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Date: Fri, 2 Mar 2018 00:22:35 -0500
From: Avri <avri@doria.org>
To: Hrpc <hrpc@irtf.org>
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Subject: [hrpc] Proposed Agenda - IETF 101
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     =20
 =20

 =20
   Hi,
 =20
   =20
 =20
   What is missing=3F
 =20
   Anything that should be removed=3F
 =20
   =20
 =20
   Thanks
 =20
   Avri
 =20
   =20
 =20
   Thursday Afternoon Session 2
 =20
   =20
 =20
   Proposed Agenda HRPC IET=46 101
 =20
   (Will add times later - let me know how much you need - we have 2 hrs)=

 =20
 =20
   Beginning (5 min)
 =20
 =20
 =20
   Scribe, Note takers
 =20
   Agenda Review
 =20
    &c.
 =20
 =20
 =20
   Assorted status
 =20
   Update from the Hackathon
 =20
 =20
 =20
   Luca Belli on =E2=80=9CNetwork Self-Determination=E2=80=9D
 =20
 =20
 =20
   Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines
 =20
   Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity
 =20
   Update on draft-tenoever-hrpc-association
 =20
   Update on draft-tenoever-hrpc-political
 =20
   Update on implementation of 451
 =20
 =20
 =20
   Update on any drafts under R=46C8280 considerations review
 =20
 =20
 =20
   Open Discussion
 =20
   AOB
 =20

 =20
 =20
 =20

 =20
 =20

 =20
     
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<html><body><div id=3D=22edo-message=22><div></div><p style=3D=22margin: =
0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-webk=
it-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>H=
i,</span></p><p style=3D=22margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height=
: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-=
color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22><br></span></p><p style=3D=22margin: 0p=
x; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit=
-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>Wha=
t is missing=3F</span></p><p style=3D=22margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal=
; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto=
; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>Anything that should be re=
moved=3F</span></p><p style=3D=22margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-=
height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; backg=
round-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22><br></span></p><p style=3D=22marg=
in: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-=
webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22=
>Thanks</span></p><p style=3D=22margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-h=
eight: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; backgr=
ound-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>Avri</span></p><p style=3D=22margi=
n: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-w=
ebkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22=
><br></span></p><p style=3D=22margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-hei=
ght: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; backgrou=
nd-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>Thursday Afternoon Session 2</span><=
/p><p style=3D=22margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22=
><span style=3D=22-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(=
255, 255, 255, 0);=22><br></span></p><p style=3D=22margin: 0px; font-stre=
tch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit-text-size-a=
djust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>Proposed Agenda=
 HRPC IET=46 101</span></p><p style=3D=22margin: 0px; font-stretch: norma=
l; line-height: normal; min-height: 17.6px;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit-t=
ext-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>(Will=
 add times later - let me know how much you need - we have 2 hrs)</span><=
/p><ul><li style=3D=22margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: nor=
mal;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color=
: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>Beginning (5 min)</span></li><ul><li style=3D=
=22margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=
=3D=22-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 25=
5, 0);=22>Scribe, Note takers</span></li><li style=3D=22margin: 0px; font=
-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit-text-s=
ize-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>Agenda Rev=
iew</span></li><li style=3D=22margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-hei=
ght: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; backgrou=
nd-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>&amp;c.</span></li></ul><li style=3D=
=22margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=
=3D=22-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 25=
5, 0);=22>Assorted status</span></li><li style=3D=22margin: 0px; font-str=
etch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit-text-size-=
adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>Update from th=
e Hackathon</span></li></ul><ul><li style=3D=22margin: 0px; font-stretch:=
 normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit-text-size-adjus=
t: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>Luca Belli on =E2=80=
=9CNetwork Self-Determination=E2=80=9D</span></li></ul><ul><li style=3D=22=
margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=
=22-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, =
0);=22>Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines</span></li><li style=3D=22mar=
gin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22=
-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=
=22>Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity</span></li><li style=3D=22margin:=
 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-web=
kit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>=
Update on draft-tenoever-hrpc-association</span></li><li style=3D=22margi=
n: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-w=
ebkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22=
>Update on draft-tenoever-hrpc-political</span></li><li style=3D=22margin=
: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-we=
bkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22=
>Update on implementation of 451</span></li></ul><ul><li style=3D=22margi=
n: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22-w=
ebkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22=
>Update on any drafts under R=46C8280 considerations review</span></li></=
ul><ul><li style=3D=22margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: nor=
mal;=22><span style=3D=22-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color=
: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22>Open Discussion</span></li><li style=3D=22ma=
rgin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;=22><span style=3D=22=
-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=
=22>AOB</span></li><li></li></ul></div><div id=3D=22edo-meta=22></div><di=
v id=3D=22edo-original=22><div></div></div></body></html>
--5a98df9b_643c9869_12e--


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Date: Fri, 2 Mar 2018 08:50:41 +0000 (UTC)
From: Mark Perkins <marknoumea@yahoo.com>
To: Hrpc <hrpc@irtf.org>, Avri <avri@doria.org>
Message-ID: <1068447266.9080042.1519980641873@mail.yahoo.com>
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Subject: Re: [hrpc] Proposed Agenda - IETF 101
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Hi Avri
On reading various hrpc documents, I noted that there were some minor langu=
age errrors. I have made some edits (in red) which I hope are useful.=20

  =20
   - =C2=A0draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity
   - =C2=A0draft-tenoever-hrpc-association
   - =C2=A0draft-tenoever-hrpc-political

For the 'draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines' I have a disagreement with how intelle=
ctual property is treated as a 'human right'.
UNHDR, Article 27 states that
=C2=A0
(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material inte=
rests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of whi=
ch he is the author.

Similarly, ICESC, Article 15 uses the same language

1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyo=
ne:

(c) To benefit from the protection of the moral and material interests resu=
lting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is t=
he author.=20
The UN special rapporteur on Cultural Rights has explicitly noted that:

"Intellectual property rights are not human rights", UN special rapporteur =
tells European Parliament=20
This is the speech Farida Shaheed, UN special rapporteur in the field of cu=
ltural rights, held in front of the EP Legal Affairs Committee on May 6.=20
https://juliareda.eu/2015/05/intellectual-property-rights-are-not-human-rig=
hts/
Statement made by the Special Rapporteur on Cultural Rights at the 28th ses=
sion of the Human Rights Council
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=3D15764&La=
ngID=3DE
I suggest that the "draft-tenoever-hrpc-guidelines-01" use similar language=
 to the UDHR:
3.1.  Human rights threats"participation in cultural life, protection of in=
tellectual property (Art. 27),"
>
"participation in cultural life, protection of the moral and material inter=
ests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of whic=
h he is the author. (Art. 27),"
or
" participation in cultural life, protection of authorial moral and materia=
l interests (Art. 27),"
BUT definitely avoid including intellectual property as a human right, whic=
h is highly contested.
Best regardsMark Perkins



=20
=20

    On Friday, March 2, 2018, 4:22:48 PM GMT+11, Avri <avri@doria.org> wrot=
e: =20
=20
=20
Hi,




What is missing?

Anything that should be removed?




Thanks

Avri




Thursday Afternoon Session 2




Proposed Agenda HRPC IETF 101

(Will add times later - let me know how much you need - we have 2 hrs)
  =20
   - Beginning (5 min)
  =20
   - Scribe, Note takers
   - Agenda Review
   - &c.
  =20
   - Assorted status
   - Update from the Hackathon
  =20
   - Luca Belli on =E2=80=9CNetwork Self-Determination=E2=80=9D
  =20
   - Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines
   - Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity
   - Update on draft-tenoever-hrpc-association
   - Update on draft-tenoever-hrpc-political
   - Update on implementation of 451
  =20
   - Update on any drafts under RFC8280 considerations review
  =20
   - Open Discussion
   - AOB
   -=20
_______________________________________________
hrpc mailing list
hrpc@irtf.org
https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc
 =20
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<html><head></head><body><div style=3D"font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetic=
a, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;"><div>Hi Avri</div><div><br></div><div=
>On reading various hrpc documents, I noted that there were some minor lang=
uage errrors. I have made some edits (in red) which I hope are useful. <br>=
</div><div><br><ul><li style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:=
normal;"><span>&nbsp;draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity</span></li><li style=3D"marg=
in:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span>&nbsp;draft-tenoever-=
hrpc-association</span></li><li style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;lin=
e-height:normal;"><span>&nbsp;draft-tenoever-hrpc-political</span></li></ul=
><div><br></div><div>For the <span>'draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines' I have a di=
sagreement with how intellectual property is treated as a 'human right'.</s=
pan></div><div><span></span><div><br></div><div>UNHDR, Article 27 states th=
at<br>&nbsp;<br>(2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral a=
nd material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic p=
roduction of which he is the author.<br><br>Similarly, ICESC, Article 15 us=
es the same language<br><br>1. The States Parties to the present Covenant r=
ecognize the right of everyone:<br><br><div>(c) To benefit from the protect=
ion of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, lite=
rary or artistic production of which he is the author. </div><div><br></div=
><div>The UN special rapporteur on Cultural Rights has explicitly noted tha=
t:<br></div><br>"Intellectual property rights are not human rights", UN spe=
cial rapporteur tells European Parliament <br>This is the speech Farida Sha=
heed, UN special rapporteur in the field of cultural rights, held in front =
of the EP Legal Affairs Committee on May 6. <br><div><a href=3D"https://jul=
iareda.eu/2015/05/intellectual-property-rights-are-not-human-rights/">https=
://juliareda.eu/2015/05/intellectual-property-rights-are-not-human-rights/<=
/a></div><div><a href=3D"https://juliareda.eu/2015/05/intellectual-property=
-rights-are-not-human-rights/"><br></a></div>Statement made by the Special =
Rapporteur on Cultural Rights at the 28th session of the Human Rights Counc=
il<br><div><a href=3D"http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.=
aspx?NewsID=3D15764&amp;LangID=3DE" class=3D"">http://www.ohchr.org/EN/News=
Events/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=3D15764&amp;LangID=3DE</a><div><br></d=
iv><div>I suggest that the "draft-tenoever-hrpc-guidelines-01" use similar =
language to the UDHR:</div><div><br></div><div><pre>3.1.  Human rights thre=
ats</pre><div>"participation in cultural life, protection of intellectual  =
 property (Art. 27),"</div><div><br></div><div>&gt;</div><div><br></div><di=
v>"participation in cultural life, protection of the moral and material int=
erests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of wh=
ich he is the author. (Art. 27),"</div><div><br></div><div>or</div><div><br=
></div><div>" participation in cultural life, protection of authorial moral=
 and material=20
interests (Art. 27),"</div><div><br></div><div>BUT definitely avoid includi=
ng intellectual property as a human right, which is highly contested.</div>=
<div><br></div><div>Best regards</div><div>Mark Perkins<br></div></div></di=
v></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div> <br></div>
            <div><br></div><div><br></div>
           =20
            <div id=3D"yahoo_quoted_9983002703" class=3D"yahoo_quoted">
                <div style=3D"font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Aria=
l, sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;">
                   =20
                    <div>
                        On Friday, March 2, 2018, 4:22:48 PM GMT+11, Avri &=
lt;avri@doria.org&gt; wrote:
                    </div>
                    <div><br></div>
                    <div><br></div>
                    <div><div id=3D"yiv1849469689"><div><div id=3D"yiv18494=
69689edo-message"><div></div><p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;lin=
e-height:normal;"><span style=3D"">Hi,</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0px;fon=
t-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span style=3D""><br></span></p><p st=
yle=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span style=3D""=
>What is missing?</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line=
-height:normal;"><span style=3D"">Anything that should be removed?</span></=
p><p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span sty=
le=3D""><br></span></p><p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-heig=
ht:normal;"><span style=3D"">Thanks</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0px;font-s=
tretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span style=3D"">Avri</span></p><p style=
=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span style=3D""><b=
r></span></p><p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;=
"><span style=3D"">Thursday Afternoon Session 2</span></p><p style=3D"margi=
n:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span style=3D""><br></span>=
</p><p style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span s=
tyle=3D"">Proposed Agenda HRPC IETF 101</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0px;fo=
nt-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;min-height:17.6px;"><span style=3D"">(=
Will add times later - let me know how much you need - we have 2 hrs)</span=
></p><ul><li style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><=
span style=3D"">Beginning (5 min)</span></li><ul><li style=3D"margin:0px;fo=
nt-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span style=3D"">Scribe, Note takers=
</span></li><li style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;=
"><span style=3D"">Agenda Review</span></li><li style=3D"margin:0px;font-st=
retch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span style=3D"">&amp;c.</span></li></ul>=
<li style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span styl=
e=3D"">Assorted status</span></li><li style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:norm=
al;line-height:normal;"><span style=3D"">Update from the Hackathon</span></=
li></ul><ul><li style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;=
"><span style=3D"">Luca Belli on =E2=80=9CNetwork Self-Determination=E2=80=
=9D</span></li></ul><ul><li style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-he=
ight:normal;"><span style=3D"">Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines</span><=
/li><li style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span =
style=3D"">Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity</span></li><li style=3D"marg=
in:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span style=3D"">Update on =
draft-tenoever-hrpc-association</span></li><li style=3D"margin:0px;font-str=
etch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span style=3D"">Update on draft-tenoever-=
hrpc-political</span></li><li style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-=
height:normal;"><span style=3D"">Update on implementation of 451</span></li=
></ul><ul><li style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;">=
<span style=3D"">Update on any drafts under RFC8280 considerations review</=
span></li></ul><ul><li style=3D"margin:0px;font-stretch:normal;line-height:=
normal;"><span style=3D"">Open Discussion</span></li><li style=3D"margin:0p=
x;font-stretch:normal;line-height:normal;"><span style=3D"">AOB</span></li>=
<li></li></ul></div><div id=3D"yiv1849469689edo-meta"></div><div id=3D"yiv1=
849469689edo-original"><div></div></div></div></div>_______________________=
________________________<br>hrpc mailing list<br><a ymailto=3D"mailto:hrpc@=
irtf.org" href=3D"mailto:hrpc@irtf.org">hrpc@irtf.org</a><br><a href=3D"htt=
ps://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc" target=3D"_blank">https://www.irtf=
.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc</a><br></div>
                </div>
            </div></div></body></html>
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------=_Part_9080041_2132483288.1519980641873--


From nobody Fri Mar  2 03:41:10 2018
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From: Niels ten Oever <mail@nielstenoever.net>
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Date: Fri, 2 Mar 2018 12:40:59 +0100
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Subject: Re: [hrpc] Proposed Agenda - IETF 101
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Maybe a short discussion about the Human Rights Review Team?

Best,

Niels

On 03/02/2018 06:22 AM, Avri wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> 
> What is missing?
> 
> Anything that should be removed?
> 
> 
> Thanks
> 
> Avri
> 
> 
> Thursday Afternoon Session 2
> 
> 
> Proposed Agenda HRPC IETF 101
> 
> (Will add times later - let me know how much you need - we have 2 hrs)
> 
>   * Beginning (5 min)
>       o Scribe, Note takers
>       o Agenda Review
>       o &c.
>   * Assorted status
>   * Update from the Hackathon
> 
>   * Luca Belli on “Network Self-Determination”
> 
>   * Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines
>   * Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity
>   * Update on draft-tenoever-hrpc-association
>   * Update on draft-tenoever-hrpc-political
>   * Update on implementation of 451
> 
>   * Update on any drafts under RFC8280 considerations review
> 
>   * Open Discussion
>   * AOB
> *
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> hrpc mailing list
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Subject: [hrpc] Fwd: []irsg Note for your meetings
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-------- Forwarded Message --------
Subject: 	[irsg] Note for your meetings
Date: 	Wed, 28 Feb 2018 13:58:58 -0800
From: 	Allison Mankin <allison.mankin@gmail.com>
To: 	Internet Research Steering Group (irsg@irtf.org) <irsg@irtf.org>



Hi, there's a program giving a free day pass to students and professors
in London, which may be interesting for you inviting attendees/speakers
to your IETF 101 RG meetings.  Here's the link to the program:


https://www.ietf.org/how/meetings/101/guest-day/
<https://www.ietf.org/how/meetings/101/guest-day/>

Allison


From nobody Mon Mar  5 03:56:17 2018
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From: Corinne Cath <corinnecath@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 05 Mar 2018 11:56:02 +0000
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Subject: [hrpc] Protocol governance meeting on Friday the 16th in London
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--f4f5e805c9bc330c480566a9035b
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

Dear all,

Together with Professor Vili Lehdonvirta and Odysseas Sclavounis, I am
organizing a half-day workshop on protocol governance.

https://www.turing.ac.uk/events/protocol-people-protocol-governance-power-bitcoin-border-gateway-protocol/

You will see some familiar names listed as speakers. We will be talking
about the IETF and protocol development, but also about bitcoin.

Entry is free, and we have cookies and coffee. And we will go to the pub
after the workshop. Just shoot me an email if you would like to join!

Best,

-- 
Corinne Cath
Ph.D. Candidate, Oxford Internet Institute & Alan Turing Institute

Web: www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath
Email: ccath@turing.ac.uk & corinnecath@gmail.com
Twitter: @C_Cath
-- 
Corinne Cath
Ph.D. Candidate, Oxford Internet Institute & Alan Turing Institute

Web: www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath
Email: ccath@turing.ac.uk & corinnecath@gmail.com
Twitter: @C_Cath

--f4f5e805c9bc330c480566a9035b
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
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<div><div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-se=
rif">Dear all,</div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:verda=
na,sans-serif"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:=
verdana,sans-serif">Together with Professor Vili Lehdonvirta and Odysseas S=
clavounis, I am organizing a half-day workshop on protocol governance.=C2=
=A0</div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-ser=
if"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-seri=
f"><a href=3D"https://www.turing.ac.uk/events/protocol-people-protocol-gove=
rnance-power-bitcoin-border-gateway-protocol/" target=3D"_blank">https://ww=
w.turing.ac.uk/events/protocol-people-protocol-governance-power-bitcoin-bor=
der-gateway-protocol/</a></font><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" styl=
e=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"=
 style=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-serif">You will see some familiar names =
listed as speakers. We will be talking about the IETF and protocol developm=
ent, but also about bitcoin.=C2=A0</div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=
=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" =
style=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Entry is free, and we have cookies=
 and coffee. And we will go to the pub after the workshop. Just shoot me an=
 email if you would like to join!</div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=
=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" =
style=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Best,=C2=A0</div></div></div><div>=
<div><div><br></div>-- <br><div class=3D"m_3760692503370386208gmail_signatu=
re"><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><span style=3D"f=
ont-family:verdana,sans-serif">Corinne Cath <br>Ph.D. Candidate, Oxford Int=
ernet Institute &amp; Alan Turing Institute <br><br><span style=3D"color:rg=
b(68,68,68)">Web: <a href=3D"http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath" t=
arget=3D"_blank">www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath</a> <br>Email: <a hre=
f=3D"mailto:ccath@turing.ac.uk" target=3D"_blank">ccath@turing.ac.uk</a> &a=
mp; <a href=3D"mailto:corinnecath@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">corinnecath@=
gmail.com</a><br>Twitter: @C_Cath</span><br></span></div></div></div></div>=
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</div></div>-- <br><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_signature" data-smartmai=
l=3D"gmail_signature"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=
=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr">=
<span style=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-serif">Corinne Cath <br>Ph.D. Candi=
date, Oxford Internet Institute &amp; Alan Turing Institute <br><br><span s=
tyle=3D"color:rgb(68,68,68)">Web: <a href=3D"http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people=
/corinne-cath" target=3D"_blank">www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath</a> <=
br>Email: <a href=3D"mailto:ccath@turing.ac.uk" target=3D"_blank">ccath@tur=
ing.ac.uk</a> &amp; <a href=3D"mailto:corinnecath@gmail.com" target=3D"_bla=
nk">corinnecath@gmail.com</a><br>Twitter: @C_Cath</span><br></span></div></=
div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

--f4f5e805c9bc330c480566a9035b--


From nobody Mon Mar  5 07:18:12 2018
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Date: Mon, 5 Mar 2018 16:18:05 +0100
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Mark Perkins <marknoumea@yahoo.com>
Cc: Hrpc <hrpc@irtf.org>, Avri <avri@doria.org>
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On Fri, Mar 02, 2018 at 08:50:41AM +0000,
 Mark Perkins <marknoumea@yahoo.com> wrote 
 a message of 2346 lines which said:

> On reading various hrpc documents, I noted that there were some
> minor language errrors.

draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity modified, it will appear in the next
version, thanks.

> I have made some edits (in red)

I personnally prefer patches over the Markdown source
<https://github.com/nllz/IRTF-HRPC>.


From nobody Tue Mar  6 08:47:28 2018
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From: John Mattsson <john.mattsson@ericsson.com>
To: "cfrg@irtf.org" <cfrg@irtf.org>, "saag@ietf.org" <saag@ietf.org>, "hrpc@irtf.org" <hrpc@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: Curve25519 chosen for identity encryption in 3GPP 5G
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Subject: [hrpc] Curve25519 chosen for identity encryption in 3GPP 5G
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ZHk+DQo8L2h0bWw+DQo=

--_000_2279226F67C14FE7B8B4F87AD6AED7C0ericssoncom_--


From nobody Wed Mar  7 11:23:21 2018
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Subject: Re: [hrpc] Curve25519 chosen for identity encryption in 3GPP 5G
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Good news! Thanks for the update :-)

On 2018-03-06 17:47, John Mattsson wrote:
>
> I am happy to announce that Curve25519 [RFC 7748] will be mandatory to
> support [S3-180964] for ECIES encryption of subscriber=E2=80=99s long-t=
erm
> identifiers (formerly known as IMSIs) in 3GPP 5G. This significantly
> improve subscribers=E2=80=99 privacy by protecting against so called IM=
SI
> catchers. Curve448 will likely be added in a later release as 3GPP is
> looking at introducing a higher security level requested by
> governments and financial institutions.
>
> =C2=A0
>
> Cheers,
>
> John
>
> =C2=A0
>
> http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG3_Security/TSGS3_90Bis_SanDiego/docs/S=
3-180964.zip
>
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7748
>
> https://www.ericsson.com/research-blog/protecting-5g-imsi-catchers/
>
> =C2=A0
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> hrpc mailing list
> hrpc@irtf.org
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc


--=20
Amelia Andersdotter
Technical Consultant, Digital Programme

ARTICLE19
www.article19.org

PGP: 3D5D B6CA B852 B988 055A 6A6F FEF1 C294 B4E8 0B55


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On Fri, Mar 02, 2018 at 12:40:59PM +0100,
 Niels ten Oever <mail@nielstenoever.net> wrote 
 a message of 80 lines which said:

> Maybe a short discussion about the Human Rights Review Team?

I support the idea.


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--zyub5wc6mwojgcfj
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There are security / privacy / human rights consequences of
Internet-Drafts even when it seems to be purely technical and very
limited…


--zyub5wc6mwojgcfj
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Old-From: "Wessels, Duane" <dwessels@verisign.com>
To: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
Thread-Topic: [EXTERNAL] [DNSOP] I-D Action:
 draft-ietf-dnsop-kskroll-sentinel-03.txt
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Old-Subject: Re: [DNSOP] I-D Action: draft-ietf-dnsop-kskroll-sentinel-03.txt
From: "Wessels, Duane" <dwessels@verisign.com>
Subject: Re: I-D Action: draft-ietf-dnsop-kskroll-sentinel-03.txt

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Hey everyone,

First of all thank you very much for all your responses. I apologize
that it took me so long to reply, but the comments deserved a thoughtful
response, and some time to read and write.

Before I go any further, let me remind you all that our new version -03
is online https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tenoever-hrpc-association-03

We made an initial mistake: it's an assembly, not an association,
precisely because of the ephemeral nature of the internet (taken as a
social pact as well). I will mix literal quotes from the past emails
that we've shared. Sorry if it's a bit long, but I'd rather read
everything all together. It helps me not lose track of mailing lists

1) Niels wrote
"Not completely, right? There are rules ASes need to abide by to be able
to receive an ASN. That is the bare minimum.Next to that other. ASes
also need to _want_ to peer with you, else you're still not connected.
So there are pre-conditions. Including use of IP. So there are simple
rules that ASes need to abide by to join the Internet."

## My questions for him are the following (and I hope everyone feels
free to jump in as well)
* What are those rules? Who made them? Is there a central authority?
* Would the IP actually precondition anything in terms of rights?

2) Andrew wrote:

"If you join a semi-public conversation in a bus, you have to speak that
vernacular, not creep people out, and so on.  Also, you need to want to
participate, which presumes that you are getting something out of it.
Do you have a _right_ to join the conversation?  I rather hope not, or
else I rather hope that the meaning of "right" is considerably weaker
than it seems to be in contemporary socio-political discourse."

## I have read a bunch of your responses together, and I think we are
coming back to the discussion of what is public. On may 2017 I wrote
(Full email here)
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/search/?email_list=hrpc&qdr=y&so=date

## _____There's many definitions of "public": 1) the one that derives
from governmental power [a.k.a. monopoly of the legitimate use of
violence]; 2) goods and services that are non-rival and non-exclusive,
like some "public services"; 3) a "sphere" or space where citizenship
can discuss things outside of governmental reach (a public sphere
itself). This is important, because you CAN protest at a mall without
being kicked out. Even though it's a "private space" it becomes a
"public sphere" because of potential broad interactions. How can we talk
about this at the infrastructure level?______

## We haven't gone back to that in the -03 draft, but this makes me
think we could go deeper and explore the obligations of "private" ASes
vis-á-vis the internet: a broader "public service"? That's why I'm
intrigued about verbalizing what I previously wrote on question 1). More
of Andrew's arguments below:

"I still don't understand how any of that responds to the main point I
was making.  The draft as it stands appears to me to conjure into being
the requirement that any given AS -- or maybe only some ASes, I am not
sure -- MUST route the packets of (some?) other ASes as a matter of the
right of association.  This strikes me as the sort of massive elevation
of political preference to "a right" that underpins Bentham's original
description of natural rights.  I simply do not see how anything in the
Internet architecutre allows someone to insist on the right of free
packet passage.  I really _want_ that passage, and think it is an
unalloyed good thing.  But I do not see why (and the draft provides, as
far as I can tell, zero argument for why) this is a "right" as opposed
to the collectively self-interested way by which everyone gets a global
Internet.

