From emu-bounces@ietf.org Sun Jun 04 10:27:37 2006
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Subject: [Emu] Identity Protection in EAP-TLS
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Hi Everybody,

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.


	Title		: Identity Protection within EAP-TLS
	Author(s)	: P. Urien, M. Badra
	Filename	: draft-urien-badra-eap-tls-identity-protection-00.txt
	Pages		: 7
	Date		: 2006-5-31
	
This document defines a mechanism providing EAP-TLS identity
protection.

It defines new TLS extension, in order to negotiate the symmetric
encryption algorithm that is used to encrypt or decrypt the client's
certificate.


A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-urien-badra-eap-tls-identity-protection-00.txt

Pascal 


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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Sun Jun 04 12:06:30 2006
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Subject: Re: [Emu] Identity Protection in EAP-TLS
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In general, it seems that the TLS community has been recommending a
second authentication if you have data you need to exchange that is
confidential and would normally be in the first authentication.  See
draft-housley-tls-authz-extns for an example of the use of this
method.

Clearly using this within eap-tls would require some specification
work, but I think would be preferable to your approach.


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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Sun Jun 04 14:41:09 2006
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From: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Emu] Identity Protection in EAP-TLS
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>Clearly using this within eap-tls would require some specification
>work, but I think would be preferable to your approach.

The EMU WG charter states:
"Backwards compatibility with RFC 2716 is a requirement."

So I'd like to understand which approach (if any) is backward compatible 
with existing RFC 2716 implementations.

EAP-TLS server implementations always request a certificate.   If the client 
desires privacy, it can choose not to respond to the certificate request.  
An EAP-TLS server supporting privacy would then bring up the TLS channel and 
request the certificate again, and a client supporting privacy would comply. 
However, existing EAP-TLS servers will terminate the connection if a 
certificate is not provided in response to the first request, so an uplevel 
client talking to a downlevel server would have to choose between 
connectivity and privacy, at least on the first attempt.  On subsequent 
attempts, the uplevel client could choose whether it is willing to hand over 
its certificate in cleartext and if so, it could connect using the RFC 
2716-specified sequence.

The backward compatibility of the client extension approach depends on the 
server's reaction to the offering of client extensions.  There seems to be 
an assumption that a downlevel server will ignore the extensions and that 
therefore the conversation would complete as in RFC 2716.  This would allow 
a client supporting privacy extensions but willing to connect without 
privacy to successfully authenticate on the first attempt.  However, I'm not 
clear whether the underlying assumption of extension backward compatibliity 
is actually true or not -- as I understand it, some EAP-TLS server 
implementations do not react well to extensions.



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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Mon Jun 05 05:57:31 2006
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From: Pascal Urien <urienp@tele2.fr>
Subject: Re: [Emu] Identity Protection in EAP-TLS
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Hi Everybody

At 11:41 04/06/2006 -0700, you wrote:
>>Clearly using this within eap-tls would require some specification
>>work, but I think would be preferable to your approach.
>
>The EMU WG charter states:
>"Backwards compatibility with RFC 2716 is a requirement."
>
>So I'd like to understand which approach (if any) is backward compatible 
>with existing RFC 2716 implementations.
>
>EAP-TLS server implementations always request a certificate.   If the 
>client desires privacy, it can choose not to respond to the certificate 
>request.
>An EAP-TLS server supporting privacy would then bring up the TLS channel 
>and request the certificate again, and a client supporting privacy would 
>comply. However, existing EAP-TLS servers will terminate the connection if 
>a certificate is not provided in response to the first request, so an 
>uplevel client talking to a downlevel server would have to choose between 
>connectivity and privacy,

 From our point of view the main issue in today RFC 2716 document is that 
the client always sent its identity (X509 certificate) in clear text.

In a Wi-Fi context, this is clearly a major security threat.

>at least on the first attempt.  On subsequent attempts, the uplevel client 
>could choose whether it is willing to hand over its certificate in 
>cleartext and if so, it could connect using the RFC 2716-specified sequence.
>
>The backward compatibility of the client extension approach depends on the 
>server's reaction to the offering of client extensions.  There seems to be 
>an assumption that a downlevel server will ignore the extensions and that 
>therefore the conversation would complete as in RFC 2716.  This would 
>allow a client supporting privacy extensions but willing to connect 
>without privacy to successfully authenticate on the first 
>attempt.  However, I'm not clear whether the underlying assumption of 
>extension backward compatibliity is actually true or not -- as I 
>understand it, some EAP-TLS server implementations do not react well to 
>extensions.

According to 
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-urien-badra-eap-tls-identity-protection-00.txt

the TLS extension is used in order to indicate to the server, that the 
client certificate will (MUST) be sent encrypted,
A choice of encryption algorithms MAY be supported by the client.

However the server can easily detects the encryption of the client's 
certificate, because the first bytes
(in clear text) are knows :
Certificate: [30]  [8x]  (with x=2) [Certficate_Length] [30] [8x] (with =2)

Furthermore if the server ignores  the TLS extension the client MAY send 
its certificate encrypted with its preferred
encryption algorithm (the first in the TLS extension list)

Pascal



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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Mon Jun 05 08:16:15 2006
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Subject: Re: [Emu] Identity Protection in EAP-TLS
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>Furthermore if the server ignores  the TLS extension the client MAY send 
>its certificate encrypted with its preferred
>encryption algorithm (the first in the TLS extension list)

This definitely breaks backward compatibility.



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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Mon Jun 05 10:05:00 2006
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To: "Bernard Aboba" <bernard_aboba@hotmail.com>,emu@ietf.org
From: Pascal Urien <urienp@tele2.fr>
Subject: Re: [Emu] Identity Protection in EAP-TLS
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Hi Bernard

At 05:16 05/06/2006 -0700, Bernard Aboba wrote:
>>Furthermore if the server ignores  the TLS extension the client MAY send 
>>its certificate encrypted with its preferred
>>encryption algorithm (the first in the TLS extension list)
>
>This definitely breaks backward compatibility.

The issue is that any malicious access point may forge EAP-TLS packets in 
order to collect
the supplicant's certificate (e;G. its identity)

 From the supplicant point of view, the meaning of the TLS extension is 
something like
"i want to keep secret my identity"

So a negative answer to the supplicant's request, sings like
"i need your identity in clear text"

At this step the supplicant doesn't know if the access point is malicious 
or not..

This leads to two questions

1) what is the right way to manage backward compatibility, without 
sacrificing privacy issues ?

2) do we need a new EAP type for that concern?.

Pascal




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Subject: [Emu] FW: Last Call: 'The Protected One-Time Password Protocol
 (EAP-POTP)' to Informational RFC (draft-nystrom-eap-potp)
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FYI. Comments on this EAP method specification would be most
appreciated.

>The IESG has received a request from an individual submitter to consider the 
>following document:
>
>- 'The Protected One-Time Password Protocol (EAP-POTP) '
>   <draft-nystrom-eap-potp-05.txt> as an Informational RFC
>
>The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
>final comments on this action.  Please send any comments to the
>iesg@ietf.org or ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2006-07-03.
>
>The file can be obtained via
>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nystrom-eap-potp-05.txt
>
>_______________________________________________
>IETF-Announce mailing list
>IETF-Announce@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ietf-announce
>  
>



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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Mon Jun 05 14:06:49 2006
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To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
Subject: Re: [Emu] FW: Last Call: 'The Protected One-Time Password Protocol
	(EAP-POTP)' to Informational RFC (draft-nystrom-eap-potp)
References: <E1FnG8z-00019s-Ft@stiedprstage1.ietf.org>
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I must have missed it but who did the expert review for EAP-POTP?

Ciao
Hannes


Jari Arkko wrote:
> FYI. Comments on this EAP method specification would be most
> appreciated.
> 
> 
>>The IESG has received a request from an individual submitter to consider the 
>>following document:
>>
>>- 'The Protected One-Time Password Protocol (EAP-POTP) '
>>  <draft-nystrom-eap-potp-05.txt> as an Informational RFC
>>
>>The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
>>final comments on this action.  Please send any comments to the
>>iesg@ietf.org or ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2006-07-03.
>>
>>The file can be obtained via
>>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-nystrom-eap-potp-05.txt
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>IETF-Announce mailing list
>>IETF-Announce@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ietf-announce
>> 
>>
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Emu mailing list
> Emu@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/emu
> 
> 


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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Mon Jun 05 16:06:10 2006
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Subject: Re: [Emu] FW: Last Call: 'The Protected One-Time Password Protocol
	(EAP-POTP)' to Informational RFC (draft-nystrom-eap-potp)
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Hi Hannes,

> I must have missed it but who did the expert review for EAP-POTP?

Technically, it does not need expert review for IANA allocation
since an existing allocation (#32) is used. But I believe the
document does need wider IETF review due to its potential
impact in the real world, and that's why its being last called
and I'm asking you to review it.

In any case, I have reviewed this document and as a part
of that review I also went through the same questions as
we normally do on the expert review. That review
was recently posted to the EAP WG list and resulted in
a new revision of the document.

In order to avoid e-mail duplication, if you have comments
on my review or this thread, post your comment to the EAP list.
But other comments on IETF last calls should normally go to the
ietf@ietf.org list.

--Jari


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Subject: [Emu] EMU PSK design team draft available
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The EMU PSK design team has completed a draft of a Generalized
Pre-Shared Key EAP method for consideration by the EMU working group.
Information on accessing the draft is included at the end of this
message.  Please review this draft and post comments to the EMU working
group list. =20

I would like to thank the EMU PSK design team for the hard work put into
this document. =20

Joe

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
directories.


       Title           : EAP Generalized Pre-Shared Key (EAP-GPSK)
       Author(s)       : C. Clancy, H. Tschofenig
       Filename        : draft-clancy-emu-eap-shared-secret-00.txt
       Pages           : 29
       Date            : 2006-6-6

This Internet Draft defines an Extensible Authentication Protocol
method called EAP Generalized Pre-Shared Key (EAP-GPSK).  This method
is a lightweight shared-key authentication protocol supporting mutual
authentication and key derivation.


A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-clancy-emu-eap-shared-secret-0
0.txt

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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Tue Jun 06 22:30:48 2006
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Just a random comment:

"Server identity as an opaque blog."

Many blogs are in fact quite opaque, but do we really need to force the user 
to read an opaque blog as part of the protocol? :)



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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Wed Jun 07 03:18:09 2006
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Hi Bernard,


we did not know how the server identity should look like.
Hence, we just said that it is a blog. I guess the same approach was 
used in PAX.

Ciao
Hannes

Bernard Aboba wrote:
> Just a random comment:
> 
> "Server identity as an opaque blog."
> 
> Many blogs are in fact quite opaque, but do we really need to force the 
> user to read an opaque blog as part of the protocol? :)
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Emu mailing list
> Emu@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/emu
> 
> 


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Bernard,

now I got your point :-)


Took a little bit longer....


