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From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
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Subject: [Idr] Re: Last Call: 'Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP' to
 Proposed Standard (draft-ietf-idr-restart) 
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On Tue, 30 May 2006, The IESG wrote:
> The IESG has received a request from the Inter-Domain Routing WG to consider
> the following document:
>
> - 'Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP '
>   <draft-ietf-idr-restart-11.txt> as a Proposed Standard
>
> The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
> final comments on this action.  Please send any comments to the
> iesg@ietf.org or ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2006-06-13.

The spec seemed reasonably clear, but seems to have a couple of open 
issues, as described below.

Btw, it's interesting that AFAIK no vendor enables graceful restart by 
default.  Some don't even enable graceful restart helper mode by 
default, but that's more difficult to find out because it seems very 
difficult to see whether this is enabled or not when GR is not 
enabled.  I wonder if vendors see some issues in enabling graceful 
restart or GR helper mode that this document does not bring up.

substantial
-----------

1) Is there an implementation report?  I couldn't find any.

In particular, I'd be interested about two things:
  - section 5 states: "In general the Restart Time SHOULD NOT be greater
    than the HOLDTIME carried in the OPEN." while default in two vendors
    I checked appeared to not honor this; Cisco has 120sec restart, 90 sec
    holdtime.  Juniper has 300 sec restart, 60 sec holdtime.

  - Forwarding State bit seems interesting especially to for planned outage
    use, but I does any vendor allow it to be configured?  I couldn't find
    any..

2) The deployment and security considerations sections are not 
sufficiently clear on the hazards of graceful restart.  For example, 
if the router crashes in a certain manner or shuts down due to power 
loss, the traffic is blackholed for up to Restart Time + following 
routing convergence (instead of just routing convergence).

This threat can be mitigated e.g., by using control-plane independent 
liveness detection mechanisms (e.g., BFD on hardware -- probably no 
one implemented that yet) or just using graceful restart for planned 
maintenance (but forwarding state bit doesn't appear to be 
configurable so this isn't an option in practice).  Also lowering 
restart time to something like 10 seconds (if you have multiple 
control processors) might help.

It is also not clear how the issues above differ whether the BGP 
speaker has one or multiple control processors.  I think many 
deployment require two but the assumptions about this aren't stated in 
the document.

editorial
---------
    This document proposes a mechanism for BGP that would help minimize
    the negative effects on routing caused by BGP restart.

==> maybe s/proposes/describes/ ?

5.1. Procedures for the Restarting Speaker

    When the Restarting Speaker restarts, possible it SHOULD retain, if
    possible, the forwarding state for the BGP routes in the Loc-RIB, and
    SHALL mark them as stale.

==> "possible it SHOULD retain" doesn't parse, maybe ", possible" was 
leftover from editing and should be removed..

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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Subject: Re: [Idr] Re: Last Call: 'Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP' to
	Proposed Standard (draft-ietf-idr-restart) 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 01 Jun 2006 10:13:25 +0300."
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In message <Pine.LNX.4.64.0606011001200.7215@netcore.fi>
Pekka Savola writes:
>  
> On Tue, 30 May 2006, The IESG wrote:
> > The IESG has received a request from the Inter-Domain Routing WG to consider
> > the following document:
> >
> > - 'Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP '
> >   <draft-ietf-idr-restart-11.txt> as a Proposed Standard
> >
> > The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
> > final comments on this action.  Please send any comments to the
> > iesg@ietf.org or ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2006-06-13.
>  
> The spec seemed reasonably clear, but seems to have a couple of open 
> issues, as described below.
>  
> Btw, it's interesting that AFAIK no vendor enables graceful restart by 
> default.  Some don't even enable graceful restart helper mode by 
> default, but that's more difficult to find out because it seems very 
> difficult to see whether this is enabled or not when GR is not 
> enabled.  I wonder if vendors see some issues in enabling graceful 
> restart or GR helper mode that this document does not bring up.

At least one vendor prefers that their customers take advantage of
redundant route processor support that makes it look to the external
world as if no route processor failure occurrred.  For most EBGP the
actual protocol exchange is on the line card processor.  For IBGP or
EBGP multihop the "tepid" route processor takes over (not quite hot
since recovery of some derived state occours on failover).

At least two vendors have done this although one is no longer in
business.  The remaining vendor is not one of the big two but has some
tier one and tier two customers.

> substantial
> -----------
>  
> 1) Is there an implementation report?  I couldn't find any.
>  
> In particular, I'd be interested about two things:
>   - section 5 states: "In general the Restart Time SHOULD NOT be greater
>     than the HOLDTIME carried in the OPEN." while default in two vendors
>     I checked appeared to not honor this; Cisco has 120sec restart, 90 sec
>     holdtime.  Juniper has 300 sec restart, 60 sec holdtime.

The practical reason for this is most route processors can't reload
and get to a state where BGP can come up in less than their HOLDTIME.
Bad things happen if the grace timer expires first.  I think this
reflects a worst case setting.