3) There's another point about human rights binding states but not
private entities directly if I'm correct, right? Andrew said:

Andrew said: "Since, as you point out, there can be no forced
association because of association being a freedom, then it cannot
possibly be the case that I can be forced to carry the traffic of
someone on my network. But if my network is a critical path between two
people who want to associate on the Internet, then their right of
freedom of association and my right not to associate with one of them
are necessarily in conflict.  In this case, I don't actually see what it
gains us to claim that there is a right to associate freely on the
Internet, since as a practical matter such a right is _always_ in
conflict with the right of someone else not to so associate.  So either
this claim of a right is empty, or else it imbalances the scale towards
individuals' rights to associate with one another at the expense of
private operators' rights not to so participate.

## YES! Exactly, that's what we meant when we first started discussing
this. THAT'S the leap we have to make. For a greater "public service"
you have to obey certain obligations, even if you are a "private AS"

4) About the Bolivian law:

Bortzmeyer wrote: "About the issue of "mandatory peering" (not a good
term, but I'm too lazy to find a better one), HRPC participants may be
interested by the bolivian law of 2011
<https://www.lexivox.org/norms/BO-L-N164.xhtml> "Artículo 50.
(INTERCONEXIÓN ENTRE PROVEEDORES DE INTERNET). Los proveedores de
internet, deben obligatoriamente establecer y aceptar interconexiones
entre sí, dentro del territorio nacional, a través de un punto de
intercambio de tráfico, a fin de cursar el tráfico de internet, de
acuerdo a las condiciones establecidas mediante reglamento." I translate
it very roughly "Article 50 (interconnection of Internet access
providers). Internet access providers MUST set up interconnections
between them, inside the country, through an Internet exchange point, to
exchange Internet traffic. The precise conditions will be described in a
regulation." [AFAIK, this regulation is being drafted currently.]

## It makes me think of "common carriage" provisions for
telecommunication companies. For McChesney, when the Internet was
privatised around 1992, telephone and cable television companies that
owned the Internet's physical infrastructure figured that the best way
to avoid losing their market share was to charge for the use or
"interconnection" was to rent them out. In 1992, US law required these
companies to comply with common carriage provisions: that they not
charge other service providers for the use of their cables to connect to
the Internet. I haven't checked again Wu's first paper on net
neutrality, but I believe something of the sort could be found
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=388863
## This law from 2012 specifies the 2011 one from Bolivia
https://www.lexivox.org/norms/BO-RE-DSN1391.xhtml (am I missing
something) It specifies the internet is a "public service" (a lot of the
current net neutrality battles center around that: if it's a mere
information service, common carriage provisions do not apply). What is
interesting is the very specific regulation that stems from this. Almost
treating ISPs like "public broadcasters"
## It also seems that the government gives out licences to operate
private networks, but considers the internet a public service, therefore
forces certain ISPs to give connection. It even specifies mandatory
"interconection with networks that use voice over IP" (I swear that's
what the law says, artícle 95).
## While I type this, I wonder if we could net neutrality out. Could it
be net neutrality that binds ASes so that the broader Internet as a
"public service" can work? Is it relevant to think this in terms of
right to association?

Anyways, thanks again. Happy to keep this moving forward :)

Cheers


Gisela


El 2/23/18 a las 9:38 AM, Andrew Sullivan escribió:
> Hi,
> 
> 
> 
> On Fri, Feb 23, 2018 at 02:59:35PM +0100, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
>>
>> About the issue of "mandatory peering" (not a good term, but I'm too
>> lazy to find a better one), HRPC participants may be interested by the
>> bolivian law of 2011 <https://www.lexivox.org/norms/BO-L-N164.xhtml>
> 
> I think the example is an interesting one.  The danger from a
> technical point of view, of course, is that the Internet could be
> transformed into a country-based catanet if everyone did this.
> 
>> Before evaluating this law, remember that Bolivia is the poorest
>> country in Latin America and, outside OECD countries, the default
>> behavior of IAP is to interconnect outside of the country.
> 
> There are indeed good arguments for why to do it in that case.  But
> many regulatory regimes have good arguments behind them, but in
> practice turn out to have technical consequences people didn't
> understand and that they find undesirable.
> 
> And of course none of this addresses the question of whether there are
> rights involved here.  It does appear to suggest that, in Bolivia, you
> give up your right of disassociation from others if you want to carry
> traffic on behalf of some other set of others.  Without a lot of
> study, it's hard to say whether such an arrangement is good for the
> Internet in Boliva, and I doubt I am qualified to do such a study
> because of how weak my knowledge of local language and markets is.
> 
> Best regards,
> 
> A
> 


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Inline. I'm not going through your entire email (breakfast and the =
activities of the day prevent that), but I'll make a few comments.

On Mar 13, 2018, at 12:59 AM, Gisela Perez de Acha =
<gisela@derechosdigitales.org> wrote:
> Hey everyone,
>=20
> First of all thank you very much for all your responses. I apologize
> that it took me so long to reply, but the comments deserved a =
thoughtful
> response, and some time to read and write.
>=20
> Before I go any further, let me remind you all that our new version =
-03
> is online =
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tenoever-hrpc-association-03
>=20
> We made an initial mistake: it's an assembly, not an association,
> precisely because of the ephemeral nature of the internet (taken as a
> social pact as well). I will mix literal quotes from the past emails
> that we've shared. Sorry if it's a bit long, but I'd rather read
> everything all together. It helps me not lose track of mailing lists
>=20
> 1) Niels wrote
> "Not completely, right? There are rules ASes need to abide by to be =
able
> to receive an ASN. That is the bare minimum.Next to that other. ASes
> also need to _want_ to peer with you, else you're still not connected.
> So there are pre-conditions. Including use of IP. So there are simple
> rules that ASes need to abide by to join the Internet."
>=20
> ## My questions for him are the following (and I hope everyone feels
> free to jump in as well)
> * What are those rules? Who made them? Is there a central authority?
> * Would the IP actually precondition anything in terms of rights?

The rules are technical in nature, as the term is a technical term used =
in routing and in the description of the design of the Internet. The =
earliest document that I find that uses the term 'Autonomous System' and =
discusses rules by that name is RFC 820, which in turn refers to RFC =
827. RFC 827 is a description of EGP, a predecessor protocol to BGP. The =
"rules" in the EGP design are, first, a description of the early ARPANET =
- a central core to which some number of "autonomous systems" are =
connected using an Internet Message Processor (IMP), and the assignment =
of a 16 bit AS number to such systems for purposes of identification. =
Such networks use IPv4 and ICMP to communicate.

The "central authority" in a technical protocol design is the designer =
of the protocol. In this case, there are a very few important people, =
but the "designer" is probably best defined as the early technical =
community, as the protocols grew out of discussions among the community.

> 2) Andrew wrote:
>=20
> "If you join a semi-public conversation in a bus, you have to speak =
that
> vernacular, not creep people out, and so on.  Also, you need to want =
to
> participate, which presumes that you are getting something out of it.
> Do you have a _right_ to join the conversation?  I rather hope not, or
> else I rather hope that the meaning of "right" is considerably weaker
> than it seems to be in contemporary socio-political discourse."
>=20
> ## I have read a bunch of your responses together, and I think we are
> coming back to the discussion of what is public. On may 2017 I wrote
> (Full email here)
> =
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/search/?email_list=3Dhrpc&qdr=3Dy&so=3Dd=
ate
>=20
> ## _____There's many definitions of "public": 1) the one that derives
> from governmental power [a.k.a. monopoly of the legitimate use of
> violence]; 2) goods and services that are non-rival and non-exclusive,
> like some "public services"; 3) a "sphere" or space where citizenship
> can discuss things outside of governmental reach (a public sphere
> itself). This is important, because you CAN protest at a mall without
> being kicked out. Even though it's a "private space" it becomes a
> "public sphere" because of potential broad interactions. How can we =
talk
> about this at the infrastructure level?______
>=20
> ## We haven't gone back to that in the -03 draft, but this makes me
> think we could go deeper and explore the obligations of "private" ASes
> vis-=C3=A1-vis the internet: a broader "public service"? That's why =
I'm
> intrigued about verbalizing what I previously wrote on question 1).

In the Internet, I would expect that the concepts in RFCs 7258 and 7624 =
apply to the context of a conversation on a bus. One does not have the =
right to "join" a conversation whose participants do not intend to =
include it. That might be called "eavesdropping", and in these RFCs is =
referred to as "surveillance".

> More
> of Andrew's arguments below:
>=20
> "I still don't understand how any of that responds to the main point I
> was making.  The draft as it stands appears to me to conjure into =
being
> the requirement that any given AS -- or maybe only some ASes, I am not
> sure -- MUST route the packets of (some?) other ASes as a matter of =
the
> right of association.  This strikes me as the sort of massive =
elevation
> of political preference to "a right" that underpins Bentham's original
> description of natural rights.  I simply do not see how anything in =
the
> Internet architecutre allows someone to insist on the right of free
> packet passage.

I would agree with that, but suspect that there are some inferences that =
at least some are drawing that don't follow. Consider this =
highly-simplified picture:

     ,-----.           ,-----.          ,-----.
    / My AS \         /       \        /Your AS\
   (         )+------( Transit )------(         )
    \  Me   /`.       \ AS #1 /        \  You  /
     `-----'   `.      `--+--'          `-----'
                 `.       |
                   `.  ,--+--.
                     `/Transit\
     ,---------.    /(  AS #2  )\     ,---------.
   ,'Other AS #1`. /  \       /  \ ,-'Other AS #2`-.
  (               )    `-----'    (                 )
   `.  Party A  ,'                 `-.   Party B ,-'
     `---------'                      `---------'

You'll note in this that there are six AS's, two of which are labelled =
as "Transit". Any AS offers the service of enabling parties within it to =
communicate with some set of parties outside of it. That doesn't imply =
"all parties", and doesn't imply "as a right"; it implies that there are =
acceptable parties, and it is done as a service. That service may or may =
not be a natural part of things (a company would offer such a service to =
its employees as a matter of doing business, but for residential =
services, the subscriber would pay the company for the service, for =
example). So "My AS" would offer "Me" the service of interconnection =
with "You" and "Your AS" - not as a right, but as a service, and as a =
practical matter. It may or may not also provide connectivity to parties =
A and B and to their AS's.

A Transit AS does the same for parties within it, but additionally =
offers the service of connecting to and carrying traffic for AS's and =
parties that are not communicating exclusively with it. Note that =
Transit AS's are not required to have connection to other AS's per se, =
but as a practical matter probably do - it's a matter of doing business =
in offering their service. They may or may not additionally have =
transitive services to AS's that they don't directly connect to via =
other Transit AS's. In this graphic, "My AS" has a choice of two transit =
AS's, but the others each connect to only one. Some of the communication =
paths in the graphic are indirect through only one transit AS, but =
interconnection between "You" and "Party B" requires a path through two =
transit AS's.

So in no case is this a matter of right; it is a matter of service, and =
that service may be one that someone pays for.

> I really _want_ that passage, and think it is an
> unalloyed good thing.  But I do not see why (and the draft provides, =
as
> far as I can tell, zero argument for why) this is a "right" as opposed
> to the collectively self-interested way by which everyone gets a =
global
> Internet.

At least in the Internet, it is not a right.

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From: Niels ten Oever <mail@nielstenoever.net>
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Subject: Re: [hrpc] Freedom of Association on the Internet
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Hi all,

Inline:

On 03/13/2018 05:59 AM, Gisela Perez de Acha wrote:
> 
> 
> 
> Hey everyone,
> 
> First of all thank you very much for all your responses. I apologize
> that it took me so long to reply, but the comments deserved a thoughtful
> response, and some time to read and write.
> 
> Before I go any further, let me remind you all that our new version -03
> is online https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tenoever-hrpc-association-03
> 
> We made an initial mistake: it's an assembly, not an association,
> precisely because of the ephemeral nature of the internet (taken as a
> social pact as well). I will mix literal quotes from the past emails
> that we've shared. Sorry if it's a bit long, but I'd rather read
> everything all together. It helps me not lose track of mailing lists
> 
> 1) Niels wrote
> "Not completely, right? There are rules ASes need to abide by to be able
> to receive an ASN. That is the bare minimum.Next to that other. ASes
> also need to _want_ to peer with you, else you're still not connected.
> So there are pre-conditions. Including use of IP. So there are simple
> rules that ASes need to abide by to join the Internet."
> 
> ## My questions for him are the following (and I hope everyone feels
> free to jump in as well)
> * What are those rules? Who made them? Is there a central authority?

I'd say that these rules are made by the RIRs, they define what is
needed to be able to receive a ASN and block(s) or IP addresses.

> * Would the IP actually precondition anything in terms of rights?
> 

Well, you need to live up to certain preconditions, so yes:

https://www.ripe.net/manage-ips-and-asns/resource-management/supporting-notes-for-internet-address-space-request-forms


> 2) Andrew wrote:
> 
> "If you join a semi-public conversation in a bus, you have to speak that
> vernacular, not creep people out, and so on.  Also, you need to want to
> participate, which presumes that you are getting something out of it.
> Do you have a _right_ to join the conversation?  I rather hope not, or
> else I rather hope that the meaning of "right" is considerably weaker
> than it seems to be in contemporary socio-political discourse."
> 
> ## I have read a bunch of your responses together, and I think we are
> coming back to the discussion of what is public. On may 2017 I wrote
> (Full email here)
> https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/search/?email_list=hrpc&qdr=y&so=date
> 
> ## _____There's many definitions of "public": 1) the one that derives
> from governmental power [a.k.a. monopoly of the legitimate use of
> violence]; 2) goods and services that are non-rival and non-exclusive,
> like some "public services"; 3) a "sphere" or space where citizenship
> can discuss things outside of governmental reach (a public sphere
> itself). This is important, because you CAN protest at a mall without
> being kicked out. Even though it's a "private space" it becomes a
> "public sphere" because of potential broad interactions. How can we talk
> about this at the infrastructure level?______

Interesting, do you have some links to original sources for point 3 ? I
think that is exactly what we're looking for.

> 
> ## We haven't gone back to that in the -03 draft, but this makes me
> think we could go deeper and explore the obligations of "private" ASes
> vis-á-vis the internet: a broader "public service"? That's why I'm
> intrigued about verbalizing what I previously wrote on question 1). More
> of Andrew's arguments below:
> 
> "I still don't understand how any of that responds to the main point I
> was making.  The draft as it stands appears to me to conjure into being
> the requirement that any given AS -- or maybe only some ASes, I am not
> sure -- MUST route the packets of (some?) other ASes as a matter of the
> right of association.  This strikes me as the sort of massive elevation
> of political preference to "a right" that underpins Bentham's original
> description of natural rights.  I simply do not see how anything in the
> Internet architecutre allows someone to insist on the right of free
> packet passage.  I really _want_ that passage, and think it is an
> unalloyed good thing.  But I do not see why (and the draft provides, as
> far as I can tell, zero argument for why) this is a "right" as opposed
> to the collectively self-interested way by which everyone gets a global
> Internet.
> 

If passing packets is a 'good thing', and the world would be worse of if
we didn't do it, and doing the good thing actually facilitates human
rights, and not doing it hampers them, can we not say it should be an
obligation?


> 3) There's another point about human rights binding states but not
> private entities directly if I'm correct, right? Andrew said:
> 
> Andrew said: "Since, as you point out, there can be no forced
> association because of association being a freedom, then it cannot
> possibly be the case that I can be forced to carry the traffic of
> someone on my network.

I disagree. Because the network itself is already associated  through
the use of IP, having an ASN, etc.

 But if my network is a critical path between two
> people who want to associate on the Internet, then their right of
> freedom of association and my right not to associate with one of them
> are necessarily in conflict.  

I do not think the intermediate would necessarily be part of the
association of the two.

> In this case, I don't actually see what it
> gains us to claim that there is a right to associate freely on the
> Internet, since as a practical matter such a right is _always_ in
> conflict with the right of someone else not to so associate.  So either
> this claim of a right is empty, or else it imbalances the scale towards
> individuals' rights to associate with one another at the expense of
> private operators' rights not to so participate.
> 
> ## YES! Exactly, that's what we meant when we first started discussing
> this. THAT'S the leap we have to make. For a greater "public service"
> you have to obey certain obligations, even if you are a "private AS"
> 

So the argument would be: if you subscribe to be part of the
association, you should facilitate assembly/association among members of
the association.


> 4) About the Bolivian law:
> 
> Bortzmeyer wrote: "About the issue of "mandatory peering" (not a good
> term, but I'm too lazy to find a better one), HRPC participants may be
> interested by the bolivian law of 2011
> <https://www.lexivox.org/norms/BO-L-N164.xhtml> "Artículo 50.
> (INTERCONEXIÓN ENTRE PROVEEDORES DE INTERNET). Los proveedores de
> internet, deben obligatoriamente establecer y aceptar interconexiones
> entre sí, dentro del territorio nacional, a través de un punto de
> intercambio de tráfico, a fin de cursar el tráfico de internet, de
> acuerdo a las condiciones establecidas mediante reglamento." I translate
> it very roughly "Article 50 (interconnection of Internet access
> providers). Internet access providers MUST set up interconnections
> between them, inside the country, through an Internet exchange point, to
> exchange Internet traffic. The precise conditions will be described in a
> regulation." [AFAIK, this regulation is being drafted currently.]
> 
> ## It makes me think of "common carriage" provisions for
> telecommunication companies. For McChesney, when the Internet was
> privatised around 1992, telephone and cable television companies that
> owned the Internet's physical infrastructure figured that the best way
> to avoid losing their market share was to charge for the use or
> "interconnection" was to rent them out. In 1992, US law required these
> companies to comply with common carriage provisions: that they not
> charge other service providers for the use of their cables to connect to
> the Internet. I haven't checked again Wu's first paper on net
> neutrality, but I believe something of the sort could be found
> https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=388863
> ## This law from 2012 specifies the 2011 one from Bolivia
> https://www.lexivox.org/norms/BO-RE-DSN1391.xhtml (am I missing
> something) It specifies the internet is a "public service" (a lot of the
> current net neutrality battles center around that: if it's a mere
> information service, common carriage provisions do not apply). What is
> interesting is the very specific regulation that stems from this. Almost
> treating ISPs like "public broadcasters"

Interesting, but also potentially dangerous since then you would be
touching on content as well.

> ## It also seems that the government gives out licences to operate
> private networks, but considers the internet a public service, therefore
> forces certain ISPs to give connection. It even specifies mandatory
> "interconection with networks that use voice over IP" (I swear that's
> what the law says, artícle 95).

> ## While I type this, I wonder if we could net neutrality out.

Not sure what this means.

> Could it
> be net neutrality that binds ASes so that the broader Internet as a
> "public service" can work? 

Sure, but probably it could even be done without net neutrality. Mixing
it in might not make our discussion easier.

> Is it relevant to think this in terms of
> right to association?
> 
> Anyways, thanks again. Happy to keep this moving forward :)
> 

Cheers,

Niels

> Cheers
> 
> 
> Gisela
> 
> 
> El 2/23/18 a las 9:38 AM, Andrew Sullivan escribió:
>> Hi,
>>
>>
>>
>> On Fri, Feb 23, 2018 at 02:59:35PM +0100, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
>>>
>>> About the issue of "mandatory peering" (not a good term, but I'm too
>>> lazy to find a better one), HRPC participants may be interested by the
>>> bolivian law of 2011 <https://www.lexivox.org/norms/BO-L-N164.xhtml>
>>
>> I think the example is an interesting one.  The danger from a
>> technical point of view, of course, is that the Internet could be
>> transformed into a country-based catanet if everyone did this.
>>
>>> Before evaluating this law, remember that Bolivia is the poorest
>>> country in Latin America and, outside OECD countries, the default
>>> behavior of IAP is to interconnect outside of the country.
>>
>> There are indeed good arguments for why to do it in that case.  But
>> many regulatory regimes have good arguments behind them, but in
>> practice turn out to have technical consequences people didn't
>> understand and that they find undesirable.
>>
>> And of course none of this addresses the question of whether there are
>> rights involved here.  It does appear to suggest that, in Bolivia, you
>> give up your right of disassociation from others if you want to carry
>> traffic on behalf of some other set of others.  Without a lot of
>> study, it's hard to say whether such an arrangement is good for the
>> Internet in Boliva, and I doubt I am qualified to do such a study
>> because of how weak my knowledge of local language and markets is.
>>
>> Best regards,
>>
>> A
>>
> 
> _______________________________________________
> hrpc mailing list
> hrpc@irtf.org
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc
> 


From nobody Tue Mar 13 10:12:33 2018
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Hi all,

We have a Human Rights Review Team mailinglist now where we'll seek to
do review human rights reviews of drafts based on the Guidelines as
outlined in RFC8280 and still being improved here:

https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tenoever-hrpc-guidelines-01

Feel free to sign up and let's discuss how to get going at IETF101.

All the best,

Niels



From nobody Wed Mar 14 07:18:14 2018
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We can expect a lot of flames around this issue in the TLS WG at IETF
101. Now that we have encryption, some people see a need to break it.

https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/tls/dU4pv7wRd2M7VGA4UoSIGpOv-Bs


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--6qhdy7u5vjhtws73
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[Context: IDN bis was supposed to be, unlike the fist IDN, easily
upgradable to a new Unicode version. This happened to be wrong - see
draft-klensin-idna-rfc5891bis for details - so IDN is still at Unicode
version 6.3, while Unicode itself is 10.0, with 11.0 coming "soon".]

This email raises a point which is relevant for this working
group. Common scripts today are encoded in Unicode for a long time and
so the delay in updating IDN is not really a concern. But the recent
additions in Unicode have been mostly for historical scripts (no human
rights relevance) and "minority" scripts (scripts of small human
groups, often endangered). So, this unfortunate situation is more a
problem for the "cultural minorities".




--6qhdy7u5vjhtws73
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Old-From: Michel Suignard <michel@suignard.com>
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Old-Subject: Re: [Idna-update] emoji and security
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Subject: Re: [Idna-update] emoji and security
From: Michel Suignard <michel@suignard.com>

I want to show how on a concrete level not having a post Unicode 6.3 IDN ta=
ble is hurting work done in ICANN. Unicode 7.0 added support for some Myanm=
ar minorities. For many reasons that probably do not interest people in thi=
s list, the Myanmar script coverage was a late comer in Unicode encoding, e=
specially Myanmar minorities coverage. Therefore, Unicode 7.0 added support=
 for Shan Pali (again a Myanmar minority). If we could use Unicode 7.0 repe=
rtoire as available in an updated IANA IDN2008 table, the root zone Integra=
tion Panel would have added 6 characters to the Maximum Starting repertoire=
 (MSR) which is the sand box for Generation Panels (GP) when they define th=
eir own repertoire. Obviously, we have no way to know whether a Myanmar GP =
would adopt these characters into the RZ-LGR when/if they do that. But at t=
his point this is not even an option.

At this point, most of the recent Unicode work on scripts (and I made the p=
recision on purpose) is concentrated on historic ones, or disadvantaged com=
munities. By being stuck on Unicode 6.3 we are putting these communities at=
 disadvantage. Not a message you want to convey on these days and ages.

I think I (and most of us) have decent understanding of the tasks separatio=
n mentioned by Patrik, I just want to move on past Unicode 6.3, so we can d=
o our work in appropriate context.

Michel

-----Original Message-----
From: IDNA-UPDATE <idna-update-bounces@ietf.org> On Behalf Of Patrik F=E4lt=
str=F6m
Sent: Wednesday, March 14, 2018 4:07 AM
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@anvilwalrusden.com>
Cc: idna-update@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Idna-update] emoji and security

On 13 Mar 2018, at 21:18, Andrew Sullivan wrote:

> But the IETF does not have, and does not want, authority to "keep them ou=
t".  That's a policy question, and one rather far from the IETF's area of e=
xpertise.  Indeed, that division of labour is precisely why the IANA root z=
one registry policy is set by someone other than the IETF, which sets the p=
olicies for IANA protocol parameter registries.

Correct.

The IETF Standard explicitly say that a registry must implement a policy fo=
r what code points they want to include, so by definition, and by design, t=
he IDNA2008 is not a minimum set of code points. It is a maximum set of cod=
e points to be used.

   Patrik

_______________________________________________
IDNA-UPDATE mailing list
IDNA-UPDATE@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/idna-update

--6qhdy7u5vjhtws73--


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Subject: Re: [hrpc] IDN, Unicode and cultural minorities
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On Wed, Mar 14, 2018 at 04:28:11PM +0100,
 Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> wrote 
 a message of 287 lines which said:

> see draft-klensin-idna-rfc5891bis for details

Sorry, it is actually draft-klensin-idna-5892upd-unicode70


From nobody Fri Mar 16 14:49:29 2018
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From: Luca Belli <luca.belli@fgv.br>
To: Hrpc <hrpc@irtf.org>, Niels ten Oever <mail@nielstenoever.net>
CC: Matthew Ford <ford@isoc.org>, Mallory Knodel <mallory@article19.org>
Thread-Topic: Intro to Network Self-determination 
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Subject: [hrpc] Intro to Network Self-determination
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Dear all,

I have drafted a post as an introduction to my presentation on Network Self=
-determination (at the bottom of this email).
Should you be interested in providing your feedback on this DRAFT, feel fre=
e to reply to this email or to use the Etherpad or Googledoc below.

Googledoc here https://docs.google.com/document/d/15eHsqEC_gQip6NBTIpF-aMyg=
0DgVXxinr2wdYxhxTXQ/edit#

Etherpad here  https://public.etherpad-mozilla.org/p/NetworkSelf-determinat=
ion

Feedback through live interactions during or after the presentation are als=
o highly appreciated :)

The consolidated draft of the article will be published in the IETF Journal=
, right after IETF 101.  Obviously, all people having provided feedback wil=
l be duly acknowledged.

Many thanks and kind regards
Luca



NONFINAL DRAFT
Network Self-determination:
When building the Internet becomes a right
Luca Belli

Anyone reading this article would agree that the Internet and ICTs play an =
increasingly essential role in every connected individual's life. The acces=
sibility and well-functioning of network infrastructure at affordable and n=
on-discriminatory conditions facilitate significantly the full enjoyment of=
 one's fundamental rights, as Internet users can easily access knowledge an=
d education, conduct businesses by trading goods and services online, and u=
tilize digitized public services, spanning from tax-paying to applying for =
public schools or receiving remote medical consultations via e-health.

As connected individuals, we can safely state that the Internet has become =
integral part of our lives and our environment, affecting substantially how=
 we form our opinions, how we socialize and learn and, ultimately, what opp=
ortunities we are able to grasp over the course of our lives. But what abou=
t the unconnected?

The current digital (r)evolution can also deepen divides in our societies, =
due to the uneven distribution of digital dividends between those for which=
 connectivity is available and easily affordable and those who are either u=
nconnected or face considerable challenges to connect.[1]

This article briefly explores how groups of unconnected and scarcely connec=
ted individuals can regain control over their digital futures, building the=
ir own community networks and enjoying what I define as "Network Self-deter=
mination."[2] I argue that Network Self-determination leads to several posi=
tive externalities for the affected communities while preserving the Intern=
et as a decentralized, interoperable and generative network of networks.