Hannes Tschofenig wrote:
> Hi Bernard,
> 
> 
> we did not know how the server identity should look like.
> Hence, we just said that it is a blog. I guess the same approach was 
> used in PAX.
> 
> Ciao
> Hannes
> 
> Bernard Aboba wrote:
> 
>> Just a random comment:
>>
>> "Server identity as an opaque blog."
>>
>> Many blogs are in fact quite opaque, but do we really need to force 
>> the user to read an opaque blog as part of the protocol? :)
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Emu mailing list
>> Emu@ietf.org
>> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/emu
>>
>>
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> Emu@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/emu
> 
> 


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One of our charter items is to develop an enhanced EAP-TLS that can
support features that are not possible to support in a manner that is
backward compatible with RFC2716.=20

Some of the potential features on the list include:

1. Additional cipher suites (PSK, Kerberos, ECC)
2. TLS extensions=20
3. Channel Bindings
4. Identity protection

Are there additional features that should be supported by an enhanced
TLS? =20

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Subject: RE: [Emu] Identity Protection in EAP-TLS
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I agree that we need to determine what we can get away with and still be
backward compatible.  I think a big issue is whether TLS extensions are
allowed within RFC2716bis.  It may be that extensions will need to be
left for an enhanced EAP-TLS (which the working group needs to define).


Do we know what the client and server implementation problems with TLS
extensions are?=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Sunday, June 04, 2006 11:41 AM
> To: emu@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Emu] Identity Protection in EAP-TLS
>=20
> >Clearly using this within eap-tls would require some specification
> >work, but I think would be preferable to your approach.
>=20
> The EMU WG charter states:
> "Backwards compatibility with RFC 2716 is a requirement."
>=20
> So I'd like to understand which approach (if any) is backward=20
> compatible=20
> with existing RFC 2716 implementations.
>=20
> EAP-TLS server implementations always request a certificate. =20
>  If the client=20
> desires privacy, it can choose not to respond to the=20
> certificate request. =20
> An EAP-TLS server supporting privacy would then bring up the=20
> TLS channel and=20
> request the certificate again, and a client supporting=20
> privacy would comply.=20
> However, existing EAP-TLS servers will terminate the connection if a=20
> certificate is not provided in response to the first request,=20
> so an uplevel=20
> client talking to a downlevel server would have to choose between=20
> connectivity and privacy, at least on the first attempt.  On=20
> subsequent=20
> attempts, the uplevel client could choose whether it is=20
> willing to hand over=20
> its certificate in cleartext and if so, it could connect=20
> using the RFC=20
> 2716-specified sequence.
>=20
> The backward compatibility of the client extension approach=20
> depends on the=20
> server's reaction to the offering of client extensions. =20
> There seems to be=20
> an assumption that a downlevel server will ignore the=20
> extensions and that=20
> therefore the conversation would complete as in RFC 2716. =20
> This would allow=20
> a client supporting privacy extensions but willing to connect without=20
> privacy to successfully authenticate on the first attempt. =20
> However, I'm not=20
> clear whether the underlying assumption of extension backward=20
> compatibliity=20
> is actually true or not -- as I understand it, some EAP-TLS server=20
> implementations do not react well to extensions.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Emu mailing list
> Emu@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/emu
>=20

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>Do we know what the client and server implementation problems with TLS 
>extensions are?

At IETF 65, Yngve Petterson gave a presentation relating to TLS 
interoperability issues:
http://www3.ietf.org/proceedings/06mar/slides/tls-6.pdf

Slide 3 states:

Many SSL/TLS server implementations are broken with respect to forward 
compatibility:

SSLv3 servers will not talk to TLS 1.0 clients.
TLS 1.0 servers will not accept TLS extensions.
TLS 1.0 servers will not talk to TLS 1.1 clients.
TLS 1.0 servers using the wrong protocol field to negotiate version.

If anything, our own test results indicate that the problem is even worse 
than what Yngve indicates.  For example, we seen TLS 1.0 servers that cannot 
talk to TLS 1.0 clients when a ciphersuite other than RC4 (e.g. 3DES) is 
negotiated.



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Below is an announcement for a draft that I missed that may be pertinent
to some of the discussions in the working group.  It looks like it
addresses using EAP-TLS with PSK based cipher suites.=20

Joe


A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
directories.


       Title           : The EAP-TLS-PSK Authentication Protocol
       Author(s)       : T. Otto, H. Tschofenig
       Filename        : draft-otto-emu-eap-tls-psk-00.txt
       Pages           : 28
       Date            : 2006-4-20

The Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), defined in RFC 3748, is
a network access authentication framework which provides support for
multiple authentication methods.  One proposal is EAP-TLS, which
relies on the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol and allows for
certificate-based authentication.  This document specifies EAP-TLS-
PSK, which also relies on TLS, but allows for shared secret-based
authentication.  EAP-TLS-PSK supports the pre-shared key ciphersuites
specified in RFC 4279.


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draft-clancy-emu-eap-shared-secret-00.txt

KDFData:

What defines the arbitrary data (KDFData_Client and KDFData_Server)
that is to be included in the KDF? What is this used for? Chapter 7.4
defines a mechanism for server and peer to send "Extra KDF Data" to
allow binding data into the key derivation process. However, that
looks like any data could be sent and the server/peer would just
include it as a seed for KDF. Wouldn't this data need to be specified
somehow and used for something else than just an arbitrary seeding
material (e.g., export an identity or whatever else could be bound
here). The current draft does not seem to describe clearly how this is
to be used.

7.4: "If multiple entries are specified in a single PD_Payload with
PData/Specifier 3, then the first field must be used."
Is there any case where there would be more than one such entry?
Shouldn't that be just specified as an invalid message (MUST silently
ignore the packet?) instead of ignoring the extra entries that should
not have been there in the first place.

Chapter 4 seems to concatenate KDFData_Client and KDFData_Server into
the generic MSK and EMSK derivation. However, the cipher suite
specific derivation (6.1.3 and 6.2.3) does not. Was that on purpose?


ID Server/Client in key derivation:

Variable length ID_Server and ID_Client are concatenated in MK and
KDF_out derivation. This means that there is no explicitly specified
boundary between these fields and different values can produce same
keys (e.g., 'a || bc' and 'ab || c' would produce same keys). Should
ID_Server/Client length be prefixed as 16-bit value before the ID
value to make Server/Client ID boundary explicit? Alternatively 0x00
could be used as a delimiter (assuming it is not allowed in either ID
string).


Failure reporting:

What is the server/peer to do when something fails? For example, what
if GPSK-1 does not include a supported ciphersuite. What would peer
send in response? There does not seem to be an error message defined
for this purpose. Similar comments applies to other messages, i.e.,
behavior for error cases should be defined.


GKDF-X(Y, Z) definition (Chap. 5):

s%n = int( X / size ) + 1%n = int( (X + size - 1) / size)%
 (previous version would have one extra operation if X mod size = 0)

Need to define how many octets are used for i and X in input to MAC_Y.
Is this two octets in network byte order?


Input to Integrity MAC (6.1.2 and 6.2.2):

SEC_SK is the definition of how plaintext + MAC are concatenated, so
it does not look like the correct input for MAC. Should "Value of
SEC_SK in message GPSK-#" be replaced with "Payload of message
GPSK-#"? Based on other parts of the draft, it looks like this input
should be the data following OP-Code in the message.


Protected result reporting:

7.4 has following paragraph:

   Definition of the protected results indiciation field is outside the
   scope of this document.  It could be used to indicate the success or
   failure of both authentication and authorization in a secure way.

Why is this outside the scope of this document? How can 8.2 then claim:

   EAP-GPSK provides protected result indications based on information
   exchanged inside the protected data payloads.

Protected result indication sounds like a relatively simple addition
and I would prefer to see it included in the specification that
defined the new EAP method (i.e., in this document). That way, it
could be made mandatory and there would be no need for having to
handle backwards compatibility cases and allow sessions without
protected result indication in order to interoperate with many(most?)
implementations (which seems to be the case with, e.g., EAP-SIM and
EAP-AKA that leave this optional).



8.12 Channel Binding
"Channel binding is accomplished through the protected data blocks"

This draft does not specify exact mechanism for channel binding. Is
this claim valid without such specification? If nothing else,
s/is/can be/ could be considered here.



Minor comments/typos:

1:

Efficiency: s/allow for/allows for/
   (restriction ... allow_s_ for)

"Well suited for any type of device"
Hmm.. I would assume that there are many embedded devices that do not
have enough resources for running AES or SHA256, never mind
EAP-GPSK.. ;-)

2:

"CSuite_List" title missing before variable definition "An octet array
listing available ciphersuites (variable length)"

ID_Server: s/blog/blob/

3:

s/consists two/consists of two/

In GPSK-1, ...
s/peer sends its identity ID_Server/server sends its identity ID_Server/

5:

"The Code field in Figure 3 uniquely identifies a ciphersuite"
There is no Code field in Figure 3.. s%Code%CSuite/Specified% (?)

Is the following paragraph valid? 7.2 seems to indicate that
ciphersuites are always encoded as 6-octet arrays regardless of
whether they are vendir-specific or not.

   If Code=254 is used, a vendor-specific ciphersuite is encoded.  In
   this case, the following six octets identify the ciphersuite.  The
   first three octets are the vendor-specific OID, and the last three
   octets are vendor assigned.

7.2: s/indiciates/indicates/

7.3:
  s/256-bit RAND_Server/32-octet RAND_Server/ in Figure 7 (GPSK-1)
     (to be consistent with other figures)
  s/PD_Payload_1/PD_Payload_2/ in Figure 9 (GPSK-3)

7.4: s/indiciation/indication/

-- 
Jouni Malinen                                            PGP id EFC895FA

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Hi Jouni,

thanks for the detailed comments. Please find my response inline:

Jouni Malinen wrote:
> draft-clancy-emu-eap-shared-secret-00.txt
> 
> KDFData:
> 
> What defines the arbitrary data (KDFData_Client and KDFData_Server)
> that is to be included in the KDF? What is this used for? Chapter 7.4
> defines a mechanism for server and peer to send "Extra KDF Data" to
> allow binding data into the key derivation process. However, that
> looks like any data could be sent and the server/peer would just
> include it as a seed for KDF. Wouldn't this data need to be specified
> somehow and used for something else than just an arbitrary seeding
> material (e.g., export an identity or whatever else could be bound
> here). The current draft does not seem to describe clearly how this is
> to be used.

The idea was that you would bind some data that is being exchanged 
between the peer and the server to the keys by including them into the 
key derivation function.

I never saw this functionality being useful but some design team members 
liked it. It was added very late in the draft writing process. Hence, I 
guess there are some loose ends.

I personally wouldn't mind removing it again. I am missing the uses cases.

> 
> 7.4: "If multiple entries are specified in a single PD_Payload with
> PData/Specifier 3, then the first field must be used."
> Is there any case where there would be more than one such entry?
> Shouldn't that be just specified as an invalid message (MUST silently
> ignore the packet?) instead of ignoring the extra entries that should
> not have been there in the first place.
> 
> Chapter 4 seems to concatenate KDFData_Client and KDFData_Server into
> the generic MSK and EMSK derivation. However, the cipher suite
> specific derivation (6.1.3 and 6.2.3) does not. Was that on purpose?
> 

This question is related to the previous one.

