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Thread-Topic: [Ecrit] Changes in LoST -02
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From: "Desjardins, Pierre" <pdesjardins@positron911.com>
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Very nice indeed!

A couple of questions/comments:

(1) Section 6.4.8 Civic Address Validation
	To determine if an element is <invalid> relative to other
elements would seem to imply some sort of ordering on the relative
importance of elements. If that is the case shouldn't the ordering be
explicitly stated so that behavior of servers is consistent in that
respect.

(2) Section 9 Location Profiles=20
	Items 2 and 3 -- Don't you want to make sure that the formal
definition of the XML elements include a namespace that it other than
the LoST or basic profiles namespaces?

Pier

----------
Pierre Desjardins
Dir. Technology Management
Positron Public Safety Systems
www.positron911.com
+1 514 345 2255


-----Original Message-----
From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]=20
Sent: Thursday, October 26, 2006 4:56 PM
To: ecrit@ietf.org
Subject: [Ecrit] Changes in LoST -02

Changes:

- each request now has its own response;

- rewrite of introduction and, to a lesser extent, other sections for
continuity and to remove redundancy;

- location profiles to describe allowable location types;

- ServiceBoundary by reference, not just by value;

- include mechanism, to allow clients to specify which information they
want the server to return;

- <valid>, <invalid>, <unchecked> indicate which pieces of civic address
data have been checked, are invalid and have not been checked,
respectively;

Open issues:

- syntax for error responses (the proposal in the draft has known
problems);

- expiration time - absolute or relative;

- handling of 'include' (specifies minimum set vs. strict set) - this
primarily affects the cacheability of responses

Henning

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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Changes in LoST -02
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On Nov 2, 2006, at 4:16 PM, Desjardins, Pierre wrote:
> (1) Section 6.4.8 Civic Address Validation
> 	To determine if an element is <invalid> relative to other
> elements would seem to imply some sort of ordering on the relative
> importance of elements. If that is the case shouldn't the ordering be
> explicitly stated so that behavior of servers is consistent in that
> respect.

I do not think it is necessary, but I'm willing to be convinced  
otherwise. As I understand it, a machine will not be making  
corrections if an address is invalid; that's the job of a human who  
can judge the proper context for themselves.

> (2) Section 9 Location Profiles
> 	Items 2 and 3 -- Don't you want to make sure that the formal
> definition of the XML elements include a namespace that it other than
> the LoST or basic profiles namespaces?

I believe the formal Relax NG definition for <location> and  
<serviceBoundary> do that, unless we just got that wrong.  BTW, the  
profile IDs are not XML namespace IDs.

-andy

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	"'Desjardins, Pierre'" <pdesjardins@positron911.com>
Subject: RE: [Ecrit] Changes in LoST -02
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> > (1) Section 6.4.8 Civic Address Validation
> > 	To determine if an element is <invalid> relative to other
> > elements would seem to imply some sort of ordering on the relative
> > importance of elements. If that is the case shouldn't the ordering be
> > explicitly stated so that behavior of servers is consistent in that
> > respect.
> 
> I do not think it is necessary, but I'm willing to be convinced
> otherwise. As I understand it, a machine will not be making
> corrections if an address is invalid; that's the job of a human who
> can judge the proper context for themselves.
I think it is necessary.  Effectively, I think you HAVE to have an order.
The error return effectively says "you have a good country, state/province
and community name, but I don't see a Willow Street in Anywhere, PA"
Without order, what you are saying is "well, somewhere in my database, there
is a state named PA, and I also have an Anywhere, although it may or may not
be in PA, but I don't have any streets named Willow anywhere in my database.

We were talking about this in a NENA meeting this morning.  It would be nice
if you, for example, misspelled the name of the community, but got
everything else right, that the error you got was "all fields good except
for community name".  But there is no feasible way to do that unless there
is exactly one Willow street in the state of PA, which is unlikely.  The
best you can do is say "there is no Anywher" in PA.  

If your entry was 100 Main St, Anywher, PA, you don't want "Street Valid"
just because there is a 100 Main St, Somewhere, PA.

Brian


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On Nov 2, 2006, at 7:35 PM, Brian Rosen wrote:

> I think it is necessary.  Effectively, I think you HAVE to have an  
> order.
> The error return effectively says "you have a good country, state/ 
> province
> and community name, but I don't see a Willow Street in Anywhere, PA"
> Without order, what you are saying is "well, somewhere in my  
> database, there
> is a state named PA, and I also have an Anywhere, although it may  
> or may not
> be in PA, but I don't have any streets named Willow anywhere in my  
> database.
>
> We were talking about this in a NENA meeting this morning.  It  
> would be nice
> if you, for example, misspelled the name of the community, but got
> everything else right, that the error you got was "all fields good  
> except
> for community name".  But there is no feasible way to do that  
> unless there
> is exactly one Willow street in the state of PA, which is  
> unlikely.  The
> best you can do is say "there is no Anywher" in PA.
>
> If your entry was 100 Main St, Anywher, PA, you don't want "Street  
> Valid"
> just because there is a 100 Main St, Somewhere, PA.

Again, who is gonna be issuing a correction?  A computer or a human?   
If a human is doing address validation for 123 Willow Street,  
Anywhere PA and the computer says, "You have something wrong with  
either Willow as a street or Anywhere as a city."  I would hope the  
human could figure it out.

The permutations of Anywhere is valid as a city for PA but not CA,  
MD,... and Willow is valid as a street for Anywhere as a city in PA  
and Anywhere as a city in NY.... can get complex fast.

All of this is a far cry from the originally stated requirement,  
which was a boolean flag for the address being valid or invalid.

-andy
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<HTML><BODY style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -kht=
ml-line-break: after-white-space; "><BR><DIV><DIV>On Nov 2, 2006, at 7:35=
 PM, Brian Rosen wrote:</DIV><BR class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><BLO=
CKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT =
face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica">I think it=
 is necessary.<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>Effectivel=
y, I think you HAVE to have an order.</FONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0p=
x 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 1=
2.0px Helvetica">The error return effectively says "you have a good count=
ry, state/province</FONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px=
"><FONT face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica">an=
d community name, but I don't see a Willow Street in Anywhere, PA"</FONT>=
</P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Helvetica=
" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica">Without order, what you are=
 saying is "well, somewhere in my database, there</FONT></P> <P style=3D"=
margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" styl=
e=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica">is a state named PA, and I also have an Anyw=
here, although it may or may not</FONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0=
px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px=
 Helvetica">be in PA, but I don't have any streets named Willow anywhere =
in my database.</FONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; f=
ont: 12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"><BR></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0=
.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" style=3D"font=
: 12.0px Helvetica">We were talking about this in a NENA meeting this mor=
ning.<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>It would be nice</F=
ONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Helve=
tica" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica">if you, for example, mi=
sspelled the name of the community, but got</FONT></P> <P style=3D"margin=
: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" style=3D"f=
ont: 12.0px Helvetica">everything else right, that the error you got was =
"all fields good except</FONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px =
0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetic=
a">for community name".<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>B=
ut there is no feasible way to do that unless there</FONT></P> <P style=3D=
"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" sty=
le=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica">is exactly one Willow street in the state o=
f PA, which is unlikely.<SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=A0 </SPAN>=
The</FONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D=
"Helvetica" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica">best you can do i=
s say "there is no Anywher" in PA. <SPAN class=3D"Apple-converted-space">=
=A0</SPAN></FONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: =
12.0px Helvetica; min-height: 14.0px"><BR></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px =
0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.=
0px Helvetica">If your entry was 100 Main St, Anywher, PA, you don't want=
 "Street Valid"</FONT></P> <P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><=
FONT face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica">just =
because there is a 100 Main St, Somewhere, PA.</FONT></P> </BLOCKQUOTE></=
DIV><BR><DIV>Again, who is gonna be issuing a correction?=A0 A computer o=
r a human?=A0 If a human is doing address validation for 123 Willow Stree=
t, Anywhere PA and the computer says, "You have something wrong with eith=
er Willow as a street or Anywhere as a city."=A0 I would hope the human c=
ould figure it out.</DIV><DIV><BR class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV=
><DIV>The permutations of Anywhere is valid as a city for PA but not CA, =
MD,... and Willow is valid as a street for Anywhere as a city in PA and A=
nywhere as a city in NY.... can get complex fast.</DIV><DIV><BR class=3D"=
khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>All of this is a far cry from the ori=
ginally stated requirement, which was a boolean flag for the address bein=
g valid or invalid.</DIV><DIV><BR class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV=
><DIV>-andy</DIV></BODY></HTML>
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From: Henning Schulzrinne <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Changes in LoST -02
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I'm not sure we're all that far apart. Clearly, there is a (rough) 
implied hierarchy in address validation, but I don't think one needs to 
specify the precise algorithm in a standard. One reasonable mechanism 
might be:

(1) Match complete address in database, using all fields that are in the 
database, omitting others. If ok, return list of all such fields.

(2) Remove the house number.

(3) Remove the street address components.

(4.1) If (3) fails, prune back to country and A1 through A6. Repeat.

(4.2) If (4.1) fails, prune back to country and A1 through A5. Repeat.

(4.3) etc.

The details could depend a bit on the country, but that's ok, since the 
authoritative database is likely going to be country-specific.

What is beyond the scope of the draft is to do guessing, such as "No 
Mian Street but maybe you meant Main Street" or "No North Main Street, 
just North-East Main Street". Simply indicating that there's an error 
should in almost all cases be sufficient to identify the problem, 
particularly for the common spelling mistakes. If not, one needs more 
elaborate mechanisms, such as the listing of all streets in a city or a 
map, where somebody can find their home by neighboring streets.

Even without standards, this is all pretty much common sense for 
implementors. Whether a national body, such as NENA, wants to provide 
guidance on elements that should always be treated as a unit and a 
hierarchy is another issue.

Henning

Andrew Newton wrote:
> 
> On Nov 2, 2006, at 7:35 PM, Brian Rosen wrote:
> 
>> I think it is necessary.  Effectively, I think you HAVE to have an order.
>>
>> The error return effectively says "you have a good country, state/province
>>
>> and community name, but I don't see a Willow Street in Anywhere, PA"
>>
>> Without order, what you are saying is "well, somewhere in my database, 
>> there
>>
>> is a state named PA, and I also have an Anywhere, although it may or 
>> may not
>>
>> be in PA, but I don't have any streets named Willow anywhere in my 
>> database.
>>
>>
>> We were talking about this in a NENA meeting this morning.  It would 
>> be nice
>>
>> if you, for example, misspelled the name of the community, but got
>>
>> everything else right, that the error you got was "all fields good except
>>
>> for community name".  But there is no feasible way to do that unless there
>>
>> is exactly one Willow street in the state of PA, which is unlikely.  The
>>
>> best you can do is say "there is no Anywher" in PA.  
>>
>>
>> If your entry was 100 Main St, Anywher, PA, you don't want "Street Valid"
>>
>> just because there is a 100 Main St, Somewhere, PA.
>>
> 
> Again, who is gonna be issuing a correction?  A computer or a human?  If 
> a human is doing address validation for 123 Willow Street, Anywhere PA 
> and the computer says, "You have something wrong with either Willow as a 
> street or Anywhere as a city."  I would hope the human could figure it out.
> 
> The permutations of Anywhere is valid as a city for PA but not CA, 
> MD,... and Willow is valid as a street for Anywhere as a city in PA and 
> Anywhere as a city in NY.... can get complex fast.
> 
> All of this is a far cry from the originally stated requirement, which 
> was a boolean flag for the address being valid or invalid.
> 
> -andy
> 
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
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On Nov 2, 2006, at 8:25 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:

> The details could depend a bit on the country, but that's ok, since  
> the authoritative database is likely going to be country-specific.

This sounds very reasonable to me.

-andy
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<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><BR><DIV><DIV>On Nov 2, 2006, at 8:25 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:</DIV><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"><BLOCKQUOTE type="cite"><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">The details could depend a bit on the country, but that's ok, since the authoritative database is likely going to be country-specific.</FONT></P> </BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR><DIV>This sounds very reasonable to me.</DIV><DIV><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>-andy</DIV></BODY></HTML>
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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Thu Nov 02 20:50:11 2006
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From: "Brian Rosen" <br@brianrosen.net>
To: "'Andrew Newton'" <andy@hxr.us>
Subject: RE: [Ecrit] Changes in LoST -02
Date: Thu, 2 Nov 2006 20:49:43 -0500
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We're talking past each other.

I want something simple and easy to describe and use.

Ultimately, the correction comes from a human.  All the computer can do is
help.  As I understand the current definition, if I queried with Willow,
Anywher, PA and there was a Willow in Anywhere, then I would get valid, not
valid, valid.  How would you expect to display to the human "there is a
problem with Anywher as a city or Willow as a street" out of that?  However
the real problem is that if there was a Willow in Somewhere, PA but not in
Anywhere, PA, then the query today would be valid, not valid, valid, and you
really get confused.  Now, admittedly, that is an example of two errors, and
most systems that try to do error diagnosis fail miserably with two errors. 

Small aside with relevance to this discussion: You should be allowed to
query with community name blank (just as you should be able to query with
county name blank).  If the fields you supply yield a SINGLE record, you
should get a successful return.  If it yields more than one, you have an
error

I propose that if you have a miss, you examine fields in a defined order. As
soon as you find an error, stop.  Two errors would return a more meaningful
error diagnosis with this algorithm, a small benefit.  

I admit that it would be nice if there was a single record that matched 123
Willow, Anywher, PA, US because Willow only occurred in Anywhere that it be
able to say that, but I don't think it's really necessary.  If you would
like to get that, you can complicate the algorithm by looking at the fields
in order until you get something not found.  Then you try to find a SINGLE
record with that field omitted.  If you find ONE, you can clarify the error.

In the example, if the input is: "123 Willow, Anywher, PA" and there is a
Willow St in both Somewhere and Anywhere, you can't say anything meaningful
about Willow.  It's incorrect to say it is wrong. It is incorrect to say
that it is right.  You just don't know.  Would it help to change the return
to be three state (good, bad, unknown)?

I recognize that you don't have a strict order in the addressing scheme.
For example, postal code is NOT realy ordered in the
coutry/state/county/city scheme.  All that matters is that there is a
defined order.  Actually, you could make the order country specific, not
publish it, and it would be okay, if we sent the "unknown" state back.  What
matters is that you say "there is no Anywher in PA, US"

Brian

________________________________________
From: Andrew Newton [mailto:andy@hxr.us] 
Sent: Thursday, November 02, 2006 7:56 PM
To: Brian Rosen
Cc: 'Desjardins, Pierre'; ecrit@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Changes in LoST -02


On Nov 2, 2006, at 7:35 PM, Brian Rosen wrote:


I think it is necessary. Effectively, I think you HAVE to have an order.
The error return effectively says "you have a good country, state/province
and community name, but I don't see a Willow Street in Anywhere, PA"
Without order, what you are saying is "well, somewhere in my database, there
is a state named PA, and I also have an Anywhere, although it may or may not
be in PA, but I don't have any streets named Willow anywhere in my database.

We were talking about this in a NENA meeting this morning. It would be nice
if you, for example, misspelled the name of the community, but got
everything else right, that the error you got was "all fields good except
for community name". But there is no feasible way to do that unless there
is exactly one Willow street in the state of PA, which is unlikely. The
best you can do is say "there is no Anywher" in PA. 

If your entry was 100 Main St, Anywher, PA, you don't want "Street Valid"
just because there is a 100 Main St, Somewhere, PA.

Again, who is gonna be issuing a correction? A computer or a human? If a
human is doing address validation for 123 Willow Street, Anywhere PA and the
computer says, "You have something wrong with either Willow as a street or
Anywhere as a city." I would hope the human could figure it out.

The permutations of Anywhere is valid as a city for PA but not CA, MD,...
and Willow is valid as a street for Anywhere as a city in PA and Anywhere as
a city in NY.... can get complex fast.

All of this is a far cry from the originally stated requirement, which was a
boolean flag for the address being valid or invalid.

-andy


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From: "Brian Rosen" <br@brianrosen.net>
To: "'Andrew Newton'" <andy@hxr.us>,
	"'Henning Schulzrinne'" <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
Subject: RE: [Ecrit] Changes in LoST -02
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Me too.

 

  _____  

From: Andrew Newton [mailto:andy@hxr.us] 
Sent: Thursday, November 02, 2006 8:40 PM
To: Henning Schulzrinne
Cc: ecrit@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Changes in LoST -02

 

 

On Nov 2, 2006, at 8:25 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:





The details could depend a bit on the country, but that's ok, since the
authoritative database is likely going to be country-specific.

 

This sounds very reasonable to me.

 

-andy


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</span></font></div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><font size=3D2 face=3DTahoma><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font =
size=3D2
face=3DTahoma><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> =
Andrew Newton
[mailto:andy@hxr.us] <br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, November =
02, 2006
8:40 PM<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Henning =
Schulzrinne<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> ecrit@ietf.org<br>
<b><span style=3D'font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Ecrit] =
Changes in
LoST -02</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>On Nov 2, 2006, at 8:25 PM, Henning Schulzrinne =
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><font size=3D1 =
face=3DHelvetica><span
style=3D'font-size:7.0pt;font-family:Helvetica'>The details could depend =
a bit on
the country, but that's ok, since the authoritative database is likely =
going to
be country-specific.</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>This sounds very reasonable to me.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D3 face=3D"Times New Roman"><span =
style=3D'font-size:
12.0pt'>-andy<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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The issue of the security of location information in the GEOPRIV 
architecture has gotten a lot of discussion, so we wanted to examine 
some ways that security features might be embedded in location objects.

The internet-drafts queue seems to be saturated, so please find 
draft-barnes-geopriv-secure-location-object-00.txt attached.

Cheers,
--Richard

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Network Working Group                                          R. Barnes
Internet-Draft                                               M. Lepinski
Intended status: Informational                                  R. Watro
Expires: April 27, 2007                                 BBN Technologies
                                                        October 24, 2006


                        Secure Location Objects
             draft-barnes-geopriv-secure-location-object-00

Status of this Memo

   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
   have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
   aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This Internet-Draft will expire on April 27, 2007.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).

Abstract

   Protection of location information is an essential requirement of the
   GEOPRIV architecture.  Since using protocols cannot be relied upon to
   provide adequate protections to the location objects they carry, the
   location objects themselves must be secured.  This document examines
   several candidates for a Secure Location Object format in the context
   of GEOPRIV and ECRIT security requirements, including both locations
   by value and by reference.



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Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Security Threats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     2.1.  Disclosure of Location Information . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     2.2.  Use of Fake Location Information . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     2.3.  Denial of Location-based Services  . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   3.  Design Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     3.1.  Integration with LoST  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     3.2.  GEOPRIV Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.3.  ECRIT Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.4.  Technical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   4.  Candidate Secure Location Object Formats . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.1.  Location By Value  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
       4.1.1.  Signed Location  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
       4.1.2.  Encrypted Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     4.2.  Location By Reference  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     4.3.  Trust Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   5.  Conclusions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   6.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   7.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   8.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   9.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     9.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     9.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 16

















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1.  Introduction

   The security of location objects as they are stored and transmitted
   over the Internet is an essential enabler of the GEOPRIV
   architecture.  Without the ability to guarantee the confidentiality
   of transmitted location information, an eavesdropper can circumvent
   GEOPRIV privacy rules; without authenticity and integrity, a third
   party can forge location information and degrade the reliability of
   the entire architecture.  Even though such security guarantees may at
   times need to be relaxed -- for instance, in an emergency calling --
   it is essential that the components of the GEOPRIV architecture make
   available a suite of security services.

   The fundamental unit of location information in the GEOPRIV
   architecture is the Location Object (LO): Location Objects are
   constructed by Location Generators; stored, transformed, and
   forwarded by Location Servers; and consumed by Location Recipients.
   In practice, these different entities are often under separate
   administrative domains, joined by various relationships and separated
   by diverse networks.  The sensitive location information contained in
   these LOs is thus stored and transmitted in a wide variety of
   circumstances, and faces the risk of unauthorized access at several
   points, even in the presence of privacy rules.

   While the GEOPRIV architecture does make certain requirements of
   "using protocols" -- protocols that read or modify LI -- it
   explicitly makes no specifications with regard to protocols used only
   for transport of LOs.  There are several transport mechanisms
   currently defined for conveying LOs from one point to another:
   Extensions have been defined for SIP, DHCP, and RADIUS, and others
   are being developed.  Of these, only SIP has any claim of secure
   transport, and even the mechanisms that SIP offers are either seldom
   implemented (S/MIME) or widely regarded as ineffective (SIPS).

   The security of LOs used in GEOPRIV thus cannot rely on the security
   of the underlying transport, but must instead by enforced by security
   features inherent in the location object itself.  We call location
   objects with such features Secure Location Objects, or SLOs.  Below,
   we summarize the threats to location information that have been
   identified by the ECRIT and GEOPRIV working groups to date, identify
   some additional design constraints that must be taken into account by
   an SLO design, and examine the feasibility of several possible SLO
   formats in light of these conditions.


2.  Security Threats

   Prior work by both the ECRIT and GEOPRIV working groups has



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   identified a set of risks facing location information, which are
   summarized here as the risks of unauthorized disclosure, forgery, and
   denial of location-based services.  While these risks have special
   importance in the context of emergency calling, they apply broadly to
   the GEOPRIV architecture as a whole.

2.1.  Disclosure of Location Information

   The most immediate threat to location information is the disclosure
   of sensitive location information to unauthorized parties.  In
   particular, this allows an eavesdropper to circumvent any privacy
   rules that are supposed to govern the use of a LO.  Such disclosure
   could occur in either of the following ways:

   o  An attacker located on the path of communication to a legitimate
      location recipient may intercept a LO and extract sensitive
      location information.  For example, an attacker could be a
      compromised router on the public internet who scans incoming
      packets for insecure LOs.  Alternatively, such an attacker could
      be a compromised proxy server for some location-using protocol
      such as SIP

   o  An attacker may impersonate a legitimate location recipient in
      order to obtain a LO from location server.  For example, an
      attacker could attack the LoST service to cause legitimate users
      to send LOs to an attacker-controlled URI.  Alternatively, an
      attacker could supply forged credentials to a location server to
      request a LO stored on the server.

   This threat is discussed in [Geopriv-Threats], Section 4.1.1 as well
   as [Geopriv-L7], Section 10.2.  In the setting of emergency services,
   this threat is especially pertinent because the requester of
   emergency services is often in a vulnerable position and hence
   location information is particularly sensitive.  For example, a
   motorist injured in an accident on a deserted highway is an easy
   target for robbery.  The disclosure of location information in the
   event of an emergency is discussed in Security Threats and
   Requirements for Emergency Call Marking and Mapping [Ecrit-Threats]
   Section 5.2.3.