In this perspective, concrete examples of communities enjoying Network Self=
-determination seem to prove that "the design and development of the Intern=
et infrastructure have a growing impact on society"[3] and can construct a =
digital environment that enables human rights.

Mainstream networks are not so mainstream
In almost every country in the world, Internet connectivity predominantly r=
elies on the existence of network infrastructure built and managed by for-p=
rofit operators. Such infrastructure is primarily composed of "mainstream n=
etworks," which are those networks that RFC 7962[4] characterizes as contro=
lled in a top-down fashion by the operators; spanning large areas; requirin=
g a substantial investment to be built and maintained; and not foreseeing t=
he possibility for users to participate in the network's governance.

Not surprisingly, mainstream networks are mainly deployed and operationaliz=
ed in densely populated areas, where return on investments can be quite fas=
t and straightforward, due to the high demand of connectivity by thousands =
- or millions - of city dwellers. The situation, however, is not the same i=
n rural areas or in the peripheries of major metropolises, where the scarce=
 density and lower standards of living cannot guarantee immediate and suffi=
cient return on investment for operators.


In rural and peripheral areas, which are home to the 48% of the world popul=
ation that is currently unconnected,[5] the sole reliance on mainstream net=
works does not prove to be an effective strategy to expand connectivity. In=
deed, the prospect of a missed return on investment discourages development=
 of infrastructure, leading to lack of coverage or to such high prices and =
low quality of service that potential or existing users might be discourage=
d from subscribing to available Internet-access offerings. In such context,=
 several studies have pointed out that the lack of competition can make Int=
ernet-access offerings so prohibitively expensive that locals need to sacri=
fice food to afford communications.[6]



Most importantly, individuals living in unconnected or scarcely connected a=
reas may rightfully fail to see the appeal of Internet access because any s=
ervices or content that would improve their welfare - such as local governm=
ent services, information and educational material in local languages and p=
latforms making available local products and services - are not available o=
nline.





Do-It-Yourself Internet

Despite the above scenario, many individuals living in unconnected or scarc=
ely connected communities have realized that Internet connectivity is a vec=
tor for many economic, social and cultural opportunities and have taken act=
ion to stop being digitally-marginalized, due to market failures and ineffi=
cient public policies, and start building their own community networks, to =
become the protagonists of their digital futures.



Concretely, such reasoning has become possible thanks to the steady reducti=
on in infrastructure costs - particularly, regarding bandwidth and network =
equipment - that, over the past decade, has facilitated the deployment of c=
ommunity networks with reasonably low investments.


Community networks are crowdsourced initiatives. Described by RFC 7962 as "=
alternative networks," they are "networks that do not share the characteris=
tics of mainstream network deployments." On the contrary, community network=
s are better characterized by the fact that they are developed in a bottom-=
up fashion, in order to be utilized and managed by the local community as c=
ommons. As stressed by the Declaration on Community Connectivity[7] these n=
etworks are "structured to be open, free, and to respect network neutrality=
. Such networks rely on the active participation of local communities in th=
e design, development, deployment, and management of shared infrastructure =
as a common resource, owned by the community, and operated in a democratic =
fashion."

Besides representing a viable solution to the limits of mainstream networks=
, community networks also ensure that Internet traffic is managed with no c=
ommercially motivated discrimination, thus respecting net neutrality[8] by =
default. Indeed, all network users are partners in the provision of connect=
ivity and in the development of services for the local community, thus maki=
ng it much more difficult that the provider - which is the community itself=
 - discriminate content, applications or services based on commercial consi=
derations.

These initiatives demonstrate that connectivity, openness, free choice and =
full enjoyment of fundamental rights are not amenities reserved to opulent =
city-dwellers but basic needs to which everyone is entitled and that everyo=
ne can and must enjoy. Moreover, they prove that "connectivity increases th=
e capacity for individuals to exercise their rights."[9]


When the last mile becomes the first mile
Community networking evidences that, in many circumstances, the unconnected=
 can connect themselves, as longs as they have information on how to build[=
10] their network infrastructure and the freedom to choose this option.

It is precisely in such perspective that an ample range of community networ=
ks emerged in many diverse countries, going from the UK<https://b4rn.org.uk=
/> to Argentina<http://www.altermundi.net/> and from Brazil<http://www.cool=
ab.org/quem-somos/> to Spain<http://guifi.net/>.

Broadband for the Rural North, or B4RN, which is pronounced "barn," was ini=
tiated in 2011 by a group of farmers and a hairdresser in Lancashire, U.K.,=
 who decided to overcome the lack of connectivity by starting self-installi=
ng fibre. Today the B4RN network connects 40 parishes and provides speeds a=
s high as 1 gigabit per second.

The NGO AlterMundi,[11] which is behind QuintanaLibre, a community network =
in the Argentinian province of C=F3rdoba, prides itself on having successfu=
lly developed a "geek-free" model to overcome the main challenges posed by =
rural environments, the scarcity of engineers and reduced incomes, by devel=
oping an easy to implement and cost-efficient network technology. Important=
ly, the availability of connectivity has stimulated the development of seve=
ral applications by the locals for the locals, including an information por=
tal, a chat service, a VoIP server, community radio streaming, a file shari=
ng system and gaming applications.

The AlterMundi-affiliated networks also provide Internet access to three sc=
hools, giving students the opportunity to access online resources. Similarl=
y, the Brazilian NGO Coolab[12] provides connectivity and ICT training to d=
ozen children through the Casa dos Meninos project while connecting and ent=
ire village via the Fuma=E7a community network, in the Rio de Janeiro state=
.


The most successful example is Guifi.net that, besides being the biggest an=
d the most populated community network in the world with over 85,000 users,=
 is particularly outstanding for its common-pool-resource philosophy that f=
avors the establishment of "a disruptive economic model based on the common=
s model and the collaborative economy,"[13] encouraging small, local entran=
ts to develop new applications and to extend the network themselves.[14] In=
deed, Guifi.net members have generated a variety of services[15], amongst w=
hich VoIP servers, IRC servers, videoconference and mail servers and broadc=
ast radios.



Importantly, besides expanding the Internet and promoting innovation in a d=
ecentralized fashion, community networks like Guifi.net have created dozens=
 of new jobs related to network maintenance and entirely new digital ecosys=
tems. Indeed community networking generally features capacity-building prog=
rams for locals to acquire the skills they need to be developers, creators =
and online entrepreneurs.


In this perspective, community networks, built by the people for the people=
,[16] should not be considered as the last mile of the Internet but rather =
as the first mile, for they have a vital role in maximizing the generative =
nature of the Internet, decentralizing innovation and empowering the unconn=
ected.



Network Self-determination
Examples of community networks show that these initiatives nurture the deve=
lopment of community-tailored services, stimulating new opportunities for l=
earning, trading and employment for locals.


Hence, these initiatives provide a sound evidence base on which a right to =
"Network Self-determination" can be constructed. I propose the concept of N=
etwork Self-determination as the right to freely associate to define, in a =
democratic fashion, the design, development and management of network infra=
structure as a common good, in order to freely seek, impart and receive inf=
ormation and innovation.


While community networking proves that Network Self-determination already e=
xists de facto even without being explicitly consecrated de jure, it is imp=
ortant to stress that this concept is also solidly grounded in Internationa=
l human rights law.

The first article of both the Charter of the United Nations and the two Int=
ernational Covenants of Human Rights decisively affirm that, by virtue of t=
he fundamental right to self-determination, all peoples are free to pursue =
their economic, social and cultural development as well as self-organizatio=
n. According to both Articles 1(3) of both Covenants, all states have an ob=
ligation "to promote the realization of the right to self-determination," w=
hich is considered the collective right of a given community to determine i=
ts own destiny.

Community networks foster Network Self-determination, for they allow indivi=
duals to decide independently how to pursue their economic, social and cult=
ural development, choosing which kind of technology, applications and conte=
nt are best suited to meet the needs of the local community and using and d=
eveloping them at the local level, in a quintessentially distributed fashio=
n. The goal of community networking is indeed to empower individuals who wi=
ll become new, active participants in the Internet, thus enjoying the benef=
its of connectivity while contributing to the evolution the network of netw=
orks as "a large, varied and evolving space of technology."[17]

Rights, as technologies, are the product of history
The enjoyment of Network Self-determination through the development of comm=
unity networks can prompt several positive externalities, thus fostering a =
decentralised Internet and allowing previously unconnected or scarcely conn=
ected individuals to access knowledge and education, create new application=
s and find occupations, having access to the entire spectrum of opportuniti=
es to which any individual should be entitled.

Enthusiasm and optimism regarding community networking should be tempered w=
ith a good dose of pragmatism, though. Indeed, alternative networks should =
be seen as a valuable complement to existing approaches rather than a silve=
r bullet that can solve all connectivity problems. Community networks requi=
re sound planning and good governance to be successful and face many techni=
cal and policy obstacles over their path. In this perspective, the IETF com=
munity should consider that Internet standards are vital to allow the estab=
lishment, interoperability and, potentially, the federation of community ne=
tworks.

There is no doubt that Network Self-determination reinforces the distribute=
d nature of the Internet and there is no reason why individuals should not =
have the possibility to build the Internet themselves, improving their stan=
dards of living while bridging digital divides.

Communities around the globe are discovering they have the potential to cre=
ate alternative networks and many of them are already doing so. As the Ital=
ian philosopher Norberto Bobbio famously argued, human rights are the produ=
ct of historical evolutions.[18] In this spirit, everyone should be free to=
 enjoy Network Self-determination, associating and building a new piece of =
the Internet.


[1] See http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2016

[2] See Belli L. (2017). Network Self-Determination and the Positive Extern=
alities of Community Networks. http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/handl=
e/10438/19924

[3] See RFC 8280 https://trac.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8280#page-40

[4] See https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7962.txt

[5] See https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFig=
ures2017.pdf

[6] See e.g. Rey-Moreno, C., Blignaut, R., May, J., & Tucker, W. D. (2016).=
 An in-depth study of the ICT ecosystem in a South African rural community:=
 unveiling expenditure and communication patterns.  Information Technology =
for Development Vol. 22 (sup 1). Pp 101-120.  http://doi.org/10.1080/026811=
02.2016.1155145<http://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2016.1155145>

[7] See Declaration on Community Connectivity http://communityconnectivity.=
xyz/

[8] See http://www.networkneutrality.info/

[9] See RFC 8280 https://trac.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8280#page-40

[10] See https://commotionwireless.net/docs/cck/

[11] See http://altermundi.net/

[12] See http://www.coolab.org/quem-somos/

[13] See https://guifi.net/en/what_is_guifinet

[14] See Baig, R., Roca, R., Freitag, F., Navarro L. (2015). Guifi.net, a C=
rowdsourced Network Infrastructure Held in Common. In Computer Networks. N=
=B0 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2015.07.009

[15] A complete list of services developed by the Guifi.net community can b=
e found at https://guifi.net/en/node/3671/view/services

[16] See Belli L. (Ed.) (2017). Community networks: the Internet by the peo=
ple, for the people. Official Outcome of the UN IGF Dynamic Coalition on Co=
mmunity Connectivity. FGV Direito Rio. http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspa=
ce/handle/10438/19401

[17] See RFC 1958 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1958
[18] See Bobbio N. (1990). L'et=E0 dei diritti.




[FGV Direito Rio]

Luca Belli, PhD
Senior Researcher
Head of Internet Governance @ FGV<http://internet-governance.fgv.br/>
luca.belli@fgv.br
+55 21 3799 5763
@1lucabelli<https://twitter.com/1lucabelli>

[http://www.fgv.br/mailing/Direito_Rio/assinatura_email/Ondas.png]




________________________________

[1] See http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2016

[2] See Belli L. (2017). Network Self-Determination and the Positive Extern=
alities of Community Networks. http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/handl=
e/10438/19924

[3] See RFC 8280 https://trac.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8280#page-40

[4] See https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7962.txt

[5] See https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFig=
ures2017.pdf

[6] See e.g. Rey-Moreno, C., Blignaut, R., May, J., & Tucker, W. D. (2016).=
 An in-depth study of the ICT ecosystem in a South African rural community:=
 unveiling expenditure and communication patterns.  Information Technology =
for Development Vol. 22 (sup 1). Pp 101-120.  http://doi.org/10.1080/026811=
02.2016.1155145
[7] See Declaration on Community Connectivity http://communityconnectivity.=
xyz/

[8] See http://www.networkneutrality.info/

[9] See RFC 8280 https://trac.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8280#page-40

[10] See https://commotionwireless.net/docs/cck/
[11] See http://altermundi.net/

[12] See http://www.coolab.org/quem-somos/
[13] See https://guifi.net/en/what_is_guifinet
[14] See Baig, R., Roca, R., Freitag, F., Navarro L. (2015). Guifi.net, a C=
rowdsourced Network Infrastructure Held in Common. In Computer Networks. N=
=B0 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2015.07.009
[15] A complete list of services developed by the Guifi.net community can b=
e found at https://guifi.net/en/node/3671/view/services

[16] See Belli L. (Ed.) (2017). Community networks: the Internet by the peo=
ple, for the people. Official Outcome of the UN IGF Dynamic Coalition on Co=
mmunity Connectivity. FGV Direito Rio. http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspa=
ce/handle/10438/19401

[17] See RFC 1958 https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1958

[18] See Bobbio N. (1990). L'et=E0 dei diritti.

