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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] The world's biggest data consumers don't think priority is such a big priority
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Cc: Sean Donelan <sean@donelan.com>, ieprep@ietf.org
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From: RJ Atkinson <rja@extremenetworks.com>
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On Tuesday, Sep 30, 2003, at 19:46 America/Montreal, James M. Polk 
wrote:
> Needless to say, I completely disagree with your position and don't 
> rely on quotes from people I don't know (like you do apparently) to 
> get my information. I like first hand knowledge.

James,

	You claimed that no one was using Ethernet for critical services
without prioritisation (exact quote follows):

> The US Gov and others already employ priority networks; those that 
> don't,
> haven't moved their time critical applications over to their Ethernet
> networks (yet)

	I have first-hand knowledge of several sites that do use Ethernet
for time-critical applications and do not employ prioritisation.
I work at such a site.  I know of other such sites in various places
around the world.  I'll take any data I can get.  Different data
gets different weight in my analysis, depending on an assessment
of its quality.

	Moreover, unless one is omniscient, which no one on this list
is, one could not know whether 'all of those that don't use priority
networks' do (or don't do) *anything*.  There are far too many networks
in the world for anyone to know all the pertinent details about all
of them.  Yet you claim to have just such knowledge.

	Your claim was too extreme.  Had you said "many" or "some" or
"few" rather than "those that don't", it might have been a lot more
plausible statement.  However, you didn't do so and did not clarify
your meaning when questioned about it yesterday.  Pity that.

> I was merely reacting to the quoted person's claim that prioritization
> in IP was not necessary.

Nonsense.  There was no comment about "prioritisation in IP" in
that article.  You badly misread the article at the URL provided.

(For any who tuned in late, the URL is:
	http://news.com.com/2100-1035_3-5083779.html )

1)  The article at that URL does NOT anyplace contain the phrase "IP"
	or the phrase "Internet Protocol".
2)  The article more than once states that AT&T is discussing an
	"Ethernet service".
3)  Ethernet is not IP, and is in fact at a lower layer in a
     a conventional protocol architecture.

Now, as it happens, IEEE 802.1p (now packaged in a revised 802.1d)
specifies Ethernet precedence.  In some ways, that IEEE mechanism is
similar to the IP precedence mechanism.  I know of a number of sites
that use 802.1p and also a number of sites that don't use 802.1p.

Now, since a private email has erroneously suggested that my employer
would benefit from users not deploying QoS, I'll clarify that point.
My employer quite possibly has the *best* implementation of IP ToS,
DiffServ, and 802.1p available.  Some of our customers enable some
of those features, some do not.  It would be advantageous for my
employer if more folks enabled those features, because it would provide
additional crisp differentiation from many of our competitors.
However, on an IETF list, I express my own views about the standards
topics under discussion, rather than advocating standards positions
because they might advantage my employer.  This might be confusing
to some.  It does not confuse those who've watched me in the IETF
context over the years.

In any event, the issues with IP prioritisation on this IETF list have 
been
focused on the inter-domain context, where deployment of inter-domain
DiffServ (or similar) mechanism creates a significant (Distributed)
Denial of Service attack vector not present otherwise.  If anyone
has a technical approach that enables deployment of DiffServ in an
inter-domain context without creating a (D)DOS attack vector,
I'm sure it would be of general interest to this list (it probably
deserves a new Subject: line, however :-).

Yours,

Ran Atkinson
rja@extremenetworks.com


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From: "Gunn, Janet" <Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com>
To: "'Sean Donelan'" <sean@donelan.com>, ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] The world's biggest data consumers don't think prior
	ity is such a big priority
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2003 09:15:52 -0400 
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May I paraphrase?

"Users with very large 'pipes' don't see the need for prioritization."

That seems to be a pretty valid statement.

But it says nothing about users and uses within the same organizations which
do NOT have massive overcapacity pipes.

-----Original Message-----
From: Sean Donelan [mailto:sean@donelan.com]
Sent: Monday, September 29, 2003 10:30 PM
To: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: [Ieprep] The world's biggest data consumers don't think
priority is such a big priority



"Priority" is a buzzword networking executives use to describe assigning
levels of importance to network traffic. The practice is intended to
ensure that a company's most important data gets through a crowded
connection.

But it's a different story for the health care industry and government
agencies, whose notoriously large data appetites have created a market for
connections 10 times the size of a typical data pipe. Since these
customers haven't yet come close to stressing their connection's capacity,
they have no need for expensive and hard-to-manage priority systems, AT&T
Ethernet Services Director Franco Callocchia said.

http://news.com.com/2100-1035_3-5083779.html


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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] The world's biggest data consumers don't think priority is such ...
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Earlier, Ran Atkinson wrote:
>> Those folks
>> further say that the US DoD JCS has *prohibited* deployment of
>> prioritisation in DoD IP networks (unless a JCS waiver is obtained;
>> DISA network ops folks tell me they do not have such a waiver).

On Tuesday, Sep 30, 2003, at 23:55 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com 
wrote:
> The words in the above statemet seem to have been jumbled. To correct
> the word order: The JCS has prohibited further deployment of IP 
> networks
> (for mission critical communications) until the necessary 
> prioritization
> is possible. They do not have such a waiver.

Thanks.  I checked again.  I am told that both statements (mine at top &
yours just above) are true.  It is helpful of you to clarify
by adding the second statement.

> I don't think that the "ops folks" are the ones to be telling you what
> the requirements are for the future.

Certainly there are many folks that might have an impact on the future.

The "ops folks" are in a very good position to speak to the present
deployments -- and my comment was a follow-up to James M Polk's
claim that "The US Gov and others already employ priority networks;".

Now I believe James' claim is true, at least for some USG networks,
primarily since the USG is so large that it rarely has a unified 
position
on anything and it has lots of different networks.  However, I thought
it worth clarifying that the JCS prohibition means that the DISA IP
networks (specifically {N,S}IPRnet) are not among the USG networks
that "already employ priority networks".  So not all USG networks
"already employ priority".   To me the situation seems a bit odd,
since the old DDN used the IP ToS byte as originally defined,
at least in some places within the network (e.g. using Proteon routers).

IMHO, in a lot of ways, the reported JCS prohibition on IP 
prioritisation
seems unfortunate, though no doubt they have good reasons, because 
various
mechanisms (e.g. DiffServ) can be very useful within a single 
administrative
domain -- and uplink bandwidth is really scarce in a lot of current 
field
operational environments (e.g. AF, IQ, ships at sea, aircraft in 
flight).

I'll further note that I think of IP QoS as something that is just
as useful for non-voice applications as for voice applications.
It isn't clear to me which meaning for "communications" is intended
in the statement you added, whether that is specifically voice,
or is any form of communications.  Perhaps that distinction isn't a key
issue for this IETF WG, however.

> I think they tend to think and
> concern themselves with what is currently in use. You need to talk to
> the standards people and those planning the future networks.

Agree.  I also talk with folks planning the future networks --
for example some of the many folks involved with DISA GIG-BE
and other projects.  And I will note that the GIG-BE RFP sought
equipment that supported a variety of QoS mechanisms at different
protocol layers and in different technologies.

Thanks,

Ran Atkinson
rja@extremenetworks.com


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Cc: Sean Donelan <sean@donelan.com>, ieprep@ietf.org
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Ran,

> 	Moreover, unless one is omniscient, which no one on this list
> is,

And how do you know that? 

Kimberly


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On Wednesday, Oct 1, 2003, at 11:13 America/Montreal, King, Kimberly S. 
wrote:
>> 	Moreover, unless one is omniscient, which no one on this list
>> is,
>
> And how do you know that?
>
> Kimberly

Correct and point well taken.  I retract the quote from me above,
as being just as absurd as the original I griped about.

Better phrasing (maybe):
	As far as I can tell, God isn't posting to this list yet,
	and in my universe only God is omniscient.

:-)

Thanks & Cheers,

Ran
rja@extremenetworks.com


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Ah, it is that time again.  The next IETF meeting 
is November 9-14, 2003 in Minneapolis, MN. 

