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From: "King, Kimberly  S." <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
To: "'Henning Schulzrinne'" <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>,
        "King, Kimberly S." <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
Cc: "Ieprep (E-mail)" <ieprep@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP  REQ-10 (w/14)
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Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2002 12:07:47 -0400



> > Does REQ-10, taken along with  REQ-14, say all network elements must
> > understand the mechanism (at least enough to provide a list 
> of supported
> > name spaces or enough to be tell the name space is not supported)?
> 
> Not really. It could just mean that one should be able to 
> find out if a 
> network element supports any scheme. If the network element doesn't 
> support the scheme at all, it can return the protocol equivalent of 
> "Huh?", without having a clue whether this was a feature asking for 
> priority treatment or a Big Mac.
> 

What happens if I ask for a Big Mac feature today?  Do all network elements
return the protocol equivalent of "Huh?" or does this reflect a modification
of all network elements?
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> What happens if I ask for a Big Mac feature today?  Do all network elements
> return the protocol equivalent of "Huh?" or does this reflect a modification
> of all network elements?

To be concrete: One way to ask for a feature in SIP is via the Require 
header, as in (many details elided)

INVITE sip:alice@burgerking.com SIP/2.0
Require: BigMac

would return the status response

SIP/2.0 420 Bad Extension
Unsupported: BigMac

(Methods would be requested via OPTIONS and returned in Allow, but 
that's not likely to be applicable in our application.) All SIP systems 
have to support this mechanism today, as it is the foundation of the 
feature negotiation mechanism.

Henning

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> 
> 1. Preserve any priority scheme in the CSN when applying SIP bridging
> 
> This would prevent loss of information in the CSN.  It might also make sense
> to limit this case to where both CSN's use the same priority scheme (e.g.,
> suppose CSN 1 is employing MLPP.  Then MLPP information is presented in full
> to CSN 2 but there is no attempt in the IP network to translate MLPP into a
> different priority scheme).
> 
> Question for WG:  Can this be done with existing RFCs or new drafts?  Are
> there any specific security or other requirements in this case?

I believe this can be done with existing drafts, such as the R-P 
document. It could also be done with ISUP bridging, but that assumes 
that both sides use ISUP and the same version of it. RFC 3372 describes 
this architecture in some detail.

> 
> 2. Introduce priority scheme at SIP endpoints (e.g., SIP user agents,
> gateways, media servers).
> 
> This would allow new optional functionality such as providing emergency
> users preferred access to gateway or media server resources, allowing
> preemption to occur at endpoints, etc.  This option increases complexity and
> has security issues that will also need to be addressed.

I believe the security issues aren't all that different than those we 
already face - you need to prevent unauthorized access. I don't see how 
this increases protocol complexity. It may increase implementation 
complexity slightly, but many existing media systems already have 
priorities of one sort or another. Maintaining two (or more) queues 
instead of one isn't terribly challenging for an application, 
particularly if you don't do preemption. The pseudo is nothing but

if (incoming request has high priority)
    insert into queue1
else
    insert into queue2

and

if request is done
   pick next from queue1
   if empty, pick next from queue2

> 
> Questions for WG:  What are the requirements for these endpoints?  Would a
> SIP endpoint be required to determine what priority scheme(s) a gateway
> employs?  Would the gateway be required to communicate the security
> information it must have before allowing priority access to resources?  

I'm confused by your distinction. A gateway *is* a special case of a SIP 
endpoint. (I'm treating a decomposed MG/MGC as a logical gateway here.) 
The gateway or, in case of a decomposed version, the MGC, speaks SIP.

> 
> 3. Introduce priority of SIP messages within SIP proxy servers.
> 
> This would allow certain SIP messages to have preferred treatment over other
> messages.  Now on the surface, it might seem like this kind of preferred
> treatment addresses one of the working groups expressed concerns -
> congestion.  However, there are different types of congestion.  
> 
> In reviewing some prior messages to this list, it seems a great deal of
> emphasis has been placed upon QoS so that packets associated with emergency
> communications are less likely to be dropped during transport in the event
> of congestion.  This type of prioritization is in the realm of techniques
> like DiffServ or RSVP and hence out of scope for SIP or SIPPING.  

Very much so.

> 
> The priority of SIP messages within SIP proxy servers isn't likely to
> address the transport congestion issue-SIP proxies typically don't have
> knowledge of QoS resources and SIP messages don't typically traverse the
> same path as the media streams.  The congestion with respect to gateway or
> other endpoint resources has been handled in 2 above.  
> 
> So, what SIP proxy server prioritization could do is possibly help a server
> decide which message requests in setting up sessions should be preferred.
> It was pointed out in the joint IEPREP-SIPPING meeting in Yokohama, that SIP
> proxies are fast and prioritizing the individual handling of messages may
> have limited value.  SIP proxies must also be DOS resistant.  Also recall

This is not generally true. While SIP proxies *can* be fast, they often 
execute a significant amount of logic. One can usefully think of a SIP 
proxy as having some of the same properties as a web server. A web 
server can be very fast if all it does is serve static pages, but can 
take significant amounts of time to process cgi, servlet or similar 
requests. SIP servers can do the same type of processing - indeed, the 
mechanisms such as servlets and cgi are effectively the same in SIP and 
HTTP servers. Just as for web servers, services may be created by users 
and may very significantly in complexity. For example, they can include 
database accesses ("Is this person on the telemarketer list?" "Does this 
person making an outbound call have enough credit left?"). Some people 
don't just want to replicate the phone system in SIP :-)

Thus, a very reasonable mechanism for a robust server is to say 
"priority calls don't get to do cgi stuff".

That said, my perception is that whether we say anything about this or 
not, implementors can use the same techniques we specify for bridging or 
gateway resources to do resource priorities within a proxy. This is not 
something we need to specify since it is a matter of product 
differentiation. It is not externally visible, except possibly as a 
crashed server.

> that there are many SIP requests per session and they occur in both
> directions.  Suppose a caller with priority calls a caller with regular
> capabilities.  SIP proxies will send setup requests in both directions.
> Would one want priority treatment of exclusively the direction from the
> priority user to the regular one?  If not, there will be additional
> complexity and security concerns in "transferring" the priority of the
> caller to that of the callee.  There is also complexity in checking requests

This sounds complicated, but is a red herring. You already need to match 
up requests with each other and with responses. (Among other reasons, to 
detect retransmissions and to deal with state at the cgi and servlet 
level.) Thus, this is in effect a freebie - if a request from A to B had 
priority, the response from B to A will be associated with that and can 
easily get the same treatment. (Systems that I'm familiar with already 
treat responses to existing requests with priority, since they help 
clean out work and avoid having a lot of half-completed requests hanging 
around and timing out.) Association is via a hard-to-fake 
cryptographically random identifier used as the hash key.

To be sure, this does not cover all cases. For example, for 
call-stateless proxies, mid-call requests from a low-privilege callee to 
the high-privilege caller will not be prioritized, in all likelihood. By 
definition, the call is already up at that time, so this is probably 
less of an issue in any event.

With a few exceptions in special cases (COMET comes to mind), call setup 
has requests only going from caller to callee.


> have the necessary authentication per SIP message, per SIP proxy over
> possibly different security domains.  This is a formidable problem for a
> feature whose utility has already been questioned (see
> http://www.softarmor.com/sipping/meets/ietf54/slides/ieprep-sipping-joint.pp
> t ).

See above. I think this is largely an implementation issue which we can 
safely ignore since everybody will have a different notion what their 
proxy is doing or not doing. Smart implementors will ignore the slides 
and build robust systems; dumb implementors will tell their boss that 
the IETF said this can't be done :-)

> 
> Given the above and our tight deadlines, I am going to suggest we first
> focus on the requirements for 1 and 2 above.

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Subject: [Ieprep] Fwd: [CAP] CAP input demo / update
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No, this isn't VoIP and SIP so tune it out if that's where your head is.  But 
it is emergency services use of the Internet.

----------  Forwarded Message  ----------

Subject: [CAP] CAP input demo / update
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2002 12:02:47 -0700
From: Art Botterell <acb@incident.com>
To: CAP-list@incident.com

[sorry if this is a duplicate... having a bit of trouble with the
listserver today!]

Friends -

As you know, we're demonstrating some applications of the current
draft alert message format in Northern Virginia, under the auspices
of the ComCARE Alliance.  As part of that demo we've posted an input
form, with a "pop-up" graphic tool for drawing affected-area
polygons, that renders an alert message and passes it off to various
processors.

Please feel free to play with it for the next few days... after that
we'll need to restrict it to actual demo use, at least for awhile.
The input tool is at
<http://www.incident.com/cap/svdemo/svdemo.html>... it works best on
Internet Explorer on Windows.

If you fill out the form and submit it, you'll see the XML format
message returned to you.  (The message also gets routed to several of
our partners, so be considerate of what you write!)  This demo is
based on the current (version 0.5a) working draft of the alert
message format.

As for ongoing work on the message format itself... we're still
waiting for the final report from the Partnership for Public
Warning's workshop in Emmitsburg last June... but I've spoken with
some folks who've seen review copies and it doesn't sound like
there'll be anything too terribly revolutionary in it.

And we still hope to launch a more formal standards-track process
under PPW auspices.  If that comes to pass, it'll provide an improved
mechanism for processing the feedback from the workshop and some
other ideas and comments that have been accumulating.  Otherwise
we'll just have to move ahead with such resources as we can muster.

Stand by for news...

- Art

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To: "'Henning Schulzrinne'" <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>,
        "King, Kimberly S." <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
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> > 
> > 2. Introduce priority scheme at SIP endpoints (e.g., SIP 
> user agents,
> > gateways, media servers).
> > 
> > This would allow new optional functionality such as 
> providing emergency
> > users preferred access to gateway or media server 
> resources, allowing
> > preemption to occur at endpoints, etc.  This option 
> increases complexity and
> > has security issues that will also need to be addressed.
> 
> I believe the security issues aren't all that different than those we 
> already face - you need to prevent unauthorized access. 

I'm glad to hear you say that.  I wasn't sure how to read some of the
security requirements.  

"SEC-1: More rigorous: Prioritized access to network and end
             system resources imposes particularly stringent
             requirements on authentication and authorization mechanisms
             since access to prioritized resources may impact overall
             system stability and performance, not just result in theft
             of, say, a single phone call."


Part of this process is just understanding what is being said.

> don't see how 
> this increases protocol complexity. It may increase implementation 
> complexity slightly, but many existing media systems already have 
> priorities of one sort or another. Maintaining two (or more) queues 
> instead of one isn't terribly challenging for an application, 
> particularly if you don't do preemption. The pseudo is nothing but
> 
> if (incoming request has high priority)
>     insert into queue1
> else
>     insert into queue2
> 
> and
> 
> if request is done
>    pick next from queue1
>    if empty, pick next from queue2
> 

The case of endpoint prioritization is an important case that we should
address.  Sure, the above pseudo code is trivial and represents a policy
saying high priority can starve everything else (assuming you want this in a
loop).  That's one policy.  It's fine that this is trivial after working out
the requirements but part of the complexity is figuring out the
requirements.  


> > 
> > Questions for WG:  What are the requirements for these 
> endpoints?  Would a
> > SIP endpoint be required to determine what priority 
> scheme(s) a gateway
> > employs?  Would the gateway be required to communicate the security
> > information it must have before allowing priority access to 
> resources?  
> 
> I'm confused by your distinction. A gateway *is* a special 
> case of a SIP 
> endpoint. (I'm treating a decomposed MG/MGC as a logical 
> gateway here.) 
> The gateway or, in case of a decomposed version, the MGC, speaks SIP.

Yes, the gateway *is* a special case of a SIP endpoint.  I brought it out as
an example because it has resources that your document specifies as
potentially a bottleneck.  

The purpose of the exchange was to focus on underlying assumptions and
requirements so we can provide a good requirements document for SIP/SIPPING
that meets the needs of the ieprep community.


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Mpierce1@aol.com wrote:
> Comments on draft-ietf-ieprep-sip-reqs-00:
> 
> 2. Instead of CN for the abbreviation, I would suggest SCN (Switched 
> Circuit Network).

Well, Kimberly used CSN. From a quick Google search, both terms seem to 
be in use. I don't much care either way...


> 4. End of section again refers to four resources (gateway, CN, IP 
> network resources, and receiver). The text in Section 3 also defined SIP 
> proxy resources.
> 

I added proxy with (x).

> The meaning of the (x) in the table is not clear. For example, although 
> it says that (x) means the resource is in the CN, the first row in the 
> table which is the IP-only case has an (x).

The "as the ..." part is too narrow; I just dropped it.

> 
> REQ-1 implies that the U.S. defense network priority scheme is different 
> than Q.735. It is identical. NATO requirements (also five levels) are 
> also the same.

Reworded as

  Q.735, also implemented by the U.S.  defense network and
NATO, has five levels

> The British Government Telephone Preference Scheme (GTPS) is 
> fundamentally different. It does not control call setup beyond simply 
> determining who gets dial tone.
> 
> I suggest this requirement should read:
> 

Changed.

> 
> REQ-12 Need to make it clear that the "existing schemes" refers to the 
> PSTN and the "future schemes" refers to the plan for IP.

Noted.

> 
> 7. The statement that priority mechanisms can be categorized by priority 
> queue or preemption is a little restrictive. There are other mechanisms 
> which don't fit in either of these two, such as alternate routing and 
> exemption from traffic controls. Most of these additional ones could be 
> categorized as making additional resources available to the priority 
> calls. I would suggest something like:

Added/reworded.

> SEC-9 (Confidentiality) should be separated somewhat from ETS. While it 
> is true that many emergency calls would want confidentiality, many 
> regular calls also do. Further, the lack of confidentiality would not be 
> a reason for not allowing an ETS call to go through, as implied by the 
> statement "must be protected".
> Since "intercept" is often understood to refer to "lawful intercept", 
> this statement about "protected from intercept" should be changed to 
> read "unlawful intercept".

Reworded must to should. Noted that callers may be willing to sacrifice 
confidentiality to get a call through.

> 
> SEC-10 Same comment as for SEC-9.

Thanks for your comments.

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> I'm glad to hear you say that.  I wasn't sure how to read some of the
> security requirements.  
> 
> "SEC-1: More rigorous: Prioritized access to network and end
>              system resources imposes particularly stringent
>              requirements on authentication and authorization mechanisms
>              since access to prioritized resources may impact overall
>              system stability and performance, not just result in theft
>              of, say, a single phone call."

I added a more explicit reference to the resource mentioned earlier. 
SEC-1 applies to all of them. (I'm not sure if that's where the 
confusion came from.)


> The case of endpoint prioritization is an important case that we should
> address.  Sure, the above pseudo code is trivial and represents a policy
> saying high priority can starve everything else (assuming you want this in a
> loop).  That's one policy.  It's fine that this is trivial after working out
> the requirements but part of the complexity is figuring out the
> requirements.  

I don't think we need to specify a particular queueing policy. I'm a bit 
lost as to what impact on requirements this might have. (I can't see any 
new ones.)

> The purpose of the exchange was to focus on underlying assumptions and
> requirements so we can provide a good requirements document for SIP/SIPPING
> that meets the needs of the ieprep community.
> 
Thanks for all your close reading and comments.

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> the above may need a bit of clarification. I think one could argue that 
> a specific NameSpace represents a "particular priority mechanism".

I will formulate a bit more positively.

> 
> I can gather that what you are saying is that the NameSpace should not
> reflect a specific organization or implementation.  And you also want to
> avoid a one-to-one correlation between a namespace and geographic/geo-
> political boundaries.  thats fine.

Indeed.

> 
> one the other hand, I assume that NameSpace(s) that correlate to a
> standard like MLPP (from ITU) would be fine.  valid interpretation?
> 
> also, would it be fine to state that private or experimental NameSpace(s) 
> could be defined, but they simply would not be registered with IANA.  We
> kind of have that with the current diff-serv allocation of code points.
> The one difference with the diff-serv analogy is that I do NOT think there
> will be a need to additional parameter stating whether the NameSpace is
> public or private.  if the NameSpace is not one listed by IANA, then by
> default its private.

Yes; noted.


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Subject: [Ieprep] overall issues and REQ-11 thru REQ-15
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Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 11:29:05 -0400

First, some overall issues:  
 
High-level Question:

What involvement is needed by the local IP network or SIP carrier
for the user to make use of a gateway's ability to invoke GETS, MLPP or some
other service on the CSN?

GETS Example:  User wishes to place GETS call from SIP phone to a phone in
the CSN (via a gateway).

CASE A:  The gateway doesn't support the priority scheme.  It sure might be
nice if it understood that 710 was a valid area code and routed this to the
CSN for authorization and preferential treatment in the CSN using GETS.  The
IP network or SIP carrier may have no particular relationship with the user.

CASE B:  The gateway does support the priority scheme.  At that point, it is
a matter of policy, if the gateway and user do some exchange
authentication/authorization and gives the user preferential access to a
gateway port.  Then the 710 call is routed to the CSN.  The IP network or
SIP carrier may have no particular relationship with the user.

CASE C:  The gateway supports the priority scheme and the IP network or SIP
carrier also have a business relationship with the user (or GETS service).
In this case, the authentication/authorization could potentially be for the
entire GETS service.  Not only is the user authorized for (perhaps
preferential) use of the gateway, the user is authorized for the full GETS
system and a true destination is entered by the gateway (i.e., perhaps the
user really wanted to call 202-555-1212).  In this case, there are some
pretty explicit relationships assumed.  

So, what are we talking about?  

Maybe it is best left ambiguous since the schemes I've heard voiced here use
different techniques.  The circuit-switched landline GETS model
authenticates in the PSTN (at particular IXCs) after the user dials the 710
"area code".  However, the traditional circuit-switched MLPP and GTPS
systems have their authentication built in based upon the physical line.   

When moving MLPP to an IP environment (a.k.a. Assured Service) then it
appears
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-sipping-assured-service-02.
txt

 "It must be possible to verify that the calling party is authorized to
   use the Assured Service and the requested precedence level value and
   to take the appropriate action if the calling party attempts to use a
   higher level."  
The network operator and the assured service user seem to have a known
established relationship.  It is my understanding (and I could be wrong)
that Assured Service is to be deployed on a priviate network where the local
IP networks and SIP carrier have an known relationship with the user.

Do the requirements assume any underlying relationship between the local IP
network or SIP carrier and the user?  Should they? 

Onward...the remaining requirements

        REQ-11: Identity-independent: The user identity is insufficient
             to identify the priority level of the request. The same
             identity can issue non-prioritized requests as well as
             prioritized ones, with the range of priorities determined
             by the job function of the caller. The choice of the
             priority is made based on human judgement, following a set
             of general rules that are likely to be applied by analogy
             rather than precise mapping of each condition. For example,
             a particular circumstance may be considered similarly grave
             compared to one which is listed explicitly.


Comment:  I think we are in new territory here.  With MLPP, certain lines
are provisioned to be able to make calls at a prescribed level(s).  With
traditional landline circuit-switched GETS, the user identity (+ PIN) is
sufficient to identify the priority of the call.  In the U.K's Government
Telephone Preference Scheme, lines are divided into classes to determine
what lines get to place outgoing calls.  So, I presume REQ-11 is directed
solely at the Topology B--IP at the Start?

        REQ-12: Independent of network location: While some existing
             schemes restrict the set of priorities based on the line
             identity, it is recognized that future schemes should be
             flexible enough to avoid such reliance. Instead, a
             combination of authenticated user identity, user choice and
             policy determines the request treatment.

        REQ-13: Multiple simultaneous schemes: Some user agents will
             need to support multiple different priority schemes, as
             several will remain in use in networks run by different
             agencies and operators. (Not all user agents will have the
             means of authorizing callers using different schemes, and
             thus may be configured at run-time to only recognize
             certain namespaces.)

        REQ-14: Discovery: A terminal should be able to discover which
             priority name spaces are supported by a network element.
             Discovery may be explicit, where a user agent requests a
             list of the supported name spaces or it may be implicit,
             where it attempts to use a particular name space and is
             then told that this name space is not supported.

If I understood Henning's email Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP  REQ-10 (w/14), this
requirement request default treatment of network elements not supporting the
proposed mechanism and gives some options (no not OPTIONS) for appropriate
responses from those that do.

 "(Methods would be requested via OPTIONS and returned in Allow, but that's
not likely to be applicable in our application.) All SIP systems have to
support this mechanism today, as it is the foundation of the feature
negotiation mechanism."


        REQ-15: Testing: It must be possible to test the system outside
             of emergency conditions, to increase the chances that all
             elements work during an actual emergency. In particular,
             critical elements such as indication, authentication,
             authorization and call routing must be testable.

I suspect what is really being requested is that the mechanism isn't
something that is switched on only during emergencies but rather something
that is always available if requested (and hence can be tested outside of
emergency situations).

Comments?
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To: "King, Kimberly S." <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] overall issues and REQ-11 thru REQ-15
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Date: Wed, 02 Oct 2002 17:07:06 +0100


> GETS Example:  User wishes to place GETS call from SIP phone to a phone in
> the CSN (via a gateway).
> 
> CASE A:  The gateway doesn't support the priority scheme.  It sure might be
> nice if it understood that 710 was a valid area code and routed this to the
> CSN for authorization and preferential treatment in the CSN using GETS.  The
> IP network or SIP carrier may have no particular relationship with the user.

the 710 number and whatever services associated with it are two different
and cascading items.  710 should be recognized by all LECs, CLECs, etc
within the US.  additional high probability of completion (HPC) services 
is in addition to that and may exist depending on the service contracted
by the customer (ie, US govt).

> Do the requirements assume any underlying relationship between the local IP
> network or SIP carrier and the user?  Should they? 

which "requirements" are you referring to?  I ask because you talk of
MLPP and the Pierce draft (which imo is presented more in terms of
describing a service, and not really a set of requirements) as well
as Henning's draft.

If you are referringto Hennings draft, than in my opinion, the answer
to your question should be no because Henning's draft is very narrow
in scope and only aims at SIP, not what's underneath it.

-ken



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From: "King, Kimberly  S." <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
To: "'Ken Carlberg'" <K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk>,
        "King, Kimberly S." <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
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Subject: RE: [Ieprep] overall issues and REQ-11 thru REQ-15
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Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 12:39:53 -0400

inline

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Ken Carlberg [mailto:K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk]
> Sent: Wednesday, October 02, 2002 12:07 PM

> 
> > Do the requirements assume any underlying relationship 
> between the local IP
> > network or SIP carrier and the user?  Should they? 
> 
> which "requirements" are you referring to?  I ask because you talk of
> MLPP and the Pierce draft (which imo is presented more in terms of
> describing a service, and not really a set of requirements) as well
> as Henning's draft.
> 

I'm hoping that the requirements to be given to SIP/SIPPING will represent
the requirements of the ieprep community (thus include the Assured Service
needs).  
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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] overall issues and REQ-11 thru REQ-15
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> What involvement is needed by the local IP network or SIP carrier
> for the user to make use of a gateway's ability to invoke GETS, MLPP or some
> other service on the CSN?
> 
> GETS Example:  User wishes to place GETS call from SIP phone to a phone in
> the CSN (via a gateway).
> 
> CASE A:  The gateway doesn't support the priority scheme.  It sure might be
> nice if it understood that 710 was a valid area code and routed this to the
> CSN for authorization and preferential treatment in the CSN using GETS.  The
> IP network or SIP carrier may have no particular relationship with the user.

This seems to be purely a configuration issue, requiring no further 
protocol work. The gateway would treat the SIP phone like a somewhat odd 
telephone extension, with the usual DTMF-based authorization.

> 
> CASE B:  The gateway does support the priority scheme.  At that point, it is
> a matter of policy, if the gateway and user do some exchange
> authentication/authorization and gives the user preferential access to a
> gateway port.  Then the 710 call is routed to the CSN.  The IP network or
> SIP carrier may have no particular relationship with the user.

I'm not sure if you consider "SIP network" = "gateway", but in any 
event, auth* would require some relationship to the user. Hard to 
authenticate somebody you haven't met, if indirectly (via some cert).

> 
> CASE C:  The gateway supports the priority scheme and the IP network or SIP
> carrier also have a business relationship with the user (or GETS service).
> In this case, the authentication/authorization could potentially be for the
> entire GETS service.  Not only is the user authorized for (perhaps
> preferential) use of the gateway, the user is authorized for the full GETS
> system and a true destination is entered by the gateway (i.e., perhaps the
> user really wanted to call 202-555-1212).  In this case, there are some
> pretty explicit relationships assumed.  

> 
> So, what are we talking about?  

A is not interesting (no SIP protocol features involved); both B and C 
could happen, but, again, from a protocol perspective, I don't see why 
it matters. in case B, the user may have to authenticate twice, both via 
some challenge/response and DTMF, but that's a user interface issue.

> 
> Maybe it is best left ambiguous since the schemes I've heard voiced here use
> different techniques.  The circuit-switched landline GETS model
> authenticates in the PSTN (at particular IXCs) after the user dials the 710
> "area code".  However, the traditional circuit-switched MLPP and GTPS
> systems have their authentication built in based upon the physical line.   

Also, this strongly depends on the trust relationship between the 
various parties. I don't think that's something we want to get into, as 
it appears to be largely an operational issue.

> 
> When moving MLPP to an IP environment (a.k.a. Assured Service) then it
> appears
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-sipping-assured-service-02.
> txt
> 
>  "It must be possible to verify that the calling party is authorized to
>    use the Assured Service and the requested precedence level value and
>    to take the appropriate action if the calling party attempts to use a
>    higher level."  
> The network operator and the assured service user seem to have a known
> established relationship.  It is my understanding (and I could be wrong)
> that Assured Service is to be deployed on a priviate network where the local
> IP networks and SIP carrier have an known relationship with the user.
> 
> Do the requirements assume any underlying relationship between the local IP
> network or SIP carrier and the user?  Should they? 

No, I don't think they do (or should). I'm wary of attempting to write 
down all permutations and network configurations. Generally, the IETF 
seems to want to stay away from "business models" and network 
configurations and stick to things that are necessary for 
interoperation. I think your discussion and taxonomy is useful, just not 
something I would want to have to expand into an RFC...


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  >         REQ-11: Identity-independent: The user identity is insufficient
>              to identify the priority level of the request. The same
>              identity can issue non-prioritized requests as well as
>              prioritized ones, with the range of priorities determined
>              by the job function of the caller. The choice of the
>              priority is made based on human judgement, following a set
>              of general rules that are likely to be applied by analogy
>              rather than precise mapping of each condition. For example,
>              a particular circumstance may be considered similarly grave
>              compared to one which is listed explicitly.
> 
> 
> Comment:  I think we are in new territory here.  With MLPP, certain lines
> are provisioned to be able to make calls at a prescribed level(s).  With
> traditional landline circuit-switched GETS, the user identity (+ PIN) is
> sufficient to identify the priority of the call.  In the U.K's Government
> Telephone Preference Scheme, lines are divided into classes to determine
> what lines get to place outgoing calls.  So, I presume REQ-11 is directed
> solely at the Topology B--IP at the Start?

I suppose this depends on what you mean by 'user identity'. At the 
user-level, the GETS user still has the same identity (name, SSN, 
telephone number) whether placing a GETS call or not. You could view the 
GETS id+pin as another identity or as a credential for the same person, 
since the id+pin are (I would guess) not meant to be shared by several 
people.

SIP makes the problem a bit more interesting since you have at least 
three identifiers:

- your IP address
- your From SIP URI
- your authentication ID (Digest user name)

You may have more with network-asserted IDs. Yes, this makes sense only 
in an IP-originated scenario, unless the gateway from the CSN 
effectively emulates a user (e.g., queries user via some kind of IVR 
system and then inserts this information into the SIP request).

Also, as we discussed in other venues, I think it would be very useful 
if one could separate the notion of identity from privilege.


>         REQ-15: Testing: It must be possible to test the system outside
>              of emergency conditions, to increase the chances that all
>              elements work during an actual emergency. In particular,
>              critical elements such as indication, authentication,
>              authorization and call routing must be testable.
> 
> I suspect what is really being requested is that the mechanism isn't
> something that is switched on only during emergencies but rather something
> that is always available if requested (and hence can be tested outside of
> emergency situations).

Noted.

> 
> Comments?
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-----Original Message-----
From: King, Kimberly S. [mailto:KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com]
Sent: Monday, September 30, 2002 1:06 PM
To: Ieprep (E-mail)
Subject: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-1 to REQ-5



It might be productive to go through Henning's
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-sip-reqs-00.txt
document to fix ideas and generate remarks on outstanding issues.  We can
take a phased approach where the first 5 requirements are listed below.
Requirements 1,4,5 seem pretty clear and I asked a few questions of 2 and 3.
Any comments?


REQ-1: Not specific to one mechanism or country: The mechanism
             should not be specific to one country or particular
             priority mechanism.  For example, there are currently at
             least four priority schemes in widespread use: Q.735, with
             five levels, the U.S. defense network and NATO with five
             levels, the United States GETS (Government Emergency
             Telecommunications Systems) scheme with implied higher
             priority and the British Government Telephone Preference
             Scheme (GTPS) system.

JPG - Are Q.735, US DOD and NATO two different schemes, or just different
names for the same schemes?
Any particular implementation MAY be specific to a particular country or
scheme.  And not all schemes will be supported across IP networks.  For
instance, I find it hard to see how GTPS (which essentially addresses who
gets "dial tone" could be implemented in, or across, an IP network.


        REQ-2: Independent of particular network architecture: The
             mechanism should work in the widest variety of SIP-based
             systems. It should not be restricted to particular
             operators or types of networks, such as wireless networks
             or protocol profiles and dialects in certain types of
             networks.

How would one know if a proposed solution met REQ-2?  If not restricted to
particular operators or types of networks, does it mean it should work for
all?

The document lists 4 network models and 4 hybrid networks (or topologies).
Does "network architecture" refer to these previously introduced items?

JPG does this mean it should be consistent with the standardized protocol,
and not take advantage of customizations or proprietary enhancements?




        REQ-3: Invisible to IP network: It should be possible to use the
             mechanism in IP networks that are unaware of the mechanism
             and in restricted networks. Obviously, such networks will
             not be able to provide enhanced services.

Is "restricted network" the Restricted SIP networks defined earlier?  If it
must be possible to use the mechanism in restricted SIP networks yet in
those networks 
            "users may
             be restricted to particular SIP applications and cannot add
             SIP protocol elements such as header fields or use SIP
             methods beyond a proscribed set ", 
does this mean that the mechanism must be part of the default set of
allowable applications and protocol elements?  I recognize "such networks
will not be able to provide enhanced services" but I'm trying to understand
how the mechanism should be able to be used even if users are restricted
from adding protocol elements without the mechanism being part of the
default set.
  



        REQ-4: Usage of existing namespaces: Since there are a number of
             existing resource priority schemes for both the PSTN and
             private networks, it is likely that converged or VoIP
             networks will inherit these naming schemes.

        REQ-5: No loss of information: For the CN-IP-CN case, there
             should be no loss of signaling information caused by
             transiting the IP network.
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-----Original Message-----
From: King, Kimberly S. [mailto:KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com]
Sent: Monday, September 30, 2002 2:04 PM
To: Ieprep (E-mail)
Subject: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10


Below are additional requirements from Henning's document
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-sip-reqs-00.txt .  I
asked questions of 9 and 10.  Any comments on any of these requirements?

        REQ-6: Extensibility: New naming schemes may need to be defined
             as resource priority mechanism are applied in additional
             private networks, or if a VoIP-specific priority scheme is
             being defined.

[JPG] New priority schemes may be  defined in the Circuit Switched Network,
and will need to be able to interact with IP networks

        REQ-7: Separation of indication and policy: The indication
             should not describe a particular detailed treatment, as it
             is likely that this depends on the nature of the resource
             and local policy.  Instead, it should invoke a particular
             named policy. As an example, instead of specifying that a
             certain SIP request should be granted queueing priority,
             not cause preemption, but be restricted to three-minute
             sessions, the requests invokes a certain named policy that
             may well have those properties.

[JPG] Just a side note that this distinction also exists in the CSN side.
For instance setting the Precedence (aka MLPP) parameter results in quite
different behavior in a GSM mobile carrier's (wire line) network from the
behavior in a DOD network.  This also means that a CSN/IP gateway may need
to consider the source/destination of the indication in implementing any
associated policy.

        REQ-8: Request-neutral: The mechanism chosen should work for any
             SIP request, not just, say, INVITE. It is then a matter of
             policy as to whether marking a particular SIP request leads
             to differentiated treatment or whether a particular SIP
             request needs to request such treatment by non-SIP means.

        REQ-9: Default behavior: Network terminals configured to use
             priority scheme may occasionally end up making calls in a
             network that does not support such a scheme or the terminal
             may have an older list of priorities in a namespace. In
             those cases, the protocol must support a sensible default
             behavior that maximizes the chance for call completion
             without compromising network integrity.

What is a sensible default behavior that maximizes the chance for call
completion under circumstances where networks or terminals don't understand
the scheme or have outdated information?  Is regular SIP default call setup
an acceptable solution?  If not, does someone have an example solution of
something satisfying the above requirement?

[JPG] Again, a side note that may or may not be directly relevant. In the
CSN, some priority schemes are "fail open" and some are not.  I suspect a
single type of "default behavior" for all priority schemes involving IP
Telephony will not be appropriate.  

        REQ-10: Address-neutral: The mechanism cannot rely on
             identifying a set of destination addresses or URI schemes.
             For example, in GETS-like schemes, the caller can reach any
             PSTN destination with increased probability of call
             completion, not just a limited set.

It appears REQ-10 adds that any address or URI scheme is a valid
destination.  Let's assume REQ-14 is accepted (we can later debate this
potential requirement in another thread covering this requirement).  

[JPG] Another  side note/clarification.  In a "GETS-like scheme", it may not
be true that  "the caller can reach any PSTN destination with increased
probability of call completion."  For instance, some users may be authorized
to make international GETS calls, and other users may be restricted to
domestic GETS calls.  But it is certainly true that the mechanism cannot
rely on a pre-identified set of destinations.

"REQ-14: Discovery: A terminal should be able to discover which
             priority name spaces are supported by a network element.
             Discovery may be explicit, where a user agent requests a
             list of the supported name spaces or it may be implicit,
             where it attempts to use a particular name space and is
             then told that this name space is not supported."

Does REQ-10, taken along with  REQ-14, say all network elements must
understand the mechanism (at least enough to provide a list of supported
name spaces or enough to be tell the name space is not supported)?
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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10
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> [JPG] New priority schemes may be  defined in the Circuit Switched Network,
> and will need to be able to interact with IP networks

Noted.


> [JPG] Just a side note that this distinction also exists in the CSN side.
> For instance setting the Precedence (aka MLPP) parameter results in quite
> different behavior in a GSM mobile carrier's (wire line) network from the
> behavior in a DOD network.  This also means that a CSN/IP gateway may need
> to consider the source/destination of the indication in implementing any
> associated policy.

Noted.

> [JPG] Again, a side note that may or may not be directly relevant. In the
> CSN, some priority schemes are "fail open" and some are not.  I suspect a
> single type of "default behavior" for all priority schemes involving IP
> Telephony will not be appropriate.  

Certainly.

> 
> [JPG] Another  side note/clarification.  In a "GETS-like scheme", it may not
> be true that  "the caller can reach any PSTN destination with increased
> probability of call completion."  For instance, some users may be authorized
> to make international GETS calls, and other users may be restricted to
> domestic GETS calls.  But it is certainly true that the mechanism cannot
> rely on a pre-identified set of destinations.

The "cannot rely on a pre-identified set" is the main point I'm trying 
to make here. Any restrictions would be a matter of local policy, but 
not a protocol mechanism.

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To: "'Henning Schulzrinne'" <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>,
        "King, Kimberly S."
	 <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
Cc: "Ieprep (E-mail)" <ieprep@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] overall issues and REQ-11 thru REQ-15
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  >         REQ-11: Identity-independent: The user identity is insufficient
>              to identify the priority level of the request. The same
>              identity can issue non-prioritized requests as well as
>              prioritized ones, with the range of priorities determined
>              by the job function of the caller. The choice of the
>              priority is made based on human judgement, following a set
>              of general rules that are likely to be applied by analogy
>              rather than precise mapping of each condition. For example,
>              a particular circumstance may be considered similarly grave
>              compared to one which is listed explicitly.
> 
Also, as we discussed in other venues, I think it would be very useful 
if one could separate the notion of identity from privilege.

[JPG]  In the US, the FCC has made it clear that any priority service on the
PUBLIC CSN must be invoked on a call by call basis, not just on the basis of
the identity of the user or the instrument.  To the extent that IP telephony
services will wish to interface  with the US public phone network, it is
ESSENTIAL that the notion of identity be separated from the notion of
privilege.

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In a message dated 10/2/2002 11:31:36 AM Eastern Standard Time, 
KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com writes:


> First, some overall issues:  
> 
> High-level Question:
> 
> What involvement is needed by the local IP network or SIP carrier
> for the user to make use of a gateway's ability to invoke GETS, MLPP or some
> other service on the CSN?
> 
> <snip>
> 
> CASE B:  The gateway does support the priority scheme.  At that point, it is
> a matter of policy, if the gateway and user do some exchange
> authentication/authorization and gives the user preferential access to a
> gateway port.  Then the 710 call is routed to the CSN.  The IP network or
> SIP carrier may have no particular relationship with the user.
> 


[MAP] As described above in Case B, seems this is a case in which the gateway 
supports only a part of the service (authenticates the user who dialed 710-, 
but doesn't handle entry of the actual destination number. As commented 
before, this should not be an accaptable operation, since it requires the 
user to perform 2 authentication functions, one with the gateway and one with 
the CSN that gets the 710- call and then requests entry of the real 
destination number.

> <snip>
> 
> When moving MLPP to an IP environment (a.k.a. Assured Service) then it
> appears
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-sipping-assured-service-02.
> txt
> 
> "It must be possible to verify that the calling party is authorized to
>    use the Assured Service and the requested precedence level value and
>    to take the appropriate action if the calling party attempts to use a
>    higher level."  
> The network operator and the assured service user seem to have a known
> established relationship.  It is my understanding (and I could be wrong)
> that Assured Service is to be deployed on a priviate network where the local
> IP networks and SIP carrier have an known relationship with the user.
> 



[MAP] This basic requirement to authenticate the user may be satisfied in 
different ways. Yes, Assured Service is intended for a "private network", but 
unfortunately, that term is losing its meaning, or becoming non-explicit. 
Yes, the network operator and the user must have a known relationship. (Note 
that this presumes that there really is a "network operator" here.)

> Do the requirements assume any underlying relationship between the local IP
> network or SIP carrier and the user?  


[MAP] Yes, there must also be a known relationship here.


> Onward...the remaining requirements
> 
>         REQ-11: Identity-independent: The user identity is insufficient
>              to identify the priority level of the request. The same
>              identity can issue non-prioritized requests as well as
>              prioritized ones, with the range of priorities determined
>              by the job function of the caller. The choice of the
>              priority is made based on human judgement, following a set
>              of general rules that are likely to be applied by analogy
>              rather than precise mapping of each condition. For example,
>              a particular circumstance may be considered similarly grave
>              compared to one which is listed explicitly.
> 
> 
> Comment:  I think we are in new territory here.  With MLPP, certain lines
> are provisioned to be able to make calls at a prescribed level(s).  With
> traditional landline circuit-switched GETS, the user identity (+ PIN) is
> sufficient to identify the priority of the call.  In the U.K's Government
> Telephone Preference Scheme, lines are divided into classes to determine
> what lines get to place outgoing calls.  So, I presume REQ-11 is directed
> 


[MAP] GETS had only one level because of the signaling limitations at the 
time. IEPS should be approached from the assumption that some users would 
need multiple levels, like MLPP, so that the priority is not automatically 
implied by the user identity.

<snip>
> 
>         REQ-15: Testing: It must be possible to test the system outside
>              of emergency conditions, to increase the chances that all
>              elements work during an actual emergency. In particular,
>              critical elements such as indication, authentication,
>              authorization and call routing must be testable.
> 
> I suspect what is really being requested is that the mechanism isn't
> something that is switched on only during emergencies but rather something
> that is always available if requested (and hence can be tested outside of
> 


[MAP} One could instead state the obvious requirement: "The system must be 
turned on at all times, that is, it must not require service provider actions 
to enable its use."

Mike Pierce
Artel



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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/2/2002 11:31:36 AM Eastern Standard Time, KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">First, some overall issues: &nbsp;
<BR>
<BR>High-level Question:
<BR>
<BR>What involvement is needed by the local IP network or SIP carrier
<BR>for the user to make use of a gateway's ability to invoke GETS, MLPP or some
<BR>other service on the CSN?
<BR>
<BR>&lt;snip&gt;
<BR>
<BR>CASE B: &nbsp;The gateway does support the priority scheme. &nbsp;At that point, it is
<BR>a matter of policy, if the gateway and user do some exchange
<BR>authentication/authorization and gives the user preferential access to a
<BR>gateway port. &nbsp;Then the 710 call is routed to the CSN. &nbsp;The IP network or
<BR>SIP carrier may have no particular relationship with the user.
<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] As described above in Case B, seems this is a case in which the gateway supports only a part of the service (authenticates the user who dialed 710-, but doesn't handle entry of the actual destination number. As commented before, this should not be an accaptable operation, since it requires the user to perform 2 authentication functions, one with the gateway and one with the CSN that gets the 710- call and then requests entry of the real destination number.
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">&lt;snip&gt;
<BR>
<BR>When moving MLPP to an IP environment (a.k.a. Assured Service) then it
<BR>appears
<BR>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-sipping-assured-service-02.
<BR>txt
<BR>
<BR>"It must be possible to verify that the calling party is authorized to
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;use the Assured Service and the requested precedence level value and
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;to take the appropriate action if the calling party attempts to use a
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;higher level." &nbsp;
<BR>The network operator and the assured service user seem to have a known
<BR>established relationship. &nbsp;It is my understanding (and I could be wrong)
<BR>that Assured Service is to be deployed on a priviate network where the local
<BR>IP networks and SIP carrier have an known relationship with the user.
<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] This basic requirement to authenticate the user may be satisfied in different ways. Yes, Assured Service is intended for a "private network", but unfortunately, that term is losing its meaning, or becoming non-explicit. Yes, the network operator and the user must have a known relationship. (Note that this presumes that there really is a "network operator" here.)
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Do the requirements assume any underlying relationship between the local IP
<BR>network or SIP carrier and the user? &nbsp;Should they? </BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] Yes, there must also be a known relationship here.
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Onward...the remaining requirements
<BR>
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;REQ-11: Identity-independent: The user identity is insufficient
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to identify the priority level of the request. The same
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;identity can issue non-prioritized requests as well as
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;prioritized ones, with the range of priorities determined
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;by the job function of the caller. The choice of the
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;priority is made based on human judgement, following a set
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of general rules that are likely to be applied by analogy
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rather than precise mapping of each condition. For example,
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a particular circumstance may be considered similarly grave
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;compared to one which is listed explicitly.
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>Comment: &nbsp;I think we are in new territory here. &nbsp;With MLPP, certain lines
<BR>are provisioned to be able to make calls at a prescribed level(s). &nbsp;With
<BR>traditional landline circuit-switched GETS, the user identity (+ PIN) is
<BR>sufficient to identify the priority of the call. &nbsp;In the U.K's Government
<BR>Telephone Preference Scheme, lines are divided into classes to determine
<BR>what lines get to place outgoing calls. &nbsp;So, I presume REQ-11 is directed
<BR>solely at the Topology B--IP at the Start?</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] GETS had only one level because of the signaling limitations at the time. IEPS should be approached from the assumption that some users would need multiple levels, like MLPP, so that the priority is not automatically implied by the user identity.
<BR>
<BR>&lt;snip&gt;
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;REQ-15: Testing: It must be possible to test the system outside
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of emergency conditions, to increase the chances that all
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;elements work during an actual emergency. In particular,
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;critical elements such as indication, authentication,
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;authorization and call routing must be testable.
<BR>
<BR>I suspect what is really being requested is that the mechanism isn't
<BR>something that is switched on only during emergencies but rather something
<BR>that is always available if requested (and hence can be tested outside of
<BR>emergency situations).</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP} One could instead state the obvious requirement: "The system must be turned on at all times, that is, it must not require service provider actions to enable its use."
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR>
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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In a message dated 9/30/2002 2:10:22 PM Eastern Standard Time, 
KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com writes:


>         REQ-7: Separation of indication and policy: The indication
>              should not describe a particular detailed treatment, as it
>              is likely that this depends on the nature of the resource
>              and local policy.  Instead, it should invoke a particular
>              named policy. As an example, instead of specifying that a
>              certain SIP request should be granted queueing priority,
>              not cause preemption, but be restricted to three-minute
>              sessions, the requests invokes a certain named policy that
>              may well have those properties.
> 




The above seems so intuitively obvious to me that I wonder why it is even 
necessary to state it. Or else, maybe it has some completely different 
meaning or connotation than what I think it means.