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<body lang=3D"PT-BR" link=3D"#0563C1" vlink=3D"#954F72">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Dear all, <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">I have drafted a post as an int=
roduction to my presentation on Network Self-determination (at the bottom o=
f this email).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Should you be interested in pro=
viding your feedback on this DRAFT, feel free to reply to this email or to =
use the Etherpad or Googledoc below.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Googledoc here <a href=3D"https=
://docs.google.com/document/d/15eHsqEC_gQip6NBTIpF-aMyg0DgVXxinr2wdYxhxTXQ/=
edit#">
https://docs.google.com/document/d/15eHsqEC_gQip6NBTIpF-aMyg0DgVXxinr2wdYxh=
xTXQ/edit#</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Etherpad here &nbsp;</span><=
a href=3D"https://public.etherpad-mozilla.org/p/NetworkSelf-determination">=
<span lang=3D"EN-US">https://public.etherpad-mozilla.org/p/NetworkSelf-dete=
rmination</span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Feedback through live interacti=
ons during or after the presentation are also highly appreciated
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-family:Wingdings">J</span><span l=
ang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">The consolidated draft of the a=
rticle will be published in the IETF Journal, right after IETF 101.&nbsp; O=
bviously, all people having provided feedback will be duly acknowledged.<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Many thanks and kind regards<o:=
p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Luca <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-align:center"><b><spa=
n lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">NONFINAL DRAFT<o:p></o:p></span=
></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-align:center"><b><spa=
n lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">Network Self-determination:<o:p=
></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-align:center"><b><spa=
n lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">When building the Internet beco=
mes a right<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-align:center"><i><spa=
n lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Luca Belli<o:p></o:p></span></i=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:14.0pt">&=
nbsp;&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Anyone reading this article wou=
ld agree that the Internet and ICTs play an increasingly essential role in =
every
<i>connected</i> individual&#8217;s life. The accessibility and well-functi=
oning of network infrastructure at affordable and non-discriminatory condit=
ions facilitate significantly the full enjoyment of one&#8217;s fundamental=
 rights, as Internet users can easily access
 knowledge and education, conduct businesses by trading goods and services =
online, and utilize digitized public services, spanning from tax-paying to =
applying for public schools or receiving remote medical consultations via e=
-health.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">As connected individuals, we ca=
n safely state that the Internet has become integral part of our lives and =
our environment, affecting substantially how we form our opinions, how we s=
ocialize and learn and, ultimately,
 what opportunities we are able to grasp over the course of our lives. But =
what about the unconnected?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">The current digital (r)evolutio=
n can also deepen divides in our societies, due to the uneven distribution =
of digital dividends between those for which connectivity is available and =
easily affordable and those who are
 either unconnected or face considerable challenges to connect.<a style=3D"=
mso-footnote-id:ftn1" href=3D"#_ftn1" name=3D"_ftnref1" title=3D""><span cl=
ass=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span lan=
g=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-=
serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[1]</span></span></span></a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">This article briefly explores h=
ow groups of unconnected and scarcely connected individuals can regain cont=
rol over their digital futures, building their own community networks and e=
njoying what I define as &#8220;Network Self-determination.&#8221;<a style=
=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn2" href=3D"#_ftn2" name=3D"_ftnref2" title=3D""><spa=
n class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span=
 lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,s=
ans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[2]</span></span></span></a>
 I argue that Network Self-determination leads to several positive external=
ities for the affected communities while preserving the Internet as a decen=
tralized, interoperable and generative network of networks.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">In this perspective, concrete e=
xamples of communities enjoying Network Self-determination seem to prove th=
at &#8220;the design and development of the Internet infrastructure have a =
growing impact on society&#8221;<a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn3" href=3D"#=
_ftn3" name=3D"_ftnref3" title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><s=
pan class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:=
11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-U=
S">[3]</span></span></span></a>
 and can construct a digital environment that enables human rights.&nbsp; <=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">M=
ainstream networks are not so mainstream<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">In almost every country in the =
world, Internet connectivity predominantly relies on the existence of netwo=
rk infrastructure built and managed by for-profit operators. Such infrastru=
cture is primarily composed of &#8220;mainstream
 networks,&#8221; which are those networks that RFC 7962</span><a style=3D"=
mso-footnote-id:ftn4" href=3D"#_ftn4" name=3D"_ftnref4" title=3D""><span cl=
ass=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span sty=
le=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-farea=
st-language:EN-US">[4]</span></span></span></a>
<span lang=3D"EN-US">characterizes as controlled in a top-down fashion by t=
he operators; spanning large areas; requiring a substantial investment to b=
e built and maintained; and not foreseeing the possibility for users to par=
ticipate in the network&#8217;s governance.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Not surprisingly, mainstream ne=
tworks are mainly deployed and operationalized in densely populated areas, =
where return on investments can be quite fast and straightforward, due to t=
he high demand of connectivity by thousands
 &#8211; or millions &#8211; of city dwellers. The situation, however, is n=
ot the same in rural areas or in the peripheries of major metropolises, whe=
re the scarce density and lower standards of living cannot guarantee immedi=
ate and sufficient return on investment for
 operators. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US">In rural and peripheral areas, which are home to the 48% of the wor=
ld population that is currently unconnected,</span><a style=3D"mso-footnote=
-id:ftn5" href=3D"#_ftn5" name=3D"_ftnref5" title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFo=
otnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:=
EN-US">[5]</span></span></span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US">
 the sole reliance on mainstream networks does not prove to be an effective=
 strategy to expand connectivity. Indeed, the prospect of a missed return o=
n investment discourages development of infrastructure, leading to lack of =
coverage or to such high prices
 and low quality of service that potential or existing users might be disco=
uraged from subscribing to available Internet-access offerings. In such con=
text, several studies have pointed out that the lack of competition can mak=
e Internet-access offerings so prohibitively
 expensive </span><span lang=3D"EN-US">that locals need to sacrifice food t=
o afford communications</span><span lang=3D"EN-US">.</span><a style=3D"mso-=
footnote-id:ftn6" href=3D"#_ftn6" name=3D"_ftnref6" title=3D""><span class=
=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=
=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast=
-language:EN-US">[6]</span></span></span></a>
<span lang=3D"EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US">Most importantly, individuals living in unconnected or scarcely con=
nected areas may rightfully fail to see the appeal of Internet access becau=
se any services or content that would
 improve their welfare &#8211; such as local government services, informati=
on and educational material in local languages and platforms making availab=
le local products and services &#8211; are not available online.<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><b><span lang=
=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Do-It-Yourself Internet&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US">Despite the above scenario, many individuals living in unconnected<=
b>
</b>or scarcely connected communities have realized that Internet connectiv=
ity is a vector for many economic, social and cultural opportunities and ha=
ve taken action to stop being digitally-marginalized, due to market failure=
s and inefficient public policies,
 and start building their own community networks, to become the protagonist=
s of their digital futures.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US">Concretely, such reasoning has become possible thanks to the steady=
 reduction in infrastructure costs &#8211; particularly, regarding bandwidt=
h and network equipment &#8211; that, over the past
 decade, has facilitated the deployment of community networks with reasonab=
ly low investments.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Community networks are crowdsou=
rced initiatives. Described by RFC 7962 as &#8220;alternative networks,&#82=
21; they are &#8220;networks that do not share the characteristics of mains=
tream network deployments.&#8221; On the contrary, community
 networks are better characterized by the fact that they are developed in a=
 bottom-up fashion, in order to be utilized and managed by the local commun=
ity as commons. As stressed by the Declaration on Community Connectivity</s=
pan><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn7" href=3D"#_ftn7" name=3D"_ftnref7" tit=
le=3D""><span class=3D"FootnoteAnchor"><span class=3D"FootnoteAnchor"><span=
 style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-f=
areast-language:EN-US">[7]</span></span></span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US">
 these networks are &#8220;structured to be open, free, and to respect netw=
ork neutrality. Such networks rely on the active participation of local com=
munities in the design, development, deployment, and management of shared i=
nfrastructure as a common resource, owned
 by the community, and operated in a democratic fashion.&#8221;<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Be=
sides representing a viable solution to the limits of mainstream networks, =
community networks also ensure that Internet traffic is managed with no com=
mercially motivated discrimination, thus
 respecting net neutrality</span><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn8" href=3D"=
#_ftn8" name=3D"_ftnref8" title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><=
span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-fa=
mily:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[8]</span><=
/span></span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US">
 by default. Indeed, all network users are partners in the provision of con=
nectivity and in the development of services for the local community, thus =
making it much more difficult that the provider &#8211; which is the commun=
ity itself &#8211; discriminate content, applications
 or services based on commercial considerations.&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o=
:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Th=
ese initiatives demonstrate that connectivity, openness, free choice and fu=
ll enjoyment of fundamental rights are not amenities reserved to opulent ci=
ty-dwellers but basic needs to which everyone
 is entitled and that everyone can and must enjoy. Moreover, they prove tha=
t &#8220;connectivity increases the capacity for individuals to exercise th=
eir rights.&#8221;</span><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn9" href=3D"#_ftn9" =
name=3D"_ftnref9" title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span cla=
ss=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&qu=
ot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[9]</span></span></=
span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o=
:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><b><span lang=
=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">When the last mile becomes the first =
mile
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Co=
mmunity networking evidences that, in many circumstances, the unconnected c=
an connect themselves, as longs as they have information on how to build</s=
pan><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn10" href=3D"#_ftn10" name=3D"_ftnref10" =
title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteR=
eference"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,s=
ans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[10]</span></span></span></a><span la=
ng=3D"EN-US">
 their network infrastructure and the freedom to choose this option.<o:p></=
o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o=
:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D"EN-US">It=
 is precisely in such perspective that an ample range of community networks=
 emerged in many diverse countries, going from
</span><a href=3D"https://b4rn.org.uk/"><span lang=3D"EN-US">the UK</span><=
/a><span lang=3D"EN-US"> to
</span><a href=3D"http://www.altermundi.net/"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Argentin=
a</span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US"> and from
</span><a href=3D"http://www.coolab.org/quem-somos/"><span lang=3D"EN-US">B=
razil</span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US"> to
</span><a href=3D"http://guifi.net/"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Spain</span></a><=
span lang=3D"EN-US">.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o=
:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Broadband for the Rural North, =
or B4RN, which is pronounced &#8220;barn,&#8221; was initiated in 2011 by a=
 group of farmers and a hairdresser in Lancashire, U.K., who decided to ove=
rcome the lack of connectivity by starting self-installing
 fibre. Today the B4RN network connects 40 parishes and provides speeds as =
high as 1 gigabit per second.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;background:white"><span =
lang=3D"EN-US">The NGO AlterMundi,</span><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn11"=
 href=3D"#_ftn11" name=3D"_ftnref11" title=3D""><span class=3D"FootnoteAnch=
or"><span class=3D"FootnoteAnchor"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-fam=
ily:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[11]</span><=
/span></span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US">
 which is behind QuintanaLibre, a community network in the Argentinian prov=
ince of C=F3rdoba, prides itself on having successfully developed a &#8220;=
geek-free&#8221; model to overcome the main challenges posed by rural envir=
onments, the scarcity of engineers and reduced
 incomes, by developing an easy to implement and cost-efficient network tec=
hnology. Importantly, the availability of connectivity has stimulated the d=
evelopment of several applications by the locals for the locals, including =
an information portal, a chat service,
 a VoIP server, community radio streaming, a file sharing system and gaming=
 applications.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;background:white"><span =
lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;background:white"><span =
lang=3D"EN-US">The AlterMundi-affiliated networks also provide Internet acc=
ess to three schools, giving students the opportunity to access online reso=
urces. Similarly, the Brazilian NGO Coolab</span><a style=3D"mso-footnote-i=
d:ftn12" href=3D"#_ftn12" name=3D"_ftnref12" title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoF=
ootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=3D"font-=
size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language=
:EN-US">[12]</span></span></span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US">
 provides connectivity and ICT training to dozen children through the <i>Ca=
sa dos Meninos</i> project while connecting and entire village via the Fuma=
=E7a community network, in the Rio de Janeiro state.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;background:white"><span =
lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US">The most successful example is Guifi.net that, besides being the bi=
ggest and the most populated community network in the world with over 85,00=
0 users, is particularly outstanding for
 its common-pool-resource philosophy that favors the establishment of &#822=
0;a disruptive economic model based on the commons model and the collaborat=
ive economy,&#8221;</span><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn13" href=3D"#_ftn1=
3" name=3D"_ftnref13" title=3D""><span class=3D"FootnoteAnchor"><span class=
=3D"FootnoteAnchor"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calib=
ri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[13]</span></span></span></=
a><span lang=3D"EN-US">
 encouraging small, local entrants to develop new applications and to exten=
d the network themselves.</span><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn14" href=3D"=
#_ftn14" name=3D"_ftnref14" title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"=
><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-=
family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[14]</spa=
n></span></span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US">
 Indeed, Guifi.net members have generated a variety of services</span><a st=
yle=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn15" href=3D"#_ftn15" name=3D"_ftnref15" title=3D"=
"><span class=3D"FootnoteAnchor"><span class=3D"FootnoteAnchor"><span style=
=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast=
-language:EN-US">[15]</span></span></span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US">,
 amongst which <span style=3D"color:#00000A">VoIP servers, IRC servers, vid=
eoconference and mail servers and broadcast radios.</span>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US">Importantly, besides expanding the Internet and promoting innovatio=
n in a decentralized fashion, community networks like Guifi.net have create=
d dozens of new jobs related to network
 maintenance and entirely new digital ecosystems. Indeed community networki=
ng generally features capacity-building programs for locals to acquire the =
skills they need to be developers, creators and online entrepreneurs.<o:p><=
/o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D"EN-US">In=
 this perspective, community networks, built by the people for the people,<=
/span><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn16" href=3D"#_ftn16" name=3D"_ftnref16=
" title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnot=
eReference"><span style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;=
,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[16]</span></span></span></a><span =
lang=3D"EN-US">
 should not be considered as the last mile of the Internet but rather as th=
e first mile, for they have a vital role in maximizing the generative natur=
e of the Internet, decentralizing innovation and empowering the unconnected=
.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><b><span lang=
=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><b><span lang=
=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">Network Self-determination<o:p></o:p>=
</span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Examples of community networks =
show that these initiatives nurture the development of community-tailored s=
ervices, stimulating new opportunities for learning, trading and employment=
 for locals.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-GB"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US">Hence, these initiatives provide a sound evidence base on which a r=
ight to &#8220;Network Self-determination&#8221; can be constructed. I prop=
ose the concept of Network Self-determination as the
 right to freely associate to define, in a democratic fashion, the design, =
development and management of network infrastructure as a common good, in o=
rder to freely seek, impart and receive information and innovation.&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style=3D"text-align:justify"><span lang=3D=
"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">While community networking prov=
es that Network Self-determination already exists
<i>de facto</i> even without being explicitly consecrated<i> de jure</i>, i=
t is important to stress that this concept is also solidly grounded in Inte=
rnational human rights law.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">The first article of both the C=
harter of the United Nations and the two International Covenants of Human R=
ights decisively affirm that, by virtue of the fundamental right to self-de=
termination, all peoples are free to
 pursue their economic, social and cultural development as well as self-org=
anization. According to both Articles 1(3) of both Covenants, all states ha=
ve an obligation &#8220;to promote the realization of the right to self-det=
ermination,&#8221; which is considered the collective
 right of a given community to determine its own destiny. <o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Community networks foster Netwo=
rk Self-determination, for they allow individuals to decide independently h=
ow to pursue their economic, social and cultural development, choosing whic=
h kind of technology, applications and
 content are best suited to meet the needs of the local community and using=
 and developing them at the local level, in a quintessentially distributed =
fashion. The goal of community networking is indeed to empower individuals =
who will become new, active participants
 in the Internet, thus enjoying the benefits of connectivity while contribu=
ting to the evolution the network of networks as &#8220;a large, varied and=
 evolving space of technology.&#8221;</span><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn=
17" href=3D"#_ftn17" name=3D"_ftnref17" title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootno=
teReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=3D"font-size:=
11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-U=
S">[17]</span></span></span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:12.0pt">R=
ights, as technologies, are the product of history
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">The enjoyment of Network Self-d=
etermination through the development of community networks can prompt sever=
al positive externalities, thus fostering a decentralised Internet and allo=
wing previously unconnected or scarcely
 connected individuals to access knowledge and education, create new applic=
ations and find occupations, having access to the entire spectrum of opport=
unities to which any individual should be entitled.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Enthusiasm and optimism regardi=
ng community networking should be tempered with a good dose of pragmatism, =
though. Indeed, alternative networks should be seen as a valuable complemen=
t to existing approaches rather than
 a silver bullet that can solve all connectivity problems. Community networ=
ks require sound planning and good governance to be successful and face man=
y technical and policy obstacles over their path. In this perspective, the =
IETF community should consider that
 Internet standards are vital to allow the establishment, interoperability =
and, potentially, the federation of community networks.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">There is no doubt that Network =
Self-determination reinforces the distributed nature of the Internet and th=
ere is no reason why individuals should not have the possibility to build t=
he Internet themselves, improving their
 standards of living while bridging digital divides. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Communities around the globe ar=
e discovering they have the potential to create alternative networks and ma=
ny of them are already doing so. As the Italian philosopher Norberto Bobbio=
 famously argued, human rights are the
 product of historical evolutions.</span><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn18"=
 href=3D"#_ftn18" name=3D"_ftnref18" title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteR=
eference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=3D"font-size:11.=
0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">=
[18]</span></span></span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US">
 In this spirit, everyone should be free to enjoy Network Self-determinatio=
n, associating and building a new piece of the Internet.<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D=
"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">[=
1]</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;C=
alibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"> See</span><span style=3D"font-size:10=
.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><a href=3D"http://www.worl=
dbank.org/en/publication/wdr2016"><span style=3D"color:black;text-decoratio=
n:none">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">http://www.worldbank.or=
g/en/publication/wdr2016</span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"fon=
t-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span=
></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D=
"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">[=
2]</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;C=
alibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"> See Belli L. (2017). Network
 Self-Determination and the Positive Externalities of Community Networks.</=
span><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-s=
erif"><a href=3D"http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/handle/10438/19924"=
><span style=3D"color:black;text-decoration:none">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">http://bibliotecadigita=
l.fgv.br/dspace/handle/10438/19924</span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" st=
yle=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p></=
o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D=
"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">[=
3]</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;C=
alibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"> See RFC 8280</span><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><a href=3D"https:=
//trac.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8280#page-40"><span style=3D"color:black;text=
-decoration:none">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">https://trac.tools.ietf=
.org/html/rfc8280#page-40</span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"fo=
nt-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D=
"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">[=
4]</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;C=
alibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"> See</span><span style=3D"font-size:10=
.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><a href=3D"https://www.rfc=
-editor.org/rfc/rfc7962.txt"><span style=3D"color:black;text-decoration:non=
e">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">https://www.rfc-editor.=
org/rfc/rfc7962.txt</span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-siz=
e:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D=
"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">[=
5]</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;C=
alibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"> See</span><span style=3D"font-size:10=
.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><a href=3D"https://www.itu=
.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFigures2017.pdf"><span sty=
le=3D"color:black;text-decoration:none">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">https://www.itu.int/en/=
ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFigures2017.pdf</span></a></span><=
span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quo=
t;,sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify"><span lang=
=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-s=
erif;color:black">[6]</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;=
font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"> See e.g.
 Rey-Moreno, C., Blignaut, R., May, J., &amp; Tucker, W. D. (2016). An in-d=
epth study of the ICT ecosystem in a South African rural community: unveili=
ng expenditure and communication patterns. &nbsp;Information Technology for=
 Development Vol. 22 (sup 1). Pp 101&#8211;120.
</span><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans=
-serif"><a href=3D"http://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2016.1155145"><span lang=
=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:black;text-decoration:none">&nbsp;</span><span la=
ng=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">http://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2016.1=
155145</span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font=
-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify"><sup><span=
 lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,s=
ans-serif;color:black">[7]</span></sup><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">
 See Declaration on Community Connectivity</span><span style=3D"font-size:1=
0.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><a href=3D"http://communi=
tyconnectivity.xyz/"><span style=3D"color:black;text-decoration:none">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">http://communityconnect=
ivity.xyz/</span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;=
font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D=
"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">[=
8]</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;C=
alibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"> See</span><span style=3D"font-size:10=
.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><a href=3D"http://www.netw=
orkneutrality.info/"><span style=3D"color:black;text-decoration:none">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">http://www.networkneutr=
ality.info/</span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt=
;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D=
"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">[=
9]</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;C=
alibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"> See RFC 8280</span><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><a href=3D"https:=
//trac.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8280#page-40"><span style=3D"color:black;text=
-decoration:none">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">https://trac.tools.ietf=
.org/html/rfc8280#page-40</span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"fo=
nt-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D=
"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">[=
10]</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;=
Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"> See</span><span style=3D"font-size:1=
0.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><a href=3D"https://commot=
ionwireless.net/docs/cck/"><span style=3D"color:black;text-decoration:none"=
>
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">https://commotionwirele=
ss.net/docs/cck/</span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:1=
0.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify"><sup><span=
 lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,s=
ans-serif;color:black">[11]</span></sup><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-=
size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">
 See</span><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,=
sans-serif"><a href=3D"http://altermundi.net/"><span style=3D"color:black;t=
ext-decoration:none">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">http://altermundi.net/<=
/span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family=
:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D=
"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">[=
12]</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;=
Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"> See</span><span style=3D"font-size:1=
0.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><a href=3D"http://www.coo=
lab.org/quem-somos/"><span style=3D"color:black;text-decoration:none">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">http://www.coolab.org/q=
uem-somos/</span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;=
font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify"><sup><span=
 lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,s=
ans-serif;color:black">[13]</span></sup><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-=
size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">
 See</span><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,=
sans-serif"><a href=3D"https://guifi.net/en/what_is_guifinet"><span style=
=3D"color:black;text-decoration:none">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">https://guifi.net/en/wh=
at_is_guifinet</span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.=
0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify"><span lang=
=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-s=
erif;color:black;background:white">[14]</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D=
"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black;ba=
ckground:white">
 See Baig, R., Roca, R., Freitag, F., Navarro L. (2015). Guifi.net, a Crowd=
sourced Network Infrastructure Held in Common. In Computer Networks. N=B0 9=
0.</span><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sa=
ns-serif"><a href=3D"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2015.07.009"><span =
style=3D"color:black;background:white;text-decoration:none">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC;background:white">http:/=
/dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2015.07.009</span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-=
US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify"><sup><span=
 lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,s=
ans-serif;color:black">[15]</span></sup><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-=
size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">
 A complete list of services developed by the Guifi.net community can be fo=
und at</span><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot=
;,sans-serif"><a href=3D"https://guifi.net/en/node/3671/view/services"><spa=
n style=3D"color:black;text-decoration:none">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#1155CC">https://guifi.net/en/no=
de/3671/view/services</span></a></span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D=
"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">[=
16]</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;=
Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black"> See Belli L. (Ed.) (2017).
 Community networks: the Internet by the people, for the people. Official O=
utcome of the UN IGF Dynamic Coalition on Community Connectivity.
</span><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans=
-serif;color:black">FGV Direito Rio.</span><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;=
font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><a href=3D"http://bibliotecadig=
ital.fgv.br/dspace/handle/10438/19401"><span style=3D"color:black;text-deco=
ration:none">
</span><span style=3D"color:#1155CC">http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace=
/handle/10438/19401</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style=3D"margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0=
pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color:black">[17]</span><span=
 style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;color=
:black"> See RFC 1958</span><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&qu=
ot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif"><a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1958=
"><span style=3D"color:black;text-decoration:none">
</span><span style=3D"color:#1155CC">https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1958</s=
pan></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;color:bl=
ack">[18]</span><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;color:black"> S=
ee Bobbio N. (1990). L'et=E0 dei diritti.</span><span lang=3D"IT" style=3D"=
font-size:10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"IT"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<table class=3D"MsoNormalTable" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0" width=3D"0" style=3D"width:456.75pt">
<tbody>
<tr style=3D"height:78.0pt">
<td width=3D"298" rowspan=3D"2" style=3D"width:223.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm =
0cm;height:78.0pt">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-align:center"><span s=
tyle=3D"mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><img border=3D"0" width=3D"298" height=
=3D"146" id=3D"_x0000_i1026" src=3D"http://www.fgv.br/mailing/Direito_Rio/a=
ssinatura_email/Marca_FGV_Direito_Rio.png" alt=3D"FGV Direito Rio"></span><=
span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
</td>
<td width=3D"311" style=3D"width:233.25pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:78=
.0pt">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:3.7pt"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" =
style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#0=
08ECF;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">Luca Belli, PhD</span></b><span lang=3D"E=
N-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;co=
lor:#666666;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><br>
<i>Senior Researcher </i><br>
<i>Head of </i></span><b><i><span style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&qu=
ot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#666666;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><a href=
=3D"http://internet-governance.fgv.br/" target=3D"_blank"><span lang=3D"EN-=
US" style=3D"color:#0563C1">Internet Governance @ FGV</span></a></span></i>=
</b><b><i><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;=
Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#666666;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><o:p></o:p=
></span></i></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:3.7pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US" sty=
le=3D"font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#66666=
6;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">luca.belli@fgv.br</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" =
style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#6=
66666;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><br>
&#43;55 21 3799 <b>5763<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:3.7pt"><b><i><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#666666;mso-fa=
reast-language:PT-BR"><a href=3D"https://twitter.com/1lucabelli" target=3D"=
_blank"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#0563C1">@1lucabelli</span></a>=
</span></i></b><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#666666;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><o=
:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style=3D"padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><img bord=
er=3D"0" width=3D"260" height=3D"58" id=3D"_x0000_i1025" src=3D"http://www.=
fgv.br/mailing/Direito_Rio/assinatura_email/Ondas.png" alt=3D"http://www.fg=
v.br/mailing/Direito_Rio/assinatura_email/Ondas.png"></span><span style=3D"=
font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote-list"><br clear=3D"all">
<hr align=3D"left" size=3D"1" width=3D"33%">
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn1">
<p class=3D"MsoFootnoteText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001=
pt"><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn1" href=3D"#_ftnref1" name=3D"_ftn1" tit=
le=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteRefe=
rence"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans=
-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[1]</span></span></span></a><span lang=
=3D"EN-US">
 See </span><a href=3D"http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2016"><sp=
an lang=3D"EN-US">http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2016</span></a=
>
<span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn2">
<p class=3D"MsoFootnoteText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001=
pt"><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn2" href=3D"#_ftnref2" name=3D"_ftn2" tit=
le=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteRefe=
rence"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans=
-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[2]</span></span></span></a><span lang=
=3D"EN-US">
 See Belli L. (2017). Network Self-Determination and the Positive Externali=
ties of Community Networks.
</span><a href=3D"http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/handle/10438/19924=
"><span lang=3D"EN-US">http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/handle/10438/=
19924</span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn3">
<p class=3D"MsoFootnoteText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001=
pt"><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn3" href=3D"#_ftnref3" name=3D"_ftn3" tit=
le=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteRefe=
rence"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans=
-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[3]</span></span></span></a><span lang=
=3D"EN-US">
 See RFC 8280 </span><a href=3D"https://trac.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8280#pa=
ge-40"><span lang=3D"EN-US">https://trac.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8280#page-4=
0</span></a>
<span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn4">
<p class=3D"MsoFootnoteText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001=
pt"><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn4" href=3D"#_ftnref4" name=3D"_ftn4" tit=
le=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteRefe=
rence"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans=
-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[4]</span></span></span></a><span lang=
=3D"EN-US">
 See </span><a href=3D"https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7962.txt"><span la=
ng=3D"EN-US">https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7962.txt</span></a>
<span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn5">
<p class=3D"MsoFootnoteText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001=
pt"><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn5" href=3D"#_ftnref5" name=3D"_ftn5" tit=
le=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteRefe=
rence"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans=
-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[5]</span></span></span></a><span lang=
=3D"EN-US">
 See </span><a href=3D"https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/fa=
cts/ICTFactsFigures2017.pdf"><span lang=3D"EN-US">https://www.itu.int/en/IT=
U-D/Statistics/Documents/facts/ICTFactsFigures2017.pdf</span></a>
<span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn6">
<p class=3D"MsoFootnoteText" style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0=
cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:7.1pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:jus=
tify;text-indent:-7.1pt">
<a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn6" href=3D"#_ftnref6" name=3D"_ftn6" title=
=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteRefere=
nce"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-s=
erif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[6]</span></span></span></a><span lang=3D"=
EN-US">
 See e.g. Rey-Moreno, C., Blignaut, R., May, J., &amp; Tucker, W. D. (2016)=
. An in-depth study of the ICT ecosystem in a South African rural community=
: unveiling expenditure and communication patterns.&nbsp; Information Techn=
ology for Development Vol. 22 (sup 1). Pp
 101&#8211;120.&nbsp; </span><a href=3D"http://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.201=
6.1155145"><span lang=3D"EN-US">http://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2016.115514=
5</span></a>
<span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn7">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:7.1pt;text-align:justify;text-i=
ndent:-7.1pt">
<a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn7" href=3D"#_ftnref7" name=3D"_ftn7" title=
=3D""><sup><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt"><sup><span style=3D"font-size:1=
0.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US=
">[7]</span></sup></span></sup></a><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:=
10.0pt">
 See Declaration on Community Connectivity </span><a href=3D"http://communi=
tyconnectivity.xyz/"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt">http:/=
/communityconnectivity.xyz/</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt">
</span><span lang=3D"EN-GB" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></=
p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn8">
<p class=3D"MsoFootnoteText"><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn8" href=3D"#_ft=
nref8" name=3D"_ftn8" title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span=
 class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family=
:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[8]</span></spa=
n></span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US">
 See </span><a href=3D"http://www.networkneutrality.info/"><span lang=3D"EN=
-US">http://www.networkneutrality.info/</span></a>
<span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn9">
<p class=3D"MsoFootnoteText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001=
pt"><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn9" href=3D"#_ftnref9" name=3D"_ftn9" tit=
le=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteRefe=
rence"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans=
-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[9]</span></span></span></a><span lang=
=3D"EN-US">
 See RFC 8280 </span><a href=3D"https://trac.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8280#pa=
ge-40"><span lang=3D"EN-US">https://trac.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8280#page-4=
0</span></a>
<span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn10">
<p class=3D"MsoFootnoteText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001=
pt"><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn10" href=3D"#_ftnref10" name=3D"_ftn10" =
title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteR=
eference"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,s=
ans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[10]</span></span></span></a><span la=
ng=3D"EN-US">
 See </span><a href=3D"https://commotionwireless.net/docs/cck/"><span lang=
=3D"EN-US">https://commotionwireless.net/docs/cck/</span></a>
<span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn11">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:7.1pt;text-align:justify;text-i=
ndent:-7.1pt">
<a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn11" href=3D"#_ftnref11" name=3D"_ftn11" titl=
e=3D""><sup><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt"><sup><span style=3D"font-size:=
10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-U=
S">[11]</span></sup></span></sup></a><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-siz=
e:10.0pt">
 See </span><a href=3D"http://altermundi.net/"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=
=3D"font-size:10.0pt">http://altermundi.net/</span></a><span style=3D"font-=
size:10.0pt">
<span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn12">
<p class=3D"MsoFootnoteText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001=
pt"><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn12" href=3D"#_ftnref12" name=3D"_ftn12" =
title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteR=
eference"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,s=
ans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[12]</span></span></span></a><span la=
ng=3D"EN-US">
 See </span><a href=3D"http://www.coolab.org/quem-somos/"><span lang=3D"EN-=
US">http://www.coolab.org/quem-somos/</span></a>
<span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn13">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:7.1pt;text-align:justify;text-i=
ndent:-7.1pt">
<a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn13" href=3D"#_ftnref13" name=3D"_ftn13" titl=
e=3D""><sup><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt"><sup><span style=3D"font-size:=
10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-U=
S">[13]</span></sup></span></sup></a><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-siz=
e:10.0pt">
 See </span><a href=3D"https://guifi.net/en/what_is_guifinet"><span class=
=3D"InternetLink"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt">https://g=
uifi.net/en/what_is_guifinet</span></span></a><span style=3D"font-size:10.0=
pt">
<span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn14">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-align:justify;background:white"><a sty=
le=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn14" href=3D"#_ftnref14" name=3D"_ftn14" title=3D""=
><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt"><spa=
n class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-famil=
y:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[14]</span></s=
pan></span></span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt">
 See Baig, R., Roca, R., Freitag, F., Navarro L. (2015). Guifi.net, a Crowd=
sourced Network Infrastructure Held in Common. In Computer Networks. N=B0 9=
0.
</span><a href=3D"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2015.07.009"><span cla=
ss=3D"InternetLink"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt">http://=
dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2015.07.009</span></span></a><span lang=3D"EN-U=
S" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn15">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:7.1pt;text-align:justify;text-i=
ndent:-7.1pt">
<a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn15" href=3D"#_ftnref15" name=3D"_ftn15" titl=
e=3D""><sup><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt"><sup><span style=3D"font-size:=
10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-U=
S">[15]</span></sup></span></sup></a><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-siz=
e:10.0pt">
 A complete list of services developed by the Guifi.net community can be fo=
und at
</span><a href=3D"https://guifi.net/en/node/3671/view/services"><span lang=
=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt">https://guifi.net/en/node/3671/view/s=
ervices</span></a><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt">
<span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn16">
<p class=3D"MsoFootnoteText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001=
pt"><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn16" href=3D"#_ftnref16" name=3D"_ftn16" =
title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteR=
eference"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,s=
ans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[16]</span></span></span></a><span la=
ng=3D"EN-US">
 See Belli L. (Ed.) (2017). Community networks: the Internet by the people,=
 for the people. Official Outcome of the UN IGF Dynamic Coalition on Commun=
ity Connectivity.
</span>FGV Direito Rio. <a href=3D"http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/h=
andle/10438/19401">
http://bibliotecadigital.fgv.br/dspace/handle/10438/19401</a> <o:p></o:p></=
p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn17">
<p class=3D"MsoFootnoteText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001=
pt"><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn17" href=3D"#_ftnref17" name=3D"_ftn17" =
title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteR=
eference"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,s=
ans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[17]</span></span></span></a>
 See RFC 1958 <a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1958">https://tools=
.ietf.org/html/rfc1958</a>
<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div style=3D"mso-element:footnote" id=3D"ftn18">
<p class=3D"MsoFootnoteText" style=3D"margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001=
pt"><a style=3D"mso-footnote-id:ftn18" href=3D"#_ftnref18" name=3D"_ftn18" =
title=3D""><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteReference"><span class=3D"MsoFootnoteR=
eference"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,s=
ans-serif;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">[18]</span></span></span></a><span la=
ng=3D"IT">
 See Bobbio N. (1990). L'et=E0 dei diritti.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_4B6296ABAE1FC944984F6C9FE996FE19014AC8B2E4DC6010fgvbr_--


From nobody Sat Mar 17 08:05:33 2018
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From: Harry Halpin <harry.halpin@inria.fr>
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Thread-Topic: Can Protocols Enforce Human Rights via the IETF? March 23 seminar at University College London 13:00-15:00
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Everyone,=20

I was hoping to engage some of the great work at HRPC with academic compute=
r scientists from Inria and UCL working on security and privacy while peopl=
e are at IETF, so if any of you have time, we would love to see you here. I=
t will be a relatively small seminar and so more discussion than talks, but=
 should allow some technical deep-diving and help recruit more academics to=
 engage with HRPC and review documents. So I do hope we can see some of HRP=
C there! I'll be at IETF starting Wednesday if there's any questions.=20


----=20

Seminar: Can Protocols Enforce Human Rights via the IETF?=20
London, University College London (Dept. of Computer Science)=20
March 23 2018 1:00-3:00 PM=20
Room 4.05 in 66-72 Gower Street=20
Directions: [ http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/getting_here/ | http://www.cs.ucl.ac.=
uk/getting_here/ ]=20

Over the last few years, it has become increasingly clear that protocols ar=
e sites of political power. Following the intervention of Snowden at the IE=
TF (Internet Engineering Task Force) in 2015 and the call by Tim Berners-Le=
e for a 'magna carta' for the Web, engineers at the IETF have been consider=
ing creating 'human rights' reviews of new standard protocols. From the con=
troversy around DRM at the W3C to the current debate on TLS 1.3 on the abil=
ity to explicitly allow decryption to plaintext, political battles over the=
 priority of the rights of end-users in standard bodies have become more wi=
despread. Progress is being made: The IETF has endorsed via their research =
branch, the Internet Research Task Force, to create a new Human Rights Prot=
ocol Considerations (HRPC) to systematize the relationship between human ri=
ghts and protocols, to eventually ensure that new protocols at the IETF are=
 compatible with basic rights as explored in RFC 8280. On the other hand, a=
lthough public awareness of these issues has grown, attempts to 'crowd-sour=
ce' popular involvement in changing laws to preserve fundamental rights at =
the Internet has largely been unsuccessful.=20

Held in conjunction with IETF 101 in London, this seminar will briefly over=
view the main political issues facing current protocols at the IETF and the=
 technical issues facing HRPC. Then we will have an open discuss in detail =
over the drafts of current documents and what can be done in terms of both =
current and future relevant work in computer science on privacy, encryption=
, and decentralization.=20

We hope researchers at UCL can attend, as well as members of the HRPC and r=
elevant IETF Working Groups.=20

- Hosted by George Danezis, Professor of Information Security at University=
 College London=20
- Corinne Cath: University of Oxford, co-editor of RFC 8280 ( [ https://dat=
atracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8280/ | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8280/ =
] )=20
- Giacomo Gilmozzi: Institut de recherche et d'innovation du Centre Pompido=
u, who are working on annotation systems for 'crowdsourcing' net rights.=20
- Harry Halpin: Inria, ex-W3C, co-ordinator of NEXTLEAP Project ( [ http://=
nextleap.eu/ | http://nextleap.eu/ ] )=20
- Mallory Knodel: Head of Digital at Article 19, co-chair of Human Rights C=
onsiderations for Protocol Research Group ( [ https://irtf.org/hrpc | https=
://irtf.org/hrpc ] )=20
- Niels Ten Oever: University of Amsterdam, co-founder of Human Rights Cons=
iderations for Protocol Research Group at the IRTF, co-editor of RFC 8280.=
=20

