From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Tue Feb 6 22:57:39 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id WAA10287 for ; Tue, 6 Feb 2001 22:57:38 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Wed, 7 Feb 2001 01:56:24 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Wed, 7 Feb 2001 01:56:19 +0000 Received: from graphics.nju.edu.cn by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Wed, 7 Feb 2001 01:56:20 +0000 Received: from wangjian ([192.168.1.149]) by graphics.nju.edu.cn (8.9.3/8.8.7) with SMTP id BAA29218 for ; Mon, 5 Feb 2001 01:58:35 +0800 Message-ID: <00ed01c090a9$06d885e0$9501a8c0@nju.edu.cn> Reply-To: WANG Jian From: WANG Jian To: idmr References: <3682D80D@msgate.future.futsoft.com> Subject: Remove me Date: Wed, 7 Feb 2001 09:55:15 +0800 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="gb2312" X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2014.211 X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2014.211 Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-MIME-Autoconverted: from base64 to 8bit by ietf.org id WAA10287 remove me wangjian@graphics.nju.edu.cn ----- Original Message ----- 发件人: vishwas 收件人: 'IDMR' 发送时间: 1998年12月25日 8:08 主题: Metric > > HI All, > DVMRP uses a metric of 32 (Infinity) to convay a route is unreachable. > And a protocol like PIM-DM which inter-operates with DVMRP (CISCO) and > uses say RIP (Infinity metric 12). > Now my question is, considering the following fig with metrics as shown, > > > 1 > A-----------B > 1 \ 1 / \ > \ / | > C / (Say B runs DVMRP and RIP. Rest use RIP > and PIM-DM) > 10 | / 1 > | / > D > | 1 > ----------+------------- Src. of Multicast. > > Now if the link between B - D fails, the time taken by RIP routes to > converge is far less than half the time taken by DVMRP Routes to converge > (Counting to Inifinity 12 by RIP and 32 by DVMRP). HAY BUT DVMRP DOSENT > USE THE COUNTING TO INIFINITY FUNDA...!!! > Though it is a kind of Distance Vector Algorithm. So it is quite possible > that DVMRP may converge in less time than RIP, as the timeout for RIP is > 180 and Route Holdown for DVMRP is just 120. > > So, is it a good idea to have such a large difference of metric between > RIP and DVMRP metric. Anyway I would like to know the reasons why 32 was > choosen..? and how can we tune up the timers and metrics to sync with RIP > (i.e., PIM-DM). > > Comments Pl. > > Regards > Vishwanath S. Edavayyanamath > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- > ------------------------ > Software Engineer, Future Software Pvt. Ltd, Chennai, India > Ph : +91-44-4330550 (335) > _ > / / (_)__ __ ____ __ > / /__/ / _ \/ // /\ \/ / . . . t h e c h o i c e o f a > /____/_/_//_/\_,_/ /_/\_\ G N U g e n e r a t i o n . . . > From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Thu Feb 15 15:25:38 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id PAA29225 for ; Thu, 15 Feb 2001 15:25:36 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Thu, 15 Feb 2001 17:54:42 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Thu, 15 Feb 2001 15:07:18 +0000 Received: from warp.seabridgenetworks.com by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Thu, 15 Feb 2001 15:07:19 +0000 Received: from tiger.seabridge.co.il (tiger.seabridge.co.il [172.30.10.101]) by warp.seabridge.co.il (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id SAA29397 for ; Thu, 15 Feb 2001 18:31:11 +0200 Received: by TIGER with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) id <168LJ4A0>; Thu, 15 Feb 2001 17:02:24 +0200 Message-ID: From: Armon Assulin To: "'idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk'" Subject: needs help about IGMPv2. Date: Thu, 15 Feb 2001 17:02:25 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----_=_NextPart_001_01C09760.4D95AA14" Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not understand this format, some or all of this message may not be legible. ------_=_NextPart_001_01C09760.4D95AA14 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1255" hello to IDMR working group. I have one simple question: Were can I found information / documentaions about the mapping of IP multicast address to Link Layer address (Ethernet)? please if someone can help me I needs this information A.S.A.P thanks ------_=_NextPart_001_01C09760.4D95AA14 Content-Type: text/html; charset="windows-1255" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable needs help about IGMPv2.

hello to IDMR working group.

I have one simple question:
Were can I found information / = documentaions about the mapping of IP multicast address to Link Layer = address (Ethernet)?

please if someone can help me I needs = this information A.S.A.P


thanks

------_=_NextPart_001_01C09760.4D95AA14-- From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Thu Feb 15 23:29:58 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id XAA08988 for ; Thu, 15 Feb 2001 23:29:57 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Fri, 16 Feb 2001 02:43:51 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Fri, 16 Feb 2001 02:43:44 +0000 Received: from H-135-207-30-103.research.att.com by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Fri, 16 Feb 2001 02:43:49 +0000 Received: from alliance.research.att.com (alliance.research.att.com [135.207.26.26]) by mail-green.research.att.com (Postfix) with ESMTP id B52901E02C; Thu, 15 Feb 2001 21:43:48 -0500 (EST) Received: from windsor.research.att.com (windsor.research.att.com [135.207.26.46]) by alliance.research.att.com (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id VAA01724; Thu, 15 Feb 2001 21:43:48 -0500 (EST) From: Bill Fenner Received: (from fenner@localhost) by windsor.research.att.com (8.8.8+Sun/8.8.5) id SAA17522; Thu, 15 Feb 2001 18:43:47 -0800 (PST) Message-Id: <200102160243.SAA17522@windsor.research.att.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII To: armon.assulin@seabridgenetworks.com Subject: Re: needs help about IGMPv2. Cc: idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Date: Thu, 15 Feb 2001 18:43:47 -0800 Versions: dmail (solaris) 2.2g/makemail 2.9a Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk >Were can I found information / documentaions about the mapping of IP >multicast address to Link Layer address (Ethernet)? RFC 1112, section 6.4 . Bill From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Tue Feb 20 11:16:35 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id LAA15111 for ; Tue, 20 Feb 2001 11:16:33 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Tue, 20 Feb 2001 13:42:06 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Tue, 20 Feb 2001 11:46:43 +0000 Received: from at.seabridgenetworks.com by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Tue, 20 Feb 2001 11:46:48 +0000 Received: by tiger.seabridge.co.il with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) id ; Tue, 20 Feb 2001 13:43:22 +0200 Message-ID: From: Armon Assulin To: "'idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk'" Subject: question regarding rfc 1112 Date: Tue, 20 Feb 2001 13:43:20 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2650.21) Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="----_=_NextPart_001_01C09B32.5368B156" Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not understand this format, some or all of this message may not be legible. ------_=_NextPart_001_01C09B32.5368B156 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1255" hello to IDMR working group. first I want to thanks the people at IDMR for quick answer to my question few days ago. second, I have few more questions regarding RFC 1112: RFC 1112 - 7.3 and 7.4 1) is it true that the IP Module informed the Local Network Module which multicast address packet to accept? 2) and how he did it? (is the IP Module send a list to the Local Network Module and updates this list?) 3) is the answer from Question 2 is per interface? it's not mention in the RFC). 4) When the IP module sending ip multicast packets to his connected hosts: - is the IP module duplicates the packet and send to each member unicast or the Ethernet layer do it? thanks a lot Armon. ------_=_NextPart_001_01C09B32.5368B156 Content-Type: text/html; charset="windows-1255" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable question regarding rfc 1112

hello to IDMR working group.

first I want to thanks the people at = IDMR for quick answer to my question few days ago.
second, I have few more questions = regarding RFC 1112:

RFC 1112 - 7.3 and 7.4
1) is it true that the IP Module = informed the Local Network Module which multicast address packet to = accept?
2) and how he did it? (is the IP = Module send a list to the Local Network Module and updates this = list?)
3) is the answer from Question 2 is = per interface? it's not mention in the RFC).
4) When the IP module = sending ip multicast packets to his connected hosts: =
        - is the IP module duplicates the packet and send to = each member unicast or the Ethernet layer do it?
          

thanks a lot

Armon.