>   - Forwarding State bit seems interesting especially to for planned outage
>     use, but I does any vendor allow it to be configured?  I couldn't find
>     any..
>  
> 2) The deployment and security considerations sections are not 
> sufficiently clear on the hazards of graceful restart.  For example, 
> if the router crashes in a certain manner or shuts down due to power 
> loss, the traffic is blackholed for up to Restart Time + following 
> routing convergence (instead of just routing convergence).

You need to also have IGP graceful restart running and the grace time
for that is often shorter.

The down side of a not-so-gracefull restart in which graceful restart
is indicated is a recovery in the lesser of route processor reboot
time or the grace period plus convergence.  In practical terms this is
almost always over a minute, sometimes a few minutes.

> This threat can be mitigated e.g., by using control-plane independent 
> liveness detection mechanisms (e.g., BFD on hardware -- probably no 
> one implemented that yet) or just using graceful restart for planned 
> maintenance (but forwarding state bit doesn't appear to be 
> configurable so this isn't an option in practice).  Also lowering 
> restart time to something like 10 seconds (if you have multiple 
> control processors) might help.

Lets just leave it at "there are other ways to accomplish BGP
failover".

btw- Same vendor does BFD on line cards with line cards aware of route
processor liveness or the state of a route processor failover.  They
don't need gracefull restart since the failover is completely
transparent to the outside world but implement it (I think).

> It is also not clear how the issues above differ whether the BGP 
> speaker has one or multiple control processors.  I think many 
> deployment require two but the assumptions about this aren't stated in 
> the document.

Depends on whether the extra control processors just sit there and
require intervention to be put into service or act as cold spares or
act as warm or hot spares.  I think how redundant route processors are
used is out of scope for the document though.  A hibernating spare
seems common (spare has read in config and that stuff and "has a
heartbeat" but has acquired no adjacenies or routing information).
Graceful restart seems appropriate for this sort of sparing and in
that case you could configure the graceful restart timer to a much
lower value than the default.

> editorial
> ---------
>     This document proposes a mechanism for BGP that would help minimize
>     the negative effects on routing caused by BGP restart.
>  
> ==> maybe s/proposes/describes/ ?
>  
> 5.1. Procedures for the Restarting Speaker
>  
>     When the Restarting Speaker restarts, possible it SHOULD retain, if
>     possible, the forwarding state for the BGP routes in the Loc-RIB, and
>     SHALL mark them as stale.
>  
> ==> "possible it SHOULD retain" doesn't parse, maybe ", possible" was 
> leftover from editing and should be removed..
>  
> -- 
> Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
> Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
> Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

Your point about an implementation report is valid.  I think you'll
find most major vendors already implement this and support this enough
to make the effort to provide an implementation report so we'll just
have to wait for one.  I don't know for sure how many providers
deplyed this and whether some of those later decided to turn it off
but I do know that providers have insisted that it be implemented.
For now it is in use.  Maybe in a few years redundant route processors
will be more common but even then single route processor routers or
ones without a warm or hot spare will still exist for a long time.

Curtis

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From idr-bounces@ietf.org Thu Jun 01 09:17:57 2006
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Subject: Re: [Idr] Re: Last Call: 'Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP' to
	Proposed Standard (draft-ietf-idr-restart) 
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Pekka,

> On Tue, 30 May 2006, The IESG wrote:
> > The IESG has received a request from the Inter-Domain Routing WG to conside
r
> > the following document:
> >
> > - 'Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP '
> >   <draft-ietf-idr-restart-11.txt> as a Proposed Standard
> >
> > The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
> > final comments on this action.  Please send any comments to the
> > iesg@ietf.org or ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2006-06-13.
> 
> The spec seemed reasonably clear, but seems to have a couple of open 
> issues, as described below.
> 
> Btw, it's interesting that AFAIK no vendor enables graceful restart by 
> default.  Some don't even enable graceful restart helper mode by 
> default, but that's more difficult to find out because it seems very 
> difficult to see whether this is enabled or not when GR is not 
> enabled.  I wonder if vendors see some issues in enabling graceful 
> restart or GR helper mode that this document does not bring up.
> 
> substantial
> -----------
> 
> 1) Is there an implementation report?  I couldn't find any.
> 
> In particular, I'd be interested about two things:
>   - section 5 states: "In general the Restart Time SHOULD NOT be greater
>     than the HOLDTIME carried in the OPEN." while default in two vendors
>     I checked appeared to not honor this; Cisco has 120sec restart, 90 sec
>     holdtime.  Juniper has 300 sec restart, 60 sec holdtime.
> 
>   - Forwarding State bit seems interesting especially to for planned outage
>     use, but I does any vendor allow it to be configured?  I couldn't find
>     any..

Here is the URL for the implementation report:

     http://tools.ietf.org/wg/idr/draft-ietf-idr-bgp-gr-survey/draft-ietf-idr-bgp-gr-survey-01.txt

Yakov.

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From idr-bounces@ietf.org Thu Jun 01 10:44:35 2006
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	Proposed Standard (draft-ietf-idr-restart)
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> 1) Is there an implementation report?  I couldn't find any.

Thanks to Yakov for posting the pointer.  My apologies for jumping
the gun a tad - I sent the draft that Yakov points to to the
Secretariat for posting on the implementation report page at the same
time as requesting the Last Call, but the Last Call process is mostly
automated and posting implementation reports isn't.