Should IEPREP meet?  
What might be presented?  

Please send your ideas to the chairs.

Kimberly


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Thread-Topic: [Ieprep] The world's biggest data consumers don't think priority is such a big priority
Thread-Index: AcOIJC4mnI+PdVHdRu+6pV6/FXlsdQAA3Yqg
From: "Ayyasamy, Senthilkumar  \(UMKC-Student\)" <saq66@umkc.edu>
To: "RJ Atkinson" <rja@extremenetworks.com>,
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Subject: [Ieprep] Revisiting IP QoS: Why do we care, what have we learned?
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just few pointers...

In any case, the recently concluded  SIGCOMM 03 had a workshop about =
QoS.
http://www.acm.org/sigcomm/sigcomm2003/workshop/ripqos/ripqos-program.htm=
l

I recommend, Jon's article on predictions about QoS future .

 QoS's Downfall: At the bottom, or not at all!
 J. Crowcroft, S. Hand , R. Mortier,T. Roscoe, A. Warfield=20
 ACM SIGCOMM 2003 Workshop on Revisiting IP QoS
 Karlsruhe, Germany, August 27, 2003
 =
http://www.intel-research.net/Publications/Berkeley/072220031010_149.pdf

the papers are available for everyone (provided as a service to all by =
the
members of SIGCOMM.) But, the proceedings will appear in some future =
CCR.=20
probably, google for the paper titles or contact the authors.
=20

>In any event, the issues with IP prioritisation on this IETF list have=20
>been focused on the inter-domain context, where deployment of =
inter-domain
>DiffServ (or similar) mechanism creates a significant (Distributed)
>Denial of Service attack vector not present otherwise.=20

Quality of Service and Denial of Service
S. Shalunov, B. Teitelbaum
ACM SIGCOMM 2003 Workshop on Revisiting IP QoS
Karlsruhe, Germany, August 27, 2003
http://people.internet2.edu/~ben/papers.html

It doesn't provide a solution. It just talks about ben/Stanislav =
experience=20
with deploying premium service(part of QBone/I2 architecture.)


>If anyone has a technical approach that enables deployment of DiffServ=20
>in an inter-domain context without creating a (D)DOS attack vector,

In any case, we need

 o proper signaling mechanism
 o demand pull from operators
 o standardization push from vendors
 o enough deployment experience (intra-domain)
 o proper Inter-domain business model.

even for *standardizing* inter-domain Differv. IMO, we have not seen
any of the above... Of course, we have RFC 2998 (Integrated Services=20
Operation over Diffserv  Networks); but, it was never even deployed(?)
I don't follow NSIS. But, seems they are more interested in QoS for=20
mobility etc.=20


As for security breaches (DoS attacks, resource hijacking etc) regarding =

QoS, we simply don't have an answer. The process of avoiding DoS attacks =

in diffserv is not a protocol or architecture issue; it is more of=20
implementation and operational issue. If we have enough diffserv=20
provisioned networks across the Internet, operators will enable their=20
filters accordingly. If they have proper measurement infrastructure in=20
place, a tight filter( say 1:100) will help us drill down DoS attacks.

we can identify and contain DoS spread (if your clever, cut them near=20
the attack source); but, can never be avoided. IP traceback, hash=20
traceback, and  itrace help to identify the source.=20


yes, RED-PD and pushback are router mechanisms to avoid DoS attacks. =
But,
many of the DoS packets are forged to look like a valid one. =
authentication=20
mechanism (MD5 check or ipsec) are required to check for validity. In =
short,
we simply don't have a solution to avoid DoS attacks.=20

An interesting work will be researching on identifying QoS =
vulnerabilities=20
and drawing an attack tree for executing a DoS attack.


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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] The world's biggest data consumers don't think
	priority is such ...
From: Rex Buddenberg <budden@nps.navy.mil>
To: RJ Atkinson <rja@extremenetworks.com>
Cc: Mpierce1@aol.com, ieprep <ieprep@ietf.org>
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On Wed, 2003-10-01 at 07:17, RJ Atkinson wrote:

> Agree.  I also talk with folks planning the future networks --
> for example some of the many folks involved with DISA GIG-BE
> and other projects.  And I will note that the GIG-BE RFP sought
> equipment that supported a variety of QoS mechanisms at different
> protocol layers and in different technologies.

Diffserv works essentially identically to the old JANAP 128 precedence
indicator handling procedures (flash, immediate, priority, routine). 
That priority handling system exists today in Autodin (no, it still
hasn't gone away) and in the say JANAP 128 messages are handled (at
least in theory) ... which also still hasn't gone away.

The distinction here is a provisioning issue.  If you can overprovision
the network, then we have had ample discussion here that the
prioritization (e.g. diffserv) cures are worse than the disease.  GIG-BE
is a significant change in DISA economics (from fee-for-service to a
growth capitalization) which will probably result in overprovisioning
FOR THAT SEGMENT OF THE COMMS SYSTEM.  But that segment is never the
complete comms system -- DISA's infrastructure never touches the soldier
in the field or the sailor on the ship -- those segments are always
service-owned and operated.  

But the military comms system has bottlenecks in it that cannot be
wished away by throwing money into the overprovisioning budget.  For
several years these bottlenecks would show up in random places because
the investements are uneven.  But over the long term, the bottlenecks
are always in the radio-WAN.  The largest pipes (which are ironically
called 'High Speed Data' by the vendor) onto the typical Navy destroyer
have a capacity of 64kbps.  The terrestrial WAN at the commsta end of
this pipe can easily be provisioned at orders of magnitude greater
capacity.  And the Navy has provisioned its ships afloat at orders of
magnitude greater capacity (increasingly gig ethernet).  
	I notice that the Transformational Comms System briefings have had
'make bandwidth go away as a constraint' disappear -- apparently
somebody finally got a clue that the satellite capacities will always be
orders of magnitude less than the terrestrial.  

You can cut 'military' and past 'emergency services' in the above
paragraph and get the same situation.


The obvious lessons here are:
	- overprovision when you can.  Best way to do that is to up your Ao
numbers by getting diverse altroutes ... you'll find yourself
overprovisioning by accident.
	- the radio-WAN segment is one where overprovisioning is not practical
-- we need some kind of control mechanism.  Diffserv is one reasonable
avenue, access control is another -- both are hard to do in a highly
decentralized system that the internet is.  How do we get there without
generating a lose-lose situation?


-- 
b


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To: RJ Atkinson <rja@extremenetworks.com>, Mpierce1@aol.com
From: "James M. Polk" <jmpolk@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] The world's biggest data consumers don't think
  priority is such ...
Cc: ieprep <ieprep@ietf.org>
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At 10:17 AM 10/1/2003 -0400, RJ Atkinson wrote:


>Earlier, Ran Atkinson wrote:
>>>Those folks
>>>further say that the US DoD JCS has *prohibited* deployment of
>>>prioritisation in DoD IP networks (unless a JCS waiver is obtained;
>>>DISA network ops folks tell me they do not have such a waiver).
>
>On Tuesday, Sep 30, 2003, at 23:55 America/Montreal, Mpierce1@aol.com wrote:
>
>The "ops folks" are in a very good position to speak to the present
>deployments -- and my comment was a follow-up to James M Polk's
>claim that "The US Gov and others already employ priority networks;".

I don't know why you took the statement quoted above to mean *ALL* networks 
within the US Gov....


>Now I believe James' claim is true, at least for some USG networks,
>primarily since the USG is so large that it rarely has a unified position
>on anything and it has lots of different networks.  However, I thought
>it worth clarifying that the JCS prohibition means that the DISA IP
>networks (specifically {N,S}IPRnet) are not among the USG networks
>that "already employ priority networks".  So not all USG networks
>"already employ priority".

Can you find any quote where I stated "all (anything)"?