I don't think I have heard any proposal, nor can I think of one, that would 
not comply with this, but I'm afraid it means something more to someone. I 
believe there was a comment once, which I took as only half serious, to the 
effect that one would not code a priority as "Queue me first, preempt lower 
priority traffic, don't drop my packets". (Of course, SIP actually allows 
coding like this!)

If two priority values are "low" and "high", would someone claim that this 
violates the above requirement? The "indication" certainly describes 
something about the treament.

Mike Pierce
Artel


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 9/30/2002 2:10:22 PM Eastern Standard Time, KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;REQ-7: Separation of indication and policy: The indication
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;should not describe a particular detailed treatment, as it
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is likely that this depends on the nature of the resource
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and local policy. &nbsp;Instead, it should invoke a particular
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;named policy. As an example, instead of specifying that a
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;certain SIP request should be granted queueing priority,
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not cause preemption, but be restricted to three-minute
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sessions, the requests invokes a certain named policy that
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;may well have those properties.
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>The above seems so intuitively obvious to me that I wonder why it is even necessary to state it. Or else, maybe it has some completely different meaning or connotation than what I think it means.
<BR>
<BR>I don't think I have heard any proposal, nor can I think of one, that would not comply with this, but I'm afraid it means something more to someone. I believe there was a comment once, which I took as only half serious, to the effect that one would not code a priority as "Queue me first, preempt lower priority traffic, don't drop my packets". (Of course, SIP actually allows coding like this!)
<BR>
<BR>If two priority values are "low" and "high", would someone claim that this violates the above requirement? The "indication" certainly describes something about the treament.
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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> The above seems so intuitively obvious to me that I wonder why it is 
> even necessary to state it. Or else, maybe it has some completely 
> different meaning or connotation than what I think it means.

There was fear that this might not be obvious to all.

> 
> I don't think I have heard any proposal, nor can I think of one, that 
> would not comply with this, but I'm afraid it means something more to 
> someone. I believe there was a comment once, which I took as only half 
> serious, to the effect that one would not code a priority as "Queue me 
> first, preempt lower priority traffic, don't drop my packets". (Of 
> course, SIP actually allows coding like this!)
> 
> If two priority values are "low" and "high", would someone claim that 
> this violates the above requirement? The "indication" certainly 
> describes something about the treament.

I think the litmus test is that one should be able to specify, for each 
such label, at least two independent and interoperable implementations 
that are different in the behavioral details (such as queueing, 
dropping, rerouting, traffic controls, etc.).

On the other hand, I don't think we can rule out that if some 
three-letter agency specifies the implementation precisely ("must 
implement absolute priority with preemption of existing calls"), that 
this is always achievable.

The classical example that would not necessarily satisfy this 
requirement would be the old IPv4 TOS bits ("low delay", "high 
reliability").

Also, in order to make progress, it may be useful to "forgive" some 
obviousness in the document and heave this thing (after another round) 
over the fence to SIPPING, even if one could save a few bytes in the RFC 
and I-D archive.

> 
> Mike Pierce
> Artel

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From: "King, Kimberly  S." <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
To: "'Mpierce1@aol.com'" <Mpierce1@aol.com>, KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com,
        ieprep@ietf.org
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Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2002 09:28:19 -0400

Mike,

"The above seems so intuitively obvious to me that I wonder why it is even
necessary to state it. Or else, maybe it has some completely different
meaning or connotation than what I think it means. "

It may have a different meaning.  It makes sense to allow labels in
standards.  For example, I might want to have labels saying CodeBlue,
CodeRed, CodeGreen.  These labels just make it easy to identify things.  

But it is policy that gives them meaning and policy might be different in
your network than mine.  You might say CodeBlue traffic means "Queue me
first, drop lower priority traffic before dropping my packets" where you
define lower priority is CodeGreen.  I might have a different policy on my
network.  

Also, you might find the policy didn't produce the behavior that you wanted.
You don't need to change the standard, you just change your local policy
(the way you allocate resources and the allocation can be based upon
classifications given by labels).  

So, while the point might seem obvious, I think it is worth stating.  It
comes from some IETF history where policies were enmeshed with labels and
things didn't work out.

I hope this helps. 

Kimberly
-----Original Message-----
From: Mpierce1@aol.com [mailto:Mpierce1@aol.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 09, 2002 9:05 AM
To: KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com; ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10


In a message dated 9/30/2002 2:10:22 PM Eastern Standard Time,
KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com writes: 



       REQ-7: Separation of indication and policy: The indication 
            should not describe a particular detailed treatment, as it 
            is likely that this depends on the nature of the resource 
            and local policy.  Instead, it should invoke a particular 
            named policy. As an example, instead of specifying that a 
            certain SIP request should be granted queueing priority, 
            not cause preemption, but be restricted to three-minute 
            sessions, the requests invokes a certain named policy that 
            may well have those properties. 






The above seems so intuitively obvious to me that I wonder why it is even
necessary to state it. Or else, maybe it has some completely different
meaning or connotation than what I think it means. 

I don't think I have heard any proposal, nor can I think of one, that would
not comply with this, but I'm afraid it means something more to someone. I
believe there was a comment once, which I took as only half serious, to the
effect that one would not code a priority as "Queue me first, preempt lower
priority traffic, don't drop my packets". (Of course, SIP actually allows
coding like this!) 

If two priority values are "low" and "high", would someone claim that this
violates the above requirement? The "indication" certainly describes
something about the treament. 

Mike Pierce 
Artel 
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Date: Wed, 09 Oct 2002 14:48:59 +0100


> Also, in order to make progress, it may be useful to "forgive" some 
> obviousness in the document and heave this thing (after another round) 
> over the fence to SIPPING, even if one could save a few bytes in the RFC 
> and I-D archive.

yes, please do!!! 

-ken


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Date: Wed, 09 Oct 2002 07:35:05 -0700

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Mike,

I also think there is value in isolating the labels from the policy. If I had an
ordered list of priorities such as 1, 2, 3, ...N. It would be difficult to
introduce a new label and policy in the middle such as 2.5.

Also, the policies associated with a pair of labels may result in different
treatment based on the wishes of the user, but not imply that one label had
"more preference" than the other.

"King, Kimberly S." wrote:

> Mike,
>
> "The above seems so intuitively obvious to me that I wonder why it is even
> necessary to state it. Or else, maybe it has some completely different
> meaning or connotation than what I think it means. "
>
> It may have a different meaning.  It makes sense to allow labels in
> standards.  For example, I might want to have labels saying CodeBlue,
> CodeRed, CodeGreen.  These labels just make it easy to identify things.
>
> But it is policy that gives them meaning and policy might be different in
> your network than mine.  You might say CodeBlue traffic means "Queue me
> first, drop lower priority traffic before dropping my packets" where you
> define lower priority is CodeGreen.  I might have a different policy on my
> network.
>
> Also, you might find the policy didn't produce the behavior that you wanted.
> You don't need to change the standard, you just change your local policy
> (the way you allocate resources and the allocation can be based upon
> classifications given by labels).
>
> So, while the point might seem obvious, I think it is worth stating.  It
> comes from some IETF history where policies were enmeshed with labels and
> things didn't work out.
>
> I hope this helps.
>
> Kimberly
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Mpierce1@aol.com [mailto:Mpierce1@aol.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, October 09, 2002 9:05 AM
> To: KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com; ieprep@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10
>
> In a message dated 9/30/2002 2:10:22 PM Eastern Standard Time,
> KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com writes:
>
>        REQ-7: Separation of indication and policy: The indication
>             should not describe a particular detailed treatment, as it
>             is likely that this depends on the nature of the resource
>             and local policy.  Instead, it should invoke a particular
>             named policy. As an example, instead of specifying that a
>             certain SIP request should be granted queueing priority,
>             not cause preemption, but be restricted to three-minute
>             sessions, the requests invokes a certain named policy that
>             may well have those properties.
>
> The above seems so intuitively obvious to me that I wonder why it is even
> necessary to state it. Or else, maybe it has some completely different
> meaning or connotation than what I think it means.
>
> I don't think I have heard any proposal, nor can I think of one, that would
> not comply with this, but I'm afraid it means something more to someone. I
> believe there was a comment once, which I took as only half serious, to the
> effect that one would not code a priority as "Queue me first, preempt lower
> priority traffic, don't drop my packets". (Of course, SIP actually allows
> coding like this!)
>
> If two priority values are "low" and "high", would someone claim that this
> violates the above requirement? The "indication" certainly describes
> something about the treament.
>
> Mike Pierce
> Artel
> _______________________________________________
> Ieprep mailing list
> Ieprep@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep

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Subject: [Ieprep] policy & labels
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there has been a recurring discussion about policy and labels -- people
for it, against it, confused by its separation, etc.  so it may be helpful
to have a separate discussion about the subject so that we can put it to 
rest andmove on to other stuff.

so, to start the fun, lets see how the following statement grabs folks...

-------------------------------

  The process of distinguishing traffic by means of a label can be
  accomplished in one of two ways.  The first is with a single label, 
  which acts as a binary on/off indicator distinguishing a set of
  data/flows from all other data/flows.  The characteristics (e.g., drop 
  precedence) that one may apply to this single labeled traffic versus 
  all other traffic is what is refered to as policy.  In addition, the 
  type of traffic (VoIP, ftp, http, etc.) associated with a label is a
  separate issue and defined via a policy.  
 
  Another way of distinguishing traffic is to use a set of *related* 
  labels. This set may convey various measures of a characteristic that 
  is internal to that set.  An example of this case is the Assured 
  Forwarding (AF) Per-Hop-Behavior (PHB) group of code points defined in
  RFC2597.  Within each AF class, M different levels of drop level 
  precedence may be assigned to an IP packet.  Note that the exact level 
  of drop precendence is not defined for any level.  Further, different 
  classes, and different PHBs, are unrelated.
 
  From this example, we can make a more general statement and say that 
  one may choose to attribute a type of characteristic to a related set 
  of labels.  However, the characteristics between one set of defined 
  labels to all other sets of unrelated labels is separate and not part 
  of the defined label set.  

-------------------------------


Does the above seem reasonable statement to make?  Does it need to be
more precise, more constrained, less constrained? 

let thine arrows fly forth :-)

-ken


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In a message dated 10/9/2002 12:08:24 PM Eastern Standard Time, 
K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk writes:


> there has been a recurring discussion about policy and labels -- people
> for it, against it, confused by its separation, etc.  so it may be helpful
> to have a separate discussion about the subject so that we can put it to 
> rest andmove on to other stuff.
> 
> so, to start the fun, lets see how the following statement grabs folks...
> 
> -------------------------------
> 
>   The process of distinguishing traffic by means of a label can be
>   accomplished in one of two ways.  The first is with a single label, 
>   which acts as a binary on/off indicator distinguishing a set of
>   data/flows from all other data/flows.  The characteristics (e.g., drop 
>   precedence) that one may apply to this single labeled traffic versus 
>   all other traffic is what is refered to as policy.  In addition, the 
>   type of traffic (VoIP, ftp, http, etc.) associated with a label is a
>   separate issue and defined via a policy.  
> 
>   Another way of distinguishing traffic is to use a set of *related* 
>   labels. This set may convey various measures of a characteristic that 
>   is internal to that set.  An example of this case is the Assured 
>   Forwarding (AF) Per-Hop-Behavior (PHB) group of code points defined in
>   RFC2597.  Within each AF class, M different levels of drop level 
>   precedence may be assigned to an IP packet.  Note that the exact level 
>   of drop precendence is not defined for any level.  Further, different 
>   classes, and different PHBs, are unrelated.
> 
>   From this example, we can make a more general statement and say that 
>   one may choose to attribute a type of characteristic to a related set 
>   of labels.  However, the characteristics between one set of defined 
>   labels to all other sets of unrelated labels is separate and not part 
>   of the defined label set.  
> 
> -------------------------------
> 
> 
> Does the above seem reasonable statement to make?  Does it need to be
> more precise, more constrained, less constrained? 
> 
> let thine arrows fly forth :-)
> 
> -ken
> 



I'm sure there will be a lot of responses, which will only point out the 
confusion on this issue.

Mine: The above doesn't help me understand the point. This discussion started 
with "indication" and "policy" and my question related to what it means to 
say that there must be a "separation" between them. I know that there have 
been previous statements about "labels" and "policy" and I've been trying to 
understand what that means for some time. I've worked on signaling protocols 
for many years and no one ever had to make such a distinction. We defined 
protocols with data fields, defined values to go in those fields, and defined 
meanings for those values. And the protocol usually defined the procedures to 
go along with those meanings/values. Never a problem.

So why is this now such a big deal? I think this whole thing about "policy" 
vs" "label" (or "indication") is a non-issue and should be dropped so we can 
get on with defining what is needed.

Henning noted that the old IPv4 TOS bits ("low delay" and "high reliability") 
were examples of not satisfying this requirement, I presume meaning that the 
"indication" and "policy" are not separated. I still don't know what that 
means. If the signaling requirement is to signal two things: "low delay 
needed" or "normal delay acceptable", it makes sense to define a bit where 
the "true" value means "low delay needed". Maybe this is short-sighted if 
there were later a need to signal "medium delay required", but that doesn't 
make it wrong. In this case, it seems to me that "separation" of the 
"indication" and the "policy" would mean that the protocol definition 
(standard) would have to say:
0 = treatment a
1 = treatment b

and the "policy" in each device (not in the standard) would somehow know that:
a = normal delay
b = low delay needed

If that approach were followed for every field or piece of information in the 
protocol, the specification would look pretty silly, and I seriously doubt 
that sufficient interoperability would ever occur.

I question what this requirement means, since I think some will use it to say 
that the protocol can't define a priority parameter with values like "low", 
"medium", and "high".

Mike Pierce
Artel


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/9/2002 12:08:24 PM Eastern Standard Time, K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">there has been a recurring discussion about policy and labels -- people
<BR>for it, against it, confused by its separation, etc. &nbsp;so it may be helpful
<BR>to have a separate discussion about the subject so that we can put it to 
<BR>rest andmove on to other stuff.
<BR>
<BR>so, to start the fun, lets see how the following statement grabs folks...
<BR>
<BR>-------------------------------
<BR>
<BR> &nbsp;The process of distinguishing traffic by means of a label can be
<BR> &nbsp;accomplished in one of two ways. &nbsp;The first is with a single label, 
<BR> &nbsp;which acts as a binary on/off indicator distinguishing a set of
<BR> &nbsp;data/flows from all other data/flows. &nbsp;The characteristics (e.g., drop 
<BR> &nbsp;precedence) that one may apply to this single labeled traffic versus 
<BR> &nbsp;all other traffic is what is refered to as policy. &nbsp;In addition, the 
<BR> &nbsp;type of traffic (VoIP, ftp, http, etc.) associated with a label is a
<BR> &nbsp;separate issue and defined via a policy. &nbsp;
<BR>
<BR> &nbsp;Another way of distinguishing traffic is to use a set of *related* 
<BR> &nbsp;labels. This set may convey various measures of a characteristic that 
<BR> &nbsp;is internal to that set. &nbsp;An example of this case is the Assured 
<BR> &nbsp;Forwarding (AF) Per-Hop-Behavior (PHB) group of code points defined in
<BR> &nbsp;RFC2597. &nbsp;Within each AF class, M different levels of drop level 
<BR> &nbsp;precedence may be assigned to an IP packet. &nbsp;Note that the exact level 
<BR> &nbsp;of drop precendence is not defined for any level. &nbsp;Further, different 
<BR> &nbsp;classes, and different PHBs, are unrelated.
<BR>
<BR> &nbsp;From this example, we can make a more general statement and say that 
<BR> &nbsp;one may choose to attribute a type of characteristic to a related set 
<BR> &nbsp;of labels. &nbsp;However, the characteristics between one set of defined 
<BR> &nbsp;labels to all other sets of unrelated labels is separate and not part 
<BR> &nbsp;of the defined label set. &nbsp;
<BR>
<BR>-------------------------------
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>Does the above seem reasonable statement to make? &nbsp;Does it need to be
<BR>more precise, more constrained, less constrained? 
<BR>
<BR>let thine arrows fly forth :-)
<BR>
<BR>-ken
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>I'm sure there will be a lot of responses, which will only point out the confusion on this issue.
<BR>
<BR>Mine: The above doesn't help me understand the point. This discussion started with "indication" and "policy" and my question related to what it means to say that there must be a "separation" between them. I know that there have been previous statements about "labels" and "policy" and I've been trying to understand what that means for some time. I've worked on signaling protocols for many years and no one ever had to make such a distinction. We defined protocols with data fields, defined values to go in those fields, and defined meanings for those values. And the protocol usually defined the procedures to go along with those meanings/values. Never a problem.
<BR>
<BR>So why is this now such a big deal? I think this whole thing about "policy" vs" "label" (or "indication") is a non-issue and should be dropped so we can get on with defining what is needed.
<BR>
<BR>Henning noted that the old IPv4 TOS bits ("low delay" and "high reliability") were examples of not satisfying this requirement, I presume meaning that the "indication" and "policy" are not separated. I still don't know what that means. If the signaling requirement is to signal two things: "low delay needed" or "normal delay acceptable", it makes sense to define a bit where the "true" value means "low delay needed". Maybe this is short-sighted if there were later a need to signal "medium delay required", but that doesn't make it wrong. In this case, it seems to me that "separation" of the "indication" and the "policy" would mean that the protocol definition (standard) would have to say:
<BR>0 = treatment a
<BR>1 = treatment b
<BR>
<BR>and the "policy" in each device (not in the standard) would somehow know that:
<BR>a = normal delay
<BR>b = low delay needed
<BR>
<BR>If that approach were followed for every field or piece of information in the protocol, the specification would look pretty silly, and I seriously doubt that sufficient interoperability would ever occur.
<BR>
<BR>I question what this requirement means, since I think some will use it to say that the protocol can't define a priority parameter with values like "low", "medium", and "high".
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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My 2c (Euro):

I think there are actually two separate problems here, binding and 
specificity.

As usual in networking, this is partially a question of indirection or 
bindings, I think. Any protocol identifier value can either mean a 
specific thing or be bound to a specific interpretation at "run time" or 
per "session". This binding can be more-or-less-static, as part of some 
profile (generally bad), or dynamically signaled, as, say, the binding 
between RTP payload type numbers and codecs is in SDP. (SIP is, at 
heart, a binding protocol.) Late binding is necessary if, for efficiency 
reasons, the space of the identifier is insufficient to contain all 
possible values and if only a small set is likely to be needed at the 
same time.

This is, generally, not the case for text-based protocols, as there is 
no shortage of label space. (It's equivalent to a variable-length 
integer of unbounded length.) Thus, dynamic binding of some short 
identifier to the "real" thing is not necessary here and likely to be 
counterproductive.

If my understanding of DiffServ is correct, there is a recommended DSCP 
for each PHB, but one could bind one locally, with a yet-to-be-specified 
mechanism. One reason is that the DSCP is very short (6 bits), so 
running out of code points is a very real problem.

A separate question is the level of detail that is specified; this is 
sometimes referred to as "policy vs. mechanism". A crude way to put this 
might be "externally visible behavior vs. local implementation". For 
example, it may be sufficient to specify that "for the same call, if you 
only change the labeling, it should not get worse treatment". This 
avoids having to specify behavior which may be left to local 
capabilities, such as displacement of existing calls.

In general, I think you want the minimum amount of mechanism detail so 
as to give maximum freedom to implementations to optimize for local 
circumstances ("narrow interface"). As one example, the PHBs don't 
specify precisely how the queueing mechanism needs to be implemented or, 
as another example, IntServ guaranteed service doesn't specify the 
precise algorithm, just the externally visible behavior, even though 
there's only one known mechanism to implement it precisely.

In our case, however, we are mostly "importing" external descriptions. 
The specificity of the behavior description is given by others. SIP is 
just the messenger. This argues, in particular, that we can't just have 
a limited set of mechanisms ("don't queue", "preempt"), as that would 
make extensions difficult.  (On the other hand, if you know you can 
exhaustively specify the list of behaviors, it's clearly better to do 
that, as it reduces the number of failure cases. You can then test for 
all bit combinations and know that nobody can surprise you.)

It does not, in my opinion, rule out a reference to a very detailed 
scheme. Similarly, in principle, you could have fairly detailed PHB 
descriptions that govern all relevant packet treatment. Indeed, recent 
history is an indication that too abstract a specification may not be 
implementable at all, leading to a more precise (and thus constraining) 
specification. Clearly, this is not a bright line, to the left of which 
lies sainthood and to the right religious dogma. (One could draw 
parallels that religious denominations come to different conclusions as 
to how much their relevant texts are policy vs. mechanism, but I won't 
go there.)

I don't think anybody in the group is arguing that we should have an 
exhaustive set of behavior descriptions, where the labeling is some 
combination of these parameters. This does not mean that, as argued 
above, that you need to apply additional layers of indirection.

At the danger of more analogies, the problem is not dissimilar to 
including URIs with multiple schemes (which SIP does a lot...). Relevant 
end systems need to know what to do with them, but the protocol itself 
can be fairly open to new ones, without affecting the core protocol 
functionality itself.


Ken Carlberg wrote:
> there has been a recurring discussion about policy and labels -- people
> for it, against it, confused by its separation, etc.  so it may be helpful
> to have a separate discussion about the subject so that we can put it to 
> rest andmove on to other stuff.
> 
> so, to start the fun, lets see how the following statement grabs folks...
> 
> -------------------------------
> 
>   The process of distinguishing traffic by means of a label can be
>   accomplished in one of two ways.  The first is with a single label, 
>   which acts as a binary on/off indicator distinguishing a set of
>   data/flows from all other data/flows.  The characteristics (e.g., drop 
>   precedence) that one may apply to this single labeled traffic versus 
>   all other traffic is what is refered to as policy.  In addition, the 
>   type of traffic (VoIP, ftp, http, etc.) associated with a label is a
>   separate issue and defined via a policy.  
>  
>   Another way of distinguishing traffic is to use a set of *related* 
>   labels. This set may convey various measures of a characteristic that 
>   is internal to that set.  An example of this case is the Assured 
>   Forwarding (AF) Per-Hop-Behavior (PHB) group of code points defined in
>   RFC2597.  Within each AF class, M different levels of drop level 
>   precedence may be assigned to an IP packet.  Note that the exact level 
>   of drop precendence is not defined for any level.  Further, different 
>   classes, and different PHBs, are unrelated.
>  
>   From this example, we can make a more general statement and say that 
>   one may choose to attribute a type of characteristic to a related set 
>   of labels.  However, the characteristics between one set of defined 
>   labels to all other sets of unrelated labels is separate and not part 
>   of the defined label set.  
> 
> -------------------------------
> 
> 
> Does the above seem reasonable statement to make?  Does it need to be
> more precise, more constrained, less constrained? 
> 
> let thine arrows fly forth :-)
> 
> -ken
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ieprep mailing list
> Ieprep@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu Oct 10 11:57:03 2002
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From: "Gunn, Janet" <Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com>
To: "'Ken Carlberg'" <K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk>, ieprep@ietf.org
Cc: rja@extremenetworks.com
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] policy & labels
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Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 11:54:12 -0400

OK, I am going to be as simplistic as possible.

At the root of it, there need to be enough different labels that there is at
least a one-to-one mapping (could be many-to-one) from label to policy in
any given environment. 

If we want to have N different policies in a given environment, there must
be at least N different labels. An "environment" could be the whole
Internet, a particular subnetwork, or even a single router or gateway.

 This does not prevent a single label being associated with several
different policies in several different environments, though this should
generally be discouraged (for human comprehension reasons as much as
anything), except when the policies are very closely related. 

So, we need to have figured out in advance how many different policies we
will want in effect in a given environment.  Then we can figure out what
parameters are needed to create those labels.

(I am using "labels" in a broad sense.  If you have two parameters, each of
which can have 3 values, I would call that 9 labels.)


-----Original Message-----
From: Ken Carlberg [mailto:K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk]
Sent: Wednesday, October 09, 2002 12:06 PM
To: ieprep@ietf.org
Cc: rja@extremenetworks.com
Subject: [Ieprep] policy & labels



there has been a recurring discussion about policy and labels -- people
for it, against it, confused by its separation, etc.  so it may be helpful
to have a separate discussion about the subject so that we can put it to 
rest andmove on to other stuff.

so, to start the fun, lets see how the following statement grabs folks...

-------------------------------

  The process of distinguishing traffic by means of a label can be
  accomplished in one of two ways.  The first is with a single label, 
  which acts as a binary on/off indicator distinguishing a set of
  data/flows from all other data/flows.  The characteristics (e.g., drop 
  precedence) that one may apply to this single labeled traffic versus 
  all other traffic is what is refered to as policy.  In addition, the 
  type of traffic (VoIP, ftp, http, etc.) associated with a label is a
  separate issue and defined via a policy.  
 
  Another way of distinguishing traffic is to use a set of *related* 
  labels. This set may convey various measures of a characteristic that 
  is internal to that set.  An example of this case is the Assured 
  Forwarding (AF) Per-Hop-Behavior (PHB) group of code points defined in
  RFC2597.  Within each AF class, M different levels of drop level 
  precedence may be assigned to an IP packet.  Note that the exact level 
  of drop precendence is not defined for any level.  Further, different 
  classes, and different PHBs, are unrelated.
 
  From this example, we can make a more general statement and say that 
  one may choose to attribute a type of characteristic to a related set 
  of labels.  However, the characteristics between one set of defined 
  labels to all other sets of unrelated labels is separate and not part 
  of the defined label set.  

-------------------------------


Does the above seem reasonable statement to make?  Does it need to be
more precise, more constrained, less constrained? 

let thine arrows fly forth :-)

-ken


_______________________________________________
Ieprep mailing list
Ieprep@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep



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Since in our context, the label supply is infinite, I'm not sure we need 
to worry about this particular issue. There are more labels than IPv6 
addresses, the Internet's definition of infinite :-)

Gunn, Janet wrote:
> OK, I am going to be as simplistic as possible.
> 
> At the root of it, there need to be enough different labels that there is at
> least a one-to-one mapping (could be many-to-one) from label to policy in
> any given environment. 
> 
> If we want to have N different policies in a given environment, there must
> be at least N different labels. An "environment" could be the whole
> Internet, a particular subnetwork, or even a single router or gateway.
> 
>  This does not prevent a single label being associated with several
> different policies in several different environments, though this should
> generally be discouraged (for human comprehension reasons as much as
> anything), except when the policies are very closely related. 
> 
> So, we need to have figured out in advance how many different policies we
> will want in effect in a given environment.  Then we can figure out what
> parameters are needed to create those labels.
> 
> (I am using "labels" in a broad sense.  If you have two parameters, each of
> which can have 3 values, I would call that 9 labels.)
> 
> 

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Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 12:07:56 -0400


True, but in order to be useful (both for human and machine comprehension)
there then needs to be a structure to the set of labels, and we need to get
approval to use them that way.  So I still think that identifying the
policies we will want to implement is an important part of figuring out how
we want to structure the labels.


-----Original Message-----
From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
Sent: Thursday, October 10, 2002 11:58 AM
To: Gunn, Janet
Cc: 'Ken Carlberg'; ieprep@ietf.org; rja@extremenetworks.com
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] policy & labels


Since in our context, the label supply is infinite, I'm not sure we need 
to worry about this particular issue. There are more labels than IPv6 
addresses, the Internet's definition of infinite :-)

Gunn, Janet wrote:
> OK, I am going to be as simplistic as possible.
> 
> At the root of it, there need to be enough different labels that there is
at
> least a one-to-one mapping (could be many-to-one) from label to policy in
> any given environment. 
> 
> If we want to have N different policies in a given environment, there must
> be at least N different labels. An "environment" could be the whole
> Internet, a particular subnetwork, or even a single router or gateway.
> 
>  This does not prevent a single label being associated with several
> different policies in several different environments, though this should
> generally be discouraged (for human comprehension reasons as much as
> anything), except when the policies are very closely related. 
> 
> So, we need to have figured out in advance how many different policies we
> will want in effect in a given environment.  Then we can figure out what
> parameters are needed to create those labels.
> 
> (I am using "labels" in a broad sense.  If you have two parameters, each
of
> which can have 3 values, I would call that 9 labels.)
> 
> 
_______________________________________________
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Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 12:22:21 -0400
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While I'll get slapped with a wet noodle for mentioning solutions, I had 
   proposed a scheme, namely namespace.label, which may satisfy your 
requirements. 'namespace' identifies the name space (such as GETS). This 
allows everybody to have a high, low and medium label. Since there 
doesn't seem to be an existing name space, namespaces and labels would 
be registered with IANA. The number is likely going to be small.

Gunn, Janet wrote:
> True, but in order to be useful (both for human and machine comprehension)
> there then needs to be a structure to the set of labels, and we need to get
> approval to use them that way.  So I still think that identifying the
> policies we will want to implement is an important part of figuring out how
> we want to structure the labels.
> 
>

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To: "Gunn, Janet" <Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com>,
        "'Ken Carlberg'" <K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk>, ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] policy & labels
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Before we all get too carried away, at least some consciousness of prior art 
is worthwhile.

A decade ago, Alf Weaver (UVa) was doing simulation research with FDDI which 
has 8 priority levels.  I can't be terribly specific about why (discharged 
grey matter RAM cells), but Alf found that any more than 4 levels of priority 
and things lost definition -- you passed the point of diminishing returns.  
Something like "if you have a mixed load of frames of all 8 priority levels, 
the first three get treated properly; the rest all tumble into a common".  
	IEEE 802.5 token rings also have 4 levels of priority; to my knowledge never 
ever used.  The Mil version of X.25 had four as well, mirroring the military 
messaging system (see below).  Carefully written into the MilStd; probably 
never used. 
 	(Priority labeling in LANs is a rightfully neglected area -- we've been 
killing the problem by throwing bandwidth at it.  But this observation is not 
true across complex internets or radio-WANs).
	XTP was an also-ran transport protocol  (again about a decade old) that had 
the attribute of reliable multicast (which TCP can't do).  XTP had a whole 
byte set aside for priority indicators.  Never matured enough that anybody 
used the priority features, so what this 'DSCP' meant was never defined.  But 
everybody that worked on the protocol agreed that a single byte was far more 
than we'd actually need.  
	The list can get longer, but the trend appears to be that anything over four 
levels is overkill ... even if those priority labels are actually used.  


The DS byte in IPv4 used to be known as the Type of Service byte (before we 
actually started using it) and had the whole 8 bits theoretically available.  
2**8 was clearly more than anybody was going to need ... things slimmed down 
as differential services became a real cross-ISP implementation issue.


The military's messaging system has had four levels of precedence (five if 
you look in the really find print in the comms manual).  Flash (z), immediate 
(o), priority (p) and routine (r) - the fifth was known as Flash Override (y) 
and available only to JCS -- the switching system was at least in theory 
supposed to know that and react accordingly.  These precedence indicators 
were equally available (excepting y) to users and network managers (aka 
radiomen) for both substantive and net management traffic.  
	The military's messaging system has run at capacity for years -- there's a 
Parkinson's Law effect in operation here.  The shortcomings in the system 
never have seemed to be rooted in a dearth of precedence indicators -- there 
are enough, but rather in precedence creep where everybody is cheating to 
keep up with the other cheaters.  (The other form of cheating was to use the 
precedence indicator as an attention-getter rather than a QoS needs 
indicator).
	Reality check: this formal messaging system has been in place for 40 years 
-- at least since 1968 when Autodin debuted.  There is still a lot of 
operational infrastructure that uses it, but it's now rapidly becoming 
obsolete.  The few times I actually see formal message traffic these days, 
it's wrapped up in an e-mail envelope so the precedence indicator becomes 
part of the body of a composite message and is invisible to the e-mail 
handling system or it's underlying plumbing.  


Any help?


On Thursday 10 October 2002 08:54 am, Gunn, Janet wrote:
> OK, I am going to be as simplistic as possible.
>
> At the root of it, there need to be enough different labels that there is
> at least a one-to-one mapping (could be many-to-one) from label to policy
> in any given environment.

-- 
b
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Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 13:52:35 -0400

While they are all "labels", I think there are two qualitatively different
things- categories of traffic within a given policy (e.g., the priority
levels within MLPP), and the number of different policies (e.g., pre-emption
at call set up, queueing at call setup, per packet queueing discipline at
transit nodes)

-----Original Message-----
From: Rex Buddenberg [mailto:budden@nps.navy.mil]
Sent: Thursday, October 10, 2002 12:50 PM
To: Gunn, Janet; 'Ken Carlberg'; ieprep@ietf.org
Cc: rja@extremenetworks.com
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] policy & labels


Before we all get too carried away, at least some consciousness of prior art

is worthwhile.

A decade ago, Alf Weaver (UVa) was doing simulation research with FDDI which

has 8 priority levels.  I can't be terribly specific about why (discharged 
grey matter RAM cells), but Alf found that any more than 4 levels of
priority 
and things lost definition -- you passed the point of diminishing returns.  
Something like "if you have a mixed load of frames of all 8 priority levels,

the first three get treated properly; the rest all tumble into a common".  
	IEEE 802.5 token rings also have 4 levels of priority; to my
knowledge never 
ever used.  The Mil version of X.25 had four as well, mirroring the military

messaging system (see below).  Carefully written into the MilStd; probably 
never used. 
 	(Priority labeling in LANs is a rightfully neglected area -- we've
been 
killing the problem by throwing bandwidth at it.  But this observation is
not 
true across complex internets or radio-WANs).
	XTP was an also-ran transport protocol  (again about a decade old)
that had 
the attribute of reliable multicast (which TCP can't do).  XTP had a whole 
byte set aside for priority indicators.  Never matured enough that anybody 
used the priority features, so what this 'DSCP' meant was never defined.
But 
everybody that worked on the protocol agreed that a single byte was far more

than we'd actually need.  
	The list can get longer, but the trend appears to be that anything
over four 
levels is overkill ... even if those priority labels are actually used.  


The DS byte in IPv4 used to be known as the Type of Service byte (before we 
actually started using it) and had the whole 8 bits theoretically available.

2**8 was clearly more than anybody was going to need ... things slimmed down

as differential services became a real cross-ISP implementation issue.


The military's messaging system has had four levels of precedence (five if 
you look in the really find print in the comms manual).  Flash (z),
immediate 
(o), priority (p) and routine (r) - the fifth was known as Flash Override
(y) 
and available only to JCS -- the switching system was at least in theory 
supposed to know that and react accordingly.  These precedence indicators 
were equally available (excepting y) to users and network managers (aka 
radiomen) for both substantive and net management traffic.  
	The military's messaging system has run at capacity for years --
there's a 
Parkinson's Law effect in operation here.  The shortcomings in the system 
never have seemed to be rooted in a dearth of precedence indicators -- there

are enough, but rather in precedence creep where everybody is cheating to 
keep up with the other cheaters.  (The other form of cheating was to use the

precedence indicator as an attention-getter rather than a QoS needs 
indicator).
	Reality check: this formal messaging system has been in place for 40
years 
-- at least since 1968 when Autodin debuted.  There is still a lot of 
operational infrastructure that uses it, but it's now rapidly becoming 
obsolete.  The few times I actually see formal message traffic these days, 
it's wrapped up in an e-mail envelope so the precedence indicator becomes 
part of the body of a composite message and is invisible to the e-mail 
handling system or it's underlying plumbing.  


Any help?


On Thursday 10 October 2002 08:54 am, Gunn, Janet wrote:
> OK, I am going to be as simplistic as possible.
>
> At the root of it, there need to be enough different labels that there is
> at least a one-to-one mapping (could be many-to-one) from label to policy
> in any given environment.

-- 
b
_______________________________________________
Ieprep mailing list
Ieprep@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep



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To: "'Henning Schulzrinne'" <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
Cc: "'Ken Carlberg'" <K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk>, ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] policy & labels
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Yes, that satisfies it (as do a number of other schemes).  But is there a
one-to-one mapping between namespace and policy?  If I remember correctly, I
thought I was corrected when I used "GETS" as an example of a name space.
-----Original Message-----
From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
Sent: Thursday, October 10, 2002 12:22 PM
To: Gunn, Janet
Cc: 'Ken Carlberg'; ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] policy & labels


While I'll get slapped with a wet noodle for mentioning solutions, I had 
   proposed a scheme, namely namespace.label, which may satisfy your 
requirements. 'namespace' identifies the name space (such as GETS). This 
allows everybody to have a high, low and medium label. Since there 
doesn't seem to be an existing name space, namespaces and labels would 
be registered with IANA. The number is likely going to be small.

Gunn, Janet wrote:
> True, but in order to be useful (both for human and machine comprehension)
> there then needs to be a structure to the set of labels, and we need to
get
> approval to use them that way.  So I still think that identifying the
> policies we will want to implement is an important part of figuring out
how
> we want to structure the labels.
> 
>
_______________________________________________
Ieprep mailing list
Ieprep@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep



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Folks,

This is a very enlightening discussion so far.

I did get a bit concerned when it drifted toward having an infinite number of
labels since it may be useful if the labels could be mapped at the gateway to
the legacy PSTN where infinity within the protocol is not as popular. I agree
with the concept that based on prior experience there is likely not to be an
unlimited number of labels. Recent ITU-T contributions on the PSTN side were
looking at a half dozen values being defined with an octet for the field  thus
leaving 250 unassigned values.

It is my sense that not binding policy to the labels too early will allow a
greater richness in the policy agreements (SLA's) that can be reached between
the near end and far end for service, and the ability to more easily modify them
over time and as more entrants join in.

"Gunn, Janet" wrote:

> While they are all "labels", I think there are two qualitatively different
> things- categories of traffic within a given policy (e.g., the priority
> levels within MLPP), and the number of different policies (e.g., pre-emption
> at call set up, queueing at call setup, per packet queueing discipline at
> transit nodes)
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Rex Buddenberg [mailto:budden@nps.navy.mil]
> Sent: Thursday, October 10, 2002 12:50 PM
> To: Gunn, Janet; 'Ken Carlberg'; ieprep@ietf.org
> Cc: rja@extremenetworks.com
> Subject: Re: [Ieprep] policy & labels
>
> Before we all get too carried away, at least some consciousness of prior art
>
> is worthwhile.
>
> A decade ago, Alf Weaver (UVa) was doing simulation research with FDDI which
>
> has 8 priority levels.  I can't be terribly specific about why (discharged
> grey matter RAM cells), but Alf found that any more than 4 levels of
> priority
> and things lost definition -- you passed the point of diminishing returns.
> Something like "if you have a mixed load of frames of all 8 priority levels,
>
> the first three get treated properly; the rest all tumble into a common".
>         IEEE 802.5 token rings also have 4 levels of priority; to my
> knowledge never
> ever used.  The Mil version of X.25 had four as well, mirroring the military
>
> messaging system (see below).  Carefully written into the MilStd; probably
> never used.
>         (Priority labeling in LANs is a rightfully neglected area -- we've
> been
> killing the problem by throwing bandwidth at it.  But this observation is
> not
> true across complex internets or radio-WANs).
>         XTP was an also-ran transport protocol  (again about a decade old)
> that had
> the attribute of reliable multicast (which TCP can't do).  XTP had a whole
> byte set aside for priority indicators.  Never matured enough that anybody
> used the priority features, so what this 'DSCP' meant was never defined.
> But
> everybody that worked on the protocol agreed that a single byte was far more
>
> than we'd actually need.
>         The list can get longer, but the trend appears to be that anything
> over four
> levels is overkill ... even if those priority labels are actually used.
>
> The DS byte in IPv4 used to be known as the Type of Service byte (before we
> actually started using it) and had the whole 8 bits theoretically available.
>
> 2**8 was clearly more than anybody was going to need ... things slimmed down
>
> as differential services became a real cross-ISP implementation issue.
>
> The military's messaging system has had four levels of precedence (five if
> you look in the really find print in the comms manual).  Flash (z),
> immediate
> (o), priority (p) and routine (r) - the fifth was known as Flash Override
> (y)
> and available only to JCS -- the switching system was at least in theory
> supposed to know that and react accordingly.  These precedence indicators
> were equally available (excepting y) to users and network managers (aka
> radiomen) for both substantive and net management traffic.
>         The military's messaging system has run at capacity for years --
> there's a
> Parkinson's Law effect in operation here.  The shortcomings in the system
> never have seemed to be rooted in a dearth of precedence indicators -- there
>
> are enough, but rather in precedence creep where everybody is cheating to
> keep up with the other cheaters.  (The other form of cheating was to use the
>
> precedence indicator as an attention-getter rather than a QoS needs
> indicator).
>         Reality check: this formal messaging system has been in place for 40
> years
> -- at least since 1968 when Autodin debuted.  There is still a lot of
> operational infrastructure that uses it, but it's now rapidly becoming
> obsolete.  The few times I actually see formal message traffic these days,
> it's wrapped up in an e-mail envelope so the precedence indicator becomes
> part of the body of a composite message and is invisible to the e-mail
> handling system or it's underlying plumbing.
>
> Any help?
>
> On Thursday 10 October 2002 08:54 am, Gunn, Janet wrote:
> > OK, I am going to be as simplistic as possible.
> >
> > At the root of it, there need to be enough different labels that there is
> > at least a one-to-one mapping (could be many-to-one) from label to policy
> > in any given environment.
>
> --
> b
> _______________________________________________
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> Ieprep@ietf.org
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	 <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
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Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 15:12:44 -0400

[JPG comments in line.