2.2.  Use of Fake Location Information

   A second threat to location information is the ability of an attacker
   to create LOs that contain false location information, i.e., a
   location that does not correspond to a target's true location.  There
   are several scenarios in which this might be accomplished:





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   o  An attacker could replay location information corresponding to the
      attacker's true location at an earlier point in time.  For
      example, an attacker who visits New York City in January could
      obtain a legitimate LO indicating his location in New York.  The
      attacker could then use this previously obtained LO to claim he is
      in New York the following summer.

   o  An attacker could replay location information corresponding to
      another target's location at an earlier point in time.  For
      example, an attacker who has never been to New York City may
      obtain a legitimate LO that indicates that Alice is in New York
      City.  The attacker could then later use this LO to claim that he
      is in New York.  Note that this attack may or not require the
      attacker to be able to extract information from the LO.

   o  An attacker could from scratch generate a forged LO corresponding
      to an arbitrary location.  For example, an attacker could forge a
      LO indicating that he is in New York City.  The attacker could
      then pass this LO off as legitimate and claim he is in New York
      even though he doesn't know of anyone who has been there.

   An extensive discussion of this threat appears in [Geopriv-L7],
   Section 8.  The threat is also discussed in also discussed in
   [Geopriv-Threats] Section 4.1.2.  In the setting of emergency
   services, this threat is especially pertinent because fake location
   information can be used to force scarce emergency-response resources
   to be improperly allocated.  For example, in the event of a disaster,
   when the demand for emergency services exceeds supply, an attacker
   using a fake location could cause an ambulance to be sent to a
   location where no one is present.  Even worse, an attacker could
   generate huge numbers of emergency phone calls from all over the
   world that all claim to be from a particular city.  Such an attack
   could easily overwhelm the public safety access point and deny
   emergency services to legitimate residents of the city.  The use of
   fake location information as it pertains to emergency services is
   discussed briefly in [Ecrit-Threats] Section 5.2.3.

2.3.  Denial of Location-based Services

   In a similar vein, an attacker could deny location-based services to
   an individual with legitimate need for these services.  In the
   current, unsecured architecture, this could occur in several ways:

   o  As discussed in Section 2.2, an attacker can deny access to
      location-based services by using forged location information to
      overwhelm location-based services for a particular location.





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   o  An attacker could alter a location object to indicate an incorrect
      location of a target.  For example, when a legitimate user
      attempts to access a location-based service, an attacker on the
      path of communication may alter the location object to cause the
      request to be routed to the wrong service provider.

   o  An attacker could prevent a location recipient from obtaining a
      location information.  For example, an attacker might prevent a
      service provider from dereferencing a reference to a location
      object making it difficult for the user to receive location-
      appropriate services.

   This threat is discussed in the context of emergency services in
   [Ecrit-Threats] Section 5.2.2, but is equally applicable to other
   uses of the GEOPRIV architecture.


3.  Design Considerations

   In addition to the security objectives discussed in Section 2 above,
   there are several other constraints on the design of SLOs.  In
   general, use of SLOs must be compatible with other GEOPRIV and ECRIT
   protocols and architectures, with minimal modifications to either.
   One particular issue that is likely to arise is that in several
   possible SLO designs, the user (e.g., a UAC in the SIP model) may not
   have access to his own location (by value).

3.1.  Integration with LoST

   Currently, many of the proposed use cases for the Location-to-Service
   Translation Protocol (LoST [LoST]) assume that the UAC has access to
   its own location.  For instance:

   o  As currently defined, a LoST query includes the location of the
      target in GML.  In the case that the UAC is both the target of the
      query and the originator of the query, this means that the UAC
      must have access to its own location.

   o  LoST responses typically contain a service boundary so that a UAC
      can determine when it has left the region in which its current
      PSAP URI is valid, and thus must query the LoST server again.
      Such a boundary is useful only if the UAC is aware of its own
      location.

   A security architecture in which a UAC may not know its own location,
   may necessitate revisions to the way that LoST is used.  For
   instance, access networks or VoIP providers may need to provide LoST
   proxies that have access to location information.



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3.2.  GEOPRIV Considerations

   It is as yet unclear which communications in the GEOPRIV architecture
   can or should make use of SLOs when exchanging location data.  The
   areas of application likely will be determined by the number of each
   GEOPRIV entity and the contractual, regulatory, or other trust
   relationships among them; these considerations also will affect the
   trust model underlying a SLO design.  In addition, the functions
   required of each entity in the GEOPRIV architecture will dictate
   certain levels of access, and SLOs must accommodate these
   requirements.  For instance, since the GEOPRIV architecture specifies
   that privacy rules are applied by a Location Server, use of SLOs must
   not preclude the Location Server from having sufficient knowledge of
   location information to apply these rules.

3.3.  ECRIT Considerations

   A critical usage of GEOPRIV location objects is in emergency
   services, both for routing emergency calls to the correct PSAP and
   for directing emergency services to the location of the emergency.
   In such situations, it is essential that all relevant location
   information be available to all emergency responders that require it.
   When adding confidentiality features to a location object, therefore,
   appropriate failover mechanisms must be available.

3.4.  Technical Considerations

   User devices that are expected to handle location objects are
   becoming increasingly mobile.  In the context of SIP, this will be
   especially true as SIP is applied within cellular wireless networks.
   In order to facilitate the use of SLOs by these devices, an SLO
   design should be adaptable for use in an environment where there are
   constraints on both the processing power and bandwidth available to
   user devices.  SLOs are generally amenable to such environments,
   since they require no cryptographic operations to be performed in
   order to store or transmit them securely, and, at least when
   expressed as locations by reference, can consume very little
   bandwidth and storage space.


4.  Candidate Secure Location Object Formats

   Following the convention of SIP Location Conveyance [SIPLocation], we
   broadly divide the category of SLOs (objects that can be transmitted
   while still maintaining certain security properties) into those based
   on location by value and those based on location by reference.  We
   then discuss candidate SLOs in both categories and discuss the
   properties of a trust model relied upon by any SLO.  Note, however,



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   that in spite of this division, these two types of SLO can be
   naturally combined, for instance multi-layer access control could be
   achieved by using a secured location reference to refer to a secured
   location value.

4.1.  Location By Value

   Conveyance of location by value is the act of transmitting an entire
   LO, rather than a reference to it.  Security properties can be added
   to such a location object by either signing the location object,
   encrypting it, or both, using a technology such as S/MIME or XMLDsig.
   Each type of object -- signed, encrypted, or both -- has a different
   set of security properties, discussed below.

   Although we separately discuss the signing and encrypting of LOs, it
   is natural to consider combining the two approaches.  This raises the
   question of whether a LO should be first signed and then encrypted,
   or vice-versa.  We therefore briefly discuss the advantages of both
   approaches.

   o  In settings where denial of service attacks are likely, signing an
      already encrypted LO is advantageous because a recipient of such
      LOs can quickly discard LOs with invalid signatures without
      needing to spend resources decrypting the object.  Additionally,
      in settings where some fields of the LO should be encrypted and
      other fields should be left unencrypted, it is advantageous to
      sign the entire LO after the private fields have been encrypted.

   o  The use of objects that are first signed and then encrypted
      requires less work on the part of the location producer.  Indeed,
      a location producer may produce a single signed object which can
      then be encrypted, by a separate party, for delivery to multiple
      recipients.  Similarly, the recipient of such an LO can re-encrypt
      the signed object for delivery to a new recipient without the
      involvement of the location producer.  Additionally, in settings
      where different portions of an LO should be signed by different
      entities, it is advantageous to first sign and then encrypt the
      LO.

4.1.1.  Signed Location

   A "signed location" SLO consists of a LO together with a signature of
   some or all of the LO by a recognized authority, likely a Location
   Server or Location Generator.  Use of a signed location SLO has the
   following security implications:

   o  Perhaps most importantly, use of a signed location SLO mitigates
      all of the threats in Section 2.2 arising from the use of forged



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      location information.  An attacker who is not an authorized signer
      in the underlying trust model is unable to create fake location
      objects.  In particular, this prevents an attacker from claiming
      he is at a distant location.  Additionally, if a timestamp is
      included in the signed object, an attacker cannot replay a
      previously obtained location object (either his own or someone
      else's).

   o  Use of a signed location SLO partially mitigates the threats in
      Section 2.3 regarding denial of service.  An attacker on the
      communication path between a user and a location-based service
      provider cannot alter the location object in transit to make it
      appear that the user is at a distant location.  Obviously, certain
      attackers on the communication path can always deny service to an
      individual by dropping the individual's request.  However, an
      attack that drops the entire request is simpler to detect and
      respond to an attack that alters the location, since when a
      request is dropped the user finds out immediately (as soon as the
      time-out fails) but if a location is altered it is unclear how
      long it will take to determine that a problem has occurred.

   Naturally, the security properties granted by use of signed location
   SLOs fundamentally rely on a suitable trust model; as discussed in
   section 4.3, development of this trust model is a nontrivial but
   tractable problem.  In order for signed location to be useful, it
   must be difficult for an attacker to compromise an authorized signer
   of location information.  When signed location SLOs are used, it is
   the responsibility of the using protocol to take appropriate action
   when the signature fails to verify.  For example, in most cases, a
   signed SLO with an invalid signature might be discarded altogether,
   but in the special case of emergency services, a call with a location
   signature that fails to verify might be answered but given lower
   priority than calls with valid SLOs.

4.1.2.  Encrypted Location

   An "encrypted location" SLO is a LO encrypted in such a way that it
   is readable only by its intended recipient(s).  Use of an encrypted
   location SLO has the following security implications:

   o  Use of an encrypted location SLO mitigates all of the threats in
      Section 2.1 arising from improper disclosure of location
      information.  Unless the attacker is able to compromise the secret
      decryption key of the intended location recipient, it is
      infeasible for him to extract information from any encrypted
      location SLO he might obtain.  Therefore, even if the attacker is
      able, for example, to compromise a proxy on the communication path
      to a location recipient the sensitive location information



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      contained in the SLO remains private.

   o  Use of an encrypted location SLO only partially mitigates the
      threats in Section 2.2 regarding forgery of location information.
      Depending on the key distribution architecture, it may be possible
      for an attacker to obtain the encryption key of a legitimate
      location recipient and forge an encrypted location SLO.  Of
      course, these threats can be mitigated (as described in Section
      4.1.1) by combining signing and encrypting of location objects.
      On the other hand, because an eavesdropper does not have access to
      the information contained in an encrypted location SLO, it is very
      difficult for him to modify the location in transit.

   o  Use of an encrypted location SLO can pose additional risks
      regarding the denial of service threats discussed in Section 2.3.
      In particular, use of an encrypted location SLO introduces the
      possibility that a user is denied a service because the service
      provider cannot decrypt the SLO to extract LI.  This could occur
      because of a key-management error, or because of an attack on the
      mechanism used to distribute public keys.

   The use of encrypted location SLOs relies fundamentally on a reliable
   mechanism to distribute the keys belonging to legitimate service
   providers; the difficulty of this task will derive from the
   underlying trust model.  In the context of emergency services, for
   example, one might use the LoST protocol to return a certificate for
   a PSAP in addition to the PSAP's URI.  This reduces the incremental
   risk of using encryption, since an attacker who is able to use LoST
   to distribute incorrect public keys can surely disrupt emergency
   services in other ways.

   One often-mentioned advantage of location-by-reference is that the
   required dereference operation creates an opportunity for location
   providers to enforce a scheme in which the party dereferencing the
   URL pays the provider for the location.  A secondary advantage of
   encrypted location SLOs is that they can be used to extend this model
   to location by value: The encrypted location object can be
   transmitted to the location recipient, but encrypted in such a way
   that the SLO cannot be used by the recipient until he performs a
   second decryption or key exchange transaction with the location
   provider.  However, just as the by-reference payment scheme is viable
   only if a user cannot dereference a URL to obtain his own location,
   this model forces a transaction only if a user cannot decrypt an
   encrypted location SLO containing his location.  While this may force
   some adaptation of existing protocols (as discussed in Section 3), it
   seems that use of encrypted location SLOs for this purpose is still
   consistent with broader usage.  For example, LoST servers could be
   operated by entities that maintain business relationships with



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   location providers, so that encrypted location SLOs included in LoST
   queries could be decrypted.

4.2.  Location By Reference

   Conveyance of location by reference is the act of transmitting not an
   object containing LI, but rather a URL (or other pointer) that can be
   dereferenced to obtain a LO.  Location URLs have several important
   security implications:

   o  Perhaps most importantly, use of location by reference forces a
      location recipient to conduct a separate transaction in order to
      obtain the desired LI, which has the effect of allowing any
      security decisions to be delayed until the time when a location
      URL is dereferenced.  This property allows much more complicated
      security and privacy policies to be enforced at the location
      server (such as rules about location expiration and
      retransmission), rather than delegating trust to using protocols.
      At the same time, however, it also lends itself very naturally to
      failover, since the location server can make a decision to grant
      access to parties that can demonstrate a need and authority for
      access, such as emergency service providers.

   o  Because a location URL references a resource held by a third party
      (commonly, a location server), not by the location target or
      location recipient, location references cannot be constructed by a
      user, but rather must be obtained from an location server.  This
      yields very powerful anti-forgery (hence anti-spam) properties,
      since a user cannot forge a location URL that references LI
      indicating that he is elsewhere than he is, and likewise, a third
      party (e.g., a man in the middle) cannot modify a URL to deny
      location-based services.

   We call a location reference that employs one or more security
   protocols in its dereference a secured location reference.  Any
   security protocols used in conjunction with location references will
   be reliant on a suitable trust model; as discussed in section 4.3,
   development of this trust model seems to be a nontrivial, but
   tractable problem.  In order for secured location references to be
   suitable for use in emergency services, the dereferencing protocol
   and any security protocols employed between the recipient and the
   location server must be made sufficiently reliable for use in an
   emergency.  As is the case with normal, unsecured location
   references, the most significant risk is introduced by the
   dereferencing protocol, since the location server is capable of
   granting access to LI independent of security policies and protocols.





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4.3.  Trust Models

   Any SLO system will be based on an underlying trust model.  The
   structure of this model deeply influences the nature of the security
   guarantees that the SLO system can provide.  Such guarantees include:

   o  Authentication of location recipients: Use of SLOs offers another
      mechanism for authenticating identities referenced by privacy
      rules.  Using secure location by value, objects can be encrypted
      for a specific recipient, and using secure location by reference,
      a location server can interpret a cryptographic credential to
      grant or deny access to specific recipients.  In particular,
      emergency service providers could be unambiguously identified by
      their credentials to be assured access to the LI they require.

   o  Authentication and integrity of location information: In the PSTN,
      location information is provided by wireline or wireless
      operators, and thus assumed by all using parties to be reliable.
      Use of location signing in secure location objects provides a
      mechanism to translate these assurances to IP-based telephony and
      other location-based Internet services.

   o  Non-repudiation of location information: By the same token as
      above, the current PSTN architecture allows failures of the
      location architecture to be clearly attributed to the provider of
      faulty LI, for purposes of determining regulatory or civil
      liability.  For location-based services over IP, particularly
      emergency services, this is an important function that can be
      enabled by secure location objects.

   These features require the identification and issuance of credentials
   for two classes of entities: Location producers and location
   consumers.  The case of location consumers seems to be the simpler,
   if we envision two major use cases, (1) emergency services calling,
   and (2) client-server style location-based services.  In the former
   case, the set of PSAPs and emergency service providers is small and
   stable enough to be manageable.  In some cases, even further
   simplification will be possible: In the NENA i3 architecture, for
   example, one might need to manage credentials only for gateways
   between emergency services networks and the Internet.  For other
   client-server location-based services, there are several current
   trust models that could be adapted, such as the broad, flat PKI model
   used by HTTPS or the more flexible model used in DNSSEC.

   Constructing a system for authenticating location producers is more
   difficult.  For example, an organization that administers a corporate
   network of SIP-based desk phones might provision these phones with
   fine-grained location information, such as their floor and room



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   number.  By some calculations [ref:Henning], in New York City alone
   there are thousands of organizations that might be expected to do
   become location producers in this way, several of which appear and
   disappear each day.  On the other hand, such location producers need
   only be included in a trust model if the goal of this trust model is
   to provide guarantees stronger than are offered by the PSTN.  An
   initial capability to provide PSTN-equivalent security would require
   only the inclusion of telecommunications and internet service
   providers; construction of a PKI on the scale of the former is
   already being under taken by the SIDR working group and the Regional
   Internet Registries.  In addition, many VoIP providers currently
   outsource location determination functions to other entities, which
   further consolidates the set of location producers.  Note also that
   although we have treated here the specific example of location for
   VoIP, the same access networks that provide location for these
   services will be used to access other location-based services, so a
   trust model for location producers in a VoIP setting would be
   extensible to a model for more general location-based services.


5.  Conclusions

   The purpose of this document is to start a discussion about the
   requirements of GEOPRIV and ECRIT for security in location objects.
   Clearly, it is tempting to push responsibility for security onto the
   protocols that carry LOs and the using protocols that process them.
   Currently, however, these protocols are unable to provide the end-to-
   end security guarantees necessary to mitigate threats to the privacy
   of location information and the integrity of location-based services.
   Without securing the location object itself, entities that generate
   LOs have no assurances that the LOs will not be misused, and critical
   applications such as emergency services have no assurances that the
   LOs they receive have not been forged or otherwise tampered with.

   In this document, we considered three approaches to securing LOs.
   Signing a location object can prevent forgery and mitigate resulting
   denial of service attacks.  Encrypting location objects can prevent
   the improper disclosure of location information, but encryption
   results in an opaque location object that may require adaptation of
   using protocols.  Using location by reference in conjunction with a
   secure dereferencing transaction can prevent both forgery and
   improper disclosure of location information.  However, obtaining
   location information from a location-by-reference object requires an
   additional transaction that could introduce additional risk in time-
   critical applications such as emergency services.  Naturally, these
   techniques for securing location objects can be combined to obtain
   stronger security guarantees or increased robustness.  For example, a
   location reference could be appended to a signed and encrypted



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   location object to obtain the security guarantees of location-by-
   reference and yet require a separate de-referencing transaction only
   in the event that decryption fails.  Achieving security through any
   of these mechanisms will require an appropriate trust model.


6.  IANA Considerations

   This document makes no request of IANA.

   Note to RFC Editor: this section may be removed on publication as an
   RFC.


7.  Security Considerations

   The focus of this document is security; hence security considerations
   permeate this specification.


8.  Acknowledgements


9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  "", 2005.

9.2.  Informative References

   [Ecrit-Threats]
              Nortel, Siemens, Columbia University, and Siemens,
              "Security Threats and Requirements for Emergency Call
              Marking and Mapping", July 2006.

   [Geopriv-L7]
              Siemens Networks and Columbia University, "Geopriv Layer 7
              Location Configuration Protocol; Problem Statement and
              Requirements", October 2006.

   [Geopriv-Threats]
              Technology and Public Policy Clinic, Technology and Public
              Policy Clinic, Center for Democracy and Technology, and
              NeuStar, "Threat Analysis of the Geopriv Protocol",
              February 2004.

   [LoST]     Qualcomm, Inc., SunRocket, Columbia University, and



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              Siemens, "LoST: A Location-to-Service Translation
              Protocol", September 2006.

   [RFC3693]  Siemens AG, Center for Democracy and Technology,
              Technology and Public Policy Clinic, NeuStar, and Cisco,
              "Geopriv Requirements", February 2004.

   [SIPLocation]
              Qualcomm, Inc. and SunRocket, "Session Initiation Protocol
              Location Conveyance", October 2006.


Authors' Addresses

   Richard Barnes
   BBN Technologies
   9861 Broken Land Pkwy
   Columbia, Maryland  21046
   USA

   Phone: +1-410-290-6169
   Email: rbarnes@bbn.com


   Matt Lepinski
   BBN Technologies
   10 Moulton St.
   Cambridge, Massachusetts  02138
   USA

   Phone: +1-617-873-5939
   Email: mlepinsk@bbn.com


   Ron Watro
   BBN Technologies
   10 Moulton St.
   Cambridge, Massachusetts  02138
   USA

   Phone: +1-617-873-2551
   Email: rwatro@bbn.com









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Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).

   This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
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Acknowledgment

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Barnes, et al.           Expires April 27, 2007                [Page 16]


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Subject: [Ecrit] Re: [Geopriv] New draft on Secure Location Objects
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Richard,

your author group may benefit from perusing the ECRIT and GEOPRIV  
mailing list archives, as they discuss many of these issues in depth.  
Unfortunately, issues such as what it means to sign a location (how  
can the receiver tell who can legitimately sign for an unknown user's  
location?) do not seem to be reflected in your draft. Given the long  
and contentious debates on these topics, it would seem helpful to  
avoid having them again, so I think you could do the working groups a  
favor by reflecting those discussions in your draft. If you're able  
to summarize and reflect on those issues, your draft could be  
potentially useful to move the discussion forward, rather than just  
having the same discussion again.

Many of these items are already discussed in the L7 and conveyance  
document, so it might be useful to reduce the overlap.

Henning


On Nov 3, 2006, at 6:41 PM, Richard L. Barnes wrote:

> The issue of the security of location information in the GEOPRIV  
> architecture has gotten a lot of discussion, so we wanted to  
> examine some ways that security features might be embedded in  
> location objects.
>
> The internet-drafts queue seems to be saturated, so please find  
> draft-barnes-geopriv-secure-location-object-00.txt attached.
>
> Cheers,
> --Richard
>
>
>
> Network Working Group                                          R.  
> Barnes
> Internet-Draft                                               M.  
> Lepinski
> Intended status: Informational                                  R.  
> Watro
> Expires: April 27, 2007                                 BBN  
> Technologies
>                                                         October 24,  
> 2006
>
>
>                         Secure Location Objects
>              draft-barnes-geopriv-secure-location-object-00


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Hi;

General comments on the 02 version of the draft.
 BTW Overall I really like where the draft is going.
 
 1. Now that the protocol is allowed to carry more than 1 location 
information
     in the findservice query, it may be a good idea to indicate which 
location was
     used to find out the URIs.
     > Otherwise I don't see how a server(proxy etc.) would be able to 
cache a response and
         later correlate it to a new request.

 2. Last paragraph in section 1 talks about how LoST is able to provide 
list of services that
     are provided in the location requested. Does this always hold true? 
I can see that the server
     is able to provide a list of services that the server in question 
can provide but I don't see
     how server will be aware of all the services that is provided in 
the area.. (What if service
     X is provided at a state level but service Y is provided at a city 
level??)

 3. With many location possibly included in the findService is there any 
way to
      prioritize and indicate the location user wants  LoST server to 
use? (I might have read the
      draft wrong but section 6.3.1 reads as if you can have more than 
one location with the
      same location-profile..)

 4. There is no text explaining the ordering of <via> and its semantics. 
If there is no rule,
     there is no way for an endpoint to figure out which LoST server 
provided the final
     resolution.

 5. What happens when the LoST query is exhausted while it's being iterated?

 6. Can client put an asterisk to indicate it wants all the possible 
information LoST server
     can provide in "include" attribute.

 7. Figure 6 shows a response with the ServiceBoundry but it is not 
requested in the
     request. Is serviceBoundry a MUST in a response?

 8. Section 6.4.7. <serviceNumber> is the only thing that is declared 
optional in the
     draft? Is everything else mandatory??