I didn't think so

>IMHO, in a lot of ways, the reported JCS prohibition on IP prioritisation
>seems unfortunate, though no doubt they have good reasons, because various
>mechanisms (e.g. DiffServ) can be very useful within a single administrative
>domain -- and uplink bandwidth is really scarce in a lot of current field
>operational environments (e.g. AF, IQ, ships at sea, aircraft in flight).

Diffserv can't preempt a session as JCS's requirements currently state 
needs to happen for MLPP functionality... please read *why* the prohibition 
was made and the waiver necessary before commenting on it.

You're uninformed about this area, which is sad.... and your comments are 
making that fact more apparent.

BTW -- I will eat one acronym I did state incorrectly. My fast fingers 
added "IP" to my original response to Sean's email and I knew that was not 
accurate just after I sent it. I know that error contributed to part of 
this rathole


>Thanks,
>
>Ran Atkinson
>rja@extremenetworks.com
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Ieprep mailing list
>Ieprep@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep


cheers,
James

                                *******************
                 Truth is not to be argued... it is to be presented


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On Wednesday, Oct 1, 2003, at 12:19 America/Montreal, James M. Polk 
wrote:
> At 10:17 AM 10/1/2003 -0400, RJ Atkinson wrote:
>> Earlier, Ran Atkinson wrote:
>> The "ops folks" are in a very good position to speak to the present
>> deployments -- and my comment was a follow-up to James M Polk's
>> claim that "The US Gov and others already employ priority networks;".
>
> I don't know why you took the statement quoted above to mean *ALL* 
> networks within the US Gov....

Your statement was ambiguous.  I thought additional clarity
would be useful.  Clearly your mileage varies.  Enjoy.

>> Now I believe James' claim is true, at least for some USG networks,
>> primarily since the USG is so large that it rarely has a unified 
>> position
>> on anything and it has lots of different networks.  However, I thought
>> it worth clarifying that the JCS prohibition means that the DISA IP
>> networks (specifically {N,S}IPRnet) are not among the USG networks
>> that "already employ priority networks".  So not all USG networks
>> "already employ priority".
>
> Can you find any quote where I stated "all (anything)"?

Please see above.

>> IMHO, in a lot of ways, the reported JCS prohibition on IP 
>> prioritisation
>> seems unfortunate, though no doubt they have good reasons, because 
>> various
>> mechanisms (e.g. DiffServ) can be very useful within a single 
>> administrative
>> domain -- and uplink bandwidth is really scarce in a lot of current 
>> field
>> operational environments (e.g. AF, IQ, ships at sea, aircraft in 
>> flight).
>
> Diffserv can't preempt a session as JCS's requirements currently state 
> needs to happen for MLPP functionality... please read *why* the 
> prohibition was made and the waiver necessary before commenting on it.

I am familiar with both.

It is not at all clear that DiffServ is unable to preempt.  I know
of deployments of IP ToS/DiffServ where the low-precedence IP traffic
is dropped and pre-empted by the high-precedence IP traffic --
because the network was configured to do just that.  There are some
reports by DoD components with test results that are not inconsistent
with this claim.

Among the keys to those successes were:
	- policing the markings so one avoided "precedence creep"
		(see postings from Rex Buddenburg et alia on this list);
	     this is often most easily done in edge switches, though
	     that can increase the deployment complexity.
	- marking network control traffic as highest priority, so that
	 	the network would not collapse due to user traffic pre-empting
		critical control traffic (e.g. routing protocols, bridge
		protocols).
	- ensuring that MLPP was really the policy that the network
		operator wanted to deploy on their network.
	- keeping the deployment within a single domain, so that the
		(D)DOS risks could be managed to level acceptable to the
		network operator

I'd be interested to hear the specifics of what other folks think is
needed beyond DiffServ (in the intra-domain deployment context).
That might be a way to focus discussion in a productive way.

> You're uninformed about this area,

Untrue.
I am informed; I've just reached different conclusions than you have,
probably because I have different data than you do.

The value of this list and the conversations here are the opportunities
to discuss things and for everyone to collect more data and maybe even
converge opinions.

Calling someone else uninformed isn't terribly likely to help either
put more data out or converge opinions; sigh.

> and your comments are making that fact more apparent.

Here we disagree, but please do enjoy your opinion. :-)

> BTW -- I will eat one acronym I did state incorrectly. My fast fingers 
> added "IP" to my original response to Sean's email and I knew that was 
> not accurate just after I sent it. I know that error contributed to 
> part of this rathole

Thanks.

Ran Atkinson
rja@extremenetworks.com


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On Wednesday, Oct 1, 2003, at 13:12 America/Montreal, Rex Buddenberg 
wrote:
> But that segment is never the complete comms system -- DISA's
> infrastructure never touches the soldier in the field or the
> sailor on the ship -- those segments are always service-owned and 
> operated.

Agree.  However, all of the segments (DISA + service-specific
+ other DoD) can be considered to be a single administrative domain
for policy purposes, since a common policy can be decided upon
by SECDEF (or designee like ASDNII) and then deployed department-wide.

> But the military comms system has bottlenecks in it that cannot be
> wished away by throwing money into the overprovisioning budget.

(also links that the DoD chooses not to spend money on; both reasons
drive the ongoing existence of bottlenecks :-)

> But over the long term, the bottlenecks are always in the radio-WAN.

Yes.

> The largest pipes (which are ironically
> called 'High Speed Data' by the vendor) onto the typical Navy destroyer
> have a capacity of 64kbps.  The terrestrial WAN at the commsta end of
> this pipe can easily be provisioned at orders of magnitude greater
> capacity.  And the Navy has provisioned its ships afloat at orders of
> magnitude greater capacity (increasingly gig ethernet).

Yes.

>  	I notice that the Transformational Comms System briefings have had
> 'make bandwidth go away as a constraint' disappear -- apparently
> somebody finally got a clue that the satellite capacities will always 
> be
> orders of magnitude less than the terrestrial.

Right.

> The obvious lessons here are:
> 	- overprovision when you can.  Best way to do that is to up your Ao
> numbers by getting diverse altroutes ... you'll find yourself
> overprovisioning by accident.
> 	- the radio-WAN segment is one where overprovisioning is not practical

s/not practical/often not practical/

> -- we need some kind of control mechanism.  Diffserv is one reasonable
> avenue, access control is another -- both are hard to do in a highly
> decentralized system that the internet is.  How do we get there without
> generating a lose-lose situation?

Good questions.

I think the answers are a lot easier intra-domain than inter-domain.

Intra-domain, one can deploy both DiffServ (or IP ToS with JANAP-like
markings) (optionally also link-layer precedence, such as 802.1p) and
also access controls.  This requires non-trivial effort in designing the
right controls/markings, getting the relevant network kit configured
appropriately, and getting the network monitoring systems in place
to monitor the network appropriately.   I've seen this done,
so I believe it is do-able.

I'd be interested to know what specific capabilities folks think we
need beyond what we have in hand (e.g. DiffServ, IP ToS, 802.1p).

Thanks,

Ran Atkinson
rja@extremenetworks.com



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From: "Rosen, Brian" <Brian.Rosen@marconi.com>
To: "'RJ Atkinson'" <rja@extremenetworks.com>,
        Rex Buddenberg
	 <budden@nps.navy.mil>
Cc: ieprep <ieprep@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] Military comms
Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2003 15:23:11 -0400 
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Depends on what your goal is.

If you are on a VoIP call, and you have lower-than-someone-else
priority on bandwidth, then the network may do what is intended
under congestion (not give you much bandwidth), but that is not 
necessarily all you want.  What you might want is call admission 
control - if the call goes through, you get "good" service.  
If the network can't give you good service, you might prefer to be 
told up front in the form of a "busy" indication.