  Bill

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From idr-bounces@ietf.org Thu Jun 01 11:35:11 2006
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From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: curtis@faster-light.net
Subject: Re: [Idr] Re: Last Call: 'Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP' to
	Proposed Standard (draft-ietf-idr-restart) 
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Hi,

I'll follow-up to Curtis inline, but first I'd like to make the 
comment about the implementation report: 
http://tools.ietf.org/wg/idr/draft-ietf-idr-bgp-gr-survey/draft-ietf-idr-bgp-gr-survey-01.txt

It's 4 years old, though fortunately (or unfortunately) the spec 
hasn't really changed that much since.  The main differences seem 
to be:
- now using uppercase language
- restarting router procedures now SHOULD retain forwarding state 
(instead of shall)
- BGP FSM update inclusion
- Selection_Deferral_Timer specification spelled out

I'd have liked greater detail in the implementation report, given that 
at least two vendors state compliance but do not note that (or why) 
they do not conform to a SHOULD NOT.  While this specific issue 
probably does not hinder interoperability, it raises a question 
about the credibility of the spec.

On Thu, 1 Jun 2006, Curtis Villamizar wrote:
>> 1) Is there an implementation report?  I couldn't find any.
>>
>> In particular, I'd be interested about two things:
>>   - section 5 states: "In general the Restart Time SHOULD NOT be greater
>>     than the HOLDTIME carried in the OPEN." while default in two vendors
>>     I checked appeared to not honor this; Cisco has 120sec restart, 90 sec
>>     holdtime.  Juniper has 300 sec restart, 60 sec holdtime.
>
> The practical reason for this is most route processors can't reload
> and get to a state where BGP can come up in less than their HOLDTIME.
> Bad things happen if the grace timer expires first.  I think this
> reflects a worst case setting.

Correct, but this gets back to the point below -- "how applicable 
is this with just a single control processor?"

These seem to be two very distinct scenarios with very different 
requirements and applicability.

>>   - Forwarding State bit seems interesting especially to for planned outage
>>     use, but I does any vendor allow it to be configured?  I couldn't find
>>     any..
>>
>> 2) The deployment and security considerations sections are not
>> sufficiently clear on the hazards of graceful restart.  For example,
>> if the router crashes in a certain manner or shuts down due to power
>> loss, the traffic is blackholed for up to Restart Time + following
>> routing convergence (instead of just routing convergence).
>
> You need to also have IGP graceful restart running and the grace time
> for that is often shorter.

That does not apply to all the sessions though.

(Funnily enough, a major vendor has minimum GR restart-time for BGP 1 
second, but for IS-IS 30 seconds..)

> The down side of a not-so-gracefull restart in which graceful restart
> is indicated is a recovery in the lesser of route processor reboot
> time or the grace period plus convergence.  In practical terms this is
> almost always over a minute, sometimes a few minutes.

You seem to make some assumptions here.  For most non-stub routers, 
there's always a backup path, and reconvergence doesn't need to take 
more than a second or two (we've certainly measured very short BGP 
reconvergence inside our network).  For stub edge routers which only 
connect single-homed users and are not used to transit traffic to/from 
any other router, always doing graceful restart may be better than 
non-GR.

>> It is also not clear how the issues above differ whether the BGP
>> speaker has one or multiple control processors.  I think many
>> deployment require two but the assumptions about this aren't stated in
>> the document.
>
> Depends on whether the extra control processors just sit there and
> require intervention to be put into service or act as cold spares or
> act as warm or hot spares.  I think how redundant route processors are
> used is out of scope for the document though.  A hibernating spare
> seems common (spare has read in config and that stuff and "has a
> heartbeat" but has acquired no adjacenies or routing information).
> Graceful restart seems appropriate for this sort of sparing and in
> that case you could configure the graceful restart timer to a much
> lower value than the default.

I personally believe that IETF documents should be useful to 
non-vendors as well.. and more than just bare bones spec required for 
interoperability would be useful to have. Given that we already have a 
section 'Deployment Considerations', it could easily be expanded to 
include useful information.  Likewise, security considerations would 
(perhaps in addition to above) need to better discuss the hazards of 
delayed convergence, i.e., routing packets into a black hole instead 
of rerouting around the problem.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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Subject: Re: [Idr] Re: Last Call: 'Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP' to
	Proposed Standard (draft-ietf-idr-restart) 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 01 Jun 2006 18:34:45 +0300."
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In message <Pine.LNX.4.64.0606011809380.21619@netcore.fi>
Pekka Savola writes:
>  
> I personally believe that IETF documents should be useful to 
> non-vendors as well.. and more than just bare bones spec required for 
> interoperability would be useful to have. Given that we already have a 
> section 'Deployment Considerations', it could easily be expanded to 
> include useful information.  Likewise, security considerations would 
> (perhaps in addition to above) need to better discuss the hazards of 
> delayed convergence, i.e., routing packets into a black hole instead 
> of rerouting around the problem.
>  
> -- 
> Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
> Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
> Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings


Pekka,

Sorry to trim so much.