------_=_NextPart_001_01C09B32.5368B156-- From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Wed Feb 21 06:12:58 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id GAA21930 for ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 06:12:57 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 11:07:11 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 11:07:01 +0000 Received: from sky.irisa.fr by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 11:07:08 +0000 Received: from irisa.fr (rocha.irisa.fr [131.254.13.52]) by sky.irisa.fr (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id MAA19009 for ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 12:07:06 +0100 (MET) Message-ID: <3A93A15B.A9E559DE@irisa.fr> Date: Wed, 21 Feb 2001 12:07:07 +0100 From: Ali Boudani Organization: INRIA - RENNES X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.75 [en] (WinNT; U) X-Accept-Language: en, fr MIME-Version: 1.0 To: idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Subject: DVMRP Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Hello, I have two questions: 1- Is DVMRP is till used in a large networks or PIM is replacing it?? 2- With DVMRP when using the RPM algorithm , why should we periodically send messages and after that prune the tree?? It is more simple to send the first message, prune all banches where there is no members and wait for a graft message if there any new members. Why should we send the datagram to all the internetwork again and have the prune mechanism again?? (bandwidth can we wasted) thanx From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Wed Feb 21 06:16:29 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id GAA21945 for ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 06:16:27 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 08:49:53 +0000 Received: from haig.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 08:49:45 +0000 Received: from hermes.research.kpn.com by haig.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 08:49:51 +0000 Received: from sparta.research.kpn.com (sparta.research.kpn.com [139.63.192.6]) by research.kpn.com (PMDF V5.2-31 #42699) with ESMTP id <01K0D90AL7GU000F1M@research.kpn.com> for idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 09:49:48 +0100 Received: from david.research.kpn.com (david.research.kpn.com [139.63.194.14]) by sparta.research.kpn.com (8.8.8+Sun/8.8.8) with SMTP id JAA14603; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 09:49:44 +0100 (MET) Received: from L4529 by david.research.kpn.com (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4) id JAA19027; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 09:49:44 +0100 Date: Wed, 21 Feb 2001 09:49:42 +0100 From: Wilbert de Graaf Subject: Re: question regarding rfc 1112 To: Armon Assulin Cc: idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Message-id: <00b501c09be3$3c396610$01c63f8b@L4529.research.kpn.com> MIME-version: 1.0 X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4 X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4 Content-type: text/plain; charset="windows-1255" Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 X-MSMail-priority: Normal Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Armon, The answers to your questions are implementation specific, but if I look at the code that came with RFC1112 (and is described to some extend in TCP/IP Vol.2: The Implementation): >RFC 1112 - 7.3 and 7.4 >1) is it true that the IP Module informed the Local Network Module which >multicast address packet to accept? Yes. >2) and how he did it? (is the IP Module send a list to the Local Network >Module and updates this list?) When a new groups is added or removed, the IP module calls the network module (if_addmulti()) and the network module keps track of this list. The network module calls the NIC driver and that driver knows if the NIC supports multicast yes or no. If no, the NIC accepts all multicast packets. >3) is the answer from Question 2 is per interface? it's not mention in the >RFC). Yes. The IP module (IGMP code) has a record for every (interface, group). So if a host is subscribed on some group on 2 interfaces, there are 2 records. >4) When the IP module sending ip multicast packets to his connected hosts: > - is the IP module duplicates the packet and send to each member >unicast or the Ethernet layer do it? No, not on shared media. If you want to know specifically about ethernet: In the BSD code ether_output() function calls 'arp' to translate the destination ip address (a group address in this case) into an ethernet address. This mapping is specified in RFC1112 and implemented in FreeBSD in the macro ETHER_MAP_IP_MULTICAST() (/usr/src/sys/netinet/if_ether.h) Wilbert From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Wed Feb 21 08:44:30 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id IAA25932 for ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 08:44:30 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 11:51:59 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 11:51:49 +0000 Received: from 202.54.64.5 by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 11:51:52 +0000 Received: from gayatri.hclt.com (gayatri.hclt.com [192.168.232.199]) by hclhprnd.hclt.com (8.9.3/8.9.3) with ESMTP id RAA25017; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 17:46:36 +0530 Received: from JAIKUMARPC ([192.168.232.131]) by gayatri.hclt.com with SMTP (Microsoft Exchange Internet Mail Service Version 5.5.2650.21) id FBRAXVNX; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 17:20:43 +0530 From: Vijayanand Chandrasekar To: Ali Boudani , idmr Subject: RE: DVMRP Date: Wed, 21 Feb 2001 17:24:55 +0530 Message-ID: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-Priority: 3 (Normal) X-MSMail-Priority: Normal X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook IMO, Build 9.0.2416 (9.0.2910.0) In-Reply-To: <3A93A15B.A9E559DE@irisa.fr> Importance: Normal X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2314.1300 Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit > 2- With DVMRP when using the RPM algorithm , why should we periodically > send messages and after that prune the tree?? > It is more simple to send the first message, prune all banches where > there is no members and wait for a graft message if there any new > members. > Why should we send the datagram to all the internetwork again and have > the prune mechanism again?? (bandwidth can we wasted) This a question of minimising state information in the routers. Using the current mechanism, the prune state that is maintained on a downstream(which is needed for grafting) will be timed out after the prune life time. So , we don't have to maintain state of all possible (S,G) prunes, as this involves storage of lot of state info. Otherwise , if implemented as you suggest all (S,G) prunes sent to upstream should be maintained for ever !. THe current prune life time is large enough to prevent too much BW wastage. Regards, Vijay From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Wed Feb 21 12:33:05 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id MAA03839 for ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 12:33:04 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 15:30:44 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 15:30:38 +0000 Received: from mail1.cisco.com by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 15:30:44 +0000 Received: from bwilliam-8000.cisco.com (bwilliam-isdn1.cisco.com [171.70.247.82]) by mail1.cisco.com (8.8.6 (PHNE_14041)/CISCO.SERVER.1.2) with ESMTP id HAA08189; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 07:30:34 -0800 (PST) Message-Id: <4.3.2.7.2.20010221092416.027810a0@mail1.cisco.com> X-Sender: bwilliam@mail1.cisco.com X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 4.3.2 Date: Wed, 21 Feb 2001 09:28:17 -0800 To: Ali Boudani , idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk From: Beau Williamson Subject: Re: DVMRP In-Reply-To: <3A93A15B.A9E559DE@irisa.fr> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk At 03:07 AM 2/21/2001, Ali Boudani wrote: >Hello, >I have two questions: >1- Is DVMRP is till used in a large networks or PIM is replacing it?? While DVMRP *may* still be in use in some networks, the trend is clearly towards PIM. In general, network engineers should be designing all new multicast networks around PIM since this is pretty much the key multicast protocol on which extensions and augmentations are being built in the IETF. There is little or no serious work being done on any other protocol. Beau Williamson From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Wed Feb 21 17:02:42 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id RAA12065 for ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 17:02:40 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 20:01:47 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 20:01:40 +0000 Received: from router.cisco.com by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 20:01:44 +0000 Received: from localhost (selina@localhost) by cisco.com (8.8.8/2.6/Cisco List Logging/8.8.8) with ESMTP id PAA13730 for ; Wed, 21 Feb 2001 15:01:38 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <200102212001.PAA13730@cisco.com> To: idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Subject: Newbie IGMPv3 questions Reply-To: selina@cisco.com Date: Wed, 21 Feb 2001 15:01:38 -0500 From: Selina Priestley Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk Hi there, I have some questions about the IGMPv3 draft. I think only the first one isn't language-related. 1. I am wondering about the behavior of a router which has EXCLUDE filter mode for a group which receives a Current-State Record of IS_EX. Here's the notation from the draft (in 6.4.1): EXCLUDE (X,Y) IS_EX (A) EXCLUDE (A-Y,Y*A) (A-X-Y)=GMI Delete (X-A) Delete (Y-A) Group Timer=GMI My question is about Y-A. It seems from my reading that there could still be other systems out there which do not want to hear about Y-A. It looks like if those systems generate responding Current-State Records on the long side of the max response time and the system which sent the is_ex responds quickly within the max response time, then those systems which don't want to hear Y-A may have to do so again for up to 10 seconds (using default MRT). Am I misreading somehow? The same situation exists for EXCLUDE/TO_EX. 2. In 6.2.3, it says When a router filter-mode for a group is EXCLUDE, source records are only deleted when the group timer expires. Section 6.3 describes actions that should be taken dependent upon the value of a source timer. However, 6.4.1 and 6.4.2 go on to describe situations where a source record is deleted while the group timer is still running. Maybe this means the below instead?: When a router filter-mode for a group is EXCLUDE, source records are not deleted when the associated source timer expires. Section 6.3 describes the actions that should be taken dependent upon the value of a source timer. 