Brian

> -----Original Message-----
> From: RJ Atkinson [mailto:rja@extremenetworks.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, October 01, 2003 1:27 PM
> To: Rex Buddenberg
> Cc: ieprep
> Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Military comms
> 
> 
> 
> On Wednesday, Oct 1, 2003, at 13:12 America/Montreal, Rex Buddenberg 
> wrote:
> > But that segment is never the complete comms system -- DISA's
> > infrastructure never touches the soldier in the field or the
> > sailor on the ship -- those segments are always service-owned and 
> > operated.
> 
> Agree.  However, all of the segments (DISA + service-specific
> + other DoD) can be considered to be a single administrative domain
> for policy purposes, since a common policy can be decided upon
> by SECDEF (or designee like ASDNII) and then deployed department-wide.
> 
> > But the military comms system has bottlenecks in it that cannot be
> > wished away by throwing money into the overprovisioning budget.
> 
> (also links that the DoD chooses not to spend money on; both reasons
> drive the ongoing existence of bottlenecks :-)
> 
> > But over the long term, the bottlenecks are always in the radio-WAN.
> 
> Yes.
> 
> > The largest pipes (which are ironically
> > called 'High Speed Data' by the vendor) onto the typical 
> Navy destroyer
> > have a capacity of 64kbps.  The terrestrial WAN at the 
> commsta end of
> > this pipe can easily be provisioned at orders of magnitude greater
> > capacity.  And the Navy has provisioned its ships afloat at 
> orders of
> > magnitude greater capacity (increasingly gig ethernet).
> 
> Yes.
> 
> >  	I notice that the Transformational Comms System 
> briefings have had
> > 'make bandwidth go away as a constraint' disappear -- apparently
> > somebody finally got a clue that the satellite capacities 
> will always 
> > be
> > orders of magnitude less than the terrestrial.
> 
> Right.
> 
> > The obvious lessons here are:
> > 	- overprovision when you can.  Best way to do that is 
> to up your Ao
> > numbers by getting diverse altroutes ... you'll find yourself
> > overprovisioning by accident.
> > 	- the radio-WAN segment is one where overprovisioning 
> is not practical
> 
> s/not practical/often not practical/
> 
> > -- we need some kind of control mechanism.  Diffserv is one 
> reasonable
> > avenue, access control is another -- both are hard to do in a highly
> > decentralized system that the internet is.  How do we get 
> there without
> > generating a lose-lose situation?
> 
> Good questions.
> 
> I think the answers are a lot easier intra-domain than inter-domain.
> 
> Intra-domain, one can deploy both DiffServ (or IP ToS with JANAP-like
> markings) (optionally also link-layer precedence, such as 802.1p) and
> also access controls.  This requires non-trivial effort in 
> designing the
> right controls/markings, getting the relevant network kit configured
> appropriately, and getting the network monitoring systems in place
> to monitor the network appropriately.   I've seen this done,
> so I believe it is do-able.
> 
> I'd be interested to know what specific capabilities folks think we
> need beyond what we have in hand (e.g. DiffServ, IP ToS, 802.1p).
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> Ran Atkinson
> rja@extremenetworks.com
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ieprep mailing list
> Ieprep@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep
> 

_______________________________________________
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On Friday, Oct 3, 2003, at 15:23 America/Montreal, Rosen, Brian wrote:
> Depends on what your goal is.
>
> If you are on a VoIP call, and you have lower-than-someone-else
> priority on bandwidth, then the network may do what is intended
> under congestion (not give you much bandwidth), but that is not
> necessarily all you want.  What you might want is call admission
> control - if the call goes through, you get "good" service.

Thanks for the followup.  I guess I was unclear.  Sorry.

	I would call that one form of access control, so that is not
inconsistent with my original statement.  To try to be more clear,
I meant "access controls" (quoted text at bottom) in a very broad sense,
not some narrow sense.  As you say, which set of access controls is
useful/needed varies with what one's goal might be.

	Inter-Domain remains quite ugly in any event, because one's
own desired policy might not be identical with some other operator's
deployed policy.

(Again, "operator" is broadly defined here to mean any operator,
not just an ISP.)

> If the network can't give you good service, you might prefer to be
> told up front in the form of a "busy" indication.

I'm sure that is sometimes true.

In the particular case, the deployed AutoVON ("DSN" to some) does
pre-empt (i.e. terminate if already in progress) lower precedence
calls if necessary, when the capacity is needed for a higher precedence
call.  As far as I know, this has been the AutoVON practice (at
least outside CONUS) since at least the early 1970s, quite possibly
for longer than that.

> Brian
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: RJ Atkinson [mailto:rja@extremenetworks.com]
>> Sent: Wednesday, October 01, 2003 1:27 PM
>> To: Rex Buddenberg
>> Cc: ieprep
>> Subject: Re: [Ieprep] Military comms
>>
>> ...[stuff deleted here]...
>>
>> Intra-domain, one can deploy both DiffServ (or IP ToS with JANAP-like
>> markings) (optionally also link-layer precedence, such as 802.1p) and
>> also access controls.  This requires non-trivial effort in
>> designing the right controls/markings, getting the relevant network
>> kit configured appropriately, and getting the network monitoring 
>> systems
>> in place to monitor the network appropriately.   I've seen this done,
>> so I believe it is do-able.


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Internet Emergency Preparedness Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Framework for Supporting IEPS in IP Telephony
	Author(s)	: K. Carlberg, I. Brown, C. Beard
	Filename	: draft-ietf-ieprep-framework-06.txt
	Pages		: 27
	Date		: 2003-10-7
	
This document presents a framework for supporting authorized
emergency related communication within the context of IP telephony.
We present a series of objectives that reflect a general view of how
authorized emergency service, in line with the Emergency
Telecommunications Service (ETS), should be realized within today's
IP architecture and service models.  From these objectives, we
present a corresponding set of protocols and capabilities, which
provide a more specific set of recommendations regarding existing
IETF protocols.  Finally, we present two scenarios that act as
guiding models for the objectives and functions listed in this
document.  These, models, coupled with an example of an existing
service in the PSTN, contribute to a constrained solution space.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ieprep-framework-06.txt

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From: "Ken Carlberg" <carlberg@g11.org.uk>
To: <ieprep@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-ieprep-framework-06.txt
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2003 08:31:18 -0400
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Barring objections from the group, I'd like to request that the chairs
announce a last call for this Telephony Framework draft.  I've purposely
delayed this request so that the requirements drafts could be advanced
up the standardization food chain.  With that process winding down, I'd
like to finish off the Framework draft.

Thanks,

-ken


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Comments on draft-ietf-ieprep-framework-06.txt
Comments on substance first, then editorial.

Substance
1.2 third para
I have always understood that jitter was more important than delay for VoIP,
but you do not mention it.

1.2 fourth para
This is stated as the opposite of what I have always understood.  I have
always seen it that VoIP applications can tolerate a higher drop rate, and
even a moderate delay, as long as jitter is very small.  Conversely elastic
applications such as email and web browsing can tolerate high jitter and
delay, but need a low drop rate (because in email and web browsing the
dropped packets need to be retransmitted, but in VoIP, if they are dropped
you forget about them).  Even a drop rate of "5%" is considered a very high
drop rate in a (data) world where the starting point for drop rates is 10 to
the minus 6.

4.4 
first para

The statement that "the user authenticates himself... using a PIN" is true
for GETS but not for WPS, nor for line authentication, nor for other related
programs, and therefore not for "PSTN" in general.  If you said "the user
authenticates himself as usual to the network" it would be a valid
statement.

Editorial

Section 1
First para
" Best effort ...infers..." should be "Best effort ... implies ..."
("infers" = "deduces")

Third para
Do you mean "stub domain" or "single domain"? The statement would seem to
also apply to a single domain "bridging" scenario.

1.2
first para
It would be clearer if you said "... though not necessarily Voice over IP
which is not IP telephony" , instead of just "... though not necessarily
Voice over IP

Section 3
Last line
Should be "violate", not "violet".

Section 4.1.5
MEGACO (RFC 3015) has been "obsoleted" by Gateway Control Protocol Version 1
(RFC 3525)  The statement that priority 0 is the lowest and priority 15 is
the highest is in 3525 but not in 3015. 

4.4 last para 
says "IEPS" rather than "ETS".  Is this intentional?