The things I pointed out were mostly regarding an alternative to
graceful restart and some of the implication of the various ways of
supporting a spare route processor (one or more).  That sort of thing
does seem beyond the scope of the document.

I do support this document and I don't feel that it needs to be a
review paper on the convergence properties of the various approaches
to handling route processor failure or planned maintenance.  At most
it should briefly describe how it is intended to improve this
situation, which is does in Section 5 "Operation".  Section 7
"Deployment Considerations" points out the transient blackhole or loop
problem if things change.  It is safe to assume that the reader knows
that blackholes and route loops are bad and knows in detail what the
consequences are.  I don't see that omiting an embedded review paper
makes this useful only to vendors unless you consider protocol
specification in general to be of no use to providers or researchers
or anyone but vendors.

Curtis

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Date: Fri, 2 Jun 2006 11:10:57 -0400
To: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
From: "John G. Scudder" <jgs@cisco.com>
Subject: [Idr] Re: Last Call: 'Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP' to 
	Proposed Standard (draft-ietf-idr-restart)
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Pekka,

Thanks for your comments.  I've addressed the substantive ones below. 
(No quibbles with the editorial.)

At 10:13 AM +0300 6/1/06, Pekka Savola wrote:
>In particular, I'd be interested about two things:
>  - section 5 states: "In general the Restart Time SHOULD NOT be greater
>    than the HOLDTIME carried in the OPEN." while default in two vendors
>    I checked appeared to not honor this; Cisco has 120sec restart, 90 sec
>    holdtime.  Juniper has 300 sec restart, 60 sec holdtime.

I think this demonstrates that we erred in using the SHOULD NOT 
language, and should weaken it to make it a suggestion, rather than 
using the SCARY ALL CAPS standards words.  There's no 
interoperability issue in doing so.  (BTW I believe you have the 
cisco numbers wrong, should be 120/180 which is in fact compliant 
with the spec as written.)

>  - Forwarding State bit seems interesting especially to for planned outage
>    use, but I does any vendor allow it to be configured?  I couldn't find
>    any..

I'm not aware of any though there could be.  I agree with your 
comment about planned outage use, and so does the spec -- such an 
implementation choice is specifically discussed in the last paragraph 
of section 5.1.

>2) The deployment and security considerations sections are not 
>sufficiently clear on the hazards of graceful restart.  For example, 
>if the router crashes in a certain manner or shuts down due to power 
>loss, the traffic is blackholed for up to Restart Time + following 
>routing convergence (instead of just routing convergence).

The deployment considerations section does mention the possibility of 
black holes and loops, though it doesn't specifically mention the 
power failure scenario.  Granted we don't present the algebra or all 
the possible failure cases, but I like to think that our audience is 
bright enough to do that.  I tend to prefer drafts and RFCs that 
assume I can think for myself and don't waste my time making me read 
through stuff that's self-evident.

That said, if there's significant support for expanding the 
deployment section, I don't see any real reason not to.  In any case 
we can explicitly mention the loss-of-FIB (e.g., power loss) scenario.

You also mention the security considerations section above but I 
don't see the connection?  (Your later comment to Curtis, "Likewise, 
security considerations would (perhaps in addition to above) need to 
better discuss the hazards of delayed convergence, i.e., routing 
packets into a black hole instead of rerouting around the problem" 
doesn't help me understand why you think black holing is a security 
rather than a deployment consideration.)

>This threat can be mitigated e.g., by using control-plane 
>independent liveness detection mechanisms (e.g., BFD on hardware -- 
>probably no one implemented that yet)

Yes, and as I'm sure you're aware this was one of the principal 
motivations behind BFD.  At least some implementations I'm aware of 
can do this.  It does seem worthwhile to me that we mention this in 
the spec.

>or just using graceful restart for planned maintenance (but 
>forwarding state bit doesn't appear to be configurable so this isn't 
>an option in practice).  Also lowering restart time to something 
>like 10 seconds (if you have multiple control processors) might help.
>
>It is also not clear how the issues above differ whether the BGP 
>speaker has one or multiple control processors.  I think many 
>deployment require two but the assumptions about this aren't stated 
>in the document.

Indeed, this is an implementation detail.  As such I think it's 
correct for the document to be silent on this point.

Regards,

--John

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Date: Sat, 3 Jun 2006 11:22:54 +0300 (EEST)
From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: "John G. Scudder" <jgs@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Idr] Re: Last Call: 'Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP' to 
	Proposed Standard (draft-ietf-idr-restart)
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On Fri, 2 Jun 2006, John G. Scudder wrote:
> At 10:13 AM +0300 6/1/06, Pekka Savola wrote:
>> In particular, I'd be interested about two things:
>>  - section 5 states: "In general the Restart Time SHOULD NOT be greater
>>    than the HOLDTIME carried in the OPEN." while default in two vendors
>>    I checked appeared to not honor this; Cisco has 120sec restart, 90 sec
>>    holdtime.  Juniper has 300 sec restart, 60 sec holdtime.
>
> I think this demonstrates that we erred in using the SHOULD NOT language, and 
> should weaken it to make it a suggestion, rather than using the SCARY ALL 
> CAPS standards words.  There's no interoperability issue in doing so.