 9. Section 6.4.4. Let's say the LoST server being queried is 
responsible for the city,
     and it only provides X and Y. But the server responsible for state 
may provide
     service X, Y and Z. Would it only return the alternative it is 
aware of or should
     it query the server responsible for the state and respond according 
to what it
     finds out..

 10. I don't understand why <getServiceBoundary> needs to be defined. Can't
      we just use the findService and have include

 11. <getServiceBoundary> does not have the serviceURN in question. I am 
assuming
      that with LoST server possibly providing different services, each 
services can also
      have different boundary. If so the request and response should 
have the relevant
      service.

 12. TTL should be absolute time. I don't see how servers can 
effectively cache the
       value otherwise. It also will promote replay attack if it's just 
indicated in seconds.

 13. It doesn't say what can be set in the "include" attribute. I think 
this should be
       specified.


  Regards
   Shida Schubert

Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
> Changes:
>
> - each request now has its own response;
>
> - rewrite of introduction and, to a lesser extent, other sections for 
> continuity and to remove redundancy;
>
> - location profiles to describe allowable location types;
>
> - ServiceBoundary by reference, not just by value;
>
> - include mechanism, to allow clients to specify which information 
> they want the server to return;
>
> - <valid>, <invalid>, <unchecked> indicate which pieces of civic 
> address data have been checked, are invalid and have not been checked, 
> respectively;
>
> Open issues:
>
> - syntax for error responses (the proposal in the draft has known 
> problems);
>
> - expiration time - absolute or relative;
>
> - handling of 'include' (specifies minimum set vs. strict set) - this 
> primarily affects the cacheability of responses
>
> Henning
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
>
>


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Subject: [Ecrit] Comments on draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00
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Hi;

 Few comments on the draft.

 1. What is the early URL? I can guess what this is but I think
    it should be clarified somewhere as it

 2. Section 3, 4th paragraph explains how the proxy(ESRP)
   would query the LoST server to resolve a Service URN but
   this is based on the assumption that the URI in the route header
   addressing the PSAP(assuming we are using the loose-route
   Jonathan proposed.) is stale. But is it really? And how do we
   know. There is no indication to show how fresh the psap-URI
   is. So UA can literally have obtained a new psap-URI just before
   it initiated an emergency call but according to the draft, ESRP or
   proxy would still redo the mapping.. Worse yet, because there is
   no indication that mapping has been accomplished, we may see
   multiple proxies redoing the mapping as it can't tell if the mapping
   has been executed already.. I don't know if there is any resolution
   to this and I actually don't know if this is really a problem but I 
figured
   I should share my concern..

 3. Section 5.8 talks about location being validated prior to a device 
placing
   an actual emergency call. I don't understand what the text is trying 
to say here.
   How could the validation take place without the actual request?? I am 
probably
   being stupid here and not fully understanding the text here so 
clarification would
   be much appreciated.

 4. Section 16.5. Call Signaling Integrity I think is better provided by 
SIP-Identity,
   which can provide over some headers and message body end-to-end over TLS
   which only provides integrity hop-by-hop. You already recommend the 
use of
   sip-identity to provide caller-authentication, it won't hurt to 
recommend its use
   to provide signaling integrity.

 Regards
  Shida

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Subject: [Ecrit] Re: [Geopriv] New draft on Secure Location Objects
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Henning,

You're certainly right that we don't need to revisit the arguments that 
have gone on about location signing (and other security issues).  In 
this draft, I think we were hoping to sidestep some of that by treating 
mechanisms for security separately from the underlying trust models.  
That is, this draft is trying to examine the tradeoffs of various 
security mechanisms, and their performance against security threats in 
current GEOPRIV and ECRIT documents -- independent of the trust model 
and associated semantics.

I agree that the trust model that supports GEOPRIV security is a 
complicated and difficult question, and one we should elaborate on more 
in our next draft.   We will try to incorporate the prior ECRIT and 
GEOPRIV discussions, in addition to the current documents.  However, we 
should bear in mind that the selection of a trust model is a separate 
and independent problem from defining formats and mechanisms that might 
rely on such a trust model.

Thanks,
--Richard

Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
> Richard,
>
> your author group may benefit from perusing the ECRIT and GEOPRIV 
> mailing list archives, as they discuss many of these issues in depth. 
> Unfortunately, issues such as what it means to sign a location (how 
> can the receiver tell who can legitimately sign for an unknown user's 
> location?) do not seem to be reflected in your draft. Given the long 
> and contentious debates on these topics, it would seem helpful to 
> avoid having them again, so I think you could do the working groups a 
> favor by reflecting those discussions in your draft. If you're able to 
> summarize and reflect on those issues, your draft could be potentially 
> useful to move the discussion forward, rather than just having the 
> same discussion again.
>
> Many of these items are already discussed in the L7 and conveyance 
> document, so it might be useful to reduce the overlap.
>
> Henning
>
>
> On Nov 3, 2006, at 6:41 PM, Richard L. Barnes wrote:
>
>> The issue of the security of location information in the GEOPRIV 
>> architecture has gotten a lot of discussion, so we wanted to examine 
>> some ways that security features might be embedded in location objects.
>>
>> The internet-drafts queue seems to be saturated, so please find 
>> draft-barnes-geopriv-secure-location-object-00.txt attached.
>>
>> Cheers,
>> --Richard
>>
>>
>>
>> Network Working Group                                          R. Barnes
>> Internet-Draft                                               M. Lepinski
>> Intended status: Informational                                  R. Watro
>> Expires: April 27, 2007                                 BBN Technologies
>>                                                         October 24, 2006
>>
>>
>>                         Secure Location Objects
>>              draft-barnes-geopriv-secure-location-object-00
>
>



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Shida,

I'll try to answer these as best as possible.  Hopefully Henning,  
Ted, and Hannes can elaborate on the items I don't cover well.

On Nov 5, 2006, at 6:39 PM, Shida Schubert wrote:
> 1. Now that the protocol is allowed to carry more than 1 location  
> information
>     in the findservice query, it may be a good idea to indicate  
> which location was
>     used to find out the URIs.
>     > Otherwise I don't see how a server(proxy etc.) would be able  
> to cache a response and
>         later correlate it to a new request.

Though I cannot see it in the draft, I thought there was wording  
about the ordering of the <location> elements to indicate preference  
and likewise in the response.  That would resolve the issue above.   
But you are correct, we need to be able to indicate which location  
profile was used for the answer.

> 2. Last paragraph in section 1 talks about how LoST is able to  
> provide list of services that
>     are provided in the location requested. Does this always hold  
> true? I can see that the server
>     is able to provide a list of services that the server in  
> question can provide but I don't see
>     how server will be aware of all the services that is provided  
> in the area.. (What if service
>     X is provided at a state level but service Y is provided at a  
> city level??)

Good question.  I think that a <listServices> query would not reach  
an authoritative server.  It would always either be answered by a  
caching resolver via how it was configured to do resolution or from  
information from a forrest guide.

> 3. With many location possibly included in the findService is there  
> any way to
>      prioritize and indicate the location user wants  LoST server  
> to use? (I might have read the
>      draft wrong but section 6.3.1 reads as if you can have more  
> than one location with the
>      same location-profile..)

See #1.

> 4. There is no text explaining the ordering of <via> and its  
> semantics. If there is no rule,
>     there is no way for an endpoint to figure out which LoST server  
> provided the final
>     resolution.

We inadvertently removed that text during some wordsmithing to make  
section 6.4.1 read more clearly.  Thanks for pointing this out.


> 5. What happens when the LoST query is exhausted while it's being  
> iterated?

Either a <notFound> or a <redirect>.

> 6. Can client put an asterisk to indicate it wants all the possible  
> information LoST server
>     can provide in "include" attribute.

I'll see if we can do this.  It shouldn't be too hard in the Relax NG.

> 7. Figure 6 shows a response with the ServiceBoundry but it is not  
> requested in the
>     request. Is serviceBoundry a MUST in a response?

That's a mistake in the example.  No, it is not a MUST.

> 8. Section 6.4.7. <serviceNumber> is the only thing that is  
> declared optional in the
>     draft? Is everything else mandatory??

No.  While we do have the mismatch with the Relax NG and some of the  
wording, every element in <findServiceResponse> is optional.

> 9. Section 6.4.4. Let's say the LoST server being queried is  
> responsible for the city,
>     and it only provides X and Y. But the server responsible for  
> state may provide
>     service X, Y and Z. Would it only return the alternative it is  
> aware of or should
>     it query the server responsible for the state and respond  
> according to what it
>     finds out..

See #2.

> 10. I don't understand why <getServiceBoundary> needs to be  
> defined. Can't
>      we just use the findService and have include

The include attribute in <findService> specifies either  
serviceBoundary or serviceBoundaryReference.  This allows a client to  
retrieve the service boundary in a separate message using the  
<getServiceBoundary> query.  This might be useful in networks with  
low bandwidth with service boundaries that might take a lot to express.

> 11. <getServiceBoundary> does not have the serviceURN in question.  
> I am assuming
>      that with LoST server possibly providing different services,  
> each services can also
>      have different boundary. If so the request and response should  
> have the relevant
>      service.

The key should be good enough.  If a server wants to implement the  
creating of the key with the URN embedded in the key, then it is free  
to do so.  Though perhaps we should relax the regex to allow this.   
Thanks for pointing this out.

> 12. TTL should be absolute time. I don't see how servers can  
> effectively cache the
>       value otherwise. It also will promote replay attack if it's  
> just indicated in seconds.

Quite easily.  DNS, the largest distributed, caching, inter-domain,  
distributed database uses relative TTLs with no problems.  And there  
is nothing inherent in absolute times themselves that prevent replay  
attacks.

> 13. It doesn't say what can be set in the "include" attribute. I  
> think this should be
>       specified.

That is explicitly listed in the relax ng schema.

-andy

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If you are presenting at ecrit, please send the slides to Hannes or myself.
We want to post them PRIOR to the start of the session so the remote
attendees can see them...

Marc & Hannes

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(DO NOT REPLY)

WHAT:     Tutorial on Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE)
       (http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-mmusic-ice-12.txt)

WHEN:     Tuesday, November 7 1130-1300

           Lunch will be provided at a nominal fee of $10
             Sandwiches, salad and chips
             Bring-your-own beverage

           Please get me your $10 prior to the end of the IETF meeting.
           Only 90 lunches have been ordered, its first-come-first-served

           I am covering this out of my own pocket, so please do get me
           your $10 if you partake of the food. I'm not tracking who eats
           or pays - we're on the honor system here!


WHERE:    Grande Ballroom A

WHO:      Anyone with an interest in RAI work that would like to learn
           more about ICE.

WHY:      ICE is one of the 'core' SIP specifications (according to the
           SIP hitchhikers guide) and seeing some good adoption. It's the
           IETF tool for NAT traversal for SIP-based media. However,
           it's a complex specification. The tutorial will assume only
           basic familiarity with SIP, SDP and NAT, and explain the rest.
           Participants will emerge with a high level understanding of
           the operation of ICE. The tutorial will be based on the
           pending -12 version.

RSVP:     Please send a note to me with the Subject line "ice-is-nice"
           (mailto:jdrosen@cisco.com?Subject=ice-is-nice).


!DO NOT REPLY TO THIS NOTE!

-- 
Jonathan D. Rosenberg, Ph.D.                   600 Lanidex Plaza
Cisco Fellow                                   Parsippany, NJ 07054-2711
Cisco Systems
jdrosen@cisco.com                              FAX:   (973) 952-5050
http://www.jdrosen.net                         PHONE: (973) 952-5000
http://www.cisco.com

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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Tue Nov 07 17:08:12 2006
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From: "Rohan Mahy" <rohan.mahy@gmail.com>
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Subject: [Ecrit] support for multiple display names in LoST
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LoST can provide a display name.  I think the schema should allow
multiple display names
so if I can have support for multiple languages (for example English/French in
Canada, Flemmish/French in Belgium, etc..)

I added this to the issue tracker as issue #17.

thanks,
-rohan

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Subject: [Ecrit] Marking Input by Jonathan
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Hi all,

during the meeting Jonathan mentioned that he worked on a draft that is 
relevant for our marking discussion:
http://tools.ietf.org/wg/sip/draft-rosenberg-sip-ua-loose-route-00.txt
It has a section about emergency services.

Please read it.

Ciao
Hannes

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Hope these are helpful!

Spencer

Emergency Context Resolution with Internet Technologies WG (ECRIT) =
Agenda for IETF 67
TUESDAY, November 7, 2006
1300-1500 Afternoon Session I
Grande Ballroom A

1. Agenda Bashing, Document Status and Milestones
Chairs
(15 minutes)

No agenda bashing noted

a. draft-ietf-ecrit-requirements-12.txt
b. draft-ietf-ecrit-service-urn-05.txt
c. draft-ietf-ecrit-security-threats-03.txt

Have been forwarded to the IESG for publication (the good news), may =
hear back from them (the bad news). Proto writeup is all done.

We're running close to our milestones (amaze your friends in the IETF).

There is now an unofficial ECRIT blog from the supplementary web page, =
and an implementation tracker page (with mailing list - contact chairs =
to join).

2. Report about the SDO Emergency Services Coordination Workshop
Hannes Tschofenig / Marc Linsner
(30 minutes)

Acknowledgements to those who helped and participated...

Several links to information are included in the slides from this =
presentation.

More than 30 presentations from various SDOs.


  a.. 3GPP - had already had a workshop with 3GPP in July, were already =
aware of many details, but 3GPP2 also confirmed requirements.
  b.. IEEE 802.11 emergency service identification, location, =
unauthenticated access.=20
  c.. IEEE 802.1AB - link layer discovery protocol and LDP-MED.
  d.. Several presentations from ECRIT WG.=20
  e.. PacketCable showed architecture and solutions.
  f.. NENA
  g.. TIA -TR-45
  h.. OMA
  i.. ITU-T - focused on early warning, not working on 911
  j.. ETSI EMTEL doing requirements,
  k.. OCG talked about GML
  l.. EU Commission (regulatory framework, player responsibilities in =
our architecture)
  m.. COMCARE pointers to OASIS standards for authority-to-authority =
communication,
  n.. ESIF NGES talked about NENA i3 requirements and their plans to =
build on those requirements
  o.. ANSI HSSP offered forum for standards and coordination. They are =
also working on a white paper.
  p.. US department of transportation
  q.. Emergency Services in Austria - for current VoIP provider
  r.. Emergency Services Prototype from Henning.
Major open issues

  a.. Architectural
  b.. Whether to send location information to the endpoints
  c.. Who should develop which protocols
  d.. Role of a "global coordinator"
Next Steps

  a.. Schedule another workshop in six months
  b.. Inform other SDOs about this work
  c.. Request feedback from other SDOs about LoST, Phone BCP, etc.
  d.. Topic-specific liaisons, if necessary (discuss this with IAB)

  e.. Perform workshops with SDOs on selected topics - possibly IEEE, =
OMA - IPR policy incompatibility concerns here

Peter - concerns about streaming from this workshop, poor quality

Henning - versioning problem. Some people are supporting existing PSAP =
architectures, NENE i-2, not i-3 versions. =20

Marc - i-2 is being stretched to cover more environments (mobile, etc, =
never intended to cover these).

Brian - effort in NENA is to get i-3 deployed as quickly as possible, =
but funding issues are serious. Most people differentiate between =
current system and next-gen stuff, redoing entire system. Trying to fund =
this in less than a decade, more optimistic after the meeting. WiMAX =
folks were worrisome, but they made a connection that didn't exist =
before the meeting. Need to follow up with IEEE/WiMAX, need better =
communication.

Hannes - WiMAX isn't IEEE, it's the user forum, right?

Steve Norris - we have the list of problems that need to be solved, but =
slides didn't capture synergies between groups. They vary by timescales, =
but that's the only difference, this is their opportunity to push the =
world.

Bernard - what liaison does this working group want to carry forward? At =
your disposal if you have a plan.

Brian - specific suggestion - joint working group between 3GPP and IETF =
was productive, would like to see same thing with IEEE.=20

Bernard - could start with a conversation. Don't even see IEEE groups =
talking to each other, so there's still work to do.

Jonathan - don't paper over differences between 3GPP and other =
architectures, device moves into another network and simply doesn't =
work. Need some common fallback, etc.

Bernard - look at IAB liaison documents - WGs can send letters (with WG =
consensus) - get things down on paper first, where others can look at it

Brian - start with framework document and ask for comments, then we can =
work on details

3. A Location-to-Service Translation Protocol (LoST)
draft-ietf-ecrit-lost-02.txt
Henning Schulzrinne / Andy Newton=20
(15 minutes)

Pattern now is three request elements and response elements

Find service Include attributes added to show valid/invalid/unchecked.

Author team met this morning, has additional changes they want to make.

Service Boundary reference added for low-bandwidth clients, etc.=20

Brian - question the use of this - if you can't handle a large amount of =
traffic, you still get it when you dereference?

Henning - not convinced it's a huge advantage, but assume service =
boundaries are political and long-term stable. Retrieve once and check =
for changes.

Andy - don't know if anyone has talked about deltas for the deferenced =
information.

Henning - maybe have a smaller description of a simpler polygon - not =
sure worthwhile to have this complexity.

Brian - complexity tradeoff could also be how often you get complexity

Andy - interesting in many ways, take this conversation to the list. =
Like Henning's use case, hadn't thought of that before

Hannes - discussed at last meeting, people complained, Austria had large =
polygons.=20

Henning - don't have to get too uptight about protocol complexity here.=20

Andy - need to talk about lifetime of reference, etc.

Unchecked indicator added in this version of the spec.

Brian - unchecked is very valuable. On list - is there hierarchy?

Location profiles are biggest addition in this version of the document. =
Geo is where the number of identifiers really goes up. Multiple =
namespaces, very flexible.

Rohan - really like this, mandatory-to-implement is a really good thing.

Brian - useful enough to replicate to other location users (location =
conveyance, etc.)?

Andy - good point. May want to talk about this.=20

James - geoshape only defines half a dozen shapes - is that reasonable?

Andy - don't think everyone supports all the shapes. No one has defined =
what 3D looks like.Prism doesn't exist yet ... the return value is the =
interesting part. No one has defined all the details.=20

Hannes - ????

Andy - service boundary and location element both support multiple =
namespaces, easily see ??? being added.

MUST IMPLEMENT profiles - geodetic-2D, civid

Client must support both 2D and civic responses, servers must implement =
both.

Open issues

  a.. Error responses changed.
  b.. TTL will be absolute.
  c.. "include" effects on caching
  d.. Ordering of element names
  e.. Order preference of location profiles
  f.. Algorithm for adding <via> (was lost)
  g.. Loosen uip service value syntax
  h.. Signing
Rohan - should have multiple display names, will post to issue tracker

Andy - good suggestion.

Want to separate errors from warnings, SIP interaction will be specified =
in another document.

Steve Norris - still worried about this - person making emergency call =
needs to do something, but they will be panicing. Machine can do this, =
but people behave strangely

Henning - want to return something useful if possible, but may be =
nothing useful to return (invalid country code, etc). Hope is that we =
don't need to do this at call time. What if there's no emergency =
equipment there? Errors come in several flavors (don't understand =
specific request, don't understand location information). If you can =
return a default value, please do that.=20

Andy - benefits no one to return an answer with an error.

Authors think errors/warnngs make more sense, enable resolver data =
insertion, move to absolute TTL to accommodate D-SIG (just not in this =
pass).

There is a difference between asking about locations and asking what =
services are supported for the location.

Ted - making location option seemed to be the right thing to so, please =
check this

Brian - big step forward, still have a hole about finding servers in the =
forest.

Henning- charter date for this item, want to get this work done. =
Addressed all known issues? Second - create new document, not even =
chartered yet.  This is a synchronization problem. Not THAT complicated, =
needs to be done.

Andy document will go to WGLC soon (couple of weeks?)

Keith - geopriv issue, still have no way to map areas to protocols.=20

Henning - author team talked on this, not on these slides. Will do the =
same thing as SIP - when we change protocols, we add a flag.

Keith - ???

Marc - how many people understand this draft? Not many - please comment =
soon! want WGLC before too much longer.

Hannes - need some expert reviewers.=20

4. Location-to-URL Mapping Architecture and Framework
draft-ietf-ecrit-mapping-arch-00
Henning Schulzrinne
(15 minutes)

Document hasn't changed much, so these are upcoming changes.

Two-minute refresher...

Resolvers know forest guides, not trees.

Forest guides are neutral arbitrators.=20

Individual "trees" will share information.

Caching required for resiliency, at multiple levels.=20

Basic text is stable, need to generalize to multiple services, need to =
move operational guidance to BCP. WGLC after next revision (01).

Brian - don't know protocols are right until I see the architecture=20

(grabbing volunteer reviewers)

Andy - don't think we need to see this document to do the protocol.

Brian - this is so basic... needs to correctly reflect the protocol.

Henning - we can panic later if this document is really late.

Jonathan - with Brian - this is hard stuff, should take a look later.

5. Framework for Emergency Calling
draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00=20
Brian Rosen, Henning Schulzrinne, Andrew Newton, James Polk
(15 minutes)

Should not have any normative text in this document (please let Brian =
know if you see any).=20

Changed terminology. Need to update to match LoST 02.

Open issues - marking, insufficient review. Want to make sure the =
document is right, means what it says.

Hannes - finished by December? Solicit feedback from external =
organizations, need time for this.=20

Expert reviewers? Peter?  Steve? yes.

Andy - marking is in framework document?

Brian - yes, but normative is in phone BCP.

Andy - can we come to resolution here? If we have time.

Keith - anything special about call-back? Do we mark these as special?=20

Brian - don't think this is completely specified.

6. Best Current Practice for Communications Services in support of =
Emergency Calling
draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00.txt
James Polk / Brian Rosen
(15 minutes)

Updating to reflect mechanism changes in LoST

No open issues, but marking will lead to changes.=20

Don't need expert review, but please read the documents.

Keith - document requires you to reveal your identity, unless you are =
using an anonymizer.=20

Peter - document structure - another BCP on system side and =
infrastructure?=20

Brian - clients and servers in this document - could rename the document =
to reflect this, don't think we're breaking document into two parts. =
Should give guidance to anyone to show what they must do with this =
stuff.

7. A DHCP based LoST Discovery Procedure
draft-polk-ecrit-dhc-lost-discovery-01.txt
Henning Schulzrinne / James Polk
(5 minutes)

DHC will be one of several such mechanisms (like SIP configuration, =
Geopriv on list discovery, etc.).=20

Draft is one powerpoint bullet - one domain name, no IP addresses or =
anything else. You do translation before you send request.

Doman name representation has been worked out with DHC chairs.

Assume exactly one LoST server, use NAPTR for multiple servers.

Need to do joint last call with DHC, no dependencies on anything else.

DHC will do review at the end of our process.

Who has read the draft? A few.

Progress as WG item? Humms - many yes, no "no" humms.