-----Original Message-----
From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
Sent: Wednesday, October 02, 2002 1:47 PM
To: King, Kimberly S.
Cc: Ieprep (E-mail)
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] overall issues and REQ-11 thru REQ-15


> What involvement is needed by the local IP network or SIP carrier
> for the user to make use of a gateway's ability to invoke GETS, MLPP or
some
> other service on the CSN?
> 
> GETS Example:  User wishes to place GETS call from SIP phone to a phone in
> the CSN (via a gateway).
> 
> CASE A:  The gateway doesn't support the priority scheme.  It sure might
be
> nice if it understood that 710 was a valid area code and routed this to
the
> CSN for authorization and preferential treatment in the CSN using GETS.
The
> IP network or SIP carrier may have no particular relationship with the
user.

This seems to be purely a configuration issue, requiring no further 
protocol work. The gateway would treat the SIP phone like a somewhat odd 
telephone extension, with the usual DTMF-based authorization.

[JPG] The gateway needs to recognize 710 as a valid prefix, and know what to
do with it (at a minimum route it to something that knows what to REALLY do
with it, such as one of the 3 GETS IXCs, or a GETS capable LEC).

> 
> CASE B:  The gateway does support the priority scheme.  At that point, it
is
> a matter of policy, if the gateway and user do some exchange
> authentication/authorization and gives the user preferential access to a
> gateway port.  Then the 710 call is routed to the CSN.  The IP network or
> SIP carrier may have no particular relationship with the user.

I'm not sure if you consider "SIP network" = "gateway", but in any 
event, auth* would require some relationship to the user. Hard to 
authenticate somebody you haven't met, if indirectly (via some cert).

[JPG] Even if there is no direct relationship between the user and the
gateway, there needs to be an indirect relationship, e.g., the user has a
relationship with a database or other auth* agent, and the gateway also has
a relationship with the database or auth* agent.

[JPG] And there may be two (or more) variants of "support the priority
scheme."  One variant would be to perform the auth* and then provide the
requested special service.  Another would be to provide the requested
special service IFF the request carried a valid (trusted) indicator that it
had already been auth*ed.  In this case, a request that had not already been
auth*ed would fail.  Presumably the first  alternative is better than the
second, but the second is still better than case A.

[JPG] While it is possible that a user might need to be auth*ed twice, it is
in every one's interest to try to avoid that in setting up the business
relationship.

> 
> CASE C:  The gateway supports the priority scheme and the IP network or
SIP
> carrier also have a business relationship with the user (or GETS service).
> In this case, the authentication/authorization could potentially be for
the
> entire GETS service.  Not only is the user authorized for (perhaps
> preferential) use of the gateway, the user is authorized for the full GETS
> system and a true destination is entered by the gateway (i.e., perhaps the
> user really wanted to call 202-555-1212).  In this case, there are some
> pretty explicit relationships assumed.  

> 
> So, what are we talking about?  

A is not interesting (no SIP protocol features involved); both B and C 
could happen, but, again, from a protocol perspective, I don't see why 
it matters. in case B, the user may have to authenticate twice, both via 
some challenge/response and DTMF, but that's a user interface issue.

> 
> Maybe it is best left ambiguous since the schemes I've heard voiced here
use
> different techniques.  The circuit-switched landline GETS model
> authenticates in the PSTN (at particular IXCs) after the user dials the
710
> "area code".  However, the traditional circuit-switched MLPP and GTPS
> systems have their authentication built in based upon the physical line. 

[JPG] Some of the (future) variants of GETS use the instrument or line
identification as part of the auth* process, and may auth* somewhere other
than the IXC.  So it needs to be more general.

Also, this strongly depends on the trust relationship between the 
various parties. I don't think that's something we want to get into, as 
it appears to be largely an operational issue.
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-----Original Message-----
From: Ken Carlberg [mailto:K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk]
Sent: Wednesday, October 02, 2002 12:07 PM
To: King, Kimberly S.
Cc: Ieprep (E-mail)
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] overall issues and REQ-11 thru REQ-15



> GETS Example:  User wishes to place GETS call from SIP phone to a phone in
> the CSN (via a gateway).
> 
> CASE A:  The gateway doesn't support the priority scheme.  It sure might
be
> nice if it understood that 710 was a valid area code and routed this to
the
> CSN for authorization and preferential treatment in the CSN using GETS.
The
> IP network or SIP carrier may have no particular relationship with the
user.

the 710 number and whatever services associated with it are two different
and cascading items.  710 should be recognized by all LECs, CLECs, etc
within the US.  additional high probability of completion (HPC) services 
is in addition to that and may exist depending on the service contracted
by the customer (ie, US govt).

[JPG] SHOULD is the operative word.  Unfortunately it is not something that
is guaranteed.  For that reason, there may also be other dialed sequences
(e.g., 800 numbers) that also invoke GETS.  The gateway should also
correctly handle those invocations (though it may "think" it is just
invoking an 800 call).  
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Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 16:03:39 -0400



-----Original Message-----
From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
Sent: Tuesday, October 01, 2002 2:42 PM
To: King, Kimberly S.
Cc: Ieprep (E-mail)
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) to SIPPING


...

 Maintaining two (or more) queues 
instead of one isn't terribly challenging for an application, 
particularly if you don't do preemption. The pseudo is nothing but

if (incoming request has high priority)
    insert into queue1
else
    insert into queue2

and

if request is done
   pick next from queue1
   if empty, pick next from queue2

[JPG] Agree that a simple set of multiple FIFO queues is "easy".  However,
when there is a desire (based on business considerations) to "give priority
if there are only a few of them, but not let them take over everything", the
logic can become quite tortuous.  So, in making decisions, it is not safe to
ASSUME a simple queue logic.

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        "Ieprep (E-mail)" <ieprep@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) to SIPPING
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> [JPG] Agree that a simple set of multiple FIFO queues is "easy".  However,
> when there is a desire (based on business considerations) to "give priority
> if there are only a few of them, but not let them take over everything", the
> logic can become quite tortuous.  So, in making decisions, it is not safe to
> ASSUME a simple queue logic.

Agreed; however, per-class "bandwidth" allocation this is a standard 
problem in networking, handled at line rates and in hardware for 
routers. Thus, this is still fairly common. (This is also fairly similar 
to CPU scheduling code, which also is fairly well understood and not 
hard for anybody who's taken OS in undergrad.)

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) to SIPPING
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Janet,

I think you are right that it can become more complex very easily if one adds
factors such as time in queue, etc.  I have seen systems that work from the
highest priority queue but every so often visit the lower priority ones so that
they are not completely denied service.

I could see that becoming an interesting discussion point as to if the higher
queue priority is an absolute (one never serves an n-1 queue if there is an
entry in the n queue) or relative (after serving a handful of n queue entries,
we serve 1 from the n-1 queue. This could be recursive.)

"Gunn, Janet" wrote:

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
> Sent: Tuesday, October 01, 2002 2:42 PM
> To: King, Kimberly S.
> Cc: Ieprep (E-mail)
> Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) to SIPPING
>
> ...
>
>  Maintaining two (or more) queues
> instead of one isn't terribly challenging for an application,
> particularly if you don't do preemption. The pseudo is nothing but
>
> if (incoming request has high priority)
>     insert into queue1
> else
>     insert into queue2
>
> and
>
> if request is done
>    pick next from queue1
>    if empty, pick next from queue2
>
> [JPG] Agree that a simple set of multiple FIFO queues is "easy".  However,
> when there is a desire (based on business considerations) to "give priority
> if there are only a few of them, but not let them take over everything", the
> logic can become quite tortuous.  So, in making decisions, it is not safe to
> ASSUME a simple queue logic.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ieprep mailing list
> Ieprep@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep

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> [JPG] The gateway needs to recognize 710 as a valid prefix, and know what to
> do with it (at a minimum route it to something that knows what to REALLY do
> with it, such as one of the 3 GETS IXCs, or a GETS capable LEC).

Not necessarily. In many (smaller network) cases, the gateways are about 
as smart or dumb as a PBX, i.e., they just talk to a local PSTN switch. 
A carrier will likely have to do the routing, as you mention; the 
gateway effectively acts like a local telephone switch with rather 
peculiar line interfaces or a tandem with an IP trunk interface. In both 
cases, this is invisible to the IP side. Since we don't specify boxes, I 
don't think we need to worry about this.

> [JPG] Even if there is no direct relationship between the user and the
> gateway, there needs to be an indirect relationship, e.g., the user has a
> relationship with a database or other auth* agent, and the gateway also has
> a relationship with the database or auth* agent.

Yes, typically the gateway won't do the authentication itself, 
particularly if its of the MGCP-kind. The associated SIP UA will do 
this. In that case, SIP ends on the UA, so the gateway is just a remote 
"extension" of the SIP UA.

> 
> [JPG] And there may be two (or more) variants of "support the priority
> scheme."  One variant would be to perform the auth* and then provide the
> requested special service.  Another would be to provide the requested
> special service IFF the request carried a valid (trusted) indicator that it
> had already been auth*ed.  In this case, a request that had not already been
> auth*ed would fail.  Presumably the first  alternative is better than the
> second, but the second is still better than case A.

A network-assigned identity extension for SIP has been specified; 
others, less dependent on trust boundaries, are in progress. I don't see 
the need for additional work here.

> [JPG] Some of the (future) variants of GETS use the instrument or line
> identification as part of the auth* process, and may auth* somewhere other
> than the IXC.  So it needs to be more general.

In VoIP, I don't see how "line identification" can be useful (or even 
what this should mean).

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> I could see that becoming an interesting discussion point as to if the higher
> queue priority is an absolute (one never serves an n-1 queue if there is an
> entry in the n queue) or relative (after serving a handful of n queue entries,
> we serve 1 from the n-1 queue. This could be recursive.)

Before we rathole here: this is far outside the scope of the WG. This is 
an implementation issue. We're not even specifying the algorithms at 
this point, let alone the precise queueing mechanism. The discussion 
started to simply state that such differential request treatment is 
*possible*, in many different ways, none of which will likely be 
specified in the IETF.

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-----Original Message-----
From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
Sent: Thursday, October 10, 2002 4:29 PM
To: Gunn, Janet
Cc: King, Kimberly S.; Ieprep (E-mail)
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] overall issues and REQ-11 thru REQ-15


> [JPG] The gateway needs to recognize 710 as a valid prefix, and know what
to
> do with it (at a minimum route it to something that knows what to REALLY
do
> with it, such as one of the 3 GETS IXCs, or a GETS capable LEC).

Not necessarily. In many (smaller network) cases, the gateways are about 
as smart or dumb as a PBX, i.e., they just talk to a local PSTN switch. 

[JPG] That is the problem.  Some PBXs are so dumb that they don't recognize
710 as a valid "area code", and drop the call.  We would prefer to avoid
that situation in the IP gateway.  I agree that a carrier may have to do the
routing- but the gateway has to be willing to pass it to the carrier.

A carrier will likely have to do the routing, as you mention; the 
gateway effectively acts like a local telephone switch with rather 
peculiar line interfaces or a tandem with an IP trunk interface. In both 
cases, this is invisible to the IP side. Since we don't specify boxes, I 
don't think we need to worry about this.

> [JPG] Even if there is no direct relationship between the user and the
> gateway, there needs to be an indirect relationship, e.g., the user has a
> relationship with a database or other auth* agent, and the gateway also
has
> a relationship with the database or auth* agent.

Yes, typically the gateway won't do the authentication itself, 
particularly if its of the MGCP-kind. The associated SIP UA will do 
this. In that case, SIP ends on the UA, so the gateway is just a remote 
"extension" of the SIP UA.

...

> [JPG] Some of the (future) variants of GETS use the instrument or line
> identification as part of the auth* process, and may auth* somewhere other
> than the IXC.  So it needs to be more general.

In VoIP, I don't see how "line identification" can be useful (or even 
what this should mean).

[JPG] Maybe the IP address or URI?
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> Yes, that satisfies it (as do a number of other schemes).  But is there a
> one-to-one mapping between namespace and policy?  If I remember correctly, I
> thought I was corrected when I used "GETS" as an example of a name space.

No, the namespace identifies the policy "group", typically borrowed from 
  some existing PSTN scheme that we want to interwork with. An example 
namespace might be Q735 (for Q.735 labels).

Unless I'm fundamentally misunderstanding something here, nobody is 
proposing an Internet-specific new namespace at this time.


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> [JPG] That is the problem.  Some PBXs are so dumb that they don't recognize
> 710 as a valid "area code", and drop the call.  We would prefer to avoid
> that situation in the IP gateway.  I agree that a carrier may have to do the
> routing- but the gateway has to be willing to pass it to the carrier.

You will have corporate-style gateways (even if they are located on the 
premises of a three-letter agency), so both cases will occur.

> 
> [JPG] Maybe the IP address or URI?

The URI identifies the user and maybe some random host name. The IP 
address often varies from call to call and is furthermore trivially 
spoofed, at least within the same network. Thus, I don't think that this 
is something we should recommend. It serves no purpose that I can 
discern. Why would I care which IP address originated the request?

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I agree we don't want to follow this tangent into any detail. 

 I thought the relevant point was whether or not dealing with IEPREP traffic
could impose enough of a processing load on the [switch/router/gateway/etc.]
that processing capacity (rather than communications bandwidth) might be the
bottleneck.  Thus, whether or not any kind of prioritization/labeling with
regard to [switch/router/gateway/etc.] would be relevant.

Janet

-----Original Message-----
From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
Sent: Thursday, October 10, 2002 4:31 PM
To: goldmans@agcs.com
Cc: Gunn, Janet; King Kimberly S.; Ieprep (E-mail)
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) to SIPPING


> I could see that becoming an interesting discussion point as to if the
higher
> queue priority is an absolute (one never serves an n-1 queue if there is
an
> entry in the n queue) or relative (after serving a handful of n queue
entries,
> we serve 1 from the n-1 queue. This could be recursive.)

Before we rathole here: this is far outside the scope of the WG. This is 
an implementation issue. We're not even specifying the algorithms at 
this point, let alone the precise queueing mechanism. The discussion 
started to simply state that such differential request treatment is 
*possible*, in many different ways, none of which will likely be 
specified in the IETF.
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>  I thought the relevant point was whether or not dealing with IEPREP traffic
> could impose enough of a processing load on the [switch/router/gateway/etc.]
> that processing capacity (rather than communications bandwidth) might be the
> bottleneck.  Thus, whether or not any kind of prioritization/labeling with
> regard to [switch/router/gateway/etc.] would be relevant.

Indeed. I thought I had addressed this issue in an earlier message 
(short summary: sometimes, depending on what a proxy does with 
requests), after which somebody mentioned that prioritizing would be too 
difficult.

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-----Original Message-----
From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
Sent: Monday, September 30, 2002 8:15 PM
To: King, Kimberly S.
Cc: Ieprep (E-mail)
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10
 New wording suggestion:

"Network terminals configured to use a
priority scheme may occasionally end up making calls in a network that
does not support such a scheme.  In those cases, the protocol must
support a sensible default behavior that treats the call no worse than a
call that did not invoke the priority scheme."

[JPG] That works for me.

>         REQ-10: Address-neutral: The mechanism cannot rely on
>              identifying a set of destination addresses or URI schemes.
>              For example, in GETS-like schemes, the caller can reach any
>              PSTN destination with increased probability of call
>              completion, not just a limited set.
> 
> It appears REQ-10 adds that any address or URI scheme is a valid
> destination.  Let's assume REQ-14 is accepted (we can later debate this
> potential requirement in another thread covering this requirement).  

Indeed. I'll say that explicitly.

[JPG] I would rather say "any address or URI scheme may be a valid
destination".

[JPG] Some schemes will be have an open population of destinations, others
(e.g. MLPP) may have a closed populations of destinations.
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From: "Gunn, Janet" <Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com>
To: "'Henning Schulzrinne'" <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>,
        "King, Kimberly S."
	 <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
Cc: "Ieprep (E-mail)" <ieprep@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-1 to REQ-5
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Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 17:05:34 -0400

I am a little confused about the relationship between "protocol", "policy",
and "mechanism".

It seems to me that the "protocol" should definitely be independent of the
underlying technology (cable, 3GPP, etc.).

But similarly, it seems that the policy might very well be specific to the
underlying technology.

And I am not sure what is meant by "mechanism".

-----Original Message-----
From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
Sent: Monday, September 30, 2002 7:59 PM
To: King, Kimberly S.
Cc: Ieprep (E-mail)
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-1 to REQ-5


General remark: finding reasonable compromise between being unduly 
specific and uselessly vague is hard. Thus, concrete wording suggestions 
are always appreciated.

>         REQ-2: Independent of particular network architecture: The
>              mechanism should work in the widest variety of SIP-based
>              systems. It should not be restricted to particular
>              operators or types of networks, such as wireless networks
>              or protocol profiles and dialects in certain types of
>              networks.
> 
> How would one know if a proposed solution met REQ-2?  If not restricted to
> particular operators or types of networks, does it mean it should work for
> all?

While you probably can't prove that something can work in every single 
network that anybody could ever dream up, you will definitely know when 
REQ-2 is *not* met. Without naming names, this is meant to ensure, for 
example, that there is no 3GPP-specific or PacketCable-specific 
solution. (Both organizations use SIP, with extensions, in their 
respective architectures, for 3G wireless and cable modems.)
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From: "Gunn, Janet" <Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com>
To: "'Mpierce1@aol.com'" <Mpierce1@aol.com>, KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com,
        mplsgeek@yahoo.com, budden@nps.navy.mil, K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk
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Subject: RE: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) (Accounting)
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I think it is a business issue.  If the carrier (circuit switched or packet
switched) is going to bill someone (end user or government entity) on the
basis of call volume (number, or number and duration), then a detailed
accounting record is needed by both parties.  if the carrier is going to
bill independent of call volume, detailed accounting may not be needed.
 
But I don't see that emergency services would need accounting any more or
less than other VOIP services (maybe slightly different accounting data if
one is generated).
 
The CSN itself will almost certainly generate a CDR.  But I don't think that
that, in itself, means that SIP needs to generate a CDR.

-----Original Message-----
From: Mpierce1@aol.com [mailto:Mpierce1@aol.com]
Sent: Thursday, September 26, 2002 9:30 AM
To: KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com; mplsgeek@yahoo.com; budden@nps.navy.mil;
K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk
Cc: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s)


In a message dated 9/24/2002 8:19:20 AM Eastern Standard Time,
KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com writes: 




[Gunn, Janet NE] ... 




I believe an original issue was whether accounting must be a general ieprep 
requirement.  It appears that it may occur (and is listed as an issue) but 
isn't a general ieprep requirement; however, if this item is critical for 
assured service (sometimes called MLPP) then perhaps a more specific MLPP 
requirements draft should cover this. 




[MAP} The requirement for Accounting was included in
draft-pierce-sipping-assured-service-02. If more needs to be said, I could
add it. Any ideas? 

I feel quite certain the accounting is a basic requirement of GETS today.
Surely the government's contract with service providers requires them to be
able to record evidence of the use of the service, both the number of total
uses as well as detail about each use. 




Question 1: Can we assume the above is acceptable and consider the 
accounting issue for the general ieprep requirement closed? 

If I am reading the concerns with accounting, the comments appear to be 
focused on not on general ieprep requirements but with respect to IP 
telephony.  It appears the underlying reason some seek it is to determine 
after the fact who has used the service and at what priority.  This 
essentially asks for a "call detail record" CDR with priority info included.



Question 2: Is a CDR an ieprep IP Telephony requirement or is this an MLPP 
specific requirement? 




[MAP] The requirement listed in draft-pierce-sipping-assured-service was for
what you called a "Call detail record". I used the term "accounting", maybe
erroneously. Guess we need to be careful with this word, since some assume
(maybe correctly) that "accounting" only relates to collection of money. 

Yes, I believe the ability to do CDR is a requirement for both. If a service
provider elects to turn it off, fine. I understand a "requirement" in a
document as meaning that a compliant piece of equipment must have the
capability, not that the user of the equipment must use the capability. 




Question 2a: Is a CDR only a reasonable requirement when interacting with 
CSN gateways? 





[MAP] Whether or not CDR (or accounting) is required should be independent
from the architecture, such as whether interacting with CSN gateways. 


Mike Pierce 
Artel 



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<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN class=430491621-10102002>I 
think it is a business issue.&nbsp; If the carrier (circuit switched or packet 
switched) is going to bill someone (end user or government entity) on the basis 
of call volume (number, or number and duration), then a detailed accounting 
record is needed by both parties.&nbsp; if the carrier is going to bill 
independent of call volume, detailed accounting may not be 
needed.</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN 
class=430491621-10102002></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN class=430491621-10102002>But I 
don't see that emergency services would need accounting any more or less than 
other VOIP services (maybe slightly different accounting data if one is 
generated).</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN 
class=430491621-10102002></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2><SPAN class=430491621-10102002>The 
CSN itself will almost certainly generate a CDR.&nbsp; But I don't think that 
that, in itself, means that SIP needs to generate a CDR.</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
  <DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr align=left><FONT face=Tahoma 
  size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> Mpierce1@aol.com 
  [mailto:Mpierce1@aol.com]<BR><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, September 26, 2002 9:30 
  AM<BR><B>To:</B> KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com; mplsgeek@yahoo.com; 
  budden@nps.navy.mil; K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk<BR><B>Cc:</B> 
  ieprep@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Ieprep] requirements 
  document(s)<BR><BR></FONT></DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>In a message dated 
  9/24/2002 8:19:20 AM Eastern Standard Time, KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com writes: 
  <BR><BR><BR></FONT>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" 
  TYPE="CITE"><FONT face=Arial><FONT size=2><SPAN 
    class=430491621-10102002><FONT color=#0000ff>[Gunn, Janet 
    NE]&nbsp;...&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN><BR><BR></FONT></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" 
  TYPE="CITE"><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>I believe an original issue was 
    whether accounting must be a general ieprep <BR>requirement. &nbsp;It 
    appears that it may occur (and is listed as an issue) but <BR>isn't a 
    general ieprep requirement; however, if this item is critical for 
    <BR>assured service (sometimes called MLPP) then perhaps a more specific 
    MLPP <BR>requirements draft should cover this. 
  </FONT></BLOCKQUOTE><BR><BR><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>[MAP} The requirement 
  for Accounting was included in draft-pierce-sipping-assured-service-02. If 
  more needs to be said, I could add it. Any ideas? <BR><BR>I feel quite certain 
  the accounting is a basic requirement of GETS today. Surely the government's 
  contract with service providers requires them to be able to record evidence of 
  the use of the service, both the number of total uses as well as detail about 
  each use. <BR><BR></FONT>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" 
  TYPE="CITE"><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>Question 1: Can we assume the above 
    is acceptable and consider the <BR>accounting issue for the general ieprep 
    requirement closed? <BR><BR>If I am reading the concerns with accounting, 
    the comments appear to be <BR>focused on not on general ieprep requirements 
    but with respect to IP <BR>telephony. &nbsp;It appears the underlying reason 
    some seek it is to determine <BR>after the fact who has used the service and 
    at what priority. &nbsp;This <BR>essentially asks for a "call detail record" 
    CDR with priority info included. <BR><BR><BR>Question 2: Is a CDR an ieprep 
    IP Telephony requirement or is this an MLPP <BR>specific requirement? 
  </FONT></BLOCKQUOTE><BR><BR><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>[MAP] The requirement 
  listed in draft-pierce-sipping-assured-service was for what you called a "Call 
  detail record". I used the term "accounting", maybe erroneously. Guess we need 
  to be careful with this word, since some assume (maybe correctly) that 
  "accounting" only relates to collection of money. <BR><BR>Yes, I believe the 
  ability to do CDR is a requirement for both. If a service provider elects to 
  turn it off, fine. I understand a "requirement" in a document as meaning that 
  a compliant piece of equipment must have the capability, not that the user of 
  the equipment must use the capability. <BR><BR></FONT>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" 
  TYPE="CITE"><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>Question 2a: Is a CDR only a 
    reasonable requirement when interacting with <BR>CSN gateways? 
    <BR><BR></FONT><FONT lang=0 color=#000000 size=3 
  FAMILY="SANSSERIF"></BLOCKQUOTE><BR></FONT><FONT lang=0 color=#000000 size=2 
  FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR><FONT face=Arial>[MAP] Whether or not CDR (or 
  accounting) is required should be independent from the architecture, such as 
  whether interacting with CSN gateways. <BR><BR><BR>Mike Pierce <BR>Artel 
  <BR></FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) (Accounting)
To: Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com, KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com, mplsgeek@yahoo.com,
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Date: Thu, 10 Oct 2002 22:39:58 EDT


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In a message dated 10/10/2002 5:34:07 PM Eastern Standard Time, 
Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com writes:


> I think it is a business issue.  If the carrier (circuit switched or packet 
> switched) is going to bill someone (end user or government entity) on the 
> basis of call volume (number, or number and duration), then a detailed 
> accounting record is needed by both parties.  if the carrier is going to 
> bill independent of call volume, detailed accounting may not be needed.
>  
> But I don't see that emergency services would need accounting any more or 
> less than other VOIP services (maybe slightly different accounting data if 
> one is generated).
>  
> The CSN itself will almost certainly generate a CDR.  But I don't think 
> that that, in itself, means that SIP needs to generate a CDR.
> 


[MAP] You are generally correct regarding "billing", but that is not the 
issue here.

When a network provides the capability for a user to place a voice call and 
get priority over others, including possible preemption, it must keep a 
record of the uses of that priority service. (Whether or not that record must 
include duration of the call may be open, but I'd bet they would want it.)

I believe this requirement exists no matter what technology is being used to 
transport the communications, whether circuit switched networks, packet 
networks, or carrier pigeons.

Mike Pierce
Artel


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/10/2002 5:34:07 PM Eastern Standard Time, Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">I think it is a business issue. &nbsp;If the carrier (circuit switched or packet switched) is going to bill someone (end user or government entity) on the basis of call volume (number, or number and duration), then a detailed accounting record is needed by both parties. &nbsp;if the carrier is going to bill independent of call volume, detailed accounting may not be needed.
<BR> 
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#0000ff" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">But I don't see that emergency services would need accounting any more or less than other VOIP services (maybe slightly different accounting data if one is generated).</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR> 
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#0000ff" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">The CSN itself will almost certainly generate a CDR. &nbsp;But I don't think that that, in itself, means that SIP needs to generate a CDR.</FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] You are generally correct regarding "billing", but that is not the issue here.
<BR>
<BR>When a network provides the capability for a user to place a voice call and get priority over others, including possible preemption, it must keep a record of the uses of that priority service. (Whether or not that record must include duration of the call may be open, but I'd bet they would want it.)
<BR>
<BR>I believe this requirement exists no matter what technology is being used to transport the communications, whether circuit switched networks, packet networks, or carrier pigeons.
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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This is clearly good advice to operators, but not something that affects 
protocol design, as far as I can tell. If we were to write a BCP for 
operators of VoIP emergency services, this might be useful to include. 
As far as I know, we're not (at the moment).

> 
> When a network provides the capability for a user to place a voice call 
> and get priority over others, including possible preemption, it must 
> keep a record of the uses of that priority service. (Whether or not that 
> record must include duration of the call may be open, but I'd bet they 
> would want it.)
> 
> I believe this requirement exists no matter what technology is being 
> used to transport the communications, whether circuit switched networks, 
> packet networks, or carrier pigeons.
> 
> Mike Pierce
> Artel

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From: "King, Kimberly  S." <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
To: "'Stuart (Stu) Goldman '" <goldmans@agcs.com>,
        "'Gunn Janet '" <Janet.Gunn@dyncorp.com>
Cc: "''Henning Schulzrinne' '" <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>,
        "'King Kimberly S. '" <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>,
        "'Ieprep (E-mail) '" <ieprep@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) to SIPPING
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Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2002 06:14:22 -0400

"I could see that becoming an interesting discussion point as to if the
higher
queue priority is an absolute (one never serves an n-1 queue if there is
an
entry in the n queue) or relative (after serving a handful of n queue
entries,
we serve 1 from the n-1 queue. This could be recursive.)"

Yes, interesting policy but we should focus on requirements, rather than
neat ways to schedule resources.  







-----Original Message-----
From: Stuart (Stu) Goldman
To: Gunn Janet
Cc: 'Henning Schulzrinne'; King Kimberly S.; Ieprep (E-mail)
Sent: 10/10/2002 4:28 PM
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) to SIPPING

Janet,

I think you are right that it can become more complex very easily if one
adds
factors such as time in queue, etc.  I have seen systems that work from
the
highest priority queue but every so often visit the lower priority ones
so that
they are not completely denied service.

I could see that becoming an interesting discussion point as to if the
higher
queue priority is an absolute (one never serves an n-1 queue if there is
an
entry in the n queue) or relative (after serving a handful of n queue
entries,
we serve 1 from the n-1 queue. This could be recursive.)

"Gunn, Janet" wrote:

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
> Sent: Tuesday, October 01, 2002 2:42 PM
> To: King, Kimberly S.
> Cc: Ieprep (E-mail)
> Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) to SIPPING
>
> ...
>
>  Maintaining two (or more) queues
> instead of one isn't terribly challenging for an application,
> particularly if you don't do preemption. The pseudo is nothing but
>
> if (incoming request has high priority)
>     insert into queue1
> else
>     insert into queue2
>
> and
>
> if request is done
>    pick next from queue1
>    if empty, pick next from queue2
>
> [JPG] Agree that a simple set of multiple FIFO queues is "easy".
However,
> when there is a desire (based on business considerations) to "give
priority
> if there are only a few of them, but not let them take over
everything", the
> logic can become quite tortuous.  So, in making decisions, it is not
safe to
> ASSUME a simple queue logic.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ieprep mailing list
> Ieprep@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep
 <<Card for Stuart (Stu) Goldman>> 
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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] policy & labels
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I'm confused by your message. We're not debating the merits of the 
number of priority levels nor "messaging", but rather importing existing 
voice call levels into a VoIP environment. Thus, the military ('you') 
and ITU (Q.735) provide the number of levels, not the IETF.

I tend to agree that more than three levels of priority is generally of 
dubious merit, but that's beyond our bailiwick. (There will be LAN 
priority for wireless LANs, btw: 802.11e).

Rex Buddenberg wrote:
> Before we all get too carried away, at least some consciousness of prior art 
> is worthwhile.
> 
> A decade ago, Alf Weaver (UVa) was doing simulation research with FDDI which 
> has 8 priority levels.  I can't be terribly specific about why (discharged 
> grey matter RAM cells), but Alf found that any more than 4 levels of priority 
> and things lost definition -- you passed the point of diminishing returns.  
> Something like "if you have a mixed load of frames of all 8 priority levels, 
> the first three get treated properly; the rest all tumble into a common".  
> 	IEEE 802.5 token rings also have 4 levels of priority; to my knowledge never 
> ever used.  The Mil version of X.25 had four as well, mirroring the military 
> messaging system (see below).  Carefully written into the MilStd; probably 
> never used. 
>  	(Priority labeling in LANs is a rightfully neglected area -- we've been 
> killing the problem by throwing bandwidth at it.  But this observation is not 
> true across complex internets or radio-WANs).
> 	XTP was an also-ran transport protocol  (again about a decade old) that had 
> the attribute of reliable multicast (which TCP can't do).  XTP had a whole 
> byte set aside for priority indicators.  Never matured enough that anybody 
> used the priority features, so what this 'DSCP' meant was never defined.  But 
> everybody that worked on the protocol agreed that a single byte was far more 
> than we'd actually need.  
> 	The list can get longer, but the trend appears to be that anything over four 
> levels is overkill ... even if those priority labels are actually used.  
> 
> 
> The DS byte in IPv4 used to be known as the Type of Service byte (before we 
> actually started using it) and had the whole 8 bits theoretically available.  
> 2**8 was clearly more than anybody was going to need ... things slimmed down 
> as differential services became a real cross-ISP implementation issue.
> 
> 
> The military's messaging system has had four levels of precedence (five if 
> you look in the really find print in the comms manual).  Flash (z), immediate 
> (o), priority (p) and routine (r) - the fifth was known as Flash Override (y) 
> and available only to JCS -- the switching system was at least in theory 
> supposed to know that and react accordingly.  These precedence indicators 
> were equally available (excepting y) to users and network managers (aka 
> radiomen) for both substantive and net management traffic.  
> 	The military's messaging system has run at capacity for years -- there's a 
> Parkinson's Law effect in operation here.  The shortcomings in the system 
> never have seemed to be rooted in a dearth of precedence indicators -- there 
> are enough, but rather in precedence creep where everybody is cheating to 
> keep up with the other cheaters.  (The other form of cheating was to use the 
> precedence indicator as an attention-getter rather than a QoS needs 
> indicator).
> 	Reality check: this formal messaging system has been in place for 40 years 
> -- at least since 1968 when Autodin debuted.  There is still a lot of 
> operational infrastructure that uses it, but it's now rapidly becoming 
> obsolete.  The few times I actually see formal message traffic these days, 
> it's wrapped up in an e-mail envelope so the precedence indicator becomes 
> part of the body of a composite message and is invisible to the e-mail 
> handling system or it's underlying plumbing.  
> 
> 
> Any help?
> 
> 
> On Thursday 10 October 2002 08:54 am, Gunn, Janet wrote:
> 
>>OK, I am going to be as simplistic as possible.
>>
>>At the root of it, there need to be enough different labels that there is
>>at least a one-to-one mapping (could be many-to-one) from label to policy
>>in any given environment.
> 
> 

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-1 to REQ-5
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> I am a little confused about the relationship between "protocol", "policy",
> and "mechanism".
> 
> It seems to me that the "protocol" should definitely be independent of the
> underlying technology (cable, 3GPP, etc.).

By protocol in this context, I mean, SIP, since that's the subject of 
discussion. SIP is indeed completely oblivious as to whether it's 
running on 3GPP, cable or wet string, ignoring the desire by the Wet 
String Consortium to insert various special extensions into SIP.

> 
> But similarly, it seems that the policy might very well be specific to the
> underlying technology.

I see no reason why it should be or, even if it is, why we should care. 
Even if it were the case that wet string gateways always and only 
support policy A (and nobody else does), the negotiation mechanism (as 
required by the requirement document) will discover this, without the 
originating side having to know or care that part of the path is made of 
twine and another of rubberbands. This avoids tying things together that 
shouldn't be. Thus, if wet strings suddenly support policy B in addition 
to A, the system can handle it. If rubber bands also are enhanced to 
support policy A, again, no need to encode the knowledge of rubber bands 
into every SIP device.

> 
> And I am not sure what is meant by "mechanism".

The "how": how a policy is translated into concrete actions. Think of

policy = speed limit is 55 mph
mechanism = radar traps, police cruisers, speeding tickets


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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) (Accounting)
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On Thursday, Oct 10, 2002, at 22:39 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
wrote:
> When a network provides the capability for a user to place a voice 
> call and get priority over others, including possible preemption, it 
> must keep a record of the uses of that priority service. (Whether or 
> not that record must include duration of the call may be open, but I'd 
> bet they would want it.)
>
> I believe this requirement exists no matter what technology is being 
> used to transport the communications, whether circuit switched 
> networks, packet networks, or carrier pigeons.

Disagree.  Here is a counter-example.

	A service provider might offer "routine" and "preferred" service using 
DiffServ
for packet marketing.  It likely will charge on a flat-rate basis for 
this,
with a customer falling into one of two categories:
		routine-only service
		routine-or-preferred service

	In this case, it would be up to the end-user to mark the DiffServ bits
correctly prior to the packet arriving at the service provider.  And
the service provider would probably merely configure the edge device
to re-write the DiffServ bits to "routine" for all customers having the
routine-only service offering.  Existing network equipment often has
this capability because this is what IP service providers have been 
asking
for over the past few years.

	I'll observe that today nearly all IP service providers primarily offer
flat-rate billing.  The next most common method (far less common than 
flat rate)
is to count the sum of the traffic moving through an interface over 
some unit of time
and charge based on a percentile (often 90 percentile) of that traffic 
count.
Most IP service providers do not have the capability to perform packet 
accounting today.
So if accounting is really a requirement, then this service will not be 
widely
available from IP service providers anytime soon.

	Note that in my example the IP service provider is deliberately not 
participating
in any application-layer services (e.g. VoIP).

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Oct 11 08:32:07 2002
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To: Henning Schulzrinne <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] policy & labels
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Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2002 13:32:50 +0100


thanks for the additional perspective.  my default thinking process
tends to center on the relationship of labels and a desire to retain 
a great deal of flexability in their specification and association of
characteristics.

I want to have a schema that allows one the freedom to describe the
relationship (importance?) of *related* labels as in the case of MLPP.
And I also want to have a separation of unrelated labels and a separation
of the type of mechanism to achieve the characterization associated
with a label -- this separation in the form of local policy for whomever 
is providing support N sets of labels.  In the case of SIP, presumably
in the form of N namespaces.  And before anyone panics, the N set is not
all defined namespaces, but just those that have been contracted by a 
provider to support.

-ken

ps, I believe we are in agreement

-----------------Original Message-------------------

Subject: Re: [Ieprep] policy & labels
From: Henning Schulzrinne <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
Date: Wed, 09 Oct 2002 17:13:40 -0400 (22:13 BST)
To: Ken Carlberg <K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
Cc: ieprep@ietf.org, rja@extremenetworks.com

My 2c (Euro):

I think there are actually two separate problems here, binding and 
specificity.

As usual in networking, this is partially a question of indirection or 
bindings, I think. Any protocol identifier value can either mean a 
specific thing or be bound to a specific interpretation at "run time" or 
per "session". This binding can be more-or-less-static, as part of some 
profile (generally bad), or dynamically signaled, as, say, the binding 
between RTP payload type numbers and codecs is in SDP. (SIP is, at 
heart, a binding protocol.) Late binding is necessary if, for efficiency 
reasons, the space of the identifier is insufficient to contain all 
possible values and if only a small set is likely to be needed at the 
same time.

This is, generally, not the case for text-based protocols, as there is 
no shortage of label space. (It's equivalent to a variable-length 
integer of unbounded length.) Thus, dynamic binding of some short 
identifier to the "real" thing is not necessary here and likely to be 
counterproductive.

If my understanding of DiffServ is correct, there is a recommended DSCP 
for each PHB, but one could bind one locally, with a yet-to-be-specified 
mechanism. One reason is that the DSCP is very short (6 bits), so 
running out of code points is a very real problem.

A separate question is the level of detail that is specified; this is 
sometimes referred to as "policy vs. mechanism". A crude way to put this 
might be "externally visible behavior vs. local implementation". For 
example, it may be sufficient to specify that "for the same call, if you 
only change the labeling, it should not get worse treatment". This 
avoids having to specify behavior which may be left to local 
capabilities, such as displacement of existing calls.

In general, I think you want the minimum amount of mechanism detail so 
as to give maximum freedom to implementations to optimize for local 
circumstances ("narrow interface"). As one example, the PHBs don't 
specify precisely how the queueing mechanism needs to be implemented or, 
as another example, IntServ guaranteed service doesn't specify the 
precise algorithm, just the externally visible behavior, even though 
there's only one known mechanism to implement it precisely.

In our case, however, we are mostly "importing" external descriptions. 
The specificity of the behavior description is given by others. SIP is 
just the messenger. This argues, in particular, that we can't just have 
a limited set of mechanisms ("don't queue", "preempt"), as that would 
make extensions difficult.  (On the other hand, if you know you can 
exhaustively specify the list of behaviors, it's clearly better to do 
that, as it reduces the number of failure cases. You can then test for 
all bit combinations and know that nobody can surprise you.)

It does not, in my opinion, rule out a reference to a very detailed 
scheme. Similarly, in principle, you could have fairly detailed PHB 
descriptions that govern all relevant packet treatment. Indeed, recent 
history is an indication that too abstract a specification may not be 
implementable at all, leading to a more precise (and thus constraining) 
specification. Clearly, this is not a bright line, to the left of which 
lies sainthood and to the right religious dogma. (One could draw 
parallels that religious denominations come to different conclusions as 
to how much their relevant texts are policy vs. mechanism, but I won't 
go there.)

I don't think anybody in the group is arguing that we should have an 
exhaustive set of behavior descriptions, where the labeling is some 
combination of these parameters. This does not mean that, as argued 
above, that you need to apply additional layers of indirection.

At the danger of more analogies, the problem is not dissimilar to 
including URIs with multiple schemes (which SIP does a lot...). Relevant 
end systems need to know what to do with them, but the protocol itself 
can be fairly open to new ones, without affecting the core protocol 
functionality itself.

-----------------------------------------------

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] policy & labels
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Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2002 13:41:25 +0100


> So why is this now such a big deal? I think this whole thing about "policy" 
> vs" "label" (or "indication") is a non-issue and should be dropped so we
> can get on with defining what is needed. 

the consensus on this list and at meetings has been that policy vs
label is an issue.  so, its not going to be dropped.  my hope is that
the added comments from Henning were helpful in explaining the issue.

> 0 = treatment a 
> 1 = treatment b 
> 
> and the "policy" in each device (not in the standard) would somehow
> know that: 
> a = normal delay 
> b = low delay needed 

> If that approach were followed for every field or piece of information 
> in the protocol, the specification would look pretty silly, and I 
> seriously doubt that sufficient interoperability would ever occur. 

no, this is a poor interpretation of my previous message.  i purposely
mentioned articulating a set of characteristics for a related set of
labels such as those that one would expect with MLPP.  I also mentioned
AF as a particular example that one could use in defining labels.

-ken


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I'm concerned that some folks are reading "label" and inferring
"SIP or other telephony application label".  I read "label" and
understand that this might be a telephony application label
or a DiffServ code point or some other non-telephony label
or some other non-application-layer label.

This difference in reading seems to be causing (some) folks to talk past
each other in a way that does not help the group to converge to 
consensus.

For my part, I think that where "label" happens to be an instance of
a DiffServ/IP ToS bit pattern, people are confused if they think that
more than 2 or 3 total user labels will be available in real deployments
from large ISPs (and having DiffServ supported at all for customer 
traffic
is not a given, by the way).[1]

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

[1] The long-standing "Internet Control" code point from RFC-791 is 
widely
used in ISP routers to prefer BGP traffic over other traffic in order 
to maximise
Internet reachability and to maximise stability of inter-domain routing.