Agreed, though picking the right restart time is still very important 
if you want the protocol to work well without negative impact in worst 
case scenarios.

>> 2) The deployment and security considerations sections are not sufficiently 
>> clear on the hazards of graceful restart.  For example, if the router 
>> crashes in a certain manner or shuts down due to power loss, the traffic is 
>> blackholed for up to Restart Time + following routing convergence (instead 
>> of just routing convergence).
>
> The deployment considerations section does mention the possibility of black 
> holes and loops, though it doesn't specifically mention the power failure 
> scenario.

The current text is in the context of changes in routing _after_ GR 
has been started.  A loop/blackhole as a result of initiating GR, and 
a loop that occurs because a routing update was missed due to ongoing 
GR are two very different things.  The document is silent about the 
former.

> Granted we don't present the algebra or all the possible failure 
> cases, but I like to think that our audience is bright enough to do 
> that. I tend to prefer drafts and RFCs that assume I can think for 
> myself and don't waste my time making me read through stuff that's 
> self-evident.

Degradation of the "BGP service model" is AFAICS one of the biggest 
reasons why graceful restart hasn't been used that much, and folks are 
pretty uncertain about turning it on.

If we want folks to endorse using our protocols, more text would not 
hurt.  If we don't care, I can see that publishing bare bones specs 
could be deemed sufficient.

> You also mention the security considerations section above but I don't see 
> the connection?  (Your later comment to Curtis, "Likewise, security 
> considerations would (perhaps in addition to above) need to better discuss 
> the hazards of delayed convergence, i.e., routing packets into a black hole 
> instead of rerouting around the problem" doesn't help me understand why you 
> think black holing is a security rather than a deployment consideration.)

The existing routing (and BGP) "service model" is that it reroutes 
around failures in the network if another path is available.

By introducing graceful-restart, you change BGP and this service model 
so that in certain common scenarios, packets get blackholed or looped 
up to restart-time instead instead of always rerouting around the 
problem.

This has an impact on availability of the network.  Availability is 
one important aspect of security.

>> or just using graceful restart for planned maintenance (but forwarding 
>> state bit doesn't appear to be configurable so this isn't an option in 
>> practice).  Also lowering restart time to something like 10 seconds (if you 
>> have multiple control processors) might help.
>> 
>> It is also not clear how the issues above differ whether the BGP speaker 
>> has one or multiple control processors.  I think many deployment require 
>> two but the assumptions about this aren't stated in the document.
>
> Indeed, this is an implementation detail.  As such I think it's correct for 
> the document to be silent on this point.

Maybe.  It is not required for interoperability, but it would be 
useful if we wanted the protocol to be useful.

For instance, the recommendation for the restart-time could be very 
different (e.g., 5 or 10 seconds instead of, say, 300) depending on 
whether multiple control processors are available or not.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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	Proposed Standard (draft-ietf-idr-restart) 
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In message <Pine.LNX.4.64.0606031059460.25044@netcore.fi>
Pekka Savola writes:
>  
> On Fri, 2 Jun 2006, John G. Scudder wrote:
> > At 10:13 AM +0300 6/1/06, Pekka Savola wrote:
> >> In particular, I'd be interested about two things:
> >>  - section 5 states: "In general the Restart Time SHOULD NOT be greater
> >>    than the HOLDTIME carried in the OPEN." while default in two vendors
> >>    I checked appeared to not honor this; Cisco has 120sec restart, 90 sec
> >>    holdtime.  Juniper has 300 sec restart, 60 sec holdtime.
> >
> > I think this demonstrates that we erred in using the SHOULD NOT language, and 
> > should weaken it to make it a suggestion, rather than using the SCARY ALL 
> > CAPS standards words.  There's no interoperability issue in doing so.
>  
> Agreed, though picking the right restart time is still very important 
> if you want the protocol to work well without negative impact in worst 
> case scenarios.
>  
> >> 2) The deployment and security considerations sections are not sufficiently 
> >> clear on the hazards of graceful restart.  For example, if the router 
> >> crashes in a certain manner or shuts down due to power loss, the traffic is 
> >> blackholed for up to Restart Time + following routing convergence (instead 
> >> of just routing convergence).
> >
> > The deployment considerations section does mention the possibility of black 
> > holes and loops, though it doesn't specifically mention the power failure 
> > scenario.
>  
> The current text is in the context of changes in routing _after_ GR 
> has been started.  A loop/blackhole as a result of initiating GR, and 
> a loop that occurs because a routing update was missed due to ongoing 
> GR are two very different things.  The document is silent about the 
> former.

If "about the former" means initiating GR to a router that died then
thats where BFD comes in.  BFD in now often implemented in the line
cards with a liveness check on the route processor such that the line
cards can quickly tell if the route processor is in its reload or
failover process and proceeding normally or has tripped up in this
process.  If the RP is going to need a full reload rather than a fast
failover or where failover is not supported, if the RP is dead rather
than reloading normally, the line card can indicate BFD deadness by
not responding and shortcut the GR time.  This is all implementation
detail and none of it belongs in the GR protocol spec.