The reason for not including the KDFDATA into all KDFs is that we need 
the keys before the KDFDATA is exchanged.


Added an issue for this aspect:
http://www.tschofenig.com:8080/eap-gpsk/issue3


> 
> ID Server/Client in key derivation:
> 
> Variable length ID_Server and ID_Client are concatenated in MK and
> KDF_out derivation. This means that there is no explicitly specified
> boundary between these fields and different values can produce same
> keys (e.g., 'a || bc' and 'ab || c' would produce same keys). Should
> ID_Server/Client length be prefixed as 16-bit value before the ID
> value to make Server/Client ID boundary explicit? Alternatively 0x00
> could be used as a delimiter (assuming it is not allowed in either ID
> string).
Do you see an attack if we don't use a delimiter?

Added an issue:
http://www.tschofenig.com:8080/eap-gpsk/issue4

> 
> 
> Failure reporting:
> 
> What is the server/peer to do when something fails? For example, what
> if GPSK-1 does not include a supported ciphersuite.  What would peer
> send in response? There does not seem to be an error message defined
> for this purpose. Similar comments applies to other messages, i.e.,
> behavior for error cases should be defined.


There is a mandatory to implement ciphersuite (i.e., Ciphersuite 1) and 
hence this case cannot happen.

Do you have other failure cases in mind?



> 
> 
> GKDF-X(Y, Z) definition (Chap. 5):
> 
> s%n = int( X / size ) + 1%n = int( (X + size - 1) / size)%
>  (previous version would have one extra operation if X mod size = 0)
> 
> Need to define how many octets are used for i and X in input to MAC_Y.
> Is this two octets in network byte order?

I am not so sure to what text you are referring.

> 
> 
> Input to Integrity MAC (6.1.2 and 6.2.2):
> 
> SEC_SK is the definition of how plaintext + MAC are concatenated, so
> it does not look like the correct input for MAC. Should "Value of
> SEC_SK in message GPSK-#" be replaced with "Payload of message
> GPSK-#"? Based on other parts of the draft, it looks like this input
> should be the data following OP-Code in the message.
> 

We could make the definition of SEC more clear, namely:

"
    SEC_X(Y):

       SEC is a function that provides integrity protection based on the 
chosen ciphersuite. The function SEC uses the algorithm defined by the 
selected ciphersuite and applies it to the message content Y with key X. 
As an output the message returns Y concatenated with MAC_X(Y).
"

SEC is used in the protocol in message 2,3 and 4.

Here is message 2:

    GPSK-2:

       SEC_SK(ID_Client, ID_Server, RAND_Client, RAND_Server,
       CSuite_List, CSuite_Sel [, ENC_PK(PD_Payload_1), ... ] )

Regarding the text in 6.2.2:

  The following instantiation is used: AES-128-CMAC(SK, Input) denotes
    the MAC of Input under the key SK.

    where Input refers to the following content:
    o  Value of SEC_SK in message GPSK-2
    o  Value of SEC_SK in message GPSK-3
    o  Value of SEC_SK in message GPSK-4

This would now produce

ID_Client, ID_Server, RAND_Client, RAND_Server, CSuite_List, CSuite_Sel 
[, ENC_PK(PD_Payload_1), ... ] || AES-128-CMAC(SK,
ID_Client, ID_Server, RAND_Client, RAND_Server, CSuite_List, CSuite_Sel 
[, ENC_PK(PD_Payload_1), ... ] )

We could also write "... input should be the data following OP-Code in 
the message." It might be easier.

Do I miss the issue here?


> Protected result reporting:
> 
> 7.4 has following paragraph:
> 
>    Definition of the protected results indiciation field is outside the
>    scope of this document.  It could be used to indicate the success or
>    failure of both authentication and authorization in a secure way.
> 
> Why is this outside the scope of this document? How can 8.2 then claim:
> 
>    EAP-GPSK provides protected result indications based on information
>    exchanged inside the protected data payloads.

> 
> Protected result indication sounds like a relatively simple addition
> and I would prefer to see it included in the specification that
> defined the new EAP method (i.e., in this document). That way, it
> could be made mandatory and there would be no need for having to
> handle backwards compatibility cases and allow sessions without
> protected result indication in order to interoperate with many(most?)
> implementations (which seems to be the case with, e.g., EAP-SIM and
> EAP-AKA that leave this optional).
> 

I agree with you that we should add the protected result indication to 
the document.

Added an issue to the issue tracerk:
http://www.tschofenig.com:8080/eap-gpsk/issue1

> 
> 
> 8.12 Channel Binding
> "Channel binding is accomplished through the protected data blocks"
> 
> This draft does not specify exact mechanism for channel binding. Is
> this claim valid without such specification? If nothing else,
> s/is/can be/ could be considered here.


We discussed two aspects:

* what channel binding mechanism should we use
(given the non-finalized discussions about this subject)

* where should we put it
(into this document or into a separate one)


I remember that we haven't reached a conclusion.

I think we should fix the text in Section 8.12 based on the outcome of 
our decision how to treat this subject.

I changed the text to:

"
This document enables the ability to exchange channel binding 
information. It does not, however, define the encoding of channel 
binding information in the document.
"

Added an issue:
http://www.tschofenig.com:8080/eap-gpsk/issue2

> 
> 
> 
> Minor comments/typos:
> 
> 1:
> 
> Efficiency: s/allow for/allows for/
>    (restriction ... allow_s_ for)
> 
> "Well suited for any type of device"
> Hmm.. I would assume that there are many embedded devices that do not
> have enough resources for running AES or SHA256, never mind
> EAP-GPSK.. ;-)

... that also run EAP.

> 
> 2:
> 
> "CSuite_List" title missing before variable definition "An octet array
> listing available ciphersuites (variable length)"

fixed.

> 
> ID_Server: s/blog/blob/

:-)

> 
> 3:
> 
> s/consists two/consists of two/
> 
fixed.

> In GPSK-1, ...
> s/peer sends its identity ID_Server/server sends its identity ID_Server/
> 
fixed.

> 5:
> 
> "The Code field in Figure 3 uniquely identifies a ciphersuite"
> There is no Code field in Figure 3.. s%Code%CSuite/Specified% (?)
> 

fixed.


> Is the following paragraph valid? 7.2 seems to indicate that
> ciphersuites are always encoded as 6-octet arrays regardless of
> whether they are vendir-specific or not.
> 
>    If Code=254 is used, a vendor-specific ciphersuite is encoded.  In
>    this case, the following six octets identify the ciphersuite.  The
>    first three octets are the vendor-specific OID, and the last three
>    octets are vendor assigned.
> 

fixed.


> 7.2: s/indiciates/indicates/
fixed.

> 
> 7.3:
>   s/256-bit RAND_Server/32-octet RAND_Server/ in Figure 7 (GPSK-1)
>      (to be consistent with other figures)
>   s/PD_Payload_1/PD_Payload_2/ in Figure 9 (GPSK-3)
> 
fixed.

> 7.4: s/indiciation/indication/

Thanks for your review. Please find the updated draft at:
http://www.tschofenig.com/svn/draft-clancy-emu-eap-gpsk/

Ciao
Hannes

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Subject: [Emu] Fwd: [Emudt] Formal Verification of EAP-GPSK
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Here is a forward from the EMU DT mailing list where I mentioned that we 
did a formal analysis for EAP-GPSK.
As we update the protocol I will also reapply it again.

Ciao
Hannes

-----Ursprüngliche Nachricht-----
Von: emu-bounces@machshav.com [mailto:emu-bounces@machshav.com] Im 
Auftrag von Tschofenig, Hannes
Gesendet: Freitag, 26. Mai 2006 11:21
An: emu@machshav.com
Betreff: [Emudt] Formal Verification of EAP-GPSK

Hi all,

to verify that we did not miss a severe (and potentially obvious)
security bug we ran the EAP-GPSK protocol against the AVISPA tools. The
tool could not spot problems with the protocol. (Note that does not mean
that it is correct.)

The HLPSL file can be found here:
http://www.tschofenig.com/TEMP/EMU/gpsk-Input.hlpsl

The language is similar to the one used in CASPER.
The security goal that was specified was authentication with the
Dolev-Yao intruder model being used.

More info about AVISPA can be found here:
http://www.avispa-project.org/

Some useful documents are:

* The High Level Protocol Specification Language
http://www.avispa-project.org/delivs/2.1/d2-1.pdf

* The Intermediate Format
http://www.avispa-project.org/delivs/2.3/d2-3.pdf

* HLPSL Tutorial
http://www.avispa-project.org/package/tutorial.pdf

* User Manual	
http://www.avispa-project.org/package/user-manual.pdf

Ciao
Hannes

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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Sun Jun 11 12:35:13 2006
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To: Hannes Tschofenig <Hannes.Tschofenig@gmx.net>
Subject: Re: [Emu] EAP-GPSK comments
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On Sun, Jun 11, 2006 at 02:17:28PM +0200, Hannes Tschofenig wrote:

> >ID Server/Client in key derivation:
> >
> >Variable length ID_Server and ID_Client are concatenated in MK and
> >KDF_out derivation. This means that there is no explicitly specified
> >boundary between these fields

> Do you see an attack if we don't use a delimiter?
> http://www.tschofenig.com:8080/eap-gpsk/issue4

I did not look for a concrete attack, but I've seen this kind of
explicit field delimiters being added as a fix to number of this kind of
constructions and since this does not really add much extra cost in
processing, I would add one here, too.

> >Failure reporting:
> >What is the server/peer to do when something fails? For example, what
> >if GPSK-1 does not include a supported ciphersuite.
>
> There is a mandatory to implement ciphersuite (i.e., Ciphersuite 1) and 
> hence this case cannot happen.
> 
> Do you have other failure cases in mind?

Yes, I just listed the first one. If PSK does not match, server will
find an incorrect MAC in GPSK-2. What should it do? Just send
EAP-Failure? This is related to how protected result reporting is
implemented. In perfect world, there would be no other error cases, but
implementation error or an attacker could trigger some other failure
cases in GPSK-3 or GPSK-4. I did not find clear instructions on what the
implementation should do in such a case.

Now I just had to assume that client will drop these silently and server
will send EAP-Failure. If protected result protection will be added,
that change could also cover a mechanism for reporting any error in the
messages (though, error reports for GPSK-1 and GPSK-2 may not really be
protected since a shared key is not yet available).

> >GKDF-X(Y, Z) definition (Chap. 5):
> >
> >s%n = int( X / size ) + 1%n = int( (X + size - 1) / size)%
> > (previous version would have one extra operation if X mod size = 0)
> >
> >Need to define how many octets are used for i and X in input to MAC_Y.
> >Is this two octets in network byte order?
> 
> I am not so sure to what text you are referring.

This is in GKDF-X(Y, Z) definition of chapter 5 (Ciphersuites):

   GKDF-X (Y, Z)
   {
       n = int( X / size ) + 1; /* determine number of
                                       output blocks */
       M_0 = "";
       result = "";

       for i=1 to n {
           M_i = MAC_Y (M_{i-1} || Z || i || X);
           result = result || M_i;
       }

       return truncate (result; X)
   }


The fir part is for determining n. If X=16 and size=16,
n = int(16/16)+1 = 2 even though only one MAC_Y operation would have
been needed (and n = int(16 + 16 - 1) / 16 = 1). This is just a small
rounding off-by-one cleanup.