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] policy & labels
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 11 Oct 2002 08:45:53 EDT." <612F6EA4-DD17-11D6-86D3-00039357A82A@extremenetworks.com>
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Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2002 13:56:12 +0100


> I'm concerned that some folks are reading "label" and inferring
> "SIP or other telephony application label".  I read "label" and
> understand that this might be a telephony application label
> or a DiffServ code point or some other non-telephony label
> or some other non-application-layer label.

yes, totally agreed.  part of the motivation of the original note 
was to get possible feedback that would allow us to expand on the 
requirement (of the general-requirements draft) on the separation of 
policy and labels.

-ken


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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] policy & labels
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Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2002 10:31:06 EDT


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In a message dated 10/11/2002 8:48:09 AM Eastern Standard Time, 
rja@extremenetworks.com writes:


> I'm concerned that some folks are reading "label" and inferring
> "SIP or other telephony application label".  I read "label" and
> understand that this might be a telephony application label
> or a DiffServ code point or some other non-telephony label
> or some other non-application-layer label.
> 
> This difference in reading seems to be causing (some) folks to talk past
> each other in a way that does not help the group to converge to 
> consensus.
> 


[MAP] Yes, it's obvious that different folks have a different understanding 
of what "label" and "policy" (and "indication") mean. That is why I 
questioned the requirement that says "REQ-7: Separation of indication and 
policy: The indication should not describe a particular detailed treatment, 
as it is likely that this depends on the nature of the resource and local 
policy."

Can someone point me to a definition of the word "label" when used in this 
context? We are still talking about SIP (I hope), but I do not find the word 
defined or used in RFC3261.

Mike Pierce
Artel



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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/11/2002 8:48:09 AM Eastern Standard Time, rja@extremenetworks.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">I'm concerned that some folks are reading "label" and inferring
<BR>"SIP or other telephony application label". &nbsp;I read "label" and
<BR>understand that this might be a telephony application label
<BR>or a DiffServ code point or some other non-telephony label
<BR>or some other non-application-layer label.
<BR>
<BR>This difference in reading seems to be causing (some) folks to talk past
<BR>each other in a way that does not help the group to converge to 
<BR>consensus.
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] Yes, it's obvious that different folks have a different understanding of what "label" and "policy" (and "indication") mean. That is why I questioned the requirement that says "REQ-7: Separation of indication and policy: The indication should not describe a particular detailed treatment, as it is likely that this depends on the nature of the resource and local policy."
<BR>
<BR>Can someone point me to a definition of the word "label" when used in this context? We are still talking about SIP (I hope), but I do not find the word defined or used in RFC3261.
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></FONT></HTML>

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] policy & labels
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Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2002 10:31:09 EDT


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In a message dated 10/11/2002 8:41:39 AM Eastern Standard Time, 
K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk writes:


> > So why is this now such a big deal? I think this whole thing about 
> "policy" 
> > vs" "label" (or "indication") is a non-issue and should be dropped so we
> > can get on with defining what is needed. 
> 
> the consensus on this list and at meetings has been that policy vs
> label is an issue.  


[MAP] Yes, I understand that the "consensus" has been that "policy" vs label" 
is an issue, but I think that the ongoing discussion indicates that no one 
knows what the issue is, or at least, everyone has a different idea of what 
it means. This is getting no where fast.


> my hope is that
> 


[MAP] Yes, I guess Henning's comments are helping to make something clear 
(they usually do), but I still don't see what the impact is to the task at 
hand which is to define a way to carry an indication of the priority level of 
the call through SIP.

> 
> > 0 = treatment a 
> > 1 = treatment b 
> > 
> > and the "policy" in each device (not in the standard) would somehow
> > know that: 
> > a = normal delay 
> > b = low delay needed 
> 
> > If that approach were followed for every field or piece of information 
> > in the protocol, the specification would look pretty silly, and I 
> > seriously doubt that sufficient interoperability would ever occur. 
> 
> 


[MAP] It may be an incorrect interpretation, but it is not "poor". I really 
couldn't tell what you were trying to say, and the comments indicate that 
others couldn't either.

Mike Pierce
Artel




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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/11/2002 8:41:39 AM Eastern Standard Time, K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">&gt; So why is this now such a big deal? I think this whole thing about "policy" 
<BR>&gt; vs" "label" (or "indication") is a non-issue and should be dropped so we
<BR>&gt; can get on with defining what is needed. 
<BR>
<BR>the consensus on this list and at meetings has been that policy vs
<BR>label is an issue. &nbsp;so, its not going to be dropped. </BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] Yes, I understand that the "consensus" has been that "policy" vs label" is an issue, but I think that the ongoing discussion indicates that no one knows what the issue is, or at least, everyone has a different idea of what it means. This is getting no where fast.
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">my hope is that
<BR>the added comments from Henning were helpful in explaining the issue.</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] Yes, I guess Henning's comments are helping to make something clear (they usually do), but I still don't see what the impact is to the task at hand which is to define a way to carry an indication of the priority level of the call through SIP.
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">
<BR>&gt; 0 = treatment a 
<BR>&gt; 1 = treatment b 
<BR>&gt; 
<BR>&gt; and the "policy" in each device (not in the standard) would somehow
<BR>&gt; know that: 
<BR>&gt; a = normal delay 
<BR>&gt; b = low delay needed 
<BR>
<BR>&gt; If that approach were followed for every field or piece of information 
<BR>&gt; in the protocol, the specification would look pretty silly, and I 
<BR>&gt; seriously doubt that sufficient interoperability would ever occur. 
<BR>
<BR>no, this is a poor interpretation of my previous message.</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] It may be an incorrect interpretation, but it is not "poor". I really couldn't tell what you were trying to say, and the comments indicate that others couldn't either.
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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In a message dated 10/11/2002 8:21:10 AM Eastern Standard Time, 
rja@extremenetworks.com writes:


> On Thursday, Oct 10, 2002, at 22:39 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
> wrote:
> > When a network provides the capability for a user to place a voice 
> > call and get priority over others, including possible preemption, it 
> > must keep a record of the uses of that priority service. (Whether or 
> > not that record must include duration of the call may be open, but I'd 
> > bet they would want it.)
> >
> > I believe this requirement exists no matter what technology is being 
> > used to transport the communications, whether circuit switched 
> > networks, packet networks, or carrier pigeons.
> 
> Disagree.  Here is a counter-example.
> 


[MAP] Once again, your response and comments focus of "billing". I was not 
talking about "billing". I am talking about the need to keep call records in 
order to detect use of the priority service, and to be able to detect misuse 
(someone using it that is not authorized or someone who is authorized but 
using it incorrectly).

Mike Pierce
Artel



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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/11/2002 8:21:10 AM Eastern Standard Time, rja@extremenetworks.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">On Thursday, Oct 10, 2002, at 22:39 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
<BR>wrote:
<BR>&gt; When a network provides the capability for a user to place a voice 
<BR>&gt; call and get priority over others, including possible preemption, it 
<BR>&gt; must keep a record of the uses of that priority service. (Whether or 
<BR>&gt; not that record must include duration of the call may be open, but I'd 
<BR>&gt; bet they would want it.)
<BR>&gt;
<BR>&gt; I believe this requirement exists no matter what technology is being 
<BR>&gt; used to transport the communications, whether circuit switched 
<BR>&gt; networks, packet networks, or carrier pigeons.
<BR>
<BR>Disagree. &nbsp;Here is a counter-example.
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] Once again, your response and comments focus of "billing". I was not talking about "billing". I am talking about the need to keep call records in order to detect use of the priority service, and to be able to detect misuse (someone using it that is not authorized or someone who is authorized but using it incorrectly).
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR>
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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Subject: RE: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-1 to REQ-5
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Date: Fri, 11 Oct 2002 10:40:38 -0400

Thanks for the clarification on mechanism.

I agree that we shouldn't care about the technology dependant differences in
policy.  

I CAN see, though that it would make sense to implement, for instance,
multiple priority classes when you have low bandwidth connections to be
shared, and a single priority class when you have high bandwidth connections
to be shared, even if the relative utilization is the same.  I think these
would count as different policies.

-----Original Message-----
From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
Sent: Friday, October 11, 2002 7:52 AM
To: Gunn, Janet
Cc: King, Kimberly S.; Ieprep (E-mail)
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-1 to REQ-5


> I am a little confused about the relationship between "protocol",
"policy",
> and "mechanism".
> 
> It seems to me that the "protocol" should definitely be independent of the
> underlying technology (cable, 3GPP, etc.).

By protocol in this context, I mean, SIP, since that's the subject of 
discussion. SIP is indeed completely oblivious as to whether it's 
running on 3GPP, cable or wet string, ignoring the desire by the Wet 
String Consortium to insert various special extensions into SIP.

> 
> But similarly, it seems that the policy might very well be specific to the
> underlying technology.

I see no reason why it should be or, even if it is, why we should care. 
Even if it were the case that wet string gateways always and only 
support policy A (and nobody else does), the negotiation mechanism (as 
required by the requirement document) will discover this, without the 
originating side having to know or care that part of the path is made of 
twine and another of rubberbands. This avoids tying things together that 
shouldn't be. Thus, if wet strings suddenly support policy B in addition 
to A, the system can handle it. If rubber bands also are enhanced to 
support policy A, again, no need to encode the knowledge of rubber bands 
into every SIP device.

> 
> And I am not sure what is meant by "mechanism".

The "how": how a policy is translated into concrete actions. Think of

policy = speed limit is 55 mph
mechanism = radar traps, police cruisers, speeding tickets

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On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 10:31 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
wrote:
> Can someone point me to a definition of the word "label" when used in 
> this context?

Any kind of label at any protocol layer, not limited in scope to 
telephony
applications or any particular telephony related protocol (e.g. SIP).

Any telephony-specific requirements (e.g. SIP labels) would be **out of 
scope**
for the general requirements document and would only be present in a
telephony-specific requirements document.

> We are still talking about SIP (I hope), but I do not find the word 
> defined or used in RFC3261.

I do NOT think we are talking only about SIP or specifically about SIP,
so I think the above sentence is an example of the confusion I was 
referring to.

I think the requirements document is talking about any kind of label
(e.g. DiffServ codepoint, SIP label, whatever other labels that might
exist at any protocol layer).

Ran

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> 
> Indeed. I thought I had addressed this issue in an earlier message 
> (short summary: sometimes, depending on what a proxy does with 
> requests), after which somebody mentioned that prioritizing 
> would be too 
> difficult.

Somebody mentioned that this added complexity especially over possibly
different security domains and that the utility of such a feature had
already been questioned by the SIPPING working group.  

That somebody did not say that writing a scheduling algorithm to process
priority vs. something else was difficult.  (It seems that somebody took an
OS class when getting a bachelors degree in computer science and doesn't
consider those types of algorithms challenging.)
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On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 10:31 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
wrote:
>
> [MAP] Yes, I guess Henning's comments are helping to make something 
> clear (they usually do), but I still don't see what the impact is to 
> the task at hand which is to define a way to carry an indication of 
> the priority level of the call through SIP.

That task is OUT OF SCOPE for the general IEprep Requirements document.

It might be IN SCOPE for a telephony-specific requirements document,
depending on how detailed one wanted to get.  Requirements should be
high-level, so independent of particular protocols (e.g. SIP).

Something in SIP itself (or in DiffServ itself) would be an example
of a *mechanism*.  High-level requirements must not specify mechanisms.

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

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> [MAP] Yes, I understand that the "consensus" has been that "policy" vs 
> label" is an issue, but I think that the ongoing discussion indicates 
> that no one knows what the issue is, or at least, everyone has a 
> different idea of what it means. This is getting no where fast. 

I don't agree with your assessment that no one knows what the issue is.


> [MAP] It may be an incorrect interpretation, but it is not "poor". I 
> really couldn't tell what you were trying to say, and the comments 
> indicate that others couldn't either. 

actually, the use of the word "poor" in the previous message, was a poor 
choice of words on my part.  so, my apologies.

my original comment was meant as a starting point.  it was stated in
a general sense, and as it has been mentioned in the past, there can be
a tradeoff by not being too specific.  

as for Henning's response, it seemed more of an extension of my original
thread with some additional thoughts regarding SIP.  I don't recall a
comment of confusion on his part (though if he wants to add that now in
retrospect, thats fine).  and I regret that my attempt to provide some
help has continued the confusion for you.

regards,

-ken





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On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 10:31 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
wrote:
> [MAP] Once again, your response and comments focus of "billing". I was 
> not talking about "billing". I am talking about the need to keep call 
> records in order to detect use of the priority service, and to be able 
> to detect misuse (someone using it that is not authorized or someone 
> who is authorized but using it incorrectly).

	No, the comments were not focused on billing.  Please re-read them
more closely.

	Typically (and specifically in my example), ISPs do *zero* accounting
of how many packets/bytes use the preferred service versus the routine 
service.
Generally speaking, the equipment that ISPs use is not capable of such 
accounting
(e.g. for DiffServ, which was my counter example).  In this example, 
the ISP equipment
only performs a pre-configured policy decision (i.e. customer X is 
permitted to send
packets marked preferred xor customer X is not permitted to send 
packets marked
preferred) that is typically implemented as a kind of packet filter on 
the ingress
interface to the ISP from customer X.  Note that in this model, any 
customer able
to send a packet marked as preferred is capable of sending 100% of 
their traffic
with the preferred marking.  Also note that zero *accounting* is 
occuring.

Regards,

Ran

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) (Accounting)
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In a message dated 10/11/2002 11:00:53 AM Eastern Standard Time, 
rja@extremenetworks.com writes:


> On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 10:31 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
> wrote:
> > [MAP] Once again, your response and comments focus of "billing". I was 
> > not talking about "billing". I am talking about the need to keep call 
> > records in order to detect use of the priority service, and to be able 
> > to detect misuse (someone using it that is not authorized or someone 
> > who is authorized but using it incorrectly).
> 
>     No, the comments were not focused on billing.  Please re-read them
> 


[MAP] I did, and so can everyone else. You talk mostly about billing. 
Further, you are talking about "packets", which is not the issue here. Let's 
focus on the accounting requirements for priority calls.

> 
>     Typically (and specifically in my example), ISPs do *zero* accounting
> of how many packets/bytes use the preferred service versus the routine 
> service.
> Generally speaking, the equipment that ISPs use is not capable of such 
> accounting
> (e.g. for DiffServ, which was my counter example).  In this example, the 
> ISP equipment
> only performs a pre-configured policy decision (i.e. customer X is 
> permitted to send
> packets marked preferred xor customer X is not permitted to send packets 
> marked
> preferred) that is typically implemented as a kind of packet filter on the 
> ingress
> interface to the ISP from customer X.  Note that in this model, any 
> customer able
> to send a packet marked as preferred is capable of sending 100% of their 
> traffic
> with the preferred marking.  Also note that zero *accounting* is occuring.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Ran
> 


[MAP] And I couldn't imagine stating a requirement that anyone must record 
things like number of packets/bytes that are transferred as a result of 
setting up a high priority call. I suppose someone may want to bill on that 
basis, but that was not the point. We're talking about requirements for 
creating a CDR for the call setup, not the requirements for counting packet 
transfer.

Mike Pierce
Artel


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/11/2002 11:00:53 AM Eastern Standard Time, rja@extremenetworks.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 10:31 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
<BR>wrote:
<BR>&gt; [MAP] Once again, your response and comments focus of "billing". I was 
<BR>&gt; not talking about "billing". I am talking about the need to keep call 
<BR>&gt; records in order to detect use of the priority service, and to be able 
<BR>&gt; to detect misuse (someone using it that is not authorized or someone 
<BR>&gt; who is authorized but using it incorrectly).
<BR>
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No, the comments were not focused on billing. &nbsp;Please re-read them
<BR>more closely.</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] I did, and so can everyone else. You talk mostly about billing. Further, you are talking about "packets", which is not the issue here. Let's focus on the accounting requirements for priority calls.
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Typically (and specifically in my example), ISPs do *zero* accounting
<BR>of how many packets/bytes use the preferred service versus the routine service.
<BR>Generally speaking, the equipment that ISPs use is not capable of such accounting
<BR>(e.g. for DiffServ, which was my counter example). &nbsp;In this example, the ISP equipment
<BR>only performs a pre-configured policy decision (i.e. customer X is permitted to send
<BR>packets marked preferred xor customer X is not permitted to send packets marked
<BR>preferred) that is typically implemented as a kind of packet filter on the ingress
<BR>interface to the ISP from customer X. &nbsp;Note that in this model, any customer able
<BR>to send a packet marked as preferred is capable of sending 100% of their traffic
<BR>with the preferred marking. &nbsp;Also note that zero *accounting* is occuring.
<BR>
<BR>Regards,
<BR>
<BR>Ran
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] And I couldn't imagine stating a requirement that anyone must record things like number of packets/bytes that are transferred as a result of setting up a high priority call. I suppose someone may want to bill on that basis, but that was not the point. We're talking about requirements for creating a CDR for the call setup, not the requirements for counting packet transfer.
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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In a message dated 10/11/2002 10:51:53 AM Eastern Standard Time, 
rja@extremenetworks.com writes:


> On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 10:31 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com wrote:
> > Can someone point me to a definition of the word "label" when used in 
> this context?
> 
> Any kind of label at any protocol layer, not limited in scope to telephony
> applications or any particular telephony related protocol (e.g. SIP).
> 
> Any telephony-specific requirements (e.g. SIP labels) would be **out of 
> scope**
> for the general requirements document and would only be present in a
> 


[MAP] I take the above to mean that you can't point me to an existing 
definition of "label" (like in an RFC).

> 
> > We are still talking about SIP (I hope), but I do not find the word 
> > defined or used in RFC3261.
> 
> I do NOT think we are talking only about SIP or specifically about SIP,
> so I think the above sentence is an example of the confusion I was 
> 


[MAP] We are discussing a requirement in the draft titled "Requirements for 
Resource Priority Mechanisms for the Session Initiation Protocol".

> 
> I think the requirements document is talking about any kind of label
> (e.g. DiffServ codepoint, SIP label, whatever other labels that might
> 


[MAP] Also, the requirement we are discussing is in a list of requirements 
that is preceeded by the statement:

"calls are marked in various ways to indicate priorities. Below are some 
requirements for such mechanisms."

i.e., this discussion is not about marking packets. That will be an 
interesting discussion for another day. This discussion is about marking call 
setup (in the INVITE) and nothing more.

You use the term "SIP label" as if I should know what that means. As I noted, 
the word is not used in RFC 3261. RFC 3261 defines terms for "Header", 
"Header Field", and "Header Field Value". The end result we're trying to get 
to is the definition of a new header for Resource-priority. So why don't we 
use those defined SIP terms for the remainder of this discussion. That would 
reduce confusion.

> 
> Ran
> 
> 


Mike Pierce
Artel


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/11/2002 10:51:53 AM Eastern Standard Time, rja@extremenetworks.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 10:31 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com wrote:
<BR>&gt; Can someone point me to a definition of the word "label" when used in this context?
<BR>
<BR>Any kind of label at any protocol layer, not limited in scope to telephony
<BR>applications or any particular telephony related protocol (e.g. SIP).
<BR>
<BR>Any telephony-specific requirements (e.g. SIP labels) would be **out of scope**
<BR>for the general requirements document and would only be present in a
<BR>telephony-specific requirements document.</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] I take the above to mean that you can't point me to an existing definition of "label" (like in an RFC).
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">
<BR>&gt; We are still talking about SIP (I hope), but I do not find the word 
<BR>&gt; defined or used in RFC3261.
<BR>
<BR>I do NOT think we are talking only about SIP or specifically about SIP,
<BR>so I think the above sentence is an example of the confusion I was 
<BR>referring to.</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] We are discussing a requirement in the draft titled "Requirements for Resource Priority Mechanisms for the Session Initiation Protocol".
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">
<BR>I think the requirements document is talking about any kind of label
<BR>(e.g. DiffServ codepoint, SIP label, whatever other labels that might
<BR>exist at any protocol layer).</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] Also, the requirement we are discussing is in a list of requirements that is preceeded by the statement:
<BR>
<BR>"calls are marked in various ways to indicate priorities. Below are some requirements for such mechanisms."
<BR>
<BR>i.e., this discussion is not about marking packets. That will be an interesting discussion for another day. This discussion is about marking call setup (in the INVITE) and nothing more.
<BR>
<BR>You use the term "SIP label" as if I should know what that means. As I noted, the word is not used in RFC 3261. RFC 3261 defines terms for "Header", "Header Field", and "Header Field Value". The end result we're trying to get to is the definition of a new header for Resource-priority. So why don't we use those defined SIP terms for the remainder of this discussion. That would reduce confusion.
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">
<BR>Ran
<BR>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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Mike,

A question for you:

(I really don't want to get caught up in the discussion aspect about if
accounting needs protocol or not.)

My question is simply that in the PSTN network "accounting" consisted of
two different mechanisms. There was the AMA record for the particular
call which generated billing information specific to that call. There
also were a great number of peg counters that provided information about
how often and which special treatments were actually invoked and how
often they resulted in a successful call. Are you envisioning either or
both mechanisms?

Mpierce1@aol.com wrote:

> In a message dated 10/11/2002 11:00:53 AM Eastern Standard Time,
> rja@extremenetworks.com writes:
>
>
>
>> On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 10:31 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com
>>
>> wrote:
>> > [MAP] Once again, your response and comments focus of "billing". I
>> was
>> > not talking about "billing". I am talking about the need to keep
>> call
>> > records in order to detect use of the priority service, and to be
>> able
>> > to detect misuse (someone using it that is not authorized or
>> someone
>> > who is authorized but using it incorrectly).
>>
>>    No, the comments were not focused on billing.  Please re-read
>> them
>> more closely.
>
>
>
>
> [MAP] I did, and so can everyone else. You talk mostly about billing.
> Further, you are talking about "packets", which is not the issue here.
> Let's focus on the accounting requirements for priority calls.
>
>
>>
>>    Typically (and specifically in my example), ISPs do *zero*
>> accounting
>> of how many packets/bytes use the preferred service versus the
>> routine service.
>> Generally speaking, the equipment that ISPs use is not capable of
>> such accounting
>> (e.g. for DiffServ, which was my counter example).  In this example,
>> the ISP equipment
>> only performs a pre-configured policy decision (i.e. customer X is
>> permitted to send
>> packets marked preferred xor customer X is not permitted to send
>> packets marked
>> preferred) that is typically implemented as a kind of packet filter
>> on the ingress
>> interface to the ISP from customer X.  Note that in this model, any
>> customer able
>> to send a packet marked as preferred is capable of sending 100% of
>> their traffic
>> with the preferred marking.  Also note that zero *accounting* is
>> occuring.
>>
>> Regards,
>>
>> Ran
>
>
>
>
> [MAP] And I couldn't imagine stating a requirement that anyone must
> record things like number of packets/bytes that are transferred as a
> result of setting up a high priority call. I suppose someone may want
> to bill on that basis, but that was not the point. We're talking about
> requirements for creating a CDR for the call setup, not the
> requirements for counting packet transfer.
>
> Mike Pierce
> Artel

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<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
Mike,
<p>A question for you:
<p>(I really don't want to get caught up in the discussion aspect about
if accounting needs protocol or not.)
<p>My question is simply that in the PSTN network "accounting" consisted
of two different mechanisms. There was the AMA record for the particular
call which generated billing information specific to that call. There also
were a great number of peg counters that provided information about how
often and which special treatments were actually invoked and how often
they resulted in a successful call. Are you envisioning either or both
mechanisms?
<p>Mpierce1@aol.com wrote:
<blockquote TYPE=CITE><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>In a message
dated 10/11/2002 11:00:53 AM Eastern Standard Time, rja@extremenetworks.com
writes:</font></font>
<br>&nbsp;
<br>&nbsp;
<blockquote TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px"><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>On
Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 10:31 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>wrote:</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>> [MAP] Once again, your
response and comments focus of "billing". I was</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>> not talking about "billing".
I am talking about the need to keep call</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>> records in order to detect
use of the priority service, and to be able</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>> to detect misuse (someone
using it that is not authorized or someone</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>> who is authorized but
using it incorrectly).</font></font>
<p><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>&nbsp;&nbsp; No, the comments
were not focused on billing.&nbsp; Please re-read them</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>more closely.</font></font></blockquote>

<br>&nbsp;
<p><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>[MAP] I did, and so can everyone
else. You talk mostly about billing. Further, you are talking about "packets",
which is not the issue here. Let's focus on the accounting requirements
for priority calls.</font></font>
<br>&nbsp;
<blockquote TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">&nbsp;
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>&nbsp;&nbsp; Typically (and
specifically in my example), ISPs do *zero* accounting</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>of how many packets/bytes
use the preferred service versus the routine service.</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>Generally speaking, the
equipment that ISPs use is not capable of such accounting</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>(e.g. for DiffServ, which
was my counter example).&nbsp; In this example, the ISP equipment</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>only performs a pre-configured
policy decision (i.e. customer X is permitted to send</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>packets marked preferred
xor customer X is not permitted to send packets marked</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>preferred) that is typically
implemented as a kind of packet filter on the ingress</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>interface to the ISP from
customer X.&nbsp; Note that in this model, any customer able</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>to send a packet marked
as preferred is capable of sending 100% of their traffic</font></font>
<br><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>with the preferred marking.&nbsp;
Also note that zero *accounting* is occuring.</font></font>
<p><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>Regards,</font></font>
<p><font face="arial,helvetica"><font size=-1>Ran</font></font></blockquote>

<br>&nbsp;
<p><font face="Arial"><font color="#000000"><font size=-1>[MAP] And I couldn't
imagine stating a requirement that anyone must record things like number
of packets/bytes that are transferred as a result of setting up a high
priority call. I suppose someone may want to bill on that basis, but that
was not the point. We're talking about requirements for creating a CDR
for the call setup, not the requirements for counting packet transfer.</font></font></font>
<p><font face="Arial"><font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Mike Pierce</font></font></font>
<br><font face="Arial"><font color="#000000"><font size=-1>Artel</font></font></font></blockquote>
</html>

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On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 12:07 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
wrote:

> [MAP] I did, and so can everyone else. You talk mostly about billing. 
> Further, you are talking about "packets", which is not the issue here. 
> Let's focus on the accounting requirements for priority calls.

You have misread my comments twice so far.

I think the problem is that you are thinking about telephony calls and 
SIP,
which I was not (and am not) talking about.  I'm talking about labels 
in the
context of the general requirements document from Carlberg & Atkinson.

In any event, my comments were NOT about billing -- so if you think they
are, then you aren't reading what I wrote.  And given your track record 
of
problems understanding others words also, I'm now at a loss for words 
on how
to help you understand what I wrote.  Terribly sorry.

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10
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In a message dated 10/9/2002 9:26:58 AM Eastern Standard Time, 
hgs@cs.columbia.edu writes:


> Also, in order to make progress, it may be useful to "forgive" some 
> obviousness in the document and heave this thing (after another round) 
> over the fence to SIPPING, even if one could save a few bytes in the RFC 
> and I-D archive.
> 



[MAP] It's become clear to me, with the ongoing discussion under "Policy and 
labels", that this requirement REQ-7, as currently written, could be 
misinterpreted by some in the future, and may itself become a hinderance to 
making progress.

I would suggest that it be rephrased to refer to SIP specific terminology and 
be very explicit about what the requirement is. Otherwise, this requirement 
should be deleted. I would suggest the following:

REQ-7: Separation of indication and policy. The choice of Header Field Values 
to indicate priority levels should not in themselves describe a particular 
detailed treatment, as it is likely that this depends on the nature of the 
resource and local policy. Instead, it should indicate a particular named 
policy. As an example, instead of specifying a Header Field Value of "Queue, 
no preemption, limit to 3 minutes", the request should indicate a Value of 
"High priority", while the local policy in some or all devices is to provide 
such treatment to "High Priority" calls.

Mike Pierce
Artel


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/9/2002 9:26:58 AM Eastern Standard Time, hgs@cs.columbia.edu writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Also, in order to make progress, it may be useful to "forgive" some 
<BR>obviousness in the document and heave this thing (after another round) 
<BR>over the fence to SIPPING, even if one could save a few bytes in the RFC 
<BR>and I-D archive.
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] It's become clear to me, with the ongoing discussion under "Policy and labels", that this requirement REQ-7, as currently written, could be misinterpreted by some in the future, and may itself become a hinderance to making progress.
<BR>
<BR>I would suggest that it be rephrased to refer to SIP specific terminology and be very explicit about what the requirement is. Otherwise, this requirement should be deleted. I would suggest the following:
<BR>
<BR>REQ-7: Separation of indication and policy. The choice of Header Field Values to indicate priority levels should not in themselves describe a particular detailed treatment, as it is likely that this depends on the nature of the resource and local policy. Instead, it should indicate a particular named policy. As an example, instead of specifying a Header Field Value of "Queue, no preemption, limit to 3 minutes", the request should indicate a Value of "High priority", while the local policy in some or all devices is to provide such treatment to "High Priority" calls.
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) (Accounting)
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In a message dated 10/11/2002 12:51:08 PM Eastern Standard Time, 
rja@extremenetworks.com writes:


> You have misread my comments twice so far.
> 
> I think the problem is that you are thinking about telephony calls and SIP,
> which I was not (and am not) talking about.  I'm talking about labels in the
> context of the general requirements document from Carlberg & Atkinson.
> 
> In any event, my comments were NOT about billing -- so if you think they
> are, then you aren't reading what I wrote.  And given your track record of
> problems understanding others words also, I'm now at a loss for words on how
> to help you understand what I wrote.  Terribly sorry.
> 


Ran,

I really don't understand what you're getting so upset about and why you're 
resorting to such nasty statements. They have no place on this e-mail list.

I hope we're not referring to a different set of your comments, which your 
statement above about me misreading it twice would imply. The text from your 
e-mail of Oct 11 is the following:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------

    A service provider might offer "routine" and "preferred" service using 
DiffServ
for packet marketing.  It likely will charge on a flat-rate basis for this,
with a customer falling into one of two categories:
        routine-only service
        routine-or-preferred service

    In this case, it would be up to the end-user to mark the DiffServ bits
correctly prior to the packet arriving at the service provider.  And
the service provider would probably merely configure the edge device
to re-write the DiffServ bits to "routine" for all customers having the
routine-only service offering.  Existing network equipment often has
this capability because this is what IP service providers have been 
asking for over the past few years.

    I'll observe that today nearly all IP service providers primarily offer
flat-rate billing.  The next most common method (far less common than flat 
rate)
is to count the sum of the traffic moving through an interface over some unit 
of time
and charge based on a percentile (often 90 percentile) of that traffic count.
Most IP service providers do not have the capability to perform packet 
accounting today.
So if accounting is really a requirement, then this service will not be widely
available from IP service providers anytime soon.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------

The first paragraph talks about "charge on a flat-rate basis".
The third paragraph talks about "flat-rate billing" and "charge based on..."

The point I made in my previous e-mail, which you didn't comment on, was that 
the second paragraph, in talking about packets, is outside the scope of the 
discussion on call accounting requirements.

If you would limit your comments to the subject at hand, which is accounting 
requirements to detect misuse of the priority service, and limit it to call 
setup requirements, not packet transfer requirements, maybe we could come to 
some quick agreements on the issues.

Mike Pierce
Artel


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/11/2002 12:51:08 PM Eastern Standard Time, rja@extremenetworks.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">You have misread my comments twice so far.
<BR>
<BR>I think the problem is that you are thinking about telephony calls and SIP,
<BR>which I was not (and am not) talking about. &nbsp;I'm talking about labels in the
<BR>context of the general requirements document from Carlberg &amp; Atkinson.
<BR>
<BR>In any event, my comments were NOT about billing -- so if you think they
<BR>are, then you aren't reading what I wrote. &nbsp;And given your track record of
<BR>problems understanding others words also, I'm now at a loss for words on how
<BR>to help you understand what I wrote. &nbsp;Terribly sorry.
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>
<BR>Ran,
<BR>
<BR>I really don't understand what you're getting so upset about and why you're resorting to such nasty statements. They have no place on this e-mail list.
<BR>
<BR>I hope we're not referring to a different set of your comments, which your statement above about me misreading it twice would imply. The text from your e-mail of Oct 11 is the following:
<BR>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<BR>
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A service provider might offer "routine" and "preferred" service using DiffServ
<BR>for packet marketing. &nbsp;It likely will charge on a flat-rate basis for this,
<BR>with a customer falling into one of two categories:
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;routine-only service
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;routine-or-preferred service
<BR>
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In this case, it would be up to the end-user to mark the DiffServ bits
<BR>correctly prior to the packet arriving at the service provider. &nbsp;And
<BR>the service provider would probably merely configure the edge device
<BR>to re-write the DiffServ bits to "routine" for all customers having the
<BR>routine-only service offering. &nbsp;Existing network equipment often has
<BR>this capability because this is what IP service providers have been 
<BR>asking for over the past few years.
<BR>
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I'll observe that today nearly all IP service providers primarily offer
<BR>flat-rate billing. &nbsp;The next most common method (far less common than flat rate)
<BR>is to count the sum of the traffic moving through an interface over some unit of time
<BR>and charge based on a percentile (often 90 percentile) of that traffic count.
<BR>Most IP service providers do not have the capability to perform packet accounting today.
<BR>So if accounting is really a requirement, then this service will not be widely
<BR>available from IP service providers anytime soon.
<BR>
<BR>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<BR>
<BR>The first paragraph talks about "charge on a flat-rate basis".
<BR>The third paragraph talks about "flat-rate billing" and "charge based on..."
<BR>
<BR>The point I made in my previous e-mail, which you didn't comment on, was that the second paragraph, in talking about packets, is outside the scope of the discussion on call accounting requirements.
<BR>
<BR>If you would limit your comments to the subject at hand, which is accounting requirements to detect misuse of the priority service, and limit it to call setup requirements, not packet transfer requirements, maybe we could come to some quick agreements on the issues.
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) (Accounting)
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In a message dated 10/11/2002 12:30:40 PM Eastern Standard Time, 
goldmans@agcs.com writes:


> My question is simply that in the PSTN network "accounting" consisted of two 
> different mechanisms. There was the AMA record for the particular call 
> which generated billing information specific to that call. There also were 
> a great number of peg counters that provided information about how often 
> and which special treatments were actually invoked and how often they 
> resulted in a successful call. Are you envisioning either or both 
> mechanisms? 
> 


[MAP] I was speaking of the capabilities that would allow the network 
administrator to determine who has violated the rules for use of a priority 
service. That would require "AMA-type" records, even if not used for billing. 
Peg counters (per trunk group, etc) would be a separate issue, but not the 
one to address this need. I don't think we have ever dealt with "Peg count" 
type recording in SIP (nor can I imagine how to).

Hope this helps.

Mike Pierce
Artel


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/11/2002 12:30:40 PM Eastern Standard Time, goldmans@agcs.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">My question is simply that in the PSTN network "accounting" consisted of two different mechanisms. There was the AMA record for the particular call which generated billing information specific to that call. There also were a great number of peg counters that provided information about how often and which special treatments were actually invoked and how often they resulted in a successful call. Are you envisioning either or both mechanisms? 
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] I was speaking of the capabilities that would allow the network administrator to determine who has violated the rules for use of a priority service. That would require "AMA-type" records, even if not used for billing. Peg counters (per trunk group, etc) would be a separate issue, but not the one to address this need. I don't think we have ever dealt with "Peg count" type recording in SIP (nor can I imagine how to).
<BR>
<BR>Hope this helps.
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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As an add-on: while general discussions are certainly useful and maybe 
educational, we, as a WG, also, I believe, want to get some documents 
out the door. Thus, may I suggest that people clearly state
- which, if any, WG document they are addressing in their comments;
- whether they are suggesting changes to an existing document (and 
clearly state those changes, if not as a wording suggestion, then at 
least in what is unclear, incomplete or wrong);
- or requesting clarification without expecting changes.

This would certainly help one document author...

Ken Carlberg wrote:
>>I'm concerned that some folks are reading "label" and inferring
>>"SIP or other telephony application label".  I read "label" and
>>understand that this might be a telephony application label
>>or a DiffServ code point or some other non-telephony label
>>or some other non-application-layer label.
> 
> 
> yes, totally agreed.  part of the motivation of the original note 
> was to get possible feedback that would allow us to expand on the 
> requirement (of the general-requirements draft) on the separation of 
> policy and labels.
> 
> -ken
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ieprep mailing list
> Ieprep@ietf.org
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On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 13:51 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
wrote:
> [MAP] It's become clear to me, with the ongoing discussion under 
> "Policy and labels", that this requirement REQ-7, as currently 
> written, could be misinterpreted by some in the future, and may itself 
> become a hinderance to making progress.

So far, everyone except you seems to be able to understand the written
meaning quite clearly.

For the record, I don't think there is a problem with clarity.

Ran

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On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 13:51 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
wrote:
> If you would limit your comments to the subject at hand, which is 
> accounting requirements to detect misuse of the priority service, and 
> limit it to call setup requirements, not packet transfer requirements, 
> maybe we could come to some quick agreements on the issues.

Au Contraire.

The topic of all of my postings is generalised use of labels (per 
Carlberg's
general requirements draft).

On the topic of telephony requirements, which is different than the 
topic
that I've been talking about, I concur with Ken Carlberg.  There is a 
rough
consensus evident -- that rough consensus is different from your own 
espoused
view.  Like Ken, I don't plan to spend a lot more time responding to 
your
disingenuous postings.

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

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> I CAN see, though that it would make sense to implement, for instance,
> multiple priority classes when you have low bandwidth connections to be
> shared, and a single priority class when you have high bandwidth connections
> to be shared, even if the relative utilization is the same.  I think these
> would count as different policies.

In those cases, I would favor declaring multiple classes and have 
devices that can confidently predict that they don't need this, merge 
multiple priorities into one. That way, the originator doesn't have to 
worry about the remote details and it only affects behavior of the one 
party with intimate knowledge of the local circumstances. This is indeed 
a good example of a different mechanism that achieves the policy goal 
("good treatment for the high-priority folks") with a locally-optimized 
mechanism ("do nothing special for them").


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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] requirements document(s) to SIPPING
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> Somebody mentioned that this added complexity especially over possibly
> different security domains 

Not sure what you mean here.

 > and that the utility of such a feature had
> already been questioned by the SIPPING working group.  

At the danger of repeating myself: One person questioned it. I don't 
think we (that person and I) disagree, we're just thinking of different 
kinds of servers. In some kinds of servers (namely, those where most of 
the work for a request is just getting the request off the wire), it 
makes very little sense, in others, it does.

> 
> That somebody did not say that writing a scheduling algorithm to process
> priority vs. something else was difficult.  (It seems that somebody took an
> OS class when getting a bachelors degree in computer science and doesn't
> consider those types of algorithms challenging.)

I'm assuming that whoever writes servers took an OS class. If not, our 
university will gladly offer such courses for a small fee via distance 
learning :-)

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Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 08:46:30 -0400

If you want to discuss issues with drafts at the Atlanta meeting,
please request a slot to do so, by sending mail to the WG chairs.

Keep in mind:

	It is not the purpose of a WG session to have
	presentation of the content of a document. It
	is assumed that all attendees will have read the
	drafts in advance of the meeting.

	For documents that are work-in-progress, the
	presentation should cover issues resolved since
	the last draft followed by open issues, and
	controversial topics with the intent to reach a
	resolution of said issues and topics.

	For new work items, the presentation should focus on
	what the problem is and why it is necessary for the
	work group to address it.  Further it must be shown how 
	the work falls within the existing charter; no time
	will be allocated for proposals that do not fit the
	current WG charter.  

	The appropriate way of bringing new work to the working
	group is to post an Internet Draft, send a pointer to
	the draft to the mailing list and promote
	discussion on the list. Slots on the agenda should be used
	to discuss outstanding topics that haven't been settled
	on the mailing list.

	Keep the number of slides in presentations small.
	Speakers should budget their at least 25% of their time to
	allow for discussion/questions.

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On Monday, Oct 14, 2002, at 08:46 America/Montreal, King, Kimberly S. 
wrote:
> If you want to discuss issues with drafts at the Atlanta meeting,
> please request a slot to do so, by sending mail to the WG chairs.

	I plan to discuss issues.  I don't want a timeslot though,
because I won't have a presentation.  It would be better, IMHO,
if we had few or no presentations, instead focusing on discussion
of the drafts and how to move forwards.  Procedurally, it is a BAD
IDEA to encourage presentations as the above request does.

	Also, prior to Atlanta it would be helpful if Scott would clarify
which I-Ds are considered to be in scope for this WG at this time.  
We've
got a bunch on the IETF site (both draft-ietf-ieprep and individual 
submissions),
several of which overlap significantly.

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

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[General comment; addresses multiple documents]

Just for clarification: the document that triggered this discussion was
the requirements document authored by myself, which is specifically
meant to be handed to the SIPPING WG and thus addresses SIP
specifically. I suspect that mentioning of analogies in other arenas,
such as DSCPs, might have gotten us into the non-SIP space. The general
requirements document presumably addresses those, although it is not
clear (to me) as to who these requirements are currently addressed to.
We seem to have at least three different types of things that get tagged
with the label 'requirements':

(1) Things we believe networks (operators) should do, using existing
technology.

(2) Additional protocol requirements for existing protocols (such as SIP).

(3) Requirements calling for new protocols.

We clearly have one document in class 2 (for SIP), but it might help if
we could more clearly agree which parts of the other documents fall into
(1) or (3). As far as I can tell, we don't have much in category (2) and 
(3), except possibly concerns except concern expressed at the last WG 
meeting  that applying DiffServ at the packet level is
unwise without a yet-to-be-specified admission control mechanism.

Henning

RJ Atkinson wrote:
 >
 > On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 10:31 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com
 > wrote:
 >
 >>
 >> [MAP] Yes, I guess Henning's comments are helping to make something
 >>  clear (they usually do), but I still don't see what the impact is
 >> to the task at hand which is to define a way to carry an indication
 >> of the priority level of the call through SIP.
 >
 >
 > That task is OUT OF SCOPE for the general IEprep Requirements
 > document.
 >
 > It might be IN SCOPE for a telephony-specific requirements document,
 > depending on how detailed one wanted to get.  Requirements should be
 > high-level, so independent of particular protocols (e.g. SIP).
 >
 > Something in SIP itself (or in DiffServ itself) would be an example
 > of a *mechanism*.  High-level requirements must not specify
 > mechanisms.
 >
 > Ran rja@extremenetworks.com
 >
 > _______________________________________________ Ieprep mailing list
 > Ieprep@ietf.org https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/


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From: "Gunn, Janet" <Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com>
To: "'Henning Schulzrinne'" <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
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Subject: RE: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-1 to REQ-5
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Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 09:31:45 -0400

I absolutely agree that the ORIGINATOR should not have to worry about
different mechanisms/policies on different parts of the path.