4.5 last para
"meetings" should be "meeting"

Section 5, text after figure 1
Do you mean "Grade of Service" (= blocking probability based on Erlang's
formulae) or "Quality of Service" (= jitter, delay, drop rate)?

Janet

-----Original Message-----
From: Ken Carlberg [mailto:carlberg@g11.org.uk]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2003 8:31 AM
To: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-ieprep-framework-06.txt


Barring objections from the group, I'd like to request that the chairs
announce a last call for this Telephony Framework draft.  I've purposely
delayed this request so that the requirements drafts could be advanced
up the standardization food chain.  With that process winding down, I'd
like to finish off the Framework draft.

Thanks,

-ken


_______________________________________________
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Ieprep@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Oct  8 14:28:26 2003
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From: "Nguyen, An" <nguyena@ncs.gov>
To: "'ieprep@ietf.org'" <ieprep@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Ieprep] IP Transport of WPS traffic
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Hi all,

I have the following issue I like to discuss with all of you.

Wireless Priority Service currently allows authorized users to obtain the
next available radio resources (access and egress) on a priority basis.
There are five levels defined by the FCC Regulation and Order as follows:

Level 1 - Executive Leadership and Policy Makers
Level 2 - Disaster Response/Military Command and Control
Level 3 - Public Health, Safety, and Law Enforcement Command
Level 4 - Public Service/Utilities and Public Welfare
Level 5 - Disaster Recovery

WPS does not require any preemption feature. It will not disrupt any
previously established calls and/or sessions. It allows WPS users wait in
the queue for radio access channels until the previous calls are completed
before they can make WPS calls .

WPS is now available on one of the GSM-based networks. It is not yet
available on any CDMA-based networks. 

Below is scenario where IP networks are involved in the WPS calls.


      -----------------               ---------------------------
----------------------
      -               -               -                         -
-                    -
      -               -               -                         -
-                    -
      -    WPS   -----------------      IP                -----------------
WPS          -
      -               -               -                         -
-   (GSM/        -
      - (GSM/     -               -                         -
-    CDMA)       -  
      -  CDMA)   -               -                         -               -
-
      -----------------               ---------------------------
-----------------------

Assumption: No congestion is in the IP backbone for now.  

Need: There is a need for WPS priority markers associated with WPS calls
originated in one wireless network to traverse  IP networks and get into
another wireless network. 

Requirement: It is required that IP network must have capability to carry
markers associated with WPS calls across its backbone network so that, for
the lack of better words,  WPS can have end-to-end priority.

Since the IEPREP WG is chartered to discuss requirements related to
emergency preparedness, I  would like to share this requirement with the
group. 

Regards,

An Nguyen




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From: "Nguyen, An" <nguyena@ncs.gov>
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Subject: [Ieprep] IP Transport of WPS traffic
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Sorry for the messed-up diagram in the previous email due to the limited
number of characters per line in the SMTP format! I am sending a fixed-up
one.

An


-----Original Message-----
From: Nguyen, An [mailto:nguyena@ncs.gov]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2003 2:27 PM
To: 'ieprep@ietf.org'
Subject: [Ieprep] IP Transport of WPS traffic


Hi all,

I have the following issue I like to discuss with all of you.

Wireless Priority Service currently allows authorized users to obtain the
next available radio resources (access and egress) on a priority basis.
There are five levels defined by the FCC Regulation and Order as follows:

Level 1 - Executive Leadership and Policy Makers
Level 2 - Disaster Response/Military Command and Control
Level 3 - Public Health, Safety, and Law Enforcement Command
Level 4 - Public Service/Utilities and Public Welfare
Level 5 - Disaster Recovery

WPS does not require any preemption feature. It will not disrupt any
previously established calls and/or sessions. It allows WPS users wait in
the queue for radio access channels until the previous calls are completed
before they can make WPS calls .

WPS is now available on one of the GSM-based networks. It is not yet
available on any CDMA-based networks. 

Below is scenario where IP networks are involved in the WPS calls.


--------------         --------------          ---------------
-            -         -            -          -             -
-            -         -            -          -             - 
-            -         -            -          -             -
-    WPS     -----------      IP    ------------   WPS       -
-   (GSM/    -         -            -          -   (GSM/     -
-   CDMA)    -         -            -          -    CDMA)    -              
-            -         -            -          -             -
--------------         --------------          ---------------

Assumption: No congestion is in the IP backbone for now.  

Need: There is a need for WPS priority markers associated with WPS calls
originated in one wireless network to traverse  IP networks and get into
another wireless network. 

Requirement: It is required that IP network must have capability to carry
markers associated with WPS calls across its backbone network so that, for
the lack of better words,  WPS can have end-to-end priority.

Since the IEPREP WG is chartered to discuss requirements related to
emergency preparedness, I  would like to share this requirement with the
group. 

Regards,

An Nguyen




_______________________________________________
Ieprep mailing list
Ieprep@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep



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To: "'Nguyen, An'" <nguyena@ncs.gov>, "'ieprep@ietf.org'"
	 <ieprep@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] IP Transport of WPS traffic
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An,

Thanks for the fixed diagram.

Are you considering the case of an IP backbone WITHIN a single
WPS-Supporting Wireless Service Provider, or are you considering the case of
an IP based long distance provider connecting two distinct WPS-Supporting
Wireless Service Providers?  Or both?  Your "need" seems to address the
second case, but I think the first case needs to be addressed too.

Are you assuming that the IP network is a "private" IP network, or are you
assuming it to be the "Big I" Internet?

There are similar needs for the "GETS to WPS" and "WPS to GETS" case, if
there is an IP network between the WPS-Supporting Wireless Service Provider
and the GETS-Supporting LEC or IXC.

Since you are assuming no congestion in the IP part, the focus is on getting
the relevant ISUP parameters ((CPC parameter = HPC) for GETS, and ((CPC
parameter = HPC) PLUS (Precedence parameter Precedence Level = 0 through 4,
(based on calling party's Service User Priority), and MLPP Service Domain =
NCS Wireless Priority Service-1 through NCS Wireless Priority Service-5
(again based on calling party's Service User Priority))) from the
originating  WPS-Supporting Wireless Service Provider to the terminating
WPS-Supporting Wireless Service Provider.

Thanks for bringing this up.

Janet
-----Original Message-----
From: Nguyen, An [mailto:nguyena@ncs.gov]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2003 2:52 PM
To: 'ieprep@ietf.org'
Subject: [Ieprep] IP Transport of WPS traffic


Sorry for the messed-up diagram in the previous email due to the limited
number of characters per line in the SMTP format! I am sending a fixed-up
one.

An


-----Original Message-----
From: Nguyen, An [mailto:nguyena@ncs.gov]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2003 2:27 PM
To: 'ieprep@ietf.org'
Subject: [Ieprep] IP Transport of WPS traffic


Hi all,

I have the following issue I like to discuss with all of you.

Wireless Priority Service currently allows authorized users to obtain the
next available radio resources (access and egress) on a priority basis.
There are five levels defined by the FCC Regulation and Order as follows:

Level 1 - Executive Leadership and Policy Makers
Level 2 - Disaster Response/Military Command and Control
Level 3 - Public Health, Safety, and Law Enforcement Command
Level 4 - Public Service/Utilities and Public Welfare
Level 5 - Disaster Recovery

WPS does not require any preemption feature. It will not disrupt any
previously established calls and/or sessions. It allows WPS users wait in
the queue for radio access channels until the previous calls are completed
before they can make WPS calls .

WPS is now available on one of the GSM-based networks. It is not yet
available on any CDMA-based networks. 

Below is scenario where IP networks are involved in the WPS calls.


--------------         --------------          ---------------
-            -         -            -          -             -
-            -         -            -          -             - 
-            -         -            -          -             -
-    WPS     -----------      IP    ------------   WPS       -
-   (GSM/    -         -            -          -   (GSM/     -
-   CDMA)    -         -            -          -    CDMA)    -              
-            -         -            -          -             -
--------------         --------------          ---------------

Assumption: No congestion is in the IP backbone for now.  