3. Also in 6.2.3, Source timers are always updated (for a particular group) whenever the source is present in a received record for that group. Section 6.4 describes the setting of source timers per type of group records received. Again, in some cases in 6.4, source records are deleted although present in the received record. I suppose this could count as 'updated', but it just doesn't seem right. (It also looks like A*B doesn't get it's timer updated in the INCLUDE(A)/IS_EX(B) case, but maybe that's a typo). I'm not sure what this paragraph is trying to get across, so don't have a suggested alternative. Finally, if it's the case that Group and Group-and-Source Specific Queries aren't sent in response to Current-State Records because these records are themselves responses to General Queries, it seems like it would be good to make note of that, rather than just stating that Group and Source specific queries are never sent in response to Current-State Records, as stated in 6.1. Also, why make that point for Group-and-Source Specific and not for Group-Specific? I think I might break out that last paragraph of section 6.1 at the last two sentences and add the two points just above (if they're true, that is). Or just delete the phrase 'and never in response to Current-State Records'. Thanks a lot, Selina P.S. In the case of the deleted Y element mentioned in 1. above, it seems like a source specific query or keeping that Y around for MRT (even forget robustness time) would be a good thing. Why are these two responses bogus? :-) I am thinking about the case where the deleted Y source is sending something really heinous. From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Thu Feb 22 06:59:38 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id GAA07320 for ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 06:59:38 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 09:35:25 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 09:35:18 +0000 Received: from isis.lip6.fr by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 09:35:13 +0000 Received: from rp.lip6.fr (tibre.lip6.fr [132.227.74.2]) by isis.lip6.fr (8.11.0/jtpda-5.3.2) with ESMTP id f1M9ZDO06114 ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 10:35:13 +0100 Received: from lip6.fr (otos.lip6.fr [132.227.61.47]) by rp.lip6.fr (8.8.8/jtpda-5.2) with ESMTP id KAA03329 ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 10:35:11 +0100 (MET) Message-ID: <3A94DD51.4669ED0E@lip6.fr> Date: Thu, 22 Feb 2001 10:35:13 +0100 From: Rolland Vida Organization: Laboratoire Lip6 X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.75 [fr] (WinNT; U) X-Accept-Language: fr MIME-Version: 1.0 To: selina@cisco.com, idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Subject: Re: Newbie IGMPv3 questions References: <200102212001.PAA13730@cisco.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Selina, Here are a few answers to your questions. It is essentialy how I see things, the authors of the draft might confirm it or not. > 1. I am wondering about the behavior of a router which has EXCLUDE filter > mode for a group which receives a Current-State Record of IS_EX. > > Here's the notation from the draft (in 6.4.1): > > EXCLUDE (X,Y) IS_EX (A) EXCLUDE (A-Y,Y*A) (A-X-Y)=GMI > Delete (X-A) > Delete (Y-A) > Group Timer=GMI > > My question is about Y-A. It seems from my reading that there could > still be other systems out there which do not want to hear about Y-A. > It looks like if those systems generate responding Current-State Records > on the long side of the max response time and the system which sent the > is_ex responds quickly within the max response time, then those systems > which don't want to hear Y-A may have to do so again for up to 10 > seconds (using default MRT). Am I misreading somehow? The same > situation exists for EXCLUDE/TO_EX. The idea was to minimize the list of sources that are kept at the router. If this list is often modified (following consecutive Current State Records for example) is not a problem as long as the source list is kept small. If data from a source that no one wants to hear about passes the router's filter, there's no problem, it will be dropped later. The only concern is to do not cut off sources that might have interested receivers. > 2. In 6.2.3, it says > > When a router filter-mode for a group is EXCLUDE, source records are > only deleted when the group timer expires. Section 6.3 describes > actions that should be taken dependent upon the value of a source timer. > > However, 6.4.1 and 6.4.2 go on to describe situations where a > source record is deleted while the group timer is still running. > Maybe this means the below instead?: > > When a router filter-mode for a group is EXCLUDE, source records are > not deleted when the associated source timer expires. Section 6.3 > describes the actions that should be taken dependent upon the value > of a source timer. You have a point here, as section 6.2.3 discusses the actions related to the expiration of source timers, and not the group timer. What the authors probably wanted to say is that if the source timer expires while the filter is EXCLUDE, the source record is not deleted (as in the INCLUDE case), it only passes in the set of unanimously unwanted sources. It is true though that source records could be deleted following other events such as the reception of some reports, so your phrasing might be more correct. > 3. Also in 6.2.3, > > Source timers are > always updated (for a particular group) whenever the source is present > in a received record for that group. Section 6.4 describes the setting > of source timers per type of group records received. > > Again, in some cases in 6.4, source records are deleted although present > in the received record. I suppose this could count as 'updated', but it > just doesn't seem right. I do not see which case you are talking about. There's no case when a source record is deleted while present in a received record.... > (It also looks like A*B doesn't get it's timer > updated in the INCLUDE(A)/IS_EX(B) case, but maybe that's a typo). It is true that A*B doesn't get it's timer updated in this case, and it should not to! So maybe the phrasing in section 6.2.3. should indeed be modified a bit. Regards, Rolland Vida -- ______________________________________________________ Make everything as simple as possible, but not simpler - Albert Einstein Rolland VIDA - Ph.D. student Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Laboratoire LIP6-CNRS, 8, rue du Capitaine Scott Tel: +33 (0) 1 44 27 71 26 Fax: +33 (0) 1 44 27 74 95 E-mail: Rolland.Vida@lip6.fr Web: http://www-rp.lip6.fr/~vida ______________________________________________________ From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Thu Feb 22 09:59:55 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id JAA13123 for ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 09:59:54 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 13:03:25 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 12:04:14 +0000 Received: from odin.ietf.org by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 12:04:16 +0000 Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id HAA07640; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 07:04:16 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <200102221204.HAA07640@ietf.org> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart" To: IETF-Announce:; Cc: idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org Reply-to: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-idmr-snoop-00.txt Date: Thu, 22 Feb 2001 07:04:16 -0500 Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk --NextPart A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories. This draft is a work item of the Inter-Domain Multicast Routing Working Group of the IETF. Title : IGMPv3 and IGMP Snooping switches Author(s) : M. Christensen, F. Solensky Filename : draft-ietf-idmr-snoop-00.txt Pages : 12 Date : 21-Feb-01 This memo describes the interoperability problems and issues that can arise when a mixed deployment of IGMPv3 and IGMPv2 capable hosts and routers are interconnected by a switch with IGMP snooping capabilities. It is intended as a accompanying document to the IGMPv3 specification. A URL for this Internet-Draft is: http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-idmr-snoop-00.txt Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the username "anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After logging in, type "cd internet-drafts" and then "get draft-ietf-idmr-snoop-00.txt". 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Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the Internet-Draft. --NextPart Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess" --OtherAccess Content-Type: Message/External-body; access-type="mail-server"; server="mailserv@ietf.org" Content-Type: text/plain Content-ID: <20010221145217.I-D@ietf.org> ENCODING mime FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-idmr-snoop-00.txt --OtherAccess Content-Type: Message/External-body; name="draft-ietf-idmr-snoop-00.txt"; site="ftp.ietf.org"; access-type="anon-ftp"; directory="internet-drafts" Content-Type: text/plain Content-ID: <20010221145217.I-D@ietf.org> --OtherAccess-- --NextPart-- From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Thu Feb 22 13:48:32 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id NAA22388 for ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 13:48:31 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 18:27:47 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 18:27:39 +0000 Received: from isis.lip6.fr by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 18:27:31 +0000 Received: from rp.lip6.fr (tibre.lip6.fr [132.227.74.2]) by isis.lip6.fr (8.11.0/jtpda-5.3.2) with ESMTP id f1MIRVO28291 ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 19:27:31 +0100 Received: from lip6.fr (otos.lip6.fr [132.227.61.47]) by rp.lip6.fr (8.8.8/jtpda-5.2) with ESMTP id TAA14728 ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 19:27:30 +0100 (MET) Message-ID: <3A955A13.6DD4A0E8@lip6.fr> Date: Thu, 22 Feb 2001 19:27:31 +0100 From: Rolland Vida Organization: Laboratoire Lip6 X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.75 [fr] (WinNT; U) X-Accept-Language: fr MIME-Version: 1.0 To: Selina Priestley CC: idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Subject: Re: Newbie IGMPv3 questions References: <200102221650.LAA29371@cisco.com> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit Selina, > This was my take as well. However, I wonder how good an idea it is > to start announcing proscribed sources again when no one has specifically > asked for them. I am thinking about parental controls, or some really > noxious site. It would be difficult to guarantee a customer that they > would not see the things they didn't want to see. And difficult to keep > teenagers from rigging some IS_EX box up to see 10 seconds of whatever > every small space of time. I guess it's a matter of how you build this.. IGMP is a soft state protocol, so you have to confirm from time to time sources that you do no want to hear from. This is particularly useful in the case of a router being in EXCLUDE filter mode. If no one confirms its excluded source list, the group timer will expire and the router will switch back to INCLUDE mode, so it will alow to pass much less sources then before. On the other hand, even if a source's packet gets behind the router, it will not be delivered to the receiver if it is a forbidden source. Hosts keep socket state and interface state, with their local filters and source list. So if an incoming packet does not fit in the local requirements, it will not be delivered to the requesting socket. On the end systems, source lists are kept without associated timers, so they will not time out. The source list could be modified only be a new invocation of IPMulticastListen. So once the parent filtered out the malicious sources, state will be maintained locally, and packets won't be delivered. > Hm. Why would A*B not get updated in INCLUDE(A)/IS_EX(B), but the > A-X-Y does get updated in EXCLUDE(X,Y)/IS_EX(A)? It seems like in > both cases someone asked not to hear those elements. There's a difference. When in INCLUDE(A)/IS_EX(B), A*B is not updated, as sources from A have running timers smaller than GMI at the moment the report arrives. So if someone still listens to a source from A*B, it should confirm its interest before this timer expires. By not updating the timer we reduce the interval after which these sources will pass in the second set of unanimously unwanted sources. The case when in EXCLUDE(X,Y)/IS_EX(A) is different. Let's start with the following equation: X+A+Y=(X-A)+(X*A)+(A-X-Y)+(Y*A)+(Y-A) X-A and Y-A will be deleted. Sources from A-X-Y were not present until now in the router's list (the previous list including X+Y) so they have to get a timer. They will be set at GMI, as they will be part of the first set of "conflicting" sources. Sources from Y*A will stay with their timer set to 0. Sources from X*A will not update their timers exactly for the same reason as in the first case discussed. You should note that A-Y = (A-X-Y) + (X*A) In the previous version of the draft the new