The more important change is in adding explicit definition of how i and
X are represented in input to MAC_Y in MAC_Y(M_{i-1} || Z || i || X)
construction. This needs added text to specify that i and X are used as
16-bit values in network byte order (assuming that is the intent here; I
used that assumption while implementing this since 8-bit X might not
have been long enough to cover all needs and 16-bit values seemed large
enough for this protocol).


> >Input to Integrity MAC (6.1.2 and 6.2.2):

> We could make the definition of SEC more clear, namely:
> 
> "
>    SEC_X(Y):
> 
>       SEC is a function that provides integrity protection based on the 
> chosen ciphersuite. The function SEC uses the algorithm defined by the 
> selected ciphersuite and applies it to the message content Y with key X. 
> As an output the message returns Y concatenated with MAC_X(Y).
> "

This is fine in itself, but..

> Regarding the text in 6.2.2:
> 
>  The following instantiation is used: AES-128-CMAC(SK, Input) denotes
>    the MAC of Input under the key SK.
> 
>    where Input refers to the following content:
>    o  Value of SEC_SK in message GPSK-2

This SEC_SK cannot be 'Input'.. Input would be Y in the SEC_X(Y)
definition, i.e., this Input is being passed into SEC function as Y..

> We could also write "... input should be the data following OP-Code in 
> the message." It might be easier.

Yes.

> Do I miss the issue here?

Maybe. My main point was that SEC is a defined function and it does not
make sense to pass a function as an Input to AES-128-CMAC..

> Thanks for your review. Please find the updated draft at:
> http://www.tschofenig.com/svn/draft-clancy-emu-eap-gpsk/

Thanks. The changes looked fine ot me.

-- 
Jouni Malinen                                            PGP id EFC895FA

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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Sun Jun 11 15:30:48 2006
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Hi Jouni,

Jouni Malinen wrote:
> On Sun, Jun 11, 2006 at 02:17:28PM +0200, Hannes Tschofenig wrote:
> 
> 
>>>ID Server/Client in key derivation:
>>>
>>>Variable length ID_Server and ID_Client are concatenated in MK and
>>>KDF_out derivation. This means that there is no explicitly specified
>>>boundary between these fields
> 
> 
>>Do you see an attack if we don't use a delimiter?
>>http://www.tschofenig.com:8080/eap-gpsk/issue4
> 
> 
> I did not look for a concrete attack, but I've seen this kind of
> explicit field delimiters being added as a fix to number of this kind of
> constructions and since this does not really add much extra cost in
> processing, I would add one here, too.

I am not sure I have seen this type of construction. Maybe I just forgot 
it.

Wouldn't you then have to add a delimiter for each concatenation symbol?

> 
> 
>>>Failure reporting:
>>>What is the server/peer to do when something fails? For example, what
>>>if GPSK-1 does not include a supported ciphersuite.
>>
>>There is a mandatory to implement ciphersuite (i.e., Ciphersuite 1) and 
>>hence this case cannot happen.
>>
>>Do you have other failure cases in mind?
> 
> 
> Yes, I just listed the first one. If PSK does not match, server will
> find an incorrect MAC in GPSK-2. What should it do? Just send
> EAP-Failure? This is related to how protected result reporting is
> implemented. In perfect world, there would be no other error cases, but
> implementation error or an attacker could trigger some other failure
> cases in GPSK-3 or GPSK-4. I did not find clear instructions on what the
> implementation should do in such a case.
> 
> Now I just had to assume that client will drop these silently and server
> will send EAP-Failure. If protected result protection will be added,
> that change could also cover a mechanism for reporting any error in the
> messages (though, error reports for GPSK-1 and GPSK-2 may not really be
> protected since a shared key is not yet available).

Let me check what other EAP methods do.
I created an issue:
http://www.tschofenig.com:8080/eap-gpsk/issue5

> 
> 
>>>GKDF-X(Y, Z) definition (Chap. 5):
>>>
>>>s%n = int( X / size ) + 1%n = int( (X + size - 1) / size)%
>>>(previous version would have one extra operation if X mod size = 0)
>>>
>>>Need to define how many octets are used for i and X in input to MAC_Y.
>>>Is this two octets in network byte order?
>>
>>I am not so sure to what text you are referring.
> 
> 
> This is in GKDF-X(Y, Z) definition of chapter 5 (Ciphersuites):
> 
>    GKDF-X (Y, Z)
>    {
>        n = int( X / size ) + 1; /* determine number of
>                                        output blocks */
>        M_0 = "";
>        result = "";
> 
>        for i=1 to n {
>            M_i = MAC_Y (M_{i-1} || Z || i || X);
>            result = result || M_i;
>        }
> 
>        return truncate (result; X)
>    }
> 
> 
> The fir part is for determining n. If X=16 and size=16,
> n = int(16/16)+1 = 2 even though only one MAC_Y operation would have
> been needed (and n = int(16 + 16 - 1) / 16 = 1). This is just a small
> rounding off-by-one cleanup.
> 
> The more important change is in adding explicit definition of how i and
> X are represented in input to MAC_Y in MAC_Y(M_{i-1} || Z || i || X)
> construction. This needs added text to specify that i and X are used as
> 16-bit values in network byte order (assuming that is the intent here; I
> used that assumption while implementing this since 8-bit X might not
> have been long enough to cover all needs and 16-bit values seemed large
> enough for this protocol).
>

Sounds reasonable to me.


>>Input to Integrity MAC (6.1.2 and 6.2.2):
> 
> 
>>We could make the definition of SEC more clear, namely:
>>
>>"
>>   SEC_X(Y):
>>
>>      SEC is a function that provides integrity protection based on the 
>>chosen ciphersuite. The function SEC uses the algorithm defined by the 
>>selected ciphersuite and applies it to the message content Y with key X. 
>>As an output the message returns Y concatenated with MAC_X(Y).
>>"
> 
> 
> This is fine in itself, but..
> 
> 
>>Regarding the text in 6.2.2:
>>
>> The following instantiation is used: AES-128-CMAC(SK, Input) denotes
>>   the MAC of Input under the key SK.
>>
>>   where Input refers to the following content:
>>   o  Value of SEC_SK in message GPSK-2
> 
> 
> This SEC_SK cannot be 'Input'.. Input would be Y in the SEC_X(Y)
> definition, i.e., this Input is being passed into SEC function as Y..
> 
> 
>>We could also write "... input should be the data following OP-Code in 
>>the message." It might be easier.
> 
> 
> Yes.
> 
> 
>>Do I miss the issue here?
> 
> 
> Maybe. My main point was that SEC is a defined function and it does not
> make sense to pass a function as an Input to AES-128-CMAC..
I don't think we pass a function to AES-128-CMAC. We just use the term 
SEC as a placeholder for the specific function that is later 
instantiated Y | MAC_X(Y). This is just an editorial aspect to keep the 
protocol description in Section 3 easier to read.

Ciao
Hannes

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On Sun, Jun 11, 2006 at 09:30:41PM +0200, Hannes Tschofenig wrote:
> >>>Variable length ID_Server and ID_Client are concatenated in MK and
> >>>KDF_out derivation.

> I am not sure I have seen this type of construction. Maybe I just forgot 
> it.
> 
> Wouldn't you then have to add a delimiter for each concatenation symbol?

As far as I can tell, only the cases where a variable length data is
used in a way that there is no clear boundary between two fields (e.g.,
two variable length fields concatenated together) would need this.
Adding 16-bit length field before the variable length ID_Server and
ID_Client would resolve this by making it explicit where the boundary
between ID_Client and ID_Server is.

-- 
Jouni Malinen                                            PGP id EFC895FA

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On Sun, Jun 11, 2006 at 02:57:02PM -0400, Charles Clancy wrote:

> Thanks for your comments.  This is quite obviously a -00 document.  Many 
> of the inconsistencies you've pointed out are editorial, and certainly 
> not intentional.  We redesigned large parts of the protocol a couple 
> times, and unfortunately there are artifacts of previous designs throughout.

For -00 version, this was in quite good state. I was able to implement a
functional server and peer without any major problems and the number of
places needing "liberal interpretations" of the text was very small.

> We defined the format for "protected results indication" as out of 
> scope, mostly to get -00 out.  If the WG wants to define it in the 
> draft, then that's fine with me.  However, it might be useful to define 
> it in a seperate document, since like channel bindings, it could apply 
> to any method that supports a protected data exchange.

As long as it is available at the same time as EAP-GPSK would be taken
into use, I don't care that much whether it is included in the same
document or not. However, I would like to avoid need for
mandatory/optional selection and interoprability issues with some
implementations implementing this or not. Making it mandatory for all
cases (or not implement it at all, if that is preferred) would make
implementations simpler.

> We definitely need to add some specific text on what to do if MACs fail. 
>  I imagine the server would send an EAP-Failure if it occured after 
> packet 2, and others would be silently dropped.

One option would be to add a GPSK-ERROR opcode that would be used to
information peer of the error. In case the keys have already been
derived, this could be used as a protected result indication for the
failure case. Peer would reply with GPSK-ERROR and server would finish
the negotiation with EAP-Failure.

-- 
Jouni Malinen                                            PGP id EFC895FA

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Hi Jouni,

~snip~
> For -00 version, this was in quite good state. I was able to implement a
> functional server and peer without any major problems and the number of
> places needing "liberal interpretations" of the text was very small.

Great. How long did it take you to get something implemented?
Will the code be made available?

Ciao
Hannes


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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Sun Jun 11 18:42:07 2006
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Jouni,

Thanks for your comments.  This is quite obviously a -00 document.  Many 
of the inconsistencies you've pointed out are editorial, and certainly 
not intentional.  We redesigned large parts of the protocol a couple 
times, and unfortunately there are artifacts of previous designs throughout.

We defined the format for "protected results indication" as out of 
scope, mostly to get -00 out.  If the WG wants to define it in the 
draft, then that's fine with me.  However, it might be useful to define 
it in a seperate document, since like channel bindings, it could apply 
to any method that supports a protected data exchange.

Sections 6.1.3 and 6.2.3 are definitely in error, and should include the 
KDFData fields.

Adding length fields to ID_Server and ID_Client in the KDF can't hurt. 
Not doing so won't introduce any practical attacks, but it would 
strenghten the binding between identity and key.

We definitely need to add some specific text on what to do if MACs fail. 
  I imagine the server would send an EAP-Failure if it occured after 
packet 2, and others would be silently dropped.

