From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  1 00:25:30 2001
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From: Nick Amato <naamato@nexthop.com>
To: Naiming Shen <naiming@redback.com>
Cc: Nick Amato <naamato@nexthop.com>, isis-wg@spider.juniper.net,
        prz@redback.com
Subject: Re: [isis-wg] comment on hmac-03
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Date: Wed, 1 Aug 2001 00:24:07 -0400


On Tue, Jul 31, 2001 at 08:50:02PM -0700, Naiming Shen wrote:
>  ]
>  ]At time X, both A and B switches auth key from key1 into key2, and A's
>  ]ISIS process restarted. A and B then re-establish the adjacency with
>  ]the key2, they can also exchange the SNPs using the key2, there is no
>  ]problem of that. A now has a LSP starts from seq# of 1. when A sends
>  ]this LSP to B, B rejects this, and send the A's old LSP back to A(with
>  ]the key1). If B does not have multiple-key implemented or B timedout
> 
> typo here       ^ (should be A)                             ^ ( A also )
> 
>  ]the key1 too soon, then the old LSP with key1 is rejected because of
>  ]failing authentication. B will not get A's new LSP until this old LSP
>  ]of A timed out.
> 

I agree with this example (LSPs use the authentication of the originator
rather than the transmitter of the LSP PDU).

Section 2.1 should probably indicate, like your example, the problem
exists if the router does not implement multiple keys or the old
key is timed out too quickly or forgotten rather than after the
router restarts, just for clarity.  The router may remember its old
key if the configuration was in non-volatile storage. :)

Nick
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  1 01:35:15 2001
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To: Nick Amato <naamato@nexthop.com>
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Subject: Re: [isis-wg] comment on hmac-03 
In-reply-to: Mail from Nick Amato <naamato@nexthop.com> 
 dated Wed, 01 Aug 2001 00:24:07 EDT
 <20010801002407.B25225@wooj.nexthop.com> 
From: Naiming Shen <naiming@redback.com>
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Date: Tue, 31 Jul 2001 22:33:38 -0700

 ]
 ]I agree with this example (LSPs use the authentication of the originator
 ]rather than the transmitter of the LSP PDU).
 ]
 ]Section 2.1 should probably indicate, like your example, the problem
 ]exists if the router does not implement multiple keys or the old
 ]key is timed out too quickly or forgotten rather than after the
 ]router restarts, just for clarity. 

Agreed. It would be nice to spell it out. Anyway, it should be taken
care of at the protocol implementation level. Use one key or multiple keys,
how long to keep the keys, those are configuration issues.

 ]The router may remember its old
 ]key if the configuration was in non-volatile storage. :)

I said "ISIS process restarted", not router restarted, so nvram is
not needed here:-)

thanks.

 ]
 ]Nick

- Naiming
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Date: Wed, 1 Aug 2001 12:32:43 +0530

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hi list,
I have encountered a peculiar behaviour in Cisco-2600 series router. 
When i enable authentication at domain level or area level, the LSPs
generated have authentication information in them .
However the CSNP packets and PSNP packets generated by CISCO do not have
this authentication information. This is causing authentication failure.
Due to which the routes are not learnt by cisco router and test router.
However even if one CSNP packet is allowed to be processed by the test
router then the routes are exchanged and installed in both Cisco's and the
test router's main routing table.

My question is should there be authentication information in CSNP as well as
PSNP packets when i have enabled authentication at the domain or the Area
level?
please reply as soon as possible
thanks and regards

amrendras sharma
( Future software ltd,
  Chennai, 
  India)   





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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  1 05:03:07 2001
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Thread-Topic: hmac-md5 interoperability in ISIS
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From: "Omer Sali" <omer@cwnt.com>
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Subject: [Isis-wg] hmac-md5 interoperability in ISIS
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Date: Wed, 1 Aug 2001 12:01:34 +0300
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Hi,

RFC 2104 (HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication) says :
  "The key for HMAC can be of any length (keys longer than B bytes are
   first hashed using H).  However, less than L bytes is strongly
   discouraged as it would decrease the security strength of the
   function."
Note that L is 16 for MD5. 

My questions are:
1) Is there a common padding of passwords less than 16 bytes to be used
by all ISIS implementors?
   Avoiding to use a common padding clearly prevents interoperability
between vendors.
2) Do all vendors use the same procedure for authenticating the PDUs?
Are there any known implementations not using the procedure as described
in draft-ietf-isis-hmac-03?