state of the router was described as EXCLUDE (X*A + (A-Y), Y*A). But it was simplified as X*A is always included in A-Y. I hope i was clear enough... :-) Rolland -- ______________________________________________________ Make everything as simple as possible, but not simpler - Albert Einstein Rolland VIDA - Ph.D. student Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Laboratoire LIP6-CNRS, 8, rue du Capitaine Scott Tel: +33 (0) 1 44 27 71 26 Fax: +33 (0) 1 44 27 74 95 E-mail: Rolland.Vida@lip6.fr Web: http://www-rp.lip6.fr/~vida ______________________________________________________ From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Thu Feb 22 13:48:38 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id NAA22399 for ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 13:48:37 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 16:51:07 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 16:51:00 +0000 Received: from router.cisco.com by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 16:50:57 +0000 Received: from localhost (selina@localhost) by cisco.com (8.8.8/2.6/Cisco List Logging/8.8.8) with ESMTP id LAA29371; Thu, 22 Feb 2001 11:50:49 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <200102221650.LAA29371@cisco.com> To: Rolland Vida cc: idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Subject: Re: Newbie IGMPv3 questions In-reply-to: Message from of Thu Feb 22,2001 10:35 +0100 <3A94DD51.4669ED0E@lip6.fr> Date: Thu, 22 Feb 2001 11:50:49 -0500 From: Selina Priestley Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk >Selina, > >Here are a few answers to your questions. It is essentialy how I see things, t >he >authors of the draft might confirm it or not. Thanks very much for your reply! I appreciate it. Further questions below. > >> 1. I am wondering about the behavior of a router which has EXCLUDE filter >> mode for a group which receives a Current-State Record of IS_EX. >> >> Here's the notation from the draft (in 6.4.1): >> >> EXCLUDE (X,Y) IS_EX (A) EXCLUDE (A-Y,Y*A) (A-X-Y)=GMI >> Delete (X-A) >> Delete (Y-A) >> Group Timer=GMI >> >> My question is about Y-A. It seems from my reading that there could >> still be other systems out there which do not want to hear about Y-A. >> It looks like if those systems generate responding Current-State Records >> on the long side of the max response time and the system which sent the >> is_ex responds quickly within the max response time, then those systems >> which don't want to hear Y-A may have to do so again for up to 10 >> seconds (using default MRT). Am I misreading somehow? The same >> situation exists for EXCLUDE/TO_EX. > >The idea was to minimize the list of sources that are kept at the router. If t >his >list is often modified (following consecutive Current State Records for exampl >e) >is not a problem as long as the source list is kept small. If data from a sour >ce >that no one wants to hear about passes the router's filter, there's no problem >, it >will be dropped later. The only concern is to do not cut off sources that migh >t >have interested receivers. This was my take as well. However, I wonder how good an idea it is to start announcing proscribed sources again when no one has specifically asked for them. I am thinking about parental controls, or some really noxious site. It would be difficult to guarantee a customer that they would not see the things they didn't want to see. And difficult to keep teenagers from rigging some IS_EX box up to see 10 seconds of whatever every small space of time. I guess it's a matter of how you build this.. >> 3. Also in 6.2.3, >> >> Source timers are >> always updated (for a particular group) whenever the source is present >> in a received record for that group. Section 6.4 describes the settin >g >> of source timers per type of group records received. >> >> Again, in some cases in 6.4, source records are deleted although present >> in the received record. I suppose this could count as 'updated', but it >> just doesn't seem right. > >I do not see which case you are talking about. There's no case when a source >record is deleted while present in a received record.... You know, you're right. :) Got my As and Bs mixed, since A does the samba between INCLUDES and EXCLUDES. > >> (It also looks like A*B doesn't get it's timer >> updated in the INCLUDE(A)/IS_EX(B) case, but maybe that's a typo). > >It is true that A*B doesn't get it's timer updated in this case, and it should > not >to! So maybe the phrasing in section 6.2.3. should indeed be modified a bit. Hm. Why would A*B not get updated in INCLUDE(A)/IS_EX(B), but the A-X-Y does get updated in EXCLUDE(X,Y)/IS_EX(A)? It seems like in both cases someone asked not to hear those elements. Thanks so much for your time! Selina > >Regards, > >Rolland Vida > > >-- >______________________________________________________ >Make everything as simple as possible, but not simpler - Albert Einstein > >Rolland VIDA - Ph.D. student >Universite Pierre et Marie Curie >Laboratoire LIP6-CNRS, 8, rue du Capitaine Scott >Tel: +33 (0) 1 44 27 71 26 Fax: +33 (0) 1 44 27 74 95 >E-mail: Rolland.Vida@lip6.fr Web: http://www-rp.lip6.fr/~vida >______________________________________________________ > > From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Fri Feb 23 17:18:54 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id RAA24596 for ; Fri, 23 Feb 2001 17:18:52 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Fri, 23 Feb 2001 19:55:29 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Fri, 23 Feb 2001 19:55:22 +0000 Received: from sj-msg-core-1.cisco.com by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Fri, 23 Feb 2001 19:55:27 +0000 Received: from kouvelas-u10.cisco.com (kouvelas-u10.cisco.com [171.69.65.54]) by sj-msg-core-1.cisco.com (8.9.3/8.9.1) with ESMTP id LAA09346; Fri, 23 Feb 2001 11:55:44 -0800 (PST) Received: from localhost (kouvelas@localhost) by kouvelas-u10.cisco.com (8.8.8-Cisco List Logging/CISCO.WS.1.2) with ESMTP id LAA02780; Fri, 23 Feb 2001 11:55:25 -0800 (PST) Message-Id: <200102231955.LAA02780@kouvelas-u10.cisco.com> X-Authentication-Warning: kouvelas-u10.cisco.com: kouvelas owned process doing -bs To: internet-drafts@ietf.org cc: holbrook@cisco.com, Bill Fenner , kouvelas@cisco.com cc: idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Subject: draft-ietf-idmr-msnip-00.txt Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2001 11:55:25 -0800 From: Isidor Kouvelas Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk Please include the draft below in the ID directories. Postscript version follows in separate email. thanks Isidor Internet Engineering Task Force IDMR WG INTERNET-DRAFT Bill Fenner/AT&T draft-ietf-idmr-msnip-00.txt Hugh Holbrook/Cisco Isidor Kouvelas/Cisco 23 February 2001 Expires: August 2001 Multicast Source Notification of Interest Protocol (MSNIP) Status of this Document This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet- Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This document is a product of the IETF IDMR WG. Comments should be addressed to the authors, or the WG's mailing list at pim@catarina.usc.edu. Abstract This document discusses the Multicast Source Interest Notification Protocol (MSNIP). MSNIP is an extension to IGMPv3 [1] that provides membership notification services for sources of multicast traffic. Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas [Page 1] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 Table of Contents 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. API for Requesting Membership Notification. . . . . . . 3 3. Protocol Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.1. Group Range Negotiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2. Host Interest Solicitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3. Router Receiver Membership Reports . . . . . . . . . 6 4. Application Notification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 5. Router Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6. Message Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6.1. Group Map Packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6.2. Interest Solicitation Packet . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.3. Group Membership Report Packet . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7. Constants Timers and Default Values . . . . . . . . . . 15 8. Todo list.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 9. Authors' Addresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 10. Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas [Page 2] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 1. Introduction The Multicast Source Notification of Interest Protocol (MSNIP) is an extension to version 3 of the Internet Group Membership Protocol (IGMPv3 [1] ) that enables multicast sources to avoid the work of sending packets when there are no receivers. The scenario may be one where there is a server sourcing a large number of multicast flows from a much larger pool of potential multicast flows that map onto separate multicast group addresses. If the source were to continuously transmit data on all the groups that could potentially have receivers, significant resources would be wasted in the system itself as well as the first-hop link. Using a higher level control protocol to determine the existence of receivers for particular flows is not practical as there may be many potential receivers. Information on which multicast groups have receivers for a particular sender is typically maintained by the multicast routing protocol on the first hop router to the source. MSNIP uses this information to notify the application in the sending system of when it should start or stop transmitting. This is achieved without any group- specific state on the first-hop router for potential sources without receivers. Many currently deployed multicast routing protocols, require data from an active source to be propagated past the first-hop router before information on the existence of receivers becomes available on the first-hop. All dense-mode protocols fall under this category as well as sparse-mode protocols that use shared trees for source discovery (such as PIM-SM [3] ). In order to provide receiver interest notification for such protocols, the default mode of operation would require that the system always transmits on all potential groups and the first-hop routers prune the traffic back. In order to avoid this complication MSNIP only supports sparse-mode multicast routing protocols that build source-specific trees (such as PIM-SSM [3] ). With such protocols, the first-hop router can obtain information on the existence of receivers without forwarding any data from the source. Support for this type of protocols covers the majority of applications that MSNIP is targeted at. 2. API for Requesting Membership Notification Applications within an IP system that wish to source multicast packets and are interested in being notified on the existence of receivers must register with the IP layer of the system. MSNIP requires that within the IP system, there is (at least conceptually) an Application Programming Interface or API that can be used to register with the IP layer for such notifications. A system's IP API must support Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 2. [Page 3] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 the following operation or any logical equivalent: IPMulticastsSourceRegister (socket, interface, multicast-address) IPMulticastsSourceDeregister (socket, interface, multicast-address) In addition the application must provide the following API for receiving notifications from the IP system: IPMulticastSourceStart (socket, interface, multicast-address) IPMulticastSourceStop (socket, interface, multicast-address) where: socket is an implementation-specific parameter used to distinguish among different requesting entities (e.g., programs or processes) within the system; the socket parameter of BSD Unix system calls is a specific example. interface is a local identifier of the network interface on which the application wishes to transmit data to the specified multicast address. An implementation may allow a special "unspecified" value to be passed as the interface parameter, in which case the request would apply to the "primary" or "default" interface of the system (perhaps established by system configuration). If transmission to the same multicast address is desired on more than one interface, IPMulticastSourceRegister is invoked separately for each desired interface. multicast-address is the IP multicast address to which the request pertains. If transmission to more than one multicast address on a given interface is desired, IPMulticastSourceRegister is invoked separately for each desired multicast address. 