-----Original Message-----
From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
Sent: Saturday, October 12, 2002 3:36 PM
To: Gunn, Janet
Cc: King, Kimberly S.; Ieprep (E-mail)
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-1 to REQ-5


> I CAN see, though that it would make sense to implement, for instance,
> multiple priority classes when you have low bandwidth connections to be
> shared, and a single priority class when you have high bandwidth
connections
> to be shared, even if the relative utilization is the same.  I think these
> would count as different policies.

In those cases, I would favor declaring multiple classes and have 
devices that can confidently predict that they don't need this, merge 
multiple priorities into one. That way, the originator doesn't have to 
worry about the remote details and it only affects behavior of the one 
party with intimate knowledge of the local circumstances. This is indeed 
a good example of a different mechanism that achieves the policy goal 
("good treatment for the high-priority folks") with a locally-optimized 
mechanism ("do nothing special for them").

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Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 09:33:14 -0400 (EDT)


Ran asks:
> Also, prior to Atlanta it would be helpful if Scott would clarify
> which I-Ds are considered to be in scope for this WG at this time.  

rather than point to a specific set of IDs it may be better to say
where we are as a WG.  

the primary task on the WG's plate right now is to come to consensus 
on a requirements document to be forwarded to the sipping working group
(obviously that document needs to be  SIP-specific)

once that is done the WG can work on requirements for other ieprep areas
and there are a surfeit of IDs in that space that will have to
be reduced to as few as we can get away with (ideally one)

Scott


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Henning sez:
> Just for clarification: the document that triggered this discussion was
> the requirements document authored by myself, which is specifically
> meant to be handed to the SIPPING WG and thus addresses SIP
> specifically.

(helping my co-chair focus discussion on this document)

draft-ietf-ieprep-sip-reqs-00.txt lists quite a few REQs and SECs (security
requirements) - Kimberly started a REQ-by-REQ discussion of them
and the discussion has been generally useful but I'd also like to
ask if *all* of the requiremnents (both REQ & SEC) are needed - requirements
documents should have only the minimum set of requirements to
ensure that the protocol does what it needs to do to support the
desired functions and no more.

in addition - there should be a discussion to see if there is WG consensus
on sec 5 (network models)

Scott
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> Can someone point me to a definition of the word "label" when used in 
> this context? We are still talking about SIP (I hope), but I do not find 
> the word defined or used in RFC3261.

[Explanation to draft-ietf-ieprep-sip-rp-requirements]

There is no definition of label in SIP. This is meant as a generic term 
that is syntactically a token, logically (speaking C) an 'enum'. SIP, 
like most protocols, contains a number of such elements, basically 
wherever a parameter can assume one of a finite number of pre-defined 
values. These are all the various namespaces registered with IANA (see 
their web page listing under sip-parameters).

Henning


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Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 15:17:45 -0400

I am trying  to go through the requirements in the SIP requirements document
in detail.  I start off with something that needs clarification.

   "Below are some requirements for such a mechanism; security
   requirements are discussed in Section 10.

        REQ-1: Not specific to one mechanism or country: The mechanism
             should not be specific to one country or particular
             priority mechanism.  For example, there are currently at
             least four priority schemes in widespread use: Q.735, with
             five levels, the U.S. defense network and NATO with five
             levels, the United States GETS (Government Emergency
             Telecommunications Systems) scheme with implied higher
             priority and the British Government Telephone Preference
             Scheme (GTPS) system."

This seems to say that "a mechanism must not be specific to a mechanism"
which seems contradictory to me.  Do we mean "a policy must not be specific
to a mechanism"? Or a  "labeling must not be specific to a mechanism"?

It is also not clear what the antecedent for "such a mechanism" is- do we
mean "a mechanism for marking calls to indicate priority"?  Or do we mean "a
mechanism for providing priority service"?

Are Q735, GETS and GTPS supposed to be example of acceptable mechanisms, or
unacceptable ones?  It sounds as if you are saying that, because they (at
least GETS and GTPS) are country specific, they are unacceptable. 

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            "REQ-2: Independent of particular network architecture: The
             mechanism should work in the widest variety of SIP-based
             systems. It should not be restricted to particular
             operators or types of networks, such as wireless networks
             or protocol profiles and dialects in certain types of
             networks."

It depends on whether we are talking about a mechanism for marking (i.e. a
labeling) or a mechanism for providing priority.

If it is a mechanism for providing priority, I don't have a problem with
using different mechanisms in different types of networks (e.g. multiple
priority levels in a low bandwidth sub network, but a single priority level
in a high bandwidth sub network).

If it is a mechanism for marking  priority, then it is certainly desirable
to have the same marking across different technologies.  But there do exist
systems on the telephony side that use different markings in different sub
networks.  This imposes additional requirements on the gateways between
these sub networks, but it can be done.
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Subject:  [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-3
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Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 15:40:33 -0400


            "REQ-3: Invisible to IP network: It should be possible to use
the
             mechanism in IP networks that are unaware of the mechanism
             and in restricted networks. Obviously, such networks will
             not be able to provide enhanced services."

Assuming that "mechanism" means "mechanism for marking", this is a VERY
important requirement.  The failure to meet this requirement (in spite of
standards) in some parts of the circuit switched network has caused
significant problems. 
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Subject:   [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-4
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Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 15:44:03 -0400


        "REQ-4: Usage of existing namespaces: Since there are a number of
             existing resource priority schemes for both the PSTN and
             private networks, it is likely that converged or VoIP
             networks will inherit these naming schemes."

This does not sound like an actual requirement. 

It would certainly be DESIRABLE for the naming conventions in a converged or
VOIP network to reflect the naming conventions in the circuit switched
network.  But not absolutely essential.
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        "'Henning Schulzrinne'"
	 <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
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Subject: RE:   [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-5
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Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 15:45:58 -0400


        "REQ-5: No loss of information: For the CN-IP-CN case, there
             should be no loss of signaling information caused by
             transiting the IP network."

This is ABSOLUTELY ESSENTIAL, and also ties in with REQ 3.
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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-4
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Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 15:53:29 -0400
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This doesn't mean that the name has to be the same, but each existing 
priority scheme should be mappable one-to-one to a SIP-based scheme. 
Otherwise, you'll lose in the translation.

I'll try to reword.

Gunn, Janet wrote:
>         "REQ-4: Usage of existing namespaces: Since there are a number of
>              existing resource priority schemes for both the PSTN and
>              private networks, it is likely that converged or VoIP
>              networks will inherit these naming schemes."
> 
> This does not sound like an actual requirement. 
> 
> It would certainly be DESIRABLE for the naming conventions in a converged or
> VOIP network to reflect the naming conventions in the circuit switched
> network.  But not absolutely essential.

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From: "Gunn, Janet" <Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com>
To: "Gunn, Janet" <Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com>,
        "'Henning Schulzrinne'"
	 <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
Cc: "'King, Kimberly S.'" <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>,
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Subject:  [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6
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Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 15:54:35 -0400


        "REQ-6: Extensibility: New naming schemes may need to be defined
             as resource priority mechanism are applied in additional
             private networks, or if a VoIP-specific priority scheme is
             being defined."

Like REQ 4, this isn't really worded as a requirement.  
Possible rewording: 
"Any naming scheme specified as part of the mechanism should allow for
future expansion. Expanded naming schemes may be needed as resource priority
mechanism are applied in additional private networks, or if a VoIP-specific
priority schemes are defined."
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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-3
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Given the discussion on "mechanism" and "policy", we have a bit of a 
word overload problem. I'll try to more clearly highlight where 
mechanism refers to a "SIP protocol mechanism" or "SIP enhancement". If 
somebody has a less ugly and cumbersome term, let me know.

Gunn, Janet wrote:
>             "REQ-3: Invisible to IP network: It should be possible to use
> the
>              mechanism in IP networks that are unaware of the mechanism
>              and in restricted networks. Obviously, such networks will
>              not be able to provide enhanced services."
> 
> Assuming that "mechanism" means "mechanism for marking", this is a VERY
> important requirement.  The failure to meet this requirement (in spite of
> standards) in some parts of the circuit switched network has caused
> significant problems. 

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Subject:  [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-7
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        "REQ-7: Separation of indication and policy: The indication
             should not describe a particular detailed treatment, as it
             is likely that this depends on the nature of the resource
             and local policy.  Instead, it should invoke a particular
             named policy. As an example, instead of specifying that a
             certain SIP request should be granted queueing priority,
             not cause preemption, but be restricted to three-minute
             sessions, the requests invokes a certain named policy that
             may well have those properties."

Now we have added the word "indication".  Is this the same as "mechanism for
marking"?  If not, how is it different.
We have also added the word "treatment".  Does this mean "mechanism for
providing preferential service"?  In this context is "policy" simply a
"mapping from a 'mechanism for marking' to a 'mechanism for providing
preferential service'"? If so, we need to say so.  If not, what is it? 

The way they are currently worded, REQ 2 and REQ 7 appear, if not
contradictory, at least ambiguous.  I think I understand what you mean, but
only as the result of several exchanges on the list.
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Since mechanism is used for different things in the document, this can 
get confusing. I will try to switch to "SIP indication" to indicate the 
"new" thing that's the subject of the requirement and I'll call 
"priority scheme" (avoiding mechanism or policy) as the general goal and 
the PSTN mechanism.

I reworded the paragraph accordingly.


>         REQ-1: Not specific to one mechanism or country: The mechanism
>              should not be specific to one country or particular
>              priority mechanism.  For example, there are currently at
>              least four priority schemes in widespread use: Q.735, with
>              five levels, the U.S. defense network and NATO with five
>              levels, the United States GETS (Government Emergency
>              Telecommunications Systems) scheme with implied higher
>              priority and the British Government Telephone Preference
>              Scheme (GTPS) system."
> 
> This seems to say that "a mechanism must not be specific to a mechanism"
> which seems contradictory to me.  Do we mean "a policy must not be specific
> to a mechanism"? Or a  "labeling must not be specific to a mechanism"?
> 
> It is also not clear what the antecedent for "such a mechanism" is- do we
> mean "a mechanism for marking calls to indicate priority"?  Or do we mean "a
> mechanism for providing priority service"?
> 
> Are Q735, GETS and GTPS supposed to be example of acceptable mechanisms, or
> unacceptable ones?  It sounds as if you are saying that, because they (at
> least GETS and GTPS) are country specific, they are unacceptable. 

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>             "REQ-2: Independent of particular network architecture: The
>              mechanism should work in the widest variety of SIP-based
>              systems. It should not be restricted to particular
>              operators or types of networks, such as wireless networks
>              or protocol profiles and dialects in certain types of
>              networks."
> 
> It depends on whether we are talking about a mechanism for marking (i.e. a
> labeling) or a mechanism for providing priority.
> 
> If it is a mechanism for providing priority, I don't have a problem with
> using different mechanisms in different types of networks (e.g. multiple
> priority levels in a low bandwidth sub network, but a single priority level
> in a high bandwidth sub network).

As discussed earlier in this general thread, "collapsing" priorities 
into a smaller set of actually implemented behaviors is an 
implementation choice that should not be visible to outside parties.

> 
> If it is a mechanism for marking  priority, then it is certainly desirable
> to have the same marking across different technologies.  But there do exist
> systems on the telephony side that use different markings in different sub
> networks.  This imposes additional requirements on the gateways between
> these sub networks, but it can be done.

However, even if the scheme differs, the sending side should simply find 
out about the schemes, rather the deduce them indirectly. ("Destination 
network uses bit twiddling foo, so I need to use namespace bar" would 
not be good.)

Generally speaking, there is currently no way for the sending system to 
find out whether the gateway terminates in analog circuits, ISUP, bush 
drums, radio circuits or smoke signals. ("Add additional oily rags for 
high-priority calls.")


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Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 17:33:52 -0400



-----Original Message-----
From: Henning Schulzrinne [mailto:hgs@cs.columbia.edu]
Sent: Monday, October 14, 2002 5:17 PM
To: Gunn, Janet
Cc: King, Kimberly S.; Ieprep (E-mail)
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-2


However, even if the scheme differs, the sending side should simply find 
out about the schemes, rather the deduce them indirectly. ("Destination 
network uses bit twiddling foo, so I need to use namespace bar" would 
not be good.)

Generally speaking, there is currently no way for the sending system to 
find out whether the gateway terminates in analog circuits, ISUP, bush 
drums, radio circuits or smoke signals. ("Add additional oily rags for 
high-priority calls.")


[JPG] How does this relate to Req 14?

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From: "Gunn, Janet" <Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com>
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Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 17:54:46 -0400


In section 5, network models:

            "Restricted SIP networks: In restricted SIP networks, users may
             be restricted to particular SIP applications and cannot add
             SIP protocol elements such as header fields or use SIP
             methods beyond a proscribed set. It appears likely that
             3GPP/3GPP2 networks will fall into this category, at least
             initially."

It should be "prescribed", not "proscribed".


In section 7 the "mechanism" seems to be "the mechanism to provide priority
service", whereas in section 6 it seems to be the "mechanism for marking
call requests".

One requirement that seems to be missing, is that SIP should be able to
handle both a marking that says "I am requesting priority treatment foo for
this call, but have not yet been authorized for this call" (analogous to
dialing the prefix 710) AND a marking that says "This call has already been
authorized for priority treatment foo" (analogous to having the "calling
party category" set to "HPC").  Or am I missing something?
 
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> In section 7 the "mechanism" seems to be "the mechanism to provide priority
> service", whereas in section 6 it seems to be the "mechanism for marking
> call requests".

I've gone through the document and tried to replace the generic 
"mechanism" by a more concrete term or omitted it where it wasn't needed.

> 
> One requirement that seems to be missing, is that SIP should be able to
> handle both a marking that says "I am requesting priority treatment foo for
> this call, but have not yet been authorized for this call" (analogous to
> dialing the prefix 710) AND a marking that says "This call has already been
> authorized for priority treatment foo" (analogous to having the "calling
> party category" set to "HPC").  Or am I missing something?

There are, I believe, four cases:

(1) want priority, but not yet authorized -> system should challenge 
user, which leads to case (2)

(2) priority + credentials (e.g., in SIP, a Digest authorization or an 
S/MIME-signed body)

(3) priority + network-asserted identity (NAI): The recipient of the 
request somehow has reason to believe that the NAI is correct and then 
check that the identity can request the service.

(4) priority approved by third party: Here, the recipient has reason to 
believe that the request has been vetted by a trusted third party.

I can spell out these different scenarios if people believe this to be 
helpful. For (2), (3) and (4), there are likely several different 
solutions in SIP.

>  

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> However, even if the scheme differs, the sending side should simply find 
> out about the schemes, rather the deduce them indirectly. ("Destination 
> network uses bit twiddling foo, so I need to use namespace bar" would 
> not be good.)
> 
> Generally speaking, there is currently no way for the sending system to 
> find out whether the gateway terminates in analog circuits, ISUP, bush 
> drums, radio circuits or smoke signals. ("Add additional oily rags for 
> high-priority calls.")
> 
> 
> [JPG] How does this relate to Req 14?

REQ-14 is a consequence of what I said, namely that the originator 
should be able to discover capabilities, but not use any knowledge about 
network characteristics to infer such capabilities.

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I will strive to use the word "indication" consistently throughout the 
document. I hope it strikes the right balance between avoiding 
terminology overload ("mechanism") and being too specific.

Gunn, Janet wrote:
>         "REQ-7: Separation of indication and policy: The indication
>              should not describe a particular detailed treatment, as it
>              is likely that this depends on the nature of the resource
>              and local policy.  Instead, it should invoke a particular
>              named policy. As an example, instead of specifying that a
>              certain SIP request should be granted queueing priority,
>              not cause preemption, but be restricted to three-minute
>              sessions, the requests invokes a certain named policy that
>              may well have those properties."
> 
> Now we have added the word "indication".  Is this the same as "mechanism for
> marking"?  If not, how is it different.
> We have also added the word "treatment".  Does this mean "mechanism for
> providing preferential service"?  In this context is "policy" simply a
> "mapping from a 'mechanism for marking' to a 'mechanism for providing
> preferential service'"? If so, we need to say so.  If not, what is it? 
> 
> The way they are currently worded, REQ 2 and REQ 7 appear, if not
> contradictory, at least ambiguous.  I think I understand what you mean, but
> only as the result of several exchanges on the list.
> _______________________________________________
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        "SEC-1: More rigorous: Prioritized access to network and end
             system resources imposes particularly stringent
             requirements on authentication and authorization
mechanisms
             since access to prioritized resources may impact overall
             system stability and performance, not just result in theft
             of, say, a single phone call.

             The authentication and authorization requirements for ETS
             calls are, in particular, much stronger than for emergency
             calls (112, 911), where wide access is the design
             objective, sacrificing caller identification if necessary."

We talked about this one before.  In reality, you aren't asking for anything
stronger than what is used in some commercial systems today, right?  I think
the "more rigorous" might cause some confusion.

       " SEC-2: Attack protection: Under certain emergency conditions,
             the network infrastructure, including its authentication
             and authorization mechanism, may be under attack. Thus,
             authentication and authorization must be able to survive
             such attacks and defend the resources against these
             attacks."


       " SEC-3: Independent of mechanism: Any indication of the resource
             priority mechanism must be independent of the
             authentication mechanism, since end systems will impose
             different constraints on the applicable authentication
             mechanisms. For example, some end systems may only allow
             user input via a 12-digit keypad, while others may have the
             ability to acquire biometrics or read smartcards."

        "SEC-4: Non-trusted end systems: Since ETS users may use devices
             that are not their own, systems should support
             authentication mechanisms that do not require the user to
             reveal her secret to the device."

An example acceptable solution might help to clarify here.  If a person
enters a PIN or simple password (yes, I know these things are weak security)
is that considered revealing the secret to the device?

       " SEC-5: Subversion of authentication infrastructure: Attackers
             may attempt to subvert the ETS infrastructure by
             overloading it with authentication attempts. Thus,
             mechanisms to delegate authentication and to authenticate
             as early as possible are required. In particular, the
             number of packets and the amount of other resources such as
             computation or storage that an unauthorized user can
             consume needs to be minimized. In general, unauthorized
             users must not be able to block CN resources, as they are
             likely to be more scarce than packet resources.  This
             implies that authentication and authorization must take
             place on the IP network side rather than using, say, a CN
             circuit to authenticate oneself via a DTMF sequence.

             Given the urgency during emergency events, normal
             statistical fraud detection may be less effective, thus
             placing a premium on reliable authentication."

It appears that statements on the number of packets or amount of resources,
or prevention of unauthorized users to block CN resources are policy
statements intended to motivate this requirement that says (redundantly?)
that SEC-2 must hold.  
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        "SEC-6: Replay: The authentication mechanisms must be resistant to
replay attacks.

        SEC-7: Cut-and-paste: The authentication mechanisms must be
             resistant to cut-and-paste attacks.

        SEC-8: Bid-down: The authentication mechanisms must be resistant to
bid down attacks."

I suppose the above could be collapsed into one requirement that the
authentication mechanism is resistant to common attacks (e.g., replay,
cut-and-paste, bid down).

        "SEC-9: Confidentiality: All aspects of ETS are likely to be
             sensitive and must be protected from intercept and
             alteration. In particular, requirements for protecting the
             confidentiality of communications relationships may be
             higher than for normal commercial service. For SIP, the To,
             From, Organization, Subject, Priority and Via header fields  
             are examples of particularly sensitive information."

Aren't some of these fields important for SIP routing?  Do you have an
example solution in mind that would protect these fields?

       " SEC-10: Avoid exposing nature of request: In some circumstances,
             unauthorized users must not be able to discern that a
             particular request is using a resource priority mechanism,
             as that may reveal sensitive information about the nature
             of the request to the attacker."

How does SEC-10 differ from SEC-9?  Maybe you could just add one more
sensitive "field", i.e., the resource priority mechanism itself.
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        "Henning Schulzrinne (E-mail)" <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
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Kimberly asked:
> An example acceptable solution might help to clarify here.  If a person
> enters a PIN or simple password (yes, I know these things are
> weak security) is that considered revealing the secret to the device?

Yes.

You ideally want support for something like a smartcard or SIM that can
authenticate itself to the challenger without revealing the secret it uses
to do so to intermediate points (including the device such as a telephone
that it is working with).


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        "SEC-11: Anonymity: For the reasons noted earlier, users have to
             authenticate themselves towards the network carrying the
             request. The authentication may be based on capabilities
             and noms, not necessarily their civil name. Clearly, they
             may remain anonymous towards the request destination, using the
network-asserted identity and general privacy mechanisms"

Does this type of anonymity require an explicit relationship on the part of
the IP/SIP network and the user?

Do all users require anonymity?  

Suppose we are in the SIP to CSN topology, I assume the request destination
is the SIP gateway (i.e., the destination is seen from the perspective of
the SIP network).  Does this requirement "may remain anonymous towards the
request destination" preclude the gateways ability to authenticate the user?



       " SEC-12: Denial-of-service: ETS systems are likely to be subject
             to deliberate denial-of-service attacks during certain
             types of emergencies. DOS attacks may be launched on the
             network itself as well as its authentication and
             authorization mechanism."

As stated, it appears the requirement is that DOS attacks may be launched.
Since I really doubt that is the desired requirement, what is it that you
are requesting?

        "SEC-13: Minimize resource use by unauthorized users: Systems
             should minimize the amount of state, computation and
             network resources that an unauthorized user can command."

I hate to broach the subject, but this sounds like a policy statement.

        "SEC-14: Avoid amplification: The system must not amplify attacks
             by causing the transmission of more than one packet to a
             network address whose reachability has not been verified."

Is this standard procedure?  If so, why have the requirement?  If not, it
seems like it would delay call setup and require changes for default
behavior (since by SEC-4, ETS users may use phones that are not their own).

Also, do you mean "one packet" or one SIP message?
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        "Henning Schulzrinne (E-mail)" <hgs@cs.columbia.edu>
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Kimberly said:
>>...To, From, Organization, Subject, Priority and Via header fields...
> Aren't some of these fields important for SIP routing?  Do you have an
> example solution in mind that would protect these fields?

Fields that aren't needed for routing can protected end-to-end using S/MIME.
Fields that are can only be protected hop-by-hop using a protocol such as
TLS.

>        " SEC-10: Avoid exposing nature of request: In some circumstances,
>              unauthorized users must not be able to discern that a
>              particular request is using a resource priority mechanism,
>              as that may reveal sensitive information about the nature
>              of the request to the attacker."
>
> How does SEC-10 differ from SEC-9?  Maybe you could just add one more
> sensitive "field", i.e., the resource priority mechanism itself.

You also need to consider problems like: what if devices have to contact one
of a small set of authorisation servers to obtain a credential before making
an ETS call? An attacker could correlate a device making such a request with
a call that it made soon after, unless it had used some type of IP
anonymiser to contact the server.


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Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 13:32:25 +0100
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> Do all users require anonymity?

No.

> Suppose we are in the SIP to CSN topology, I assume the request
destination
> is the SIP gateway (i.e., the destination is seen from the perspective of
> the SIP network).  Does this requirement "may remain anonymous towards the
> request destination" preclude the gateways ability to
> authenticate the user?

No -- remember that we (and the gateway in this scenario) are interested in
the authorisation of a user to make an ETS call, not necessarily in
authenticating their *identity*.

>         "SEC-13: Minimize resource use by unauthorized users: Systems
>              should minimize the amount of state, computation and
>              network resources that an unauthorized user can command."
>
> I hate to broach the subject, but this sounds like a policy statement.

I think it's also an important technical requirement that reduces the impact
of DoS attacks.


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>>        "SEC-6: Replay: The authentication mechanisms must be resistant 
to
>>replay attacks.
>>
>>        SEC-7: Cut-and-paste: The authentication mechanisms must be
>>             resistant to cut-and-paste attacks.
>>
>>        SEC-8: Bid-down: The authentication mechanisms must be resistant 
to
>>bid down attacks."
>
> I suppose the above could be collapsed into one requirement that the
> authentication mechanism is resistant to common attacks (e.g., replay,
> cut-and-paste, bid down).

i would prefer they not be.  Hennings draft is the one example of a
specific set of requirements targetted at a specific protocol.  If
we are to do generalizations, I'd prefer they be in other document(s),
not one going to SIPPING.

cheers,

-ken


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I appreciate all the suggestions, but at some point it's also 
appropriate to ask "does it make a real difference?". This is a 
requirements document for SIPPING, not the US constitution.

> i would prefer they not be.  Hennings draft is the one example of a
> specific set of requirements targetted at a specific protocol.  If
> we are to do generalizations, I'd prefer they be in other document(s),
> not one going to SIPPING.
> 
> cheers,
> 
> -ken
> 

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To all,

The point of a number of my comments the past several weeks is to add a 
requirement to IEPREP as follows. I don't know whether this should go under 
"Security", since by itself it does not provide "security" in the normal 
sense. While this draft concentrates on "ETS", that is, authorized emergency 
calls, this requirement also applies (maybe even stronger) to public dialed 
emergency calls like 911 or 112 and it applies to what I have been proposing 
called "Assured Service".

-----------------------------------------
REQ x: Accountability: The security of ETS depends on being able to 
determine, after the fact, who used the service. This is important in order 
to detect use by unauthorized persons (through theft of passwords, etc.) as 
well as improper use by authorized persons. The system or network must 
provide a capability for maintaining a record of each use, and attempted use, 
of the service, to include whatever identifying information is available.
-----------------------------------------

And before comments related to packet transfer start, the above is not 
intended in any way to imply that any network element should record transfers 
of packets or streams of packets that are marked for "preferential 
treatment". It applies to call setup, i.e., INVITEs. Therefore, it applies 
directly to SIP, which is the subject of this draft.

Mike Pierce
Artel



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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>To all,
<BR>
<BR>The point of a number of my comments the past several weeks is to add a requirement to IEPREP as follows. I don't know whether this should go under "Security", since by itself it does not provide "security" in the normal sense. While this draft concentrates on "ETS", that is, authorized emergency calls, this requirement also applies (maybe even stronger) to public dialed emergency calls like 911 or 112 and it applies to what I have been proposing called "Assured Service".
<BR>
<BR>-----------------------------------------
<BR>REQ x: Accountability: The security of ETS depends on being able to determine, after the fact, who used the service. This is important in order to detect use by unauthorized persons (through theft of passwords, etc.) as well as improper use by authorized persons. The system or network must provide a capability for maintaining a record of each use, and attempted use, of the service, to include whatever identifying information is available.
<BR>-----------------------------------------
<BR>
<BR>And before comments related to packet transfer start, the above is not intended in any way to imply that any network element should record transfers of packets or streams of packets that are marked for "preferential treatment". It applies to call setup, i.e., INVITEs. Therefore, it applies directly to SIP, which is the subject of this draft.
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR>
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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> I appreciate all the suggestions, but at some point it's also 
> appropriate to ask "does it make a real difference?". This is a 
> requirements document for SIPPING, not the US constitution.

agreed.  what i what i was trying to say in the last message is that 
I'd prefer to keep those security related requirements that were
cited "as is" -- ie, don't make changes.

as a side observation, I think its nice that folks are involved
and commenting.  so many times, people have to plead for comments.
but I get the feeling that Hennings document has been sufficiently
examined.  we run the risk of going down every conceiveable 
interpretation to the point where the document is never finished.

it would be nice if we could just get a freeze on it and allow henning
to fold in these last comments, and send it over to SIPPING.  

just my opinion.

-ken


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Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 10:08:15 -0400
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In my view, this is a strictly operational requirement. It is clearly 
trivially possible to record SIP requests, including any priority 
indications or authentication exchanges. If it is more than just keeping 
a log file, SIP itself is not a candidate for conveying such accounting 
records to third parties. The format and detail of such logs or 
accounting records are also beyond the scope of this WG.

Thus, I fail to see how this requirement will in any way influence the 
design choices made in SIP/SIPPING. The requirement is obviously 
harmless (and a good idea for an operator), but, taking Scott's advice, 
I would rather concentrate on things that bear on the design process.

Mpierce1@aol.com wrote:
> To all,
> 
> The point of a number of my comments the past several weeks is to add a 
> requirement to IEPREP as follows. I don't know whether this should go 
> under "Security", since by itself it does not provide "security" in the 
> normal sense. While this draft concentrates on "ETS", that is, 
> authorized emergency calls, this requirement also applies (maybe even 
> stronger) to public dialed emergency calls like 911 or 112 and it 
> applies to what I have been proposing called "Assured Service".
> 
> -----------------------------------------
> REQ x: Accountability: The security of ETS depends on being able to 
> determine, after the fact, who used the service. This is important in 
> order to detect use by unauthorized persons (through theft of passwords, 
> etc.) as well as improper use by authorized persons. The system or 
> network must provide a capability for maintaining a record of each use, 
> and attempted use, of the service, to include whatever identifying 
> information is available.
> -----------------------------------------
> 
> And before comments related to packet transfer start, the above is not 
> intended in any way to imply that any network element should record 
> transfers of packets or streams of packets that are marked for 
> "preferential treatment". It applies to call setup, i.e., INVITEs. 
> Therefore, it applies directly to SIP, which is the subject of this draft.
> 
> Mike Pierce
> Artel
> 

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On Tuesday, Oct 15, 2002, at 09:25 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
wrote:
>  While this draft concentrates on "ETS", that is, authorized emergency 
> calls, this requirement also applies (maybe even stronger) to public 
> dialed emergency calls like 911 or 112 and it applies to what I have 
> been proposing called "Assured Service".

Support for POTS-like 911 and 112 services are out of scope for this 
Working Group,
but should be in scope for SIPPING.   So I'd suggest that you take your 
comments
of that flavour directly over there, rather than raising them here.

> -----------------------------------------
> REQ x: Accountability: The security of ETS depends on being able to 
> determine, after the fact, who used the service.

I do not believe the above sentence is factually true.

If one really think it is true, maybe a starting point would be for one
to provide a more detailed definition of "security".  Words that might 
be
more clear (not sure which one's meaning might be) include for example:
	authentication
	confidentiality
	integrity

> This is important in order to detect use by unauthorized persons 
> (through theft of passwords, etc.) as well as improper use by 
> authorized persons. The system or network must provide a capability 
> for maintaining a record of each use, and attempted use, of the 
> service, to include whatever identifying information is available.

I do not believe this is a legitimate requirement to place on service 
providers.

As long as the service provider has enough capacity to handle both 
legitimate
and non-legitimate calls, there is no functional need for the service 
provider
to detect or account for the non-legitimate uses/users.  This is a 
business tradeoff
between call capacity costs and accounting/detection costs.  Different 
service
providers might legitimately make different decisions for that tradeoff 
based on
differing cost structures.

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

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Subject: [Ieprep] Re: Security Requirements for SIPPING SEC-1 to SEC-5
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King, Kimberly S. wrote:
>         "SEC-1: More rigorous: Prioritized access to network and end
>              system resources imposes particularly stringent
>              requirements on authentication and authorization
> mechanisms
>              since access to prioritized resources may impact overall
>              system stability and performance, not just result in theft
>              of, say, a single phone call.
> 
>              The authentication and authorization requirements for ETS
>              calls are, in particular, much stronger than for emergency
>              calls (112, 911), where wide access is the design
>              objective, sacrificing caller identification if necessary."
> 
> We talked about this one before.  In reality, you aren't asking for anything
> stronger than what is used in some commercial systems today, right?  I think
> the "more rigorous" might cause some confusion.

Clearly, some commercial systems already satisfy this requirement. 
However, the requirement, discussed at the last meeting, I believe, was 
that since priority calls can do more harm than "normal" calls (by 
blocking resources, say), the requirements are in general, more strict. 
I suspect that this requirement won't make much difference in the 
design, but given previous discussions, I'd rather not re-open this one.

>         "SEC-4: Non-trusted end systems: Since ETS users may use devices
>              that are not their own, systems should support
>              authentication mechanisms that do not require the user to
>              reveal her secret to the device."
> 
> An example acceptable solution might help to clarify here.  If a person
> enters a PIN or simple password (yes, I know these things are weak security)
> is that considered revealing the secret to the device?

Yes. Note the 'should' - this may not be feasible or necessary in all cases.

> 
>        " SEC-5: Subversion of authentication infrastructure: Attackers

> It appears that statements on the number of packets or amount of resources,
> or prevention of unauthorized users to block CN resources are policy
> statements intended to motivate this requirement that says (redundantly?)
> that SEC-2 must hold.  

I agree that the two can be merged.

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Subject: [Ieprep] Re: Security Requirements for SIPPING SEC-11 to SEC-14
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>         "SEC-14: Avoid amplification: The system must not amplify attacks
>              by causing the transmission of more than one packet to a
>              network address whose reachability has not been verified."
> 
> Is this standard procedure?  If so, why have the requirement?  If not, it
> seems like it would delay call setup and require changes for default
> behavior (since by SEC-4, ETS users may use phones that are not their own).
> 
> Also, do you mean "one packet" or one SIP message?

Roughly the same thing, unless you have (UDP) fragmentation. I added 'or 
SIP request'.


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From: "King, Kimberly  S." <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
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Subject: RE: [Ieprep] Security Requirements for SIPPING SEC-6 to SEC-10
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> Kimberly said:
> >>...To, From, Organization, Subject, Priority and Via header 
> fields...
> > Aren't some of these fields important for SIP routing?  Do 
> you have an
> > example solution in mind that would protect these fields?
> 
> Ian said:
> Fields that aren't needed for routing can protected 
> end-to-end using S/MIME.
> Fields that are can only be protected hop-by-hop using a 
> protocol such as
> TLS.
> 

Okay.  I am going to bring in some technology, not to mandate solutions, but
rather so we can have a better idea of what is being requested here.

Let's assume that fields like 'TO' that are normally used for SIP routing
are to be protected.  Then Ian points out this protection can be obtained by
hop-by-hop protection (say using TLS).

I then wonder, "does this requirement then limit the solution to only
certain SIP networks?".  In other words, must all SIP proxies support
hop-by-hop protection?  

Heading to RFC 3261, I see SIPS URI is a way to accomplish secure, encrypted
transport
 to carry all SIP messages from the caller to the domain of the callee.  (It
doesn't say this is the only way, but it is one way.)

"All SIP implementations MUST support the SIP URI scheme.  Any
   implementation that supports TLS MUST support the SIPS URI scheme."

So it appears that TLS isn't mandatory.  REQ-3 indicates the mechanism
should be capable of being used in networks "that are only SIP/RTP
transparent".  Unraveling this requirement in its strongest form says the
mechanism is a valid SIP request.  (This is because we want this to pass
through in SIP/RTP networks and we are only guaranteed that valid SIP
messages will pass through these networks.)

Are there other ways to perform hop-by-hop protection that must be supported
by every SIP proxy or is there an underlying assumption about proxies here?
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CC: "'Ian Brown'" <I.Brown@cs.ucl.ac.uk>, "Ieprep (E-mail)" <ieprep@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Security Requirements for SIPPING SEC-6 to SEC-10
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> Okay.  I am going to bring in some technology, not to mandate solutions, but
> rather so we can have a better idea of what is being requested here.
> 
> Let's assume that fields like 'TO' that are normally used for SIP routing
> are to be protected.  Then Ian points out this protection can be obtained by
> hop-by-hop protection (say using TLS).
> 
> I then wonder, "does this requirement then limit the solution to only
> certain SIP networks?".  In other words, must all SIP proxies support
> hop-by-hop protection?  

They should as of today: Section 26.3.1 of RFC 3261 reads

    Proxy servers, redirect servers, and registrars MUST implement TLS,
    and MUST support both mutual and one-way authentication.  It is
    strongly RECOMMENDED that UAs be capable initiating TLS; UAs MAY also
    be capable of acting as a TLS server.



> So it appears that TLS isn't mandatory.  REQ-3 indicates the mechanism

See above. IPsec can be used instead, btw.

> should be capable of being used in networks "that are only SIP/RTP
> transparent".  Unraveling this requirement in its strongest form says the
> mechanism is a valid SIP request.  (This is because we want this to pass
> through in SIP/RTP networks and we are only guaranteed that valid SIP
> messages will pass through these networks.)
> 
> Are there other ways to perform hop-by-hop protection that must be supported
> by every SIP proxy or is there an underlying assumption about proxies here?

Since the Internet as constituted today doesn't offer a generic, 
application-independent encryption service, the answer has to be no. (By 
"offer", I mean "available to any application anywhere, from any ISP".)

As an ooperational practice, we can recommend that networks offering 
IEPREP services support confidentiality (TLS or IPsec), but this would 
be another "unfunded mandate", as they call this in Washington. As 
always, security is not binary - you have to weigh the trade-offs of 
making the call even if you don't get your favorite security solution.


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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10
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In a message dated 10/11/2002 3:18:54 PM Eastern Standard Time, 
rja@extremenetworks.com writes:


> On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 13:51 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
> wrote:
> > [MAP] It's become clear to me, with the ongoing discussion under 
> > "Policy and labels", that this requirement REQ-7, as currently 
> > written, could be misinterpreted by some in the future, and may itself 
> > become a hinderance to making progress.
> 
> So far, everyone except you seems to be able to understand the written
> meaning quite clearly.
> 
> For the record, I don't think there is a problem with clarity.
> 
> 


[MAP] The discussion of "Policy and Labels" began with an e-mail from Ken 
that began "there has been a recurring discussion about policy and labels -- 
people
for it, against it, confused by its separation, etc". I have gone back and 
reviewed all the e-mails, and I don't sense the thread resulted in a common 
understanding of the issue or the conclusion, so the confusion Ken referred 
to still exists. Through much of it, there was a problem with knowing just 
what the scope of the discussion was.

If everyone else understands the meaning of "separation of indication and 
policy" in REQ-7, then perhaps someone can explain it in simple, explicit 
terms. What I am most concerned about is that someone will later say that 
this requirement, after we have agreed to it, means that we can not define 
priority levels as something like "low, mediium, and high".

You didn't comment on my suggested rewording. Is it incorrect?

Mike Pierce
Artel


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/11/2002 3:18:54 PM Eastern Standard Time, rja@extremenetworks.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 13:51 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
<BR>wrote:
<BR>&gt; [MAP] It's become clear to me, with the ongoing discussion under 
<BR>&gt; "Policy and labels", that this requirement REQ-7, as currently 
<BR>&gt; written, could be misinterpreted by some in the future, and may itself 
<BR>&gt; become a hinderance to making progress.
<BR>
<BR>So far, everyone except you seems to be able to understand the written
<BR>meaning quite clearly.
<BR>
<BR>For the record, I don't think there is a problem with clarity.
<BR>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] The discussion of "Policy and Labels" began with an e-mail from Ken that began "there has been a recurring discussion about policy and labels -- people
<BR>for it, against it, confused by its separation, etc". I have gone back and reviewed all the e-mails, and I don't sense the thread resulted in a common understanding of the issue or the conclusion, so the confusion Ken referred to still exists. Through much of it, there was a problem with knowing just what the scope of the discussion was.
<BR>
<BR>If everyone else understands the meaning of "separation of indication and policy" in REQ-7, then perhaps someone can explain it in simple, explicit terms. What I am most concerned about is that someone will later say that this requirement, after we have agreed to it, means that we can not define priority levels as something like "low, mediium, and high".
<BR>
<BR>You didn't comment on my suggested rewording. Is it incorrect?
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10
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The segregation of mechanism and policy/implementation has long been a 
hallmark of Internet design.  It roots back to router design and is fairly 
well (if tacitly) captured in RFC 1812.

The defining historical example is routers -- the mechanism of forwarding IP 
datagrams is unchanged since the early 80s when IPv4 came into general 
ARPANET use (replacing the older Network Control Protocol which suffered from 
several shortcomings, including this lack of separation).

But routers, like computers, have evolved enormously since then.  The trick 
is to keep the forwarding function unchanged and allow everything else to 
evolve.  Germane to this discussion is the evolution of routing information 
protocols.
	
Initially, the ARPANET routers all ran Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and 
were organized into what we would today call a single autonomous system.  RIP 
limited the diameter of the network (I think to 16 routers??).  If your 
destination was more hops away than that, your grams fell off the edge of the 
earth before arrival (I recall this happening to e-mail from my US box to Oz 
(Australia).  So RIP had to evolve ... but we can't rip (sorry) up the whole 
Internet just to replace the routing information protocol.  Fortunately, the 
foresight of router construction allowed us to update these protocols while 
leaving the basic forwarding mechanism unchanged -- today most of the 
Internet is organized as autonomous systems with BGP as the common exterior 
gateway protocol and most autonomous systems running OSPF as the interior 
(although the specific choice is up to the AS administrator).  


This separation has recurred in the use of the DS (ex TOS) byte in IP 
datagrams.  We've long agreed to allocate that byte in the header -- the 
mechanism.  But until fairly recently, IETF had not defined the semantics 
within that byte -- it had been left up to vendors and implementors.  The 
standardization of DSCP was needed in order to ensure that all ISPs read the 
same meaning out of a particular bit setting (there was a mini-big-endian/ 
little-endian spat in here, as I recall) and provide uniform per-hop 
treatment.  

Extending the reasoning to Ken's comments: we are trying to make the basic 
mechanism setup and future-proof it.  1.  because we need a long-term stable 
mechanism and 2. because we don't know all we need to know about the 
implementing altorithms but we can be very sure that the requirements will 
shift at some time in the fairly near future (a war plan making contact with 
the enemy).  The separation is designed to allow both objectives.

On Wednesday 16 October 2002 09:03 am, Mpierce1@aol.com wrote:
> In a message dated 10/11/2002 3:18:54 PM Eastern Standard Time,
>
> rja@extremenetworks.com writes:
> > On Friday, Oct 11, 2002, at 13:51 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com
> >
> > wrote:
> > > [MAP] It's become clear to me, with the ongoing discussion under
> > > "Policy and labels", that this requirement REQ-7, as currently
> > > written, could be misinterpreted by some in the future, and may itself
> > > become a hinderance to making progress.
> >
> > So far, everyone except you seems to be able to understand the written
> > meaning quite clearly.
> >
> > For the record, I don't think there is a problem with clarity.
>
> [MAP] The discussion of "Policy and Labels" began with an e-mail from Ken
> that began "there has been a recurring discussion about policy and labels
> -- people
> for it, against it, confused by its separation, etc". I have gone back and
> reviewed all the e-mails, and I don't sense the thread resulted in a common
> understanding of the issue or the conclusion, so the confusion Ken referred
> to still exists. Through much of it, there was a problem with knowing just
> what the scope of the discussion was.
>
> If everyone else understands the meaning of "separation of indication and
> policy" in REQ-7, then perhaps someone can explain it in simple, explicit
> terms. What I am most concerned about is that someone will later say that
> this requirement, after we have agreed to it, means that we can not define
> priority levels as something like "low, mediium, and high".
>
> You didn't comment on my suggested rewording. Is it incorrect?
>
> Mike Pierce
> Artel

-- 
b
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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ other comments
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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 08:38:39 EDT


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In a message dated 10/14/2002 8:14:46 PM Eastern Daylight Time, 
hgs@cs.columbia.edu writes:


> There are, I believe, four cases:
> 
> (1) want priority, but not yet authorized -> system should challenge 
> user, which leads to case (2)
> 
> (2) priority + credentials (e.g., in SIP, a Digest authorization or an 
> S/MIME-signed body)
> 
> (3) priority + network-asserted identity (NAI): The recipient of the 
> request somehow has reason to believe that the NAI is correct and then 
> check that the identity can request the service.
> 
> (4) priority approved by third party: Here, the recipient has reason to 
> believe that the request has been vetted by a trusted third party.
> 
> I can spell out these different scenarios if people believe this to be 
> helpful. For (2), (3) and (4), there are likely several different 
> solutions in SIP.
> 

[MAP] Good thought! Presuming we are talking strictly about the requirements 
leading to approval of the Resource-Priority Header, then it seems reasonable 
that there are the above 4 cases that need to be signaled. The question 
(later) would be whether an indication of this is an integral part of the 
Resource-Priority Header, or it is more general, i.e., does it also apply to 
other things in the SIP message (besides maybe NAI).