Thanks,
Omer
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  1 08:50:08 2001
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To: <amrendras@future.futsoft.com>
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Date: Wed, 01 Aug 2001 14:46:43 +0200

At 09:02 01/08/2001, andy wrote:
>hi list,
>I have encountered a peculiar behaviour in Cisco-2600 series router.
>When i enable authentication at domain level or area level, the LSPs
>generated have authentication information in them .
>However the CSNP packets and PSNP packets generated by CISCO do not have
>this authentication information. This is causing authentication failure.
>Due to which the routes are not learnt by cisco router and test router.
>However even if one CSNP packet is allowed to be processed by the test
>router then the routes are exchanged and installed in both Cisco's and the
>test router's main routing table.
>
>My question is should there be authentication information in CSNP as well as
>PSNP packets when i have enabled authentication at the domain or the Area
>level?

it's a cisco specific issue...not ietf one...
I'll take it offline.

s.


>please reply as soon as possible
>thanks and regards
>
>amrendras sharma
>( Future software ltd,
>   Chennai,
>   India)
>
>
>
>

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  1 10:13:35 2001
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Date: Wed, 1 Aug 2001 10:10:24 -0400


> I have encountered a peculiar behaviour in (Company C) series router. 
> When i enable authentication at domain level or area level, the LSPs  
> generated have authentication information in them .

To quote Claude Raines: 

	"I'm shocked: shocked to hear that there is a missmatch 
	 between specifications and implementations."  

Since the behavior by company C is long standing and well
know, you may find there is a setting in vendor T's
equipment that will cut a bit of slack to routers from
company C.  

There may not be such a setting yet, but any test which
flunks the majority of boxes deployed may need to be
modified to include a "reality" setting.  

- jeff parker
- axiowave networks
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  1 12:13:16 2001
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From: Darrin Walton <darrinw@nixc.net>
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Date: Wed, 1 Aug 2001 16:11:36 +0000

On Wed, Aug 01, 2001 at 12:32:43PM +0530, andy wrote:
  |+ hi list,
  |+ I have encountered a peculiar behaviour in Cisco-2600 series router. 
  |+ When i enable authentication at domain level or area level, the LSPs
  |+ generated have authentication information in them .
  |+ However the CSNP packets and PSNP packets generated by CISCO do not have
  |+ this authentication information. This is causing authentication failure.

I thought the RFC stated this was optional, not mandatory.  Cisco's 
webpage however does say the PSNP packets should have authentication.

I ran into this awhile ago, and Cisco has said they have fixed this issue,
as it was causing us other problems.

I'm not sure what the other router vendor you're using, but what you
could do is disable the domain or area authentication, and enable
hello-authentication on each interface.

-- 
darrin walton, darrinw@nixc.net

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  1 13:53:56 2001
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To: Darrin Walton <darrinw@nixc.net>
From: stefano previdi <sprevidi@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] query
Cc: andy <amrendras@future.futsoft.com>, isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
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Date: Wed, 01 Aug 2001 19:50:10 +0200

At 18:11 01/08/2001, Darrin Walton wrote:
>On Wed, Aug 01, 2001 at 12:32:43PM +0530, andy wrote:
>   |+ hi list,
>   |+ I have encountered a peculiar behaviour in Cisco-2600 series router.
>   |+ When i enable authentication at domain level or area level, the LSPs
>   |+ generated have authentication information in them .
>   |+ However the CSNP packets and PSNP packets generated by CISCO do not have
>   |+ this authentication information. This is causing authentication failure.
>
>I thought the RFC stated this was optional, not mandatory.  Cisco's
>webpage however does say the PSNP packets should have authentication.
>
>I ran into this awhile ago, and Cisco has said they have fixed this issue,
>as it was causing us other problems.
>
>I'm not sure what the other router vendor you're using, but what you
>could do is disable the domain or area authentication, and enable
>hello-authentication on each interface.

I replied offline to this problem but since other people seems to
be interested...yes, the problem has been fixed. Get in touch with
me for details.

s.