-- 
Dr. Charles Clancy, Research Scientist
Laboratory for Telecommunications Sciences
clancy@ltsnet.net


Jouni Malinen wrote:
> On Sun, Jun 11, 2006 at 02:17:28PM +0200, Hannes Tschofenig wrote:
> 
> 
>>>ID Server/Client in key derivation:
>>>
>>>Variable length ID_Server and ID_Client are concatenated in MK and
>>>KDF_out derivation. This means that there is no explicitly specified
>>>boundary between these fields
> 
> 
>>Do you see an attack if we don't use a delimiter?
>>http://www.tschofenig.com:8080/eap-gpsk/issue4
> 
> 
> I did not look for a concrete attack, but I've seen this kind of
> explicit field delimiters being added as a fix to number of this kind of
> constructions and since this does not really add much extra cost in
> processing, I would add one here, too.
> 
> 
>>>Failure reporting:
>>>What is the server/peer to do when something fails? For example, what
>>>if GPSK-1 does not include a supported ciphersuite.
>>
>>There is a mandatory to implement ciphersuite (i.e., Ciphersuite 1) and 
>>hence this case cannot happen.
>>
>>Do you have other failure cases in mind?
> 
> 
> Yes, I just listed the first one. If PSK does not match, server will
> find an incorrect MAC in GPSK-2. What should it do? Just send
> EAP-Failure? This is related to how protected result reporting is
> implemented. In perfect world, there would be no other error cases, but
> implementation error or an attacker could trigger some other failure
> cases in GPSK-3 or GPSK-4. I did not find clear instructions on what the
> implementation should do in such a case.
> 
> Now I just had to assume that client will drop these silently and server
> will send EAP-Failure. If protected result protection will be added,
> that change could also cover a mechanism for reporting any error in the
> messages (though, error reports for GPSK-1 and GPSK-2 may not really be
> protected since a shared key is not yet available).
> 
> 
>>>GKDF-X(Y, Z) definition (Chap. 5):
>>>
>>>s%n = int( X / size ) + 1%n = int( (X + size - 1) / size)%
>>>(previous version would have one extra operation if X mod size = 0)
>>>
>>>Need to define how many octets are used for i and X in input to MAC_Y.
>>>Is this two octets in network byte order?
>>
>>I am not so sure to what text you are referring.
> 
> 
> This is in GKDF-X(Y, Z) definition of chapter 5 (Ciphersuites):
> 
>    GKDF-X (Y, Z)
>    {
>        n = int( X / size ) + 1; /* determine number of
>                                        output blocks */
>        M_0 = "";
>        result = "";
> 
>        for i=1 to n {
>            M_i = MAC_Y (M_{i-1} || Z || i || X);
>            result = result || M_i;
>        }
> 
>        return truncate (result; X)
>    }
> 
> 
> The fir part is for determining n. If X=16 and size=16,
> n = int(16/16)+1 = 2 even though only one MAC_Y operation would have
> been needed (and n = int(16 + 16 - 1) / 16 = 1). This is just a small
> rounding off-by-one cleanup.
> 
> The more important change is in adding explicit definition of how i and
> X are represented in input to MAC_Y in MAC_Y(M_{i-1} || Z || i || X)
> construction. This needs added text to specify that i and X are used as
> 16-bit values in network byte order (assuming that is the intent here; I
> used that assumption while implementing this since 8-bit X might not
> have been long enough to cover all needs and 16-bit values seemed large
> enough for this protocol).
> 
> 
> 
>>>Input to Integrity MAC (6.1.2 and 6.2.2):
> 
> 
>>We could make the definition of SEC more clear, namely:
>>
>>"
>>   SEC_X(Y):
>>
>>      SEC is a function that provides integrity protection based on the 
>>chosen ciphersuite. The function SEC uses the algorithm defined by the 
>>selected ciphersuite and applies it to the message content Y with key X. 
>>As an output the message returns Y concatenated with MAC_X(Y).
>>"
> 
> 
> This is fine in itself, but..
> 
> 
>>Regarding the text in 6.2.2:
>>
>> The following instantiation is used: AES-128-CMAC(SK, Input) denotes
>>   the MAC of Input under the key SK.
>>
>>   where Input refers to the following content:
>>   o  Value of SEC_SK in message GPSK-2
> 
> 
> This SEC_SK cannot be 'Input'.. Input would be Y in the SEC_X(Y)
> definition, i.e., this Input is being passed into SEC function as Y..
> 
> 
>>We could also write "... input should be the data following OP-Code in 
>>the message." It might be easier.
> 
> 
> Yes.
> 
> 
>>Do I miss the issue here?
> 
> 
> Maybe. My main point was that SEC is a defined function and it does not
> make sense to pass a function as an Input to AES-128-CMAC..
> 
> 
>>Thanks for your review. Please find the updated draft at:
>>http://www.tschofenig.com/svn/draft-clancy-emu-eap-gpsk/
> 
> 
> Thanks. The changes looked fine ot me.
> 

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On Sun, Jun 11, 2006 at 11:37:56PM +0200, Hannes Tschofenig wrote:

> >For -00 version, this was in quite good state. I was able to implement a
> >functional server and peer without any major problems and the number of
> >places needing "liberal interpretations" of the text was very small.
> 
> Great. How long did it take you to get something implemented?

Maybe a total of eight or so hours which includes reading the draft and
writing the review comments. Implementation itself with quick tests took
only couple of hours. Though, I had already implemented EAP-PSK/PAX/SAKE
before and that certainly helped here since I had all the EAP framework
and crypto routines available.

> Will the code be made available?

Server side is included in hostapd (integrated EAP server) and peer in
wpa_supplicant. The current development branch snapshot includes the
implementation (http://hostap.epitest.fi/releases/snapshots/). For
testing, I'm using hostapd as a RADIUS server with EAP-GPSK server and
eapol_test (test tool from wpa_supplicant) as a EAP-GPSK peer and IEEE
802.1X authenticator/RADIUS client. EAP-GPSK parts are in
hostapd/eap_gpsk.c and wpa_supplicant/eap_gpsk*.[ch].

-- 
Jouni Malinen                                            PGP id EFC895FA

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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Sun Jun 11 21:15:18 2006
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>Yes, I just listed the first one. If PSK does not match, server will
>find an incorrect MAC in GPSK-2. What should it do? Just send EAP-Failure?

I would recommend silent discard for packets with MAC failures, since that 
is most resilient against forgery.  Otherwise, an attacker only needs to 
correctly guess the Identifier (not hard, there are only 256 choices) and it 
can abort the EAP conversation.

>This is related to how protected result reporting is
>implemented.

If the PSK has not been  correctly configured, then it makes little sense to 
attempt to send a protected result indication, since the MAC on that message 
would also fail to verify.



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Bernard Aboba wrote:
 >> Yes, I just listed the first one. If PSK does not match, server will
 >> find an incorrect MAC in GPSK-2. What should it do? Just send
 >> EAP-Failure?
 >
 > I would recommend silent discard for packets with MAC failures, since
 > that is most resilient against forgery.  Otherwise, an attacker only
 > needs to correctly guess the Identifier (not hard, there are only 256
 > choices) and it can abort the EAP conversation.

If the EAP Server silently drops EAP-Response/GPSK-2, then how would the 
client know the PSK is incorrect?  Would the conversation just time out?

Perhaps we should add a "MAC Failed" message as Jouni suggested? 
Sending it would leave the server state unchanged.

--
t. charles clancy, ph.d.  |  tcc@umd.edu  |  www.cs.umd.edu/~clancy


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>If the EAP Server silently drops EAP-Response/GPSK-2, then how would the 
>client know the PSK is incorrect?  Would the conversation just time out?

Yes.

>Perhaps we should add a "MAC Failed" message as Jouni suggested? Sending it 
>would leave the server state unchanged.

What is the peer supposed to do with this?  If it isn't authenticated, then 
an attacker can forge it and cause the peer to abort the conversation.  If 
it is authenticated, then if the PSK is incorrectly configured, the peer 
will drop it.   Since an attacker can send a forged packet and to cause this 
message to be sent, about all the peer could do with it is log it and leave 
its own state unchanged.



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Subject: Re: [Emu] EAP-GPSK comments
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At 07:29 PM 6/11/2006, Charles Clancy wrote:
>Bernard Aboba wrote:
> >> Yes, I just listed the first one. If PSK does not match, server will
> >> find an incorrect MAC in GPSK-2. What should it do? Just send
> >> EAP-Failure?
> >
> > I would recommend silent discard for packets with MAC failures, since
> > that is most resilient against forgery.  Otherwise, an attacker only
> > needs to correctly guess the Identifier (not hard, there are only 256
> > choices) and it can abort the EAP conversation.
>
>If the EAP Server silently drops EAP-Response/GPSK-2, then how would 
>the client know the PSK is incorrect?  Would the conversation just time out?
>
>Perhaps we should add a "MAC Failed" message as Jouni suggested? 
>Sending it would leave the server state unchanged.

I am not a fan of MAC failed messages, to say the least.  Those would 
allow an adversary to start guessing the PSK and have the guesses 
deterministically validated by the server.  I would however send a 
generic failure message, if it helps.  I also agree with Bernard's 
take on this.

regards,
Lakshminath


>--
>t. charles clancy, ph.d.  |  tcc@umd.edu  |  www.cs.umd.edu/~clancy
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Emu mailing list
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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Mon Jun 12 01:56:35 2006
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Subject: Re: [Emu] EAP-GPSK comments
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On Sun, Jun 11, 2006 at 08:58:41PM -0700, Lakshminath Dondeti wrote:

> I am not a fan of MAC failed messages, to say the least.  Those would 
> allow an adversary to start guessing the PSK and have the guesses 
> deterministically validated by the server.  I would however send a 
> generic failure message, if it helps.  I also agree with Bernard's 
> take on this.

Based on the number of questions I see from end users wanting to know
what exactly went wrong and how to diagnose authentication failures, it
would be nice if there were a better mechanism for figuring out that PSK
could have been wrong that just waiting for a timeout. Unfortunately, in
the case of GPSK-2, there are no shared keys to authenticate this
information. Any errors for GPSK-3 or 4 could be reported with a MAC.

Generic error message can be faked since the peer has no way of knowing
whether the server derived the same key as it did and would have to
ignore MAC failure in the error message. Server could send some kind of
error notification that the peer is free to ignore based on its security
policy. That would allow a faster reaction on the client side and at
least possibility of the peer implementation determining that the reason
for failed authentication was in server not liking something about
GPSK-2 instead of it being unclear whether the server even received
GPSK-2.

I don't want to open any security issues with this, but it would be nice
to provide something to make it easier to report somewhat meaningful
report to the user. Now, I can just report "possible PSK mismatch or
server unreachable" after a (potentially long) timeout if GPSK-2 with
incorrect MAC is silently ignored. Would there be any mechanism to make
this report more informational for the user?

-- 
Jouni Malinen                                            PGP id EFC895FA

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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Mon Jun 12 06:57:25 2006
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Bernard Aboba wrote:
>> If the EAP Server silently drops EAP-Response/GPSK-2, then how would 
>> the client know the PSK is incorrect?  Would the conversation just 
>> time out?
> 
> 
> Yes.
> 
>> Perhaps we should add a "MAC Failed" message as Jouni suggested? 
>> Sending it would leave the server state unchanged.
> 
> 
> What is the peer supposed to do with this?  If it isn't authenticated, 
> then an attacker can forge it and cause the peer to abort the 
> conversation.  If it is authenticated, then if the PSK is incorrectly 
> configured, the peer will drop it.   Since an attacker can send a forged 
> packet and to cause this message to be sent, about all the peer could do 
> with it is log it and leave its own state unchanged.
> 

What sort of attacker are we trying to stop here?  A non-MitM, 
eavesdropping DoS attacker?  Certainly a MitM attacker can just drop all 
our packets.