8. IANA Registering a SIP Resource Priority Header=20
Namespace for Local Emergency Communications
draft-polk-ecrit-local-emergency-rph-namespace-00
James Polk
(5 minutes)=20

Indications for mesages - had a spare four hours and wrote this draft, =
just a new resource priority namespace, didn't propose a specific =
namespace, but there are several alternatives, don't care which.

Just floating the idea - resource priority took six years, need to start =
now.

NENA needs this.

Requires standards-track RFC.

Multiple priorities? in the draft, not a solid proposal.=20

4412 goal is not to have lots of name spaces, so looking to consolidate.

Jonathan - worries about this for users making calls. We already have =
marking on the call, can't allow this if call isn't emergency call, so =
it should already be marked.

James - Brian and I agree, this is the alternative marking proposal.

Jonathan - mark me opposed!

Henning - objection on mailing list - conflating user authority and =
forwarding authority - need one namespace. Be careful - marking =
emergency calls has a lot of side effects, bundle so you can't get one =
without the other. SIP has lots of headers already. Don't look at =
details of this proposal, look at broader marking discussion.

Brian Stucker - callbacks don't suffer from huge authorization problem, =
don't have other considerations for this.

Brian - useful for call-in/call-out, asking for resource priority, do =
have some redundancy, but they mean different things and have different =
effects.

Janet - these namespaces are not expected to be used for PSAP-PSAP or =
PSAP-first responders.

Steve Norris - would all be marked in the same way and treated the same =
way - we have two kinds of marking (off and on).

Ted - understand issue Jonathan raised and agree. If you aren't also =
going to service URN as a target, this shouldn't work, but ... there is =
a tight binding here.

Jonathan - when you have two things that have to be the same, then =
you're introducing error conditions where they aren't the same.

Ted - is inferring this sufficient?

Henning - last thing we want to do is fail the call - at least handle at =
normal priority, not drop.

MARKING DISCUSSION - HENNING

Marking needs to survive translations (redirections, etc.). Would be =
nice to ensure that only emergency calls get this marking, so you can =
never call your aunt as an emergency call unless she works at a PSAP - =
these are two core requirements.

Request URI, To URI, special header, caller preferences, parameter - =
these are the possibilities.

Brian - Route?=20

Henning - probably not, identiies PSAP but not marking.

Choices seem to be request URI and route header.

Steve Norris - separation of marker from routing. You could do =
reconciliation. Lots of operator systems in UK, but not emergency calls. =


Henning - this was first requirement.=20

Jonathan - only thing you use is the marker that says "going to PSAP" - =
this is the request URI.=20

Henning - People haven't read draft, so maybe we should give people time =
to digest.=20

Henning - BCP-level thing - is it the obligation to verify route at =
every proxy?=20

James - focusing too much on only getting to a PSAP, that's only part of =
the problem. Going from a PSAP to a valid person?

Brian - this would work, because if you hand off, you're still going to =
onother PSAP.

Henning - "I'm an emergency operator, you should check out your =
account". Authorization is more trait-based. Keep this separate because =
issues are different.

James - trait-based assertion is harder on intermediate nodes.

Jonathan - this is a general SIP problem. Every proxy has to have rules =
for routing incoming requests. You're in this framework.=20

Brian??? - problem with 3GPP - request URI has backwards compatibility =
problems if we're not using telephone number.

Dennis Burke? - interest is for routing, not priority?

Henning - solve routing problem first, then make determination about =
whether request URI is sufficient or now.=20

Brian Stucker - has nothing to do with authorization, proxy has to do =
lots of checks anyway before treating the call specially. Don't =
understand combining who I am calling and how I am handling the call. =
Don't agree you have to solve the routing problem first. "This is the =
way I want to be treated", regardless of routing.

(Out of time at this point)
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<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><FONT size=3D3>Hope these are=20
helpful!</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial>Spencer</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><FONT =
size=3D3></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><FONT size=3D3>Emergency Context =
Resolution with=20
Internet Technologies WG (ECRIT) Agenda for IETF 67<BR>TUESDAY, November =
7,=20
2006<BR>1300-1500 Afternoon Session I<BR>Grande Ballroom A<BR><BR>1. =
Agenda=20
Bashing, Document Status and Milestones<BR>Chairs<BR>(15 =
minutes)<BR><BR>No=20
agenda bashing noted<BR><BR>a. =
draft-ietf-ecrit-requirements-12.txt<BR>b.=20
draft-ietf-ecrit-service-urn-05.txt<BR>c.=20
draft-ietf-ecrit-security-threats-03.txt<BR><BR>Have been forwarded to =
the IESG=20
for publication (the good news), may hear back from them (the bad news). =
Proto=20
writeup is all done.<BR><BR>We're running close to our milestones (amaze =
your=20
friends in the IETF).<BR><BR>There is now an unofficial ECRIT blog from =
the=20
supplementary web page, and an implementation tracker page (with mailing =
list -=20
contact chairs to join).<BR><BR>2. Report about the SDO Emergency =
Services=20
Coordination Workshop<BR>Hannes Tschofenig / Marc Linsner<BR>(30=20
minutes)<BR><BR>Acknowledgements to those who helped and=20
participated...<BR><BR>Several links to information are included in the =
slides=20
from this presentation.<BR><BR>More than 30 presentations from various=20
SDOs.<BR><BR></DIV></FONT>
<UL>
  <LI>3GPP - had already had a workshop with 3GPP in July, were already =
aware of=20
  many details, but 3GPP2 also confirmed requirements.</LI>
  <LI>IEEE 802.11 emergency service identification, location, =
unauthenticated=20
  access. </LI>
  <LI>IEEE 802.1AB - link layer discovery protocol and LDP-MED.</LI>
  <LI>Several presentations from ECRIT WG. </LI>
  <LI>PacketCable showed architecture and solutions.</LI>
  <LI>NENA</LI>
  <LI>TIA -TR-45</LI>
  <LI>OMA</LI>
  <LI>ITU-T - focused on early warning, not working on 911</LI>
  <LI>ETSI EMTEL doing requirements,</LI>
  <LI>OCG talked about GML</LI>
  <LI>EU Commission (regulatory framework, player responsibilities in =
our=20
  architecture)</LI>
  <LI>COMCARE pointers to OASIS standards for authority-to-authority=20
  communication,</LI>
  <LI>ESIF NGES talked about NENA i3 requirements and their plans to =
build on=20
  those requirements</LI>
  <LI>ANSI HSSP offered forum for standards and coordination. They are =
also=20
  working on a white paper.</LI>
  <LI>US department of transportation</LI>
  <LI>Emergency Services in Austria - for current VoIP provider</LI>
  <LI>Emergency Services Prototype from Henning.</LI></UL>
<DIV>Major open issues<BR></DIV>
<UL>
  <LI>Architectural</LI>
  <LI>Whether to send location information to the endpoints</LI>
  <LI>Who should develop which protocols</LI>
  <LI>Role of a "global coordinator"</LI></UL>
<DIV>Next Steps<BR></DIV>
<UL>
  <LI>Schedule another workshop in six months</LI>
  <LI>Inform other SDOs about this work</LI>
  <LI>Request feedback from other SDOs about LoST, Phone BCP, etc.</LI>
  <LI>Topic-specific liaisons, if necessary (discuss this with =
IAB)<BR></LI>
  <LI>Perform workshops with SDOs on selected topics - possibly IEEE, =
OMA - IPR=20
  policy incompatibility concerns here<BR></LI></UL>
<DIV>Peter - concerns about streaming from this workshop, poor=20
quality<BR><BR>Henning - versioning problem. Some people are supporting =
existing=20
PSAP architectures, NENE i-2, not i-3 versions.&nbsp; <BR><BR>Marc - i-2 =
is=20
being stretched to cover more environments (mobile, etc, never intended =
to cover=20
these).<BR><BR>Brian - effort in NENA is to get i-3 deployed as quickly =
as=20
possible, but funding issues are serious. Most people differentiate =
between=20
current system and next-gen stuff, redoing entire system. Trying to fund =
this in=20
less than a decade, more optimistic after the meeting. WiMAX folks were=20
worrisome, but they made a connection that didn't exist before the =
meeting. Need=20
to follow up with IEEE/WiMAX, need better communication.<BR><BR>Hannes - =
WiMAX=20
isn't IEEE, it's the user forum, right?<BR><BR>Steve Norris - we have =
the list=20
of problems that need to be solved, but slides didn't capture synergies =
between=20
groups. They vary by timescales, but that's the only difference, this is =
their=20
opportunity to push the world.<BR><BR>Bernard - what liaison does this =
working=20
group want to carry forward? At your disposal if you have a =
plan.<BR><BR>Brian -=20
specific suggestion - joint working group between 3GPP and IETF was =
productive,=20
would like to see same thing with IEEE. <BR><BR>Bernard - could start =
with a=20
conversation. Don't even see IEEE groups talking to each other, so =
there's still=20
work to do.<BR><BR>Jonathan - don't paper over differences between 3GPP =
and=20
other architectures, device moves into another network and simply =
doesn't work.=20
Need some common fallback, etc.<BR><BR>Bernard - look at IAB liaison =
documents -=20
WGs can send letters (with WG consensus) - get things down on paper =
first, where=20
others can look at it<BR><BR>Brian - start with framework document and =
ask for=20
comments, then we can work on details<BR><BR>3. A Location-to-Service=20
Translation Protocol (LoST)<BR>draft-ietf-ecrit-lost-02.txt<BR>Henning=20
Schulzrinne / Andy Newton <BR>(15 minutes)<BR><BR>Pattern now is three =
request=20
elements and response elements<BR><BR>Find service Include attributes =
added to=20
show valid/invalid/unchecked.<BR><BR>Author team met this morning, has=20
additional changes they want to make.<BR><BR>Service Boundary reference =
added=20
for low-bandwidth clients, etc. <BR><BR>Brian - question the use of this =
- if=20
you can't handle a large amount of traffic, you still get it when you=20
dereference?<BR><BR>Henning - not convinced it's a huge advantage, but =
assume=20
service boundaries are political and long-term stable. Retrieve once and =
check=20
for changes.<BR><BR>Andy - don't know if anyone has talked about deltas =
for the=20
deferenced information.<BR><BR>Henning - maybe have a smaller =
description of a=20
simpler polygon - not sure worthwhile to have this =
complexity.<BR><BR>Brian -=20
complexity tradeoff could also be how often you get =
complexity<BR><BR>Andy -=20
interesting in many ways, take this conversation to the list. Like =
Henning's use=20
case, hadn't thought of that before<BR><BR>Hannes - discussed at last =
meeting,=20
people complained, Austria had large polygons. <BR><BR>Henning - don't =
have to=20
get too uptight about protocol complexity here. <BR><BR>Andy - need to =
talk=20
about lifetime of reference, etc.<BR><BR>Unchecked indicator added in =
this=20
version of the spec.<BR><BR>Brian - unchecked is very valuable. On list =
- is=20
there hierarchy?<BR><BR>Location profiles are biggest addition in this =
version=20
of the document. Geo is where the number of identifiers really goes up. =
Multiple=20
namespaces, very flexible.<BR><BR>Rohan - really like this,=20
mandatory-to-implement is a really good thing.<BR><BR>Brian - useful =
enough to=20
replicate to other location users (location conveyance, =
etc.)?<BR><BR>Andy -=20
good point. May want to talk about this. <BR><BR>James - geoshape only =
defines=20
half a dozen shapes - is that reasonable?<BR><BR>Andy - don't think =
everyone=20
supports all the shapes. No one has defined what 3D looks like.Prism =
doesn't=20
exist yet ... the return value is the interesting part. No one has =
defined all=20
the details. <BR><BR>Hannes - ????<BR><BR>Andy - service boundary and =
location=20
element both support multiple namespaces, easily see ??? being=20
added.<BR><BR>MUST IMPLEMENT profiles - geodetic-2D, civid<BR><BR>Client =
must=20
support both 2D and civic responses, servers must implement =
both.<BR><BR>Open=20
issues<BR></DIV>
<UL>
  <LI>Error responses changed.</LI>
  <LI>TTL will be absolute.</LI>
  <LI>"include" effects on caching</LI>
  <LI>Ordering of element names</LI>
  <LI>Order preference of location profiles</LI>
  <LI>Algorithm for adding &lt;via&gt; (was lost)</LI>
  <LI>Loosen uip service value syntax</LI>
  <LI>Signing</LI></UL>
<DIV>Rohan - should have multiple display names, will post to issue=20
tracker<BR><BR>Andy - good suggestion.<BR><BR>Want to separate errors =
from=20
warnings, SIP interaction will be specified in another =
document.<BR><BR>Steve=20
Norris - still worried about this - person making emergency call needs =
to do=20
something, but they will be panicing. Machine can do this, but people =
behave=20
strangely<BR><BR>Henning - want to return something useful if possible, =
but may=20
be nothing useful to return (invalid country code, etc). Hope is that we =
don't=20
need to do this at call time. What if there's no emergency equipment =
there?=20
Errors come in several flavors (don't understand specific request, don't =

understand location information). If you can return a default value, =
please do=20
that. <BR><BR>Andy - benefits no one to return an answer with an=20
error.<BR><BR>Authors think errors/warnngs make more sense, enable =
resolver data=20
insertion, move to absolute TTL to accommodate D-SIG (just not in this=20
pass).<BR><BR>There is a difference between asking about locations and =
asking=20
what services are supported for the location.<BR><BR>Ted - making =
location=20
option seemed to be the right thing to so, please check =
this<BR><BR>Brian - big=20
step forward, still have a hole about finding servers in the=20
forest.<BR><BR>Henning- charter date for this item, want to get this =
work done.=20
Addressed all known issues? Second - create new document, not even =
chartered=20
yet.&nbsp; This is a synchronization problem. Not THAT complicated, =
needs to be=20
done.<BR><BR>Andy document will go to WGLC soon (couple of =
weeks?)<BR><BR>Keith=20
- geopriv issue, still have no way to map areas to protocols. =
<BR><BR>Henning -=20
author team talked on this, not on these slides. Will do the same thing =
as SIP -=20
when we change protocols, we add a flag.<BR><BR>Keith - ???<BR><BR>Marc =
- how=20
many people understand this draft? Not many - please comment soon! want =
WGLC=20
before too much longer.<BR><BR>Hannes - need some expert reviewers. =
<BR><BR>4.=20
Location-to-URL Mapping Architecture and=20
Framework<BR>draft-ietf-ecrit-mapping-arch-00<BR>Henning =
Schulzrinne<BR>(15=20
minutes)<BR><BR>Document hasn't changed much, so these are upcoming=20
changes.<BR><BR>Two-minute refresher...<BR><BR>Resolvers know forest =
guides, not=20
trees.<BR><BR>Forest guides are neutral arbitrators. <BR><BR>Individual =
"trees"=20
will share information.<BR><BR>Caching required for resiliency, at =
multiple=20
levels. <BR><BR>Basic text is stable, need to generalize to multiple =
services,=20
need to move operational guidance to BCP. WGLC after next revision=20
(01).<BR><BR>Brian - don't know protocols are right until I see the =
architecture=20
<BR><BR>(grabbing volunteer reviewers)<BR><BR>Andy - don't think we need =
to see=20
this document to do the protocol.<BR><BR>Brian - this is so basic... =
needs to=20
correctly reflect the protocol.<BR><BR>Henning - we can panic later if =
this=20
document is really late.<BR><BR>Jonathan - with Brian - this is hard =
stuff,=20
should take a look later.<BR><BR>5. Framework for Emergency=20
Calling<BR>draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 <BR>Brian Rosen, Henning =
Schulzrinne,=20
Andrew Newton, James Polk<BR>(15 minutes)<BR><BR>Should not have any =
normative=20
text in this document (please let Brian know if you see any). =
<BR><BR>Changed=20
terminology. Need to update to match LoST 02.<BR><BR>Open issues - =
marking,=20
insufficient review. Want to make sure the document is right, means what =
it=20
says.<BR><BR>Hannes - finished by December? Solicit feedback from =
external=20
organizations, need time for this. <BR><BR>Expert reviewers? =
Peter?&nbsp; Steve?=20
yes.<BR><BR>Andy - marking is in framework document?<BR><BR>Brian - yes, =
but=20
normative is in phone BCP.<BR><BR>Andy - can we come to resolution here? =
If we=20
have time.<BR><BR>Keith - anything special about call-back? Do we mark =
these as=20
special? <BR><BR>Brian - don't think this is completely =
specified.<BR><BR>6.=20
Best Current Practice for Communications Services in support of =
Emergency=20
Calling<BR>draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00.txt<BR>James Polk / Brian =
Rosen<BR>(15=20
minutes)<BR><BR>Updating to reflect mechanism changes in LoST<BR><BR>No =
open=20
issues, but marking will lead to changes. <BR><BR>Don't need expert =
review, but=20
please read the documents.<BR><BR>Keith - document requires you to =
reveal your=20
identity, unless you are using an anonymizer. <BR><BR>Peter - document =
structure=20
- another BCP on system side and infrastructure? <BR><BR>Brian - clients =
and=20
servers in this document - could rename the document to reflect this, =
don't=20
think we're breaking document into two parts. Should give guidance to =
anyone to=20
show what they must do with this stuff.<BR><BR>7. A DHCP based LoST =
Discovery=20
Procedure<BR>draft-polk-ecrit-dhc-lost-discovery-01.txt<BR>Henning =
Schulzrinne /=20
James Polk<BR>(5 minutes)<BR><BR>DHC will be one of several such =
mechanisms=20
(like SIP configuration, Geopriv on list discovery, etc.). <BR><BR>Draft =
is one=20
powerpoint bullet - one domain name, no IP addresses or anything else. =
You do=20
translation before you send request.<BR><BR>Doman name representation =
has been=20
worked out with DHC chairs.<BR><BR>Assume exactly one LoST server, use =
NAPTR for=20
multiple servers.<BR><BR>Need to do joint last call with DHC, no =
dependencies on=20
anything else.<BR><BR>DHC will do review at the end of our =
process.<BR><BR>Who=20
has read the draft? A few.<BR><BR>Progress as WG item? Humms - many yes, =
no "no"=20
humms.<BR><BR>8. IANA Registering a SIP Resource Priority Header =
<BR>Namespace=20
for Local Emergency=20
Communications<BR>draft-polk-ecrit-local-emergency-rph-namespace-00<BR>Ja=
mes=20
Polk<BR>(5 minutes) <BR><BR>Indications for mesages - had a spare four =
hours and=20
wrote this draft, just a new resource priority namespace, didn't propose =
a=20
specific namespace, but there are several alternatives, don't care=20
which.<BR><BR>Just floating the idea - resource priority took six years, =
need to=20
start now.<BR><BR>NENA needs this.<BR><BR>Requires standards-track=20
RFC.<BR><BR>Multiple priorities? in the draft, not a solid proposal.=20
<BR><BR>4412 goal is not to have lots of name spaces, so looking to=20
consolidate.<BR><BR>Jonathan - worries about this for users making =
calls. We=20
already have marking on the call, can't allow this if call isn't =
emergency call,=20
so it should already be marked.<BR><BR>James - Brian and I agree, this =
is the=20
alternative marking proposal.<BR><BR>Jonathan - mark me =
opposed!<BR><BR>Henning=20
- objection on mailing list - conflating user authority and forwarding =
authority=20
- need one namespace. Be careful - marking emergency calls has a lot of =
side=20
effects, bundle so you can't get one without the other. SIP has lots of =
headers=20
already. Don't look at details of this proposal, look at broader marking =

discussion.<BR><BR>Brian Stucker - callbacks don't suffer from huge=20
authorization problem, don't have other considerations for =
this.<BR><BR>Brian -=20
useful for call-in/call-out, asking for resource priority, do have some=20
redundancy, but they mean different things and have different=20
effects.<BR><BR>Janet - these namespaces are not expected to be used for =

PSAP-PSAP or PSAP-first responders.<BR><BR>Steve Norris - would all be =
marked in=20
the same way and treated the same way - we have two kinds of marking =
(off and=20
on).<BR><BR>Ted - understand issue Jonathan raised and agree. If you =
aren't also=20
going to service URN as a target, this shouldn't work, but ... there is =
a tight=20
binding here.<BR><BR>Jonathan - when you have two things that have to be =
the=20
same, then you're introducing error conditions where they aren't the=20
same.<BR><BR>Ted - is inferring this sufficient?<BR><BR>Henning - last =
thing we=20
want to do is fail the call - at least handle at normal priority, not=20
drop.<BR><BR>MARKING DISCUSSION - HENNING<BR><BR>Marking needs to =
survive=20
translations (redirections, etc.). Would be nice to ensure that only =
emergency=20
calls get this marking, so you can never call your aunt as an emergency =
call=20
unless she works at a PSAP - these are two core =
requirements.<BR><BR>Request=20
URI, To URI, special header, caller preferences, parameter - these are =
the=20
possibilities.<BR><BR>Brian - Route? <BR><BR>Henning - probably not, =
identiies=20
PSAP but not marking.<BR><BR>Choices seem to be request URI and route=20
header.<BR><BR>Steve Norris - separation of marker from routing. You =
could do=20
reconciliation. Lots of operator systems in UK, but not emergency calls. =

<BR><BR>Henning - this was first requirement. <BR><BR>Jonathan - only =
thing you=20
use is the marker that says "going to PSAP" - this is the request URI.=20
<BR><BR>Henning - People haven't read draft, so maybe we should give =
people time=20
to digest. <BR><BR>Henning - BCP-level thing - is it the obligation to =
verify=20
route at every proxy? <BR><BR>James - focusing too much on only getting =
to a=20
PSAP, that's only part of the problem. Going from a PSAP to a valid=20
person?<BR><BR>Brian - this would work, because if you hand off, you're =
still=20
going to onother PSAP.<BR><BR>Henning - "I'm an emergency operator, you =
should=20
check out your account". Authorization is more trait-based. Keep this =
separate=20
because issues are different.<BR><BR>James - trait-based assertion is =
harder on=20
intermediate nodes.<BR><BR>Jonathan - this is a general SIP problem. =
Every proxy=20
has to have rules for routing incoming requests. You're in this =
framework.=20
<BR><BR>Brian??? - problem with 3GPP - request URI has backwards =
compatibility=20
problems if we're not using telephone number.<BR><BR>Dennis Burke? - =
interest is=20
for routing, not priority?<BR><BR>Henning - solve routing problem first, =
then=20
make determination about whether request URI is sufficient or now. =
<BR><BR>Brian=20
Stucker - has nothing to do with authorization, proxy has to do lots of =
checks=20
anyway before treating the call specially. Don't understand combining =
who I am=20
calling and how I am handling the call. Don't agree you have to solve =
the=20
routing problem first. "This is the way I want to be treated", =
regardless of=20
routing.<BR><BR>(Out of time at this point)</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From: "Rosen, Brian" <Brian.Rosen@neustar.biz>
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One thing not handled by UA loose route is to differentiate the case
where an emergency call has been detected, but no route has yet been
determined.=20

Consider:

INVITE urn:service:sos
To: 911@example.com
Route: e-cscf.example.com

From
INVITE urn:service:sos
To: 911@example.com
Route: psap@nyc.ny.us

The first is an example where the (forgive me) P-CSCF did dialstring
recognition for a really dumb UA, but the E-CSCF has not yet routed the
call using LoST.  In the second, it has.  The only difference is the
actual URI in the Route header. =20

I'm concerned that the only way to determine if LoST routing has been
done is to do it again and analyze the Route headers.  Not a good plan I
would think.