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  1 16:03:52 2001
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Date: Wed, 01 Aug 2001 12:44:12 -0700
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stefano previdi wrote:

> >I'm not sure what the other router vendor you're using, but what you
> >could do is disable the domain or area authentication, and enable
> >hello-authentication on each interface.
>
> I replied offline to this problem but since other people seems to
> be interested...yes, the problem has been fixed. Get in touch with
> me for details.
>

Stefano, thanks for clearing it up.  Original reaction has been correct,
this is not the  forum to wash dirty laundries or praise specific
implementations unless it affects the protocol specs ...

    thanks

    -- tony



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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  1 20:38:40 2001
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Date: Wed, 01 Aug 2001 17:19:15 -0700
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10min        Administrativa
            x draft status
            x new RFCs

15min        draft-hermelin-ext-lsp-frags        Amir
15min        draft-ietf-isis-transient           Danny
20min        draft-shand-isis-restart            Mike
20min        draft-ietf-isis-wg-multi-topology   Naiming
15min        draft-ietf-isis-auth-anti-replay    Alex
5min         draft-ietf-isis-wg-tlv-codepoints   Tony P.

Any other open issues to be discussed at the end after
this agenda

        thanks

        -- tony



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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  1 20:42:22 2001
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From: Nick Amato <naamato@nexthop.com>
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Subject: [Isis-wg] minor conflict between cksum and hmac
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Date: Wed, 1 Aug 2001 20:40:19 -0400

Just a minor thing:  draft-ietf-isis-wg-snp-checksum-02.txt states
that an implementation MUST either omit the optional checksum or
set it to zero when also including, for example, an MD5 signature
in an SN PDU.

The hmac draft states that the implementation MUST "not include"
the checksum TLV.

Either will work.  The latter is a bit ambiguous;  it would be nice
to make them consistent.

Nick
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the IS-IS for IP Internets Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Reserved TLV Codepoints in ISIS
	Author(s)	: T. Przygienda
	Filename	: draft-ietf-isis-wg-tlv-codepoints-00.txt
	Pages		: 
	Date		: 23-Jul-01
	
This draft describes implementation codepoints within
IS-IS [ISO90 , Cal90a , Cal90b ] used today by several ISPs for
routing within their clouds.  IS-IS is an interior gateway routing
protocol developed originally by OSI and used with IP extensions as
IGP. This draft summarizes all TLV codepoints that are being used by
the protocol and its pending extensions.

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http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-isis-wg-tlv-codepoints-00.txt

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the IS-IS for IP Internets Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Reserved TLV Codepoints in ISIS
	Author(s)	: T. Przygienda
	Filename	: draft-ietf-isis-wg-tlv-codepoints-00.txt
	Pages		: 
	Date		: 23-Jul-01
	
This draft describes implementation codepoints within
IS-IS [ISO90 , Cal90a , Cal90b ] used today by several ISPs for
routing within their clouds.  IS-IS is an interior gateway routing
protocol developed originally by OSI and used with IP extensions as
IGP. This draft summarizes all TLV codepoints that are being used by
the protocol and its pending extensions.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-isis-wg-tlv-codepoints-00.txt

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug  3 05:57:14 2001
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        Alex Zinin <azinin@nexsi.com>, stefano previdi <sprevidi@cisco.com>
In-reply-to: Mail from Alex Zinin <azinin@nexsi.com> 
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 <12140487778.20010728025154@nexsi.com> 
From: Naiming Shen <naiming@redback.com>
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Subject: [Isis-wg] new version of draft-shen-isis-ospf-p2p-over-lan-01.txt
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Date: Fri, 03 Aug 2001 02:56:49 -0700


Here is a newer version of p2p-over-lan draft, missed ietf submission,
the text has not been formatted correctly. Please review and comment.

thanks.
- Naiming


Network Working Group                                       Naiming Shen
Internet Draft                                               Acee Lindem
Expiration Date: February 2001                                Jenny Yuan
File name: draft-shen-isis-ospf-p2p-over-lan-01.txt     Redback Networks
                                                              Alex Zinin 
                                                           Nexsi Systems
                                                              Russ White
                                                         Stefano Previdi
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                             August 2001



                  Point-to-point operation over LAN
                   in link-state routing protocols

               draft-shen-isis-ospf-p2p-over-lan-01.txt



Status of this Memo


   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
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Abstract

   The two predominant circuit types used by link state routing
   protocols are point-to-point and broadcast. It is important to 
   identify the correct circuit type when forming adjacencies, 
   flooding link state database packets, and representing the circuit
   topologically. This document describes a simple mechanism to treat
   the broadcast network as a point-to-point connection from the 
   standpoint of IP routing.