If the MAC in GPSK-2 fails, the server can certainly send an 
authenticated response.  He has all the necessary information to compute 
the proper session keys.  The client jsut wouldn't be able to verify the 
MAC.

Do the following cases sound right according to normal EAP behavior?

Case 1: received one MAC-failed message with invalid MAC = PSK incorrect
Case 2: received two or more MAC-failed messages with differing invalid 
MAC = PSK incorrect, and being DoS'd

The timeout approach works too.  In that case, we can distinguish 
"invalid PSK" from "EAP Server unreachable".  If the EAP Server is 
unreachable, the client would never have received EAP-GPSK1.

-- 
t. charles clancy, ph.d.  |  tcc@umd.edu  |  www.cs.umd.edu/~clancy

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What about exchanges of arbitrary data in the protected tunnel (may
include channel binding), optional server side authentication with inner
method support for weak password. Would it make sense to create a single
TLS based tunneling method instead of two separate ones, one for
enhanced TLS, and another one for tunneling method support for weak
password?

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Joseph Salowey (jsalowey)=20
> Sent: Thursday, June 08, 2006 4:01 PM
> To: emu@ietf.org
> Subject: [Emu] Enhanced EAP-TLS
>=20
> One of our charter items is to develop an enhanced EAP-TLS=20
> that can support features that are not possible to support in=20
> a manner that is backward compatible with RFC2716.=20
>=20
> Some of the potential features on the list include:
>=20
> 1. Additional cipher suites (PSK, Kerberos, ECC) 2. TLS=20
> extensions 3. Channel Bindings 4. Identity protection
>=20
> Are there additional features that should be supported by an=20
> enhanced TLS? =20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Emu mailing list
> Emu@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/emu
>=20

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A tentative IETF 66 meeting schedule is available at:

https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/meeting_agenda_html.cgi?meeting_num=3D=

66

Note that this agenda is still subject to change. EMU is scheduled for:


WEDNESDAY, July 12, 2006
0800-1700 IETF Registration - Foyer 500D
0800-0900 Continental Breakfast - Foyer 500D
0900-1130 Morning Session I
Room 513B	APP	calsify	Calendaring and Scheduling Standards
Simplification WG
Room 518AB	INT	autoconf	Ad-Hoc Network Autoconfiguration
WG
Room 519B	IRTF	MobOpts	IP Mobility Optimizations Research Group
Room 515	OPS	v6ops	IPv6 Operations WG
Room 513C-F	RAI	mmusic	Multiparty Multimedia Session Control WG
Room 520DEF	RTG	mpls	Multiprotocol Label Switching WG
Room 519A	SEC	emu	EAP Method Update WG
Room 520ABC	TSV	nsis	Next Steps in Signaling WG





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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Wed Jun 14 14:13:59 2006
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The EMU WG charter requires that RFC 2716bis remain backward compatible with 
existing EAP-TLS implementations:

"- An update to RFC 2716 to bring EAP-TLS into standards track, clarify
specification, interoperability, and implementation issues gathered
over the years, and update the document to meet the requirements of
RFC 3748, RFC 4017, and EAP keying framework documents. Backwards
compatibility with RFC 2716 is a requirement."

Given the widespread interoperability problems experienced with TLS 
implementations, the question has arisen as what if any TLS functionality 
introduced after TLS v1.0 can be included in RFC 2716bis.

To attempt to address this, we would like to assemble a team of EAP-TLS 
implementers which may participate in impromptu tests of EAP-TLS 
interoperability (such as exchanges of RADIUS/EAP-TLS
traffic over the Internet).

If you are interested in participating, please contact me.



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From emu-bounces@ietf.org Mon Jun 19 11:50:28 2006
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Subject: RE: [Emu] Enhanced EAP-TLS
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Exchanging data within the TLS tunnel is one way to achieve channel
bindings.  I could see advantages to having a single method for legacy
password database support and enhanced TLS.  At least it seems the core
specification could be the same. =20

I'm not quite sure how to handle EAP negotiation with multiple
credentials supported by the same method.  For example, I don't see a
problem with backwards compatibility in adding additional ciphersuite
support to RFC2617bis to PSK and other credentials; I believe that most
TLS implementations handle ciphersuite negotiation correctly.  There may
a potential problem because if ciphersuite negotiation fails the only
way within EAP to try a new EAP method is to restart the entire
conversation in the lower layer.  This may be less than ideal, but I'm
not sure it is too much of a problem in reality.=20


Joe


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hao Zhou (hzhou)=20
> Sent: Monday, June 12, 2006 11:49 AM
> To: Joseph Salowey (jsalowey); emu@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Emu] Enhanced EAP-TLS
>=20
> What about exchanges of arbitrary data in the protected=20
> tunnel (may include channel binding), optional server side=20
> authentication with inner method support for weak password.=20
> Would it make sense to create a single TLS based tunneling=20
> method instead of two separate ones, one for enhanced TLS,=20
> and another one for tunneling method support for weak password?
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Joseph Salowey (jsalowey)
> > Sent: Thursday, June 08, 2006 4:01 PM
> > To: emu@ietf.org
> > Subject: [Emu] Enhanced EAP-TLS
> >=20
> > One of our charter items is to develop an enhanced EAP-TLS that can=20
> > support features that are not possible to support in a=20
> manner that is=20
> > backward compatible with RFC2716.
> >=20
> > Some of the potential features on the list include:
> >=20
> > 1. Additional cipher suites (PSK, Kerberos, ECC) 2. TLS=20
> extensions 3.=20
> > Channel Bindings 4. Identity protection
> >=20
> > Are there additional features that should be supported by=20
> an enhanced=20
> > TLS?
> >=20
> > _______________________________________________
> > Emu mailing list
> > Emu@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/emu
> >=20
>=20

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Below is a draft agenda for the EMU working group meeting.  Let me know
if you have specific items for the agenda.=20

Thanks,

Joe

EMU WG - WEDNESDAY, July 12, 2006 - 0900-1130=20
----------------------------------------------

Blue sheets - Agenda Bashing (5 min)

PSK
----
GPSK Presentation (15 min) - Hannes/Charles
GPSK Discussion (30 min)=20
PSK Working Group Item (10 min)

EAP-TLS=20
--------
RFC2716bis update - (15 min) - Bernard
EAP-TLS enhancements discussion (40 min) - TBD

Password based mechanism
-------------------------
Requirements -  15 min - TBD

Misc
-----
Implementation issues - 10 min - Dave Mitton

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> -----Original Message-----
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> Sent: Wednesday, June 21, 2006 5:01 PM
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Find enclosed below some review questions from Joe Salowey.  I still am 
researching the answers to questions 1A and 1B, so I have not included a 
proposal for these yet.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C. This document should probably reference RFC 3280.

[BA] DONE.

D. I think the last paragraph might not be quite correct:

"... Please note that in the case where the EAP authentication is remoted 
that
   the EAP server will not reside on the same machine as the
   authenticator, and therefore the name in the EAP server's certificate
   cannot be expected to match that of the intended destination. In this
   case, a more appropriate test might be whether the EAP server's
   certificate is signed by a CA controlling the intended destination
   and whether the EAP server exists within a target sub-domain."

I'm not quite sure what the is meant by "target sub-domain."  In any
case it is important that the peer be able to authorize the server as an
EAP-Server that can authorize the authenticator the peer is connecting
to. This is more than being issued by an organizational CA since that
particular CA may issue certificates for many purposes. There either
needs to be something in the certificate or the peer must have
configuration to be able to perform the authorization.

[BA] How about this?

"  The peer MUST verify the validity of the EAP server certificate, and
   SHOULD also examine the EAP server name presented in the certificate,
   in order to determine whether the EAP server can be trusted.  For
   example, just because a server certificate can chain to a trust
   anchor does not necessarily imply that it is valid for connection to
   a particular network.  As a result, the peer may also want to test
   whether the EAP server certificate is signed by a CA controlling the
   destination network and whether the Server-Id matches the format
   expected for that network.  For example, an EAP peer connecting to
   the "EXAMPLE" SSID may wish to check whether the Server-Id matches
   the regular expression "*.example.com", in addition to checking
   wehther the server certificate chains to the example.com CA."

2. Section 2.5 Key Hierarchy

A.  Why is the EMSK broken into two halves?  It should not be as this
implies a particular usage for the EMSK.  It should just be one 64 byte
value.

[BA] Right.  I've removed the mateiral on the "halves" of the EMSK.

B. Does this section tie the implementation of the PRF to 2246?  What if
TLS 1.2 supports a different PRF?

[BA] I've removed the RFC 2246 reference here and also replaced other 2246 
references with
RFC 4346 since that obsoletes 2246.

C. This section shows the TLS key hierarchy, shouldn't it show the
EAP-TLS key hierarchy?

[BA]  How about this?

"   In EAP-TLS, the MSK, EMSK and IV are derived from the TLS master
   secret via a one-way function.  This ensures that the TLS master
   secret cannot be derived from the MSK, EMSK or IV unless the one-way
   function (TLS PRF) is broken.  Since the MSK and EMSK are derived
   from the TLS master secret, if the TLS master secret is compromised
   then the MSK and EMSK are also compromised.

   The MSK is divided into two halves, corresponding to the "Peer to
   Authenticator Encryption Key" (Enc- RECV-Key, 32 octets) and
   "Authenticator to Peer Encryption Key" (Enc- SEND-Key, 32 octets).

   The IV is a 64 octet quantity that is a known value; octets 0-31 are
   known as the "Peer to Authenticator IV" or RECV-IV, and Octets 32-63
   are known as the "Authenticator to Peer IV", or SEND-IV.

   EAP-TLS derives exported keying material and parameters as follows:

   MSK(0,63)   = TLS-PRF-64(TMS, "client EAP encryption",
                    client.random || server.random)
   EMSK(0,63)  = second 64 octets of:
                 TLS-PRF-128(TMS, "client EAP encryption",
                    client.random || server.random)
   IV(0,63)    = TLS-PRF-64("", "client EAP encryption",
                    client.random || server.random)


   MSK(0,31)   = Peer to Authenticator Encryption Key (Enc-RECV-Key)
                 (MS-MPPE-Recv-Key in [RFC2548]).  Also known as the
                 PMK in [IEEE-802.11i].
   MSK(32,63)  = Authenticator to Peer Encryption Key (Enc-SEND-Key)
                 (MS-MPPE-Send-Key in [RFC2548])
   IV(0,31)    = Peer to Authenticator Initialization Vector (RECV-IV)
   IV(32,63)   = Authenticator to Peer Initialization vector (SEND-IV)
   Session-Id  = 0x0C || client.random || server.random

   Where:

   IV(W,Z)       = Octets W through Z inclusive of the IV.
   MSK(W,Z)      = Octets W through Z inclusive of the MSK.
   EMSK(W,Z)     = Octets W through Z inclusive of the EMSK.
   TMS           = TLS master_secret
   TLS-PRF-X     = TLS PRF function computed to X octets
   client.random = Nonce generated by the TLS client.
   server.random = Nonce generated by the TLS server.

         |                       | pre_master_secret       |
   server|                       |                         | client
   Random|                       V                         | Random
         |     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     |
         |     |                                     |     |
         +---->|             master_secret           |<----+
         |     |               (TMS)                 |     |
         |     |                                     |     |
         |     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     |
         |                       |                         |
         V                       V                         V
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                                                         |
   |                        MSK, EMSK                        |
   |               label == "client EAP encryption"          |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |             |             |
     | MSK(0,31)   | MSK(32,63)  | EMSK(0,63)
     |             |             |
     |             |             |
     V             V             V

      Figure 2 - EAP-TLS Key Hierarchy


   The use of these keys is specific to the lower layer, as described in
   [KEYFRAME] Section 2.1."