Mike Pierce
Artel


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/14/2002 8:14:46 PM Eastern Daylight Time, hgs@cs.columbia.edu writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">There are, I believe, four cases:
<BR>
<BR>(1) want priority, but not yet authorized -&gt; system should challenge 
<BR>user, which leads to case (2)
<BR>
<BR>(2) priority + credentials (e.g., in SIP, a Digest authorization or an 
<BR>S/MIME-signed body)
<BR>
<BR>(3) priority + network-asserted identity (NAI): The recipient of the 
<BR>request somehow has reason to believe that the NAI is correct and then 
<BR>check that the identity can request the service.
<BR>
<BR>(4) priority approved by third party: Here, the recipient has reason to 
<BR>believe that the request has been vetted by a trusted third party.
<BR>
<BR>I can spell out these different scenarios if people believe this to be 
<BR>helpful. For (2), (3) and (4), there are likely several different 
<BR>solutions in SIP.
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>[MAP] Good thought! Presuming we are talking strictly about the requirements leading to approval of the Resource-Priority Header, then it seems reasonable that there are the above 4 cases that need to be signaled. The question (later) would be whether an indication of this is an integral part of the Resource-Priority Header, or it is more general, i.e., does it also apply to other things in the SIP message (besides maybe NAI).
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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Subject: RE: [Ieprep] Security Requirements for SIPPING 
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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 08:52:36 -0400

Which security requirements in the document are already offered by SIP and
which ones represent new functionality?

For example:

SEC-4 says ETS users may use devises that are not their own.  

REQ-3 implies the resource priority mechanism is a valid SIP message (this
follows from the definition of what it means to be able to pass through the
SIP/RTP transparent network model)

May I infer that the features needed to support the signaling for resource
priority will then be a part of the normal feature set for SIP end nodes?  I
think the answer is yes.

Previously, I asked:
>  In other words, must all SIP 
> proxies support
> hop-by-hop protection?  

Henning replied:
> They should as of today: Section 26.3.1 of RFC 3261 reads
> 
>     Proxy servers, redirect servers, and registrars MUST 
> implement TLS,
>     and MUST support both mutual and one-way authentication.  It is
>     strongly RECOMMENDED that UAs be capable initiating TLS; 
> UAs MAY also
>     be capable of acting as a TLS server.
> 

SEC-9 added hop-by-hop encryption was needed to protect fields like 'to' or
'via'.

Assume that features needed to support the signaling for resource priority
will then be a part of the normal feature set for SIP end nodes along with
the security requirements.  Does this imply that the behavior for UAs would
need to be modified to say they MUST be capable of initiating TLS?

My questions center around "what security requirements represents something
SIP, SIP proxies, SIP end nodes, etc. don't already support"?
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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 14:01:43 +0100


speaking specifically in terms of henning's SIP requirements draft...

> If everyone else understands the meaning of "separation of indication
> and policy" in REQ-7, then perhaps someone can explain it in simple,
> explicit terms. What I am most concerned about is that someone will 
> later say that this requirement, after we have agreed to it, means that
> we can not define priority levels as something like "low, mediium, and
> high". 

simple answer (in my opinion): yes, you can define priority levels as 
"low, mediium, and high", though presumably you'll want to be more 
specific and state "low" in relation to what (e.g., drop precedence).

from the original requirements in Hennings draft...

        REQ-7: Separation of indication and policy: The indication
             should not describe a particular detailed treatment, as it
             is likely that this depends on the nature of the resource
             and local policy.  Instead, it should invoke a particular
             named policy. As an example, instead of specifying that a
             certain SIP request should be granted queueing priority,
             not cause preemption, but be restricted to three-minute
             sessions, the requests invokes a certain named policy that
             may well have those properties.

notice the use of the term "detailed treatment".  I had read that as
*how* with respect to an implementation/mechanism a label is to be 
supported.  next, to borrow from an earlier exchange between yourself 
and Henning...

  Date: Wed, 09 Oct 2002 09:24:55 -0400
   From: Mpierce1@aol.com
  > If two priority values are "low" and "high", would someone claim that 
  > this violates the above requirement? The "indication" certainly 
  > describes something about the treament.

   From:Henning Schulzrinne
  I think the litmus test is that one should be able to specify, for each 
  such label, at least two independent and interoperable implementations 
  that are different in the behavioral details (such as queueing, 
  dropping, rerouting, traffic controls, etc.).

notice the use of the term "implementations".  again, I read that
as how something is to be done.  If henning changes the wording of
"detailed treatment" to "implementation", does that help you accept
REQ-7 above? (this in addition to the other changes he has agreed on)

--------------

switching over to my thread of "policy & labels", i originally stated:

  Another way of distinguishing traffic is to use a set of *related* 
  labels. This set may convey various measures of a characteristic that 
  is internal to that set.

I needed to be more general in my statement so that it could be a
applied to SIP or DSCP (or some other type of label).  the intent
of my choosing the word "related labels" and "characteristic" was to 
specifically satisfy your concern/need to be able to define labels
in the general sense of something like "low medium high".  further,
I cited AF as an example of prior art that represents a set of 
labels related to each other (ie, the same class) that have a 
different measure of a shared characteristic (eg, drop precedence).

my hope is that this issue is coming to a close.

> [MAP] The discussion of "Policy and Labels" began with an e-mail from
> Ken that began "there has been a recurring discussion about policy and
> labels -- people for it, against it, confused by its separation, etc". 
> I have gone back and reviewed all the e-mails, and I don't sense the
> thread resulted in a common understanding of the issue or the conclusion,
> so the confusion Ken referred to still exists. Through much of it, there
> was a problem with knowing just what the scope of the discussion was. 

the scope of the discussion is a bit of a rat hole and an unfortunate
distraction.  my need was to say something that can apply to labeling
schemas beyond SIP.  henning's need is to be more specific and focus
on SIP.  (roughly similar to one person talking about fruits, and 
another talking about apples -- a type of fruit).  but its probably best 
to drop this last particular line of discussion.

best wishes,

-ken




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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 10:22:43 -0400

Addressing just the first part-

In my mind the independence of  indication and policy does not in any way
inhibit me from naming my indications "low, medium, high".  But, at the same
time, it does not PREVENT me from implementing a policy under which (at
least under some circumstances), calls labeled "low" get better performance
than calls labeled "high".  

(An example would be that calls labeled "high" get priority as long as the
volume of "high priority calls" remains below a threshold.  Once the volume
crosses that threshold, they get worse treatment.)



-----Original Message-----
From: Ken Carlberg [mailto:K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk]
Sent: Thursday, October 17, 2002 9:02 AM
To: Mpierce1@aol.com
Cc: rja@extremenetworks.com; ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10



speaking specifically in terms of henning's SIP requirements draft...

> If everyone else understands the meaning of "separation of indication
> and policy" in REQ-7, then perhaps someone can explain it in simple,
> explicit terms. What I am most concerned about is that someone will 
> later say that this requirement, after we have agreed to it, means that
> we can not define priority levels as something like "low, mediium, and
> high". 

simple answer (in my opinion): yes, you can define priority levels as 
"low, mediium, and high", though presumably you'll want to be more 
specific and state "low" in relation to what (e.g., drop precedence).
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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10
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In a message dated 10/17/2002 3:02:21 PM W. Europe Daylight Time, 
K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk writes:


> simple answer (in my opinion): yes, you can define priority levels as 
> "low, mediium, and high", though presumably you'll want to be more 
> specific and state "low" in relation to what (e.g., drop precedence).
> 


Thanks for the clarification, but your reference above to "drop precedence" 
is maybe where the confusion is. This implies that it would be okay to define 
a "priority level" for call setup as "low, with a higher packet drop 
precedence", but I have always understood that this was not a good idea, and 
that the point of REQ-7 and Hennings's remarks was to say that this should 
not be done since it was too specific and includes local policy into the 
actual priority value name.

Mike Pierce
Artel


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/17/2002 3:02:21 PM W. Europe Daylight Time, K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">simple answer (in my opinion): yes, you can define priority levels as 
<BR>"low, mediium, and high", though presumably you'll want to be more 
<BR>specific and state "low" in relation to what (e.g., drop precedence).
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>
<BR>Thanks for the clarification, but your reference above to "drop precedence" is maybe where the confusion is. This implies that it would be okay to define a "priority level" for call setup as "low, with a higher packet drop precedence", but I have always understood that this was not a good idea, and that the point of REQ-7 and Hennings's remarks was to say that this should not be done since it was too specific and includes local policy into the actual priority value name.
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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> Thanks for the clarification, but your reference above to "drop 
> precedence" is maybe where the confusion is. This implies that it 
> would be okay to define a "priority level" for call setup as "low, 
> with a higher packet drop precedence", but I have always understood 
> that this was not a good idea, and that the point of REQ-7 and 
> Hennings's remarks was to say that this should not be done since it 
> was too specific and includes local policy into the actual priority 
> value name. 

(keeping in mind that we are viewing "drop precedence" as only an
example -- I'm not advocating or dismissing it, and we are constraining 
our perspective to SIP)....

from my view, there are three things that are not a good idea.  one 
is to articulate the mechanism and rules to *achieve* drop precedence, 
which is something that Henning has been discussing.  we want a
measure of lattitude so that several ways can be used to achieve it.
further, that the measure of drop precedence should also be a local 
policy.

the second is to avoid high level abstract characteristics.

third, when defining a label, one wouldn't want to embed in its
definition the relationship between it and non-related labels -- for 
example, MLPP labels and a NS/EP label are to be viewed as totally
unrelated.  the relationship of non-related labels is strictly a local 
policy issue and subject to the service that has been contracted.


finally, we also want to accept that labels may have additional
constraints or characteristics applied to them as a function of
local policy.  hence, a provider may be contracted to provide a
form of pre-emption for one customer using for example NS/EP, while 
another provider may be contracted to not support pre-emption for 
the same label.  that decision is a matter of local policy.

-ken


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Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 10:31:53 EDT
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10
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In a message dated 10/17/2002 4:25:14 PM W. Europe Daylight Time, 
Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com writes:


> Addressing just the first part-
> 
> In my mind the independence of  indication and policy does not in any way
> inhibit me from naming my indications "low, medium, high".  But, at the same
> time, it does not PREVENT me from implementing a policy under which (at
> least under some circumstances), calls labeled "low" get better performance
> than calls labeled "high".  
> 
> (An example would be that calls labeled "high" get priority as long as the
> volume of "high priority calls" remains below a threshold.  Once the volume
> crosses that threshold, they get worse treatment.)
> 
> 

[MAP] Certainly, the treatment provided in any network element is subject to 
local control, but I would find it hard to believe that any customer of a 
priority service would accept a performance as you've described above, 
presuming that, by the last phrase, you meant "they get worse treatment than 
the lower priority calls". I certainly hope that we can figure out how to do 
better than that. I guess this would prompt me to suggest the following 
additional requirement if and when we start talking about requirements for 
treatments or procedures:

"If a priority value is intended to get better service, e.g., higher call 
setup probability, it must not be provided a worse service than lower 
priority calls no matter what the traffic situation is."

Mike Pierce
Artel


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/17/2002 4:25:14 PM W. Europe Daylight Time, Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Addressing just the first part-
<BR>
<BR>In my mind the independence of &nbsp;indication and policy does not in any way
<BR>inhibit me from naming my indications "low, medium, high". &nbsp;But, at the same
<BR>time, it does not PREVENT me from implementing a policy under which (at
<BR>least under some circumstances), calls labeled "low" get better performance
<BR>than calls labeled "high". &nbsp;
<BR>
<BR>(An example would be that calls labeled "high" get priority as long as the
<BR>volume of "high priority calls" remains below a threshold. &nbsp;Once the volume
<BR>crosses that threshold, they get worse treatment.)
<BR>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>[MAP] Certainly, the treatment provided in any network element is subject to local control, but I would find it hard to believe that any customer of a priority service would accept a performance as you've described above, presuming that, by the last phrase, you meant "they get worse treatment than the lower priority calls". I certainly hope that we can figure out how to do better than that. I guess this would prompt me to suggest the following additional requirement if and when we start talking about requirements for treatments or procedures:
<BR>
<BR>"If a priority value is intended to get better service, e.g., higher call setup probability, it must not be provided a worse service than lower priority calls no matter what the traffic situation is."
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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Subject: RE: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10
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>Certainly, the treatment provided in any network element is subject to
> local control, but I would find it hard to believe that any customer of a 
>priority service would accept a performance as you've described above, 
>presuming that, by the last phrase, you meant "they get worse 
>treatment than the lower priority calls". I certainly hope that we can 
>figure out how to do better than that. I guess this would prompt me to 
>suggest the following additional requirement if and when we start 
>talking about requirements for treatments or procedures: 
> "If a priority value is intended to get better service, e.g., higher call 
>setup probability, it must not be provided a worse service than 
> lower priority calls no matter what the traffic situation is." 

This is policy.  We don't need to discuss this aspect...just requirements
for indication, labeling, marking or whatever it is currently being called.

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Security Requirements for SIPPING
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King, Kimberly S. wrote:
> Which security requirements in the document are already offered by SIP and
> which ones represent new functionality?
> 
> For example:
> 
> SEC-4 says ETS users may use devises that are not their own.  

This can be done with existing SIP implementations, but it probably 
won't work with existing devices, as they don't "export" their 
challenges. While I'm not aware of any implementations, it is quite easy 
to layer a one-time password (OTP) scheme on top of SIP Digest. The 
untrusted device would only be given a secret that's valid once and 
can't be used for anything else. This requires no extensions to SIP, but 
a draft describing the mechanism wouldn't hurt. This would be 
independent of ETS.

> 
> REQ-3 implies the resource priority mechanism is a valid SIP message (this
> follows from the definition of what it means to be able to pass through the
> SIP/RTP transparent network model)
> 
> May I infer that the features needed to support the signaling for resource
> priority will then be a part of the normal feature set for SIP end nodes?  I
> think the answer is yes.

Indeed. Currently, I see no special protocol enhancements that are 
required to support the security needs of ETS. Operationally, systems 
may require stronger measures than they might for ordinary calls. As 
noted, making any detailed recommendations is beyond the scope of a 
protocol requirements draft, although pointing out the particular 
vulnerabilities seems harmless.


> SEC-9 added hop-by-hop encryption was needed to protect fields like 'to' or
> 'via'.
> 
> Assume that features needed to support the signaling for resource priority
> will then be a part of the normal feature set for SIP end nodes along with
> the security requirements.  Does this imply that the behavior for UAs would
> need to be modified to say they MUST be capable of initiating TLS?

No, this is not necessary. A user can already insist on an encrypted 
signaling session by using the RFC 3261 sips:  URI scheme. If the 
terminal (UA) does not support this, the caller trying to place an ETS 
call then has to make a judgement call and accept reduced signaling 
confidentiality or forego making the call.

> 
> My questions center around "what security requirements represents something
> SIP, SIP proxies, SIP end nodes, etc. don't already support"?

I hope the above clarifies this issue. As with other protocols, SIP 
security is a continuum, not a "is insecure/is secure" binary choice. I 
suspect the largest security threat in practice may well be people 
losing their GETS cards while going through airport screening...



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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10
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On Friday, Oct 18, 2002, at 10:31 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
wrote:
> "If a priority value is intended to get better service, e.g., higher 
> call setup probability, it must not be provided a worse service than 
> lower priority calls no matter what the traffic situation is."

This is roughly impossible to guarantee in a large production IP 
network.  This
might mean that folks really want to use the PSTN instead.  Trying to 
mandate the
above in these requirements would tend to mean that few (if any) ISPs 
would
agree to contract to provide the IEprep service.  That outcome seems to 
be
counter-productive.

So I oppose the above proposal.

Ran

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From: "Gunn, Janet" <Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com>
To: "'Mpierce1@aol.com'" <Mpierce1@aol.com>
Cc: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10
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There are systems (existing or under development) in the Circuit Switched
world which behave as I described.  In some contexts, without such
constraints, carriers are reluctant to offer priority service at all.  I
would oppose the suggested requirement as "shooting ourselves in the foot."

-----Original Message-----
From: Mpierce1@aol.com [mailto:Mpierce1@aol.com]
Sent: Friday, October 18, 2002 10:32 AM
To: Gunn, Janet
Cc: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10


In a message dated 10/17/2002 4:25:14 PM W. Europe Daylight Time,
Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com writes: 




Addressing just the first part- 

In my mind the independence of  indication and policy does not in any way 
inhibit me from naming my indications "low, medium, high".  But, at the same

time, it does not PREVENT me from implementing a policy under which (at 
least under some circumstances), calls labeled "low" get better performance 
than calls labeled "high".   

(An example would be that calls labeled "high" get priority as long as the 
volume of "high priority calls" remains below a threshold.  Once the volume 
crosses that threshold, they get worse treatment.) 





[MAP] Certainly, the treatment provided in any network element is subject to
local control, but I would find it hard to believe that any customer of a
priority service would accept a performance as you've described above,
presuming that, by the last phrase, you meant "they get worse treatment than
the lower priority calls". I certainly hope that we can figure out how to do
better than that. I guess this would prompt me to suggest the following
additional requirement if and when we start talking about requirements for
treatments or procedures: 

"If a priority value is intended to get better service, e.g., higher call
setup probability, it must not be provided a worse service than lower
priority calls no matter what the traffic situation is." 

Mike Pierce 
Artel 



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<META content="MSHTML 5.50.4134.600" name=GENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=920334623-18102002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>There 
are systems (existing or under development) in the Circuit Switched world which 
behave as I described.&nbsp; In some contexts, without such constraints, 
carriers are reluctant to offer priority service at all.&nbsp; I would oppose 
the suggested requirement as "shooting ourselves in the 
foot."</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
  <DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr align=left><FONT face=Tahoma 
  size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> Mpierce1@aol.com 
  [mailto:Mpierce1@aol.com]<BR><B>Sent:</B> Friday, October 18, 2002 10:32 
  AM<BR><B>To:</B> Gunn, Janet<BR><B>Cc:</B> ieprep@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> 
  Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10<BR><BR></FONT></DIV><FONT 
  face=arial,helvetica><FONT size=2>In a message dated 10/17/2002 4:25:14 PM W. 
  Europe Daylight Time, Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com writes: <BR><BR><BR>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px" 
  TYPE="CITE">Addressing just the first part- <BR><BR>In my mind the 
    independence of &nbsp;indication and policy does not in any way <BR>inhibit 
    me from naming my indications "low, medium, high". &nbsp;But, at the same 
    <BR>time, it does not PREVENT me from implementing a policy under which (at 
    <BR>least under some circumstances), calls labeled "low" get better 
    performance <BR>than calls labeled "high". &nbsp; <BR><BR>(An example would 
    be that calls labeled "high" get priority as long as the <BR>volume of "high 
    priority calls" remains below a threshold. &nbsp;Once the volume <BR>crosses 
    that threshold, they get worse treatment.) <BR><BR></FONT><FONT lang=0 
    face=Arial color=#000000 size=3 
  FAMILY="SANSSERIF"></BLOCKQUOTE><BR></FONT><FONT lang=0 face=Arial 
  color=#000000 size=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF"><BR>[MAP] Certainly, the treatment 
  provided in any network element is subject to local control, but I would find 
  it hard to believe that any customer of a priority service would accept a 
  performance as you've described above, presuming that, by the last phrase, you 
  meant "they get worse treatment than the lower priority calls". I certainly 
  hope that we can figure out how to do better than that. I guess this would 
  prompt me to suggest the following additional requirement if and when we start 
  talking about requirements for treatments or procedures: <BR><BR>"If a 
  priority value is intended to get better service, e.g., higher call setup 
  probability, it must not be provided a worse service than lower priority calls 
  no matter what the traffic situation is." <BR><BR>Mike Pierce <BR>Artel 
<BR></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sun Oct 20 18:36:53 2002
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Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2002 18:35:02 -0400
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CC: KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com, ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10
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Since the requirement document doesn't specifically call for header 
fields and we were asked to avoid pre-supposing a particular SIP 
solution, I'd rather not call out the actual protocol details (header) 
at this time.

(This isn't completely disingenuous. There are, after all, several 
possible SIP indications, such as a special new SIP method, a sip: or 
tel: URI parameter, a SIP header, a special SIP payload or some 
yet-to-be-specified out-of-band mechanism. Whether all of them make 
sense is a SIP WG discussion to be had, based on these requirements.)

> [MAP] It's become clear to me, with the ongoing discussion under "Policy 
> and labels", that this requirement REQ-7, as currently written, could be 
> misinterpreted by some in the future, and may itself become a hinderance 
> to making progress.
> 
> I would suggest that it be rephrased to refer to SIP specific 
> terminology and be very explicit about what the requirement is. 
> Otherwise, this requirement should be deleted. I would suggest the 
> following:
> 
> REQ-7: Separation of indication and policy. The choice of Header Field 
> Values to indicate priority levels should not in themselves describe a 
> particular detailed treatment, as it is likely that this depends on the 
> nature of the resource and local policy. Instead, it should indicate a 
> particular named policy. As an example, instead of specifying a Header 
> Field Value of "Queue, no preemption, limit to 3 minutes", the request 
> should indicate a Value of "High priority", while the local policy in 
> some or all devices is to provide such treatment to "High Priority" calls.
> 
> Mike Pierce
> Artel

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Subject: [Ieprep] sip-reqs-01
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I plan to submit
http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/sip/drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-sip-reqs-01.txt
to the I-D editor tomorrow afternoon. Please let me know if any of your 
suggestions were not properly incorporated or if you find other 
last-minute problems.

Thanks.

Henning

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From: "Stuart (Stu) Goldman" <goldmans@agcs.com>
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Henning,

In reading the document I noticed in Section 3, SIP proxy resources:

..." Responses should naturally receive the same treatment as responses."  Is
this what was intended or should the text read "Responses should naturally
receive the same treatment as requests." ?

Henning Schulzrinne wrote:

> I plan to submit
> http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~hgs/sip/drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-sip-reqs-01.txt
> to the I-D editor tomorrow afternoon. Please let me know if any of your
> suggestions were not properly incorporated or if you find other
> last-minute problems.
>
> Thanks.
>
> Henning
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ieprep mailing list
> Ieprep@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep

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Oops, yes. Not sure whether it'll make it into -01 or not.

Stuart (Stu) Goldman wrote:

> Henning,
>
> In reading the document I noticed in Section 3, SIP proxy resources:
>
> ..." Responses should naturally receive the same treatment as 
> responses."  Is
> this what was intended or should the text read "Responses should naturally
> receive the same treatment as requests." ?
>
> Henning Schulzrinne wrote:
>

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Internet Emergency Preparedness Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Requirements for Resource Priority Mechanisms for the 
                          Session Initiation Protocol
	Author(s)	: H. Schulzrinne
	Filename	: draft-ietf-ieprep-sip-reqs-01.txt
	Pages		: 16
	Date		: 2002-10-21
	
This document summarizes requirements for prioritizing access to
circuit-switched network, end system and proxy resources for
emergency preparedness communications using the Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP).

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From: "Cullen Jennings" <fluffy@cisco.com>
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Glad to see a draft like this. If Ieprep is the wrong list to post comments
on, please accept my apologies.


Few clarification:

What datum are you using (I suggest WGS 84) - keep in mind NAD 27 can differ
from WGS 84 by 200 meters - which is real big deal for E911.

UTM coordinates are widely used and include a built in way of describing the
accuracy of the measurement.  Perhaps they should be considered.

Is the ground floor 0 or 1? Same for NA and Europe?

In the Lat/Lon, what is the worst error if all the bits are used. Would be
sort of nice to know.

The fractional bits seem like they might need a bit more info to define how
they are computed.

Should you mention byte order issues?

Thanks, Cullen

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP requirements for accounting
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In a message dated 10/15/2002 4:44:29 PM W. Europe Daylight Time, 
rja@extremenetworks.com writes:


> I do not believe this is a legitimate requirement to place on service 
> providers.
> 
> As long as the service provider has enough capacity to handle both 
> legitimate
> and non-legitimate calls, there is no functional need for the service 
> provider
> to detect or account for the non-legitimate uses/users.  This is a business 
> tradeoff
> between call capacity costs and accounting/detection costs.  Different 
> service
> providers might legitimately make different decisions for that tradeoff 
> based on
> differing cost structures.
> 

[MAP] Whether or not the service provider needs or wants to keep detailed 
call records is independent of whether or not they have "enough capacity". 
Besides, the whole subject here in IEPREP is for the case in which there is 
not enough capacity. So there is no "business tradeoff".

I am proposing that Accounting is a requirement for a very large service 
provider/network operator (US Defense Department). It is not proper to say 
that it is not a legitimate requirement to place on such a service provider. 
It is the service provider itself that demands this capability. My comment is 
that the IETF must take this functionality into account in the development of 
any protocol, not that every service provider must support it.

For the GETS case, which we are attempted to "convert" to the IP environment 
- if the US government says they need detailed call records, and they 
contract with the service provider to provide them, and they are willing to 
pay the additional cost associated with doing it, you can't say that it is 
not a legitimate requirement. Yes, it is up to the service provider if they 
want to do business with the government, but the standard needs to define how 
they must do it to comply.

Mike Pierce
Artel



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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/15/2002 4:44:29 PM W. Europe Daylight Time, rja@extremenetworks.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">I do not believe this is a legitimate requirement to place on service providers.
<BR>
<BR>As long as the service provider has enough capacity to handle both legitimate
<BR>and non-legitimate calls, there is no functional need for the service provider
<BR>to detect or account for the non-legitimate uses/users. &nbsp;This is a business tradeoff
<BR>between call capacity costs and accounting/detection costs. &nbsp;Different service
<BR>providers might legitimately make different decisions for that tradeoff based on
<BR>differing cost structures.
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">
<BR>[MAP] Whether or not the service provider needs or wants to keep detailed call records is independent of whether or not they have "enough capacity". Besides, the whole subject here in IEPREP is for the case in which there is not enough capacity. So there is no "business tradeoff".
<BR>
<BR>I am proposing that Accounting is a requirement for a very large service provider/network operator (US Defense Department). It is not proper to say that it is not a legitimate requirement to place on such a service provider. It is the service provider itself that demands this capability. My comment is that the IETF must take this functionality into account in the development of any protocol, not that every service provider must support it.
<BR>
<BR>For the GETS case, which we are attempted to "convert" to the IP environment - if the US government says they need detailed call records, and they contract with the service provider to provide them, and they are willing to pay the additional cost associated with doing it, you can't say that it is not a legitimate requirement. Yes, it is up to the service provider if they want to do business with the government, but the standard needs to define how they must do it to comply.
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR>
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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In a message dated 10/19/2002 1:50:29 AM W. Europe Daylight Time, 
Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com writes:


> There are systems (existing or under development) in the Circuit Switched 
> world which behave as I described.  In some contexts, without such 
> constraints, carriers are reluctant to offer priority service at all.  I 
> would oppose the suggested requirement as "shooting ourselves in the foot."
> 



[MAP] I'm surprised by the responses to my suggestion that there should be 
requirement that:

"If a priority value is intended to get better service, e.g., higher call 
setup probability, it must not be provided a worse service than lower 
priority calls no matter what the traffic situation is." 

If I had suggested that the priority call must always get better service no 
matter what the traffic situation, I could understand the objection, but I 
proposed "not worse", i.e., "the same as" if a network can't do better. An 
architecture or solution which reserves a certain amount of bandwidth (or 
circuits) for the high priority traffic, and doesn't let high priority 
traffic overflow to fairly use the other bandwidth (or circuits) should not 
be acceptable.

I don't know what the situation is with WPS. I suspect the limitations there 
have something to do with the radio interface bandwidth limit and allocation 
method. Even there, I would think that the excess WPS traffic would get equal 
treatment with non-WPS traffic. Why (and how) would any carrier object to 
that?

Mike Pierce
Artel






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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2>In a message dated 10/19/2002 1:50:29 AM W. Europe Daylight Time, Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">There are systems (existing or under development) in the Circuit Switched world which behave as I described. &nbsp;In some contexts, without such constraints, carriers are reluctant to offer priority service at all. &nbsp;I would oppose the suggested requirement as "shooting ourselves in the foot."
<BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>[MAP] I'm surprised by the responses to my suggestion that there should be requirement that:
<BR>
<BR>"If a priority value is intended to get better service, e.g., higher call setup probability, it must not be provided a worse service than lower priority calls no matter what the traffic situation is." 
<BR>
<BR>If I had suggested that the priority call must always get better service no matter what the traffic situation, I could understand the objection, but I proposed "not worse", i.e., "the same as" if a network can't do better. An architecture or solution which reserves a certain amount of bandwidth (or circuits) for the high priority traffic, and doesn't let high priority traffic overflow to fairly use the other bandwidth (or circuits) should not be acceptable.
<BR>
<BR>I don't know what the situation is with WPS. I suspect the limitations there have something to do with the radio interface bandwidth limit and allocation method. Even there, I would think that the excess WPS traffic would get equal treatment with non-WPS traffic. Why (and how) would any carrier object to that?
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Oct 23 09:21:10 2002
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It is not clear to me that this is a problem the IEPREP working group 
can solve, realistically. There are probably at least three sub-problems 
hiding behind the 'accounting' label:

(1) an overall architecture - who needs to deliver what data to whom 
with what timeliness and assurance;

(2) what protocols should be used in the transport of such data;

(3) the precise data formats for off-line or near-real-time exchange.

Clearly, there is very little agreement on (1), with advocates of 
web-services approaches, RADIUS, DIAMETER, "just ship tapes" and who 
knows what other architectures all having valid arguments. I doubt that 
IEPREP will have any more success than earlier efforts in picking a 
winner here, even assuming that it should.

(2) is mostly solved (within the IETF), with DIAMETER, but issues of how 
non-NAS applications use DIAMETER are still pending (see the various 
AAA-for-SIP drafts, say).

(3) See IPDR.org.

There are a number of on-going efforts in the SIPPING WG to define AAA 
requirements for SIP sessions, as well as obviously the more general 
on-going AAA work (DIAMETER WG). Unless there is a clear perception that 
IEPREP requirements differ in some fundamental way from these 
requirements, I wonder what value IEPREP can add to the discussion.

I believe the one useful contribution would be to highlight any major 
additional requirements that IEPREP-style services impose on accounting, 
regardless of the lower-level details, compared to ordinary commercial 
service. To be useful, this has to be more specific than variations on 
"IEPREP calls are more important, so accounting is more important" or 
general statements that accounting should be correct, trustable and all 
the other non-Enron properties.

>
> For the GETS case, which we are attempted to "convert" to the IP
> environment - if the US government says they need detailed call records,
> and they contract with the service provider to provide them, and they
> are willing to pay the additional cost associated with doing it, you
> can't say that it is not a legitimate requirement. Yes, it is up to the
> service provider if they want to do business with the government, but
> the standard needs to define how they must do it to comply.
>
> Mike Pierce
> Artel
>

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WHY the carriers object- because it puts the carriers which offer the
priority service at a marketing disadvantage (wrt customers not entitled to
the priority service) with carriers not offering the priority service.
(While an approach COULD be devised which met your proposed requirement and
the carriers quantitative concerns, the development cost would have been
much higher, and it still might not have overcome the marketing
"perception.")
 
HOW the carriers object - by simply not submitting a bid to offer the
priority service at all.

-----Original Message-----
From: Mpierce1@aol.com [mailto:Mpierce1@aol.com]
Sent: Wednesday, October 23, 2002 9:01 AM
To: Gunn, Janet
Cc: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10


In a message dated 10/19/2002 1:50:29 AM W. Europe Daylight Time,
Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com writes: 




There are systems (existing or under development) in the Circuit Switched
world which behave as I described.  In some contexts, without such
constraints, carriers are reluctant to offer priority service at all.  I
would oppose the suggested requirement as "shooting ourselves in the foot." 






[MAP] I'm surprised by the responses to my suggestion that there should be
requirement that: 

"If a priority value is intended to get better service, e.g., higher call
setup probability, it must not be provided a worse service than lower
priority calls no matter what the traffic situation is." 

If I had suggested that the priority call must always get better service no
matter what the traffic situation, I could understand the objection, but I
proposed "not worse", i.e., "the same as" if a network can't do better. An
architecture or solution which reserves a certain amount of bandwidth (or
circuits) for the high priority traffic, and doesn't let high priority
traffic overflow to fairly use the other bandwidth (or circuits) should not
be acceptable. 

I don't know what the situation is with WPS. I suspect the limitations there
have something to do with the radio interface bandwidth limit and allocation
method. Even there, I would think that the excess WPS traffic would get
equal treatment with non-WPS traffic. Why (and how) would any carrier object
to that? 

Mike Pierce 
Artel 







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<META content="MSHTML 5.00.3103.1000" name=GENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=319190115-23102002>WHY 
the carriers object- because it puts the carriers which offer the priority 
service at a marketing disadvantage (wrt customers not entitled to the priority 
service) with carriers not offering the priority service. (While an approach 
COULD be devised which met your proposed requirement and the carriers 
quantitative concerns, the development cost would have been much  higher, and it 
still might not have overcome the marketing "perception.")</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN 
class=319190115-23102002></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#0000ff face=Arial size=2><SPAN class=319190115-23102002>HOW 
the carriers object - by simply not&nbsp;submitting a bid to offer the priority 
service at all.</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
  <DIV align=left class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr><FONT face=Tahoma 
  size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> Mpierce1@aol.com 
  [mailto:Mpierce1@aol.com]<BR><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, October 23, 2002 9:01 
  AM<BR><B>To:</B> Gunn, Janet<BR><B>Cc:</B> ieprep@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> 
  Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP SIP REQ-6 to REQ-10<BR><BR></DIV></FONT><FONT 
  face=arial,helvetica><FONT size=2>In a message dated 10/19/2002 1:50:29 AM W. 
  Europe Daylight Time, Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com writes: <BR><BR><BR>
  <BLOCKQUOTE 
  style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px" 
  TYPE="CITE">There are systems (existing or under development) in the Circuit 
    Switched world which behave as I described. &nbsp;In some contexts, without 
    such constraints, carriers are reluctant to offer priority service at all. 
    &nbsp;I would oppose the suggested requirement as "shooting ourselves in the 
    foot." <BR></BLOCKQUOTE><BR><BR><BR><BR>[MAP] I'm surprised by the responses 
  to my suggestion that there should be requirement that: <BR><BR>"If a priority 
  value is intended to get better service, e.g., higher call setup probability, 
  it must not be provided a worse service than lower priority calls no matter 
  what the traffic situation is." <BR><BR>If I had suggested that the priority 
  call must always get better service no matter what the traffic situation, I 
  could understand the objection, but I proposed "not worse", i.e., "the same 
  as" if a network can't do better. An architecture or solution which reserves a 
  certain amount of bandwidth (or circuits) for the high priority traffic, and 
  doesn't let high priority traffic overflow to fairly use the other bandwidth 
  (or circuits) should not be acceptable. <BR><BR>I don't know what the 
  situation is with WPS. I suspect the limitations there have something to do 
  with the radio interface bandwidth limit and allocation method. Even there, I 
  would think that the excess WPS traffic would get equal treatment with non-WPS 
  traffic. Why (and how) would any carrier object to that? <BR><BR>Mike Pierce 
  <BR>Artel <BR><BR><BR><BR><BR></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP requirements for accounting
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On Wednesday, Oct 23, 2002, at 08:59 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
wrote:
> Besides, the whole subject here in IEPREP is for the case in which 
> there is not enough capacity.

This is not my understanding from either the current drafts or from the 
WG Charter.
Perhaps Scott could clarify this further with respect to the WG Charter 
?

With  respect to drafts, if the above is the authors' intent then such 
needs
to be made MUCH MUCH more clear.

> I am proposing that Accounting is a requirement for a very large 
> service provider/network operator (US Defense Department). It is not 
> proper to say that it is not a legitimate requirement to place on such 
> a service provider. It is the service provider itself that demands 
> this capability. My comment is that the IETF must take this 
> functionality into account in the development of any protocol, not 
> that every service provider must support it.

It MUST NOT be a requirement levied on other carriers (e.g. commercial 
firms
that choose to offer an IEprep service on a contractual basis).

If DoD does require this (and your lack of identification of affiliation
begs the question of whether you speak officially on the record for the
entire DoD), then I believe what you want is more like these words
(no doubt some editing required since I'm writing in haste).

	The IEprep Architecture should not preclude an operator from performing
	accounting if that operator chooses to do so, though there is no
	IEprep requirement that an operator deploy an ability to perform
	accounting or actually perform such accounting.

 From conversations with DoD employees close to the DISN, which people 
actually are
the operators of the DISA IP networks, I do not hear that they have any 
such requirement.
 From conversations with USAF/USN/USA employees close to their 
service-specific
networks, I also do not hear that they have any such requirement.

If DISA/NCS has such a US-specific requirement, it needs to be resolved
contractually (by paying money and finding agreeable commercial vendors)
rather than by slipping an unfunded mandate into a global IETF standard.

> For the GETS case, which we are attempted to "convert" to the IP 
> environment - if the US government says they need detailed call 
> records, and they contract with the service provider to provide them, 
> and they are willing to pay the additional cost associated with doing 
> it, you can't say that it is not a legitimate requirement. Yes, it is 
> up to the service provider if they want to do business with the 
> government, but the standard needs to define how they must do it to 
> comply.

Not at all.  Such can and must be defined in contract terms without 
necessarily being
part of the *global* standard.  Per-call accounting is NOT a global 
requirement.

Your attempt to insert US-centrism into a global standard is noted and
is also very inappropriate behaviour on an IETF list.

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu Oct 24 09:47:14 2002
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From: "Gunn, Janet" <Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com>
To: "'RJ Atkinson'" <rja@extremenetworks.com>, Mpierce1@aol.com
Cc: IEPREP@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] IEPREP requirements for accounting
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2002 09:45:03 -0400
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Perhaps an other way to put it is that such a requirement MAY be part of the
requirements for a PARTICULAR contracted service, but should not be part of
the IEPREP requirements- especially not the IEPREP requirements to SIP.

HOWEVER, we should be sure that nothing in the general IEPREP requirements
precludes, or makes more difficult, such accounting. 

I don't know that "the whole subject" is for "not enough capacity".  But it
is certainly most relevant and important when there is not enough capacity.
When there is ample capacity, there is generally no need for preferential
treatment.  But the "not enough capacity" need not be in the IP network, it
could be in whatever the IP network interfaces with.

-----Original Message-----
From: RJ Atkinson [mailto:rja@extremenetworks.com]
Sent: Thursday, October 24, 2002 5:12 AM
To: Mpierce1@aol.com
Cc: IEPREP@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP requirements for accounting



On Wednesday, Oct 23, 2002, at 08:59 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
wrote:
> Besides, the whole subject here in IEPREP is for the case in which 
> there is not enough capacity.

This is not my understanding from either the current drafts or from the 
WG Charter.
Perhaps Scott could clarify this further with respect to the WG Charter 
?

With  respect to drafts, if the above is the authors' intent then such 
needs
to be made MUCH MUCH more clear.

> I am proposing that Accounting is a requirement for a very large 
> service provider/network operator (US Defense Department). It is not 
> proper to say that it is not a legitimate requirement to place on such 
> a service provider. It is the service provider itself that demands 
> this capability. My comment is that the IETF must take this 
> functionality into account in the development of any protocol, not 
> that every service provider must support it.

It MUST NOT be a requirement levied on other carriers (e.g. commercial 
firms
that choose to offer an IEprep service on a contractual basis).

If DoD does require this (and your lack of identification of affiliation
begs the question of whether you speak officially on the record for the
entire DoD), then I believe what you want is more like these words
(no doubt some editing required since I'm writing in haste).

	The IEprep Architecture should not preclude an operator from
performing
	accounting if that operator chooses to do so, though there is no
	IEprep requirement that an operator deploy an ability to perform
	accounting or actually perform such accounting.

 From conversations with DoD employees close to the DISN, which people 
actually are
the operators of the DISA IP networks, I do not hear that they have any 
such requirement.
 From conversations with USAF/USN/USA employees close to their 
service-specific
networks, I also do not hear that they have any such requirement.

If DISA/NCS has such a US-specific requirement, it needs to be resolved
contractually (by paying money and finding agreeable commercial vendors)
rather than by slipping an unfunded mandate into a global IETF standard.

> For the GETS case, which we are attempted to "convert" to the IP 
> environment - if the US government says they need detailed call 
> records, and they contract with the service provider to provide them, 
> and they are willing to pay the additional cost associated with doing 
> it, you can't say that it is not a legitimate requirement. Yes, it is 
> up to the service provider if they want to do business with the 
> government, but the standard needs to define how they must do it to 
> comply.

Not at all.  Such can and must be defined in contract terms without 
necessarily being
part of the *global* standard.  Per-call accounting is NOT a global 
requirement.

Your attempt to insert US-centrism into a global standard is noted and
is also very inappropriate behaviour on an IETF list.

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com


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Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2002 08:49:13 -0500
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Subject: [Ieprep] Revised Topologies ID for WG consideration
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All

Here is the pointer to an ID published a little while ago attempting to
merely name (with a diagram each) the 4 likely topologies IEPREP should
work to. I have removed all requirements and AAA discussion from this ID
version. 

Comments on this Topologies ID are welcome
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-polk-ieprep-scenarios-01.txt

This ID has (and refers to) an accompanying ID called "Topology
Implications" which is not yet published (and might not before the cutoff
date Monday).  The Implications ID will track open issues the topology
discussions cause - as well as the open issues that should be discussed
relative to (and maybe a subset of) the topologies, One goal is to
hopefully provide a 'how we got here from there' view of some of the WG
efforts. Contributions to the Implications ID are *certainly* welcome, as
this will live for some time within this WG (until opposed or sent to the
IESG).


cheers,
James 

              *************************************
"People generally demand more respect for their own rights than 
                         they are willing to allow for others"


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From: Scott  Bradner <sob@harvard.edu>
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To: Mpierce1@aol.com, rja@extremenetworks.com
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP requirements for accounting
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> > Besides, the whole subject here in IEPREP is for the case in which 
> > there is not enough capacity.