> > Granted we don't present the algebra or all the possible failure 
> > cases, but I like to think that our audience is bright enough to do 
> > that. I tend to prefer drafts and RFCs that assume I can think for 
> > myself and don't waste my time making me read through stuff that's 
> > self-evident.
>  
> Degradation of the "BGP service model" is AFAICS one of the biggest 
> reasons why graceful restart hasn't been used that much, and folks are 
> pretty uncertain about turning it on.
>  
> If we want folks to endorse using our protocols, more text would not 
> hurt.  If we don't care, I can see that publishing bare bones specs 
> could be deemed sufficient.

Protocol specs are suppose to define the protocol and provide major
security and deployment considerations, and not provide excessive text
simply advocating their use.

> > You also mention the security considerations section above but I don't see 
> > the connection?  (Your later comment to Curtis, "Likewise, security 
> > considerations would (perhaps in addition to above) need to better discuss 
> > the hazards of delayed convergence, i.e., routing packets into a black hole 
> > instead of rerouting around the problem" doesn't help me understand why you 
> > think black holing is a security rather than a deployment consideration.)
>  
> The existing routing (and BGP) "service model" is that it reroutes 
> around failures in the network if another path is available.
>  
> By introducing graceful-restart, you change BGP and this service model 
> so that in certain common scenarios, packets get blackholed or looped 
> up to restart-time instead instead of always rerouting around the 
> problem.
>  
> This has an impact on availability of the network.  Availability is 
> one important aspect of security.

If it exposed a denial of service attack it would be a security issue.
If it just has the potential to lengthen a failure or worsen a failure
(causing a black hole) then it is a deployment consideration.

AFAIK providers are using this (or similar approaches) to provide
gracefull software upgrade which for some routers occurs more often
than RP failures (ie: a software upgrade might occur once or twice a
year while RP failures might be many years but even more likely might
not occur for the life of the router).

(... as opposed to the pre-ECC memory days when RPs would die much
more often on "high sun spot days" - not likely to be related but
everything seems to get blamed on sun spots in a joking manner - might
also been related more to memory timing or noise on the boards than to
lack of ECC but that's another story).  :-)

> >> or just using graceful restart for planned maintenance (but forwarding 
> >> state bit doesn't appear to be configurable so this isn't an option in 
> >> practice).  Also lowering restart time to something like 10 seconds (if you 
> >> have multiple control processors) might help.
> >> 
> >> It is also not clear how the issues above differ whether the BGP speaker 
> >> has one or multiple control processors.  I think many deployment require 
> >> two but the assumptions about this aren't stated in the document.
> >
> > Indeed, this is an implementation detail.  As such I think it's correct for 
> > the document to be silent on this point.
>  
> Maybe.  It is not required for interoperability, but it would be 
> useful if we wanted the protocol to be useful.
>  
> For instance, the recommendation for the restart-time could be very 
> different (e.g., 5 or 10 seconds instead of, say, 300) depending on 
> whether multiple control processors are available or not.

How about adding "The use of redundant control processors is outside
of the scope of this document except to mention that the
Selection_Deferral_Timer timer can be set to a much lower value in
implementations which support this feature and make use of BGP
Graceful Restart"?  This could be tacked onto the deployment
considerations section.

> -- 
> Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
> Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
> Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings
>  
> _______________________________________________
> Idr mailing list
> Idr@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/idr

Curtis

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Inter-Domain Routing Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: The AS_PATHLIMIT Path Attribute
	Author(s)	: T. Li, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-idr-as-pathlimit-02.txt
	Pages		: 15
	Date		: 2006-6-7
	
This document describes the 'AS path limit' (AS_PATHLIMIT) path
   attribute for BGP.  This is an optional, transitive path attribute
   that is designed to help limit the distribution of routing
   information in the Internet.

   By default, prefixes advertised into the BGP graph are distributed
   freely, and if not blocked by policy will propagate globally.  This
   is harmful to the scalability of the routing subsystem since
   information that only has a local effect on routing will cause state
   creation throughout the default-free zone.  This attribute can be
   attached to a particular path to limit its scope to a subset of the
   Internet.

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FYI.   -- Enke

-------- Original Message --------
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.


	Title		: Implementation Survey for BGP ORF and Prefix-ORF
	Author(s)	: E. Chen
	Filename	: draft-chen-bgp-orf-survey-00.txt
	Pages		: 7
	Date		: 2006-6-7
	
   This document provides an implementation report for these two
   documents: "Cooperative Route Filtering Capability for BGP-4" and
   "Address Prefix Based Outbound Route Filter for BGP-4".


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The IESG has approved the following document:

- 'Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4 '
   <draft-ietf-idr-rfc2858bis-10.txt> as a Draft Standard

This document is the product of the Inter-Domain Routing Working Group. 

The IESG contact persons are Bill Fenner and Ross Callon.

A URL of this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-idr-rfc2858bis-10.txt

Technical Summary
 
   This document defines extensions to BGP-4 to enable it to carry
   routing information for multiple Network Layer protocols (e.g., IPv6,
   IPX, L3VPN, etc...). The extensions are backward compatible - a router that
   supports the extensions can interoperate with a router that doesn't
   support the extensions.