3. Protocol Description Like IGMP, MSNIP is an asymmetric protocol specifying different behaviors for systems wishing to source traffic and for multicast routers. Note that a system may perform at the same time more than one of the above functions. An example is a router that wishes to source traffic. Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 3. [Page 4] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 3.1. Group Range Negotiation With current multicast deployment in the Internet, different multicast protocols coexist and operate under different parts of the multicast-address space. Multicast routers are consistently configured with information that maps specific group ranges to multicast protocols. Part of this configuration describes the subset of the multicast address space that is used by source-specific multicast [4]. The default behavior of IP multicast, without MSNIP, is that a multicast application must assume that there are multicast receivers present in the network. In order to allow hosts to avoid transmitting when there are no receivers, MSNIP communicates a range of MSNIP managed groups to source systems. This task is left up to the IGMP querying router. The querier periodically multicasts a MSNIP Group Map message containing the definition of the group ranges over which MSNIP operates. This destination address of the Group Map message is the ALLSYSTEMS group. The Group Map message is sent every [Group Map Interval] seconds. The message also contains a holdtime which is set to [Group Map Holdtime] and instructs IP systems to maintain the group mapping state for the specified holdtime. In addition Group Map messages are sent when either: o the IGMP querier on a link receives an Interest Solicitation message (described in section 3.2 ) from an IP system that was not previously registered with MSNIP or was registered with a different GenID (see section 6.2. o the configured ranges over which MSNIP operated change. When either of the above two events occur the querier initiates a set of [Robustness Variable] Group Map messages. Upon receipt of a Group Map message, an IP system builds or updates a set of group range records as follows. For each group range present in the message, the system either creates or updates a record of the form: (interface, group prefix, group mask) Where interface is the interface the Group Map message was received on and prefix and mask are the definition of the group range. Each previously existing range record with an interface equal to the interface the message was received on which is not reported in the received message is deleted. Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 3.1. [Page 5] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 In addition to the group range records, the IP system maintains a holdtime timer associated with the interface which is initialised to the holdtime in the received message. If the timer expires before the receipt of the next Group Map message, all range records related to the interface are deleted. 3.2. Host Interest Solicitation Hosts that wish to be managed by MSNIP periodically transmit an Interest Solicitation message. This message is multicast with a group destination address of ALL_IGMPv3_ROUTERS (224.0.0.22) and is transmitted every [Interest Solicitation Interval] seconds. The Interest Solicitation message contains a holdtime which is set to [Interest Solicitation Holdtime] and instructs the routers to maintain MSNIP state for this system for the specified period. A generation ID is also included in the Interest Solicitation message to provide support for routers to detect system crashes (see section 6.2). When an IP system first comes up it transmits [Robustness Variable] Interest Solicitation messages randomly spaced over [Initial Interest Solicitation Interval] seconds. All MSNIP capable routers on the link that receive an Interest Solicitation message from an IP system, maintain a system interest record of the form: (IP system address, holdtime timer) Each time an Interest Solicitation message is received from the IP system, the holdtime timer is reset to the holdtime in the received message. In addition the router responds to the solicitation message with a Receiver Membership Report message described in section 3.3. The message contains a TRANSMIT group record for each of the group addresses within the MSNIP managed range for which the routing protocol indicates there are receivers for this source system. When the holdtime timer of a specific system interest record expires, the record is deleted. 3.3. Router Receiver Membership Reports Receiver Membership Report messages are used by routers to communicate the receiver membership status of particular groups to a specific IP system. Each message contains a list of group records of either TRANSMIT or HOLD type that instruct a system to respectively start or stop sending traffic on this link to the specified group Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 3.3. [Page 6] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 address. Receiver Membership Report messages are unicast to the target system. In addition to the receipt of an Interest Solicitation message, routers send Receiver Membership Reports to IP systems when the receiver membership status reported by the multicast routing protocol changes for a specific source and group. Such reports are only sent if the group is managed by MSNIP and the router has a system interest record created by a previously received Interest Solicitation message with a IP system address equal to the source address. If the source group pair satisfy these conditions then [Robustness Variable] Receiver Membership Reports are sent out within [Unsolicited Membership Report Interval] seconds. If during the [Unsolicited Membership Report Interval] an additional membership change occurs for the same group and source system, transmission of any related pending Receiver Membership Report messages is canceled and a new set of [Robustness Variable] messages is scheduled. When an IP system receives a Receiver Membership Report message, for each of the TRANSMIT group records listed in the message it creates or updates a group record of the form: (interface, router address, group address, holdtime timer) Where the interface is the one the message was received on, the outer address is obtained from the source address on the IP header of the received message and the holdtime timer is set to [Interest Solicitation Holdtime] seconds. For each group HOLD group record present in the message, the system deletes the relevant group record from its state. 4. Application Notification This section describes how protocol events trigger notifications to source applications within an IP system. +-----------------------------------+ | Figures omitted from text version | +-----------------------------------+ Figure 1: Per Interface (I) and Group (G) state machine at an IP system Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 4. [Page 7] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 In tabular form, the state-machine is: +-----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | Event | | +----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+ |Prev State |New |Start |Stop |Recv |Recv last | | |Register |Manage |Manage |TRANSMIT |HOLD or | | | | | | |timeout | +-----------+----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+ | |Start new |-> Hold |- |- |- | |No Info | |Stop ALL | | | | | | |registered | | | | +-----------+----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+ | |- |- |-> No Info |-> |- | |Hold | | | |Transmit | | | | | |Stop ALL |Start ALL | | | | | |registered |registered | | +-----------+----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+ | |Start new |- |-> No Info |- |-> Hold | |Transmit | | | | |Stop ALL | | | | | | |registered | +-----------+----------+-----------+------------+-----------+-----------+ The events in state machine above have the following meaning: New register A new application has registered through a call to IPMulticastsSourceRegister for this G and I. Start manage We received a Group Map packet on I that changed the status of G from a non-managed to a MSNIP managed group. Stop manage We received a Group Map packet on I that changed the status of G from a MSNIP managed to a non-managed group or the mapping that caused this group to be managed expired. Receive TRANSMIT We received a Receiver Membership Report on I that contains a TRANSMIT group record for G. Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 4. [Page 8] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 Receive last HOLD or timeout We either received a Receiver Membership Report on I that contains a HOLD group record for G or a TRANSMIT group record gor G on I expired and there are no other transmit records for G on I. This means that there are no routers left wishing to receive traffic from this system to group G on I. The state machine actions have the following meaning: Start new Send an IPMulticastSourceStart notification to the application that just registered for this G and I. Start ALL registered Send an IPMulticastSourceStart notification to all applications that are registered for this G and I. Stop ALL registered Send an IPMulticastSourceStop notification to all applications that are registered for this G and I. 5. Router Processing This section describes the per-source system tracking that takes place within a router. +-----------------------------------+ | Figures omitted from text version | +-----------------------------------+ Figure 2: Per IP source system (S) state machine at a router Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 5. [Page 9] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 In tabular form, the state-machine is: +------------++---------------------------------------------------------+ | || Event | | ++------------+-----------+-------------+------------------+ |Prev State || Receive | HIS | Receivers | Receivers | | || HIS | timeout | for new | of G leave | | || | | group G | | +------------++------------+-----------+-------------+------------------+ | || -> | - | - | - | | || Tracking | | | | | || Set HT to | | | | |Not || message | | | | |tracking || holdtime | | | | | || Send ALL | | | | | || existing | | | | | || TRANSMITs | | | | +------------++------------+-----------+-------------+------------------+ |Tracking || Set HT to | -> Not | Send | Send HOLD | | || message | tracking | TRANSMIT | for G | | || holdtime | | for G | | +------------++------------+-----------+-------------+------------------+ The events in state machine above have the following meaning: Receive HIS The router has received a Host Interest Solicitation from S. HIS timeout The holdtime timer (HT) associated with S has expired. Receivers for new group G The routing protocol has informed MSNIP that it now has receivers for the MSNIP managed group G and system S. Receivers of G leave The routing protocol has informed MSNIP that all receivers for the MSNIP managed group G and system S have left. The state machine actions have the following meaning: Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 5. [Page 10] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 Set HT to message holdtime The holdtime timer associated with S is restarted to the value of the holdtime in the received Host Interest Solicitation message. Send ALL existing TRANSMITs The router builds and transmits Receiver Membership Reports to S that contain a TRANSMIT group block for each of the MSNIP managed groups that have receivers for S. Send TRANSMIT for G The router builds and transmits a Receiver Membership Report to S that contains a TRANSMIT group block for the group G. Send HOLD for G The router builds and transmits a Receiver Membership Report to S that contains a HOLD group block for the group G. 6. Message Formats Like all other IGMP messages, MSNIP messages are encapsulated in IPv4 datagrams, with an IP protocol number of 2. Every MSNIP message described in this document is sent with an IP Time-to-Live of 1, and carries an IP Router Alert option [RFC-2113] in its IP header. There are three IGMP message types of concern to the MSNIP protocol described in this document: +-------------------+----------------------------+ | Type Number (hex) | Message Name | +-------------------+----------------------------+ | 0x23 | Group Map | +-------------------+----------------------------+ | 0x24 | Interest Solicitation | +-------------------+----------------------------+ | 0x25 | Receiver Membership Report | +-------------------+----------------------------+ 6.1. Group Map Packet A Group Map packet is periodically multicast by the IGMP querier to declare the multicast group ranges manages by MSNIP. The Group Map message is multicast with a group destination address of Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 6.1. [Page 11] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 ALL_IGMPv3_ROUTERS (224.0.0.22). 