--=_c6ae92b9-dd82-4040-9d39-f5980b73c2a4
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<html><body><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 12pt; color: #000000"><div style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial=
, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-=
ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spac=
ing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transfor=
m: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-st=
roke-width: 0px; background-color: #fdfdfd; text-decoration-style: initial;=
 text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-style=3D"color: #000000; font-fa=
mily: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; fo=
nt-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; =
letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; te=
xt-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -web=
kit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #fdfdfd; text-decoration-styl=
e: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><div style=3D"color: #000000; =
font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-style=
=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1=
2pt;">Everyone,</div><div style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helv=
etica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-style=3D"color: #000000; font=
-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br data-mce-bogus=
=3D"1"></div><div style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, s=
ans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-style=3D"color: #000000; font-family:=
 arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">I was hoping to engage som=
e of the great work at HRPC with academic computer scientists from Inria an=
d UCL working on security and privacy while people are at IETF, so if any o=
f you have time, we would love to see you here. It will be a relatively sma=
ll seminar and so more discussion than talks, but should allow some technic=
al deep-diving and help recruit more academics to engage with HRPC and revi=
ew documents. So I do hope we can see some of HRPC there! I'll be at IETF s=
tarting Wednesday if there's any questions.</div><div style=3D"color: #0000=
00; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-s=
tyle=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-siz=
e: 12pt;"><br data-mce-bogus=3D"1"></div><div style=3D"color: #000000; font=
-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-style=3D"=
color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;=
"><br data-mce-bogus=3D"1"></div><div style=3D"color: #000000; font-family:=
 arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-style=3D"color: #=
000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">----</=
div><div style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif=
; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, h=
elvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br data-mce-bogus=3D"1"></div><div=
 style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 12pt;" data-mce-style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica=
, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Seminar: Can Protocols Enforce Human Rights=
 via the IETF?<br></div><div style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, h=
elvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-style=3D"color: #000000; f=
ont-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">London, Univers=
ity College London (Dept. of Computer Science)</div><div style=3D"color: #0=
00000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" data-mc=
e-style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-=
size: 12pt;">March 23 2018 1:00-3:00 PM</div><div>Room 4.05 in 66-72 Gower =
Street</div><div>Directions:&nbsp;<span class=3D"Object" role=3D"link" id=
=3D"OBJ_PREFIX_DWT140_com_zimbra_url" style=3D"color: darkblue; text-decora=
tion: none; cursor: pointer;" data-mce-style=3D"color: darkblue; text-decor=
ation: none; cursor: pointer;"><a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"http://www.cs.u=
cl.ac.uk/getting_here/" style=3D"color: darkblue; text-decoration: none; cu=
rsor: pointer;" data-mce-href=3D"http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/getting_here/" dat=
a-mce-style=3D"color: darkblue; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;">ht=
tp://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/getting_here/</a></span></div><br><div style=3D"color=
: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" dat=
a-mce-style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; f=
ont-size: 12pt;">Over the last few years, it has become increasingly clear =
that protocols are sites of political power. Following the intervention of =
Snowden at the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) in 2015 and the call =
by Tim Berners-Lee for a 'magna carta' for the Web, engineers at the IETF h=
ave been considering creating 'human rights' reviews of new standard protoc=
ols. From the controversy around DRM at the W3C to the current debate on TL=
S 1.3 on the ability to explicitly allow decryption to plaintext, political=
 battles over the priority of the rights of end-users in standard bodies ha=
ve become more widespread. Progress is being made: The IETF&nbsp; has endor=
sed via their research branch, the Internet Research Task Force, to create =
a new Human Rights Protocol Considerations (HRPC) to systematize the relati=
onship between human rights and protocols, to eventually ensure that new pr=
otocols at the IETF are compatible with basic rights as explored in RFC 828=
0. On the other hand, although public awareness of these issues has grown, =
attempts to 'crowd-source' popular involvement in changing laws to preserve=
 fundamental rights at the Internet has largely been unsuccessful.</div><di=
v style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-=
size: 12pt;" data-mce-style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetic=
a, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br></div><div style=3D"color: #000000; fo=
nt-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-style=
=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1=
2pt;">Held in conjunction with IETF 101 in London, this seminar will briefl=
y overview the main political issues facing current protocols at the IETF a=
nd the technical issues facing HRPC. Then we will have an open discuss in d=
etail over the drafts of current documents and what can be done in terms of=
 both current and future relevant work in computer science on privacy, encr=
yption, and decentralization.&nbsp;</div><div style=3D"color: #000000; font=
-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-style=3D"=
color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;=
"><br></div><div style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sa=
ns-serif; font-size: 12pt;" data-mce-style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: =
arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">We hope researchers at UCL =
can attend, as well as members of the HRPC and relevant IETF Working Groups=
.<span>&nbsp;</span><br></div></div><div style=3D"color: #000000; font-fami=
ly: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font=
-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; le=
tter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text=
-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webki=
t-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #fdfdfd; text-decoration-style:=
 initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-style=3D"color: #000000=
; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: n=
ormal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weig=
ht: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent=
: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: =
0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #fdfdfd; text-decora=
tion-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><br></div><div style=
=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 1=
2pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps:=
 normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: =
start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows:=
 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #f=
dfdfd; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;" dat=
a-mce-style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; f=
ont-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-va=
riant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; t=
ext-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: norm=
al; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; backgroun=
d-color: #fdfdfd; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: in=
itial;">- Hosted by George Danezis, Professor of Information Security at Un=
iversity College London</div><div style=3D"color: #000000; font-family: ari=
al, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-varian=
t-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-sp=
acing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transf=
orm: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-=
stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #fdfdfd; text-decoration-style: initia=
l; text-decoration-color: initial;" data-mce-style=3D"color: #000000; font-=
family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; =
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400=
; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; =
text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -w=
ebkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #fdfdfd; text-decoration-st=
yle: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><div>- Corinne Cath: Univers=
ity of Oxford, co-editor of RFC 8280 (<span class=3D"Object" role=3D"link" =
id=3D"OBJ_PREFIX_DWT150_com_zimbra_url" style=3D"color: darkblue; text-deco=
ration: none; cursor: pointer;" data-mce-style=3D"color: darkblue; text-dec=
oration: none; cursor: pointer;"><a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"https://datat=
racker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8280/" style=3D"color: darkblue; text-decoration: no=
ne; cursor: pointer;" data-mce-href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc=
8280/" data-mce-style=3D"color: darkblue; text-decoration: none; cursor: po=
inter;">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc8280/</a></span>)<br></div><div=
>- Giacomo Gilmozzi: Institut de recherche et d'innovation du Centre Pompid=
ou, who are working on annotation systems for 'crowdsourcing' net rights.</=
div><div>- Harry Halpin: Inria, ex-W3C, co-ordinator of NEXTLEAP Project (<=
span class=3D"Object" role=3D"link" id=3D"OBJ_PREFIX_DWT151_com_zimbra_url"=
 style=3D"color: darkblue; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;" data-mc=
e-style=3D"color: darkblue; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;"><a tar=
get=3D"_blank" href=3D"http://nextleap.eu/" style=3D"color: darkblue; text-=
decoration: none; cursor: pointer;" data-mce-href=3D"http://nextleap.eu/" d=
ata-mce-style=3D"color: darkblue; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;">=
http://nextleap.eu/</a></span>)</div><div><div>- Mallory Knodel: Head of Di=
gital at Article 19,&nbsp; co-chair of Human Rights Considerations for Prot=
ocol Research Group (<span class=3D"Object" role=3D"link" id=3D"OBJ_PREFIX_=
DWT153_com_zimbra_url" style=3D"color: darkblue; text-decoration: none; cur=
sor: pointer;" data-mce-style=3D"color: darkblue; text-decoration: none; cu=
rsor: pointer;"><a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"https://irtf.org/hrpc" style=
=3D"color: darkblue; text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;" data-mce-href=
=3D"https://irtf.org/hrpc" data-mce-style=3D"color: darkblue; text-decorati=
on: none; cursor: pointer;">https://irtf.org/hrpc</a></span>)<span>&nbsp;</=
span><br></div></div><div>- Niels Ten Oever: University of Amsterdam, co-fo=
under of Human Rights Considerations for Protocol Research Group at the IRT=
F, co-editor of RFC 8280.<span>&nbsp;</span><br></div><div>&nbsp;</div><div=
>&nbsp;</div></div></div></body></html>
--=_c6ae92b9-dd82-4040-9d39-f5980b73c2a4--


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From: Avri <avri@doria.org>
To: Hrpc <hrpc@irtf.org>
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Subject: [hrpc] Slides for ietf101 session
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     =20
 =20

 Hi,
 =20

 =20
The agdnda is posted.
 =20

 =20
Please send me slides as soon as you can, and before Thursday in any case=
. Alsolet me know how much time is needed.    Still trying to balance a t=
oo full schedule
 =20

 =20
thanks
 =20

 =20
avri
 =20

 =20
 =20
  Thursday Afternoon (x-apple-data-detectors://0)  Session 2 Proposed Age=
nda HRPC IET=46 101 (Will add times later - let me know how much you need=
 - we have 2 hrs) - Beginning (5 min) Scribe, Note takers Agenda Review  =
&c. - Assorted document status - Update from the Hackathon - Luca Belli o=
n =E2=80=9CNetwork Self-Determination=E2=80=9D - Update on draft-irtf-hrp=
c-guidelines - Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity - Update on draft-teno=
ever-hrpc-association - Update on draft-tenoever-hrpc-political - Update =
on implementation of 451 - Human Rights Review Team Update on any drafts =
under R=46C8280 considerations review - Open Discussion - AOB =20

 =20

 =20
 =20

 =20
     
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<html><body><div id=3D=22edo-message=22><div></div>Hi,</div><div id=3D=22=
edo-message=22><br></div><div id=3D=22edo-message=22>The agdnda is posted=
.</div><div id=3D=22edo-message=22><br></div><div id=3D=22edo-message=22>=
Please send me slides as soon as you can, and before Thursday in any case=
. Alsolet me know how much time is needed. &nbsp;Still trying to balance =
a too full schedule</div><div id=3D=22edo-message=22><br></div><div id=3D=
=22edo-message=22>thanks</div><div id=3D=22edo-message=22><br></div><div =
id=3D=22edo-message=22>avri</div><div id=3D=22edo-message=22><br></div><d=
iv id=3D=22edo-message=22><pre style=3D=22white-space: normal; background=
-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);=22><a dir=3D=22ltr=22 href=3D=22x-apple-d=
ata-detectors://0=22 x-apple-data-detectors=3D=22true=22 x-apple-data-det=
ectors-type=3D=22calendar-event=22 x-apple-data-detectors-result=3D=220=22=
>Thursday Afternoon</a> Session 2


Proposed Agenda HRPC IET=46 101
(Will add times later - let me know how much you need - we have 2 hrs)

- Beginning (5 min)
	Scribe, Note takers
	Agenda Review
	&amp;c.
- Assorted document status
- Update from the Hackathon
- Luca Belli on =E2=80=9CNetwork Self-Determination=E2=80=9D
- Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines
- Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity
- Update on draft-tenoever-hrpc-association
- Update on draft-tenoever-hrpc-political
- Update on implementation of 451
- Human Rights Review Team
	Update on any drafts under R=46C8280 considerations review
- Open Discussion
- AOB</pre></div><div id=3D=22edo-meta=22></div><div id=3D=22edo-original=
=22><div></div></div></body></html>
--5aafa1c6_74b0dc51_ff--


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Subject: [hrpc] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00.txt
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--000000000000cad1d80567c34c5f
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

Hi all,

Submitted a new draft for 451 new protocol elements. I included in this
draft the analysis of HTTP 451 from a human rights perspective as laid out
in the manyfolks-hrcrfc7725 draft while also addressing previous comments
made by Stephane and others.

Suggestions/comments very welcome, as always.


---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: <internet-drafts@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 12:38 PM
Subject: New Version Notification for
draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00.txt
To: Shivan Kaul Sahib <shivankaulsahib@gmail.com>



A new version of I-D, draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00.txt
has been successfully submitted by Shivan Kaul Sahib and posted to the
IETF repository.

Name:           draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements
Revision:       00
Title:          New protocol elements for HTTP Status Code 451
Document date:  2018-03-19
Group:          Individual Submission
Pages:          8
URL:            https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-sahib-451-new-
protocol-elements-00.txt
Status:         https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-sahib-451-new-
protocol-elements/
Htmlized:       https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-
elements-00
Htmlized:       https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-sahib-451-new-
protocol-elements


Abstract:
   This draft recommends protocol updates to Hypertext Transfer Protocol
   (HTTP) status code 451 (defined by RFC7725) based on an examination
   of how the new status code is being used by parties involved in
   denial of Internet resources because of legal demands.  Also included
   is an analysis of HTTP 451 from a human rights perspective using
   guidelines from RFC8280.

   Discussion of this draft is at https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/
   hrpc and https://lists.ghserv.net/mailman/listinfo/statuscode451.




Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

The IETF Secretariat

--000000000000cad1d80567c34c5f
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,=
serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Hi all,</div><div class=3D"gmail=
_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,5=
1,51)"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,=
serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Submitted a new draft for 451 ne=
w protocol elements. I included in this draft the analysis of HTTP 451 from=
 a human rights perspective as laid out in the=C2=A0manyfolks-hrcrfc7725 dr=
aft while also addressing previous comments made by Stephane and others.=C2=
=A0</div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;fo=
nt-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" s=
tyle=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Sugg=
estions/comments very welcome, as always.</div><div class=3D"gmail_default"=
 style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><b=
r></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;fon=
t-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_quote">----=
------ Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class=3D"gmail_sendername">=
</b> <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org">inte=
rnet-drafts@ietf.org</a>&gt;</span><br>Date: Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 12:38 PM<=
br>Subject: New Version Notification for draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-eleme=
nts-00.txt<br>To: Shivan Kaul Sahib &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:shivankaulsahib@g=
mail.com">shivankaulsahib@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br><br><br><br>
A new version of I-D, draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-<wbr>elements-00.txt<br>
has been successfully submitted by Shivan Kaul Sahib and posted to the<br>
IETF repository.<br>
<br>
Name:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-=
<wbr>elements<br>
Revision:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A000<br>
Title:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 New protocol elements for HTTP Sta=
tus Code 451<br>
Document date:=C2=A0 2018-03-19<br>
Group:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Individual Submission<br>
Pages:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 8<br>
URL:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.o=
rg/internet-drafts/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00.txt" rel=3D"nor=
eferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/internet-<wbr>drafts/draft-=
sahib-451-new-<wbr>protocol-elements-00.txt</a><br>
Status:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://datatracker.iet=
f.org/doc/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements/" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=
=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/<wbr>doc/draft-sahib-451-new-<wbr>=
protocol-elements/</a><br>
Htmlized:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/=
draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_bla=
nk">https://tools.ietf.org/html/<wbr>draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-<wbr>elem=
ents-00</a><br>
Htmlized:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org=
/doc/html/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=
=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/<wbr>doc/html/draft-sahib-451-new-=
<wbr>protocol-elements</a><br>
<br>
<br>
Abstract:<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0This draft recommends protocol updates to Hypertext Transfer P=
rotocol<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0(HTTP) status code 451 (defined by RFC7725) based on an examin=
ation<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0of how the new status code is being used by parties involved i=
n<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0denial of Internet resources because of legal demands.=C2=A0 A=
lso included<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0is an analysis of HTTP 451 from a human rights perspective usi=
ng<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0guidelines from RFC8280.<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0Discussion of this draft is at <a href=3D"https://www.irtf.org=
/mailman/listinfo/" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.irtf.o=
rg/mailman/<wbr>listinfo/</a><br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0hrpc and <a href=3D"https://lists.ghserv.net/mailman/listinfo/=
statuscode451" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://lists.ghserv.ne=
t/<wbr>mailman/listinfo/statuscode451</a><wbr>.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submissio=
n<br>
until the htmlized version and diff are available at <a href=3D"http://tool=
s.ietf.org" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">tools.ietf.org</a>.<br>
<br>
The IETF Secretariat<br>
<br>
</div><br></div>

--000000000000cad1d80567c34c5f--


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Subject: Re: [hrpc] new version draft-tenoever-hrpc-politica
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Hi Stephane,

Better late then never, here we go:

On 02/22/2018 12:20 PM, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
> On Wed, Feb 21, 2018 at 10:14:17PM +0100,
>  Niels ten Oever <mail@nielstenoever.net> wrote 
>  a message of 35 lines which said:
> 
>> Here is a new version of draft-tenoever-hrpc political, based on review
>> of discussions during IETF100 as well discussions on-list and two
>> off-list threads.
>>
>> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tenoever-hrpc-political-03
> 
> Although better, this document still seems to me too vague. It is not
> clear for the reader what's the goal. Section 10 makes the purpose
> much clearer, but I suggest to summarize it right from the start,
> otherwise some readers will drop reading before the end. I suggest to
> add in the abstract "This document claims that we should acknowledge
> there is politics in standards, and I-D should be evaluated, among
> other things, in that light" (yes, it spoils, but this is a research
> draft, not a movie).

Fully agree; rewrite for -05:

This document argues that the politics of standards need to be taken
into account in the standards development process. We come to this
conclusion by mapping different perspectives on the relation between
standards and politics in the Internet community and by providing
illustrations of the political aspects of standard development.

> 
> More specifically:
> 
> * the draft sometimes say "protocol" and sometimes "standards". Are
> they used as synonyms? If so, why, for instance, the title talks about
> standards and the abstract about protocols?

Addressed in -05
> 
> * section 3 has a lot of overlap with RFC 8280. Should it be replaced
> by a reference to section 4 of RFC 8280?
> 

You mean the outline of positions? I think the part of overview in
RFC8280 is an overview of position in scientific literature, whereas
these are positions found in the IETF.

> Editorial:
> 
> * "one interpretation of [RFC7258] is that pervasive monitoring is an
> "attack" in the narrow sense" I'm confused here, I was not able to
> find what is this "narrow sense". Is it a reference to section 2? If
> so, it is unclear.
> 

'narrow sense' removed.


> * "Politics is the process of making decisions applying to all members
> of a group" I would replace "a group" by "a diverse group, with
> conflicting interests". It is much easier to reach decisions, if
> people are close, and have similar interests (one can argue this is
> why there was no explicit discussion of politics at the beginning of
> the Network Working Group: stakeholders were much more homogeneous at
> this time).
> 

Accepted!

Thanks!


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Hi all,

New version of draft-tenoever-hrpc-political for your consideration!

Best,

Niels

-------- Forwarded Message --------
Subject: New Version Notification for draft-tenoever-hrpc-political-04.txt
Date: Mon, 19 Mar 2018 10:52:31 -0700
From: internet-drafts@ietf.org
To: Niels ten Oever <mail@nielstenoever.net>, Amelia Andersdotter
<amelia@article19.org>


A new version of I-D, draft-tenoever-hrpc-political-04.txt
has been successfully submitted by Niels ten Oever and posted to the
IETF repository.

Name:		draft-tenoever-hrpc-political
Revision:	04
Title:		On the Politics of Standards
Document date:	2018-03-19
Group:		Individual Submission
Pages:		16
URL:
https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-tenoever-hrpc-political-04.txt
Status:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-tenoever-hrpc-political/
Htmlized:       https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tenoever-hrpc-political-04
Htmlized:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-tenoever-hrpc-political
Diff:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-tenoever-hrpc-political-04

Abstract:
   This document argues that the politics of standards need to be taken
   into account in the standards development process.  We come to this
   conclusion by mapping different perspectives on the relation between
   standards and politics in the Internet community and by providing
   illustrations of the political aspects of standard development.




Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

The IETF Secretariat


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On 02/22/2018 03:09 PM, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
> On Fri, Feb 16, 2018 at 09:50:57PM +0100,
>  Niels ten Oever <mail@nielstenoever.net> wrote 
>  a message of 76 lines which said:
> 
>> Gisela and I are very happy to share a new version of the
>> association draft with you.
> 
> Summary: I agree, I think it is important, and I think the synthesis
> in section 8, and its conclusion, are fine.
> 
> Now, the details.
> 
>> The Internet provides a global public space, but one that is built
>> on private infrastructure.
> 
> *Mostly* (may be) on private infrastructure but not all. NRENs are a
> good example of public infrastructure, but there are others. (Even
> more if you regard DNS registries as infrastructure.)
> 

Agreed, changed into:

"but one that is built for the most part on private infrastructure"

>> This is also true for the Border Gateway Protocol
> 
> The last paragraph of section 6 is very confused. The fact that "there
> is no transparency about the routes that packets have taken" has
> nothing to do with BGP (it is an IP issue, since "record route" - RFC
> 791, section 3.1 - was never deployed). Pull Request incoming.
> 

Thanks!


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Subject: Re: [hrpc] Proposed Agenda - IETF 101
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Dear Mark,

Sorry for my late reply, inline:

On 03/02/2018 09:50 AM, Mark Perkins wrote:
> Hi Avri
> 
> On reading various hrpc documents, I noted that there were some minor
> language errrors. I have made some edits (in red) which I hope are useful.
> 
>   *  draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity
>   *  draft-tenoever-hrpc-association
>   *  draft-tenoever-hrpc-political
> 

Thanks so much for this! Corrections have been made!

> 
> For the 'draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines' I have a disagreement with how
> intellectual property is treated as a 'human right'.
> 
> UNHDR, Article 27 states that
>  
> (2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material
> interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production
> of which he is the author.
> 
> Similarly, ICESC, Article 15 uses the same language
> 
> 1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of
> everyone:
> 
> (c) To benefit from the protection of the moral and material interests
> resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which
> he is the author.
> 
> The UN special rapporteur on Cultural Rights has explicitly noted that:
> 
> "Intellectual property rights are not human rights", UN special
> rapporteur tells European Parliament
> This is the speech Farida Shaheed, UN special rapporteur in the field of
> cultural rights, held in front of the EP Legal Affairs Committee on May 6.
> https://juliareda.eu/2015/05/intellectual-property-rights-are-not-human-rights/
> 
> <https://juliareda.eu/2015/05/intellectual-property-rights-are-not-human-rights/>
> Statement made by the Special Rapporteur on Cultural Rights at the 28th
> session of the Human Rights Council
> http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15764&LangID=E
> 
> I suggest that the "draft-tenoever-hrpc-guidelines-01" use similar
> language to the UDHR:
> 
> 3.1.  Human rights threats
> 
> "participation in cultural life, protection of intellectual property
> (Art. 27),"
> 
>>
> 
> "participation in cultural life, protection of the moral and material
> interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production
> of which he is the author. (Art. 27),"
> 
> or
> 
> " participation in cultural life, protection of authorial moral and
> material interests (Art. 27),"
> 
> BUT definitely avoid including intellectual property as a human right,
> which is highly contested.
> 

Agreed and adapted!

Best,

Niels

> Best regards
> Mark Perkins
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> On Friday, March 2, 2018, 4:22:48 PM GMT+11, Avri <avri@doria.org> wrote:
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> 
> What is missing?
> 
> Anything that should be removed?
> 
> 
> Thanks
> 
> Avri
> 
> 
> Thursday Afternoon Session 2
> 
> 
> Proposed Agenda HRPC IETF 101
> 
> (Will add times later - let me know how much you need - we have 2 hrs)
> 
>   * Beginning (5 min)
>       o Scribe, Note takers
>       o Agenda Review
>       o &c.
>   * Assorted status
>   * Update from the Hackathon
> 
>   * Luca Belli on “Network Self-Determination�
> 
>   * Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines
>   * Update on draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity
>   * Update on draft-tenoever-hrpc-association
>   * Update on draft-tenoever-hrpc-political
>   * Update on implementation of 451
> 
>   * Update on any drafts under RFC8280 considerations review
> 
>   * Open Discussion
>   * AOB
> *
> 
> _______________________________________________
> hrpc mailing list
> hrpc@irtf.org <mailto:hrpc@irtf.org>
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> hrpc mailing list
> hrpc@irtf.org
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc
> 


From nobody Tue Mar 20 13:37:08 2018
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Human Rights Protocol Considerations RG of the IRTF.

        Title           : Guidelines for Human Rights Protocol Considerations
        Author          : Niels ten Oever
	Filename        : draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines-00.txt
	Pages           : 26
	Date            : 2018-03-20

Abstract:
   This document proposes guidelines for human rights considerations,
   similar to the work done on the guidelines for privacy considerations
   [RFC6973].  This is an updated version of the guidelines for human
   rights considerations in [RFC8280].


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines/

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https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines-00
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines-00


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From nobody Tue Mar 20 13:38:13 2018
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Subject: [hrpc] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-tenoever-hrpc-association-04.txt
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Hi all,

Latest version of draft association with some small changes, (hopefully)
reflecting the discussions and contributions we've had on the list.

Best,

Niels

-------- Forwarded Message --------
Subject: New Version Notification for draft-tenoever-hrpc-association-04.txt
Date: Tue, 20 Mar 2018 13:34:32 -0700
From: internet-drafts@ietf.org
To: Niels ten Oever <mail@nielstenoever.net>, Gisela de Acha
<gisela@derechosdigitales.org>, Gisela Perez de Acha
<gisela@derechosdigitales.org>


A new version of I-D, draft-tenoever-hrpc-association-04.txt
has been successfully submitted by Niels ten Oever and posted to the
IETF repository.

Name:		draft-tenoever-hrpc-association
Revision:	04
Title:		Freedom of Association on the Internet
Document date:	2018-03-20
Group:		Individual Submission
Pages:		23
URL:
https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-tenoever-hrpc-association-04.txt
Status:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-tenoever-hrpc-association/
Htmlized:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tenoever-hrpc-association-04
Htmlized:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-tenoever-hrpc-association
Diff:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-tenoever-hrpc-association-04

Abstract:
   This document scopes the relation between Internet protocols and the
   right to freedom of assembly and association.  Increasingly, the
   Internet mediates our lives, our relationships and our ability to
   exercise our human rights.  The Internet provides a global public
   space, but one that is built predominantly on private infrastructure.
   Since Internet protocols play a central role in the management,
   development and use of the Internet, the relation between protocols
   and the aforementioned rights should be documented and any adverse
   impacts of this relation should be mitigated.




Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

The IETF Secretariat


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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: hrpc@irtf.org
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Subject: [hrpc] [iesg-secretary@ietf.org: Document Action: 'Effects of Pervasive Encryption on Operators' to Informational RFC (draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-25.txt)]
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--7twe3eybwresekan
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Taking into account human rights in Internet protocols is a long
fight... Here, the IESG approved a draft which claims that encryption
is a problem for the network operators because they can no longer
analyze the traffic or modify it (yes, modifications, see section
2.3.4).

--7twe3eybwresekan
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Old-Subject: Document Action: 'Effects of Pervasive Encryption on Operators' to
 Informational RFC (draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-25.txt)
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Subject: Document Action: 'Effects of Pervasive Encryption on Operators' to
 Informational RFC (draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-25.txt)
From: The IESG <iesg-secretary@ietf.org>

The IESG has approved the following document:
- 'Effects of Pervasive Encryption on Operators'
  (draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-25.txt) as Informational RFC

This document has been reviewed in the IETF but is not the product of an IETF
Working Group.

The IESG contact person is Warren Kumari.

A URL of this Internet Draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt/





Technical Summary

   Pervasive Monitoring (PM) attacks on the privacy of Internet users is
   of serious concern to both the user and the operator communities.
   RFC7258 discussed the critical need to protect users' privacy when
   developing IETF specifications and also recognized making networks
   unmanageable to mitigate PM is not an acceptable outcome, an
   appropriate balance is needed.  This document discusses current
   security and network operations and management practices that may be
   impacted by the shift to increased use of encryption to help guide
   protocol development in support of manageable, secure networks.

Working Group Summary

   This is an AD-sponsored document. It was discussed in SAAG, both on 
   the mailing list and in at least one face-to-face meeting (IETF 97 and 
   before).  First IETF LC completed 2017-03-13, and it was on the
   2017-04-13 telechat. There was significant discussion and revision to 
   address the comments/concerns raised during IESG eval, and so a second 
   IETF LC was held, and additional feedback / review solicited and incorporated.