INVITE urn:service:sos
To: urn:service:sos
Route: p-cscf.example.com
Route: psap@nyc.ny.us

This is what I would think the UA that does its own dialstring and LoST
routing would put out.

Do we need a "dip indicator"?

Brian

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I'm not sure this is a problem. In the first case, the E-CSCF will do  
the LoST dip and is indeed the destination of the route. Thus, it  
clearly has to do *something*. It only has to recognize itself, as  
per normal Route behavior.

On Nov 7, 2006, at 3:44 PM, Rosen, Brian wrote:

> One thing not handled by UA loose route is to differentiate the case
> where an emergency call has been detected, but no route has yet been
> determined.
>
> Consider:
>
> INVITE urn:service:sos
> To: 911@example.com
> Route: e-cscf.example.com
>
> From
> INVITE urn:service:sos
> To: 911@example.com
> Route: psap@nyc.ny.us
>
> The first is an example where the (forgive me) P-CSCF did dialstring
> recognition for a really dumb UA, but the E-CSCF has not yet routed  
> the
> call using LoST.  In the second, it has.  The only difference is the
> actual URI in the Route header.
>
> I'm concerned that the only way to determine if LoST routing has been
> done is to do it again and analyze the Route headers.  Not a good  
> plan I
> would think.
>
> INVITE urn:service:sos
> To: urn:service:sos
> Route: p-cscf.example.com
> Route: psap@nyc.ny.us
>
> This is what I would think the UA that does its own dialstring and  
> LoST
> routing would put out.
>
> Do we need a "dip indicator"?
>
> Brian
> <winmail.dat>


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I agree with Henning that there is no worries if there is only one 
entity that queries the
LoST on the signaling path, that the indicator is not necessary. But if 
there is more
than one entity including the originator doing the LoST query, not 
having the dip indicator
can impose some issues(delay, in case later dip fails etc.)..

 I really don't know if this is an issue, but may be..

 Regards
  Shida

Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
> I'm not sure this is a problem. In the first case, the E-CSCF will do 
> the LoST dip and is indeed the destination of the route. Thus, it 
> clearly has to do *something*. It only has to recognize itself, as per 
> normal Route behavior.
>
> On Nov 7, 2006, at 3:44 PM, Rosen, Brian wrote:
>
>> One thing not handled by UA loose route is to differentiate the case
>> where an emergency call has been detected, but no route has yet been
>> determined.
>>
>> Consider:
>>
>> INVITE urn:service:sos
>> To: 911@example.com
>> Route: e-cscf.example.com
>>
>> From
>> INVITE urn:service:sos
>> To: 911@example.com
>> Route: psap@nyc.ny.us
>>
>> The first is an example where the (forgive me) P-CSCF did dialstring
>> recognition for a really dumb UA, but the E-CSCF has not yet routed the
>> call using LoST.  In the second, it has.  The only difference is the
>> actual URI in the Route header.
>>
>> I'm concerned that the only way to determine if LoST routing has been
>> done is to do it again and analyze the Route headers.  Not a good plan I
>> would think.
>>
>> INVITE urn:service:sos
>> To: urn:service:sos
>> Route: p-cscf.example.com
>> Route: psap@nyc.ny.us
>>
>> This is what I would think the UA that does its own dialstring and LoST
>> routing would put out.
>>
>> Do we need a "dip indicator"?
>>
>> Brian
>> <winmail.dat>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
>
>


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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Tue Nov 07 19:40:19 2006
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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Re: UA Loose Route mechanism as Marking
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I think this recurses: The first LoST-querying proxy inserts a route,  
which directs the request to a second proxy (say, state-level).  
There, that second proxy, the one identified in the Route header,  
repeats the mapping, maybe yielding the county proxy. And so on. As  
long as the general rule is that the destination of the Route does  
the lookup, things should work automatically. (I don't think you want  
some entity in the middle of the route list to do the lookup,  
essentially overriding the existing route, but that's more of a  
policy issue.) Clearly, that last proxy has to do the lookup, since  
it has run out of other indications of where to send the request.

Henning

On Nov 7, 2006, at 4:28 PM, Shida Schubert wrote:

>
> I agree with Henning that there is no worries if there is only one  
> entity that queries the
> LoST on the signaling path, that the indicator is not necessary.  
> But if there is more
> than one entity including the originator doing the LoST query, not  
> having the dip indicator
> can impose some issues(delay, in case later dip fails etc.)..
>
> I really don't know if this is an issue, but may be..
>
> Regards
>  Shida
>
> Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
>> I'm not sure this is a problem. In the first case, the E-CSCF will  
>> do the LoST dip and is indeed the destination of the route. Thus,  
>> it clearly has to do *something*. It only has to recognize itself,  
>> as per normal Route behavior.
>>
>> On Nov 7, 2006, at 3:44 PM, Rosen, Brian wrote:
>>
>>> One thing not handled by UA loose route is to differentiate the case
>>> where an emergency call has been detected, but no route has yet been
>>> determined.
>>>
>>> Consider:
>>>
>>> INVITE urn:service:sos
>>> To: 911@example.com
>>> Route: e-cscf.example.com
>>>
>>> From
>>> INVITE urn:service:sos
>>> To: 911@example.com
>>> Route: psap@nyc.ny.us
>>>
>>> The first is an example where the (forgive me) P-CSCF did dialstring
>>> recognition for a really dumb UA, but the E-CSCF has not yet  
>>> routed the
>>> call using LoST.  In the second, it has.  The only difference is the
>>> actual URI in the Route header.
>>>
>>> I'm concerned that the only way to determine if LoST routing has  
>>> been
>>> done is to do it again and analyze the Route headers.  Not a good  
>>> plan I
>>> would think.
>>>
>>> INVITE urn:service:sos
>>> To: urn:service:sos
>>> Route: p-cscf.example.com
>>> Route: psap@nyc.ny.us
>>>
>>> This is what I would think the UA that does its own dialstring  
>>> and LoST
>>> routing would put out.
>>>
>>> Do we need a "dip indicator"?
>>>
>>> Brian
>>> <winmail.dat>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Ecrit mailing list
>> Ecrit@ietf.org
>> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit
>>
>>


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From: Henning Schulzrinne <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Changes in LoST -02
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> On Nov 5, 2006, at 6:39 PM, Shida Schubert wrote:
>> 1. Now that the protocol is allowed to carry more than 1 location  
>> information
>>     in the findservice query, it may be a good idea to indicate  
>> which location was
>>     used to find out the URIs.
>>     > Otherwise I don't see how a server(proxy etc.) would be able  
>> to cache a response and
>>         later correlate it to a new request.
>
> Though I cannot see it in the draft, I thought there was wording  
> about the ordering of the <location> elements to indicate  
> preference and likewise in the response.  That would resolve the  
> issue above.  But you are correct, we need to be able to indicate  
> which location profile was used for the answer.

Given the previous discussion, it might be helpful to add that we  
clearly don't want to allow a LoST request to describe multiple  
points or even in different notations (civic and geo, say).



>
>> 2. Last paragraph in section 1 talks about how LoST is able to  
>> provide list of services that
>>     are provided in the location requested. Does this always hold  
>> true? I can see that the server
>>     is able to provide a list of services that the server in  
>> question can provide but I don't see
>>     how server will be aware of all the services that is provided  
>> in the area.. (What if service
>>     X is provided at a state level but service Y is provided at a  
>> city level??)
>
> Good question.  I think that a <listServices> query would not reach  
> an authoritative server.  It would always either be answered by a  
> caching resolver via how it was configured to do resolution or from  
> information from a forrest guide.

I agree that this needs clarification. There are really two separate  
questions:

(1) What (top-level) services can a server handle? Each top-level  
service is likely to have its own forest guide, so asking my local  
emergency-only resolver for urn:service:restaurant isn't likely to be  
useful.

This would be <listServices> without a location.

(2) What specific services are available for a particular region?  
This would have to travel to the authoritative server, unless the  
resolver has cached the answer to the <listServices> query for that  
particular region.

This calls for more description, assuming we agree on these two  
functions.



>
>> 6. Can client put an asterisk to indicate it wants all the  
>> possible information LoST server
>>     can provide in "include" attribute.
>
> I'll see if we can do this.  It shouldn't be too hard in the Relax NG.

We need to define what omitting 'include' means. We could define that  
no include means "give me everything you got".

>
>> 10. I don't understand why <getServiceBoundary> needs to be  
>> defined. Can't
>>      we just use the findService and have include
>
> The include attribute in <findService> specifies either  
> serviceBoundary or serviceBoundaryReference.  This allows a client  
> to retrieve the service boundary in a separate message using the  
> <getServiceBoundary> query.  This might be useful in networks with  
> low bandwidth with service boundaries that might take a lot to  
> express.

To amplify this: service boundaries can be 8000 bytes long, based on  
our county boundary examples. This is large enough that it might be  
an issue for mobile devices.



>
>> 11. <getServiceBoundary> does not have the serviceURN in question.  
>> I am assuming
>>      that with LoST server possibly providing different services,  
>> each services can also
>>      have different boundary. If so the request and response  
>> should have the relevant
>>      service.
>
> The key should be good enough.  If a server wants to implement the  
> creating of the key with the URN embedded in the key, then it is  
> free to do so.  Though perhaps we should relax the regex to allow  
> this.  Thanks for pointing this out.
>

The important properties are (probabilistically) global uniqueness  
and opaqueness, along with easy byte-by-byte comparison. For example,  
if somebody uses a URN, the recipient should not have to understand  
the URN scheme. In the interest of simplicity, I don't see great  
advantage of allowing more than just base-64 characters or even just  
the DNS ASCII character subset [A-Z0-9-], as opposed to, say, full  
UTF-8.

Henning

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At 6:58 PM -0800 11/7/06, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
>>>6. Can client put an asterisk to indicate it wants all the possible information LoST server
>>>    can provide in "include" attribute.
>>
>>I'll see if we can do this.  It shouldn't be too hard in the Relax NG.
>
>We need to define what omitting 'include' means. We could define that no include means "give me everything you got".

What would that mean to a proxy?  "Give me everything you currently know."
(which might be limited to things previous clients had <include>ed ) or
"Give me everything, doing whatever discovery would be required"?

					Ted

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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Changes in LoST -02
Date: Wed, 8 Nov 2006 11:15:07 -0800
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>

Thinking about this a bit more, I'm actually somewhat worried that  
such an option could be dangerous if future optional objects are  
large. Including things the receiver can't parse isn't too helpful  
and the semantics of "include at least this, but return more if you  
have it" already addresses the caching concerns.

Maybe we should step back and ask what this would be needed for.

> What would that mean to a proxy?  "Give me everything you currently  
> know."
> (which might be limited to things previous clients had  
> <include>ed ) or
> "Give me everything, doing whatever discovery would be required"?
>
> 					Ted


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Should there be a query flag that allows a seeker to specify that it  
would like the resolver to obtain an authoritative answer  
(recursively) from the authoritative mapping server (AMS), rather  
than a cached answer?

In favor:
    Can bypass broken caches and allows easier debugging.

Against:
   (1) Possibly dangerous tool that exposes the tree infrastructure  
to a much higher load if used indiscriminately.
   (2) Can be approximated by redirect mode.


Henning

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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] LoST issue: authoritative answer only, please
Date: Wed, 8 Nov 2006 14:06:09 -0800
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Recreating the problems that DNS has with recursion for this protocol 
seems unwise, especially just as draft-ietf-dnsop-reflectors-are-evil 
is in Last Call in DNS-OP.

At the very least, any recursion-desired flag should be accompanied by 
a flag that indicates the server's recursion-available status.  If this 
approach is taken, the advice for mitigating denial-of-service in 
"reflectors-are-evil" should be included.

John

On Nov 8, 2006, at 11:19 AM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:

> Should there be a query flag that allows a seeker to specify that it 
> would like the resolver to obtain an authoritative answer 
> (recursively) from the authoritative mapping server (AMS), rather than 
> a cached answer?
>
> In favor:
>    Can bypass broken caches and allows easier debugging.
>
> Against:
>   (1) Possibly dangerous tool that exposes the tree infrastructure to 
> a much higher load if used indiscriminately.
>   (2) Can be approximated by redirect mode.
>

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From: Henning Schulzrinne <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
Subject: Re: [Ecrit] LoST issue: authoritative answer only, please
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Please note in the introduction of that draft:

asides perhaps the fact that DNS relies heavily on
    UDP, the easy abuse of which is at the source of the problem.

Currently, only TCP has been specified as a transport protocol,  
although we've obviously had proposals to provide LoST-over-UDP as  
well. Any such proposals presumably would have to worry about the  
reflector attacks mentioned in the draft you cite. Thanks for  
providing the reference.


On Nov 8, 2006, at 2:06 PM, John Schnizlein wrote:

> Recreating the problems that DNS has with recursion for this  
> protocol seems unwise, especially just as draft-ietf-dnsop- 
> reflectors-are-evil is in Last Call in DNS-OP.
>
> At the very least, any recursion-desired flag should be accompanied  
> by a flag that indicates the server's recursion-available status.   
> If this approach is taken, the advice for mitigating denial-of- 
> service in "reflectors-are-evil" should be included.
>
> John
>
> On Nov 8, 2006, at 11:19 AM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
>
>> Should there be a query flag that allows a seeker to specify that  
>> it would like the resolver to obtain an authoritative answer  
>> (recursively) from the authoritative mapping server (AMS), rather  
>> than a cached answer?
>>
>> In favor:
>>    Can bypass broken caches and allows easier debugging.
>>
>> Against:
>>   (1) Possibly dangerous tool that exposes the tree infrastructure  
>> to a much higher load if used indiscriminately.
>>   (2) Can be approximated by redirect mode.
>>


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Subject: [Ecrit] Any desire to indicate who inserted location in a message?
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ECRIT

[sent again, as the last one hasn't appeared, yet my test message did 
immediately]

I'm working on the ABNF of the Geolocation header for SIP location 
conveyance, and have discovered a means of indicating which entity 
(currently by type) inserted the location *at*that*URI*, per URI in the 
header  (i.e. this will be a header parameter, not a URI parameter).

For example, if a SIP message includes location-by-value, the Geolocation 
header would have a "cid:" URI that can have a header parameter to indicate 
whether the original phone ( SIP UAC) inserted the by-value location, which 
would be different than if an intermediary server (say a SIP proxy) inserts 
location by-reference.  Here, the Geolocation header would have a reference 
URI, which can indicate that a intermediary (and not the original phone) 
inserted the location.

Here is an example in which there are two locations in a message:

    Geolocation: <cid:alice123@atlanta.example.com ;inserted-by=uac>,
                 <sips:3sdefrhy2jj7@lis.atlanta.com ;inserted-by=proxy>

The above header has 2 locations (one by-value, inserted by the phone) and 
one inserted by a proxy along the signaling path.

An interesting facet of this is the ability to indicate which location the 
message was routed on if a message has multiple locations.  I know this has 
been asked for over the years in both Geopriv and ECRIT. Here is what that 
additional header parameter could look like (notice the "message-routed-on" 
parameter associated with the location-by-reference):

    Geolocation: <cid:alice123@atlanta.example.com ;inserted-by=uac>,
                 <sips:3sdefrhy2jj7@lis.atlanta.com ;inserted-by=proxy
                 ;message-routed-on>

This plays directly to the open issue we have had for some time in the case 
of more than one location within a message, answering "who inserted which 
location?" and "which was used to route the message?".

[ BTW - I'm posting similar messages to this one on the GEOPRIV, ECRIT and 
SIP lists, but not doing one large cross-posting message - as this idea has 
to get multi-list visibility]

Is this a desireable feature/function (indication)?

James 

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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Wed Nov 08 18:38:40 2006
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Hi all,

during the ECRIT meeting today we selected a few expert reviews for our 
documents:

* LoST: Jonathan Rosenberg, Tom Taylor, Shida Schubert, Steve Norreys

* LoST Mapping Architecture: Cullen Jennings, Rohan Mahy, Murugaraj 
Shanmugam, Richard Barnes

* Framework for Emergency Calling: Jonathan Rosenberg, Peter 
Blatherwick, Steve Norreys

We would like to thank these persons in advance. Their work will 
obviously appropriately acknowledged in the respective drafts.

Ciao
Hannes & Marc




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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Wed Nov 08 21:15:14 2006
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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] LoST issue: authoritative answer only, please
Date: Wed, 8 Nov 2006 21:14:16 -0500
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On Nov 8, 2006, at 2:19 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:

> Should there be a query flag that allows a seeker to specify that  
> it would like the resolver to obtain an authoritative answer  
> (recursively) from the authoritative mapping server (AMS), rather  
> than a cached answer?

Considering that a resolver may just disallow/ignore this flag for  
load purposes, I don't think it is worth it.  Plus, if a seeker  
really needs this type of information, then it could use the  
information in the <via> to do its own investigation.  I don't see  
this flag of use in normal operation.

-andy
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<HTML><BODY style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -kht=
ml-line-break: after-white-space; "><BR><DIV><DIV>On Nov 8, 2006, at 2:19=
 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:</DIV><BR class=3D"Apple-interchange-newli=
ne"><BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px=
"><FONT face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica">Sh=
ould there be a query flag that allows a seeker to specify that it would =
like the resolver to obtain an authoritative answer (recursively) from th=
e authoritative mapping server (AMS), rather than a cached answer?</FONT>=
</P> </BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR><DIV>Considering that a resolver may just dis=
allow/ignore this flag for load purposes, I don't think it is worth it.=A0=
 Plus, if a seeker really needs this type of information, then it could u=
se the information in the &lt;via&gt; to do its own investigation.=A0 I d=
on't see this flag of use in normal operation.</DIV><DIV><BR class=3D"kht=
ml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>-andy</DIV></BODY></HTML>
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Subject: [Ecrit] Any desire to indicate who inserted location in a message?
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ECRIT

I'm working on the ABNF of the Geolocation header for SIP location 
conveyance, and have discovered a means of indicating which entity 
(currently by type) inserted the location *at*that*URI*, per URI in the 
header  (i.e. this will be a header parameter, not a URI parameter).

For example, if a SIP message includes location-by-value, the Geolocation 
header would have a "cid:" URI that can have a header parameter to indicate 
whether the original phone ( SIP UAC) inserted the by-value location, which 
would be different than if an intermediary server (say a SIP proxy) inserts 
location by-reference.  Here, the Geolocation header would have a reference 
URI, which can indicate that a intermediary (and not the original phone) 
inserted the location.

Here is an example in which there are two locations in a message:

    Geolocation: <cid:alice123@atlanta.example.com ;inserted-by=uac>,
                 <sips:3sdefrhy2jj7@lis.atlanta.com ;inserted-by=proxy>

The above header has 2 locations (one by-value, inserted by the phone) and 
one inserted by a proxy along the signaling path.

An interesting facet of this is the ability to indicate which location the 
message was routed on if a message has multiple locations.  I know this has 
been asked for over the years in both Geopriv and ECRIT. Here is what that 
additional header parameter could look like (notice the "message-routed-on" 
parameter associated with the location-by-reference):

    Geolocation: <cid:alice123@atlanta.example.com ;inserted-by=uac>,
                 <sips:3sdefrhy2jj7@lis.atlanta.com ;inserted-by=proxy
                 ;message-routed-on>

This plays directly to the open issue we have had for some time in the case 
of more than one location within a message, answering "who inserted which 
location?" and "which was used to route the message?".

[ BTW - I'm posting similar messages to this one on the GEOPRIV, ECRIT and 
SIP lists, but not doing one large cross-posting message - as this idea has 
to get multi-list visibility]

Is this a desireable feature/function (indication)?

James

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Thread-Topic: Proposed conference call on IETF/3GPP emergency call
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Between 3GPP / ETSI TISPAN and IETF ECRIT we have some key convergence
issues we could do with discussing. I am therefore proposing to host the
following conference call to see if we can come up with some ideas we
could progress this with.

Documentation
-------------

The 3GPP stage 2 is contained in:
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/23167.htm

The 3GPP stage 3 is contained in:
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/24229.htm
Specifically sections 5.1.6, 5.2.10, 5.4.8 and 5.11.

The TISPAN stage 2, which is an endorsement of the above is (ETSI TS
182009 - if the link does not work):
http://pda.etsi.org/PDA/copy_file.asp?Action_type=3D&Action_Nb=3D&Profile=
_id
=3DQjgue5axQBa7L4A86'9Ao&Wki_Id=3D7ooWqIsa1YnpntptUveYX

The IETF documents are:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00.txt

And the normative references from these.

Conference details
------------------

Details for the call are as follows:

Date: Wednesday 15th November
Time:	8:00 am Central US time
	9:00 am Eastern US time
	2:00 pm UK time
	3:00 pm Central European time
	4:00 pm Finland
I will leave others to extrapolate for other locations.

Chairperson Name:  KEITH DRAGE
Company:  LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES READY ACCESS Access Phone Number:
8007718734 International Access Phone Number:  +1 6477233953 7-Digit
Access Code:  5776249=20

Participation
-------------
I am circulating this mail to participants in 3GPP SA2, 3GPP CT1, ETSI
TISPAN WG2, ETSI TISPAN WG3, IETF ECRIT. If you know someone who should
be involved, please forward this email.

This is an open conference call. The conference bridge is good up to
about 50 ports. However this will not be a tutorial. You will be
expected to have a working knowledge of at least some of the key
documents.=20

I will attempt to ensure we have some notes of the discussions to
circulate.

It would help to send me a mail indicating you intend to participate, if
only to ensure that I get your name spelled right on the notes.

Keith


Keith Drage
Lucent Technologies
drage@lucent.com
tel: +44 1793 776249

_______________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [Ecrit] Any desire to indicate who inserted location in a message?
Date: Thu, 9 Nov 2006 11:02:19 -0600
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From: "Dolly, Martin C, ALABS" <mdolly@att.com>
To: "James M. Polk" <jmpolk@cisco.com>, <ecrit@ietf.org>
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James,

I believe this would be a useful capability

Martin=20

-----Original Message-----
From: James M. Polk [mailto:jmpolk@cisco.com]=20
Sent: Wednesday, November 08, 2006 4:00 PM
To: 'ecrit@ietf.org'
Subject: [Ecrit] Any desire to indicate who inserted location in a
message?

ECRIT

I'm working on the ABNF of the Geolocation header for SIP location=20
conveyance, and have discovered a means of indicating which entity=20
(currently by type) inserted the location *at*that*URI*, per URI in the=20
header  (i.e. this will be a header parameter, not a URI parameter).