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type = 0x23 | Group Count | Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Holdtime | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Group-Prefix-1 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Mask-Len-1 | Reserved | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | . | | . | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Group Count The number of group range records present in this message. Note that the actual maximum number of group ranges that can be reported is limited by the maximum size of an IP packet. As each Group Map packet replaces the mapping at a receiving system, a router cannot split a group mapping into more than one Group Map packets. Checksum The Checksum is the 16-bit one's complement of the one's complement sum of the whole MSNIP message (the entire IP payload). For computing the checksum, the Checksum field is set to zero. When receiving packets, the checksum MUST be verified before processing a packet. Holdtime The amount of time a receiving system must keep the group map state alive, in seconds. Group-Prefix-1 The group prefix of the first group record present in this message. Mask-Len-1 The mask length for the group range in the first group record present in this message. Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 6.1. [Page 12] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 Reserved Transmitted as zero. Ignored upon receipt. 6.2. Interest Solicitation Packet A Interest Solicitation packet is periodically multicast by MSNIP capable systems to declare interest in Receiver Membership Reports from multicast routers on the link. The Interest Solicitation message is multicast with a group destination address of ALL_IGMPv3_ROUTERS (224.0.0.22). 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type = 0x24 | Reserved | Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Holdtime | GenID | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Reserved Transmitted as zero. Ignored upon receipt. Checksum Calculated as for Group Map packet. Holdtime The amount of time a receiving router must keep the system interest state alive, in seconds. GenID Generation ID of the IP system. A number that is selected randomly for each of the [Robustness Variable] initial Interest Solicitation messages when the system comes up and afterwards remains fixed to the value used in the last of the initial messages throughout the system lifetime. The GenID is used by routers to detect system crashes. Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 6.2. [Page 13] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 6.3. Group Membership Report Packet A Group Membership Report packet is unicast by first-hop multicast routers and targeted at potential sources to inform them of the existence or not of receivers for the listed multicast groups. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type = 0x25 | Group Count | Checksum | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Record-Type-1 | Reserved | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Group-Address-1 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Group Count The number of group records present in this message. Checksum Calculated as for Group Map packet. Record-Type-1 The type of the first group record in this message. Valid values are: +-------------+-------------------------------------+-------+ | Record Type | Description | Value | +-------------+-------------------------------------+-------+ | TRANSMIT | Request to start transmitting group | 1 | +-------------+-------------------------------------+-------+ | HOLD | Request to stop transmitting group | 2 | +-------------+-------------------------------------+-------+ Reserved Transmitted as zero. Ignored upon receipt. Group-Address-1 The multicast address of the first group record in the message. Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 6.3. [Page 14] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 7. Constants Timers and Default Values Robustness Variable The Robustness Variable allows tuning for the expected packet loss on a network. If a network is expected to be lossy, the Robustness Variable may be increased. MSNIP is robust to (Robustness Variable - 1) packet losses. The Robustness Variable MUST NOT be zero, and SHOULD NOT be one. Default: 2 Group Map Interval The interval used by the IGMP querier between transmissions of Group Map messages. Default: 60 secs Group Map Holdtime The interval inserted in Group Map messages that indicates to systems how long they should use the included mapping information before they time it out. This MUST be ((the Robustness Variable) times (the Group Map Interval) plus (one second)). Interest Solicitation Interval The interval used by MSNIP capable systems between transmissions of Interest Solicitation messages. Default: 60 secs Interest Solicitation Holdtime The interval inserted in Interest Solicitation messages by systems to instruct routers how long they should maintain system interest state for. This MUST be ((the Robustness Variable) times (the Interest Solicitation Interval) plus (one second)). Initial Interest Solicitation Interval The interval used by systems to send out the initial Interest Solicitation messages when they first come up. Default: 1 second. Unsolicited Membership Report Interval The interval used by routers to send out a set of Membership Report messages when the group membership changes for a specific system. Default: 1 second. Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 7. [Page 15] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 8. Todo list... o Add security considerations section. o If application ignores or does not ask for notification in managed range host OS should filter packets. o Maybe provide masks for registration / notification API. o Case where host and app starts before MSNIP range is available. o When we hear out-of-order IGMP query resend interest registration. o Only send interest registration when application is interested. This is not possible if we do host filtering... o Maybe add API to ask the kernel for the state of a particular group. bool IpMulticastSourceHasInterest (socket, interface, multicast- address). o Add GenID changes to router FSM. 9. Authors' Addresses Bill Fenner AT&T Labs - Research 75 Willow Road Menlo Park, CA 94025 fenner@research.att.com Hugh Holbrook Cisco Systems 170 W. Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134 holbrook@cisco.com Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 9. [Page 16] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 Isidor Kouvelas Cisco Systems 170 W. Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134 kouvelas@cisco.com 10. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Jon Crowcroft for his contribution to this specification. 11. References [1] B. Cain, S Deering, W. Fenner, I Kouvelas, A. Thyagarajan, "Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 3", Work In Progress, , 2000. [2] S. Kent, R. Atkinson, "Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol.", RFC 2401. [3] B. Fenner, M. Handley, H. Holbrook, I. Kouvelas, "Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM): Protocol Specification (Revised)", Work In Progress, , 2000. [4] Z. Albanna, K. Almeroth, D. Meyer, "IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Allocation", Best Current Practices, , 2001. Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 11. [Page 17] INTERNET-DRAFT Expires: August 2001 February 2001 Fenner/Holbrook/Kouvelas Section 11. [Page 18] From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Fri Feb 23 18:00:22 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id SAA26131 for ; Fri, 23 Feb 2001 18:00:16 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Fri, 23 Feb 2001 22:17:09 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Fri, 23 Feb 2001 19:55:41 +0000 Received: from sj-msg-core-2.cisco.com by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Fri, 23 Feb 2001 19:55:44 +0000 Received: from kouvelas-u10.cisco.com (kouvelas-u10.cisco.com [171.69.65.54]) by sj-msg-core-2.cisco.com (8.9.3/8.9.1) with ESMTP id LAA14973; Fri, 23 Feb 2001 11:55:57 -0800 (PST) Received: from localhost (kouvelas@localhost) by kouvelas-u10.cisco.com (8.8.8-Cisco List Logging/CISCO.WS.1.2) with ESMTP id LAA02784; Fri, 23 Feb 2001 11:55:41 -0800 (PST) Message-Id: <200102231955.LAA02784@kouvelas-u10.cisco.com> X-Authentication-Warning: kouvelas-u10.cisco.com: kouvelas owned process doing -bs To: internet-drafts@ietf.org cc: holbrook@cisco.com, Bill Fenner , kouvelas@cisco.com cc: idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Mime-Version: 1.0 Subject: draft-ietf-idmr-msnip-00.ps Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="-" Date: Fri, 23 Feb 2001 11:55:41 -0800 From: Isidor Kouvelas Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk This is a MIME encoded message. 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Christensen Internet Draft Exbit Technology February 2001 F. Solensky Expiration Date: August 2001 Gotham Networks IGMPv3 and IGMP Snooping switches Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026 [RFC2026]. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. Abstract This memo describes the interoperability problems and issues that can arise when a mixed deployment of IGMPv3 and IGMPv2 capable hosts and routers are interconnected by a switch with IGMP snooping capabilities. It is intended as a accompanying document to the IGMPv3 specification. The memo contains a brief IGMP walk through followed by a description of the IGMP snooping functionality. Specific examples are given which are all based on Ethernet as the link layer protocol. Finally recommendations are given for the behavior of IGMP snooping switches. The purpose of this document is twofold: - We want to summarize IGMP snooping induced problems so that IETF can take appropriate actions when deciding on new protocols and behaviors. Christensen, Solensky [Page 1] RFC DRAFT February 2001 - We also hope to bring the attention to switch vendors so that we can minimize the interoperability problems in the future. 1. Introduction In recent years, a number of commercial vendors have introduced prod- ucts described as "IGMP snooping switches" to the market. These devices do not adhere to the conceptual model that provides the strict separation of functionality between different communications layers in the ISO model and instead utilizes information in the upper level protocol headers as factors to be considered in the processing at the lower levels. This is analogous to the manner in which a router can act as a firewall by looking into the transport protocol's header before allowing a packet to be forwarded to its destination address. In the case of multicast traffic, an IGMP snooping switch provides the benefit of conserving bandwidth on those segments of the network where no node has expressed interest in receiving packets addressed to the group address. 