Document Quality

   This Informational document is a fairly extensive collection of security 
   and network management functions that will likely be impacted by the 
   increased use of encryption. Note that this document is a list of issues; 
   there is no attempt to ameliorate the problems in the list. It is meant to 
   help those who are attempting to create solutions to the problem by 
   giving a taxonomy of problems and ab list of useful references. It has 
   been significantly reworked since the first ballot to address the
   comments received, and also to change the tone.

Personnel

   Paul Hoffman is the document shepherd. Stephen Farrell was the
   responsible AD, Warren Kumari has taken the baton since.

--7twe3eybwresekan--


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From: Bob Harold <rharolde@umich.edu>
Date: Wed, 21 Mar 2018 16:06:58 -0400
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Subject: Re: [hrpc] I-D Action: draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines-00.txt
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--001a114af28ac724c50567f1bb92
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

On Tue, Mar 20, 2018 at 4:37 PM, <internet-drafts@ietf.org> wrote:

>
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
> directories.
> This draft is a work item of the Human Rights Protocol Considerations RG
> of the IRTF.
>
>         Title           : Guidelines for Human Rights Protocol
> Considerations
>         Author          : Niels ten Oever
>         Filename        : draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines-00.txt
>         Pages           : 26
>         Date            : 2018-03-20
>
> Abstract:
>    This document proposes guidelines for human rights considerations,
>    similar to the work done on the guidelines for privacy considerations
>    [RFC6973].  This is an updated version of the guidelines for human
>    rights considerations in [RFC8280].
>
>
> The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines/
>
> There are also htmlized versions available at:
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines-00
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines-00
>

"ICT" is used, starting on page 4, but never defined.

-- 
Bob Harold

--001a114af28ac724c50567f1bb92
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">=
On Tue, Mar 20, 2018 at 4:37 PM,  <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:i=
nternet-drafts@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">internet-drafts@ietf.org</a>&gt;=
</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .=
8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><br>
A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.<br>
This draft is a work item of the Human Rights Protocol Considerations RG of=
 the IRTF.<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Title=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0:=
 Guidelines for Human Rights Protocol Considerations<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Author=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 : Niel=
s ten Oever<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Filename=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 : draft-irt=
f-hrpc-guidelines-00.<wbr>txt<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Pages=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0:=
 26<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Date=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 :=
 2018-03-20<br>
<br>
Abstract:<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0This document proposes guidelines for human rights considerati=
ons,<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0similar to the work done on the guidelines for privacy conside=
rations<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0[RFC6973].=C2=A0 This is an updated version of the guidelines =
for human<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0rights considerations in [RFC8280].<br>
<br>
<br>
The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:<br>
<a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines/" re=
l=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/<wbr>doc/dr=
aft-irtf-hrpc-<wbr>guidelines/</a><br>
<br>
There are also htmlized versions available at:<br>
<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines-00" rel=
=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://tools.ietf.org/html/<wbr>draft-ir=
tf-hrpc-guidelines-00</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-irtf-hrpc-guidelines=
-00" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/<wbr=
>doc/html/draft-irtf-hrpc-<wbr>guidelines-00</a><br></blockquote><div><br><=
/div><div>&quot;ICT&quot; is used, starting on page 4, but never defined.</=
div><div><br></div><div>--=C2=A0</div><div>Bob Harold</div><div><br></div><=
/div></div></div>

--001a114af28ac724c50567f1bb92--


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From: Avri Doria <doriavr@gmail.com>
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     =20
 =20

 Hi,
 =20

 =20
Looking for volunteers for both of thise roles.
 =20

 =20
Please.   =20
 =20

 =20
We have a very full agenda, and if this can=E2=80=99t get done before we =
start, all the better.
 =20

 =20
Thanks
 =20

 =20
avri
 =20

 =20
 =20

 =20
     
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<html><body><div id=3D=22edo-message=22><div></div>Hi,</div><div id=3D=22=
edo-message=22><br></div><div id=3D=22edo-message=22>Looking for voluntee=
rs for both of thise roles.</div><div id=3D=22edo-message=22><br></div><d=
iv id=3D=22edo-message=22>Please. &nbsp;</div><div id=3D=22edo-message=22=
><br></div><div id=3D=22edo-message=22>We have a very full agenda, and if=
 this can=E2=80=99t get done before we start, all the better.</div><div i=
d=3D=22edo-message=22><br></div><div id=3D=22edo-message=22>Thanks</div><=
div id=3D=22edo-message=22><br></div><div id=3D=22edo-message=22>avri</di=
v><div id=3D=22edo-meta=22></div><div id=3D=22edo-original=22><div></div>=
</div></body></html>
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From: Corinne Cath <corinnecath@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 22 Mar 2018 10:09:50 +0000
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Happy to take notes. Best, Corinne

On Thu, Mar 22, 2018 at 9:56 AM, Avri Doria <doriavr@gmail.com> wrote:

> Hi,
>
> Looking for volunteers for both of thise roles.
>
> Please.
>
> We have a very full agenda, and if this can=E2=80=99t get done before we =
start,
> all the better.
>
> Thanks
>
> avri
>
> _______________________________________________
> hrpc mailing list
> hrpc@irtf.org
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc
>
>


--=20
Corinne Cath
Ph.D. Candidate, Oxford Internet Institute & Alan Turing Institute

Web: www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath
Email: ccath@turing.ac.uk & corinnecath@gmail.com
Twitter: @C_Cath

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:verdana,=
sans-serif">Happy to take notes. Best, Corinne=C2=A0</div></div><div class=
=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Thu, Mar 22, 2018 at 9:5=
6 AM, Avri Doria <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:doriavr@gmail.com"=
 target=3D"_blank">doriavr@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote c=
lass=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;=
padding-left:1ex"><div><div id=3D"m_946963732809997079edo-message"><div></d=
iv>Hi,</div><div id=3D"m_946963732809997079edo-message"><br></div><div id=
=3D"m_946963732809997079edo-message">Looking for volunteers for both of thi=
se roles.</div><div id=3D"m_946963732809997079edo-message"><br></div><div i=
d=3D"m_946963732809997079edo-message">Please. =C2=A0</div><div id=3D"m_9469=
63732809997079edo-message"><br></div><div id=3D"m_946963732809997079edo-mes=
sage">We have a very full agenda, and if this can=E2=80=99t get done before=
 we start, all the better.</div><div id=3D"m_946963732809997079edo-message"=
><br></div><div id=3D"m_946963732809997079edo-message">Thanks</div><span cl=
ass=3D"HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"><div id=3D"m_946963732809997079edo-m=
essage"><br></div><div id=3D"m_946963732809997079edo-message">avri</div><di=
v id=3D"m_946963732809997079edo-meta"></div><div id=3D"m_946963732809997079=
edo-original"><div></div></div></font></span></div><br>____________________=
__________<wbr>_________________<br>
hrpc mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:hrpc@irtf.org">hrpc@irtf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc" rel=3D"noreferrer" t=
arget=3D"_blank">https://www.irtf.org/mailman/<wbr>listinfo/hrpc</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div cla=
ss=3D"gmail_signature" data-smartmail=3D"gmail_signature"><div dir=3D"ltr">=
<div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div=
 dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><span style=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-=
serif">Corinne Cath <br>Ph.D. Candidate, Oxford Internet Institute &amp; Al=
an Turing Institute <br><br><span style=3D"color:rgb(68,68,68)">Web: <a hre=
f=3D"http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath" target=3D"_blank">www.oii=
.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath</a> <br>Email: <a href=3D"mailto:ccath@turing=
.ac.uk" target=3D"_blank">ccath@turing.ac.uk</a> &amp; <a href=3D"mailto:co=
rinnecath@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">corinnecath@gmail.com</a><br>Twitter=
: @C_Cath</span><br></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>=
</div></div></div></div>
</div>

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Date: Thu, 22 Mar 2018 10:20:15 +0000
From: Avri Doria <doriavr@gmail.com>
To: Corinne Cath <corinnecath@gmail.com>
Cc: Hrpc <hrpc@irtf.org>
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     =20
 =20

 Thank you Corinne
 =20

 =20
avri
 =20

 =20
 =20

 =20
 =20
>  =20
> On Mar 22, 2018 at 10:09,  <Corinne Cath (mailto:corinnecath=40gmail.co=
m)>  wrote:
>  =20
>  =20
>  =20
>  =20
>  Happy to take notes. Best, Corinne  =20
>  =20
>  =20
>
>  =20
> On Thu, Mar 22, 2018 at 9:56 AM, Avri Doria  <doriavr=40gmail.com (mail=
to:doriavr=40gmail.com)>  wrote:
>  =20
> >  =20
> >  =20
> >  =20
> >
> >  Hi,
> >  =20
> >
> >  =20
> > Looking for volunteers for both of thise roles.
> >  =20
> >
> >  =20
> > Please.   =20
> >  =20
> >
> >  =20
> > We have a very full agenda, and if this can=E2=80=99t get done before=
 we start, all the better.
> >  =20
> >
> >  =20
> > Thanks
> >    =20
> >
> >  =20
> > avri
> >  =20
> >
> >  =20
> >  =20
> >
> >  =20
> >  =20
> >  =20
> >  =5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=
=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F
> >  hrpc mailing list
> >   hrpc=40irtf.org (mailto:hrpc=40irtf.org)
> >   https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc
> >  =20
>    =20
>  =20
>  =20
>
>  --
>  =20
>  =20
>  =20
>  =20
>  =20
>  =20
>  =20
>  =20
>  =20
>  =20
>  =20
>  =20
> Corinne Cath
>  Ph.D. Candidate, Oxford Internet Institute  &  Alan Turing Institute
>  =20
>   Web:  www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath (http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/p=
eople/corinne-cath)
>  Email:  ccath=40turing.ac.uk (mailto:ccath=40turing.ac.uk)   &   corin=
necath=40gmail.com (mailto:corinnecath=40gmail.com)
>  Twitter: =40C=5FCath
>                                      
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<html><body><div id=3D=22edo-message=22><div></div>Thank you Corinne</div=
><div id=3D=22edo-message=22><br></div><div id=3D=22edo-message=22>avri</=
div><div id=3D=22edo-meta=22></div><div id=3D=22edo-original=22><div><br>=
<br><blockquote type=3D=22cite=22 style=3D=22margin:1ex 0 0 0;border-left=
:1px =23ccc solid;padding-left:0.5ex;=22><div>On Mar 22, 2018 at 10:09, &=
lt;<a href=3D=22mailto:corinnecath=40gmail.com=22>Corinne Cath</a>&gt; wr=
ote:<br><br></div><div><div dir=3D=22ltr=22><div class=3D=22gmail=5Fdefau=
lt=22 style=3D=22font-family:verdana,sans-serif=22>Happy to take notes. B=
est, Corinne&nbsp;</div></div><div class=3D=22gmail=5Fextra=22><br><div c=
lass=3D=22gmail=5Fquote=22>On Thu, Mar 22, 2018 at 9:56 AM, Avri Doria <s=
pan dir=3D=22ltr=22>&lt;<a href=3D=22mailto:doriavr=40gmail.com=22 target=
=3D=22=5Fblank=22>doriavr=40gmail.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquot=
e class=3D=22gmail=5Fquote=22 style=3D=22margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x =23ccc solid;padding-left:1ex=22><div><div id=3D=22m=5F9469637328099970=
79edo-message=22><div></div>Hi,</div><div id=3D=22m=5F946963732809997079e=
do-message=22><br></div><div id=3D=22m=5F946963732809997079edo-message=22=
>Looking for volunteers for both of thise roles.</div><div id=3D=22m=5F94=
6963732809997079edo-message=22><br></div><div id=3D=22m=5F946963732809997=
079edo-message=22>Please. &nbsp;</div><div id=3D=22m=5F946963732809997079=
edo-message=22><br></div><div id=3D=22m=5F946963732809997079edo-message=22=
>We have a very full agenda, and if this can=E2=80=99t get done before we=
 start, all the better.</div><div id=3D=22m=5F946963732809997079edo-messa=
ge=22><br></div><div id=3D=22m=5F946963732809997079edo-message=22>Thanks<=
/div><span class=3D=22HOEnZb=22><font color=3D=22=23888888=22><div id=3D=22=
m=5F946963732809997079edo-message=22><br></div><div id=3D=22m=5F946963732=
809997079edo-message=22>avri</div><div id=3D=22m=5F946963732809997079edo-=
meta=22></div><div id=3D=22m=5F946963732809997079edo-original=22><div></d=
iv></div></font></span></div><br>=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=
=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F<wbr>=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=
=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F<br>
hrpc mailing list<br>
<a href=3D=22mailto:hrpc=40irtf.org=22>hrpc=40irtf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D=22https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc=22 rel=3D=22noref=
errer=22 target=3D=22=5Fblank=22>https://www.irtf.org/mailman/<wbr>listin=
fo/hrpc</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D=22all=22><div><br></div>-- <br><d=
iv class=3D=22gmail=5Fsignature=22 data-smartmail=3D=22gmail=5Fsignature=22=
><div dir=3D=22ltr=22><div><div dir=3D=22ltr=22><div><div dir=3D=22ltr=22=
><div><div dir=3D=22ltr=22><div><div dir=3D=22ltr=22><div><div dir=3D=22l=
tr=22><span style=3D=22font-family:verdana,sans-serif=22>Corinne Cath <br=
>Ph.D. Candidate, Oxford Internet Institute &amp; Alan Turing Institute <=
br><br><span style=3D=22color:rgb(68,68,68)=22>Web: <a href=3D=22http://w=
ww.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath=22 target=3D=22=5Fblank=22>www.oii.ox=
.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath</a> <br>Email: <a href=3D=22mailto:ccath=40tur=
ing.ac.uk=22 target=3D=22=5Fblank=22>ccath=40turing.ac.uk</a> &amp; <a hr=
ef=3D=22mailto:corinnecath=40gmail.com=22 target=3D=22=5Fblank=22>corinne=
cath=40gmail.com</a><br>Twitter: =40C=5FCath</span><br></span></div></div=
></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</div>
</div></blockquote></div></div></body></html>
--5ab3835f_327b23c6_124--


From nobody Thu Mar 22 03:25:55 2018
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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Niels ten Oever <mail@nielstenoever.net>
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Subject: Re: [hrpc] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-tenoever-hrpc-association-03.txt
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On Tue, Mar 20, 2018 at 08:51:54PM +0100,
 Niels ten Oever <mail@nielstenoever.net> wrote 
 a message of 36 lines which said:

> > > This is also true for the Border Gateway Protocol
> > 
> > The last paragraph of section 6 is very confused. The fact that
> > "there is no transparency about the routes that packets have
> > taken" has nothing to do with BGP (it is an IP issue
> 
> Thanks!

But I cannot find it in -04, which has still the (IMHO) wrong version.


From nobody Thu Mar 22 04:09:58 2018
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From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@anvilwalrusden.com>
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Dear colleagues,

In reading the -04 of association, I have had what was (at least for
me) a new insight about one of the things bothering me in this
document.

In section 8, there is this:

   It is undeniable that communities, collaboration and joint action lie
   at the heart of the Internet.

To me, this claim is either trivially true or else false.

What is true about it is that people don't network things together
unless they want to hook things up to communicate (i.e. "to network
things together").

But the claim basically insists that the Internet is built up because
the internetworking is driven by communities, collaboration, and joint
action.  I don't think this is true.  It might be that communities,
collaboration, and joint action are "at the heart of" _networking_.
But why we build that network out of other networks (of networks of
networks &c.) is not clear to me, and it's not plain to me that these
properties are the main reason you'd build an internet.  On the
contrary, in many ways the Internet is the _opposite_ of
collaboration: I do not need to collaborate with the other network
operators to internetwork with them.  I just need to follow common
protocols.  Note how unlike a centralized network (which depends on
pre-existing contractual relationships) this is, and how much more
collaboration and joint action is needed by those more-centralized
designs.

Indeed, given the kind of concentration and consolodation we are
seeing in both transit and application layers on the Internet, one
might argue that a burgeoning demand for controlled communities,
managed collaboration, and joint action is what is going to kill the
free-wheeling Internet in favour of a vastly more centralized and
centrally-controlled network.  By forgetting the "inter" part of
Internet, we might get a thing that we call "internet" that isn't the
Internet at all.

I think, therefore, that the reason I've been bothered so much by this
document historically is because it isn't being careful about the
distinction between an internetwork and a network.  It is certainly
true that the Internet has today apparently swallowed most other
networking styles, but the situation is complicated by the fact that
these networks can happen at many different layers: you can make a
centralized and centrally-managed application network over a
distributed transport network (this describes most social media sites
today, for instance).

Best regards,

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@anvilwalrusden.com


From nobody Thu Mar 22 05:31:21 2018
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From: Niels ten Oever <mail@nielstenoever.net>
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Subject: Re: [hrpc] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-tenoever-hrpc-association-03.txt
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On 03/22/2018 11:24 AM, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
> On Tue, Mar 20, 2018 at 08:51:54PM +0100,
>  Niels ten Oever <mail@nielstenoever.net> wrote 
>  a message of 36 lines which said:
> 
>>>> This is also true for the Border Gateway Protocol
>>>
>>> The last paragraph of section 6 is very confused. The fact that
>>> "there is no transparency about the routes that packets have
>>> taken" has nothing to do with BGP (it is an IP issue
>>
>> Thanks!
> 
> But I cannot find it in -04, which has still the (IMHO) wrong version.
> 


To my great shame I had not properly integrated the Pull Request, but
have done so now:

https://github.com/nllz/IRTF-HRPC/commit/38c9cdc9396b2b65c094d787b60e00c6f8fd05b6#diff-8bf5915675feadf7368fb670e2e3e688

Best,

Niels


From nobody Thu Mar 22 08:06:17 2018
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Hi,

On 20.03.2018 20:26, Niels ten Oever wrote:
> […]
>> "participation in cultural life, protection of the moral and material
>> interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production
>> of which he is the author. (Art. 27),"
>>
>> or
>>
>> " participation in cultural life, protection of authorial moral and
>> material interests (Art. 27),"
>>
>> BUT definitely avoid including intellectual property as a human right,
>> which is highly contested.

Agreed, but can you please change the gendered "he" to a gender-neutral
"they"?
i.e. "[…] of which they are the author. (Art. 27),"

I've seen "he / she" in other versions, but I prefer "they" because it
is inclusive to all genders.

Thanks!

Best,
Theresa


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Dear all,

At the HRPC session Thursday last I heard someone (Brian?) mention
Philip Rogaways essay on ethics and cryptography.

It is here: http://web.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway/papers/moral-fn.pdf and
is a fantastic read (also laudably concise).

While I'm at it, I thought I'd bring up an old favourite of mine,
Foucault in Cyberspace by James Boyle:
https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/faculty_scholarship/619/ [French
philosophy =C3=A1 la 1970s, yeah!]

It is also short, and from 1997, but is still very relevant for
mechanisms operating in and around web/connectivity service provision
and, almost assuredly, standardisation of such services.

best regards,

--=20
Amelia Andersdotter
Technical Consultant, Digital Programme

ARTICLE19
www.article19.org

PGP: 3D5D B6CA B852 B988 055A 6A6F FEF1 C294 B4E8 0B55


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From: Shivan <shivankaul.1993@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 26 Mar 2018 02:41:23 +0000
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--f403045fb53a554685056847b6b2
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Thanks Amelia for the links.

I thought it was interesting how much emphasis Rogaway places on the lack
of enthusiasm for the problem of secure messaging within the academic
crypto community, in context of work being done within the IETF (an
engineering org) on encrypted group messaging.

On Sun, Mar 25, 2018, 7:17 AM Amelia Andersdotter <amelia@article19.org>
wrote:

> Dear all,
>
> At the HRPC session Thursday last I heard someone (Brian?) mention
> Philip Rogaways essay on ethics and cryptography.
>
> It is here: http://web.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway/papers/moral-fn.pdf and
> is a fantastic read (also laudably concise).
>
> While I'm at it, I thought I'd bring up an old favourite of mine,
> Foucault in Cyberspace by James Boyle:
> https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/faculty_scholarship/619/ [French
> philosophy =C3=A1 la 1970s, yeah!]
>
> It is also short, and from 1997, but is still very relevant for
> mechanisms operating in and around web/connectivity service provision
> and, almost assuredly, standardisation of such services.
>
> best regards,
>
> --
> Amelia Andersdotter
> Technical Consultant, Digital Programme
>
> ARTICLE19
> www.article19.org
>
> PGP: 3D5D B6CA B852 B988 055A 6A6F FEF1 C294 B4E8 0B55
>
> _______________________________________________
> hrpc mailing list
> hrpc@irtf.org
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc
>

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<div dir=3D"auto">Thanks Amelia for the links.=C2=A0<div dir=3D"auto"><br><=
/div><div dir=3D"auto">I thought it was interesting how much emphasis Rogaw=
ay places on the lack of enthusiasm for the problem of secure messaging wit=
hin the academic crypto community, in context of work being done within the=
 IETF (an engineering org) on encrypted group messaging.</div></div><br><di=
v class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr">On Sun, Mar 25, 2018, 7:17 AM Amel=
ia Andersdotter &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:amelia@article19.org">amelia@article1=
9.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"ma=
rgin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Dear all,<br>
<br>
At the HRPC session Thursday last I heard someone (Brian?) mention<br>
Philip Rogaways essay on ethics and cryptography.<br>
<br>
It is here: <a href=3D"http://web.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway/papers/moral-fn.p=
df" rel=3D"noreferrer noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://web.cs.ucdavis.e=
du/~rogaway/papers/moral-fn.pdf</a> and<br>
is a fantastic read (also laudably concise).<br>
<br>
While I&#39;m at it, I thought I&#39;d bring up an old favourite of mine,<b=
r>
Foucault in Cyberspace by James Boyle:<br>
<a href=3D"https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/faculty_scholarship/619/" rel=
=3D"noreferrer noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://scholarship.law.duke.e=
du/faculty_scholarship/619/</a> [French<br>
philosophy =C3=A1 la 1970s, yeah!]<br>
<br>
It is also short, and from 1997, but is still very relevant for<br>
mechanisms operating in and around web/connectivity service provision<br>
and, almost assuredly, standardisation of such services.<br>
<br>
best regards,<br>
<br>
--<br>
Amelia Andersdotter<br>
Technical Consultant, Digital Programme<br>
<br>
ARTICLE19<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.article19.org" rel=3D"noreferrer noreferrer" target=
=3D"_blank">www.article19.org</a><br>
<br>
PGP: 3D5D B6CA B852 B988 055A 6A6F FEF1 C294 B4E8 0B55<br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
hrpc mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:hrpc@irtf.org" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer">hrpc@=
irtf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc" rel=3D"noreferrer no=
referrer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc</a><=
br>
</blockquote></div>

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Hi Shivan,

Great work! Some minor nits:

7.6.  Censorship Resistance

   While HTTP 451 status code cannot prevent censorship, it can help
   make censorship more transparent and make assessment of Internet
   censorship cases easier by providing information about the block in a
   parseable manner.

Perhaps add some nuance to this part, because it can only do this for a
very particular type of censorship.


7.19.  Outcome Transparency

   The assumption behind the development of the status code 451 is that
   transparency has a chilling effect on censorship and that
   transparency will enable the process of justice by allowing acts of
   censorship to be challenged.  In some countries, blocks orders are
   unevenly implemented by ISPs either because it does not serve their
   bottom-lines or they are resisting censorship - governments in those
   countries could mandate the implementation of status code 451 which
   will make it easier for them to monitor the implementation of their
   block orders.  Surveillance systems in some countries could be
   updated to watch out for the 451 error code on unencrypted traffic
   making it easier to identify those trying to access prohibited
   content.  Before the implementation of this standard there would be
   no uniformity in which websites would implement a block order
   increasing the number of false positives for any automated monitoring
   systems.

Perhaps switch out the words "justice" for due process?