    In the move to Draft Standard, the support for SAFI 3 (unicast+
    multicast for congruent topologies) was removed due to lack of
    implementation support.  The value remains reserved in case
    this feature is implemented.  In addition, the support for SNPA
    was removed, also due to lack of implementation support.
    The "Number of SNPAs" field was changed to reserved and
    MUST be set to zero.
 
Working Group Summary
 
   The working group had consensus to move this document to
   Draft Standard.
 
Protocol Quality
 
   Bill Fenner reviewed this spec for the IESG.  There are several
   implementations, as described in the accompanying implementation
   report, which can be found at
   http://www.ietf.org/IESG/Implementations/mp-bgp-implementation-report.txt

Note to RFC Editor
 
 This document obsoletes RFC 2858.

Please make the following changes:

In the Abstract, remove the first sentence and add another example to the
list;
OLD:
   Currently BGP-4 is capable of carrying routing information only for
   IPv4. This document defines extensions to BGP-4 to enable it to carry
   routing information for multiple Network Layer protocols (e.g., IPv6,
   IPX, etc...). The extensions are backward compatible - a router that

NEW:
   This document defines extensions to BGP-4 to enable it to carry
   routing information for multiple Network Layer protocols (e.g., IPv6,
   IPX, L3VPN, etc...). The extensions are backward compatible - a router that

OLD:
    To
   identify individual Network Layer protocols associated with the next
   hop information and semantics of NLRI this document uses a
   combination of Address Family, as defined in [RFC1700], and
   Subsequent Address Family (as described in this document).

NEW:
    To
   identify individual Network Layer protocols associated with the next
   hop information and semantics of NLRI this document uses a
   combination of Address Family, as defined in [IANA-AF], and
   Subsequent Address Family (as described in this document).

This paragraph appears twice, please change both:
OLD:
         Presently defined values for the Address Family Identifier
         field are specified in RFC1700 (see the Address Family Numbers
         section).

NEW:
         Presently defined values for the Address Family Identifier
         field are specified in the IANA's Address Family Numbers
         registry [IANA-AF].

In section 8:
OLD:
           Res. - Reserved (8 bit) field. SHOULD be set to 0 by the sender
           and ignored by the receiver.

NEW:
           Res. - Reserved (8 bit) field. SHOULD be set to 0 by the sender
           and ignored by the receiver.

           Note that not setting the field value to 0 may create issues for a
           receiver not ignoring the field. In addition this definition is
           problematic if it is ever attempted to redefine the field.

In the IANA considerations section:
OLD:
      - SAFI values 128 through 240 are part of the previous "private
      use" range. Of this space, allocations which are currently in use
      are to be recognized by IANA. Unused values, namely 130, 131, 135
      through 139, and 141 through 240 should be considered reserved, in
      order to avoid conflicts.

NEW:
      - SAFI values 128 through 240 are part of the previous "private
      use" range. At the time of approval of this document, a list of
      allocations which are currently in use will be provided to IANA 
      by the Routing Area Director. Unused values, namely 130, 131, 135
      through 139, and 141 through 240 should be considered reserved, in
      order to avoid conflicts.

References:
OLD:
   [BGP-CAP] "Capabilities Advertisement with BGP-4", R. Chandra, J.
   Scudder, RFC2842, May 2000

   [BGP-4]   Rekhter, Y., and T. Li, "A Border Gateway Protocol 4
   (BGP-4)", RFC 1771, March 1995.

   [RFC1700] "Assigned Numbers", J. Reynolds, J. Postel, RFC1700,
   October 1994 (see also http://www.iana.org/iana/assignments.html)

NEW:
   [BGP-CAP] Chandra, R. and J. Scudder, "Capabilities Advertisement
                    with BGP-4", RFC 3392, November 2002.

   [BGP-4]  Rekhter, Y., Li, T., and S. Hares, "A Border Gateway
                Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, January 2006.

   [IANA-AF] "Address Family Numbers",
   reachable from http://www.iana.org/numbers.html

Authors' Addresses: [change juniper.com to juniper.net]
OLD:
   Dave Katz
   Juniper Networks, Inc.
   email: dkatz@juniper.com

   Yakov Rekhter
   Juniper Networks, Inc.
   email: yakov@juniper.com

NEW:
   Dave Katz
   Juniper Networks, Inc.
   email: dkatz@juniper.net

   Yakov Rekhter
   Juniper Networks, Inc.
   email: yakov@juniper.net


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Congratulations to Tony, Ravi, Dave and Yakov, and thanks
for the hard work involved.  Thanks also to Sue for
coordinating the implementation report.

  Bill

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Inter-Domain Routing Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP
	Author(s)	: S. Sangli, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-idr-restart-12.txt
	Pages		: 11
	Date		: 2006-6-12
	
This document describes a mechanism for BGP that would help minimize
the negative effects on routing caused by BGP restart. An End-of-RIB
marker is specified and can be used to convey routing convergence
information.  A new BGP capability, termed "Graceful Restart
Capability", is defined which would allow a BGP speaker to express
its ability to preserve forwarding state during BGP restart. Finally,
procedures are outlined for temporarily retaining routing information
across a TCP transport reset.