For example, if a SIP message includes location-by-value, the
Geolocation=20
header would have a "cid:" URI that can have a header parameter to
indicate=20
whether the original phone ( SIP UAC) inserted the by-value location,
which=20
would be different than if an intermediary server (say a SIP proxy)
inserts=20
location by-reference.  Here, the Geolocation header would have a
reference=20
URI, which can indicate that a intermediary (and not the original phone)

inserted the location.

Here is an example in which there are two locations in a message:

    Geolocation: <cid:alice123@atlanta.example.com ;inserted-by=3Duac>,
                 <sips:3sdefrhy2jj7@lis.atlanta.com =
;inserted-by=3Dproxy>

The above header has 2 locations (one by-value, inserted by the phone)
and=20
one inserted by a proxy along the signaling path.

An interesting facet of this is the ability to indicate which location
the=20
message was routed on if a message has multiple locations.  I know this
has=20
been asked for over the years in both Geopriv and ECRIT. Here is what
that=20
additional header parameter could look like (notice the
"message-routed-on"=20
parameter associated with the location-by-reference):

    Geolocation: <cid:alice123@atlanta.example.com ;inserted-by=3Duac>,
                 <sips:3sdefrhy2jj7@lis.atlanta.com ;inserted-by=3Dproxy
                 ;message-routed-on>

This plays directly to the open issue we have had for some time in the
case=20
of more than one location within a message, answering "who inserted
which=20
location?" and "which was used to route the message?".

[ BTW - I'm posting similar messages to this one on the GEOPRIV, ECRIT
and=20
SIP lists, but not doing one large cross-posting message - as this idea
has=20
to get multi-list visibility]

Is this a desireable feature/function (indication)?

James

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A repeat of the conference call information and some discussion points
at the end of the mail.

Documentation
-------------

The 3GPP stage 2 is contained in:
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/23167.htm

You may also wish to browse 23.271 referenced from this document.

The 3GPP stage 3 is contained in:
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/24229.htm
Specifically sections 5.1.6, 5.2.10, 5.4.8 and 5.11.

The TISPAN stage 2, which is an endorsement of the above is (ETSI TS
182009 - if the link does not work):
http://pda.etsi.org/PDA/copy_file.asp?Action_type=3D&Action_Nb=3D&Profile=
_id
=3DQjgue5axQBa7L4A86'9Ao&Wki_Id=3D7ooWqIsa1YnpntptUveYX

The IETF documents are:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00.txt

And the normative references from these.

Conference details
------------------

Details for the call are as follows:

Date: Wednesday 15th November
Time:	8:00 am Central US time
	9:00 am Eastern US time
	2:00 pm UK time
	3:00 pm Central European time
	4:00 pm Finland
I will leave others to extrapolate for other locations.

Expected duration: 2 hours - if we need longer we will organise follow
call(s).

Chairperson Name:  KEITH DRAGE
Company:  LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES READY ACCESS Access Phone Number:
8007718734 International Access Phone Number:  +1 6477233953 7-Digit
Access Code:  5776249=20

Participation
-------------
I am circulating this mail to participants in 3GPP SA2, 3GPP CT1, ETSI
TISPAN WG2, ETSI TISPAN WG3, IETF ECRIT. If you know someone who should
be involved, please forward this email.

This is an open conference call. The conference bridge is good up to
about 50 ports. However this will not be a tutorial. You will be
expected to have a working knowledge of at least some of the key
documents.=20

I will attempt to ensure we have some notes of the discussions to
circulate.

It would help to send me a mail indicating you intend to participate, if
only to ensure that I get your name spelled right on the notes.
Terminology
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

The 3GPP E-CSCF and the IETF ECRIT ESRP (Emergency Service Routeing
Proxy) appear to be roughly compatible in functionality. Note that the
3GPP P-CSCF also has to recognise emergency calls in order to route them
to the E-CSCF.

Discussion points (no particular order and some are minor)
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

I did a quick work through of the documents to identify areas where
things are different, or just not covered, and should therefore be
discussed. We may want to skip minor issues until later.

A)	LCP
---------

draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 4:
Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 5.5:

   For devices that operate on a network where the network operator
   controls the specification of every device connected to that network
   that could be used for emergency calls, the method by which location
   is determined need not be an IETF standard, but can be any method
   that achieves the desired result.  Such a method MUST be specified,
   and every device MUST support it.

   For all other devices, location configuration by DHCP, [Placeholder
   for L7 LCP] and LLDP-MED MUST be supported.  DHCP [RFC2131] has been
   enhanced to provide the location of a device.  [RFC3825] describes
   how a geo-location (lat/lon/alt) may be obtained and
   [I-D.schulzrinne-geopriv-dhcp-civil] describes how a civic (street
   address) location can be obtained via DHCP.

   ...

   For devices that operate on a network where the network operator does
   not control the specification of every device connected to the
   network, at least one of DHCP, [L7 LCP] or LLDP-MED MUST be supported
   on the network.

   ...

   Devices SHOULD get location immediately after obtaining local network
   configuration information.  It is essential for the location to be
   determined BEFORE any VPN tunnels are established.  It is equally
   essential that this location information is *not* overwritten by any
   process engaged from establishing a VPN connection.  In other words,
   the established VPN to Chicago from the device in Dallas should not
   overwrite the Dallas location for any reason especially an emergency
   call.

Referring to LCP:

   Where an access network can control the specification of EVERY
   endpoint that could make an emergency call that is directly connected
   to the network, or indirectly connected (for example, a device on a
   LAN behind a network attachment unit), it may specify any protocol it
   wishes for each endpoint.  This is a very unusual case; nearly every
   access network can be used to support an Ethernet based LAN behind
   it.  For example, existing mobile networks are being used to support
   routers and LANs behind a wireless data network WAN connection.  It
   is possible that the access network supports a protocol not on the
   phonebcp list, but another element which the access network provider
   controls the specification of can acquire location using that
   protocol and then that element can support one of the phonebcp's list
   of protocols.  For example, if the access network provider supplies a
   router which includes a DHCP server, it can acquire location using an
   access network specific protocol, and use the location information to
   supply it to its clients via DHCP.

I don't believe that 3GPP, after the work with TISPAN, can now claim the
exemption, as TISPAN allows legacy SIP terminals on the system. 3GPP
does not support a location configuration protocol on its terminals.=20

B)	LoST usage
----------------

Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 3:
draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 2:
draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.1:
draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.2:

   We route( (Section 6)) the call based on location using
   the LoST protocol ( [I-D.ietf-ecrit-lost]) which maps a location to a
   set of PSAP URIs.  Each URI resolves to a PSAP or an Emergency
   Services Routing Proxy which serves a group of PSAPs.  The call
   arrives at the PSAP with the location included in the INVITE request.

   o  It would determine the PSAP's URI by using the
      [I-D.ietf-ecrit-lost] mapping server from the location provided in
      the signaling

   1.   The Request URI SHOULD be a PSAP URI obtained from LoST (see
        Section 6.2).  If the device cannot access a LoST server, the
        To: SHOULD be a service URN in the "sos" tree.  If the device
        cannot do local dialstring interpretation, the Request URI:
        SHOULD be a dialstring URI [I-D.rosen-iptel-dialstring]with the
        dialed digits. sips MUST be specified, unless the operation must
        be retried due to a failure to establish a TLS connection.

   User agents that can obtain location information MUST perform the
   mapping from location information to PSAP URI using
   [I-D.ietf-ecrit-lost].  The mapping is performed whenever the UA
   acquires new location information that is outside the bounds of the
   current PSAP coverage region specified in the LoST response or the
   time-to-live value of that response has expired.

No current 3GPP decision to use LoST, although it could be suitable
between E-CSCF and LRF. Certainly there is no guarantee of support of a
LoST query from the terminal.

C)	Recognition of emergency calls
------------------------------------

draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.2:

   All proxies in the outbound path SHOULD recognize emergency calls
   with a Request URI of the service URN in the "sos" tree.  A proxy
   recognizing such a call (which indicates that the endpoint understood
   the call was an emergency call, but was unable to map its location to
   a PSAP URI) MUST perform the LoST mapping and retarget the call to
   the PSAP URI (the service URN SHOULD remain as a Route header).

   To deal with old user agents that predate this specification and with
   UAs that do not have access to their own location data, proxies that
   recognize a call as an emergency call that is not marked as such (see
   Section 5) or where the Request-URI is a service:sos URN MUST also
   perform this mapping, with the best location it has available for the
   endpoint.  The resulting PSAP URI would become the Request URI.

In 3GPP all intermediate proxies recognise emergency calls. However they
route emergency calls to a special proxy called E-CSCF that performs the
location to URI mapping rather than perform it at the proxy concerned.

D)	Usage of sos URN
----------------------

draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 5:
draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.1:

   Devices MUST use the service:sos URN scheme to mark emergency calls.

   To determine which calls are emergency calls, some entity needs to
   map a user entered dialstring into this URN scheme.  A user may
   "dial" 1-1-2, but the call would be sent to urn:service:sos.  This
   mapping is SHOULD performed at the endpoint device, but MAY be
   performed at an intermediate entity (such as a SIP proxy server).

   2.   The To: header MUST be present and SHOULD be a service URN in
        the "sos" tree.  If the device cannot do local dialstring
        interpretation, the To: SHOULD be a dialstring URI with the
        dialed digits. sips MUST be specified, unless the operation must
        be retried due to a failure to establish a TLS connection.

Not an issue in 3GPP, as this is what is specified. Except that 3GPP IMS
cannot support TLS connections. Note that SIPS may not in any case be
appropriate for PSTN connected PSAPs where interworking is involved.

E)	Dialstring provisioning
-----------------------------

draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 5:

   The home emergency dialstrings MAY be provisioned into the device (or
   other element doing dialstring to universal emergency call URN
   mapping).  [I-D.ietf-ecrit-lost]) provides dialstrings for a given
   location and SHOULD be used by devices to learn the local (i.e.
   "visited" dialstrings.

3GPP currently has its own mechanisms for doing this, and does not use
LoST. These mechanism are however access specific, and are not provided
(except by prior configuration) in WLAN terminals and DSL terminals.

F)	Location
--------------

Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 5.2:

      Cell tower/sector:  Cell tower and sectors identify the cell tower
      and the antenna sector that the mobile device is currently using.
      Traditionally, the tower location is expressed as a point, and
      routing decisions are made on that point.  Cell/sector information
      could also be transmitted as an irregularly shaped polygon of
      geospatial coordinates reflecting the likely geospatial location
      of the mobile device.

For 3GPP IMS, in addition to normal location field, this information
would be expected to be available at the E-CSCF in the
P-Access-Network-Info header (for 3GPP/3GPP2 accesses). For DSL it would
contain a location id which would have to be mapped using some database
to a real location. For WLAN it may ultimately be some form of MAC
address.

G)	Delivery of location to PSAP
----------------------------------

Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 5.3:

   All location objects MUST be delivered to the PSAP.  To facilitate
   such policy decisions, location information should contain
   information about the source of data, such as GPS, manually entered
   or based on access network topology.  In addition, the generator of
   the location information should be included.  The ability of the UA
   to understand how it learned its location, and include this
   information element in the location object that is sent to the PSAP,
   provides the call-taker with many pieces of information to make
   decisions upon, and ask the caller with.

Not necessarily an issue in itself, but may be difficult to interwork
with the PSTN to supply to PSTN based PSAPs.

H)	Indication of location used for routeing
----------------------------------------------

Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 5.3:

   The call should indicate which location information has been used for
   routing, so that the same location information is used for all call
   routing decisions.  Otherwise, two proxies might pick different
   location information from the call request, resulting in different
   routing decisions for different transactions.

Not yet covered in 3GPP documentation.

I)	Security mechanisms
-------------------------

Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 7:

   Since emergency calls carry privacy-sensitive information, they are
   subject to the requirements for geospatial protocols [RFC3693].  In
   particular, signaling information should be carried in TLS, i.e., in
   'sips' mode.  While requiring TLS is actually the way the standards
   are written, it is unacceptable to have an emergency call fail to
   complete because a TLS connection was not created, for any reason.
   In many cases, persistent TLS connections can be maintained between
   elements to minimize the time needed to establish them.

3GPP networks do not use TLS, but provide security using trust
relationships and IPsec.

J)	GRUU usage
----------------

Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 9:

   The call-taker must be able to reach the emergency caller if the
   original call is disconnected.  In traditional emergency calls,
   wireline and wireless emergency calls include a callback identifier
   for this purpose.  In SIP systems, the caller should include a
   Contact header field indicating its device URI, if available, or
   possibly a GRUU[I-D.ietf-sip-gruu] if calls need to be routed via a
   proxy.  This identifier would be used to initiate call-backs
   immediately by the call-taker if, for example, the call is
   prematurely dropped.

GRUU will be supported in 3GPP release 7. GRUU requires registration.
Not all 3GPP emergency calls require prior registration. In 3GPP also
not considered the interaction of GRUU with 3GPP emergency registration.

K)	Calling identity
----------------------

Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 9 and 16.1:
draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.1:

   In addition, a call-back identifier should be included either as the
   URI in the From header field [RFC3261] preferably verified by SIP
   Identity[RFC4474].  This identifier would be used to initiate a call-
   back at a later time and may reach the caller, not necessarily on the
   same device (and at the same location) as the original emergency
   call.

   Fraudulent calls to PSAPs is a significant concern.  Current systems
   rely on inherent security mechanisms in the PSTN to make sure the
   identity of the caller is known.  As Internet technologies are
   increasingly used to place calls, it is becoming easier to hide the
   indentity of a caller.  Use of the SIP Identity mechanism [RFC4474] i
   is recommended.  If SIP Identity cannot be provided, carriers should
   make use of P-Asserted-Identity, [RFC3325]

   3.   The From: header MUST be present and SHOULD be the AoR of the
        caller.

   4.   A Via: header MUST be present and SHOULD include the URI of the
        device

   6.   Either a P-Asserted-Identity [RFC3325] or an Identity header
        [RFC4474], or both, SHOULD be included to identify the sender.

TISPAN emergency call requirements, based on NTT input, require privacy
rules to be adhered to for emergency calls.

Neither TISPAN or 3GPP have indicated any intent to adopt RFC 4474 and
currently use only RFC 3325.

3GPP indicates that if privacy is required then To: field should be set
to anonymous (this is an ordinary call bit of text that applies by
default to emergency calls as well).

L)	REFER usage
-----------------

Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 10:
draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.4:

   A PSAP may need to REFER[RFC3515] a call to a bridge for
   conferencing.  The caller should also be prepared to have the call
   transferred (usually attended, but possibly blind) as
   per[I-D.ietf-sipping-service-examples].

   The PSAP is expected to use normal signaling (e.g.  SIP) as per IETF
   standards.  Devices and proxies should expect to:
   1.  Be REFERed to a conference bridge; PSAPs often include
       dispatchers, responders or specialists on a call.
   2.  Be REFERed to a secondary PSAP.  Some responder's dispatchers are
       not located in the primary PSAP.  The call may have to be
       transferred to another PSAP.  Most often this will be an attended
       transfer, or a bridged transfer.

Not taken account of by 3GPP specifications. If PSAP is PSTN connected,
REFER currently not supported by interworking gateway. In 3GPP specs,
REFER is currently optional to UAs.

M)	Presence
--------------

draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.4:

   3.  (For devices that are Mobile) SUBSCRIBE to the Presence of the
       AoR (or equivalent for other signaling schemes) to get location
       updates.

Presence support is optional in 3GPP terminals.

N)	Session timer
-------------------

draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.4:

   4.  Support Session Timer (or equivalent) to guard against session
       corruption

Session timer support is optional in 3GPP terminals.

O)	Session clearing
----------------------

draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.4:

   Devices with an active emergency call (i.e.  SIP Dialog) MUST NOT
   generate a BYE request (or equivalent for other non-SIP signaling).
   The PSAP must be the only entity that can terminate a call.  If the
   user "hangs up" an emergency call, the device should ring, and when
   answered, reconnect the caller to the PSAP.

3GPP terminals are not allowed to hang up, but specification of the user
interface is outside the scope of the 3GPP specifications, so the detail
about local ringing has not been covered.

P)	Media types
-----------------

Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 12:
draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 3:
draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.1:

   Newer text forms are rapidly appearing,
   with Instant Messaging now very common, PSAPs should accept IM with
   at least [RFC3428] as well as [RFC3920].

   Using current (evolving) standards, devices that create media
   sessions and exchange audio, video and/or text, and have the
   capability to establish sessions to a wide variety of addresses, and
   communicate over private IP networks or the Internet, should support
   emergency calls.

   13.  A normal SDP offer SHOULD be included in the INVITE.  The offer
        SHOULD NOT include compressed audio codecs, although a wideband
        codec offer MAY be included.

   Note: Silence suppression (Voice Activity Detection methods) MUST NOT
   be used on emergency calls.  PSAP call takers sometimes get
   information on what is happening in the background to determine how
   to process the call.

Currently 3GPP has only specified voice. MESSAGE method is not included.
MSRP and real time text would be subject to end to end negotiation with
the PSAP and would not be supported by an intermediate PSTN gateway.
Neither would they be interworked with existing mechanisms.

What is a compressed audio codec. Is AMR one? If so this is the only
codec likely to be used from 3GPP terminals. Operators are unlikely to
approve of G.711 over the air, assuming there was enough bandwidth to
get it there in the first place - it would need at least 3G speeds.

Q)	Supplementary services
----------------------------

draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.5:

   The calling device and/or service SHOULD disable outgoing call
   features such as:
   o  Call Waiting
   o  Call Transfer
   o  Three Way Call
   o  Flash hold
   o  Outbound Call Blocking

   The emergency dialstrings SHOULD NOT be permitted in Call Forward
   numbers or speed dial lists.

   The device and/or service SHOULD disable the following incoming call
   features on calls from the PSAP:
   o  Call Waiting (all kinds)
   o  Do Not Disturb
   o  Call Forward (all kinds) (if the PSAP calls back within some
      (30min?) interval)

Not covered at the moment in 3GPP specifications.

R)	Test
----------

draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 7.1:

   INVITE requests to a service urn with a urn parameter of "test"
   indicates a request for an automated test.  For example,
   "urn:service.sos.fire;test".  As in standard SIP, a 200 (OK) response
   indicates that the address was recognized and a 404 (Not found) that
   it was not.  A 486 (Busy Here) should be returned if the test service
   is busy, and a 488 (Not Acceptable Here) should be returned if the
   PSAP does not support the test mechanism.

   ...

   A PSAP accepting a test call SHOULD accept a media loopback
   test[I-D.ietf-mmusic-media-loopback] and SHOULD support the "rtp-pkt-
   loopback" and "rtp-start-loopback" options.  The user agent would
   specify a loopback attribute of "loopback-source", the PSAP being the
   mirror.  User Agents should expect the PSAP to loop back no more than
   3 packets of each media type accepted, after which the PSAP would
   normally send BYE.

   User agents SHOULD perform a full call test, including media
   loopback, after a disconnect and subsequent change in IP address.
   After an initial IP address assignment test, a full test SHOULD be
   repeated approximately every 30 days with a random interval.

   User agents MUST NOT place a test call immediately after booting, as
   a widespread power outage and subsequent restoration would impose an
   inordinate load on the emergency call routing system.

   PSAPs MAY refuse repeated requests for test from the same device in a
   short period of time.

Not covered at moment in 3GPP specifications.

S)	Configuration
-------------------

Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 18.1:

draft-ietf-sipping-config-framework is included in the normative
references, but no text exists in the document apparently. It should be
noted that 3GPP at the moment only supports OMA DM for terminal
configuration.

Other discussion points
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

Some of these may come up in the discussion above, but these have been
specifically suggested to me.

T)	emergency registration (not currently part of the IETF
architecture)

U)	call identification (likely IETF outcome: request URI =3D sos URN
plus loose routing)

V)	location determination mechanisms, and underlying 3GPP location
architecture

Regards

Keith

Keith Drage
Lucent Technologies
drage@lucent.com
tel: +44 1793 776249

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Hi all,

here are the meeting minutes. Please take a look at them:
http://www3.ietf.org/proceedings/06nov/minutes/ecrit.txt

Ciao
Hannes

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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Conference call on IETF/3GPP emergency call
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At 04:47 PM 11/14/2006 +0100, Drage, Keith \(Keith\) wrote:


>H)      Indication of location used for routeing
>----------------------------------------------
>
>Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 5.3:
>
>    The call should indicate which location information has been used for
>    routing, so that the same location information is used for all call
>    routing decisions.  Otherwise, two proxies might pick different
>    location information from the call request, resulting in different
>    routing decisions for different transactions.
>
>Not yet covered in 3GPP documentation.

All

draft-ietf-sip-location-conveyance-05 is the current version of the 
Location Conveyance ID, but -06 is coming very soon (in 1 to 2 weeks, not 
months) that changes the ABNF of the Geolocation header to indicate which 
location the message was routed on.  I presented the -05 to -06 changes 
last Friday, and this facet did not meet any resistance, so I believe it is 
in (as far as an ID is concerned).  Obviously this still has to go through 
WGLC (also coming very soon), in which this may change, but I don't believe 
it should - considering the positive responses on the SIP, ECRIT and 
Geopriv lists so far.

This was presented in SIP at last week's IETF meeting.

James

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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Wed Nov 15 08:58:33 2006
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Hi all,

I went through the document and it looks good. I still have a few comments:

* In the introduction you point to the difference to ETS. Why is this 
necessary? Why don't you mention authority-to-citizen communication?

* I don't think that the message steps listed in the introduction are 
helpful unless you mention that this is just an example. Why don't you 
point to the framework document instead?

* Terminology section: You might want to state that the RFC 2119 
language refers to the implementation/usage at SIP end points and at SIP 
proxies and not to a protocol specification.

* Section 4 leaves the Geopriv L7 LCP as a place holder. I see this 
being a problem for finishing the document given that it might take some 
time to finish the Geopriv work on this subject. I don't have a good 
idea how to resolve it.

* The following sentence is repeated:
"
    For devices that operate on a network where the network operator
    controls the specification of every device connected to that network
    that could be used for emergency calls, the method by which location
    is determined need not be an IETF standard, but can be any method
    that achieves the desired result.
"
I suspect what you would like to say is that in an environment where a 
network operator cannot control all the end points you have to either 
support many protocols in the access network or at the end points.

* Could you explain this statement: "Self Reported location is generally 
unacceptable in emergency calls, ..."?

*  You write:
    "
     It is essential for the location to be
    determined BEFORE any VPN tunnels are established.
    "

It would be good to refer to tunnels with examples to VPN tunnels or 
mobility specific tunnels (e.g., MIP).

* Regarding the time limits indicated in Section 4, it would be good to 
provide references (if you know some of them).