> This is not my understanding from either the current drafts or from the
> WG Charter.
> Perhaps Scott could clarify this further with respect to the WG Charter 

this WG does have to think about the case where there is not enough
capacity in the IP network on the path that a data stream will use

the lack of capacity might be restricted to tail circuits, as might
be the general case in US wireline ISPs, or in the infrastructure - the
WG should not worry about the case where the IP path spans multiple ISPs

but the current deliverable is to say what in this space can be
supported using existing IP protocols - it is not to invent new ones

Scott
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Thu Oct 24 15:59:11 2002
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From: "Steve Silverman" <steves@shentel.net>
To: "RJ Atkinson" <rja@extremenetworks.com>, <IEPREP@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] IEPREP requirements for accounting
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 2002 15:57:22 -0400
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This week there was a large DDoS attack on the DNS system of the Internet.
One would think that any system we specified would collect enough
information to help stop such attacks.  While I do not (unfortunately) own
any TELCOs or ISPs, if I did, I wouldn't invest much money on a network that
couldn't protect itself. Since one possible attack would involve zombies
making emergency phone calls (or any other prioritized call), some sort of
tracking info (I would call it accounting info) must be collected by any
supporting service provider even if no billing is intended.

It probably doesn't pay to charge for emergency calls but that sort of
decision is not made by engineers.

Steve Silverman

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ieprep-admin@ietf.org [mailto:ieprep-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> RJ Atkinson
> Sent: Thursday, October 24, 2002 5:12 AM
> To: Mpierce1@aol.com
> Cc: IEPREP@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP requirements for accounting
>
>
>
...
>
> With  respect to drafts, if the above is the authors' intent then such
> needs
> to be made MUCH MUCH more clear.
>
> > I am proposing that Accounting is a requirement for a very large
> > service provider/network operator (US Defense Department). It is not
> > proper to say that it is not a legitimate requirement to place on such
> > a service provider. It is the service provider itself that demands
> > this capability. My comment is that the IETF must take this
> > functionality into account in the development of any protocol, not
> > that every service provider must support it.
>
> It MUST NOT be a requirement levied on other carriers (e.g. commercial
> firms
> that choose to offer an IEprep service on a contractual basis).
>
>


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On Thursday, Oct 24, 2002, at 10:08 America/Montreal, Scott Bradner 
wrote:
> but the current deliverable is to say what in this space can be
> supported using existing IP protocols - it is not to invent new ones

Current IP protocols generally do not support detailed accounting 
records
as part of the protocols.  Some implementations of RADIUS happen to 
support
some level of accounting -- but it isn't part of the RADIUS protocol
specification that accounting is required -- to give one example.

So, based on Scott's comment above, creating a requirement for detailed 
accounting
seems inappropriate unless a *specific* existing IP protocol can be 
identified
where that IETF protocol specification already requires that accounting 
support
be implemented.  If someone has such a specific example, it would be 
helpful
to cite RFC, Section, and page to this list.

Regards,

Ran

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On Thursday, Oct 24, 2002, at 15:57 America/Montreal, Steve Silverman 
wrote:

> This week there was a large DDoS attack on the DNS system of the 
> Internet.
> One would think that any system we specified would collect enough
> information to help stop such attacks.

	By the way, adding accounting actually would create a new vulnerability
to DDOS attacks, rather than reducing the vulnerability, because it
creates a new attack vector without mitigating any existing attack
vector.

	Consider for example the 20+ year old (and widely published,
so I'm not revealing any new data here) external attacks on servers
by performing minor attacks which cause SYSLOG to fill the disk
and then the full disk causes the server to crash.

>  Since one possible attack would involve zombies
> making emergency phone calls (or any other prioritized call), some 
> sort of
> tracking info (I would call it accounting info) must be collected by 
> any
> supporting service provider even if no billing is intended.

No.  If a Tier-1 operator has more core capacity than theoretical
max offered load, then they are fairly immune from traffic-based DDOS
attacks (though the downstream Tier-2 ISPs uplink would not necessarily
be immune) and so the Tier-1 would not need to do any form of accounting
(indeed, doing such accounting might create a vulnerability for them).

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

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From: Scott  Bradner <sob@harvard.edu>
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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] IEPREP requirements for accounting
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> So, based on Scott's comment above, creating a requirement for detailed 
> accounting
> seems inappropriate unless a *specific* existing IP protocol can be 
> identified

I'm sorry but I do not follow that

(specifically not commenting on the question about a requirement for 
accounting)

I do not see anything in the charter that restricts this WG to 
only producing requirements that describe existing IP protocol functions

the charter says:
  In particular the working group will devlop a Requirements for Internet
  Emergency Preparedness in the Internet RFC which will detail the specific
  functions and technologies needed to provide support for Emergency
  Preparedness systems in the Internet.

if this WG comes to consensus that a "function or technlogy" that
does not curremtly exist is needed to support Internet Emergency
Preparedness then this group should state the requirement.  To do 
otherwise would be to produce an incomplete document

This group is quite specifically not chartered to develop any new 
functions or technology.

Scott
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On Thursday, Oct 24, 2002, at 20:53 America/Montreal, Scott Bradner 
wrote:
> I'm sorry but I do not follow that

Then we aren't communicating clearly, so more details help. :-)

> (specifically not commenting on the question about a requirement for
> accounting)
>
> I do not see anything in the charter that restricts this WG to
> only producing requirements that describe existing IP protocol 
> functions
>
> the charter says:
>   In particular the working group will devlop a Requirements for 
> Internet
>   Emergency Preparedness in the Internet RFC which will detail the 
> specific
>   functions and technologies needed to provide support for Emergency
>   Preparedness systems in the Internet.
>
> if this WG comes to consensus that a "function or technlogy" that
> does not curremtly exist is needed to support Internet Emergency
> Preparedness then this group should state the requirement.  To do
> otherwise would be to produce an incomplete document
>
> This group is quite specifically not chartered to develop any new
> functions or technology.

OK.  So then (as an example) this WG can't tell SIP how to add labels 
to SIP
or any implementation/deployment details, but could say that some form 
of label
is needed that will solve problems X and Y.  (Scott, is that right or 
wrong ?)

It would be good if there were a common understanding on the charter 
question.

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com


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To: rja@extremenetworks.com, sob@harvard.edu
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> OK.  So then (as an example) this WG can't tell SIP how to add labels 
> to SIP
> > or any implementation/deployment details, but could say that some form 
> of label
> is needed that will solve problems X and Y.  (Scott, is that right or 
> wrong ?)

how about "sorta right" :-)

this group can say that there are problems X & Y that need to be
solved for ieprep to work with SIP - it can not tell SIPPING
(which gets the requirement 1st)  that solving the problems means 
that a new header is needed - i.e., defining how to meet the requirement is
not IEPREP's job 

SIPPING  will then take a look at the requirement to see if it:
1/ can be met in some way with SIP as-is that the ieprep did not figure out,
   even if the solution is not as "efficient" as IEPREP might like
2/ can be combined with other resuirements that SIPPING has received
   from other WGs or individuals, and can be reworked to make the requirement
   more general to solve a wider class of problems, (SIPPING
   might on its own do this w/o the need for specific other requirements
   being submitted)
3/ does not make sense
4/ deals with too narrow a situation to warrent changing SIP ("you can't
   always get what you want, but you generally get what you need")
5/ makes sense as-is

in case 1 SIPPING responds to ieprep - 'here is how to do it'
in case 3 it sends back a "huh?" message
in case 4 it sends back a 'no, and here is why' messgae
in case 2 & 5 SIPPING sends the requirement on to SIP which
then figures out how best to meet the requirement

IEPREP can make a suggestion on how to meet the requirement but SIP
can reject the suggestion if SIP thinks that the ieprep
suggestion is the wrong way to meet the requirement (I do not suggest that
IEPREP should spend time coming up with such suggestions)

Scott
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Internet Emergency Preparedness Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Requirements for Emergency Telecommunication  
                          Capabilities in the Internet
	Author(s)	: H. Folts, C. Beard, K. Carlberg
	Filename	: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01.txt
	Pages		: 10
	Date		: 2002-10-25
	
This document outlines user requirements for IP-based networks to 
enable and support an authorized emergency telecommunications service 
(ETS)for use by authorities to organize and coordinate emergency and 
disaster relief operations.  It provides a basis from which ETS can 
be negotiated to provide user-acceptable communications.  The 
requirements in this document relate to user expectation and are 
general, functional, and intended to provide wide latitude in 
implementation options.  This document also provides in-depth 
background on the state of emergency telecommunication capabilities 
as they exist today and the motivation for supporting these in IP 
networks.  Specific system requirements involving end-to-end and 
network issues are presented in [2].

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http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01.txt

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From: "Folts, Harold" <foltsh@ncs.gov>
To: "Ieprep List (ieprep@ietf.org)" <ieprep@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Ieprep] Basic Requirements ID
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I have posted a revised version of the ieprep basic user requirements ID

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01.txt
<http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01.txt> 

that serves as the base for more specific requirements documents in the IDs
that have been posted by Ken Carlberg and Ran Atkinson

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-carlberg-ets-general-00.txt
<http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-carlberg-ets-general-00.txt> 

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-carlberg-ets-telephony-00.txt
<http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-carlberg-ets-telephony-00.txt> 

There has been considerable discussion of the requirements document on the
list since the formation of the ieprep working group. In addition the 00
version of the ID was discussed in Yokohama and significantly edited with
the assistance of Fred Baker and Scott Bradner. Subsequent to Yokohama,
further work was done by Ken and Ran. This all has led to the 01 draft. In
discussion with Ken and Ran, the following structure of the ieprep
requirements series is outlined below.

(A) User-Requirements    (B) General-System-Requirements (Ken & Ran)
      -----------------        ---------------------------
        (Hal, Cory, Ken)          |       
                                  |       
                                  +--IP Telephony (Ken & Ran)
                                  |     Requirements
                                  |       |
                                  |       +--MLPP (TBD?)
                                  |
                                  +--Sensor Nets (TBD?)

               
              (C) Framework for ETS IP Telephony (Ken & Ian)
              (D) Best Common Practice (Fred?)

I believe that the many comments expressed on the list have been
accommodated and that the basic user requirements ID is now ready for
progressing as an Informational RFC. Please provide any comments and
indication of agreement/disagreement for this ID to be moved forward at
Atlanta.

Hal



------_=_NextPart_001_01C28021.8E2041F0
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3DUS-ASCII">
<META NAME=3D"Generator" CONTENT=3D"MS Exchange Server version =
5.5.2653.12">
<TITLE>Basic Requirements ID</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">I have posted a revised version of the =
ieprep basic user requirements ID</FONT>
</P>

<P><A =
HREF=3D"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-requiremen=
ts-01.txt"><U><FONT COLOR=3D"#0000FF" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-=
01.txt</FONT></U></A>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">that serves as the base for more =
specific requirements documents in the IDs that have been posted by Ken =
Carlberg and Ran Atkinson</FONT></P>

<P><A =
HREF=3D"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-carlberg-ets-general-0=
0.txt"><U><FONT COLOR=3D"#0000FF" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-carlberg-ets-general-00.t=
xt</FONT></U></A>
</P>

<P><A =
HREF=3D"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-carlberg-ets-telephony=
-00.txt"><U><FONT COLOR=3D"#0000FF" SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-carlberg-ets-telephony-00=
.txt</FONT></U></A>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">There has been considerable =
discussion of the requirements document on the list since the formation =
of the ieprep working group. In addition the 00 version of the ID was =
discussed in Yokohama and significantly edited with the assistance of =
Fred Baker and Scott Bradner. Subsequent to Yokohama, further work was =
done by Ken and Ran. This all has led to the 01 draft. In discussion =
with Ken and Ran, the following structure of the ieprep requirements =
series is outlined below.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">(A) =
User-Requirements&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (B) General-System-Requirements =
(Ken &amp; Ran)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier New">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
-----------------&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
---------------------------</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Hal, Cory, =
Ken)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +--IP =
Telephony (Ken &amp; Ran)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Requirements</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +--MLPP (TBD?)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; +--Sensor =
Nets (TBD?)</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp; (C) Framework for ETS IP Telephony (Ken &amp; Ian)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Courier =
New">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp; (D) Best Common Practice (Fred?)</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">I believe that the many comments =
expressed on the list have been accommodated and that the basic user =
requirements ID is now ready for progressing as an Informational RFC. =
Please provide any comments and indication of agreement/disagreement =
for this ID to be moved forward at Atlanta.</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2 FACE=3D"Arial">Hal</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

</BODY>
</HTML>
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Oct 30 17:21:52 2002
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To all,

I have submitted the following 3 drafts:

Requirements for Assured Service Capabilities in Voice over IP
Architecture for Assured Service Capabilities in Voice over IP
Examples for Provision of Preferential Treatment in Voice over IP

These are revisions of previous drafts submitted to SIPPING. Since their 
initial submission, the discussion related to the subjects rasied in these 
drafts has moved to IEPREP.

While these mostly deal with "Assured Service", or the intended service to 
replace "MLPP" in the military network, I believe that many of the concepts 
discussed are common with "Authorized Emergency" calls which IEPREP has been 
focusing on. In fact, "MLPP" in a military network is simply another form of 
"authorized emergency" priority calls.

Please note that these drafts are jointly authored by myself (of "Artel") and 
Don Choi, of DISA, the agency responsible for establishment of standards and 
policies for the US Defense Network.

These drafts can be found at:

<A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-assured-service-req-00

.txt</A>
<A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-assured-service-arch-0

0.txt
</A><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-pref-treat-examples-00

.txt</A>

Mike Pierce
Artel


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">To all,
<BR>
<BR>I have submitted the following 3 drafts:
<BR>
<BR>Requirements for Assured Service Capabilities in Voice over IP
<BR>Architecture for Assured Service Capabilities in Voice over IP
<BR>Examples for Provision of Preferential Treatment in Voice over IP
<BR>
<BR>These are revisions of previous drafts submitted to SIPPING. Since their initial submission, the discussion related to the subjects rasied in these drafts has moved to IEPREP.
<BR>
<BR>While these mostly deal with "Assured Service", or the intended service to replace "MLPP" in the military network, I believe that many of the concepts discussed are common with "Authorized Emergency" calls which IEPREP has been focusing on. In fact, "MLPP" in a military network is simply another form of "authorized emergency" priority calls.
<BR>
<BR>Please note that these drafts are jointly authored by myself (of "Artel") and Don Choi, of DISA, the agency responsible for establishment of standards and policies for the US Defense Network.
<BR>
<BR>These drafts can be found at:
<BR>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#0000ff" SIZE=2 FAMILY="FIXED" FACE="Courier New" LANG="0"><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-assured-service-req-00.txt</A></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="FIXED" FACE="Courier New" LANG="0">
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#0000ff" SIZE=2 FAMILY="FIXED" FACE="Courier New" LANG="0"><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-assured-service-arch-00.txt
<BR></A><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-pref-treat-examples-00.txt</A>
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce
<BR>Artel
<BR></FONT></HTML>

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From: Bill Woodcock <woody@pch.net>
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    > This document outlines user requirements...

This does not in fact appear to be the case.  In fact, this appears to
outline government expectations of service providers and vendors.

The market mechanism for fulfillment of government expectations is for
the government to purchase what it wants within the market.

Not to impersonate the user community.

I'd humbly suggest that since the expectations being outlined in this
document are extrordinarily expensive ones, it might benefit the
expectant party to moderate its expectations somewhat, or suggest how
much it's interested in paying, and allow the market to present
offerings which meet that price range.

Stating overblown expectations in a financial vacuum is feckless.

    > There are four basic configurations that come
    > into play during convergence.  These include:
    > o  Pure IP telephony, with no link to the PSTN

This appears to be largely ignored in the rest of the document. Out in
the real world, however, it appears to be a significant portion of the
total, however.

    > We assume the presence of Service Level Agreements

Which are a marketing, sales, and collections fiction.  If you want to
base a standard on a sales practice, the IETF isn't an appropriate
place to do it.

    > sessions should be provided with with a higher probability of
    > completion over non-emergency communications.  We assume the
    > presence of a service level agreement to accomplish this.

Sales fictions do not accomplish operational objectives.  However, one
might view QoS as an operational instantiation of SLAs, and it's
instructive to note that QoS is substantially more fictional than SLAs.
Since it doesn't work and wouldn't provide any desired utility even if
it did, it's neither used nor desired on any significant networks. Much
less on significant production VoIP networks.

    > Emergency traffic should be able to transit multiple service
    > providers.  The existence of service level agreements determines
    > the extent by which this can be accomplished.

Could have fooled me.  I thought network interconnection determined the
extent to which traffic could be exchanged. Silly me.  I'll go sign a
bunch of SLAs.  That's got to be easier than actually building a network.

    > Networks should be able to support a variety of user applications
    > including telephony, video, database access, messaging,
    > telemetry, and web browsing to support emergency operations.

Uh, am I really reading this in an IETF document?  Hello?  Networks
SHOULD make toast?

    > Users should have the option protecting certain sensitive traffic
    > from eavesdropping and the source/destination of some traffic.

"Users" REQUIRE that service providers SHOULD give users the option of
putting a big pillowcase over their heads before answering the phone?
Or shutting their office door before answering the phone?

    > Users should have the option of requesting degraded quality of
    > service when normal or expected QoS cannot be achieved.

This one is really cute.  Brings to mind the Star Trek movie in which
Scotty travels back in time and operates a Mac Plus.

Users are more than welcome to request degraded quality of service at
any time.  Please speak loudly into the mouse, before dialing.


So,in summary, what we appear to have here is a document which:

- pretends to document "user requirements" while not actually
  representing users;

- asks for hugely expensive "features" without suggesting who, or even
  whether, anyone would be willing to pay for them;

- and is based upon the assumption an idiotic sales practice being
  ubiquitous.

Why are we discussing this, again?

                                -Bill


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From: Bill Woodcock <woody@pch.net>
To: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
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    >     > Users should have the option protecting certain sensitive traffic
    >     > from eavesdropping and the source/destination of some traffic.
    >
    > "Users" REQUIRE that service providers SHOULD give users the option of
    > putting a big pillowcase over their heads before answering the phone?

Sorry, read that as "eavesdropping AT the source/destination".  So I'll
change my critique to simply pointing out that this is why IPSec exists,
so the obvious doesn't need to be reiterated in this document.

                                -Bill


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Oct 30 20:06:46 2002
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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] I-Ds on Assured Service
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On Wednesday, Oct 30, 2002, at 17:22 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
wrote:
> Please note that these drafts are jointly authored by myself (of 
> "Artel") and Don Choi, of DISA, the agency responsible for 
> establishment of standards and policies for the US Defense Network.

	I'd be very interested to see the folks who actually run the DISN [1]
comment here about the deployability of this proposal inside their 
current
operational IP networks.  I'm reliably told DISA aren't using DiffServ 
today
in their production IP WANs.

	For that matter, I'd be interested in feedback from anyone here with
hands-on operational experience with a large-scale DiffServ deployment
in a production (i.e. not research) IP network.  Right now, I'm not 
familiar
with any large-scale deployment of DiffServ in a production IP network,
though I know of several small deployments or research projects that 
have
used DiffServ in one way or another.  Lack of operational experience 
with
any technology being required in widescale deployment always makes me 
nervous.[3]

Regards,

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

[1] DISN is their jargon for the part of DISA that runs their IP 
networks.
At DISA, the folks who work on policy/standards are largely separate 
from
the folks who actually engineer/operate the {N,S}IPRnet and the other 
more
highly classified IP networks.

[2] Disclaimer:  My employer IP makes routers that implement DiffServ.  
While
this doesn't affect my views, full disclosure is always best in these 
situations.

[3] This is why I also dislike most proposed "enhancements" to (M)BGP4, 
to give
an unrelated example.


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From: "Steve Silverman" <steves@shentel.net>
To: "Bill Woodcock" <woody@pch.net>, <ieprep@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
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>
>     > This document outlines user requirements...
>
> This does not in fact appear to be the case.  In fact, this appears to
> outline government expectations of service providers and vendors.
>
> The market mechanism for fulfillment of government expectations is for
> the government to purchase what it wants within the market.
>
> Not to impersonate the user community.

If an organization employs the person holding the phone and pays the bills
for that person,
I believe we typically call that a user organization.

>
> I'd humbly suggest that since the expectations being outlined in this
> document are extrordinarily expensive ones, it might benefit the
> expectant party to moderate its expectations somewhat, or suggest how
> much it's interested in paying, and allow the market to present
> offerings which meet that price range.
>
> Stating overblown expectations in a financial vacuum is feckless.

The user requirements that have been stated are functions that have been
used and available
for over forty years.   Rumor has it, that VoIP can provide these same
functions for less money.  That's why many people are working on this.  If
the technology can't match these functions, then we have to decide if we
want it.  But for the moment, we're trying to build a usable system for our
requirements.




>
>     > Users should have the option protecting certain sensitive traffic
>     > from eavesdropping and the source/destination of some traffic.

>
> "Users" REQUIRE that service providers SHOULD give users the option of
> putting a big pillowcase over their heads before answering the phone?
> Or shutting their office door before answering the phone?

There other more effective ways of doing this.

>
> So,in summary, what we appear to have here is a document which:
>
> - pretends to document "user requirements" while not actually
>   representing users;

We do represent real users.


>
> - asks for hugely expensive "features" without suggesting who, or even
>   whether, anyone would be willing to pay for them;

The DOD has been supplying and paying for these services for decades.

Steve Silverman
Houston Associates
working for the US Air Force


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Cc: "Bill Woodcock" <woody@pch.net>, <ieprep@ietf.org>
To: "Steve Silverman" <steves@shentel.net>
From: RJ Atkinson <rja@extremenetworks.com>
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On Wednesday, Oct 30, 2002, at 21:37 America/Montreal, Steve Silverman 
wrote:
> The user requirements that have been stated are functions that have 
> been
> used and available for over forty years.

...in the PSTN, using entirely different underlying technology...

> Rumor has it, that VoIP can provide these same functions for less 
> money.

That phrasing is hard to argue with, since it acknowledges so much 
uncertainty.

Personally, I think it is FAR from clear that VoIP (at any price) will 
provide
identical capabilities as the PSTN -- because the underlying 
communications
technologies have VERY different architectures, design objectives, and 
implementations.

I will also note that other "users" (e.g. Japan) have no stated interest
in VoIP as an IEprep service -- and are instead focused on how to use
IEprep services to provide enhanced performance for traditional Internet
applications (e.g. web, email).  In short, there are a variety of users,
with different desired features/applications/desires.

I think a more productive approach would be for discussion here to 
focus on services
that a typical current commercial deployment of standards-based 
Internet network
technology might be able to provide, as compared with trying to put the
PSTN-capabilities ("a square peg") into the existing Internet ("a round 
hole").
(Square pegs are fine if one has a square hole, but they don't fit well 
in any
size of round hole. :-)

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

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From: Ottensmeyer Joerg <joerg.ottensmeyer@siemens.com>
To: "Ieprep List (ieprep@ietf.org)" <ieprep@ietf.org>
Cc: "'Folts, Harold'" <foltsh@ncs.gov>
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Subject: [Ieprep] new draft on emtel services and features
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I have posted a new draft entitled "The set of Emergency Features =
provided in=20
Public Switched Telephone Networks" which should be interesting to the=20
IEPREP WG. Until it appears in the ID repository, it is available via
http://www.sctp.de/internet-drafts/draft-otty-ieprep-pstn-features-00.tx=
t =
<http://www.sctp.de/internet-drafts/draft-otty-ieprep-pstn-features-00.t=
xt>=20
=20
best regards
-J=F6rg

------_=_NextPart_001_01C280AE.4D801660
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	charset="ISO-8859-1"
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3DISO-8859-1">
<TITLE>Basic Requirements ID</TITLE>

<META content=3D"MSHTML 5.50.4913.1100" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D973541807-31102002><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
size=3D2>I have posted=20
a new draft entitled "The set of Emergency Features provided in=20
</FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D973541807-31102002><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
size=3D2>Public=20
Switched Telephone Networks" which should be interesting to the=20
</FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D973541807-31102002><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
size=3D2>IEPREP WG.=20
Until it appears in the ID repository, it is available=20
via</FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D973541807-31102002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#000000 size=3D2><A=20
href=3D"http://www.sctp.de/internet-drafts/draft-otty-ieprep-pstn-featur=
es-00.txt">http://www.sctp.de/internet-drafts/draft-otty-ieprep-pstn-fea=
tures-00.txt</A></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D973541807-31102002><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D973541807-31102002><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>best=20
regards</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D973541807-31102002><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>-J=F6rg</FONT></SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
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It would be more constructive if you could provide technical points
of discussion and a more precise set of comments.  Responses to very
general comments/opinions and sarcasm tends to be a bit fruitless in
the end.

If you wish to stand by your comments as they exist, then perhaps its
better to end this particular thread.

> Why are we discussing this, again?

at the Yokohama meeting, there was basically no contentious arguements
expressed about the version -00 draft (nor has there been any on the
list that i recall since yokohama).  There did seem to be some hallway
discussions (one of which I participated in), but a hallway discussion
is private and not an open debate and so others not participating cannot
be expected to respond to them.

the version -01 draft is the result of one such discussion that did 
make it back to the authors, and as a result, the -01 draft is more
constrained, smaller (sections taken out), and has sections that have
been reworded to focus on words like "must" and "should".  

my personal desire would be to hold off final debate on the -01 draft
until the carlberg/atkinson requirements drafts have been advanced.
but, thats not my call to make.

regards,

-ken



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Ken indicates he didn't follow all of Bill's comments.

I'll try to restate a few of them -- no doubt Bill will correct
any errors I make.  Note that I'm just trying to translate Bill's
comments, neither agreeing nor disagreeing with them necessarily.
I'll make my own comments within a few days.

On Wednesday, Oct 30, 2002, at 19:28 America/Montreal, Bill Woodcock 
wrote:
>> This document outlines user requirements...
>
> This does not in fact appear to be the case.  In fact, this appears to
> outline government expectations of service providers and vendors.
>
> The market mechanism for fulfillment of government expectations is for
> the government to purchase what it wants within the market.
>
> Not to impersonate the user community.
>
> I'd humbly suggest that since the expectations being outlined in this
> document are extrordinarily expensive ones, it might benefit the
> expectant party to moderate its expectations somewhat, or suggest how
> much it's interested in paying, and allow the market to present
> offerings which meet that price range.
>
> Stating overblown expectations in a financial vacuum is feckless.

Bill differentiates between government expectations and non-government
user requirements and suggests the document is mis-titled and maybe
poorly described in its introduction.

>> There are four basic configurations that come
>> into play during convergence.  These include:
>> o  Pure IP telephony, with no link to the PSTN
>
> This appears to be largely ignored in the rest of the document. Out in
> the real world, however, it appears to be a significant portion of the
> total, however.

	Bill runs one of the larger pure VoIP services deployed today,
which might not be widely known outside the IP Carrier community.

	That service has *no* current or future interconnection with the PSTN.
He is observing that the largest VoIP deployments today generally
do *not* have any current or planned interconnection with the PSTN.
He notes that the document seems unaware of the nature of current
large-scale inter-domain VoIP deployments.

>> We assume the presence of Service Level Agreements
>
> Which are a marketing, sales, and collections fiction.  If you want to
> base a standard on a sales practice, the IETF isn't an appropriate
> place to do it.

He's saying the assumption is not well founded.

>> sessions should be provided with with a higher probability of
>> completion over non-emergency communications.  We assume the
>> presence of a service level agreement to accomplish this.
>
> Sales fictions do not accomplish operational objectives.  However, one
> might view QoS as an operational instantiation of SLAs, and it's
> instructive to note that QoS is substantially more fictional than SLAs.
> Since it doesn't work and wouldn't provide any desired utility even if
> it did, it's neither used nor desired on any significant networks. Much
> less on significant production VoIP networks.

He's noting that most (all that I'm familiar with, actually) current
SLAs are written by the IP Carrier with sufficient care that the SLAs
are unenforcable, both in practice and in law.  Many current IP Carriers
outright refuse to offer SLAs today.

He also notes that current large-scale production VoIP services, such
as his, don't use or need SLAs for proper operation.  I'll also note
that Bill's VoIP service is intended for primary use when the global
Internet is under a lot of stress, so he does care about service
availability.

>> Emergency traffic should be able to transit multiple service
>> providers.  The existence of service level agreements determines
>> the extent by which this can be accomplished.
>
> Could have fooled me.  I thought network interconnection determined the
> extent to which traffic could be exchanged. Silly me.  I'll go sign a
> bunch of SLAs.  That's got to be easier than actually building a 
> network.

Bill is observing that ability to transit in fact relies almost 
exclusively
on the BGP protocol, what is advertised there, and what BGP puts into
forwarding tables in deployed routers.  Such forwarding is a technical
function that is oblivious to the presence/absence of any SLA.

>> Networks should be able to support a variety of user applications
>> including telephony, video, database access, messaging,
>> telemetry, and web browsing to support emergency operations.
>
> Uh, am I really reading this in an IETF document?  Hello?  Networks
> SHOULD make toast?

Not sure what Bill means here.

>> Users should have the option protecting certain sensitive traffic
>> from eavesdropping and the source/destination of some traffic.
>
> "Users" REQUIRE that service providers SHOULD give users the option of
> putting a big pillowcase over their heads before answering the phone?
> Or shutting their office door before answering the phone?

Bill's wording is sub-optimal, but I think his point is that if any
end-user wants security, then that end-user should be using end-to-end
security mechanisms deployed by the user.  TLS, ESP, and AH would be
examples of such services that are normally deployed by the end-user
-- not by the IP carrier.

>> Users should have the option of requesting degraded quality of
>> service when normal or expected QoS cannot be achieved.
>
> This one is really cute.  Brings to mind the Star Trek movie in which
> Scotty travels back in time and operates a Mac Plus.
>
> Users are more than welcome to request degraded quality of service at
> any time.  Please speak loudly into the mouse, before dialing.

Bill's point seems to be (I'm not entirely sure) that the real deployed
Internet has no concept of QoS -- not merely no concept of "good" QoS
but no concept of "QoS" at all.[1]  For example, there are no large 
scale
DiffServ or RSVP deployments in commercial IP networks today as near
as I can tell.  Perhaps equally relevant is that IP Carriers have 
roughly
nil capital budget to buy new routers these days, while most deployed 
routers
can't support QoS without suffering degraded packet forwarding rates.[2]

Regards,

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

[1] Caveat:	Most deployed backbone/core routers do differentiate packets
	that are marked with the "Internet Control" IP ToS bit pattern as
	defined in RFC-791 -- and give those packets lower drop preference.  
This
	is done to try to ensure that BGP traffic, essential for maintaining
	accurate routing/forwarding tables, is unlikely to be dropped should
	stress occur on some link.  The mechanism is not necessarily part of
	a broader implementation of IP ToS/DiffServ support.
[2] Exceptions exist, but it seems inappropriate to mention specific 
vendor
	names on this mailing list.  People who are really interested in this
	can send me private email for my personal (not corporate) opinions
	on this.  I never speak for my employer.





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On Thu, 31 Oct 2002, RJ Atkinson wrote:
> [1] Caveat:	Most deployed backbone/core routers do differentiate packets
> 	that are marked with the "Internet Control" IP ToS bit pattern as
> 	defined in RFC-791 -- and give those packets lower drop preference.
> This
> 	is done to try to ensure that BGP traffic, essential for maintaining
> 	accurate routing/forwarding tables, is unlikely to be dropped should
> 	stress occur on some link.  The mechanism is not necessarily part of
> 	a broader implementation of IP ToS/DiffServ support.

While the internals of particular implementations likely vary, as I
understand it, a backbone/core router differentiate packets originated
by itself.  The IP ToS bits are set for bookeeeping purposes. The real
method how BGP or link-level Keepalives get to the front of the queue
is because when the router originates the packets, it puts some of its
own packets at the front of the queue.

Packets originating on other routers with the IP ToS bits are not handled
differently, even if those protocols would have been prioritized on the
same router. Multi-hop BGP packets do not receive special handling by
other routers.  Since anyone can run any protocol on any port, if
backbone/core routers did prioritize port 179 packets; what would happen
is people would run Quake/Doom servers on port 179.

As you say, the link-level prioritization done by routers is not
necessarily part of a broader implementation of IP ToS/DiffServ support.

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proxy discussion.  cool :-)

> Bill differentiates between government expectations and non-government
> user requirements and suggests the document is mis-titled and maybe
> poorly described in its introduction.

ok, this is a critic one can address and respond to.  who is considered a 
can be clarified and expanded upon.

> >> There are four basic configurations that come
> >> into play during convergence.  These include:
> >> o  Pure IP telephony, with no link to the PSTN
> >
> > This appears to be largely ignored in the rest of the document. Out in
> > the real world, however, it appears to be a significant portion of the
> > total, however.
>
> 	Bill runs one of the larger pure VoIP services deployed today,
> which might not be widely known outside the IP Carrier community.

> That service has *no* current or future interconnection with the PSTN.
> He is observing that the largest VoIP deployments today generally
> do *not* have any current or planned interconnection with the PSTN.
> He notes that the document seems unaware of the nature of current
> large-scale inter-domain VoIP deployments.

understood.  the purpose of the passage about "4 basic configurations"
was to acknowledge that more than one exists and that users of an
authorized emergency service should keep this in mind.  what one 
cannot determine from Bill's original statement is *how* that one
scenario he points out (and obviously relates to) is ignored.  Is
there a requirement missing, or is something else amiss? -- I'd don't
know and prefer not to guess.

> >> We assume the presence of Service Level Agreements
> >
> > Which are a marketing, sales, and collections fiction.  If you want to
> > base a standard on a sales practice, the IETF isn't an appropriate
> > place to do it.
> 
> He's saying the assumption is not well founded.

we have used the term "business agreement" instead of SLAs in our
other documents.  the intent is to convey the expectation of a
charging in some form of a contracted service that is outside of
best effort or normal service.  if the term "SLA" has too much 
baggage or negative association attached to it, a different term 
can be used.

> He's noting that most (all that I'm familiar with, actually) current
> SLAs are written by the IP Carrier with sufficient care that the SLAs
> are unenforcable, both in practice and in law.  Many current IP Carriers
> outright refuse to offer SLAs today.

and some do.  as you know, I've seen and experienced some whoppers

> He also notes that current large-scale production VoIP services, such
> as his, don't use or need SLAs for proper operation.  I'll also note
> that Bill's VoIP service is intended for primary use when the global
> Internet is under a lot of stress, so he does care about service
> availability.

understood.

> >> Emergency traffic should be able to transit multiple service
> >> providers.  The existence of service level agreements determines
> >> the extent by which this can be accomplished.
> >
> > Could have fooled me.  I thought network interconnection determined the
> > extent to which traffic could be exchanged. Silly me.  I'll go sign a
> > bunch of SLAs.  That's got to be easier than actually building a 
> > network.
> 
> Bill is observing that ability to transit in fact relies almost 
> exclusively
> on the BGP protocol, what is advertised there, and what BGP puts into
> forwarding tables in deployed routers.  Such forwarding is a technical
> function that is oblivious to the presence/absence of any SLA.

understood.  but this seems to reflect a disconnect and probably a need
for additional clarification in the -01 document.  The original passage
probably should have stated "labeled emergency traffic".  The traffic
itself could be diff-serv marked IP packets (and before you say "don't
expect to use diff-serv" :-), I'll save you the trouble and agree that 
for now, diff-serv is a VERY rare offering).  Or they could be labeled
application layer packets.  In either case, the user would have the 
expectation that the labeled traffic transits other providers as opposed
to be dropped because it is unrecognized.  Further, that this expectation
can only exist if "business contracts" have been set up with those that
would examine the label.  if the business contract doesn't exist, or the
labels isn't examined, then expect normal (presumably best effort)
service.

but again, it would seem that the original passage needs clarifications.
that can be done.

> >> Users should have the option protecting certain sensitive traffic
> >> from eavesdropping and the source/destination of some traffic.
> >
> > "Users" REQUIRE that service providers SHOULD give users the option of
> > putting a big pillowcase over their heads before answering the phone?
> > Or shutting their office door before answering the phone?
> 
> Bill's wording is sub-optimal, but I think his point is that if any
> end-user wants security, then that end-user should be using end-to-end
> security mechanisms deployed by the user.  TLS, ESP, and AH would be
> examples of such services that are normally deployed by the end-user
> -- not by the IP carrier.

right, your wording is understood.  I think the original passage was
meant to touch upon anonymity, but thats conjecture on my part.

> >> Users should have the option of requesting degraded quality of
> >> service when normal or expected QoS cannot be achieved.
> >
> > This one is really cute.  Brings to mind the Star Trek movie in which
> > Scotty travels back in time and operates a Mac Plus.
> >
> > Users are more than welcome to request degraded quality of service at
> > any time.  Please speak loudly into the mouse, before dialing.
> 
> Bill's point seems to be (I'm not entirely sure) that the real deployed
> Internet has no concept of QoS -- not merely no concept of "good" QoS
> but no concept of "QoS" at all.[1]  For example, there are no large 
> scale
> DiffServ or RSVP deployments in commercial IP networks today as near
> as I can tell.  Perhaps equally relevant is that IP Carriers have 
> roughly
> nil capital budget to buy new routers these days, while most deployed 
> routers
> can't support QoS without suffering degraded packet forwarding rates.[2]

ok.  your interpretation would again seem to foster a need for more
clarification on the authors part.  the intent of the original passage
was aimed at the QoS experienced by the end-user and not necessarily
that offered by the network.  for example, using lower quality/bandwidth
codecs, or adding FEC -- ie, something other than standard end-to-end
service.

cheers,

-ken







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On Thursday, Oct 31, 2002, at 11:07 America/Montreal, Sean Donelan 
wrote:
> While the internals of particular implementations likely vary, as I
> understand it, a backbone/core router differentiate packets originated
> by itself.

For the systems I'm familiar with, the internal implementations do vary,
but the concept of operations and intended results are very similar.

> The IP ToS bits are set for bookeeeping purposes.

Maybe.  In at least 2 widely deployed implementations, the IP ToS bits
are (were ?) set on outgoing BGP packets in order to provide clues to 
other
deployed routers along the path used by the BGP packets.  I haven't run
this experiment recently, but it was certainly true ~3 years ago.  The
behaviour of shipping code might have changed during that time.

> The real method how BGP or link-level Keepalives get to the front of 
> the queue
> is because when the router originates the packets, it puts some of its
> own packets at the front of the queue.

This is true, but incomplete.  In at least 2 widely deployed 
implementations,
the code inside ip_input() looks for packets with the magic IP ToS value
set and then verifies that they are BGP packets (by looking at 
protocol=TCP
and port=BGP) and handles them with reduced drop preference.  The degree
of reduced drop preference is unclear to me (and is somewhat debatable) 
absent
some scientific testing, but notionally it is present.

> Packets originating on other routers with the IP ToS bits are not 
> handled
> differently, even if those protocols would have been prioritized on the
> same router. Multi-hop BGP packets do not receive special handling by
> other routers.

The above is not the case for at least 2 widely deployed 
implementations.

> Since anyone can run any protocol on any port, if
> backbone/core routers did prioritize port 179 packets; what would 
> happen
> is people would run Quake/Doom servers on port 179.

It certainly is a potential threat.  Many ISPs configure their access 
routers to strip
the IP ToS bits on all packets received from customers -- in order to 
mitigate
such threats.  This last practice is a de facto barrier to widespread 
DiffServ
deployment.

> As you say, the link-level prioritization done by routers is not
> necessarily part of a broader implementation of IP ToS/DiffServ 
> support.

Glad we agree on that.

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

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	It would be helpful to add a chapter or appendix discussing the precise
national-specific details of the German deployment of IEPS using the 
German PSTN.

Ran

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From: Bill Woodcock <woody@pch.net>
To: Ken Carlberg <K.Carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk>
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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
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      On Thu, 31 Oct 2002, Ken Carlberg wrote:
    > It would be more constructive if you could provide technical points
    > of discussion.

Peter and I tried that at the last meeting, and nobody wanted to talk
about technology.  Instead, we get this document, which consists largely
of statements of the form "The PSTN makes toast!" and "We _like_ toast!"
and "The Internet SHOULD make toast!" and "Salespeople SHOULD tell us that
the Internet makes toast!"

    > at the Yokohama meeting, there was basically no contentious arguements
    > expressed about the version -00 draft

Very generous of you to characterize Peter and myself as uncontentious.
Or perhaps you're just forgetting that you ignored everything we said.

I would really welcome _any little tidbit of technical anything_ that
could be debated.  As it is, the document is just a bunch of
long-winded platitudes about the PSTN and about sales practices.  Not much
for an engineer to debate.

                                -Bill


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Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 09:56:07 -0800 (PST)
From: Bill Woodcock <woody@pch.net>
To: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
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    > the purpose of the passage about "4 basic configurations"
    > was to acknowledge that more than one exists and that users of an
    > authorized emergency service should keep this in mind.  what one
    > cannot determine from Bill's original statement is *how* that one
    > scenario he points out (and obviously relates to) is ignored.

This was what I was principally objecting to at the Yokohama meeting:
there seems to be an underlying assumption that the PSTN will connect to
arbitrary other voice networks.  My own network appears to be the
exception in that PSTN operators do in fact seem to be eager to connect to
it and bear the costs of doing so, but in the general case, they don't
seem to be interested in doing so.

If the document or the expectant party which it represents wants to be
able to pick up an arbitrary telephone and call an arbitrary other
telephone, this presupposes interconnection between the two networks which
serve the respective telephones.

I would point out that the expectant party has historically been one of
the main consumers of disconnected telephone networks, and was in fact
proposing to create yet another just this week at NANOG.  So this is
clearly not a useful expectation.

    > > >> We assume the presence of Service Level Agreements
    > > > Which are a marketing, sales, and collections fiction.
    > > He's saying the assumption is not well founded.
    > we have used the term "business agreement" instead of SLAs in our
    > other documents.

Right.  So isn't this CLEARLY OUTSIDE THE REALM OF THE IETF?  Since when
does the IETF standardize business agreements?

    >>>> Emergency traffic should be able to transit multiple service
    >>>> providers.
    > The original passage probably should have stated "labeled emergency
    > traffic".  The traffic  itself could be diff-serv marked IP packets.
    > Or they could be labeled application layer packets.  In either case,
    > the user would have the expectation that the labeled traffic
    > transits other providers as opposed to be dropped because it is
    > unrecognized.

Then the user's expectation would be unfulfilled.

You're completely missing the point.  _No_ traffic is going to transit
multiple service providers unless the service providers are
interconnected.  Interconnection is a physical process, not a sales
process.

    > Further, that this expectation can only exist if "business
    > contracts" have been set up... if the business contract doesn't
    > exist... then expect normal (presumably best effort) service.