Need: There is a need for WPS priority markers associated with WPS calls
originated in one wireless network to traverse  IP networks and get into
another wireless network. 

Requirement: It is required that IP network must have capability to carry
markers associated with WPS calls across its backbone network so that, for
the lack of better words,  WPS can have end-to-end priority.

Since the IEPREP WG is chartered to discuss requirements related to
emergency preparedness, I  would like to share this requirement with the
group. 

Regards,

An Nguyen




_______________________________________________
Ieprep mailing list
Ieprep@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep



_______________________________________________
Ieprep mailing list
Ieprep@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ieprep

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Oct  8 18:54:29 2003
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> Substance
> 1.2 third para
> I have always understood that jitter was more important than delay for VoIP,
> but you do not mention it.

I'm not sure that jitter per se is a big issue - the distribution of 
delay is - most of the packets need to get to the other end within 
a reasonable limit - that can be because the basic delay is near the
limit and there is no jitter or the basic latency is less and the jitter
brings the delay to thye limit.

Scott

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Right...

Jitter is important in that the size of the jitter buffer adds to the
overall mouth-to-ear delay and that an accurate jitter buffer size
selection is critical. If the jitter buffer size is smaller than the
delay variation on the network, voice traffic will necessarily be
dropped. If the jitter buffer is appropriately sized, the only impact
jitter should have is the delay that the buffer adds.

Whether or not a voice application can sustain a higher drop rate is
fairly dependent on the codec that is used. For instance, a G-711 codec
is more resilient to loss than a G-729 codec. The drop rate of a cloud
has a direct impact on the quality of the voice traffic. For instance,
we have lab tests that show with certain codecs that the estimated MOS
score drops by 1 for every 5% increase in loss.

Drop rates in elastic applications are typically more tolerant of drop
due somewhat to the protocols that are used. For instance, TCP has a
built in mechanism to retransmit lost packets, where UDP does not. Email
and web browsing would therefore be much more resilient to loss in that
a session with loss is easier to maintain with TCP than UDP. Would it
take forever to get email and see a web page with high loss? Yes, but
you would see it eventually. With VoIP, you may be able to maintain some
type of conversation, but the quality could be so bad that there
wouldn't be any point.

Andy

-----Original Message-----
From: ieprep-admin@ietf.org [mailto:ieprep-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Scott Bradner
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2003 3:54 PM
To: carlberg@g11.org.uk; ieprep@ietf.org; Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-ieprep-framework-06.txt

> Substance
> 1.2 third para
> I have always understood that jitter was more important than delay for
VoIP,
> but you do not mention it.

I'm not sure that jitter per se is a big issue - the distribution of 
delay is - most of the packets need to get to the other end within 
a reasonable limit - that can be because the basic delay is near the
limit and there is no jitter or the basic latency is less and the jitter
brings the delay to thye limit.

Scott

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From: "Dvorak, Charles A (Chuck)" <cdvorak@att.com>
To: "Andrew Thiessen" <andrew@its.bldrdoc.gov>,
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Are you talking about random loss or bursty loss? (The former is a =
curiosity but only the latter is realistic)

-----Original Message-----
From: Andrew Thiessen [mailto:andrew@its.bldrdoc.gov]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2003 7:24 PM
To: 'Scott Bradner'; carlberg@g11.org.uk; ieprep@ietf.org;
Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-ieprep-framework-06.txt


Right...

Jitter is important in that the size of the jitter buffer adds to the
overall mouth-to-ear delay and that an accurate jitter buffer size
selection is critical. If the jitter buffer size is smaller than the
delay variation on the network, voice traffic will necessarily be
dropped. If the jitter buffer is appropriately sized, the only impact
jitter should have is the delay that the buffer adds.

Whether or not a voice application can sustain a higher drop rate is
fairly dependent on the codec that is used. For instance, a G-711 codec
is more resilient to loss than a G-729 codec. The drop rate of a cloud
has a direct impact on the quality of the voice traffic. For instance,
we have lab tests that show with certain codecs that the estimated MOS
score drops by 1 for every 5% increase in loss.

Drop rates in elastic applications are typically more tolerant of drop
due somewhat to the protocols that are used. For instance, TCP has a
built in mechanism to retransmit lost packets, where UDP does not. Email
and web browsing would therefore be much more resilient to loss in that
a session with loss is easier to maintain with TCP than UDP. Would it
take forever to get email and see a web page with high loss? Yes, but
you would see it eventually. With VoIP, you may be able to maintain some
type of conversation, but the quality could be so bad that there
wouldn't be any point.

Andy

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From: "Susana Sabater (ML/EEM)" <susana.sabater@ericsson.com>
To: "'Nguyen, An'" <nguyena@ncs.gov>
Cc: "'ieprep@ietf.org'" <ieprep@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] IP Transport of WPS traffic
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An,=20

You are mentioning WPS, is this requirement formulated just for =
networks operating in US?

Cheers,
/Susana

-----Original Message-----
From: Gunn, Janet [mailto:Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com]
Sent: mi=E9rcoles, 08 de octubre de 2003 21:17
To: 'Nguyen, An'; 'ieprep@ietf.org'
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] IP Transport of WPS traffic


An,

Thanks for the fixed diagram.

Are you considering the case of an IP backbone WITHIN a single
WPS-Supporting Wireless Service Provider, or are you considering the =
case of
an IP based long distance provider connecting two distinct =
WPS-Supporting
Wireless Service Providers?  Or both?  Your "need" seems to address the
second case, but I think the first case needs to be addressed too.

Are you assuming that the IP network is a "private" IP network, or are =
you
assuming it to be the "Big I" Internet?

There are similar needs for the "GETS to WPS" and "WPS to GETS" case, =
if
there is an IP network between the WPS-Supporting Wireless Service =
Provider
and the GETS-Supporting LEC or IXC.

Since you are assuming no congestion in the IP part, the focus is on =
getting
the relevant ISUP parameters ((CPC parameter =3D HPC) for GETS, and =
((CPC
parameter =3D HPC) PLUS (Precedence parameter Precedence Level =3D 0 =
through 4,
(based on calling party's Service User Priority), and MLPP Service =
Domain =3D
NCS Wireless Priority Service-1 through NCS Wireless Priority Service-5
(again based on calling party's Service User Priority))) from the
originating  WPS-Supporting Wireless Service Provider to the =
terminating
WPS-Supporting Wireless Service Provider.

Thanks for bringing this up.

Janet
-----Original Message-----
From: Nguyen, An [mailto:nguyena@ncs.gov]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2003 2:52 PM
To: 'ieprep@ietf.org'
Subject: [Ieprep] IP Transport of WPS traffic


Sorry for the messed-up diagram in the previous email due to the =
limited
number of characters per line in the SMTP format! I am sending a =
fixed-up
one.

An


-----Original Message-----
From: Nguyen, An [mailto:nguyena@ncs.gov]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2003 2:27 PM
To: 'ieprep@ietf.org'
Subject: [Ieprep] IP Transport of WPS traffic


Hi all,

I have the following issue I like to discuss with all of you.

Wireless Priority Service currently allows authorized users to obtain =
the
next available radio resources (access and egress) on a priority basis.
There are five levels defined by the FCC Regulation and Order as =
follows:

Level 1 - Executive Leadership and Policy Makers
Level 2 - Disaster Response/Military Command and Control
Level 3 - Public Health, Safety, and Law Enforcement Command
Level 4 - Public Service/Utilities and Public Welfare
Level 5 - Disaster Recovery

WPS does not require any preemption feature. It will not disrupt any
previously established calls and/or sessions. It allows WPS users wait =
in
the queue for radio access channels until the previous calls are =
completed
before they can make WPS calls .

WPS is now available on one of the GSM-based networks. It is not yet
available on any CDMA-based networks.=20

Below is scenario where IP networks are involved in the WPS calls.


--------------         --------------          ---------------
-            -         -            -          -             -
-            -         -            -          -             -=20
-            -         -            -          -             -
-    WPS     -----------      IP    ------------   WPS       -
-   (GSM/    -         -            -          -   (GSM/     -
-   CDMA)    -         -            -          -    CDMA)    -          =
   =20
-            -         -            -          -             -
--------------         --------------          ---------------

Assumption: No congestion is in the IP backbone for now.  