* Please double-check the terminology used in Section 5 with the terms 
introduced in Section 3.6  of 
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ecrit-requirements-12.txt

* Please provide a reference regarding the following statement:
"
    Note: It is undesirable to have a single "button" emergency call user
    interface element.  These mechanisms have a very high false call
    rate.  PSAPs prefer devices to use their local emergency call
    dialstring.
"

* The following paragraph is still an open issue:
"
    [I-D.schulzrinne-sipping-service] introduces a universal emergency
    service URN scheme.  On the wire, emergency calls SHOULD include this
    type of URI as a Route header [RFC3261].  The scheme includes a
    single emergency URN (urn:service:sos) and responder specific ones
    (urn:service:sos.police).  Using the service:sos URN scheme,
    emergency calls can be recognized as such throughout the Internet.
"

* You write: "Devices MUST use the service:sos URN scheme to mark 
emergency calls."
In the next paragraph you also consider the case where end hosts does 
not understand emergency calls:

"
    To determine which calls are emergency calls, some entity needs to
    map a user entered dialstring into this URN scheme.  A user may
    "dial" 1-1-2, but the call would be sent to urn:service:sos.  This
    mapping is SHOULD performed at the endpoint device, but MAY be
    performed at an intermediate entity (such as a SIP proxy server).
"

The problem with the end host not understanding emergency calls should 
be highlighted. If the end host does not understand emergency calls (and 
thereby does not understand the service URN) the aspects listed in 
Section 6.5 are not relevant either.

* Section 6 is quite difficult to read. Wouldn't it be useful to cluster 
the description in three cases:
   1) End host obtains location information and performs the resolution 
to a PSAP URI
   2) End host obtains location information and the proxy performs the 
resolution to a PSAP URI
   3) The proxy obtains location information and performs the resolution 
to a PSAP URI

Additionally, it might be worth mentioning unauthenticated emergency 
calls. You briefly mention 'uninitialized devices' which already goes 
(conceptually) in this direction.

Ciao
Hannes

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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Conference call on IETF/3GPP emergency call
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Hi Keith,

I am unable to connect to the conference bridge. I get the error message 
"Access Code Invalid"

Ciao
Hannes

Drage, Keith (Keith) wrote:
> A repeat of the conference call information and some discussion points
> at the end of the mail.
> 
> Documentation
> -------------
> 
> The 3GPP stage 2 is contained in:
> http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/23167.htm
> 
> You may also wish to browse 23.271 referenced from this document.
> 
> The 3GPP stage 3 is contained in:
> http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/24229.htm
> Specifically sections 5.1.6, 5.2.10, 5.4.8 and 5.11.
> 
> The TISPAN stage 2, which is an endorsement of the above is (ETSI TS
> 182009 - if the link does not work):
> http://pda.etsi.org/PDA/copy_file.asp?Action_type=&Action_Nb=&Profile_id
> =Qjgue5axQBa7L4A86'9Ao&Wki_Id=7ooWqIsa1YnpntptUveYX
> 
> The IETF documents are:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00.txt
> 
> And the normative references from these.
> 
> Conference details
> ------------------
> 
> Details for the call are as follows:
> 
> Date: Wednesday 15th November
> Time:	8:00 am Central US time
> 	9:00 am Eastern US time
> 	2:00 pm UK time
> 	3:00 pm Central European time
> 	4:00 pm Finland
> I will leave others to extrapolate for other locations.
> 
> Expected duration: 2 hours - if we need longer we will organise follow
> call(s).
> 
> Chairperson Name:  KEITH DRAGE
> Company:  LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES READY ACCESS Access Phone Number:
> 8007718734 International Access Phone Number:  +1 6477233953 7-Digit
> Access Code:  5776249 
> 
> Participation
> -------------
> I am circulating this mail to participants in 3GPP SA2, 3GPP CT1, ETSI
> TISPAN WG2, ETSI TISPAN WG3, IETF ECRIT. If you know someone who should
> be involved, please forward this email.
> 
> This is an open conference call. The conference bridge is good up to
> about 50 ports. However this will not be a tutorial. You will be
> expected to have a working knowledge of at least some of the key
> documents. 
> 
> I will attempt to ensure we have some notes of the discussions to
> circulate.
> 
> It would help to send me a mail indicating you intend to participate, if
> only to ensure that I get your name spelled right on the notes.
> Terminology
> ===========
> 
> The 3GPP E-CSCF and the IETF ECRIT ESRP (Emergency Service Routeing
> Proxy) appear to be roughly compatible in functionality. Note that the
> 3GPP P-CSCF also has to recognise emergency calls in order to route them
> to the E-CSCF.
> 
> Discussion points (no particular order and some are minor)
> ==========================================================
> 
> I did a quick work through of the documents to identify areas where
> things are different, or just not covered, and should therefore be
> discussed. We may want to skip minor issues until later.
> 
> A)	LCP
> ---------
> 
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 4:
> Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 5.5:
> 
>    For devices that operate on a network where the network operator
>    controls the specification of every device connected to that network
>    that could be used for emergency calls, the method by which location
>    is determined need not be an IETF standard, but can be any method
>    that achieves the desired result.  Such a method MUST be specified,
>    and every device MUST support it.
> 
>    For all other devices, location configuration by DHCP, [Placeholder
>    for L7 LCP] and LLDP-MED MUST be supported.  DHCP [RFC2131] has been
>    enhanced to provide the location of a device.  [RFC3825] describes
>    how a geo-location (lat/lon/alt) may be obtained and
>    [I-D.schulzrinne-geopriv-dhcp-civil] describes how a civic (street
>    address) location can be obtained via DHCP.
> 
>    ...
> 
>    For devices that operate on a network where the network operator does
>    not control the specification of every device connected to the
>    network, at least one of DHCP, [L7 LCP] or LLDP-MED MUST be supported
>    on the network.
> 
>    ...
> 
>    Devices SHOULD get location immediately after obtaining local network
>    configuration information.  It is essential for the location to be
>    determined BEFORE any VPN tunnels are established.  It is equally
>    essential that this location information is *not* overwritten by any
>    process engaged from establishing a VPN connection.  In other words,
>    the established VPN to Chicago from the device in Dallas should not
>    overwrite the Dallas location for any reason especially an emergency
>    call.
> 
> Referring to LCP:
> 
>    Where an access network can control the specification of EVERY
>    endpoint that could make an emergency call that is directly connected
>    to the network, or indirectly connected (for example, a device on a
>    LAN behind a network attachment unit), it may specify any protocol it
>    wishes for each endpoint.  This is a very unusual case; nearly every
>    access network can be used to support an Ethernet based LAN behind
>    it.  For example, existing mobile networks are being used to support
>    routers and LANs behind a wireless data network WAN connection.  It
>    is possible that the access network supports a protocol not on the
>    phonebcp list, but another element which the access network provider
>    controls the specification of can acquire location using that
>    protocol and then that element can support one of the phonebcp's list
>    of protocols.  For example, if the access network provider supplies a
>    router which includes a DHCP server, it can acquire location using an
>    access network specific protocol, and use the location information to
>    supply it to its clients via DHCP.
> 
> I don't believe that 3GPP, after the work with TISPAN, can now claim the
> exemption, as TISPAN allows legacy SIP terminals on the system. 3GPP
> does not support a location configuration protocol on its terminals. 
> 
> B)	LoST usage
> ----------------
> 
> Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 3:
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 2:
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.1:
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.2:
> 
>    We route( (Section 6)) the call based on location using
>    the LoST protocol ( [I-D.ietf-ecrit-lost]) which maps a location to a
>    set of PSAP URIs.  Each URI resolves to a PSAP or an Emergency
>    Services Routing Proxy which serves a group of PSAPs.  The call
>    arrives at the PSAP with the location included in the INVITE request.
> 
>    o  It would determine the PSAP's URI by using the
>       [I-D.ietf-ecrit-lost] mapping server from the location provided in
>       the signaling
> 
>    1.   The Request URI SHOULD be a PSAP URI obtained from LoST (see
>         Section 6.2).  If the device cannot access a LoST server, the
>         To: SHOULD be a service URN in the "sos" tree.  If the device
>         cannot do local dialstring interpretation, the Request URI:
>         SHOULD be a dialstring URI [I-D.rosen-iptel-dialstring]with the
>         dialed digits. sips MUST be specified, unless the operation must
>         be retried due to a failure to establish a TLS connection.
> 
>    User agents that can obtain location information MUST perform the
>    mapping from location information to PSAP URI using
>    [I-D.ietf-ecrit-lost].  The mapping is performed whenever the UA
>    acquires new location information that is outside the bounds of the
>    current PSAP coverage region specified in the LoST response or the
>    time-to-live value of that response has expired.
> 
> No current 3GPP decision to use LoST, although it could be suitable
> between E-CSCF and LRF. Certainly there is no guarantee of support of a
> LoST query from the terminal.
> 
> C)	Recognition of emergency calls
> ------------------------------------
> 
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.2:
> 
>    All proxies in the outbound path SHOULD recognize emergency calls
>    with a Request URI of the service URN in the "sos" tree.  A proxy
>    recognizing such a call (which indicates that the endpoint understood
>    the call was an emergency call, but was unable to map its location to
>    a PSAP URI) MUST perform the LoST mapping and retarget the call to
>    the PSAP URI (the service URN SHOULD remain as a Route header).
> 
>    To deal with old user agents that predate this specification and with
>    UAs that do not have access to their own location data, proxies that
>    recognize a call as an emergency call that is not marked as such (see
>    Section 5) or where the Request-URI is a service:sos URN MUST also
>    perform this mapping, with the best location it has available for the
>    endpoint.  The resulting PSAP URI would become the Request URI.
> 
> In 3GPP all intermediate proxies recognise emergency calls. However they
> route emergency calls to a special proxy called E-CSCF that performs the
> location to URI mapping rather than perform it at the proxy concerned.
> 
> D)	Usage of sos URN
> ----------------------
> 
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 5:
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.1:
> 
>    Devices MUST use the service:sos URN scheme to mark emergency calls.
> 
>    To determine which calls are emergency calls, some entity needs to
>    map a user entered dialstring into this URN scheme.  A user may
>    "dial" 1-1-2, but the call would be sent to urn:service:sos.  This
>    mapping is SHOULD performed at the endpoint device, but MAY be
>    performed at an intermediate entity (such as a SIP proxy server).
> 
>    2.   The To: header MUST be present and SHOULD be a service URN in
>         the "sos" tree.  If the device cannot do local dialstring
>         interpretation, the To: SHOULD be a dialstring URI with the
>         dialed digits. sips MUST be specified, unless the operation must
>         be retried due to a failure to establish a TLS connection.
> 
> Not an issue in 3GPP, as this is what is specified. Except that 3GPP IMS
> cannot support TLS connections. Note that SIPS may not in any case be
> appropriate for PSTN connected PSAPs where interworking is involved.
> 
> E)	Dialstring provisioning
> -----------------------------
> 
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 5:
> 
>    The home emergency dialstrings MAY be provisioned into the device (or
>    other element doing dialstring to universal emergency call URN
>    mapping).  [I-D.ietf-ecrit-lost]) provides dialstrings for a given
>    location and SHOULD be used by devices to learn the local (i.e.
>    "visited" dialstrings.
> 
> 3GPP currently has its own mechanisms for doing this, and does not use
> LoST. These mechanism are however access specific, and are not provided
> (except by prior configuration) in WLAN terminals and DSL terminals.
> 
> F)	Location
> --------------
> 
> Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 5.2:
> 
>       Cell tower/sector:  Cell tower and sectors identify the cell tower
>       and the antenna sector that the mobile device is currently using.
>       Traditionally, the tower location is expressed as a point, and
>       routing decisions are made on that point.  Cell/sector information
>       could also be transmitted as an irregularly shaped polygon of
>       geospatial coordinates reflecting the likely geospatial location
>       of the mobile device.
> 
> For 3GPP IMS, in addition to normal location field, this information
> would be expected to be available at the E-CSCF in the
> P-Access-Network-Info header (for 3GPP/3GPP2 accesses). For DSL it would
> contain a location id which would have to be mapped using some database
> to a real location. For WLAN it may ultimately be some form of MAC
> address.
> 
> G)	Delivery of location to PSAP
> ----------------------------------
> 
> Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 5.3:
> 
>    All location objects MUST be delivered to the PSAP.  To facilitate
>    such policy decisions, location information should contain
>    information about the source of data, such as GPS, manually entered
>    or based on access network topology.  In addition, the generator of
>    the location information should be included.  The ability of the UA
>    to understand how it learned its location, and include this
>    information element in the location object that is sent to the PSAP,
>    provides the call-taker with many pieces of information to make
>    decisions upon, and ask the caller with.
> 
> Not necessarily an issue in itself, but may be difficult to interwork
> with the PSTN to supply to PSTN based PSAPs.
> 
> H)	Indication of location used for routeing
> ----------------------------------------------
> 
> Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 5.3:
> 
>    The call should indicate which location information has been used for
>    routing, so that the same location information is used for all call
>    routing decisions.  Otherwise, two proxies might pick different
>    location information from the call request, resulting in different
>    routing decisions for different transactions.
> 
> Not yet covered in 3GPP documentation.
> 
> I)	Security mechanisms
> -------------------------
> 
> Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 7:
> 
>    Since emergency calls carry privacy-sensitive information, they are
>    subject to the requirements for geospatial protocols [RFC3693].  In
>    particular, signaling information should be carried in TLS, i.e., in
>    'sips' mode.  While requiring TLS is actually the way the standards
>    are written, it is unacceptable to have an emergency call fail to
>    complete because a TLS connection was not created, for any reason.
>    In many cases, persistent TLS connections can be maintained between
>    elements to minimize the time needed to establish them.
> 
> 3GPP networks do not use TLS, but provide security using trust
> relationships and IPsec.
> 
> J)	GRUU usage
> ----------------
> 
> Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 9:
> 
>    The call-taker must be able to reach the emergency caller if the
>    original call is disconnected.  In traditional emergency calls,
>    wireline and wireless emergency calls include a callback identifier
>    for this purpose.  In SIP systems, the caller should include a
>    Contact header field indicating its device URI, if available, or
>    possibly a GRUU[I-D.ietf-sip-gruu] if calls need to be routed via a
>    proxy.  This identifier would be used to initiate call-backs
>    immediately by the call-taker if, for example, the call is
>    prematurely dropped.
> 
> GRUU will be supported in 3GPP release 7. GRUU requires registration.
> Not all 3GPP emergency calls require prior registration. In 3GPP also
> not considered the interaction of GRUU with 3GPP emergency registration.
> 
> K)	Calling identity
> ----------------------
> 
> Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 9 and 16.1:
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.1:
> 
>    In addition, a call-back identifier should be included either as the
>    URI in the From header field [RFC3261] preferably verified by SIP
>    Identity[RFC4474].  This identifier would be used to initiate a call-
>    back at a later time and may reach the caller, not necessarily on the
>    same device (and at the same location) as the original emergency
>    call.
> 
>    Fraudulent calls to PSAPs is a significant concern.  Current systems
>    rely on inherent security mechanisms in the PSTN to make sure the
>    identity of the caller is known.  As Internet technologies are
>    increasingly used to place calls, it is becoming easier to hide the
>    indentity of a caller.  Use of the SIP Identity mechanism [RFC4474] i
>    is recommended.  If SIP Identity cannot be provided, carriers should
>    make use of P-Asserted-Identity, [RFC3325]
> 
>    3.   The From: header MUST be present and SHOULD be the AoR of the
>         caller.
> 
>    4.   A Via: header MUST be present and SHOULD include the URI of the
>         device
> 
>    6.   Either a P-Asserted-Identity [RFC3325] or an Identity header
>         [RFC4474], or both, SHOULD be included to identify the sender.
> 
> TISPAN emergency call requirements, based on NTT input, require privacy
> rules to be adhered to for emergency calls.
> 
> Neither TISPAN or 3GPP have indicated any intent to adopt RFC 4474 and
> currently use only RFC 3325.
> 
> 3GPP indicates that if privacy is required then To: field should be set
> to anonymous (this is an ordinary call bit of text that applies by
> default to emergency calls as well).
> 
> L)	REFER usage
> -----------------
> 
> Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 10:
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.4:
> 
>    A PSAP may need to REFER[RFC3515] a call to a bridge for
>    conferencing.  The caller should also be prepared to have the call
>    transferred (usually attended, but possibly blind) as
>    per[I-D.ietf-sipping-service-examples].
> 
>    The PSAP is expected to use normal signaling (e.g.  SIP) as per IETF
>    standards.  Devices and proxies should expect to:
>    1.  Be REFERed to a conference bridge; PSAPs often include
>        dispatchers, responders or specialists on a call.
>    2.  Be REFERed to a secondary PSAP.  Some responder's dispatchers are
>        not located in the primary PSAP.  The call may have to be
>        transferred to another PSAP.  Most often this will be an attended
>        transfer, or a bridged transfer.
> 
> Not taken account of by 3GPP specifications. If PSAP is PSTN connected,
> REFER currently not supported by interworking gateway. In 3GPP specs,
> REFER is currently optional to UAs.
> 
> M)	Presence
> --------------
> 
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.4:
> 
>    3.  (For devices that are Mobile) SUBSCRIBE to the Presence of the
>        AoR (or equivalent for other signaling schemes) to get location
>        updates.
> 
> Presence support is optional in 3GPP terminals.
> 
> N)	Session timer
> -------------------
> 
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.4:
> 
>    4.  Support Session Timer (or equivalent) to guard against session
>        corruption
> 
> Session timer support is optional in 3GPP terminals.
> 
> O)	Session clearing
> ----------------------
> 
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.4:
> 
>    Devices with an active emergency call (i.e.  SIP Dialog) MUST NOT
>    generate a BYE request (or equivalent for other non-SIP signaling).
>    The PSAP must be the only entity that can terminate a call.  If the
>    user "hangs up" an emergency call, the device should ring, and when
>    answered, reconnect the caller to the PSAP.
> 
> 3GPP terminals are not allowed to hang up, but specification of the user
> interface is outside the scope of the 3GPP specifications, so the detail
> about local ringing has not been covered.
> 
> P)	Media types
> -----------------
> 
> Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 12:
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 3:
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.1:
> 
>    Newer text forms are rapidly appearing,
>    with Instant Messaging now very common, PSAPs should accept IM with
>    at least [RFC3428] as well as [RFC3920].
> 
>    Using current (evolving) standards, devices that create media
>    sessions and exchange audio, video and/or text, and have the
>    capability to establish sessions to a wide variety of addresses, and
>    communicate over private IP networks or the Internet, should support
>    emergency calls.
> 
>    13.  A normal SDP offer SHOULD be included in the INVITE.  The offer
>         SHOULD NOT include compressed audio codecs, although a wideband
>         codec offer MAY be included.
> 
>    Note: Silence suppression (Voice Activity Detection methods) MUST NOT
>    be used on emergency calls.  PSAP call takers sometimes get
>    information on what is happening in the background to determine how
>    to process the call.
> 
> Currently 3GPP has only specified voice. MESSAGE method is not included.
> MSRP and real time text would be subject to end to end negotiation with
> the PSAP and would not be supported by an intermediate PSTN gateway.
> Neither would they be interworked with existing mechanisms.
> 
> What is a compressed audio codec. Is AMR one? If so this is the only
> codec likely to be used from 3GPP terminals. Operators are unlikely to
> approve of G.711 over the air, assuming there was enough bandwidth to
> get it there in the first place - it would need at least 3G speeds.
> 
> Q)	Supplementary services
> ----------------------------
> 
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 6.5:
> 
>    The calling device and/or service SHOULD disable outgoing call
>    features such as:
>    o  Call Waiting
>    o  Call Transfer
>    o  Three Way Call
>    o  Flash hold
>    o  Outbound Call Blocking
> 
>    The emergency dialstrings SHOULD NOT be permitted in Call Forward
>    numbers or speed dial lists.
> 
>    The device and/or service SHOULD disable the following incoming call
>    features on calls from the PSAP:
>    o  Call Waiting (all kinds)
>    o  Do Not Disturb
>    o  Call Forward (all kinds) (if the PSAP calls back within some
>       (30min?) interval)
> 
> Not covered at the moment in 3GPP specifications.
> 
> R)	Test
> ----------
> 
> draft-ietf-ecrit-phonebcp-00 section 7.1:
> 
>    INVITE requests to a service urn with a urn parameter of "test"
>    indicates a request for an automated test.  For example,
>    "urn:service.sos.fire;test".  As in standard SIP, a 200 (OK) response
>    indicates that the address was recognized and a 404 (Not found) that
>    it was not.  A 486 (Busy Here) should be returned if the test service
>    is busy, and a 488 (Not Acceptable Here) should be returned if the
>    PSAP does not support the test mechanism.
> 
>    ...
> 
>    A PSAP accepting a test call SHOULD accept a media loopback
>    test[I-D.ietf-mmusic-media-loopback] and SHOULD support the "rtp-pkt-
>    loopback" and "rtp-start-loopback" options.  The user agent would
>    specify a loopback attribute of "loopback-source", the PSAP being the
>    mirror.  User Agents should expect the PSAP to loop back no more than
>    3 packets of each media type accepted, after which the PSAP would
>    normally send BYE.
> 
>    User agents SHOULD perform a full call test, including media
>    loopback, after a disconnect and subsequent change in IP address.
>    After an initial IP address assignment test, a full test SHOULD be
>    repeated approximately every 30 days with a random interval.
> 
>    User agents MUST NOT place a test call immediately after booting, as
>    a widespread power outage and subsequent restoration would impose an
>    inordinate load on the emergency call routing system.
> 
>    PSAPs MAY refuse repeated requests for test from the same device in a
>    short period of time.
> 
> Not covered at moment in 3GPP specifications.
> 
> S)	Configuration
> -------------------
> 
> Draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00 section 18.1:
> 
> draft-ietf-sipping-config-framework is included in the normative
> references, but no text exists in the document apparently. It should be
> noted that 3GPP at the moment only supports OMA DM for terminal
> configuration.
> 
> Other discussion points
> =======================
> 
> Some of these may come up in the discussion above, but these have been
> specifically suggested to me.
> 
> T)	emergency registration (not currently part of the IETF
> architecture)
> 
> U)	call identification (likely IETF outcome: request URI = sos URN
> plus loose routing)
> 
> V)	location determination mechanisms, and underlying 3GPP location
> architecture
> 
> Regards
> 
> Keith
> 
> Keith Drage
> Lucent Technologies
> drage@lucent.com
> tel: +44 1793 776249
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ecrit mailing list
> Ecrit@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ecrit


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I have spent some time going through the latest draft of the LoST
document, and had the following questions for clarification:
=20

1.	Is the 'recursive' attribute mandatory in all <findService>
queries?
Is the 'recursive' attribute mandatory only in <findService> civic
queries?
Is the 'recursive' attribute optional in <findService> queries?

Currently, the 'recursive' attribute is not shown in Figure 2
(<findService> geodetic query), but is included in Figure 4
(<findService> civic query).


2.	If a 'recursive' attribute is included in a <findService> query,
must a <via> always be present in the associated response?

Figure 4 includes a 'recursive' attribute in the query, but Figure 5,
which shows the associated response does not include a <via> element.
Also, the text in Section 6.4.1 specifies that responses to iterative
queries contain one <via> element, while responses to recursive queries
will have a <via> element for each server that was used in the
resolution.