2. IGMP snooping overview For a full description of IGMP we refer to [IGMPv3], however, IGMP operation can be summarized in the following: * Hosts send IGMP Membership Report messages to inform neighboring routers that they wish to join a specific IP multicast group. * IGMPv3 Membership Reports may be qualified with a list of allowed or forbidden source addresses. * Routers periodically send IGMP Group Query messages to Hosts in order to maintain group membership state information. These queries can be either general or group specific queries. * Hosts respond to queries with membership Reports. * Hosts running either IGMPv2 or IGMPv3 may also send a Leave Group message to routers to withdraw from the group. A traditional Ethernet network may be separated into different net- work segments to prevent placing too many devices onto the same shared media. These segments are connected by bridges and switches. Christensen, Solensky [Page 2] RFC DRAFT February 2001 When a packet with a broadcast or multicast destination address is received, the switch will forward a copy into each of the remaining network segments in accordance with [BRIDGE]. Eventually, the packet is made accessible to all nodes connected to the network. This approach works well for broadcast packets that are intended to be seen or processed by all connected nodes. In the case of multi- cast packets, however, this approach could lead to less efficient use of network bandwidth, particularly when the packet is intended for only a small number of nodes. Packets will be flooded into network segments where no node has any interest in receiving the packet. While nodes will rarely incur any processing overhead to filter pack- ets addressed to unrequested group addresses, they are unable to transmit new packets onto the shared media for the period of time that the multicast packet is flooded. The problem of wasting bandwidth is even worse when the LAN segment is not shared, for example in Full Duplex links. Full Duplex is standard today for most switches operating at 1Gbps or above. In this case the bandwidth that is wasted is proportional to the number of attached nodes. Allowing switches to snoop IGMP packets is a creative effort to solve this problem. The switch uses the information in the IGMP packets as they are being flooded throughout the network to determine which seg- ments should receive packets directed to the group address. IGMP snooping is being implemented slightly different by different switch vendors. We will not address specific implementations here as documentation is not widely available. For details of one implementa- tion we refer to [CISCO]. In the following we will describe problems in relation to IGMP snoop- ing with the following constraints, which we believe are the most common cases. 1. Group membership is based on multicast MAC addresses only. 2. Forwarding is based on port masks for each supported multicast group. 3. The switch is equipped with a CPU for maintaining group member- ship information. Constraint 3 above is not a strict requirement as IGMP snooping could be accomplished entirely in hardware. However it becomes more diffi- cult to support future modifications to the protocol. Christensen, Solensky [Page 3] RFC DRAFT February 2001 IGMP snooping switches build forwarding lists by listening for (and in some cases intercepting) IGMP messages. Although the software processing the IGMP messages may maintain state information based on the full IP group addresses, the forwarding tables are typically mapped to link layer addresses. An example of such a forwarding table is shown in Figure 1. Multicast MAC address | Member ports ------------------------------------- 01-00-5e-00-00-01 | 2, 7 01-00-5e-01-02-03 | 1, 2, 3, 7 01-00-5e-23-e2-05 | 1, 4 ------------------------------------- Figure 1. Because only the least significant 23 bits of the IP address are mapped to Ethernet addresses [RFC1112], there is a loss of informa- tion when forwarding solely on the destination MAC address. This means that for example 224.0.0.123 and 239.128.0.123 and similar IP multicast addresses all map to MAC address 01-00-5e-00-00-7b (for Ethernet). As a consequence, IGMP snooping switches may collapse IP multicast group memberships into a single Ethernet multicast member- ship group. Finally, it should be mentioned that in addition to building and maintaining lists of multicast group memberships the snooping switch should also maintain a list of multicast routers. When forwarding multicast packets they should be forwarded on ports which have expressed joined using IGMP but also on ports on which multicast routers are attached. 2.1. Problems in older networks The drawback of using IGMP snooping switches to make the flooding of multicast traffic more efficient is that the underlying link layer topology is required to remain very stable. This is especially true in IGMP versions 1 and 2 where group members do not transmit member- ship report messages after having overheard a report from another group member. This problem can be demonstrated with an example. In the topology illustrated in figure 2, a topology loop exists between four IGMP snooping switches labeled A, B, C and D. - The spanning tree algorithm would detect this loop and disable one of the links; for example, the link connecting ports B3 and Christensen, Solensky [Page 4] RFC DRAFT February 2001 C1. - Node N1 transmits a group membership report which will be flooded throughout the network. - When switch A hears the report, it determines that packets addressed to the group should be forwarded to port A3. - Router R hears the Join message and starts forwarding packets with the multicast destination address into the network. Node N1 is now part of the group. - The link between D2 and C2 is broken. The spanning tree algo- rithm reactivates the blocked link B3-C1. - If switch A relies solely on the exchange of IGMP messages to alter its forwarding behavior, node N1 will be unable to receive packets forwarded to the group address until router R sends out another membership query request. +------+ B2 B1 | |----- - - - +------+ -----| SS B | | Node | / | |----- / | N1 | +--------+ A2 / +------+ B3 X C1 +------+ +--+---+ A1 | |----- / -----| | | --+----| Switch | | SS C |-----+---- | | A |----- -----| | C3 +-+-+ +--------+ A3 \ +------+ D2 / C2 +------+ | R | \ D1 | |----- ++-++ -----| SS D | | | | |---------+------ - - - +------+ D3 | +--+---+ | Node | | N2 | +------+ Figure 2 One possible approach to work around this limitation would be for the switch to keep track of which nodes belong to the group, altering the forwarding tables whenever a member becomes visible through a different port. When switch A sees that node N1 has moved from port A3 to A2, the group membership table would be updated. This does not work, however, when more than one node joins the same group address when at least one of them has not yet been upgraded to IGMPv3: if nodes N1 and N2 were to join the group at approximately the same time, they would both start off random timers for the transmission of their first membership report Christensen, Solensky [Page 5] RFC DRAFT February 2001 messages. If node N2 selects a longer interval than N1, it will hear N1's report message and cancel the one it was about to send. Switch A, therefore, never learns that node N2 has joined the group. When the switch learns that N1 is now accessible through port A2, it has no way of knowing that it should continue forwarding group packets to port A3 as well. 2.2. IGMPv2 snooping and 224.0.0.X Special attention should be brought to the address range from 224.0.0.0 through 224.0.0.255 which is reserved for routing protocols and other low-level topology discovery or maintenance protocols [IANA]. Examples of reserved multicast addresses are: 224.0.0.2 All Routers on this Subnet 224.0.0.4 DVMRP 224.0.0.5 MOSPF 224.0.0.6 MOSPF 224.0.0.9 RIP2 Routers 224.0.0.13 PIM Routers 224.0.0.22 IGMPv3 Membership Reports Multicast routers are discouraged from routing packets with a desti- nation address falls within this range, regardless of the TTL value. The router will be the originator or consumer of these messages so it has less of a motivation to maintain forwarding path information for these addresses. As a result, it becomes less critical for the router to send out periodic Query messages for these groups. If the router chooses not to the group would be unable to recover from topology changes as described above. Note that the only difference between the 'all hosts' address (224.0.0.1) and the remainder of this range is that the router has no discretion in the former case: it MUST NOT send Queries. To avoid this situation, IGMP snooping switches should be less con- servative when forwarding packets to these addresses and flood them to all ports. It is reported in [MSOFT] that a number of switches can be mis- con- figured to perform IGMP snooping and forwarding for all IP multi- cast groups. Figure 3 illustrates one scenario where two routers R1 and R2 are communicating using for example 224.0.0.6. The routers never send IGMP joins for this address. The switch floods the (unknown) multi- cast traffic on all ports. Christensen, Solensky [Page 6] RFC DRAFT February 2001 Now the server SVR is started and it sends an IGMP join for 224.0.0.6, which is snooped by the switch. It then generates a mem- bership query on all ports to determine which ports have devices that also belong to this group. The routers R1 and R2 do not respond and the switch builds a forward- ing port list with only SVR in it. Now R1 and R2 are not able to communicate using this address. +----+ +----------+ | R1 |-----| | +----+ | Snooping | +-----+ | |----| SVR | +----+ | switch | +-----+ | R2 |-----| | +----+ +----------+ Figure 3. There are two possible fixes to this problem: One is to require that all routers (also being hosts) which use IP multicast responds to IGMP queries in the range 224.0.0.X. This seems unnecessary as dis- cussed above because of the inherent link local scope of these mes- sages. Another solution to this problem, which is also discussed above, is that the switch is configured to forward all packets for a range of IP multicast addresses to all ports (flooding). It is suggested that all multicast packets in the range 224.0.0.1 through 224.0.0.255 are forwarded on all ports. 2.3. IGMPv2 and IGMPv3 coexistence Consider the following sequence of communication (figure 4.): - Router R sends IGMPv3 Query - Host H1 sends IGMPv2 Report (since it has only implemented v2). - switch S puts H1's port P1 in the flooding list. - Host H2 sends IGMPv3 Report. - Switch S fails to put H2's port P2 in the flooding list because it doesn't support IGMPv3. Christensen, Solensky [Page 7] RFC DRAFT February 2001 - H2 never sees any traffic. {{need to provide description of solution that allows this. Step 4 sounds wrong}} 2.4. Source Specific Joins Even for IGMPv3 snooping capable switches there can be limitations caused by link layer based forwarding. This is illustrated in figure 4. Assume that host H1 sends a Join(S1, G) to R and that host H2 sends a Join(S2, G) to R. The switch adds both hosts to the forwarding list for group G. Frames originating from sources S1 and S2 for the same multicast address G are routed via R. These are sent from R with the router's MAC address as source. The switch is unable to distinguish the two different types of flow and forwards both flows to both hosts. This effectively disables the Join source functionality in this network configuration. +----+ +----------+ | H1 |-----| | +----+ | Snooping | +---+ | |----| R |---(S1, G) and (S2, G) +----+ | switch | +---+ | H2 |-----| | +----+ +----------+ Figure 4. This is a problem without an obvious solution because of the differ- ence between the link layer and the network layer information. One approach would be for the switch to simply flood the packets to both ports. This requires that the host implementations do not rely on the router to perform all of the source address filtering for the group address: they must still filter out packets that do not match the source address criteria specified in the join messages. While this might be seen as an inconvience, this is no different than the case where the router is directly connected to both hosts on a shared LAN and no snooping switch is present. An alternative approach would be for the switch to further qualify the search process by including source address when determining which Christensen, Solensky [Page 8] RFC DRAFT February 2001 ports should forward the packet. While this could work for very sim- ple cases, it is unlikely that this approach could scale into more complex topologies or provide satisfactory performance in even the simple cases. Similar problems occur with the attempt to exclude sources. 