Shen, Zinin, et al       Expires February 2001                  [Page 1]


INTERNET DRAFT             P2P OVER LAN                      August 2001


1. Introduction

   Point-to-point and broadcast are the two predominant circuit
   types used by link state routing protocols such as IS-IS [ref1]
   [ref2] and OSPF [ref3]. They are treated differently with respect
   to establishing neighbor adjacencies, flooding of link-state information,
   representation of the topology, SPF calculation and protocol
   packets.  The most important differences are that broadcast circuits
   utilize the concept of a designated router and are represented
   topologically as virtual nodes in the network topology graph. 

   Compared with broadcast circuits, point-to-point circuits
   afford more straightforward IGP operation. There is no designated 
   router involved and there is no representation of the pseudo-node
   or network LSA in the link state database. For ISIS, there also is no
   periodic database synchronization. Conversely, if there are more
   than two routers on the LAN media, the traditional view of the
   broadcast circuit will reduce the routing information in the network.

   When there are only two routers on the LAN, it makes more sense to
   treat the connection between the two routers as a point-to-point
   circuit. This document describes the mechanism to allow link state
   routing protocols to operate using point-to-point connections over
   a LAN under this condition. Some implications related to forwarding
   IP packets on this type of circuit are also discussed. We will refer
   to this as a p2p-over-lan circuit in this document.


2. Motivation

   Even though a broadcast circuit is meant to handle more than two
   devices, there are cases where only two routers are connected
   over either the physical or logical LAN segment:

      1.  The media itself is being used for point-to-point
          operation between two routers.  This is mainly for
          long-haul operation.
      2.  There are only two routers on the physical LAN.
      3.  There are only two routers on a virtual LAN (vLAN).

   In any of the above cases, the link state routing protocols will
   normally still treat the media as a broadcast circuit. Hence, they 
   will have the overhead involved with protocol LAN operation without
   the benefits of reducing routing information and optimized flooding.

   Being able to treat a LAN as a point-to-point circuit provides the
   benefit of reduction in the amount of information routing
   protocols must carry and manage. DR/DIS election can be omitted. 
   Flooding can be done as in p2p links without the need of using 
   "LSA reflection" by the DR in OSPF or periodic CSNPs in ISIS.
   Also, if a broadcast segment wired as a point-to-point link 
   can be treated as a point-to-point link, only the connection between 
   the two routers would need to be advertised as a topological entity.

   Even when there are multiple routers on the LAN an ISP may want
   to sub-group the routers into multiple vLANs since this allows
   them to assign different costs to IGP neighbors. When there are
   only two routers in some of the vLANs, this LAN can be viewed by
   the IGP as a mesh of point-to-point connections.

   As a side benefit, unnumbered interface can also be applied over 
   p2p-over-lan circuits. The advantages of unnumbered point-to-point
   links are obvious in the current IP addressing environment where
   addresses are a scarce resource. Separating the concept of network
   type from media type will allow LANs, e.g. ethernet, to be
   unnumbered and realize the IP address space savings. Another
   advantage is in simpler network management and configuration.



Shen, Zinin, et al       Expires February 2001                  [Page 2]


INTERNET DRAFT             P2P OVER LAN                      August 2001


3. IP multi-access subnets

   When an IP network includes multi-access segments, each segment is
   usually assigned a separate subnet and each router connected to it is
   assigned a distinct IP address within that subnet. The role of the
   IP address assigned to a multi-access interface can be outlined as
   follows:

      1. Source IP address - The interface address can be used by
         the router as the source IP address in locally originated
         IP packets destined for that subnet or having a best path
         next hop on that subnet. 

      2. Destination IP address - The interface address can be used by
         other devices in the network as a destination address for packets 
         to router applications (examples include telnet, SMTP, TFTP, 
         OSPF, BGP, etc).

      3. Next-hop identifier - If other routers connected to the same
         segment need to forward traffic through the router, the
         corresponding routes in their routing tables will include the
         router's interface IP address. This address will be used to 
         find the router's MAC address using the ARP protocol. Effectively, 
         the interface IP addresses help other routers find the data-link
         layer details that are required to specify the destination of
         the encapsulating data-link frame when it is sent on the
         segment.