3.	If the query originator sets the 'recursive' attribute in a
<findService> query message to "true," and the LoST server cannot answer
the query and has nowhere to forward the query to (i.e., the LoST server
does not have any arrangements with any other LoST servers to provide
assistance under this type of failure scenario), should the LoST server
treat the query as an iterative query (i.e., return an
<iterativeSearchExhausted> message)?

=20
4.	The <findServiceResponse> message in Figure 6 includes some
elements that were not identified in the 'include' attribute of the
<findService> query (e.g., displayName, serviceBoundary). Is this a
typo?  Also, this example includes a 'recursive' attribute in the query,
but there is not via in the response.  Should the <via> element be
present in the response?


5.	There seem to be some inconsistencies in Figure 12 between the
information being requested in the <findService> query and the
information provided in the <findServiceResponse> message.  The query
requests the uri and serviceNumber.  The response provides
<displayName>, <service>, and <serviceBoundary>, and does not provide
<serviceNumber>.  I assume the author intended the query to include a
request for serviceBoundary, but this raises a question.  If the query
originator did not request serviceBoundary information, and provided
location using two different profiles (as is illustrated in Figure 12),
and the server did not understand the non-baseline profile, would the
server still communicate the locationProfileError, even if it was not
returning location information (in the form of a serviceBoundary)
itself?


6.	There seems to be text missing from the last sentence of the
first paragraph in Section 10.  The text begins to talk about errors
that are labeled as fatal, but then the text just stops.  The sentence
fragment either needs to be completed or deleted.

Also, the text in Section 10.2 says that the errors described in this
section "may be generated by referent LoST serve[r]s queried on behalf
of seekers by a resolving LoST server."  This seems to imply that these
would be error indications that would be received by the resolving LoST
server.  I assume that these would be passed back to the query
originator by the resolving LoST server.  Also, I assume that if the
LoST server is both the resolving and the responding LoST server, that
it would generate these error messages and pass them back to the query
originator (possibly with the exception of the serverError element which
seems to only apply to an error indication that a resolving LoST server
would receive from a responding LoST server).  Is this correct?


Thanks, in advance, for any clarification that can be provided.


Terry Reese
Telcordia Technologies

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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Mon Nov 20 20:32:30 2006
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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Comments/Questions on draft-ietf-ecrit-lost-02
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To: "Reese, Theresa E" <treese@telcordia.com>
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Theresa,

Thanks for the questions.  Comments/answers are in-line:

On Nov 20, 2006, at 2:19 PM, Reese, Theresa E wrote:

> 1.	Is the 'recursive' attribute mandatory in all <findService>
> queries?
> Is the 'recursive' attribute mandatory only in <findService> civic
> queries?
> Is the 'recursive' attribute optional in <findService> queries?
>
> Currently, the 'recursive' attribute is not shown in Figure 2
> (<findService> geodetic query), but is included in Figure 4
> (<findService> civic query).

It is optional in both cases, with a default value of true.

> 2.	If a 'recursive' attribute is included in a <findService> query,
> must a <via> always be present in the associated response?
>
> Figure 4 includes a 'recursive' attribute in the query, but Figure 5,
> which shows the associated response does not include a <via> element.
> Also, the text in Section 6.4.1 specifies that responses to iterative
> queries contain one <via> element, while responses to recursive  
> queries
> will have a <via> element for each server that was used in the
> resolution.

This is an inconsistency in the example.  We did a very poor job of  
putting <via> in anywhere.  That has been rectified in the new set of  
examples.  I believe you have specified the behavior correctly,  
though.  However, I'll let Henning have the last word here.

> 3.	If the query originator sets the 'recursive' attribute in a
> <findService> query message to "true," and the LoST server cannot  
> answer
> the query and has nowhere to forward the query to (i.e., the LoST  
> server
> does not have any arrangements with any other LoST servers to provide
> assistance under this type of failure scenario), should the LoST  
> server
> treat the query as an iterative query (i.e., return an
> <iterativeSearchExhausted> message)?

Well, the <iterativeSearchExhasted> was actually a redirect.   
Confusing, huh?  We've pulled it, and the new XML just has a  
redirect.  You can see the next schema and examples on-line here:
http://www.tschofenig.priv.at/svn/draft-ietf-ecrit-lost/RelaxNG/

To answer your question, I believe <notFound> would be the correct  
response to the scenario you have described.

> 4.	The <findServiceResponse> message in Figure 6 includes some
> elements that were not identified in the 'include' attribute of the
> <findService> query (e.g., displayName, serviceBoundary). Is this a
> typo?  Also, this example includes a 'recursive' attribute in the  
> query,
> but there is not via in the response.  Should the <via> element be
> present in the response?

Again, the examples were not consistent with the text.  We'll fix  
that problem next time around.

> 5.	There seem to be some inconsistencies in Figure 12 between the
> information being requested in the <findService> query and the
> information provided in the <findServiceResponse> message.  The query
> requests the uri and serviceNumber.  The response provides
> <displayName>, <service>, and <serviceBoundary>, and does not provide
> <serviceNumber>.  I assume the author intended the query to include a
> request for serviceBoundary, but this raises a question.  If the query
> originator did not request serviceBoundary information, and provided
> location using two different profiles (as is illustrated in Figure  
> 12),
> and the server did not understand the non-baseline profile, would the
> server still communicate the locationProfileError, even if it was not
> returning location information (in the form of a serviceBoundary)
> itself?

Good question.  The answer would be yes, the server should provide a  
warning (<locationProfileUnrecognized> in the new schema).

> 6.	There seems to be text missing from the last sentence of the
> first paragraph in Section 10.  The text begins to talk about errors
> that are labeled as fatal, but then the text just stops.  The sentence
> fragment either needs to be completed or deleted.

Thanks.  As we mentioned in the meeting, we've overhauled the error/ 
warning scheme.  You can see that reflected in the schema which is on- 
line.  I suspect most of the text for that section will be rewritten  
entirely.

> Also, the text in Section 10.2 says that the errors described in this
> section "may be generated by referent LoST serve[r]s queried on behalf
> of seekers by a resolving LoST server."  This seems to imply that  
> these
> would be error indications that would be received by the resolving  
> LoST
> server.  I assume that these would be passed back to the query
> originator by the resolving LoST server.  Also, I assume that if the
> LoST server is both the resolving and the responding LoST server, that
> it would generate these error messages and pass them back to the query
> originator (possibly with the exception of the serverError element  
> which
> seems to only apply to an error indication that a resolving LoST  
> server
> would receive from a responding LoST server).  Is this correct?

I believe you have it correct.

-andy



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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Tue Nov 21 09:17:23 2006
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From: "Reese, Theresa E" <treese@telcordia.com>
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Andy -

Thank you for your very helpful clarifications of the LoST document.

I have one more question related to the use of the LoST protocol in
scenarios involving an ESRP (e.g., as described in
draft-ietf-ecrit-framework-00).  Since an ESRP will likely have a need
to handle multiple emergency session requests at the same time, what is
the mechanism by which the ESRP can correlate a response from the LoST
server with the LoST query it generated associated with a specific
emergency session request?  There doesn't seem to be anything in the
LoST protocol itself (e.g., a Message ID) that would allow the ESRP to
correlate LoST responses with their associated query messages.  Is the
assumption that the ESRP will use the TLS connection over which the
query/response is exchanged as the basis for this correlation?  If so,
then there will need to be multiple TLS connections set up between the
ESRP and the LoST server to ensure that performance (i.e., query
response time) is optimized. (I am assuming here that the LoST server
will be able to process multiple routing requests in parallel, like many
routing databases do today.) Otherwise, the ESRP will have to wait for
the response to a query related to one emergency session to be returned
before it sends out a query related to another emergency session.  If
there is some delay in returning a response (e.g., due to the need for
the LoST to interact with another LoST server), this delay will impact
all emergency session requests that the ESRP has received subsequent to
the one for which the LoST query was sent.  In the context of emergency
calling, it would seem to be critical that routing of one session not be
delayed waiting for a response to come back for another session
(particularly if the LoST server is capable of processing more than one
query at a time).

Can you tell me if there been any discussion regarding the inclusion of
something like a Message ID in the LoST protocol, or whether the
assumption has been that this correlation would be based on the TLS
connection over which the specific query/response was exchanged?  Has
there been any discussion regarding the number of TLS connections that
might exist between an ESRP and a LoST server to handle potential
traffic volumes?  (I know this goes beyond the specification of the LoST
protocol itself, but it does relate to the use of LoST for routing
emergency calls.)

Thanks again for any guidance you can provide.

Terry

-----Original Message-----
From: Andrew Newton [mailto:andy@hxr.us]=20
Sent: Monday, November 20, 2006 8:32 PM
To: Reese, Theresa E
Cc: ecrit@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ecrit] Comments/Questions on draft-ietf-ecrit-lost-02

Theresa,

Thanks for the questions.  Comments/answers are in-line:

On Nov 20, 2006, at 2:19 PM, Reese, Theresa E wrote:

> 1.	Is the 'recursive' attribute mandatory in all <findService>
> queries?
> Is the 'recursive' attribute mandatory only in <findService> civic
> queries?
> Is the 'recursive' attribute optional in <findService> queries?
>
> Currently, the 'recursive' attribute is not shown in Figure 2
> (<findService> geodetic query), but is included in Figure 4
> (<findService> civic query).

It is optional in both cases, with a default value of true.

> 2.	If a 'recursive' attribute is included in a <findService> query,
> must a <via> always be present in the associated response?
>
> Figure 4 includes a 'recursive' attribute in the query, but Figure 5,
> which shows the associated response does not include a <via> element.
> Also, the text in Section 6.4.1 specifies that responses to iterative
> queries contain one <via> element, while responses to recursive =20
> queries
> will have a <via> element for each server that was used in the
> resolution.

This is an inconsistency in the example.  We did a very poor job of =20
putting <via> in anywhere.  That has been rectified in the new set of =20
examples.  I believe you have specified the behavior correctly, =20
though.  However, I'll let Henning have the last word here.

> 3.	If the query originator sets the 'recursive' attribute in a
> <findService> query message to "true," and the LoST server cannot =20
> answer
> the query and has nowhere to forward the query to (i.e., the LoST =20
> server
> does not have any arrangements with any other LoST servers to provide
> assistance under this type of failure scenario), should the LoST =20
> server
> treat the query as an iterative query (i.e., return an
> <iterativeSearchExhausted> message)?

Well, the <iterativeSearchExhasted> was actually a redirect.  =20
Confusing, huh?  We've pulled it, and the new XML just has a =20
redirect.  You can see the next schema and examples on-line here:
http://www.tschofenig.priv.at/svn/draft-ietf-ecrit-lost/RelaxNG/

To answer your question, I believe <notFound> would be the correct =20
response to the scenario you have described.

> 4.	The <findServiceResponse> message in Figure 6 includes some
> elements that were not identified in the 'include' attribute of the
> <findService> query (e.g., displayName, serviceBoundary). Is this a
> typo?  Also, this example includes a 'recursive' attribute in the =20
> query,
> but there is not via in the response.  Should the <via> element be
> present in the response?

Again, the examples were not consistent with the text.  We'll fix =20
that problem next time around.

> 5.	There seem to be some inconsistencies in Figure 12 between the
> information being requested in the <findService> query and the
> information provided in the <findServiceResponse> message.  The query
> requests the uri and serviceNumber.  The response provides
> <displayName>, <service>, and <serviceBoundary>, and does not provide
> <serviceNumber>.  I assume the author intended the query to include a
> request for serviceBoundary, but this raises a question.  If the query
> originator did not request serviceBoundary information, and provided
> location using two different profiles (as is illustrated in Figure =20
> 12),
> and the server did not understand the non-baseline profile, would the
> server still communicate the locationProfileError, even if it was not
> returning location information (in the form of a serviceBoundary)
> itself?

Good question.  The answer would be yes, the server should provide a =20
warning (<locationProfileUnrecognized> in the new schema).

> 6.	There seems to be text missing from the last sentence of the
> first paragraph in Section 10.  The text begins to talk about errors
> that are labeled as fatal, but then the text just stops.  The sentence
> fragment either needs to be completed or deleted.

Thanks.  As we mentioned in the meeting, we've overhauled the error/=20
warning scheme.  You can see that reflected in the schema which is on-=20
line.  I suspect most of the text for that section will be rewritten =20
entirely.

> Also, the text in Section 10.2 says that the errors described in this
> section "may be generated by referent LoST serve[r]s queried on behalf
> of seekers by a resolving LoST server."  This seems to imply that =20
> these
> would be error indications that would be received by the resolving =20
> LoST
> server.  I assume that these would be passed back to the query
> originator by the resolving LoST server.  Also, I assume that if the
> LoST server is both the resolving and the responding LoST server, that
> it would generate these error messages and pass them back to the query
> originator (possibly with the exception of the serverError element =20
> which
> seems to only apply to an error indication that a resolving LoST =20
> server
> would receive from a responding LoST server).  Is this correct?

I believe you have it correct.

-andy



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On Nov 21, 2006, at 9:17 AM, Reese, Theresa E wrote:
[..snip..]
> Can you tell me if there been any discussion regarding the  
> inclusion of
> something like a Message ID in the LoST protocol, or whether the
> assumption has been that this correlation would be based on the TLS
> connection over which the specific query/response was exchanged?  Has
> there been any discussion regarding the number of TLS connections that
> might exist between an ESRP and a LoST server to handle potential
> traffic volumes?  (I know this goes beyond the specification of the  
> LoST
> protocol itself, but it does relate to the use of LoST for routing
> emergency calls.)

Since the current definition of LoST uses HTTP and HTTPS, both of  
which are TCP based, the way that a request is matched up with a  
response is via the session semantics of HTTP over TCP.  We have not  
discussed a message ID, as that is really a trait of the transfer  
protocol and its bound transport protocol.  With HTTP, you simply  
rely on the underlying TCP session semantics.

This means that an ESRP would indeed need to keep a connection pool  
of long-lived HTTPS/HTTP connections.  However, because of the  
caching involved and the likelihood that an ESRP would probably be  
coupled with a LoST caching resolver, it is not clear to whom the  
persistent connections will need to be made and how many will be  
needed.  We can theorize that an ESRP/LoST resolver pair will need a  
certain number of connections to the forrest guide of its  
jurisdiction and perhaps a certain set of LoST authoritative servers  
within its coverage area, but I think deployment experience will be  
the only way we really know in the end.

Within the author team and the working group, we have discussed  
bindings to other protocols... specifically SOAP and UDP.  I don't  
believe SOAP offers an answer here (and it may cause problems,  
actually), but UDP would allow many simultaneous sessions if the UDP  
binding had a message ID (like DNS or IRIS-LWZ).  The obvious problem  
with UDP is that the payloads cannot be large and there is no  
practical channel security (I believe DTLS would get you right back  
to the same point as using HTTPS).

We, the author team, decided that we could spend many thousands of  
hours trying to figure this out, and in the end we may not get it  
right due to lack of true deployment experience.  Will we need UPD?   
Will we need something like BEEP?  We truly don't know, but we are  
very confident that the XML as designed is easily adaptable to other  
transfer/transport schemes.

-andy

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From: "Murugaraj Shanmugam" <murugaraj@gmail.com>
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 Hi henning,

I went through the draft and it is in a good shape. Here are my comments:

* The draft extensively uses civic location look up as an example, however
it will be helpful for the reader to know how Geo look up will work based on
the architecture. I knew the discussion that the mechanism is the same for
both civic and geo look up but, as/for a reader, some information about geo
is missing.


* For some reasons, if the seeker gets the wrong PSAP information (or not
reachable), what the seeker shall do? Does this issue is relevant for the
architecture? For example, recommendtions to contact default PSAP?,


* IMHO, the structure of the document may be reformatted, for example
section 4 gives the overview of the operation and then section 5,6,8 also
provides some repetitve information. It would be good to combine those
sections acordingly. Then it can explain the basic operation of the mapping
architcure.
For example:
Section 4: Overview of the components/entities (Trees, FGs, Resolvers,
Seeker)
Section 5: Basic Operation (Architecture, operation, answering queries,
scalability...)

ciao,
Raj.

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<p>&nbsp;Hi henning,</p>
<p>I went through the draft and it is in a good shape. Here are my comments:</p>
<p>* The draft extensively uses civic location look up as an example, however it will be helpful for the reader to know how Geo look up will work based on the architecture. I knew the discussion that the mechanism is the same for both civic and geo look up but, as/for a reader, some information about geo is missing.
</p>
<p><br>* For some reasons, if the seeker gets the wrong PSAP information (or not reachable), what the seeker shall do? Does this issue is relevant for the architecture? For example, recommendtions to contact default PSAP?, 
</p>
<p><br>* IMHO, the structure of the document may be reformatted, for example section 4 gives the overview of the operation and then section 5,6,8 also provides some repetitve information. It would be good to combine those sections acordingly. Then it can explain the basic operation of the mapping architcure.
</p>
<div>For example: <br>Section 4: Overview of the components/entities (Trees, FGs, Resolvers, Seeker)<br>Section 5: Basic Operation (Architecture, operation, answering queries, scalability...)</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>ciao,</div>
<div>Raj.<br>&nbsp;</div>

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From ecrit-bounces@ietf.org Wed Nov 22 11:12:35 2006
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Murugaraj Shanmugam wrote:
>  Hi henning,
> 
> I went through the draft and it is in a good shape. Here are my comments:


Thanks for your comments.

> 
> * The draft extensively uses civic location look up as an example, 
> however it will be helpful for the reader to know how Geo look up will 
> work based on the architecture. I knew the discussion that the mechanism 
> is the same for both civic and geo look up but, as/for a reader, some 
> information about geo is missing.

Can you be a bit more specific about the information you'd like to have? 
This will help us address this concern, as we prepare the next version.


> 
> 
> * For some reasons, if the seeker gets the wrong PSAP information (or 
> not reachable), what the seeker shall do? Does this issue is relevant 
> for the architecture? For example, recommendtions to contact default PSAP?,

This seems to be a topic for the BCP, as it is outside the scope of the 
mapping architecture and LoST. It may also depend on the service; for 
example, a pizza service is unlikely to have a default mapping ("if all 
else fails, get cheese pizza from Domino's.")



> 
> 
> * IMHO, the structure of the document may be reformatted, for example 
> section 4 gives the overview of the operation and then section 5,6,8 
> also provides some repetitve information. It would be good to combine 
> those sections acordingly. Then it can explain the basic operation of 
> the mapping architcure.
> 
> For example:
> Section 4: Overview of the components/entities (Trees, FGs, Resolvers, 
> Seeker)
> Section 5: Basic Operation (Architecture, operation, answering queries, 
> scalability...)

I will try to streamline the document, along the lines you suggest.


>  
> ciao,
> Raj.
>  

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I've put together a short, very rough, draft on LoST synchronization.  
Until it appears in the archives, you can find it at

http://www.cs.columbia.edu/sip/draft/lost-sync/draft-schulzrinne- 
ecrit-lost-sync-00.txt

and, more readably, at

http://www.cs.columbia.edu/sip/draft/lost-sync/draft-schulzrinne- 
ecrit-lost-sync-00.html

I'd appreciate comments on the general approach.

Henning

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On Nov 26, 2006, at 8:58 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:

> I'd appreciate comments on the general approach.

Looks good.  Just a couple of suggestions:

1) There may be some need for a pull of a specific mapping with  
<getMappingsRequest>, but that isn't possible with the current  
definition.  An explicit flag on the <getMappingsRequest> element  
would solve that.

2) Have you considered something like the DNS notify mechanism, where  
a change notification is sent and the receivers can then pull changes  
at their leisure?

-andy
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<HTML><BODY style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -kht=
ml-line-break: after-white-space; "><BR><DIV><DIV>On Nov 26, 2006, at 8:5=
8 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:</DIV><BR class=3D"Apple-interchange-newl=
ine"><BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0p=
x"><FONT face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"3" style=3D"font: 12.0px Helvetica">I=
'd appreciate comments on the general approach.</FONT></P> </BLOCKQUOTE><=
/DIV><BR><DIV>Looks good.=A0 Just a couple of suggestions:</DIV><DIV><BR =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>1) There may be some need fo=
r a pull of a specific mapping with &lt;getMappingsRequest&gt;, but that =
isn't possible with the current definition.=A0 An explicit flag on the &l=
t;getMappingsRequest&gt; element would solve that.</DIV><DIV><BR class=3D=
"khtml-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>2) Have you considered something lik=
e the DNS notify mechanism, where a change notification is sent and the r=
eceivers can then pull changes at their leisure?</DIV><DIV><BR class=3D"k=
html-block-placeholder"></DIV><DIV>-andy</DIV></BODY></HTML>
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From: Henning Schulzrinne <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] New draft on LoST synchronization
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Andy,

thanks for your comments.

I'll add (1), but it is a somewhat different operation than 
getMappingsRequest. My current thought is to add three parameters, 
namely source, sourceID and version, all or some of which can be 
specified. That way, 'sourceID=foo.example.com' would only retrieve 
mappings from that source.

For (2), I'm trying to understand when this would be useful.

Henning

Andrew Newton wrote:
> 
> On Nov 26, 2006, at 8:58 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
> 
>> I'd appreciate comments on the general approach.
>>
> 
> Looks good.  Just a couple of suggestions:
> 
> 1) There may be some need for a pull of a specific mapping with 
> <getMappingsRequest>, but that isn't possible with the current 
> definition.  An explicit flag on the <getMappingsRequest> element would 
> solve that.
> 
> 2) Have you considered something like the DNS notify mechanism, where a 
> change notification is sent and the receivers can then pull changes at 
> their leisure?
> 
> -andy

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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] New draft on LoST synchronization
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On Nov 27, 2006, at 3:22 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
>
> For (2), I'm trying to understand when this would be useful.

It is just a different model of data distribution.... perhaps  
allowing the distribution nodes to get the new data when their load  
is low enough.  I was just noting it.

-andy

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From: Henning Schulzrinne <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
Subject: Re: [Ecrit] New draft on LoST synchronization
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Since the pushing side gets to decide what to include, this is  
probably a policy issue. One easy way would be to allow

<pushMappingsRequest>
   <m sourceId="lost:authoritative.example"
        sourceId="abc123" version="1" />
</pushMappingsRequest>

instead of the full mapping, at the discretion of the originating  
server.

Would that work?


On Nov 27, 2006, at 3:53 PM, Andrew Newton wrote:

>
> On Nov 27, 2006, at 3:22 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
>>
>> For (2), I'm trying to understand when this would be useful.
>
> It is just a different model of data distribution.... perhaps  
> allowing the distribution nodes to get the new data when their load  
> is low enough.  I was just noting it.
>
> -andy


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Subject: Re: [Ecrit] New draft on LoST synchronization
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On Nov 27, 2006, at 8:06 PM, Henning Schulzrinne wrote:

> Since the pushing side gets to decide what to include, this is  
> probably a policy issue. One easy way would be to allow
>
> <pushMappingsRequest>
>   <m sourceId="lost:authoritative.example"
>        sourceId="abc123" version="1" />
> </pushMappingsRequest>
>
> instead of the full mapping, at the discretion of the originating  
> server.
>
> Would that work?

I think it would.

-andy

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