Would love to hear what others on the list think about this draft!

best,

Corinne

On Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 1:42 PM, Shivan Kaul Sahib <
shivankaulsahib@gmail.com> wrote:

> Hi all,
>
> Submitted a new draft for 451 new protocol elements. I included in this
> draft the analysis of HTTP 451 from a human rights perspective as laid out
> in the manyfolks-hrcrfc7725 draft while also addressing previous comments
> made by Stephane and others.
>
> Suggestions/comments very welcome, as always.
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: <internet-drafts@ietf.org>
> Date: Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 12:38 PM
> Subject: New Version Notification for draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-
> elements-00.txt
> To: Shivan Kaul Sahib <shivankaulsahib@gmail.com>
>
>
>
> A new version of I-D, draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00.txt
> has been successfully submitted by Shivan Kaul Sahib and posted to the
> IETF repository.
>
> Name:           draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements
> Revision:       00
> Title:          New protocol elements for HTTP Status Code 451
> Document date:  2018-03-19
> Group:          Individual Submission
> Pages:          8
> URL:            https://www.ietf.org/internet-
> drafts/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00.txt
> Status:         https://datatracker.ietf.org/
> doc/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements/
> Htmlized:       https://tools.ietf.org/html/d
> raft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00
> Htmlized:       https://datatracker.ietf.org/
> doc/html/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements
>
>
> Abstract:
>    This draft recommends protocol updates to Hypertext Transfer Protocol
>    (HTTP) status code 451 (defined by RFC7725) based on an examination
>    of how the new status code is being used by parties involved in
>    denial of Internet resources because of legal demands.  Also included
>    is an analysis of HTTP 451 from a human rights perspective using
>    guidelines from RFC8280.
>
>    Discussion of this draft is at https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/
>    hrpc and https://lists.ghserv.net/mailman/listinfo/statuscode451.
>
>
>
>
> Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of
> submission
> until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.
>
> The IETF Secretariat
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> hrpc mailing list
> hrpc@irtf.org
> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc
>
>


-- 
Corinne Cath
Ph.D. Candidate, Oxford Internet Institute & Alan Turing Institute

Web: www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath
Email: ccath@turing.ac.uk & corinnecath@gmail.com
Twitter: @C_Cath

--f403045cf7d495bd31056850f585
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:verdana,=
sans-serif">Hi Shivan,</div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-fami=
ly:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font=
-family:verdana,sans-serif">Great work! Some minor nits:</div><div class=3D=
"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div cla=
ss=3D"gmail_default"><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sa=
ns-serif">7.6.=C2=A0 Censorship Resistance</font></div><div class=3D"gmail_=
default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div class=3D"=
gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">=C2=A0 =C2=A0While HTTP 4=
51 status code cannot prevent censorship, it can help</font></div><div clas=
s=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">=C2=A0 =C2=A0make ce=
nsorship more transparent and make assessment of Internet</font></div><div =
class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">=C2=A0 =C2=A0cen=
sorship cases easier by providing information about the block in a</font></=
div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0parseable manner.</font></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=
=3D"verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><fon=
t face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">Perhaps add some nuance to this part, becaus=
e it can only do this for a very particular type of censorship.=C2=A0</font=
></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif"><br>=
</font></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif=
"><br></font></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans=
-serif"><div class=3D"gmail_default">7.19.=C2=A0 Outcome Transparency</div>=
<div class=3D"gmail_default"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0The assumption behind the development of the status code 451 is that<=
/div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0transparency has a chilling =
effect on censorship and that</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0transparency will enable the process of justice by allowing acts of</div=
><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0censorship to be challenged.=C2=
=A0 In some countries, blocks orders are</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0unevenly implemented by ISPs either because it does not serve =
their</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0bottom-lines or they a=
re resisting censorship - governments in those</div><div class=3D"gmail_def=
ault">=C2=A0 =C2=A0countries could mandate the implementation of status cod=
e 451 which</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0will make it eas=
ier for them to monitor the implementation of their</div><div class=3D"gmai=
l_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0block orders.=C2=A0 Surveillance systems in some co=
untries could be</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0updated to =
watch out for the 451 error code on unencrypted traffic</div><div class=3D"=
gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0making it easier to identify those trying to ac=
cess prohibited</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0content.=C2=
=A0 Before the implementation of this standard there would be</div><div cla=
ss=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0no uniformity in which websites would imp=
lement a block order</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0increas=
ing the number of false positives for any automated monitoring</div><div cl=
ass=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0systems.</div><div class=3D"gmail_defaul=
t"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default">Perhaps switch out the words &quo=
t;justice&quot; for due process?=C2=A0</div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><b=
r></div><div class=3D"gmail_default">Would love to hear what others on the =
list think about this draft!</div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><br></div><d=
iv class=3D"gmail_default">best,</div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><br></di=
v><div class=3D"gmail_default">Corinne=C2=A0</div></font></div></div></div>=
<div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Mon, Mar 19, 2=
018 at 1:42 PM, Shivan Kaul Sahib <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:s=
hivankaulsahib@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">shivankaulsahib@gmail.com</a>&g=
t;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0=
 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div cl=
ass=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small;co=
lor:rgb(51,51,51)">Hi all,</div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-=
family:georgia,serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><br></div><div cl=
ass=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small;co=
lor:rgb(51,51,51)">Submitted a new draft for 451 new protocol elements. I i=
ncluded in this draft the analysis of HTTP 451 from a human rights perspect=
ive as laid out in the=C2=A0manyfolks-hrcrfc7725 draft while also addressin=
g previous comments made by Stephane and others.=C2=A0</div><div class=3D"g=
mail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(=
51,51,51)"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:geor=
gia,serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Suggestions/comments very we=
lcome, as always.</div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:ge=
orgia,serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><br></div><div class=3D"gm=
ail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(5=
1,51,51)"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message=
 ----------<br>From: <b class=3D"gmail_sendername"></b> <span dir=3D"ltr">&=
lt;<a href=3D"mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">internet-d=
rafts@ietf.org</a>&gt;</span><br>Date: Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 12:38 PM<br>Sub=
ject: New Version Notification for draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-<wbr>elemen=
ts-00.txt<br>To: Shivan Kaul Sahib &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:shivankaulsahib@gm=
ail.com" target=3D"_blank">shivankaulsahib@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br><br><br><br=
>
A new version of I-D, draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-e<wbr>lements-00.txt<br>
has been successfully submitted by Shivan Kaul Sahib and posted to the<br>
IETF repository.<br>
<br>
Name:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-=
<wbr>elements<br>
Revision:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A000<br>
Title:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 New protocol elements for HTTP Sta=
tus Code 451<br>
Document date:=C2=A0 2018-03-19<br>
Group:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Individual Submission<br>
Pages:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 8<br>
URL:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.o=
rg/internet-drafts/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00.txt" rel=3D"nor=
eferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/internet-<wbr>drafts/draft-=
sahib-451-new-pro<wbr>tocol-elements-00.txt</a><br>
Status:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://datatracker.iet=
f.org/doc/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements/" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=
=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/<wbr>doc/draft-sahib-451-new-proto=
c<wbr>ol-elements/</a><br>
Htmlized:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/=
draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_bla=
nk">https://tools.ietf.org/html/d<wbr>raft-sahib-451-new-protocol-el<wbr>em=
ents-00</a><br>
Htmlized:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org=
/doc/html/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=
=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/<wbr>doc/html/draft-sahib-451-new-=
p<wbr>rotocol-elements</a><br>
<br>
<br>
Abstract:<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0This draft recommends protocol updates to Hypertext Transfer P=
rotocol<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0(HTTP) status code 451 (defined by RFC7725) based on an examin=
ation<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0of how the new status code is being used by parties involved i=
n<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0denial of Internet resources because of legal demands.=C2=A0 A=
lso included<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0is an analysis of HTTP 451 from a human rights perspective usi=
ng<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0guidelines from RFC8280.<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0Discussion of this draft is at <a href=3D"https://www.irtf.org=
/mailman/listinfo/" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.irtf.o=
rg/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/</a><br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0hrpc and <a href=3D"https://lists.ghserv.net/mailman/listinfo/=
statuscode451" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://lists.ghserv.ne=
t/mailm<wbr>an/listinfo/statuscode451</a>.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submissio=
n<br>
until the htmlized version and diff are available at <a href=3D"http://tool=
s.ietf.org" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">tools.ietf.org</a>.<br>
<br>
The IETF Secretariat<br>
<br>
</div><br></div>
<br>______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
hrpc mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:hrpc@irtf.org">hrpc@irtf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc" rel=3D"noreferrer" t=
arget=3D"_blank">https://www.irtf.org/mailman/<wbr>listinfo/hrpc</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div cla=
ss=3D"gmail_signature" data-smartmail=3D"gmail_signature"><div dir=3D"ltr">=
<div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div=
 dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><span style=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-=
serif">Corinne Cath <br>Ph.D. Candidate, Oxford Internet Institute &amp; Al=
an Turing Institute <br><br><span style=3D"color:rgb(68,68,68)">Web: <a hre=
f=3D"http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath" target=3D"_blank">www.oii=
.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath</a> <br>Email: <a href=3D"mailto:ccath@turing=
.ac.uk" target=3D"_blank">ccath@turing.ac.uk</a> &amp; <a href=3D"mailto:co=
rinnecath@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">corinnecath@gmail.com</a><br>Twitter=
: @C_Cath</span><br></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>=
</div></div></div></div>
</div>

--f403045cf7d495bd31056850f585--


From nobody Mon Mar 26 08:19:51 2018
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From: Amelia Andersdotter <amelia@article19.org>
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Subject: Re: [hrpc] Rogaway and Boyle [previous research]
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On 2018-03-26 04:41, Shivan wrote:
> Thanks Amelia for the links.=C2=A0
>
> I thought it was interesting how much emphasis Rogaway places on the
> lack of enthusiasm for the problem of secure messaging within the
> academic crypto community, in context of work being done within the
> IETF (an engineering org) on encrypted group messaging.
>

Rogaways paper is about three years old by now, so things are probably
changing. I perceived Rogaway to be a part of that change.

Many unresolved privacy issues in technology today were already
identified by the 1980s (cf. David Chaum). One could perhaps argue the
same is not true for pervasive monitoring, where technical solutions to
conceived problems has instead formed a relatively short cycle (although
I'm not sure it would stand up to scrutiny: ML, for instance, strikes me
as also having been at least basically developed by the 1980s, but
constrained by hardware capacity).

best regards,

Amelia

> On Sun, Mar 25, 2018, 7:17 AM Amelia Andersdotter
> <amelia@article19.org <mailto:amelia@article19.org>> wrote:
>
>     Dear all,
>
>     At the HRPC session Thursday last I heard someone (Brian?) mention
>     Philip Rogaways essay on ethics and cryptography.
>
>     It is here: http://web.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway/papers/moral-fn.pdf
>     <http://web.cs.ucdavis.edu/%7Erogaway/papers/moral-fn.pdf> and
>     is a fantastic read (also laudably concise).
>
>     While I'm at it, I thought I'd bring up an old favourite of mine,
>     Foucault in Cyberspace by James Boyle:
>     https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/faculty_scholarship/619/ [French
>     philosophy =C3=A1 la 1970s, yeah!]
>
>     It is also short, and from 1997, but is still very relevant for
>     mechanisms operating in and around web/connectivity service provisi=
on
>     and, almost assuredly, standardisation of such services.
>
>     best regards,
>
>     --
>     Amelia Andersdotter
>     Technical Consultant, Digital Programme
>
>     ARTICLE19
>     www.article19.org <http://www.article19.org>
>
>     PGP: 3D5D B6CA B852 B988 055A 6A6F FEF1 C294 B4E8 0B55
>
>     _______________________________________________
>     hrpc mailing list
>     hrpc@irtf.org <mailto:hrpc@irtf.org>
>     https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc
>

--=20
Amelia Andersdotter
Technical Consultant, Digital Programme

ARTICLE19
www.article19.org

PGP: 3D5D B6CA B852 B988 055A 6A6F FEF1 C294 B4E8 0B55


From nobody Mon Mar 26 14:22:32 2018
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Thanks Corinne! Definitely agree with the language nit for section 7.19
(Outcome Transparency). I can add some more details for section 7.6

On Mon, Mar 26, 2018 at 9:42 AM, Corinne Cath <corinnecath@gmail.com> wrote:

> Hi Shivan,
>
> Great work! Some minor nits:
>
> 7.6.  Censorship Resistance
>
>    While HTTP 451 status code cannot prevent censorship, it can help
>    make censorship more transparent and make assessment of Internet
>    censorship cases easier by providing information about the block in a
>    parseable manner.
>
> Perhaps add some nuance to this part, because it can only do this for a
> very particular type of censorship.
>
>
> 7.19.  Outcome Transparency
>
>    The assumption behind the development of the status code 451 is that
>    transparency has a chilling effect on censorship and that
>    transparency will enable the process of justice by allowing acts of
>    censorship to be challenged.  In some countries, blocks orders are
>    unevenly implemented by ISPs either because it does not serve their
>    bottom-lines or they are resisting censorship - governments in those
>    countries could mandate the implementation of status code 451 which
>    will make it easier for them to monitor the implementation of their
>    block orders.  Surveillance systems in some countries could be
>    updated to watch out for the 451 error code on unencrypted traffic
>    making it easier to identify those trying to access prohibited
>    content.  Before the implementation of this standard there would be
>    no uniformity in which websites would implement a block order
>    increasing the number of false positives for any automated monitoring
>    systems.
>
> Perhaps switch out the words "justice" for due process?
>
> Would love to hear what others on the list think about this draft!
>
> best,
>
> Corinne
>
> On Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 1:42 PM, Shivan Kaul Sahib <
> shivankaulsahib@gmail.com> wrote:
>
>> Hi all,
>>
>> Submitted a new draft for 451 new protocol elements. I included in this
>> draft the analysis of HTTP 451 from a human rights perspective as laid out
>> in the manyfolks-hrcrfc7725 draft while also addressing previous comments
>> made by Stephane and others.
>>
>> Suggestions/comments very welcome, as always.
>>
>>
>> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
>> From: <internet-drafts@ietf.org>
>> Date: Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 12:38 PM
>> Subject: New Version Notification for draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-e
>> lements-00.txt
>> To: Shivan Kaul Sahib <shivankaulsahib@gmail.com>
>>
>>
>>
>> A new version of I-D, draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00.txt
>> has been successfully submitted by Shivan Kaul Sahib and posted to the
>> IETF repository.
>>
>> Name:           draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements
>> Revision:       00
>> Title:          New protocol elements for HTTP Status Code 451
>> Document date:  2018-03-19
>> Group:          Individual Submission
>> Pages:          8
>> URL:            https://www.ietf.org/internet-
>> drafts/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00.txt
>> Status:         https://datatracker.ietf.org/
>> doc/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements/
>> Htmlized:       https://tools.ietf.org/html/d
>> raft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00
>> Htmlized:       https://datatracker.ietf.org/
>> doc/html/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements
>>
>>
>> Abstract:
>>    This draft recommends protocol updates to Hypertext Transfer Protocol
>>    (HTTP) status code 451 (defined by RFC7725) based on an examination
>>    of how the new status code is being used by parties involved in
>>    denial of Internet resources because of legal demands.  Also included
>>    is an analysis of HTTP 451 from a human rights perspective using
>>    guidelines from RFC8280.
>>
>>    Discussion of this draft is at https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/
>>    hrpc and https://lists.ghserv.net/mailman/listinfo/statuscode451.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of
>> submission
>> until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.
>>
>> The IETF Secretariat
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> hrpc mailing list
>> hrpc@irtf.org
>> https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc
>>
>>
>
>
> --
> Corinne Cath
> Ph.D. Candidate, Oxford Internet Institute & Alan Turing Institute
>
> Web: www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath
> Email: ccath@turing.ac.uk & corinnecath@gmail.com
> Twitter: @C_Cath
>

--0000000000009eea380568575eaf
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,=
serif;font-size:small;color:#333333">Thanks Corinne! Definitely agree with =
the language nit for section 7.19 (Outcome Transparency). I can add some mo=
re details for section 7.6</div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div c=
lass=3D"gmail_quote">On Mon, Mar 26, 2018 at 9:42 AM, Corinne Cath <span di=
r=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:corinnecath@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">co=
rinnecath@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quo=
te" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"=
><div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:verdana=
,sans-serif">Hi Shivan,</div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-fam=
ily:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"fon=
t-family:verdana,sans-serif">Great work! Some minor nits:</div><div class=
=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-serif"><br></div><div =
class=3D"gmail_default"><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana,=
 sans-serif">7.6.=C2=A0 Censorship Resistance</font></div><div class=3D"gma=
il_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div class=
=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">=C2=A0 =C2=A0While HT=
TP 451 status code cannot prevent censorship, it can help</font></div><div =
class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">=C2=A0 =C2=A0mak=
e censorship more transparent and make assessment of Internet</font></div><=
div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0censorship cases easier by providing information about the block in a</f=
ont></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0parseable manner.</font></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><fo=
nt face=3D"verdana, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div class=3D"gmail_defaul=
t"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-serif">Perhaps add some nuance to this part,=
 because it can only do this for a very particular type of censorship.=C2=
=A0</font></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, sans-se=
rif"><br></font></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verdana, s=
ans-serif"><br></font></div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><font face=3D"verd=
ana, sans-serif"><div class=3D"gmail_default">7.19.=C2=A0 Outcome Transpare=
ncy</div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default=
">=C2=A0 =C2=A0The assumption behind the development of the status code 451=
 is that</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0transparency has a =
chilling effect on censorship and that</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0transparency will enable the process of justice by allowing ac=
ts of</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0censorship to be chall=
enged.=C2=A0 In some countries, blocks orders are</div><div class=3D"gmail_=
default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0unevenly implemented by ISPs either because it does n=
ot serve their</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0bottom-lines =
or they are resisting censorship - governments in those</div><div class=3D"=
gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0countries could mandate the implementation of s=
tatus code 451 which</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0will ma=
ke it easier for them to monitor the implementation of their</div><div clas=
s=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0block orders.=C2=A0 Surveillance systems i=
n some countries could be</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0up=
dated to watch out for the 451 error code on unencrypted traffic</div><div =
class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0making it easier to identify those try=
ing to access prohibited</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0con=
tent.=C2=A0 Before the implementation of this standard there would be</div>=
<div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0no uniformity in which websites w=
ould implement a block order</div><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0increasing the number of false positives for any automated monitoring</d=
iv><div class=3D"gmail_default">=C2=A0 =C2=A0systems.</div><div class=3D"gm=
ail_default"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default">Perhaps switch out the =
words &quot;justice&quot; for due process?=C2=A0</div><div class=3D"gmail_d=
efault"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default">Would love to hear what othe=
rs on the list think about this draft!</div><div class=3D"gmail_default"><b=
r></div><div class=3D"gmail_default">best,</div><div class=3D"gmail_default=
"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default">Corinne=C2=A0</div></font></div></=
div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div><d=
iv class=3D"h5">On Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 1:42 PM, Shivan Kaul Sahib <span di=
r=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:shivankaulsahib@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank=
">shivankaulsahib@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br></div></div><blockquot=
e class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc sol=
id;padding-left:1ex"><div><div class=3D"h5"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"=
gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small;color:rgb=
(51,51,51)">Hi all,</div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:=
georgia,serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><br></div><div class=3D"=
gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small;color:rgb=
(51,51,51)">Submitted a new draft for 451 new protocol elements. I included=
 in this draft the analysis of HTTP 451 from a human rights perspective as =
laid out in the=C2=A0manyfolks-hrcrfc7725 draft while also addressing previ=
ous comments made by Stephane and others.=C2=A0</div><div class=3D"gmail_de=
fault" style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,5=
1)"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,ser=
if;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)">Suggestions/comments very welcome, =
as always.</div><div class=3D"gmail_default" style=3D"font-family:georgia,s=
erif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51)"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_def=
ault" style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small;color:rgb(51,51,51=
)"><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ------=
----<br>From: <b class=3D"gmail_sendername"></b> <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a h=
ref=3D"mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">internet-drafts@i=
etf.org</a>&gt;</span><br>Date: Mon, Mar 19, 2018 at 12:38 PM<br>Subject: N=
ew Version Notification for draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-e<wbr>lements-00.t=
xt<br>To: Shivan Kaul Sahib &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:shivankaulsahib@gmail.com=
" target=3D"_blank">shivankaulsahib@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br><br><br><br>
A new version of I-D, draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-e<wbr>lements-00.txt<br>
has been successfully submitted by Shivan Kaul Sahib and posted to the<br>
IETF repository.<br>
<br>
Name:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-=
<wbr>elements<br>
Revision:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A000<br>
Title:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 New protocol elements for HTTP Sta=
tus Code 451<br>
Document date:=C2=A0 2018-03-19<br>
Group:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 Individual Submission<br>
Pages:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 8<br>
URL:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.o=
rg/internet-drafts/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00.txt" rel=3D"nor=
eferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/internet-<wbr>drafts/draft-=
sahib-451-new-pro<wbr>tocol-elements-00.txt</a><br>
Status:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://datatracker.iet=
f.org/doc/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements/" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=
=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/<wbr>doc/draft-sahib-451-new-proto=
c<wbr>ol-elements/</a><br>
Htmlized:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/=
draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements-00" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_bla=
nk">https://tools.ietf.org/html/d<wbr>raft-sahib-451-new-protocol-el<wbr>em=
ents-00</a><br>
Htmlized:=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0<a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org=
/doc/html/draft-sahib-451-new-protocol-elements" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=
=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/<wbr>doc/html/draft-sahib-451-new-=
p<wbr>rotocol-elements</a><br>
<br>
<br>
Abstract:<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0This draft recommends protocol updates to Hypertext Transfer P=
rotocol<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0(HTTP) status code 451 (defined by RFC7725) based on an examin=
ation<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0of how the new status code is being used by parties involved i=
n<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0denial of Internet resources because of legal demands.=C2=A0 A=
lso included<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0is an analysis of HTTP 451 from a human rights perspective usi=
ng<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0guidelines from RFC8280.<br>
<br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0Discussion of this draft is at <a href=3D"https://www.irtf.org=
/mailman/listinfo/" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://www.irtf.o=
rg/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/</a><br>
=C2=A0 =C2=A0hrpc and <a href=3D"https://lists.ghserv.net/mailman/listinfo/=
statuscode451" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://lists.ghserv.ne=
t/mailm<wbr>an/listinfo/statuscode451</a>.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submissio=
n<br>
until the htmlized version and diff are available at <a href=3D"http://tool=
s.ietf.org" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">tools.ietf.org</a>.<br>
<br>
The IETF Secretariat<br>
<br>
</div><br></div>
<br></div></div>______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
hrpc mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:hrpc@irtf.org" target=3D"_blank">hrpc@irtf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/hrpc" rel=3D"noreferrer" t=
arget=3D"_blank">https://www.irtf.org/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/hrpc</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><span class=3D"HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"><br><=
br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class=3D"m_-2741410165252506335=
gmail_signature" data-smartmail=3D"gmail_signature"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><=
div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=
=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><span style=3D"font-family:verdana,sans-seri=
f">Corinne Cath <br>Ph.D. Candidate, Oxford Internet Institute &amp; Alan T=
uring Institute <br><br><span style=3D"color:rgb(68,68,68)">Web: <a href=3D=
"http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/people/corinne-cath" target=3D"_blank">www.oii.ox.=
ac.uk/people/<wbr>corinne-cath</a> <br>Email: <a href=3D"mailto:ccath@turin=
g.ac.uk" target=3D"_blank">ccath@turing.ac.uk</a> &amp; <a href=3D"mailto:c=
orinnecath@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">corinnecath@gmail.com</a><br>Twitte=
r: @C_Cath</span><br></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div=
></div></div></div></div>
</font></span></div>
</blockquote></div><br></div>

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From: Nick Doty <npdoty@ischool.berkeley.edu>
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Subject: [hrpc] draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity-00 comments
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Comments on https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity-00 =
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity-00>

I hope these comments will be helpful. As I mentioned during the brief =
discussion in London, I'm not entirely clear on scoping this document to =
anonymity, when other concepts (pseudonymity, unlinkability, etc.) might =
often be more useful. Re-reading this again, I'm also concerned that I'm =
not clear on the purpose of this document and how it differs from or =
provides more useful guidance than existing RFC 6973.

Thanks,
Nick


Starting from the beginning:

> Anonymity is less discussed in the IETF than for instance security =
[RFC3552] or privacy [RFC6973].

This sentence was very confusing to me as a reader and potential =
reviewer. To say that anonymity is discussed less than security and =
privacy seems to suggest that anonymity is a concept separate from and =
similar in scope to security and privacy, so that they can be compared =
in this way. In fact (as the document will go on to note), anonymity, =
pseudonymity and linkability are important concepts within security and =
privacy and guidance around them is included as part of guidance for =
security and privacy considerations of Internet protocols. This seems =
like a misleading way to start this document.

Is the intent that this be a research document based on empirical data =
of how much particular properties or values topics are discussed within =
the IETF? That might be of interest to some of us working on =
quantitative analysis of RFCs and mailing list archives and perhaps we =
could provide data on "anonymity" as compared to other privacy and =
security properties. On the other hand, maybe the authors are just =
trying to report a general sense that anonymity and related topics are =
less common in protocol design discussions. I'm not sure if that's =
correct (linkability of identifiers is one of the main privacy topics I =
heard at the IETF sessions I attended last week), or what conclusions we =
should draw from that general sense.

> This can be attributed to the fact anonymity is a hard technical =
problem or that anonymizing user data is not of specific market =
interest. It remains a fact that 'most internet users would like to be =
anonymous online at least occasionally' [Pew].

>  This document aims to break down the different meanings and =
implications of anonymity on a mediated computer network.

Is this the current goal of the document? It seems like most of the =
document discusses cases where users may want anonymity or unlinkability =
of communications and guidance for protocol designers and implementers.

Section 1:

>    Nonetheless anonymity is not getting much discussion at the IETF,
>    providing anonymity does not seem a (semi-)objective for many
>    protocols, even though several documents contribute to improving
>    anonymity such as [RFC7258], [RFC7626], [RFC7858].

The grammar makes this difficult to parse. Is the claim that providing =
anonymity does not seem to be an objective for many (most?) Internet =
protocols? What is a semi-objective?

What is the purpose of the list of RFCs 7258, 7626 and 7858? Are these =
examples of protocols that do consider anonymity as one objective, =
despite the rarity of such protocols? (7626 and 7858 seem to fall in =
this category, although I'm sure we could find a much longer list.) Or =
are we listing documents that attempt to improve the consideration of =
anonymity in designing Internet protocols? (7258 would fall in that =
category, although presumably RFC 6973 would be even more directly =
relevant.)

>    There are initiatives on the Internet to improve end users =
anonymity, most notably [torproject], but these initiatives rely on =
adding
>    encryption in the application layer.

It might make more sense to say "There are initiatives to improve end =
users' anonymity on the Internet" rather than locating the initiatives =
as on the Internet.

Is there a reason that the second clause is introduced with "but"? Is =
there something bad about using encryption as a mechanism for promoting =
anonymity? Also, encryption doesn't seem to be the main way that Tor =
provides anonymity; the selection of multiple, random hops and the =
indirection of using an exit server as a proxy may have more to do with =
anonymity than the use of encryption. Or are we trying to introduce the =
idea that anonymity needs to be considered at lower layers than the =
application?

Finally, is it accurate to call this application layer? Tor sets up TCP =
streams through onion routing, and applications can work on top of it =
using those streams as a transport. Tor Browser seems like more directly =
an example of application layer. (Maybe the specific details of what =
counts as what layer isn't especially useful here -- I can see at least =
some documentation that describes onion routing as application layer and =
I recognize that there won't necessarily always be sharp distinctions =
between layers.)

Section 3:

I was surprised to read this section on PII. RFC 6973 and other privacy =
guidance hasn't defined PII or cited particular legal documents =
regarding personally identifiable information. Is the argument here that =
legal liability in particular jurisdictions will come into account when =
PII is present and so anonymity is a desirable property for system =
operators because it avoids the presence of PII? RFC 6973 does define =
"personal data" in fairly high-level terms, would that be applicable =
here instead?

> Anonymity will always be a balancing act between user protection
>    (which requires a high level of anonymity) and other requirments =
for
>    operations and research, such as routing information.

I don't think anonymity itself is a balancing act. Rather, we anticipate =
that the level of support for anonymity will depend on balancing user =
privacy and other operational requirements.

> nor has it [anonymity]
>    been a strong consideration in protocol development in the
>    development of the Internet.

I'm not sure this statement is correct. Do we want this research group =
document to try to show empirically that anonymity hasn't been a strong =
consideration in protocol development? Or if that conclusion is obvious =
or well-documented, could we cite some evidence?

Section 4:

I like this selection of use cases and I imagine we could expand it. In =
many of these cases, it seems like maybe we aren't referring =
specifically to anonymity within a particular anonymity set, but rather =
pseudoynmity, unlinkability, identity confidentiality and correlation.

Section 5:

I'm not entirely clear on how the advice in this section differs or is =
intended to differ from the guidance in RFC 6973, which contains =
particular mitigations (6. Data Minimization contains sections on =
anonymity, pseudonymity and identity confidentiality) and questionnaire =
sections on identifiers and their persistence.