The mechanisms described in this document are applicable to all
routers, both those with the ability to preserve forwarding state
during BGP restart and those without (although the latter need to
implement only a subset of the mechanisms described in this
document).

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Folks,

The revised draft (see attached) reflects the comments
we received during the Last Call.

Yakov.
------- Forwarded Message

Date:    Mon, 12 Jun 2006 15:50:02 -0400
From:    Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
To:      i-d-announce@ietf.org
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Subject: [Idr] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-idr-restart-12.txt 

- --NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Inter-Domain Routing Working Group of the IETF
.

	Title		: Graceful Restart Mechanism for BGP
	Author(s)	: S. Sangli, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-idr-restart-12.txt
	Pages		: 11
	Date		: 2006-6-12
	
This document describes a mechanism for BGP that would help minimize
the negative effects on routing caused by BGP restart. An End-of-RIB
marker is specified and can be used to convey routing convergence
information.  A new BGP capability, termed "Graceful Restart
Capability", is defined which would allow a BGP speaker to express
its ability to preserve forwarding state during BGP restart. Finally,
procedures are outlined for temporarily retaining routing information
across a TCP transport reset.

The mechanisms described in this document are applicable to all
routers, both those with the ability to preserve forwarding state
during BGP restart and those without (although the latter need to
implement only a subset of the mechanisms described in this
document).

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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Inter-Domain Routing Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Cooperative Route Filtering Capability for BGP-4
	Author(s)	: E. Chen, Y. Rekhter
	Filename	: draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-14.txt
	Pages		: 0
	Date		: 2006-6-14
	
This document defines a BGP-based mechanism that allows a BGP speaker
to send to its BGP peer a set of route filters that the peer would
use to constrain/filter its outbound routing updates to the speaker.

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Subject: [Idr] Request WG Last Call for BGP ORF and Prefix-ORF drafts
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Hi, Yakov and Sue:

I would like request that the WG Last Call be issued for the following drafts:

   draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-14.txt   
   draft-ietf-idr-bgp-prefix-orf-03.txt

The implementation report is draft-chen-bgp-orf-survey-00.txt. The issues identified in the implementation report has been addressed by the revised draft (-14.txt).

Thanks.   -- Enke



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From idr-bounces@ietf.org Wed Jun 14 17:07:23 2006
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Folks,

This is to start IDR WG Last Call on advancing the following documents
to Proposed Standard:

   draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-14.txt
   draft-ietf-idr-bgp-prefix-orf-03.txt

Implementation report is draft-chen-bgp-orf-survey-00.txt.

The Last Call ends Jun 28, 2006.

Yakov.

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From idr-bounces@ietf.org Mon Jun 26 04:03:42 2006
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Hi Folks

Just one question on the route filter draft.  The section on Community 
and Extended Community ORF types has been removed.  I can see that this 
makes for a more generic document but are these ORF types to be 
described in a separate document and does their removal at this stage 
alter their behaviour?

Cheers

Neil

Yakov Rekhter wrote:

>Folks,
>
>This is to start IDR WG Last Call on advancing the following documents
>to Proposed Standard:
>
>   draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-14.txt
>   draft-ietf-idr-bgp-prefix-orf-03.txt
>
>Implementation report is draft-chen-bgp-orf-survey-00.txt.
>
>The Last Call ends Jun 28, 2006.
>
>Yakov.
>
>_______________________________________________
>Idr mailing list
>Idr@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/idr
>
>  
>


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From idr-bounces@ietf.org Mon Jun 26 08:37:08 2006
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Folks,

So far we received no requests for presentations at the upcoming
IDR WG meeting.

If you plan to make a presentation at the IDR WG meeting this IETF,
please send an e-mail to Sue and myself. The deadline is June 30.

Sue and Yakov.

P.S. If you plan to make a presentation, please also keep in mind the
rule "no Internet Draft - no time slot".

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From idr-bounces@ietf.org Mon Jun 26 08:39:10 2006
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Neil,

> Hi Folks
> 
> Just one question on the route filter draft.  The section on Community 
> and Extended Community ORF types has been removed.  I can see that this 
> makes for a more generic document but are these ORF types to be 
> described in a separate document and does their removal at this stage 
> alter their behaviour?

Yes to the former. No to the latter. See draft-chen-bgp-ext-community-orf-00.txt

Yakov.

> 
> Cheers
> 
> Neil
> 
> Yakov Rekhter wrote:
> 
> >Folks,
> >
> >This is to start IDR WG Last Call on advancing the following documents
> >to Proposed Standard:
> >
> >   draft-ietf-idr-route-filter-14.txt
> >   draft-ietf-idr-bgp-prefix-orf-03.txt
> >
> >Implementation report is draft-chen-bgp-orf-survey-00.txt.
> >
> >The Last Call ends Jun 28, 2006.
> >
> >Yakov.
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >Idr mailing list
> >Idr@ietf.org
> >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/idr
> >
> >  
> >
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Idr mailing list
> Idr@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/idr

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