3. Section 2.6 Ciphersuite negotiation

A. At the SAAG meeting in IETF 65 Sam brought up an issue with multiple
layers of negotiation with EAP-TLS.  Is there a vulnerability introduced
by multiple levels of negotiation?  Is it possible that an peer or
server will negotiate a weaker authentication method though the
negotiation of TLS ciphersuites than it would through EAP negotiation?

[BA] The recommended ciphersuites are addressed in [B] below.  The major 
vulnerability is a "Type Code" replacement attack which could enable an 
attacker to force negotiation of one TLS-based EAP method instead of 
another. This could lead to a downgrade attack where the TLS ciphersuite 
policies were not uniform (e.g. EAP-TLS requires 2048-bit RSA, whereas PEAP 
will allow 1024).  I will add some text on this vulnerablity, which is 
enabled because some TLS-based methods share the same key-derivation 
formula.

B. The draft does not seem to specify which ciphersuites it is intended
to be used with.  Should it?

[BA] RFC 4346 specifies a mandatory-to-implement ciphersuite in the absence 
of guidance (e.g. RFC 2716 didn't say anything about ciphersuites).  How 
about this?

"2.6.  Ciphersuite and Compression Negotiation

   EAP-TLS implementations need not necessarily support all TLS
   ciphersuites listed in [RFC4346].  Not all TLS ciphersuites are
   supported by available TLS tool kits and licenses may be required in
   some cases.

   To ensure interoperability, EAP-TLS peers and servers MUST support
   the TLS [RFC4346] mandatory-to-implement ciphersuite:

       TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA.

   In addition, EAP-TLS servers SHOULD support and be able to negotiate
   all of the following TLS ciphersuites:

       TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5
       TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA
       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA

   In addition, EAP-TLS peers SHOULD support at least one of the
   following TLS ciphersuites:

       TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5
       TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA
       TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA

   Since TLS supports ciphersuite negotiation, peers completing the TLS
   negotiation will also have selected a ciphersuite, which includes
   encryption and hashing methods.  Since the ciphersuite negotiated
   within EAP-TLS applies only to the EAP conversation, TLS ciphersuite
   negotiation SHOULD NOT be used to negotiate the ciphersuites used to
   secure data.

   TLS also supports compression as well as ciphersuite negotiation.
   Therefore during the EAP-TLS conversation the endpoints MAY request
   or negotiate TLS compression.  Since compression negotiated within
   EAP-TLS applies only to the EAP conversation, TLS compression
   negotiation MUST NOT be used to negotiate compression mechanisms to
   be applied to data."

4. General

The document should define a Method-ID (for computing session-ID and key
names).  The method ID could be as simple as the concatenation of the
server and client Finished messages. (these hashes contain the Client
and Hello Random's as well as the identities exchanged in the
certificates).

[BA] Here is the text on Session-Id included in 
draft-ietf-eap-keying-14.txt:

"The EAP-TLS Session-Id is the concatenation of the Expanded EAP Type Code 
(including the Type,
Vendor-Id and Vendor-Type fields defined in [RFC3748] Section 5.7) with the 
peer and server nonces."

My recommendation is to add the following text to Section 2.5:

"Session-Id = 0x0D || client.random || server.random"

I don't think it necessary makes sense to add the additional zeroes for 
Vendor-Id and Vendor-Type in this case, since EAP-TLS is allocated from the 
standard type space, the Session-Id should be unique.



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>I will add some text on this vulnerablity, which is enabled because some 
>TLS-based methods share the same key-derivation formula.

How about this?

"4.6.  Packet Modification Attacks

   The integrity protection of EAP-TLS packets does not extend to the
   EAP header fields (Code, Identifier, Length) or the Type or Flags
   fields.  As a result, these fields may be modified by attacker.

   In most cases modification of the Code or Identifier fields will only
   result in a denial of service attack.  However, it may be possible
   for an attacker to add additional data to an EAP-TLS packet so as to
   cause it to be longer than implied by the Length field.  An
   implementation that does not check for this could be vulnerable to a
   buffer overrun.

   It is also possible for an attacker to modify the Type or Flags
   fields.  By modifying the Type field, an attacker could cause one
   TLS-based EAP method to be negotiated instead of another.  For
   example, the EAP-TLS Type field (13) could be changed to indicate
   another TLS-based EAP method.  Unless the alternative TLS-based EAP
   method utilizes a different key derivation formula, it is possible
   that an EAP method conversation altered by a man-in-the-middle could
   run all the way to completion without detection.  Unless the
   ciphersuite selection policies are identical for all TLS-based EAP
   methods utilizing the same key derivation formula, it may be possible
   for an attacker to mount a successful downgrade attack, causing the
   peer to utilize an inferior ciphersuite or TLS-based EAP method."



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Hi Bernard,

Thanks for the update, comments inline below:=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Saturday, June 24, 2006 6:51 PM
> To: emu@ietf.org
> Subject: [Emu] Partial Proposed Resolution to RFC 2716bis Review
>=20
> Find enclosed below some review questions from Joe Salowey. =20
> I still am researching the answers to questions 1A and 1B, so=20
> I have not included a proposal for these yet.
>=20
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> ------------------------------------------------------------
> C. This document should probably reference RFC 3280.
>=20
> [BA] DONE.
>=20
> D. I think the last paragraph might not be quite correct:
>=20
> "... Please note that in the case where the EAP=20
> authentication is remoted that
>    the EAP server will not reside on the same machine as the
>    authenticator, and therefore the name in the EAP server's=20
> certificate
>    cannot be expected to match that of the intended=20
> destination. In this
>    case, a more appropriate test might be whether the EAP server's
>    certificate is signed by a CA controlling the intended destination
>    and whether the EAP server exists within a target sub-domain."
>=20
> I'm not quite sure what the is meant by "target sub-domain." =20
> In any case it is important that the peer be able to=20
> authorize the server as an EAP-Server that can authorize the=20
> authenticator the peer is connecting to. This is more than=20
> being issued by an organizational CA since that particular CA=20
> may issue certificates for many purposes. There either needs=20
> to be something in the certificate or the peer must have=20
> configuration to be able to perform the authorization.
>=20
> [BA] How about this?
>=20
> "  The peer MUST verify the validity of the EAP server=20
> certificate, and
>    SHOULD also examine the EAP server name presented in the=20
> certificate,
>    in order to determine whether the EAP server can be trusted.  For
>    example, just because a server certificate can chain to a trust
>    anchor does not necessarily imply that it is valid for=20
> connection to
>    a particular network.  As a result, the peer may also want to test
>    whether the EAP server certificate is signed by a CA=20
> controlling the
>    destination network and whether the Server-Id matches the format
>    expected for that network.  For example, an EAP peer connecting to
>    the "EXAMPLE" SSID may wish to check whether the Server-Id matches
>    the regular expression "*.example.com", in addition to checking
>    wehther the server certificate chains to the example.com CA."
>=20

[Joe] I think this is a step in the right direction. I'm not sure that
Server-ID is the only thing you may check for a particular deployment. =20

> 2. Section 2.5 Key Hierarchy
>=20
> A.  Why is the EMSK broken into two halves?  It should not be=20
> as this implies a particular usage for the EMSK.  It should=20
> just be one 64 byte value.
>=20
> [BA] Right.  I've removed the mateiral on the "halves" of the EMSK.
>=20
[Joe] OK

> B. Does this section tie the implementation of the PRF to=20
> 2246?  What if TLS 1.2 supports a different PRF?
>=20
> [BA] I've removed the RFC 2246 reference here and also=20
> replaced other 2246 references with RFC 4346 since that=20
> obsoletes 2246.
>=20
[Joe] OK I think this is good.  How does 1.1 and 1.2 impact backwards
compatibility?

> C. This section shows the TLS key hierarchy, shouldn't it=20
> show the EAP-TLS key hierarchy?
>=20
> [BA]  How about this?
>=20
> "   In EAP-TLS, the MSK, EMSK and IV are derived from the TLS master
>    secret via a one-way function.  This ensures that the TLS master
>    secret cannot be derived from the MSK, EMSK or IV unless=20
> the one-way
>    function (TLS PRF) is broken.  Since the MSK and EMSK are derived
>    from the TLS master secret, if the TLS master secret is compromised
>    then the MSK and EMSK are also compromised.
>=20
>    The MSK is divided into two halves, corresponding to the "Peer to
>    Authenticator Encryption Key" (Enc- RECV-Key, 32 octets) and
>    "Authenticator to Peer Encryption Key" (Enc- SEND-Key, 32 octets).
>=20
>    The IV is a 64 octet quantity that is a known value;=20
> octets 0-31 are
>    known as the "Peer to Authenticator IV" or RECV-IV, and=20
> Octets 32-63
>    are known as the "Authenticator to Peer IV", or SEND-IV.
>=20
>    EAP-TLS derives exported keying material and parameters as follows:
>=20
>    MSK(0,63)   =3D TLS-PRF-64(TMS, "client EAP encryption",
>                     client.random || server.random)
>    EMSK(0,63)  =3D second 64 octets of:
>                  TLS-PRF-128(TMS, "client EAP encryption",
>                     client.random || server.random)
>    IV(0,63)    =3D TLS-PRF-64("", "client EAP encryption",
>                     client.random || server.random)
>=20
>=20
>    MSK(0,31)   =3D Peer to Authenticator Encryption Key (Enc-RECV-Key)
>                  (MS-MPPE-Recv-Key in [RFC2548]).  Also known as the
>                  PMK in [IEEE-802.11i].
>    MSK(32,63)  =3D Authenticator to Peer Encryption Key (Enc-SEND-Key)
>                  (MS-MPPE-Send-Key in [RFC2548])
>    IV(0,31)    =3D Peer to Authenticator Initialization Vector =
(RECV-IV)
>    IV(32,63)   =3D Authenticator to Peer Initialization vector =
(SEND-IV)
>    Session-Id  =3D 0x0C || client.random || server.random
>=20
>    Where:
>=20
>    IV(W,Z)       =3D Octets W through Z inclusive of the IV.
>    MSK(W,Z)      =3D Octets W through Z inclusive of the MSK.
>    EMSK(W,Z)     =3D Octets W through Z inclusive of the EMSK.
>    TMS           =3D TLS master_secret
>    TLS-PRF-X     =3D TLS PRF function computed to X octets
>    client.random =3D Nonce generated by the TLS client.
>    server.random =3D Nonce generated by the TLS server.
>=20
>          |                       | pre_master_secret       |
>    server|                       |                         | client
>    Random|                       V                         | Random
>          |     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     |
>          |     |                                     |     |
>          +---->|             master_secret           |<----+
>          |     |               (TMS)                 |     |
>          |     |                                     |     |
>          |     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+     |
>          |                       |                         |
>          V                       V                         V
>    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
>    |                                                         |
>    |                        MSK, EMSK                        |
>    |               label =3D=3D "client EAP encryption"          |
>    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
>      |             |             |
>      | MSK(0,31)   | MSK(32,63)  | EMSK(0,63)
>      |             |             |
>      |             |             |
>      V             V             V
>=20
>       Figure 2 - EAP-TLS Key Hierarchy
>=20
>=20
>    The use of these keys is specific to the lower layer, as=20
> described in
>    [KEYFRAME] Section 2.1."
>=20

[Joe] OK, I think perhaps the Session ID should start with 0x0D?