No, no, no.  If the _physical interconnection_ doesn't exist, then expect
_no_ service.  Has nothing to do with business contracts.

    >>> Users are more than welcome to request degraded quality of service at
    >>> any time.  Please speak loudly into the mouse, before dialing.
    >> Bill's point seems to be that the real deployed Internet has no
    >> concept of QoS -- not merely no concept of "good" QoS but no
    >> concept of "QoS" at all.

Correct.  We all tried, multiple times, but since it made everything
worse, rather than better, and cost money rather than saving money, it
died a well-deserved death quite a few years ago.

End users are perfectly welcome to assume its existence and "request
degraded service" all they like.  They can also wave magic wands and chant
incantations.  We'll keep routing packets either way.

    > the intent of the original passage
    > was aimed at the QoS experienced by the end-user and not necessarily
    > that offered by the network.  for example, using lower quality/bandwidth
    > codecs, or adding FEC -- ie, something other than standard end-to-end
    > service.

Then it doesn't belong in the document, does it?  Users are welcome to do
whatever users do.  That doesn't constitute an expectation of service
providers.

                                -Bill


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Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 10:05:19 -0800 (PST)
From: Bill Woodcock <woody@pch.net>
To: Steve Silverman <steves@shentel.net>
cc: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
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      On Wed, 30 Oct 2002, Steve Silverman wrote:
    > >     > This document outlines user requirements...
    > > This does not in fact appear to be the case.
    > If an organization employs the person holding the phone and pays
    > the bills for that person, I believe we typically call that a user
    > organization.

I suggest you familiarize yourself with the operation of the IETF before
attempting to participate.

Organizations are not entitled to representation in the IETF.  Individuals
represent themselves in the IETF.

    > The user requirements that have been stated are functions that have
    > been used and available for over forty years.

That's nice.  Take it to the ITU.  We engineer Internet protocols here.

    > We do represent real users.

That's interesting.  I look in my phonebook, and I see an "Atkinson" and a
"Lothberg" and a "Bradner", but no "Silverman", and no "Force, U.S. Air".

                                -Bill


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On Thursday, Oct 31, 2002, at 12:56 America/Montreal, Bill Woodcock 
wrote:
>> the intent of the original passage
>> was aimed at the QoS experienced by the end-user and not necessarily
>> that offered by the network.  for example, using lower 
>> quality/bandwidth
>> codecs, or adding FEC -- ie, something other than standard end-to-end
>> service.
>
> Then it doesn't belong in the document, does it?  Users are welcome to 
> do
> whatever users do.  That doesn't constitute an expectation of service
> providers.

Two comments:

1) I'll push back a bit on Bill about the above.

	It seems to me that it is OK (and there is precedent) for folks to 
write
non-standards-track documents about topics which are beyond pure 
protocol
specs and publish those as Informational RFCs.  It is true that 
standards-track
IETF documents are nearly always protocol specs (the exceptions seem to 
be
a handful of BCPs trying to dispense free clues or discussing IETF 
processes),
but the proposal on the table is for Hal's document to go out as 
Informational,
not standards-track.  It is important (and the IESG traditionally will 
insist)
that non-standards-track documents use language that makes it clear 
that the
document is non-standards-track.  I'm not sure which precise criteria 
the IESG
use for making that determination during their pre-publication review.


2) I could be wrong, but it seems that one of Bill's concerns is that 
Hal's
document is written editorially so that it can be (mis)read as speaking 
for
"all users" when it is more accurately the perspective of "some users" 
or
"one user" (being DISA/NCS).  Re-titling the document or editing the 
introduction
to make it clear that the document provides one user's perspective on 
IEprep
services (and that other perspectives could hypothetically exist) would
likely help.  Dropping the word "requirements" would also help, since 
the IETF
usage of "requirements" is pretty narrow and normally means that either 
an
implementer has to do a specific thing or an operator (like Bill) has 
to do
a specific thing.  That word might be causing unintended confusion here.

(Bill might dispute 1 and correct me on 2, but dialogue helps at least 
for now :-)

Regards,

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

PS:		It would be nice if Bill would also examine and comment on the two
	I-Ds from Ken Carlberg (draft-carlberg-ets-*).  Those are *intended* to
	eventually become standards-track (BCP or PS, not sure what the IESG 
wants),
	so would also benefit from wider review, particularly from operators 
and
	implementers.


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On Thursday, Oct 31, 2002, at 13:05 America/Montreal, Bill Woodcock 
wrote:
>> We do represent real users.
>
> That's interesting.  I look in my phonebook, and I see an "Atkinson" 
> and a
> "Lothberg" and a "Bradner", but no "Silverman", and no "Force, U.S. 
> Air".

(Attempting translation again)
	The document was not written by one of Bill's VoIP users.  And he 
probably
does not intend to offer IEprep capabilities (or even universal 
interconnection
with other VoIP or PSTN services) with his VoIP service.

	Maybe this means that it would help if the draft were edited to narrow
the scope to "commercial VoIP services which are fully interconnected 
with the PSTN
and choose to offer IEprep support" (edit to taste) ?

Ran

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Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 10:51:45 -0800 (PST)
From: Bill Woodcock <woody@pch.net>
To: RJ Atkinson <rja@extremenetworks.com>
cc: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
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    > the proposal on the table is for Hal's document to go out as
    > Informational, not standards-track.  It is important (and the IESG
    > traditionally will insist) that non-standards-track documents use
    > language that makes it clear that the document is non-standards-track.

And not best-practices.

So it's documenting one user's experience with the PSTN, and the fact that
that one user would prefer it if the Internet operated more like the PSTN,
and less like the Internet.

    > Hal's document is written editorially so that it can be (mis)read as
    > speaking for "all users" when it is more accurately the perspective
    > of...  "one user" (being DISA/NCS).

Correct.

    > Re-titling the document or editing the introduction to make it clear
    > that the document provides one user's perspective on IEprep
    > services (and that other perspectives could hypothetically exist) would
    > likely help.  Dropping the word "requirements" would also help, since
    > the IETF  usage of "requirements" is pretty narrow and normally
    > means that either an implementer has to do a specific thing or an
    > operator (like Bill) has to do a specific thing.

Correct.

                                -Bill


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Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 13:06:35 -0600
To: Bill Woodcock <woody@pch.net>
From: "James M. Polk" <jmpolk@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
Cc: ieprep@ietf.org
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The IEPREP Charter (paragraph #1):

"Effective telecommunications capabilities are imperative to facilitate
immediate recovery operations for serious disaster events, such as,
hurricanes, floods,
earthquakes, and terrorist attacks. Disasters can happen any time, any
place, unexpectedly. Quick response for recovery operations requires
immediate access
to any public telecommunications capabilities at hand. These capabilities
include: conventional telephone, cellular phones, and Internet access via
online
terminals, IP telephones, and wireless PDAs. The commercial
telecommunications infrastructure is rapidly evolving to Internet-based
technology. Therefore,
the Internet community needs to consider how it can best support emergency
management and recovery operations. 

Three examples of emergency communications include: 

1. Conveying information about the priority of specific phone calls that
originate in a VoIP environment through gateways to the PSTN. "

Bill - this charter seems to describe networks *other* than yours (because
of your choice of interconnectivity issues); therefore I believe your
discussion is out of scope for this list until *you* can change the charter
to *not* state IEPREP directly involves the commercial telecommunications
industry (which means at least also interconnectivity to the PSTN/GSTN/CSN).

I have my own issues with the ID, but clearly don't want to hear your
ranting BS that doesn't apply to the charter (which the Reqs ID here
attempts to do).

BTW - this seems like a very good time for *you* to write an ID about the
issues and requirements involving Topology "End-to-End IP" from:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-polk-ieprep-scenarios-01.txt
THE purpose for that ID is to bring overlapping and unique discussions
regarding the similarities and differences surrounding each of the 4 basic
Topologies. I have read through ~10 emails that you (and maybe Ran) want
your Topology to be overlapping in nature (therefore everything changed)
with respect to the other 3 Topologies - yet your unclear reasoning seems
to point to your uniqueness relative to the other Topologies. 

One problem I see with you doing this is your intent on *not* connecting to
IEPREP/ETS/GETS/GTPS services of any kind (so why are you commenting at all
to this discussion that will not involve you or your network?). 

Send text or write your own ID -- you seem to feel quite strongly about this.

nuff said (in your equally brash manner)!

At 09:56 AM 10/31/2002 -0800, Bill Woodcock wrote:
>    > the purpose of the passage about "4 basic configurations"
>    > was to acknowledge that more than one exists and that users of an
>    > authorized emergency service should keep this in mind.  what one
>    > cannot determine from Bill's original statement is *how* that one
>    > scenario he points out (and obviously relates to) is ignored.
>
>This was what I was principally objecting to at the Yokohama meeting:
>there seems to be an underlying assumption that the PSTN will connect to
>arbitrary other voice networks.  My own network appears to be the
>exception in that PSTN operators do in fact seem to be eager to connect to
>it and bear the costs of doing so, but in the general case, they don't
>seem to be interested in doing so.
>
>If the document or the expectant party which it represents wants to be
>able to pick up an arbitrary telephone and call an arbitrary other
>telephone, this presupposes interconnection between the two networks which
>serve the respective telephones.
>
>I would point out that the expectant party has historically been one of
>the main consumers of disconnected telephone networks, and was in fact
>proposing to create yet another just this week at NANOG.  So this is
>clearly not a useful expectation.
>
>    > > >> We assume the presence of Service Level Agreements
>    > > > Which are a marketing, sales, and collections fiction.
>    > > He's saying the assumption is not well founded.
>    > we have used the term "business agreement" instead of SLAs in our
>    > other documents.
>
>Right.  So isn't this CLEARLY OUTSIDE THE REALM OF THE IETF?  Since when
>does the IETF standardize business agreements?
>
>    >>>> Emergency traffic should be able to transit multiple service
>    >>>> providers.
>    > The original passage probably should have stated "labeled emergency
>    > traffic".  The traffic  itself could be diff-serv marked IP packets.
>    > Or they could be labeled application layer packets.  In either case,
>    > the user would have the expectation that the labeled traffic
>    > transits other providers as opposed to be dropped because it is
>    > unrecognized.
>
>Then the user's expectation would be unfulfilled.
>
>You're completely missing the point.  _No_ traffic is going to transit
>multiple service providers unless the service providers are
>interconnected.  Interconnection is a physical process, not a sales
>process.
>
>    > Further, that this expectation can only exist if "business
>    > contracts" have been set up... if the business contract doesn't
>    > exist... then expect normal (presumably best effort) service.
>
>No, no, no.  If the _physical interconnection_ doesn't exist, then expect
>_no_ service.  Has nothing to do with business contracts.
>
>    >>> Users are more than welcome to request degraded quality of service at
>    >>> any time.  Please speak loudly into the mouse, before dialing.
>    >> Bill's point seems to be that the real deployed Internet has no
>    >> concept of QoS -- not merely no concept of "good" QoS but no
>    >> concept of "QoS" at all.
>
>Correct.  We all tried, multiple times, but since it made everything
>worse, rather than better, and cost money rather than saving money, it
>died a well-deserved death quite a few years ago.
>
>End users are perfectly welcome to assume its existence and "request
>degraded service" all they like.  They can also wave magic wands and chant
>incantations.  We'll keep routing packets either way.
>
>    > the intent of the original passage
>    > was aimed at the QoS experienced by the end-user and not necessarily
>    > that offered by the network.  for example, using lower quality/bandwidth
>    > codecs, or adding FEC -- ie, something other than standard end-to-end
>    > service.
>
>Then it doesn't belong in the document, does it?  Users are welcome to do
>whatever users do.  That doesn't constitute an expectation of service
>providers.
>
>                                -Bill
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Ieprep mailing list
>Ieprep@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep


cheers,
James 

              *************************************
"People generally demand more respect for their own rights than 
                         they are willing to allow for others"


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INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION	COM 16  LS 23
TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR
STUDY PERIOD 2001-2004	

Original: English
Question(s):	I/16	Geneva, 15-25 October 2002
Source:	ITU-T Study Group 16
Title:	New Question on Use of Public Telecommunication Services for
	Emergency and Disaster Relief Operations
LIAISON STATEMENT

To:	ITU-T Study Groups 2, 3, 4, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, SSG; ITU-R;
	ITU-D; ETSI OCG EMTEL Ad Hoc, Project TIPHON, Partnership Project MESA,
	Partnership Project 3GPP, TC SPAN; IETF ieprep WG; United Nations
	Working Group on Emergency Telecommunications
Approval:	Study Group 16 Plenary 25 October 2002
For:		Information/Comment
Deadline:	None
Contact:	Hal Folts
National 	Communications System
USA		Tel: +1 703 607-6186
Fax: 		+1 703 607-4830
Email: 		foltsh@ncs.gov

Your liaison statements are greatly appreciated in response to our liaison
statement of 15 February on new work addressing telecommunications
capabilities for emergency and disaster operations.  The proposed Question,
Q.ets/16, has now been approved and is identified as Q.I/16. A copy of the
approved text for the Question is available at
http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com16/sg16-qi.html. The question has
been structured to identify overall requirements, identify the needed
telecommunication capabilities, and develop a system framework. Recognizing
that there is considerable related work being addressed in many Study
Groups and other organizations, close cooperation and liaison
(coordination) among the many activities is essential to ensure consistency
and completeness in provisioning effective telecommunication capabilities
to support emergency and disaster operations. Q.I/16 is intended to
facilitate this process.

Many of the responses received provided information about the work underway
in the many activities. These have been compiled and developed into a
"living" table that will continue to be updated as new information emerges. 

The table can be viewed at:
http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com16/ets/live-list.html 
Please continue to provide information about your specific work on this
important subject and your progress in developing revised and new
Recommendations and standards.


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From: "Folts, Harold" <foltsh@ncs.gov>
To: "'Bill Woodcock'" <woody@pch.net>
Cc: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 14:26:22 -0500
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bill Woodcock [mailto:woody@pch.net]
> Sent: Thursday, October 31, 2002 1:52 PM
> To: RJ Atkinson
> Cc: ieprep@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
> 
> 
>     > the proposal on the table is for Hal's document to go out as
>     > Informational, not standards-track.  It is important 
> (and the IESG
>     > traditionally will insist) that non-standards-track 
> documents use
>     > language that makes it clear that the document is 
> non-standards-track.
> 
> And not best-practices.
> 
> So it's documenting one user's experience with the PSTN, and 
> the fact that
> that one user would prefer it if the Internet operated more 
> like the PSTN,
> and less like the Internet.

No, this is NOT "one user's" experience with the PSTN at all. The basic user
requirements have been derived with considerable discussion, input and
support internationally from government (of many nations) and non-government
organizations for disaster relief and mittigation to organize and coordinate
recovery operations, save lives, and restore the community infrastructure.
Users range from local search and rescue, fire, police, medical, utility
providers (gas, electric, etc.), construction industry, telecommunication
providers, to local government, and national government officials.

There is some of this capability in the PSTN today in the US as well as
other countries. The objective of this initiative in the IETF is to provide
useful capabilites for disaster relief operations using the Internet and
packet-based technologies provided by public networks for future benefit to
these important activities. Any relationship to existing PSTN is only for
backward compatibility to what might exist. More importantly we are looking
for enhanced capabililities for supporting future disaster relief operations
globally - voice, data, message, video, telemetry, and many more
applications. It is expected that in the future voice will likely become
less used than other communication applications for emergency and disaster
relief support.

Hal


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To:

This is a corrected copy with the right hyperlinks to the 3 drafts:

I have submitted the following 3 drafts: 

Requirements for Assured Service Capabilities in Voice over IP 
Architecture for Assured Service Capabilities in Voice over IP 
Examples for Provision of Preferential Treatment in Voice over IP 

These are revisions of previous drafts submitted to SIPPING. Since their 
initial submission, the discussion related to the subjects rasied in these 
drafts has moved to IEPREP. 

While these mostly deal with "Assured Service", or the intended service to 
replace "MLPP" in the military network, I believe that many of the concepts 
discussed are common with "Authorized Emergency" calls which IEPREP has been 
focusing on. In fact, "MLPP" in a military network is simply another form of 
"authorized emergency" priority calls. 

Please note that these drafts are jointly authored by myself (of "Artel") and 
Don Choi, of DISA, the agency responsible for establishment of standards and 
policies for the US Defense Network. 

These drafts can be found at: 

<A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-assured-service-req-00.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-assured-service-req-00

.txt</A>
<A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-assured-service-arch-00.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-assured-service-arch-0

0.txt
</A><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-pref-treat-examples-00.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-pref-treat-examples-00

.txt</A> 

Mike Pierce 
Artel 


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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" FACE="Arial" LANG="0">To:
<BR>
<BR>This is a corrected copy with the right hyperlinks to the 3 drafts:
<BR>
<BR>I have submitted the following 3 drafts: 
<BR>
<BR>Requirements for Assured Service Capabilities in Voice over IP 
<BR>Architecture for Assured Service Capabilities in Voice over IP 
<BR>Examples for Provision of Preferential Treatment in Voice over IP 
<BR>
<BR>These are revisions of previous drafts submitted to SIPPING. Since their initial submission, the discussion related to the subjects rasied in these drafts has moved to IEPREP. 
<BR>
<BR>While these mostly deal with "Assured Service", or the intended service to replace "MLPP" in the military network, I believe that many of the concepts discussed are common with "Authorized Emergency" calls which IEPREP has been focusing on. In fact, "MLPP" in a military network is simply another form of "authorized emergency" priority calls. 
<BR>
<BR>Please note that these drafts are jointly authored by myself (of "Artel") and Don Choi, of DISA, the agency responsible for establishment of standards and policies for the US Defense Network. 
<BR>
<BR>These drafts can be found at: 
<BR>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#0000ff" SIZE=2 FAMILY="FIXED" FACE="Courier New" LANG="0"><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-assured-service-req-00.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-assured-service-req-00.txt</A></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="FIXED" FACE="Courier New" LANG="0">
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#0000ff" SIZE=2 FAMILY="FIXED" FACE="Courier New" LANG="0"><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-assured-service-arch-00.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-assured-service-arch-00.txt
<BR></A><A HREF="http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-pref-treat-examples-00.txt">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pierce-ieprep-pref-treat-examples-00.txt</A> 
<BR>
<BR>Mike Pierce 
<BR>Artel 
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR="#000000" SIZE=3 FAMILY="FIXED" FACE="Courier New" LANG="0"></FONT></HTML>

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	Here are my own comments on this document.  There is some overlap
with Bill's comments, probably because before my current job I spent  
some years
engineering and operating a multi-continent commercial IP network.

	I've tried  to make specific suggestions on what edits I think are  
desirable
to create a more acceptable Informational document, by way of  
suggestion.  It is
conceivable that other kinds of edits (which didn't occur to me so far)  
would
also yield an improved document.

	I do think that it is desirable and useful to have Informational  
documents
from NCS and other organisations describing what kinds of IEprep  
capabilities they
desire to purchase.  A document from Japan on their IAA system would be  
particularly
helpful.

	I'm trying to organise my comments by the existing documents  
sectioning.
Global comments are marked "meta".

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
--------
Title:		This document does not discuss "requirements" in the usual IETF
			sense of that word.  So the title probably needs editing.  Something
			more like this (edit to taste) would be clearer all around:
				"US NCS Perspectives on Internet Emergency Preparedness"

Abstract:		Same issue as with the title.  The document does not discuss
			"requirements" in the usual IETF sense.  This use of "requirements"
			is pretty common in USG/DoD circles, but is not common in IETF
			circles.  Since the primary audience is IETF folks, not DoD folks,
			editing seems in order.  I'd suggest altering the abstract to say
			that the document outlines the current GETS services using the PSTN
			and the kinds of GETS-like services that NCS would like to be able
			to obtain (under normal business arrangement) from VoIP service
			providers that are interconnected with the PSTN.

Conventions:	This section and using the capitalised "MUST/SHOULD/MAY"  
are both
			inappropriate in an Informational status RFC.  That usage is normally
			only in a standards-track RFC (and rarely but sometimes in an
			Informational or Experimental protocol specification).  Suggest
			deleting this text.

Section 1,
meta:		It is unclear whether the author intends only VoIP applications
			when the phrase "Emergency Telecommunications Service" is used
			xor means other things in addition (e.g. email, web).  This needs
			to be made more clear at a minimum.  If only the voice applications
			are intended, that scoping needs to be a whole lot more clear than
			it is at present.

Section 1,
page 2:		The claim "...public networking facilities experience severe  
stress
			due to damaged infrastructure and heavy traffic loads." might be
			true for the PSTN.  I am aware of no evidence that this is true for  
the
			global Internet.  For example, on 9/11/01 the Internet did NOT
			experience severe stress or (unusually) heavy traffic loads,
			even though there was substantial damaged infrastructure  
(particularly
			in lower Manhatten, NY).  If the author means the PSTN, please say
			so.  If the author means also the global Internet, please add at
			least a formal bibliographic citation to documentation supporting
			the claim (also to include in the REFERENCES section of this draft).

Section 1.2,
page ?:		I think it is possible that the PSTN is migrating to VoIP, as  
this
			claims, but I do not think that it is certain to be the case.  The
			PSTN architecture is very much tailored for voice services and the
			Internet architecture is quite deliberately general (not tailored
			for voice services).  So it isn't really universally accepted that
			"convergence" is happening or guaranteed to happen.

			It would be helpful if this section were edited to make more clear
			whether the scope of this draft is primarily GETS-like voice
			(which is currently the bulk of the text in this draft) or some
			specific broader scope.

Section 1.3:	It would be better to rephrase as "user requirements" into  
something
			more like "NCS objectives" or "GETS objectives" or otherwise not
			use "requirements" in a manner that is not congruent with customary
			IETF usage of the word "requirements".

Section 2:	(Repeat comment on Section 1.3)

Section 2:	Does this mean just voice applications (as seems to be  
implied)
			or a broader range of applications ?  If the broader range, it
			would be good to clearly delineate the intended scope.

Section 2:	Which users should be able to use which public telecom  
resources ?
			Today, not all IP Carriers are fully connected with the global  
Internet.
			The degree of peering/connectivity of a given carrier is typically
			governed by a set of business contracts (whose terms are usually
			not disclosed publicly) which in turn cause BGP routers to be
			configured in particular ways.  The BGP configurations (and the
			forwarding tables derived from BGP) are the final determinant of what
			is actually reachable from a given location.  SLAs have roughly
			nothing to do with this.

Section 2:	Rather than saying "we assume the presence of a service  
level agreement"
			it would be better to say something like:
					Current GETS services provided using the PSTN are provided
			under normal commercial contracts between NCS and various PSTN  
carriers.
			NCS envisions that it will arrange analogous contracts with IP  
carriers
			in the future for all IEprep services used or managed by NCS."

Section 2:	IP is a datagram service.  It does not have a call setup  
phase.
			For the most part, the network is unaware of IP "sessions" existing.
			Certainly routers in the middle of the network are typically  
performing
			longest-prefix match forwarding of IP packets, with each packet being
			forwarded independently of each other packet.  Different packets in
			an IP flow might have different drop probabilities or different  
routing
			(and hence different latency or jitter characteristics).  This  
connectionless
			datagram nature of the Internet Architecture is fundamental, hence  
very
			unlikely to change.  The phrase "session is established" is fairly
			meaningless in terms of the IP layer or the Internet Architecture.
			The Internet Architecture does not even possess a Session Layer
			formally, unlike the ISO OSI Model.

Section 2:	The discussion about labels needs to be edited so that it is  
specifically
			limited/scoped to voice calls that need to interconnect with the  
PSTN.
			That discussion is quite irrelevant for non-IEprep disconnected VoIP
			services, such as the one Bill Woodcock manages.  The paper needs to
			reflect this reality.

Section 2:	"When networks reach traffic saturation..." needs to be  
edited to read
			"If networks reach traffic saturation...".  It is common today for
			large IP Carriers to over-provision their backbones such that the
			backbone cannot be saturated.  Access links not operated by that  
carrier
			(e.g. tail circuit into a Tier-2 ISP) might well get saturated, but
			it is not the case that all networks are vulnerable to saturation.

Section 2:	ETSI is a fine group, but their expertise is in GSM mobile  
phones
			and they do not define Internet Standards.  Internet Standards
			are the province of the IETF.

Section 2:	It is not possible to prevent denial-of-service attacks or  
many
			other kinds of attacks.  Carriers are typically NOT responsible for
			protecting customers from attacks -- customers are responsible for
			installing and maintaining their own security schemes (e.g.  
firewalls).
			So trying to place this burden on the IP Carrier is unreasonable and
			also inconsistent with the End-to-End Principle.

Section 2:	Most of the Internet does not have a concept of QoS.  For  
this reason,
			the concept of "degraded QoS" also does not widely exist.  This
			needs to be edited to scope it only to networks that happen to have
			some form of QoS.  Such networks might constitute the null set today.

Section 3:	Experience so far with real-time traffic, particularly voice  
and video,
			over the Internet is that the challenges are primarily in selecting
			appropriately resilient codecs/vocoders -- NOT in changing the way
			the IP network itself is deployed.  Experiments with use of  
Integrated
			Services (RSVP et alia) caused us to learn that such an approach  
cannot
			scale.  DiffServ/IP ToS cannot provide fine-grained QoS and has not
			yet proven itself to be deployable on the large scale in a commercial
			(not research) IP network.  Even the US DoD does not currently  
support
			DiffServ/IP ToS in its IP networks (in fact might not have *any* form
			of explicit QoS support today).

Section 4:	I am not sure what this means.

Section 5:	One of my concerns is that deploying additional mechanisms  
(e.g. QoS)
			into an IP network generally means increasing the vulnerabilities
			and operational risks of that network.  This ought to be noted here.
------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
-----------

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
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On Thursday, Oct 31, 2002, at 14:06 America/Montreal, James M. Polk 
wrote:
> Bill - this charter seems to describe networks *other* than yours 
> (because
> of your choice of interconnectivity issues); therefore I believe your
> discussion is out of scope for this list until *you* can change the 
> charter
> to *not* state IEPREP directly involves the commercial 
> telecommunications
> industry (which means at least also interconnectivity to the 
> PSTN/GSTN/CSN).

No, Bill's comments aren't out of scope due to charter.  Instead, the 
draft
needs to be edited to specifically fit within the scope of this WG's 
charter
and ensure that any reader of the draft is not confused about the 
intended
scope of the draft.

> One problem I see with you doing this is your intent on *not* 
> connecting to
> IEPREP/ETS/GETS/GTPS services of any kind (so why are you commenting 
> at all
> to this discussion that will not involve you or your network?).

A good reason is that the draft under discussion appears to claim to 
apply
to all networks -- not just those that choose to sell IEprep services.  
This
is easily fixable by editing the draft under discussion -- and that is 
the
right kind of fix to undertake.

Regards,

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

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On Thursday, Oct 31, 2002, at 14:26 America/Montreal, Folts, Harold 
wrote:
> No, this is NOT "one user's" experience with the PSTN at all.

Until such time as you get other organisations and other countries
to represent themselves here and present their perspectives, preferably
in their own documents about what services they use today and plan
to use in the future, the rest of us (who aren't monetarily or 
contractually
beholden to NCS) can only realistically know that the document 
represents
your views based on your experience at NCS.

The ongoing hand-waving that you speak for the whole world just
is not credible by itself.

Terribly sorry, but that is the reality of the situation.

Ran

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Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 13:06:59 -0800 (PST)
From: Bill Woodcock <woody@pch.net>
To: "James M. Polk" <jmpolk@cisco.com>
cc: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
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      On Thu, 31 Oct 2002, James M. Polk wrote:
    > ...public telecommunications capabilities at hand. These
    > capabilities include: conventional telephone, cellular phones, and
    > Internet access via online terminals, IP telephones....

Right.  So Peter and I both operate global Internet networks over which
global voice networks consisting of IP telephones operate.

    > Therefore, the Internet community needs to consider how it can best
    > support emergency management and recovery operations.

...and the principal purpose of the voice network that I operate is
Internet infrastructure protection, emergency response, and operational
change coordination.

    > this charter seems to describe networks *other* than yours;
    > therefore I believe your discussion is out of scope for this list

Hm.  Not quite sure how you come to this conclusion.

    > IEPREP directly involves the commercial telecommunications
    > industry (which means at least also interconnectivity to the PSTN/GSTN/CSN).

Uh, I thought it explicitly included VoIP networks which _weren't_
interconnected with the PSTN.  I think you guys need to make up your minds
whether you're trying to require something of me or not.

    > this seems like a very good time for *you* to write an ID about the
    > issues and requirements involving Topology "End-to-End IP" from:

Uh, I typically only take time away from operational work to respond to
requests for my "ranting BS" from the IESG/IAB level.

    > I have read through ~10 emails that you (and maybe Ran) want
    > your Topology to be overlapping in nature (therefore everything changed)
    > with respect to the other 3 Topologies

Please clarify this?  My objection is to someone suggesting that they're
requiring something of me (QoS or interconnection with arbitrary other
networks being two examples) which I may either be unable to complete
autonomously, which they may be unwilling to pay for, or which I may have
neither engineering nor business motivation to do.

    > One problem I see with you doing this is your intent on *not* connecting to
    > IEPREP/ETS/GETS/GTPS services of any kind (so why are you commenting at all
    > to this discussion that will not involve you or your network?).

Are they services, networks, or requirements?  I can only "connect" my
network with another network, not a "service" or a "requirement."  If it
won't involve me or my network, why is it called a "requirement?"

                                -Bill


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Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 13:19:43 -0800 (PST)
From: Bill Woodcock <woody@pch.net>
To: "Folts, Harold" <foltsh@ncs.gov>
cc: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
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    > The objective of this initiative in the IETF is to provide
    > useful capabilites for disaster relief operations using the
    > Internet and packet-based technologies

I'm not seeing any sort of needs-analysis draft in the ieprep-charter
page.  What mechanism did you employ to determine that these useful
capabilities weren't already being provided by the Internet?  The goals
you state, as opposed to the mechanisms, are clearly better met by the
Internet than by the PSTN already.

                                -Bill


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From: Sean Donelan <sean@donelan.com>
To: RJ Atkinson <rja@extremenetworks.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Re: draft-ietf-ieprep-requirements-01
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On Thu, 31 Oct 2002, RJ Atkinson wrote:
> This is true, but incomplete.  In at least 2 widely deployed
> implementations, the code inside ip_input() looks for packets with the
> magic IP ToS value set and then verifies that they are BGP packets (by
> looking at protocol=TCP and port=BGP) and handles them with reduced
> drop preference.  The degree of reduced drop preference is unclear to
> me (and is somewhat debatable) absent some scientific testing, but
> notionally it is present.

I'll admit I have not tried it recently.  Proteon routers were very much
ToS aware, and ToS bits could make a significant difference.  But most of
the other brand routers I tried, ToS seemed to be a no-op, except for
locally originated packets.  I haven't seen the router source code, so I
don't know their precise handling of the ToS bits.  Treating the router as
a black-box, our testing didn't show any difference between packets with
ToS bits and packets without ToS bits.  But I didn't try every combination
of packet, protocol, port, ToS, etc.  So I may have missed the magic
combination of priority bits.

In any case, because the precise behavior isn't well documented it
may not be a great idea to rely on a particular behavior.

> It certainly is a potential threat.  Many ISPs configure their access
> routers to strip the IP ToS bits on all packets received from
>  customers -- in order to  mitigate such threats.  This last practice
> is a de facto barrier to widespread  DiffServ deployment.

My experience is only ISPs doing MPLS mangle the ToS bits.  Since I used
to work with some IBM mainframes, which were ToS aware and got upset when
people munged the ToS bits, it was most annoying.

Although this may explain why we have recently (in the last 3 months)
started seeing attacks containing packets with port 179.  Before now I
didn't make the connection why they were sending BGP packets to things
that didn't talk BGP.  I was assuming (dumb mistake) the routers didn't
treat transit packets differently.  But if the routers prioritize BGP
packets over other packets, it would make a more effective DOS technique.

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    > there is a maximum packet loss and delay for VoIP traffic, and
    > both are interdependent.  For delays of ~200ms, a corresponding
    > drop rate of 5% is deemed acceptable.  When delay is lower, a
    > 15-20% drop rate can be experienced and still considered
    > acceptable.  Regardless of a definitive drop rate, it would seem
    > that interactive voice has a lower threshold of loss than other
    > elastic applications.

No disagreement with any of that.  Have you, however, been able to find
any IP telephony (by your definition, SIP or equivalent) using site
pairs which are experiencing interconnection performance worse than
that?  The only connection we've been able to find which failed to
exceed PSTN quality was actually a satellite modem connection, so it
was, in effect, tunnelled through the PSTN.

And that was the link adjacent to the end-user, and was carrying no
other traffic. Thus no amount of QoS, dif-serv, SLA, et cetera would
have been of any help.

My operational experience tells me that that's a generalizable truth.
That unlike in the PSTN, in the Internet, if there's a path, it'll be
sufficient, and if there isn't a path, no amount of QoS will fix the
basic lack of ability to forward packets.

                                -Bill


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On Thursday, Oct 31, 2002, at 16:31 America/Montreal, Sean Donelan 
wrote:
>  Proteon routers were very much
> ToS aware, and ToS bits could make a significant difference.

I still miss my Proteons.  Agree.

> Treating the router as a black-box, our testing didn't show any 
> difference
> between packets with ToS bits and packets without ToS bits.

Interesting and useful data.

> In any case, because the precise behavior isn't well documented it
> may not be a great idea to rely on a particular behavior.

Fair.

> My experience is only ISPs doing MPLS mangle the ToS bits.  Since I 
> used
> to work with some IBM mainframes, which were ToS aware and got upset 
> when
> people munged the ToS bits, it was most annoying.

Interesting.

> Although this may explain why we have recently (in the last 3 months)
> started seeing attacks containing packets with port 179.  Before now I
> didn't make the connection why they were sending BGP packets to things
> that didn't talk BGP.  I was assuming (dumb mistake) the routers didn't
> treat transit packets differently.  But if the routers prioritize BGP
> packets over other packets, it would make a more effective DOS 
> technique.

Ah.  I was unclear; my bad.  I'm not sure whether or not *transit* 
packets
are handled differently in a default router config these days.  I 
should have
said that on the receive-side *for packets destined to the receiving 
router*
there was (notional) intelligence to drop other packets rather than
drop incoming BGP packets.  As your tests didn't indicate it made much
difference, this implementation detail might not matter in practice.

Thanks,

Ran


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On Thursday, Oct 31, 2002, at 14:06 America/Montreal, James M. Polk 
wrote:
>  I have read through ~10 emails that you (and maybe Ran) want
> your Topology to be overlapping in nature (therefore everything 
> changed)
> with respect to the other 3 Topologies - yet your unclear reasoning 
> seems
> to point to your uniqueness relative to the other Topologies.

I don't recall commenting directly on topologies.  So I find the above
pretty confusing and am not at all sure of your meaning.

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com

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    > This problem is further compounded when toll-quality service is
    > expected because it assumes a default service model that is
    > better than best effort.  This in turn can increase the
    > probability that a form of call-blocking can occur with VoIP or
    > IP telephony traffic.

I'm not able to make sense of this.

What's meant by "toll-quality service?"  I'm perhaps incorrectly
reading that as "voice quality similar to that experienced by users of
the PSTN."  If that interpretation is as intended, it implies that the
authors believe that IP telephony on the commodity Internet doesn't
universally exceed that threshold.

                                -Bill


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On Thu, 31 Oct 2002, Sean Donelan wrote:

> My experience is only ISPs doing MPLS mangle the ToS bits.  Since I used
> to work with some IBM mainframes, which were ToS aware and got upset when
> people munged the ToS bits, it was most annoying.

I believe some ISPs are re-marking packets at the customer edge to
indicate higher priority for VoIP (and a 0 priority for everything else)
as well.

Regards,
Kelly J.
--
Kelly J. Cooper        -  Security Engineer, CISSP
GENUITY                -  Main # - 800-632-7638
Woburn, MA 01801       -  http://www.genuity.net

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    > Primary Objectives in support of authorized emergency calls:
    > 2) Interaction with PSTN
    > The second objective involves the interaction of IP telephony
    > signaling with existing PSTN support for emergency related voice
    > communications.  As mentioned above in Section 1.2, standard
    > T1.631 [26] specifies emergency code points for SS7.
    > Specifically, the National Security and Emergency Preparedness
    > (NS/EP) Calling Party Category code point is defined for ISUP IAM
    > messages used by SS7 [26].  Hence, our objective in the
    > interaction between the PSTN and IP telephony with respect to
    > IEPS (and national indicators) is a direct mapping between
    > related code points.

This seems problematic to me, in exactly the same way as if a user came
before the IETF with a draft which stated that that their objective was
to have carriers peer. That's nice, but that's a business decision to
be made by the carriers, and it doesn't really serve any useful goal to
say that it's nice in an official IETF document.  This seems like
another statement of the "We like toast!" variety.

Simply stating that "interaction with the PSTN is a primary objective"
isn't going to get the PSTN carriers to run around buying connections
to all the different IP telephony networks, and I doubt the NCS would
be really happy paying the marked-up pass-through cost of doing so,
even if the telcos felt like doing it.


                                -Bill


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    > 3.1.  Alternate Path Routing
    > This objective involves the ability to discover and use a
    > different path to route IP telephony traffic around congestion
    > points and thus avoid them. Ideally, the discovery process would
    > be accomplished in an expedient manner (possibly even a priori to
    > the need of its existence).  At this level, we make no
    > requirements as to how the alternate path is accomplished, or
    > even at which layer it is achieved -- e.g., the network versus
    > the application layer.  But this kind of capability, at least in
    > a minimal form, would help contribute to increasing the
    > probability of call completion of IEPS traffic.

I cannot begin to express the depth of my disagreement with this
assertion.  _Nothing short of a backhoe_ will have a more adverse
effect upon the likelihood of call completion than routing it on a path
other than that of the production traffic.

The degree of increased complexity _which has no other purpose_ and
_would receive no other use_. Emergency systems which share no fate
with production systems, don't get regular use, and aren't associated
with any revenue are, without question, doomed to failure.

                                -Bill


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On Thursday, Oct 31, 2002, at 17:00 America/Montreal, Kelly J. Cooper 
wrote:
> I believe some ISPs are re-marking packets at the customer edge to
> indicate higher priority for VoIP (and a 0 priority for everything 
> else)
> as well.

Very interesting.  Thanks for sharing.  Are those ISPs also deploying
support for IP ToS/DiffServ with multiple queues and so forth ?
Is the deployment large-scale in a production network ?

Learning more about actual deployment experience with such would be
very helpful for the discussion here, IMHO.

Ran

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On Thursday, Oct 31, 2002, at 18:04 America/Montreal, Bill Woodcock 
wrote:
> Simply stating that "interaction with the PSTN is a primary objective"
> isn't going to get the PSTN carriers to run around buying connections
> to all the different IP telephony networks, and I doubt the NCS would
> be really happy paying the marked-up pass-through cost of doing so,
> even if the telcos felt like doing it.

Bill,

	To be fair, if NCS have budget to do it and think it is wise
use of their budget (and it doesn't contravene whatever rules govern
that budget), then I think that is their call to make -- not the IETF's 
call
-- for the same reason that you outline that "obtaining peering" is
a business decision among consenting ISPs rather than an IETF decision.

	I might share your sense that it is likely to be expensive,
but I strongly think IETF needs to stay far far away from telling
people what kinds of business those people may/should/must undertake
(or not undertake).

Ran

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From: Bill Woodcock <woody@pch.net>
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    > 	To be fair, if NCS have budget to do it and think it is wise
    > use of their budget (and it doesn't contravene whatever rules govern
    > that budget), then I think that is their call to make -- not the IETF's
    > call
    > -- for the same reason that you outline that "obtaining peering" is
    > a business decision among consenting ISPs rather than an IETF decision.

Right...  So we don't have IETF documents saying that it's nice to peer,
and we don't have IETF documents saying that we like toast, and I don't
see that we should have IETF documents which say that it would be nice if
the PSTN connected to the rest of the world.  Sure, it would be nice, but
are they going to do it?  None of our business, in an institutional sense.

                                -Bill


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	I know of work on voice over IP over low-bandwidth HF Radio
done by US Navy in the early 90s.  It worked fine.   The critical
thing to making it all work was to pick a robust/resilience vocoder
algorithm.  No QoS was needed.  And available bandwidth (for all
traffic) was a lot less than 1 Mbps.

	I'm not suggesting that VoIP is trivial to make work, just that
a lot of the anxiety about network QoS seems to be misplaced
given various experiments and various real deployments.  I think
getting the SIP bits working as intended can be pretty hard,
for example.

Ran

On Thursday, Oct 31, 2002, at 16:57 America/Montreal, Bill Woodcock 
wrote:
>> there is a maximum packet loss and delay for VoIP traffic, and
>> both are interdependent.  For delays of ~200ms, a corresponding
>> drop rate of 5% is deemed acceptable.  When delay is lower, a
>> 15-20% drop rate can be experienced and still considered
>> acceptable.  Regardless of a definitive drop rate, it would seem
>> that interactive voice has a lower threshold of loss than other
>> elastic applications.
>
> No disagreement with any of that.  [...]
> My operational experience tells me that that's a generalizable truth.
> That unlike in the PSTN, in the Internet, if there's a path, it'll be
> sufficient, and if there isn't a path, no amount of QoS will fix the
> basic lack of ability to forward packets.
>
>                                 -Bill

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On Thursday, Oct 31, 2002, at 18:44 America/Montreal, Bill Woodcock 
wrote:

>
>> 3.1.  Alternate Path Routing
>> This objective involves the ability to discover and use a
>> different path to route IP telephony traffic around congestion
>> points and thus avoid them. Ideally, the discovery process would
>> be accomplished in an expedient manner (possibly even a priori to
>> the need of its existence).  At this level, we make no
>> requirements as to how the alternate path is accomplished, or
>> even at which layer it is achieved -- e.g., the network versus
>> the application layer.  But this kind of capability, at least in
>> a minimal form, would help contribute to increasing the
>> probability of call completion of IEPS traffic.
>
> I cannot begin to express the depth of my disagreement with this
> assertion.  _Nothing short of a backhoe_ will have a more adverse
> effect upon the likelihood of call completion than routing it on a path
> other than that of the production traffic.

	And actually, this "requirement" is one driven by a PSTN-like 
architecture
where routing is NOT dynamic and instead is static, configured at call
setup time.  The Internet does not have that problem so doesn't need the
above "requirement".

	With the IP world's dynamic routing, the above requirement is not 
appropriate
or helpful to achieving better quality connectivity during a calamity.
The 9/11 calamity, several earthquakes, and sundry other disasters 
around
the world have shown that dynamic IP routing is nearly impossible to 
beat.
To give another example, the Iraqis reportedly used dynamic IP routing
to keep some of their command & control networks up and working during 
the Gulf War
-- despite extensive Allied bombing.

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com




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