Need: There is a need for WPS priority markers associated with WPS =
calls
originated in one wireless network to traverse  IP networks and get =
into
another wireless network.=20

Requirement: It is required that IP network must have capability to =
carry
markers associated with WPS calls across its backbone network so that, =
for
the lack of better words,  WPS can have end-to-end priority.

Since the IEPREP WG is chartered to discuss requirements related to
emergency preparedness, I  would like to share this requirement with =
the
group.=20

Regards,

An Nguyen




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> Substance
> 1.2 third para
> I have always understood that jitter was more important than delay for
> VoIP, but you do not mention it.

The section you refer to focuses on published material relating to VoIP,
neither of which focuses on jitter.  So its not so much a case of my
choosing to not discuss jitter, but that those papers did not.  If there
is a paper with some stats that makes an argument for what you state
above, please send it to me and I'll fold it in the section.

In the meantime, I can add a comment later on in the diff-serv section
that mentions the use of EF as a mechanism for addressing jitter.

> 1.2 fourth para
> This is stated as the opposite of what I have always understood.  I
have
> always seen it that VoIP applications can tolerate a higher drop rate,
and
> even a moderate delay, as long as jitter is very small.  Conversely
> elastic
> applications such as email and web browsing can tolerate high jitter
and
> delay, but need a low drop rate (because in email and web browsing the
> dropped packets need to be retransmitted, but in VoIP, if they are
dropped
> you forget about them).  Even a drop rate of "5%" is considered a very
> high drop rate in a (data) world where the starting point for drop
rates
> is 10 to the minus 6.

Again, if there is a paper/publication that you can cite, that would be
very helpful.  

Many times there are caveats to each position taken.  The use of FEC,
transcoding (see the NRL work that Ran mentioned awhile back),
interleaving (purposely placing packets out of order), etc., can improve
the perceived quality of a VoIP flow.  The lack of additional mechanisms
or functions in those citations is probably an obvious thing that I
should state in that section.

As for elastic applications, there are two things to focus on:
congestion collapse and buffer overflow.  I've seen stats of TCP flows
operating (barely) at sustained loss rates of ~40%.  Buffer overflow is
application specific and can cause connections to break at even modest
levels of loss (ie, before congestion collapse).  But to be fair, if I
can't find suitable published stats, I will alter/remove the 4'th
paragraph.

> 4.4
> first para
> 
> The statement that "the user authenticates himself... using a PIN" is
true
> for GETS but not for WPS, nor for line authentication, nor for other
> related
> programs, and therefore not for "PSTN" in general.  If you said "the
user
> authenticates himself as usual to the network" it would be a valid
> statement.

Ok, I'll remove the word "PIN".

> Editorial
> 
> Section 1
> First para
> " Best effort ...infers..." should be "Best effort ... implies ..."
> ("infers" = "deduces")

ok

> Third para
> Do you mean "stub domain" or "single domain"? The statement would seem
to
> also apply to a single domain "bridging" scenario.

I meant stub domains.  I'm not exactly sure what you mean by a 'single
domain "bridging" scenario'.  What is being bridged?

> 1.2
> first para
> It would be clearer if you said "... though not necessarily Voice over
IP
> which is not IP telephony" , instead of just "... though not
necessarily
> Voice over IP

I'll clarify the sentence

> Section 3
> Last line
> Should be "violate", not "violet".

Ok
 
> Section 4.1.5
> MEGACO (RFC 3015) has been "obsoleted" by Gateway Control Protocol
Version
> 1
> (RFC 3525)  The statement that priority 0 is the lowest and priority
15 is
> the highest is in 3525 but not in 3015.

ok

> 4.4 last para
> says "IEPS" rather than "ETS".  Is this intentional?

I'll switch it to ETS

> 4.5 last para
> "meetings" should be "meeting"

ok

> Section 5, text after figure 1
> Do you mean "Grade of Service" (= blocking probability based on
Erlang's
> formulae) or "Quality of Service" (= jitter, delay, drop rate)?

Should be QoS

-ken


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> So what
> you really want to say is that, say, "95% of the packets must have a delay
> of less than 300 milliseconds", recognizing that 5% of the packets may get
> dropped if the buffer mechanism at the receiver imposes a consistent 300
> millisecond delay.

that is just the right idea

Scott

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To clarify what I mean.

If you have a long, but consistent delay (say of the order of .5 seconds
(500 milliseconds) in an intercontinental satellite call) it is very
irritating from a conversation point of view- figuring out when it is "your
turn to talk", and avoiding talking over each other.  But the speech quality
is perfectly intelligible.

But if you have a highly variable delay, ranging from, say, 100 milliseconds
to 500 milliseconds, with an average delay of  300 milliseconds, you have a
high probability of "gaps" in the middle of words, even if there is no
packet loss.  You can, of course, buffer all the packets to the equivalent
of 500 milliseconds delay, in which case the speech is intelligible, but
then you gain no advantage from the fact that the average delay is 300
milliseconds instead of 500 milliseconds.

You could thus say that what is important is the "maximum delay" (rather
than the combination of "average delay" and "jitter").  But in the real
world, there is no such thing as an upper bound on delay (except as it is
enforced by dropping "late" packets), but there is a distribution.  So what
you really want to say is that, say, "95% of the packets must have a delay
of less than 300 milliseconds", recognizing that 5% of the packets may get
dropped if the buffer mechanism at the receiver imposes a consistent 300
millisecond delay.

This is what I mean by "jitter is important".  I would be equally satisfied
by saying "distribution of delay" is important,  But neither "average delay"
nor "maximum delay", by themselves, are sufficient criteria. 

-----Original Message-----
From: Scott Bradner [mailto:sob@harvard.edu]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2003 6:54 PM
To: carlberg@g11.org.uk; ieprep@ietf.org; Gunn, Janet
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-ieprep-framework-06.txt


> Substance
> 1.2 third para
> I have always understood that jitter was more important than delay for
VoIP,
> but you do not mention it.

I'm not sure that jitter per se is a big issue - the distribution of 
delay is - most of the packets need to get to the other end within 
a reasonable limit - that can be because the basic delay is near the
limit and there is no jitter or the basic latency is less and the jitter
brings the delay to thye limit.

Scott

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Drop rates.

It all depends on where you are looking.

I agree that from an end-user or end-application perspective, you can say
that VoIP needs a lower drop rate than say email or web access (using TCP).
The dropped VoIP packets are gone forever, but the dropped TCP packets will
be retransmitted, and will get there "eventually".

But from a network congestion perspective, the "ranking" is reversed.  The
dropped VoIP packets  are gone and do not contribute to additional
congestion.  The retransmitted TCP packets add to the traffic volume, and
make the congestion worse.  From a simplified perspective, you could say
that a 5% drop rate for TCP packets results is at least (because you have to
"compound" that 5% on each retransmission) 5% additional TCP traffic offered
to the network.  Not something that is desirable in an already congested
network.  

I think my concerns can be addressed by minor rewording, or a parenthetical
comment. 

Janet 

-----Original Message-----
From: Andrew Thiessen [mailto:andrew@its.bldrdoc.gov]
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2003 7:24 PM
To: 'Scott Bradner'; carlberg@g11.org.uk; ieprep@ietf.org; Gunn, Janet
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-ieprep-framework-06.txt


Right...

Jitter is important in that the size of the jitter buffer adds to the
overall mouth-to-ear delay and that an accurate jitter buffer size
selection is critical. If the jitter buffer size is smaller than the
delay variation on the network, voice traffic will necessarily be
dropped. If the jitter buffer is appropriately sized, the only impact
jitter should have is the delay that the buffer adds.

Whether or not a voice application can sustain a higher drop rate is
fairly dependent on the codec that is used. For instance, a G-711 codec
is more resilient to loss than a G-729 codec. The drop rate of a cloud
has a direct impact on the quality of the voice traffic. For instance,
we have lab tests that show with certain codecs that the estimated MOS
score drops by 1 for every 5% increase in loss.