>=20
> 3. Section 2.6 Ciphersuite negotiation
>=20
> A. At the SAAG meeting in IETF 65 Sam brought up an issue=20
> with multiple layers of negotiation with EAP-TLS.  Is there a=20
> vulnerability introduced by multiple levels of negotiation? =20
> Is it possible that an peer or server will negotiate a weaker=20
> authentication method though the negotiation of TLS=20
> ciphersuites than it would through EAP negotiation?
>=20
> [BA] The recommended ciphersuites are addressed in [B] below.=20
>  The major vulnerability is a "Type Code" replacement attack=20
> which could enable an attacker to force negotiation of one=20
> TLS-based EAP method instead of another. This could lead to a=20
> downgrade attack where the TLS ciphersuite policies were not=20
> uniform (e.g. EAP-TLS requires 2048-bit RSA, whereas PEAP=20
> will allow 1024).  I will add some text on this vulnerablity,=20
> which is enabled because some TLS-based methods share the=20
> same key-derivation formula.
>=20

[Joe] OK, but we may want to also include security considerations for
the case of EAP-TLS.  When EAP-TLS is negotiated the ciphersuite that
will be chosen is not known, so it is possible that the TLS negotiation
may result is a weaker authentication method than was intended when
EAP-TLS was negotiated through EAP.  Implementations should take this
into account when negotiating TLS ciphersuites.=20

> B. The draft does not seem to specify which ciphersuites it=20
> is intended to be used with.  Should it?
>=20
> [BA] RFC 4346 specifies a mandatory-to-implement ciphersuite=20
> in the absence of guidance (e.g. RFC 2716 didn't say anything=20
> about ciphersuites).  How about this?
>=20
> "2.6.  Ciphersuite and Compression Negotiation
>=20
>    EAP-TLS implementations need not necessarily support all TLS
>    ciphersuites listed in [RFC4346].  Not all TLS ciphersuites are
>    supported by available TLS tool kits and licenses may be=20
> required in
>    some cases.
>=20
>    To ensure interoperability, EAP-TLS peers and servers MUST support
>    the TLS [RFC4346] mandatory-to-implement ciphersuite:
>=20
>        TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA.
>=20
[Joe] RFC4346 allows you define an application profile so we wouldn't
necessarily have to make this ciphersuite mandatory.=20

>    In addition, EAP-TLS servers SHOULD support and be able to=20
> negotiate
>    all of the following TLS ciphersuites:
>=20
[Joe] what do you mean support and be able to negotiate?  Why not just
support?


>        TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5
>        TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA
>        TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
>=20
>    In addition, EAP-TLS peers SHOULD support at least one of the
>    following TLS ciphersuites:
>=20
>        TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5
>        TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA
>        TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA
>=20
>    Since TLS supports ciphersuite negotiation, peers=20
> completing the TLS
>    negotiation will also have selected a ciphersuite, which includes
>    encryption and hashing methods.  Since the ciphersuite negotiated
>    within EAP-TLS applies only to the EAP conversation, TLS=20
> ciphersuite
>    negotiation SHOULD NOT be used to negotiate the=20
> ciphersuites used to
>    secure data.
>=20
>    TLS also supports compression as well as ciphersuite negotiation.
>    Therefore during the EAP-TLS conversation the endpoints MAY request
>    or negotiate TLS compression.  Since compression negotiated within
>    EAP-TLS applies only to the EAP conversation, TLS compression
>    negotiation MUST NOT be used to negotiate compression mechanisms to
>    be applied to data."
>=20

[Joe] Section looks good.=20

> 4. General
>=20
> The document should define a Method-ID (for computing=20
> session-ID and key names).  The method ID could be as simple=20
> as the concatenation of the server and client Finished=20
> messages. (these hashes contain the Client and Hello Random's=20
> as well as the identities exchanged in the certificates).
>=20
> [BA] Here is the text on Session-Id included in
> draft-ietf-eap-keying-14.txt:
>=20
> "The EAP-TLS Session-Id is the concatenation of the Expanded=20
> EAP Type Code (including the Type, Vendor-Id and Vendor-Type=20
> fields defined in [RFC3748] Section 5.7) with the peer and=20
> server nonces."
>=20
> My recommendation is to add the following text to Section 2.5:
>=20
> "Session-Id =3D 0x0D || client.random || server.random"
>=20
> I don't think it necessary makes sense to add the additional=20
> zeroes for Vendor-Id and Vendor-Type in this case, since=20
> EAP-TLS is allocated from the standard type space, the=20
> Session-Id should be unique.
>=20
>=20
[Joe] OK, I think in the sample text for section 2.5 you used 0x0c
instead of 0x0d.

>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Emu mailing list
> Emu@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/emu
>=20

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=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:bernard_aboba@hotmail.com]=20
> Sent: Saturday, June 24, 2006 7:25 PM
> To: emu@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Emu] Partial Proposed Resolution to RFC 2716bis Review
>=20
> >I will add some text on this vulnerablity, which is enabled because=20
> >some TLS-based methods share the same key-derivation formula.
>=20
> How about this?
>=20
> "4.6.  Packet Modification Attacks
>=20
>    The integrity protection of EAP-TLS packets does not extend to the
>    EAP header fields (Code, Identifier, Length) or the Type or Flags
>    fields.  As a result, these fields may be modified by attacker.
>=20
>    In most cases modification of the Code or Identifier=20
> fields will only
>    result in a denial of service attack.  However, it may be possible
>    for an attacker to add additional data to an EAP-TLS=20
> packet so as to
>    cause it to be longer than implied by the Length field.  An
>    implementation that does not check for this could be=20
> vulnerable to a
>    buffer overrun.
>=20
>    It is also possible for an attacker to modify the Type or Flags
>    fields.  By modifying the Type field, an attacker could cause one
>    TLS-based EAP method to be negotiated instead of another.  For
>    example, the EAP-TLS Type field (13) could be changed to indicate
>    another TLS-based EAP method.  Unless the alternative TLS-based EAP
>    method utilizes a different key derivation formula, it is possible
>    that an EAP method conversation altered by a=20
> man-in-the-middle could
>    run all the way to completion without detection. =20
> Unless the
>    ciphersuite selection policies are identical for all TLS-based EAP
>    methods utilizing the same key derivation formula, it may=20
> be possible
>    for an attacker to mount a successful downgrade attack, causing the
>    peer to utilize an inferior ciphersuite or TLS-based EAP method."
>

[Joe] OK, I'm not sure we need to include text about the key derivation.
If it is the key derivation that is the only difference then change will
only be caught after the completion of the method if the keys are used.

=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Emu mailing list
> Emu@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/emu
>=20

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>[Joe] OK, I'm not sure we need to include text about the key derivation.
>If it is the key derivation that is the only difference then change will
>only be caught after the completion of the method if the keys are used.

The problem is that if the EAP-TLS key derivation formula is re-used in an 
another method (as it has been), then the problem may never be caught.   So 
I think we need to caution against that.



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Subject: RE: [Emu] Partial Proposed Resolution to RFC 2716bis Review
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>[Joe] OK I think this is good.  How does 1.1 and 1.2 impact backwards 
>compatibility?

I don't think we know yet.   To get clarity, we need to do some tests. It is 
possible that only a subset of the problems that Y. Pettersen describes in 
his draft afflict TLS-based EAP methods:
http://www.watersprings.org/pub/id/draft-pettersen-tls-interop-experience-00.txt

BTW, I have verified some ciphersuite interoperability problems with 
existing implementations.  For example, it appears that 3DES ciphersuites do 
not interoperate (though they can be negotiated).

>[Joe] OK, I think perhaps the Session ID should start with 0x0D?

Oops.  Typo :(

>[Joe] OK, but we may want to also include security considerations for
>the case of EAP-TLS.  When EAP-TLS is negotiated the ciphersuite that
>will be chosen is not known, so it is possible that the TLS negotiation
>may result is a weaker authentication method than was intended when
>EAP-TLS was negotiated through EAP.  Implementations should take this
>into account when negotiating TLS ciphersuites.

It is definitely important to have policy in place.  This is required in 
EAP-TLS implementations seeking FIPS 140-2 certification -- only 
FIPS-approved ciphersuites (e.g. 3DES, AES, HMAC-SHA1) can be negotiated, 
not RC4 or MD5.

I'll add a section on this in the next rev.

> >        TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA.
> >
>[Joe] RFC4346 allows you define an application profile so we wouldn't
>necessarily have to make this ciphersuite mandatory.

Just found some interoperability issues with this ciphersuite,  so making it 
mandatory could be problematic :(

Maybe we should stick with RC4 as mandatory, and add AES as a SHOULD?  RC4 
definitely interoperates.

>[Joe] what do you mean support and be able to negotiate?  Why not just 
>support?

Support should be sufficient.  In some situations, not every supported 
ciphersuite will be negotiable (e.g. in FIPS mode, RC4 ciphersuites will not 
be negotiable).

>[Joe] OK, I think in the sample text for section 2.5 you used 0x0c
>instead of 0x0d.

Yup.  Typo :(



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> I'll add a section on this in the next rev.
>=20
> > >        TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA.
> > >
> >[Joe] RFC4346 allows you define an application profile so we=20
> wouldn't=20
> >necessarily have to make this ciphersuite mandatory.
>=20
> Just found some interoperability issues with this=20
> ciphersuite,  so making it mandatory could be problematic :(
>=20
> Maybe we should stick with RC4 as mandatory, and add AES as a=20
> SHOULD?  RC4 definitely interoperates.
>=20
[Joe] I would be tempted to specify it the other way.  I think we want
to encourage AES implementation, RC4 I'm not so sure...=20

> >[Joe] what do you mean support and be able to negotiate? =20
> Why not just=20
> >support?
>=20
> Support should be sufficient.  In some situations, not every=20
> supported ciphersuite will be negotiable (e.g. in FIPS mode,=20
> RC4 ciphersuites will not be negotiable).
>=20
[Joe] Right.  I think we want it to be implemented, but it is up to the
deployment requirements as to what is actually gets negotiated.=20

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