3. Snooping Requirements The switch that provides support for IGMP packet snooping MUST for- ward all unrecognized IGMP messages and MUST NOT attempt to make use of any information beyond the end of the network layer header. In particular, messages where any Reserved fields are non-zero MUST NOT be snooped since this could indicate an incompatible change to the message format. If a switch receives a multicast packet without having first pro- cessed Membership Reports for the group address, it MUST forward the packet into all active network segments. In other words, the switch must allow for the possibility that connected hosts and routers have been upgraded to support future versions or extensions of IGMP that the switch does not yet recognize. A switch MAY have a configuration option that suppresses this operation, but default behavior MUST be to allow flooding of unregistered packets. In order to operate correctly, the switch supporting IGMP snooping MUST also maintain a list of multicast routers. This list SHOULD be built using IGMP Multicast Router Discovery [MRDISC] which is cur- rently going through IETF Last Call. IGMP snooping switches MAY in addition use information about which ports packets for the address 224.0.0.X range arrive, when - The packets are IGMP Queries or - The packets are anything but IGMP or - The ports are manually configured as having multicast routers attached 4. Security Considerations Security considerations for IGMPv3 are accounted for in [IGMPv3]. The introduction of IGMP snooping switches adds the following consid- erations with regard to IP multicast. Christensen, Solensky [Page 9] RFC DRAFT February 2001 The exclude source failure which could cause traffic from sources that are 'black listed' to reach hosts that have requested otherwise. This can also occur in certain network topologies without IGMP snoop- ing. It is possible to generate packets which make the switch wrongly believe that there is a multicast router on the segment on which the sender is attached. This will potentially lead to excessive flooding on that segment. The authentication methods discussed in [IGMPv3] will also provide protection in this case. Generally though, it is worth to stress that IP multicast must so far be considered insecure until the work of for example the suggested Multicast Security (MSEC) working group or similar is completed or at lease has matured. 5. References [BRIDGE] IEEE 802.1D, "Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges" [CISCO] Cisco Tech Notes, "Multicast In a Campus Network: CGMP and IGMP snooping" [IANA] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, "Internet Multicast Addresses", http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assign- ments/multicast-addresses [IGMPv3] Cain, B., "Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 3", draft-ietf-idmr-igmp-v3-06.txt, November 2000 [MRDISC] Biswas, S. "IGMP Multicast Router Discovery", draft-ietf- idmr-igmp-mrdisc-05.txt, October 2000. [MSOFT] Microsoft support article Q223136, "Some LAN Switches with IGMP Snooping Stop Forwarding Multicast Packets on RRAS Startup", http://support.microsoft.com/sup- port/kb/articles/Q223/1/36.ASP [RFC1112] Deering, S., "Host Extensions for IP Multicasting", RFC 1112, August 1989. Christensen, Solensky [Page 10] RFC DRAFT February 2001 [RFC2026] Bradner, S. "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3", RFC2026, October 1996. [RFC2236] Fenner, W., "Internet Group Management Protocol, Version 2", RFC2236, November 1997. 6. Author's Addresses: Morten Jagd Christensen Exbit Technology Hoerkaer 18 2730 Herlev DENMARK email: mjc@exbit.dk Frank Solensky Gotham Networks 15 Discovery Way Acton, MA 01720 USA email: fsolensky@GothamNetworks.com (effective 09 March 2001) solensky@acm.org Christensen, Solensky [Page 11] RFC DRAFT February 2001 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. IGMP snooping overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.1. Problems in older networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2. IGMPv2 snooping and 224.0.0.X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3. IGMPv2 and IGMPv3 coexistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.4. Source Specific Joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3. Snooping Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6. Author's Addresses: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Christensen, Solensky [Page 12] --------------A752D45F8F0C629B7ED474D5-- From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Wed Feb 28 10:32:16 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id KAA09610 for ; Wed, 28 Feb 2001 10:32:16 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Wed, 28 Feb 2001 13:32:50 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Wed, 28 Feb 2001 11:58:53 +0000 Received: from odin.ietf.org by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Wed, 28 Feb 2001 11:58:49 +0000 Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id GAA02972; Wed, 28 Feb 2001 06:58:49 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <200102281158.GAA02972@ietf.org> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart" To: IETF-Announce:; Cc: idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org Reply-to: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-idmr-msnip-00.txt,.ps Date: Wed, 28 Feb 2001 06:58:48 -0500 Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk --NextPart A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories. This draft is a work item of the Inter-Domain Multicast Routing Working Group of the IETF. Title : Multicast Source Notification of Interest Protocol (MSNIP) Author(s) : B. Fenner ET AL. Filename : draft-ietf-idmr-msnip-00.txt,.ps Pages : 18 Date : 27-Feb-01 This document discusses the Multicast Source Interest Notification Protocol (MSNIP). MSNIP is an extension to IGMPv3 [1] that provides membership notification services for sources of multicast traffic. A URL for this Internet-Draft is: http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-idmr-msnip-00.txt Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the username "anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After logging in, type "cd internet-drafts" and then "get draft-ietf-idmr-msnip-00.txt". A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail. Send a message to: mailserv@ietf.org. In the body type: "FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-idmr-msnip-00.txt". NOTE: The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility. To use this feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE" command. To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or a MIME-compliant mail reader. Different MIME-compliant mail readers exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with "multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on how to manipulate these messages. Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the Internet-Draft. --NextPart Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess" --OtherAccess Content-Type: Message/External-body; access-type="mail-server"; server="mailserv@ietf.org" Content-Type: text/plain Content-ID: <20010227124025.I-D@ietf.org> ENCODING mime FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-idmr-msnip-00.txt --OtherAccess Content-Type: Message/External-body; name="draft-ietf-idmr-msnip-00.txt"; site="ftp.ietf.org"; access-type="anon-ftp"; directory="internet-drafts" Content-Type: text/plain Content-ID: <20010227124025.I-D@ietf.org> --OtherAccess-- --NextPart-- From owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Wed Feb 28 10:33:08 2001 Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk (pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk [128.16.8.208]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with SMTP id KAA09635 for ; Wed, 28 Feb 2001 10:33:08 -0500 (EST) Received: from pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk via Local Delivery channel id ; Wed, 28 Feb 2001 13:32:29 +0000 Received: from bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk by pan2.cs.ucl.ac.uk with local SMTP id ; Wed, 28 Feb 2001 11:58:36 +0000 Received: from odin.ietf.org by bells.cs.ucl.ac.uk with Internet SMTP id ; Wed, 28 Feb 2001 11:58:44 +0000 Received: from CNRI.Reston.VA.US (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by ietf.org (8.9.1a/8.9.1a) with ESMTP id GAA02954; Wed, 28 Feb 2001 06:58:44 -0500 (EST) Message-Id: <200102281158.GAA02954@ietf.org> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: Multipart/Mixed; Boundary="NextPart" To: IETF-Announce:; Cc: idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org Reply-to: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-idmr-igmpv3-and-routing-00.txt Date: Wed, 28 Feb 2001 06:58:43 -0500 Sender: owner-idmr@cs.ucl.ac.uk Precedence: bulk --NextPart A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories. This draft is a work item of the Inter-Domain Multicast Routing Working Group of the IETF. Title : IGMPv3 and Multicast Routing Protocol Interaction Author(s) : B. Haberman, J. Martin Filename : draft-ietf-idmr-igmpv3-and-routing-00.txt Pages : 4 Date : 27-Feb-01 The definition of IGMPv3 requires new behavior within the multicast routing protocols. The additional source information contained in IGMPv3 messages necessitates that multicast routing protocols manage and utilize the information. This document will describe how IGMPv3 and multicast routing protocols interact. A URL for this Internet-Draft is: http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-idmr-igmpv3-and-routing-00.txt Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the username "anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After logging in, type "cd internet-drafts" and then "get draft-ietf-idmr-igmpv3-and-routing-00.txt". A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail. Send a message to: mailserv@ietf.org. In the body type: "FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-idmr-igmpv3-and-routing-00.txt". NOTE: The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility. To use this feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE" command. To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or a MIME-compliant mail reader. Different MIME-compliant mail readers exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with "multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been split up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation on how to manipulate these messages. Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the Internet-Draft. --NextPart Content-Type: Multipart/Alternative; Boundary="OtherAccess" --OtherAccess Content-Type: Message/External-body; access-type="mail-server"; server="mailserv@ietf.org" Content-Type: text/plain Content-ID: <20010227124013.I-D@ietf.org> ENCODING mime FILE /internet-drafts/draft-ietf-idmr-igmpv3-and-routing-00.txt --OtherAccess Content-Type: Message/External-body; name="draft-ietf-idmr-igmpv3-and-routing-00.txt"; site="ftp.ietf.org"; access-type="anon-ftp"; directory="internet-drafts" Content-Type: text/plain Content-ID: <20010227124013.I-D@ietf.org> --OtherAccess-- --NextPart--