Drop rates in elastic applications are typically more tolerant of drop
due somewhat to the protocols that are used. For instance, TCP has a
built in mechanism to retransmit lost packets, where UDP does not. Email
and web browsing would therefore be much more resilient to loss in that
a session with loss is easier to maintain with TCP than UDP. Would it
take forever to get email and see a web page with high loss? Yes, but
you would see it eventually. With VoIP, you may be able to maintain some
type of conversation, but the quality could be so bad that there
wouldn't be any point.

Andy

-----Original Message-----
From: ieprep-admin@ietf.org [mailto:ieprep-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Scott Bradner
Sent: Wednesday, October 08, 2003 3:54 PM
To: carlberg@g11.org.uk; ieprep@ietf.org; Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-ieprep-framework-06.txt

> Substance
> 1.2 third para
> I have always understood that jitter was more important than delay for
VoIP,
> but you do not mention it.

I'm not sure that jitter per se is a big issue - the distribution of 
delay is - most of the packets need to get to the other end within 
a reasonable limit - that can be because the basic delay is near the
limit and there is no jitter or the basic latency is less and the jitter
brings the delay to thye limit.

Scott

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From: "Gunn, Janet" <Janet.Gunn@DynCorp.com>
To: "'Ken Carlberg'" <carlberg@g11.org.uk>
Cc: ieprep@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ieprep] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-ieprep-framework-06.txt
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2003 11:58:45 -0400 
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"Bridging" as in James's topology paper.  Where the "call" originates and
terminates in the CSN, but passes through a single IP domain in between.  SO
not a "stub" because it is neither source nor destination.  But possessing
the other "single domain" characteristics.
 
-----Original Message-----
From: Ken Carlberg [mailto:carlberg@g11.org.uk]


> 4.4


> Third para
> Do you mean "stub domain" or "single domain"? The statement would seem
to
> also apply to a single domain "bridging" scenario.

I meant stub domains.  I'm not exactly sure what you mean by a 'single
domain "bridging" scenario'.  What is being bridged?

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Subject: Re: [Ieprep] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-ieprep-framework-06.txt
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--part1_112.29956451.2cb70311_boundary
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
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In a message dated 10/8/2003 6:54:38 PM Eastern Standard Time, 
sob@harvard.edu writes:


> I'm not sure that jitter per se is a big issue - the distribution of 
> delay is - most of the packets need to get to the other end within 
> a reasonable limit - that can be because the basic delay is near the
> limit and there is no jitter or the basic latency is less and the jitter
> brings the delay to thye limit.
> 

Problem seems partly to be "What is your definition of jitter?" I believe 
jitter is the same as "the distribution of delay".

In any case, "jitter" (or packet delay variation, as I'd rather call it, as 
ITU-T SG13 does) is an important issue. Delay is an important isses. Packet 
loss is an important issue. It's kind of hard to say that one is "more important" 
than the other.

Mike


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Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII"
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<HTML><FONT FACE=3Darial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=3D2>In a message dated 10/8/2=
003 6:54:38 PM Eastern Standard Time, sob@harvard.edu writes:
<BR>
<BR>
<BR><BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=3DCITE style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-=
LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">I'm not sure that jitter pe=
r se is a big issue - the distribution of=20
<BR>delay is - most of the packets need to get to the other end within=20
<BR>a reasonable limit - that can be because the basic delay is near the
<BR>limit and there is no jitter or the basic latency is less and the jitter
<BR>brings the delay to thye limit.
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR=3D"#000000" SIZE=3D3 FAMILY=3D"SANSSERIF" FACE=3D"Ar=
ial" LANG=3D"0"></BLOCKQUOTE>
<BR></FONT><FONT  COLOR=3D"#000000" SIZE=3D2 FAMILY=3D"SANSSERIF" FACE=3D"Ar=
ial" LANG=3D"0">
<BR>Problem seems partly to be "What is your definition of jitter?" I believ=
e jitter is the same as "the distribution of delay".
<BR>
<BR>In any case, "jitter" (or packet delay variation, as I'd rather call it,=
 as ITU-T SG13 does) is an important issue. Delay is an important isses. Pac=
ket loss is an important issue. It's kind of hard to say that one is "more i=
mportant" than the other.
<BR>
<BR>Mike
<BR></FONT></HTML>

--part1_112.29956451.2cb70311_boundary--

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From: "King, Kimberly  S." <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
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Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2003 14:51:41 -0400
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There has been insufficient progress on chartered 
topics since the last IEPREP meeting to justify 
one in Minneapolis.


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At least one ISP is talking about continuous service to 
"route around congestion, failures and scheduled maintenance using real-
time traffic data instead of estimations that often proved inaccurate"
http://www.nwfusion.com/news/2003/1013att.html?net


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Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2003 21:51:33 -0400 (EDT)
From: Sean Donelan <sean@donelan.com>
To: "King, Kimberly  S." <KIMBERLY.S.KING@saic.com>
cc: "Ieprep (E-mail)" <ieprep@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ieprep] new tools for congestion?
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On Mon, 13 Oct 2003, King, Kimberly  S. wrote:
> At least one ISP is talking about continuous service to
> "route around congestion, failures and scheduled maintenance using real-
> time traffic data instead of estimations that often proved inaccurate"
> http://www.nwfusion.com/news/2003/1013att.html?net

Actually this isn't done in real-time.  AT&T is using it as a traffic
forcasting model.  It collects the data once a day, and used for
various modeling simulations.  For example, verifying they still have
redundancy on certain links or enough capacity in case something fails.

AT&T has done some nice work, but it is evolutionary not revolutionary.
Other providers have their own homegrown systems or use something like
WANDL.


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Subject: RE: [Ieprep] new tools for congestion?
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> Actually this isn't done in real-time.  AT&T is using it as a traffic
> forcasting model.  It collects the data once a day, and used for
> various modeling simulations.  For example, verifying they still have
> redundancy on certain links or enough capacity in case something =
fails.
=20
The cited nwfusion article talks about applying *tomography* for traffic
matrix estimation (sprint labs has similar work, but using choice =
models.)
While it is not real-time, it is not just used for dimensioning purpose; =

but also load balancing, fail-over(but at a larger time scale) and even=20
automated routing protocol configuration.
=20
btw, AT&T and sprintlabs TM estimation techniques are published in=20
SIGCOMM 03 and SIGCOMM 02 respectively. I don't know how much it is used
in practice.

> AT&T has done some nice work, but it is evolutionary not =
revolutionary.
> Other providers have their own homegrown systems or use something like
> WANDL.
=20
I may be wrong. But, products like WANDL and Netdoctor support automated =

configuration (to avoide manual errors) and serve as visualization tool
(but, it is a generic tool.) For example, given a set of OSPF weights +=20
traffic demands, it can visualize the network in a graph form. In =
certain=20
cases, it helps run a simulation to aid in the capacity forcasting =
process.=20
So, it replaces some manual work. But, AT&T/sprintlabs work is to apply=20
heuristics to provide a solution for a specific task( TE estimation, =
weight=20
optimization etc.) So, their is a difference between =
"helping-to-understand-
the-problem" and "solving-the-problem."
=20
=20

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From: The IESG <iesg-secretary@ietf.org>
To: IETF-Announce:;
Cc: Internet Architecture Board <iab@iab.org>,
        RFC Editor <rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org>, <ieprep@ietf.org>
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Date: Fri, 24 Oct 2003 15:45:56 -0400
Subject: [Ieprep] Document Action: 'General Requirements for Emergency
 Telecommunication Service' to Informational RFC
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The IESG has approved following document:

- 'General Requirements for Emergency Telecommunication Service '
   <draft-ietf-ieprep-ets-general-04.txt> as an Informational RFC

This document is the product of the Internet Emergency Preparedness Working 
Group. 

The IESG contact persons are Jon Peterson and Allison Mankin.




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