Guidance for implementers does seem like a difference from RFC 6973. Do =
we expect implementers to read this document? If so, I could see =
elaborating on this section and testing it with some implementers as a =
useful way forward.

Section 9:

I believe the wrong email address for this group is included here. In =
fact, that seems to be the case for every current HRPC draft? I think we =
want to direct people to send comments to hrpc@irtf.org =
<mailto:hrpc@irtf.org>, not @ietf.org.


--Apple-Mail=_39E0B112-780A-477C-8739-35CF1EE78D11
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<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=3D""><div =
class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;">Comments on&nbsp;<a =
href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity-00" =
class=3D"">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-irtf-hrpc-anonymity-00</a></d=
iv><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br =
class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;">I =
hope these comments will be helpful. As I mentioned during the brief =
discussion in London, I'm not entirely clear on scoping this document to =
anonymity, when other concepts (pseudonymity, unlinkability, etc.) might =
often be more useful. Re-reading this again, I'm also concerned that I'm =
not clear on the purpose of this document and how it differs from or =
provides more useful guidance than existing RFC 6973.</div><div class=3D""=
 style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D""=
 style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;">Thanks,</div><div class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;">Nick</div><div class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;">Starting from the =
beginning:</div><br class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;"><blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;">Anonymity is less discussed in the IETF than for instance =
security [RFC3552] or privacy [RFC6973].&nbsp;&nbsp;</blockquote><div =
class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><span=
 style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;" class=3D"">This sentence was very =
confusing to me as a reader and potential reviewer. To say that =
anonymity is discussed less than security and privacy seems to suggest =
that anonymity is a concept separate from and similar in scope to =
security and privacy, so that they can be compared in this way. In fact =
(as the document will go on to note), anonymity, pseudonymity and =
linkability are important concepts within security and privacy and =
guidance around them is included as part of guidance for security and =
privacy considerations of Internet protocols. This seems like a =
misleading way to start this document.</span><div class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;">Is the intent that this be a =
research document based on empirical data of how much particular =
properties or values topics are discussed within the IETF? That might be =
of interest to some of us working on quantitative analysis of RFCs and =
mailing list archives and perhaps we could provide data on "anonymity" =
as compared to other privacy and security properties. On the other hand, =
maybe the authors are just trying to report a general sense that =
anonymity and related topics are less common in protocol design =
discussions. I'm not sure if that's correct (linkability of identifiers =
is one of the main privacy topics I heard at the IETF sessions I =
attended last week), or what conclusions we should draw from that =
general sense.<br class=3D""><div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div =
class=3D""><blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D"">This can be attributed =
to the fact anonymity is a hard technical problem or that anonymizing =
user data is not of specific market interest. It remains a fact that =
'most internet users would like to be anonymous online at least =
occasionally' [Pew].&nbsp;</blockquote><div class=3D""><br =
class=3D""></div><div class=3D""><blockquote type=3D"cite" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;This document aims to break down the different meanings =
and implications of anonymity on a mediated computer =
network.</blockquote><div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div>Is this the =
current goal of the document? It seems like most of the document =
discusses cases where users may want anonymity or unlinkability of =
communications and guidance for protocol designers and =
implementers.</div><div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div =
class=3D"">Section 1:</div><div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div><div =
class=3D""><div class=3D""></div><blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D""><div=
 class=3D"">&nbsp; &nbsp;Nonetheless anonymity is not getting much =
discussion at the IETF,</div><div class=3D"">&nbsp; &nbsp;providing =
anonymity does not seem a (semi-)objective for many</div><div =
class=3D"">&nbsp; &nbsp;protocols, even though several documents =
contribute to improving</div><div class=3D"">&nbsp; &nbsp;anonymity such =
as [RFC7258], [RFC7626], [RFC7858].</div></blockquote><div class=3D""><br =
class=3D""></div></div></div></div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;">The grammar makes this difficult to parse. Is the claim =
that providing anonymity does not seem to be an objective for many =
(most?) Internet protocols? What is a semi-objective?</div><div class=3D""=
 style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D""=
 style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;">What is the purpose of the list of =
RFCs 7258, 7626 and 7858? Are these examples of protocols that do =
consider anonymity as one objective, despite the rarity of such =
protocols? (7626 and 7858 seem to fall in this category, although I'm =
sure we could find a much longer list.) Or are we listing documents that =
attempt to improve the consideration of anonymity in designing Internet =
protocols? (7258 would fall in that category, although presumably RFC =
6973 would be even more directly relevant.)</div><div class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><div =
class=3D""></div></div><blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><div class=3D"">&nbsp; &nbsp;There =
are initiatives on the Internet to improve end users anonymity, most =
notably [torproject], but these initiatives rely on adding</div><div =
class=3D"">&nbsp; &nbsp;encryption in the application =
layer.</div></blockquote><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;">It might make more sense to say "There are initiatives to =
improve end users' anonymity on the Internet" rather than locating the =
initiatives as on the Internet.</div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family:=
 LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family:=
 LucidaGrande;">Is there a reason that the second clause is introduced =
with "but"? Is there something bad about using encryption as a mechanism =
for promoting anonymity? Also, encryption doesn't seem to be the main =
way that Tor provides anonymity; the selection of multiple, random hops =
and the indirection of using an exit server as a proxy may have more to =
do with anonymity than the use of encryption. Or are we trying to =
introduce the idea that anonymity needs to be considered at lower layers =
than the application?</div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;">Finally, is it accurate to call this application layer? =
Tor sets up TCP streams through onion routing, and applications can work =
on top of it using those streams as a transport. Tor Browser seems like =
more directly an example of application layer. (Maybe the specific =
details of what counts as what layer isn't especially useful here -- I =
can see at least some documentation that describes onion routing as =
application layer and I recognize that there won't necessarily always be =
sharp distinctions between layers.)</div><div class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;">Section 3:</div><div class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;">I was surprised to read this =
section on PII. RFC 6973 and other privacy guidance hasn't defined PII =
or cited particular legal documents regarding personally identifiable =
information. Is the argument here that legal liability in particular =
jurisdictions will come into account when PII is present and so =
anonymity is a desirable property for system operators because it avoids =
the presence of PII? RFC 6973 does define "personal data" in fairly =
high-level terms, would that be applicable here instead?</div><div =
class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div =
class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><div =
class=3D""></div></div><blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D"" =
style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><div class=3D""><div =
class=3D"">Anonymity will always be a balancing act between user =
protection</div><div class=3D"">&nbsp; &nbsp;(which requires a high =
level of anonymity) and other requirments for</div><div class=3D"">&nbsp; =
&nbsp;operations and research, such as routing =
information.</div></div></blockquote><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family:=
 LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family:=
 LucidaGrande;">I don't think anonymity itself is a balancing act. =
Rather, we anticipate that the level of support for anonymity will =
depend on balancing user privacy and other operational =
requirements.</div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;"><div class=3D""></div></div><blockquote type=3D"cite" =
class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><div class=3D""><div =
class=3D"">nor has it [anonymity]</div><div class=3D"">&nbsp; &nbsp;been =
a strong consideration in protocol development in the</div><div =
class=3D"">&nbsp; &nbsp;development of the =
Internet.</div></div></blockquote><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;">I'm not sure this statement is correct. Do we want this =
research group document to try to show empirically that anonymity hasn't =
been a strong consideration in protocol development? Or if that =
conclusion is obvious or well-documented, could we cite some =
evidence?</div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br =
class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;">Section 4:</div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;">I like this selection of use cases and I imagine we could =
expand it. In many of these cases, it seems like maybe we aren't =
referring specifically to anonymity within a particular anonymity set, =
but rather pseudoynmity, unlinkability, identity confidentiality and =
correlation.</div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;">Section 5:</div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;">I'm not entirely clear on how the advice in this section =
differs or is intended to differ from the guidance in RFC 6973, which =
contains particular mitigations (6. Data Minimization contains sections =
on anonymity, pseudonymity and identity confidentiality) and =
questionnaire sections on identifiers and their persistence.</div><div =
class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div =
class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;">Guidance for =
implementers does seem like a difference from RFC 6973. Do we expect =
implementers to read this document? If so, I could see elaborating on =
this section and testing it with some implementers as a useful way =
forward.</div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: LucidaGrande;"><br =
class=3D""></div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;">Section 9:</div><div class=3D"" style=3D"font-family: =
LucidaGrande;"><br class=3D""></div><div class=3D""><font =
face=3D"LucidaGrande" class=3D"">I believe the wrong email address for =
this group is included here. In fact, that seems to be the case for =
every current HRPC draft? I think we want to direct people to send =
comments to <a href=3D"mailto:hrpc@irtf.org" class=3D"">hrpc@irtf.org</a>,=
 not @ietf.org.</font></div><div class=3D""><br =
class=3D""></div></body></html>=

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Date: Wed, 28 Mar 2018 13:05:55 +0000
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Subject: [hrpc] Comments on draft-political
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Hi all, some comments on
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-tenoever-hrpc-political-04


Abstract
The draft argues that standards have political impact. While an examination
of other opinions on this point is useful (section 3), it does not per se
bolster the original argument. The abstract seems to suggest that mapping
out differing perspectives is *helpful* in and of itself for making the
case that standards are political ("we come to this conclusion by
mapping..."). If a goal of this document is to do this perspective
delineation then it should be clearly stated.

Introduction
The line with the multiple references doesn't read too well - there seem to
be some missing *and* some surplus commas.
The stating of draft goals is done better in the last sentence of the
introduction.

Vocabulary
Which definition of politics are we using? If we go with "exercising
governance over people" then section 6 makes no sense, for example. It is
critical that we define what it means for something to be political and
then refine that to further define what it means for a *protocol* to be
political. Without this the draft is severely impaired. Maybe this explicit
elucidation could happen else where in the draft (because it's such a
crucial point) and not in the terminology section but then this section
should at least refer to that.

Maybe it would also be helpful to define "standards" (IETF RFCs? Drafts?
Both? Standards in general?)

Literature and Positions
The first line doesn't read too well ("different positions can be
differentiated"). Also not sure what is meant by "external consistency".
Consistency between positions? But that is examined, right? ("This is
different from the claim that..."). I feel like a critical and comparative
analysis of the positions in this section could greatly enhance both the
document's argument and its usefulness as a whole.

Given that this section is examining literature, sections 3.2 and 3.3
should have more references.

All protocols are political some of the times - 3.3
This section seems to be arguing that because the Internet is chaotic and
complicated, protocols will have unintended consequences. But I'm not sure
this necessarily implies that all protocols are *political*. If anything I
think this reasoning is an argument for the next section.

3.4
"Incremental deployablity" -> "incrementally deployable"?

"Much *the* same way"

"Constraints"

"Not to leak" -> "to not leak"

Section 5
Not sure why we're talking about standards. I don't think we need to
discuss the process of standardization itself too much in order to make the
points we're trying to make - a short intro would suffice. Not sure how the
section heading is appropriate.
Also if another goal of this draft is to examine standardization to the
extent we're currently doing then we should again explicitly mention that
in the abstract and introduction.

Section 6
"Clean slate protocols are less likely to be political than protocols that
have to deal with legacy stuff" is what I take out of this. It's an
interesting point but without an explanation for what makes a protocol
political this point is not clear. Also shouldn't the Roman engineers
anecdote have a reference.

Section 7
Layers? As in networking stack layers? Huh?

Section 8
Not sure how this section builds up any argument. Maybe it should be in the
section for standards, as a sub point instead of a whole section by itself.

Section 9
This is an important section but it could do with a better heading.
Basically this is talking about why standardization process should care
about politics.

Section 10
"Instead of splitting hairs" but I thought the whole point was to do that
in order to drive forth the argument that protocols are political and hence
the process of standardization of protocols should consider that.

On the whole, I think this is an important document that could benefit from
further refinement; it would do well as a research group document once it's
cleaned up. The goals of the document are coincident with the goals of our
research group.

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<div dir=3D"auto">Hi all, some comments on=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://tools.ie=
tf.org/html/draft-tenoever-hrpc-political-04">https://tools.ietf.org/html/d=
raft-tenoever-hrpc-political-04</a><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"=
auto"><br><div dir=3D"auto"><div dir=3D"auto">Abstract</div><div dir=3D"aut=
o">The draft argues that standards have political impact. While an examinat=
ion of other opinions on this point is useful (section 3), it does not per =
se bolster the original argument. The abstract seems to suggest that mappin=
g out differing perspectives is *helpful* in and of itself for making the c=
ase that standards are political (&quot;we come to this conclusion by mappi=
ng...&quot;). If a goal of this document is to do this perspective delineat=
ion then it should be clearly stated.</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div=
 dir=3D"auto">Introduction</div><div dir=3D"auto">The line with the multipl=
e references doesn&#39;t read too well - there seem to be some missing *and=
* some surplus commas.</div><div dir=3D"auto">The stating of draft goals is=
 done better in the last sentence of the introduction.</div><div dir=3D"aut=
o"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">Vocabulary</div><div dir=3D"auto">Which defi=
nition of politics are we using? If we go with &quot;exercising governance =
over people&quot; then section 6 makes no sense, for example. It is critica=
l that we define what it means for something to be political and then refin=
e that to further define what it means for a *protocol* to be political. Wi=
thout this the draft is severely impaired. Maybe this explicit elucidation =
could happen else where in the draft (because it&#39;s such a crucial point=
) and not in the terminology section but then this section should at least =
refer to that.</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">Maybe it =
would also be helpful to define &quot;standards&quot; (IETF RFCs? Drafts? B=
oth? Standards in general?)</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"au=
to">Literature and Positions</div><div dir=3D"auto">The first line doesn&#3=
9;t read too well (&quot;different positions can be differentiated&quot;). =
Also not sure what is meant by &quot;external consistency&quot;. Consistenc=
y between positions? But that is examined, right? (&quot;This is different =
from the claim that...&quot;). I feel like a critical and comparative analy=
sis of the positions in this section could greatly enhance both the documen=
t&#39;s argument and its usefulness as a whole.</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br>=
</div><div dir=3D"auto">Given that this section is examining literature, se=
ctions 3.2 and 3.3 should have more references.</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br>=
</div><div dir=3D"auto">All protocols are political some of the times - 3.3=
</div><div dir=3D"auto">This section seems to be arguing that because the I=
nternet is chaotic and complicated, protocols will have unintended conseque=
nces. But I&#39;m not sure this necessarily implies that all protocols are =
*political*. If anything I think this reasoning is an argument for the next=
 section.</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">3.4</div><div =
dir=3D"auto">&quot;Incremental deployablity&quot; -&gt; &quot;incrementally=
 deployable&quot;?</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">&quot=
;Much *the* same way&quot;</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"aut=
o">&quot;Constraints&quot;</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"aut=
o">&quot;Not to leak&quot; -&gt; &quot;to not leak&quot;</div><div dir=3D"a=
uto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">Section 5</div><div dir=3D"auto">Not sure =
why we&#39;re talking about standards. I don&#39;t think we need to discuss=
 the process of standardization itself too much in order to make the points=
 we&#39;re trying to make - a short intro would suffice. Not sure how the s=
ection heading is appropriate.</div><div dir=3D"auto">Also if another goal =
of this draft is to examine standardization to the extent we&#39;re current=
ly doing then we should again explicitly mention that in the abstract and i=
ntroduction.</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">Section 6</=
div><div dir=3D"auto">&quot;Clean slate protocols are less likely to be pol=
itical than protocols that have to deal with legacy stuff&quot; is what I t=
ake out of this. It&#39;s an interesting point but without an explanation f=
or what makes a protocol political this point is not clear. Also shouldn&#3=
9;t the Roman engineers anecdote have a reference.</div><div dir=3D"auto"><=
br></div><div dir=3D"auto">Section 7</div><div dir=3D"auto">Layers? As in n=
etworking stack layers? Huh?</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"a=
uto">Section 8</div><div dir=3D"auto">Not sure how this section builds up a=
ny argument. Maybe it should be in the section for standards, as a sub poin=
t instead of a whole section by itself.</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><d=
iv dir=3D"auto">Section 9</div><div dir=3D"auto">This is an important secti=
on but it could do with a better heading. Basically this is talking about w=
hy standardization process should care about politics.</div><div dir=3D"aut=
o"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">Section 10</div><div dir=3D"auto">&quot;Inst=
ead of splitting hairs&quot; but I thought the whole point was to do that i=
n order to drive forth the argument that protocols are political and hence =
the process of standardization of protocols should consider that.</div><div=
 dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto">On the whole, I think this is an =
important document that could benefit from further refinement; it would do =
well as a research group document once it&#39;s cleaned up. The goals of th=
e document are coincident with the goals of our research group.</div><div d=
ir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></d=
iv></div></div></div>

--0000000000008b349d056878abb1--


From nobody Wed Mar 28 09:22:07 2018
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From: Luca Belli <luca.belli@fgv.br>
To: Hrpc <hrpc@irtf.org>
Thread-Topic: Network self-determination: When building the Internet becomes a right
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Date: Wed, 28 Mar 2018 16:21:58 +0000
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Dear all,
I would like to thank everyone for the productive discussion last Thursday =
in London. Special thanks to Niels and Mallory for their very useful commen=
ts and to Avri for the very kind welcoming.
Below the final version of my piece on Network Self-determination, in case =
you want to give a look.
Hope you enjoy it
All the best
Luca


Network self-determination: When building the Internet becomes a right
There is no doubt that network self-determination reinforces the distribute=
d nature of the Internet and there is no reason why individuals should not =
have the possibility to build the Internet themselves, improving their stan=
dards of living while bridging digital divides.
By: Luca Belli<http://www.ietfjournal.org/contributing_authors/luca-belli/>
Date: March 28, 2018
[line break image]

Anyone reading this article would agree that the Internet and communication=
 technologies play an increasingly essential role in every connected indivi=
dual's life. Access to well-functioning network infrastructure on affordabl=
e and non-discriminatory terms facilitates significantly the full enjoyment=
 of one's fundamental rights. Internet users can easily access knowledge an=
d education, conduct businesses by trading goods and services online, and u=
tilize digital public services, from paying taxes to applying to schools an=
d receiving remote medical consultations.

As connected individuals, we can safely state that the Internet has become =
an integral part of our lives and our environment, affecting substantially =
how we form our opinions, how we socialize and learn and, ultimately, what =
opportunities we are able to grasp over the course of our lives. But what a=
bout the unconnected?
The current digital (r)evolution can also deepen divides in our societies, =
due to the uneven distribution of digital dividends between those for which=
 connectivity is available and easily affordable and those who are either u=
nconnected or face considerable challenges to connect.[1]<http://www.ietfjo=
urnal.org/network-self-determination-when-building-the-internet-becomes-a-r=
ight/#_ftn1>

This article briefly explores how groups of unconnected and scarcely connec=
ted individuals can regain control over their digital futures, building the=
ir own community networks and enjoying what I define as "network self-deter=
mination."[2]<http://www.ietfjournal.org/network-self-determination-when-bu=
ilding-the-internet-becomes-a-right/#_ftn2> I argue that network self-deter=
mination leads to several positive externalities for the affected communiti=
es while preserving the Internet as a distributed, interoperable and genera=
tive network of networks.

In this perspective, concrete examples of communities enjoying network self=
-determination seem to prove that "the design and development of the Intern=
et infrastructure have a growing impact on society"[3]<http://www.ietfjourn=
al.org/network-self-determination-when-building-the-internet-becomes-a-righ=
t/#_ftn3> and foster a digital environment that enables human rights.

Continues here http://www.ietfjournal.org/network-self-determination-when-b=
uilding-the-internet-becomes-a-right/


Feel free to share https://twitter.com/1lucabelli/status/979020870231449601



[FGV Direito Rio]

Luca Belli, PhD
Senior Researcher
Head of Internet Governance @ FGV<http://internet-governance.fgv.br/>
luca.belli@fgv.br
+55 21 3799 5763
@1lucabelli<https://twitter.com/1lucabelli>

[http://www.fgv.br/mailing/Direito_Rio/assinatura_email/Ondas.png]




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<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Dear all, <o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">I would like to thank everyone =
for the productive discussion last Thursday in London. Special thanks to Ni=
els and Mallory for their very useful comments and to Avri for the very kin=
d welcoming.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Below the final version of my p=
iece on Network Self-determination, in case you want to give a look.&nbsp;
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Hope you enjoy it<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">All the best<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Luca<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<h1><span lang=3D"EN-US">Network self-determination: When building the Inte=
rnet becomes a right<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">There is no doubt that network =
self-determination reinforces the distributed nature of the Internet and th=
ere is no reason why individuals should not have the possibility to build t=
he Internet themselves, improving their
 standards of living while bridging digital divides.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<h4 style=3D"margin-top:0cm;line-height:15.0pt;font-style:italic!important;=
text-transform:capitalize">
<span lang=3D"EN-US">By: </span><a href=3D"http://www.ietfjournal.org/contr=
ibuting_authors/luca-belli/" target=3D"_blank"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=
=3D"color:#039BE5">Luca Belli</span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></s=
pan></h4>
<h4 style=3D"margin-top:0cm;line-height:15.0pt;font-style:italic!important;=
text-transform:capitalize">
<span lang=3D"EN-US">Date: March 28, 2018<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><img bord=
er=3D"0" width=3D"174" height=3D"35" id=3D"Imagem_x0020_3" src=3D"cid:image=
001.png@01D3C697.BF20DE40" alt=3D"line break image"></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Anyone reading this article wou=
ld agree that the Internet and communication technologies play an increasin=
gly essential role in every connected individual&#8217;s life. Access to we=
ll-functioning network infrastructure on affordable
 and non-discriminatory terms facilitates significantly the full enjoyment =
of one&#8217;s fundamental rights. Internet users can easily access knowled=
ge and education, conduct businesses by trading goods and services online, =
and utilize digital public services, from
 paying taxes to applying to schools and receiving remote medical consultat=
ions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">As connected individuals, we ca=
n safely state that the Internet has become an integral part of our lives a=
nd our environment, affecting substantially how we form our opinions, how w=
e socialize and learn and, ultimately,
 what opportunities we are able to grasp over the course of our lives. But =
what about the unconnected?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">The current digital (r)evolutio=
n can also deepen divides in our societies, due to the uneven distribution =
of digital dividends between those for which connectivity is available and =
easily affordable and those who are
 either unconnected or face considerable challenges to connect.</span><a na=
me=3D"_ftnref1"></a><a href=3D"http://www.ietfjournal.org/network-self-dete=
rmination-when-building-the-internet-becomes-a-right/#_ftn1" target=3D"_bla=
nk"><span lang=3D"EN-US">[1]</span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">This article briefly explores h=
ow groups of unconnected and scarcely connected individuals can regain cont=
rol over their digital futures, building their own community networks and e=
njoying what I define as &#8220;network self-determination.&#8221;</span><a=
 name=3D"_ftnref2"></a><a href=3D"http://www.ietfjournal.org/network-self-d=
etermination-when-building-the-internet-becomes-a-right/#_ftn2" target=3D"_=
blank"><span lang=3D"EN-US">[2]</span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US">
 I argue that network self-determination leads to several positive external=
ities for the affected communities while preserving the Internet as a distr=
ibuted, interoperable and generative network of networks.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">In this perspective, concrete e=
xamples of communities enjoying network self-determination seem to prove th=
at &#8220;the design and development of the Internet infrastructure have a =
growing impact on society&#8221;</span><a name=3D"_ftnref3"></a><a href=3D"=
http://www.ietfjournal.org/network-self-determination-when-building-the-int=
ernet-becomes-a-right/#_ftn3" target=3D"_blank"><span lang=3D"EN-US">[3]</s=
pan></a><span lang=3D"EN-US">
 and foster a digital environment that enables human rights.<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><i><span lang=3D"EN-US">Continues here</span></i><sp=
an lang=3D"EN-US">
</span><a href=3D"http://www.ietfjournal.org/network-self-determination-whe=
n-building-the-internet-becomes-a-right" target=3D"_blank"><span lang=3D"EN=
-US">http://www.ietfjournal.org/network-self-determination-when-building-th=
e-internet-becomes-a-right</span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US">/
<br>
&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Feel free to share </span><a hr=
ef=3D"https://twitter.com/1lucabelli/status/979020870231449601" target=3D"_=
blank"><span lang=3D"EN-US">https://twitter.com/1lucabelli/status/979020870=
231449601</span></a><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<table class=3D"MsoNormalTable" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0" width=3D"0" style=3D"width:456.75pt">
<tbody>
<tr style=3D"height:78.0pt">
<td width=3D"298" rowspan=3D"2" style=3D"width:223.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm =
0cm;height:78.0pt">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" align=3D"center" style=3D"text-align:center"><span s=
tyle=3D"mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><img border=3D"0" width=3D"298" height=
=3D"146" id=3D"_x0000_i1026" src=3D"http://www.fgv.br/mailing/Direito_Rio/a=
ssinatura_email/Marca_FGV_Direito_Rio.png" alt=3D"FGV Direito Rio"></span><=
span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p>
</td>
<td width=3D"311" style=3D"width:233.25pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:78=
.0pt">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:3.7pt"><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" =
style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#0=
08ECF;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">Luca Belli, PhD</span></b><span lang=3D"E=
N-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;co=
lor:#666666;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><br>
<i>Senior Researcher </i><br>
<i>Head of </i></span><b><i><span style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&qu=
ot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#666666;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><a href=
=3D"http://internet-governance.fgv.br/" target=3D"_blank"><span lang=3D"EN-=
US" style=3D"color:#0563C1">Internet Governance @ FGV</span></a></span></i>=
</b><b><i><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;=
Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#666666;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><o:p></o:p=
></span></i></b></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:3.7pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US" sty=
le=3D"font-size:9.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#66666=
6;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR">luca.belli@fgv.br</span><span lang=3D"EN-US" =
style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#6=
66666;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><br>
&#43;55 21 3799 <b>5763<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-left:3.7pt"><b><i><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#666666;mso-fa=
reast-language:PT-BR"><a href=3D"https://twitter.com/1lucabelli" target=3D"=
_blank"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"color:#0563C1">@1lucabelli</span></a>=
</span></i></b><b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:&quot;Arial&quot;,sans-serif;color:#666666;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><o=
:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style=3D"padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><img bord=
er=3D"0" width=3D"260" height=3D"58" id=3D"_x0000_i1025" src=3D"http://www.=
fgv.br/mailing/Direito_Rio/assinatura_email/Ondas.png" alt=3D"http://www.fg=
v.br/mailing/Direito_Rio/assinatura_email/Ondas.png"></span><span style=3D"=
font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"mso-fareast-language:PT-BR"><o:p>&nbs=
p;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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