   The IP addressing scheme includes an option that allows the
   administrators to not assign any subnets to point-to-point links
   (links connecting only two devices and using protocols like PPP, SLIP
   or HDLC for IP encapsulation).  This is possible, because the routers
   do not need next-hop identifiers on point-to-point links (there is
   only one destination for any transmission), and an interface 
   independent IP address can be used as the source and destination.  
   Using the unnumbered option for a point-to-point link essentially 
   makes it a purely topological entity used only to reach other 
   destinations.

 
4. Point-to-point connection over LAN media

   The idea is very simple: provide a configuration mechanism to
   inform the IGP that the circuit is type point-to-point
   irrespective of the physical media type. For the IGP, this implies
   that it will send protocol packets with the appropriate
   point-to-point information and expects to receive protocol packets
   as they would be received on a point-to-point circuit. Over LAN
   media, the MAC header must contain the correct multicast MAC address
   to be received by the other side of the connection. For vLAN
   environments, the MAC header must also contain the proper vLAN ID.

   In order to allow LAN links used to connect only two routers to be
   treated as unnumbered point-to-point interfaces, the MAC address
   resolution and nexthop IP address issues need to be addressed.


4.1 Operation of IS-IS

   This p2p-over-lan circuit extension for IS-IS is only concerned
   in pure IP routing and forwarding operation.

   Since the physically circuit is a broadcast one, the IS-IS protocol
   packets need to have MAC addresses for this p2p-over-lan circuit.
   From link layer point of view, those packets are IS-IS LAN packets.
   The Multi-destination address including AllISs, AllL1ISs and AllL2ISs
   defined in [ref1] can be used for link layer encapsulation, the
   use of AllISs is recommended.

   The circuit needs to have IP address(es) and the p2p IIH over this
   circuit MUST include the IP interface address(es) as defined in
   [ref2]. The IP address(es) can be numbered or unnumbered.


4.2 Operation of OSPF

   OSPF routers supporting the capabilities described herein should
   support an additional interface configuration parameter specifying
   the interface topology type. For a LAN (i.e., broadcast capable)
   interface, the interface may be viewed as a point-to-point interface.
   Both routers on the LAN will simply join the AllSPFRouters
   (224.0.0.5) multicast group and send all OSPF packets to 224.0.0.5.
   This is identical to operation over a physical point-to-point link
   as described in sections 8.1 and 8.2 of [ref3].


Shen, Zinin, et al       Expires February 2001                  [Page 3]


INTERNET DRAFT             P2P OVER LAN                      August 2001


4.3 IP forwarding and ARP


    Unlike normal point-to-point IGP circuit, the IP nexthop for the
    routes using this p2p-over-lan circuit as an outbound interface is
    not optional.  The IP nexthop address has to be a valid interface
    or internal address on the adjacent router. This address is used by
    local router to obtain the MAC address for IP packet forwarding.
    Proxy ARP has to be enabled if the address is not the adjacent
    interface IP address.

    In the case where unnumbered IP addresses are used for p2p-over-lan
    circuit, the source IP address of ARP request and the target interface 
    IP address are usually on different subnets. The ARP should reply 
    only if this is a p2p-over-lan circuit and the source IP address 
    of the ARP request is the same as the neighbor's interface IP address 
    at the other end. The neighbor's address is learned from IGP hello 
    exchanges over this circuit.


4.4 Other MAC address resolution mechanisms

   In more general cases while p2p-over-lan circuit is used as an
   unnumbered link, other MAC address resolution mechanisms are needed
   for IP packet forwarding. For example, if link-state IGP is not
   configured over this p2p-over-lan link, or Proxy ARP is not enabled
   on the circuit. The following techniques can be used to acquire the
   MAC address and/or the next-hop IP address of the remote device on an
   unnumbered point-to-point LAN link.

       1. Static configuration. A router can be statically configured
          with the MAC address that should be used as the destination
          MAC address when sending data out of the interface.

       2. MAC address gleaning. If a dynamic routing protocol is running
          between the routers connected to the link, the MAC address of
          the remote device can be taken from a data-link frame carrying
          a packet of the corresponding routing protocol.

       3. ARP for reference IP address. When a point-to-point link is
          configured as unnumbered, the router usually associates with
          it a "reference IP address", that is used as the source IP
          address in the packets originated for the unnumbered
          interface. When such an address is known to a router, the
          router may announce its MAC address by sending a gratuitous
          ARP message. This solution will also help in the situations
          where routers calculate the next-hop addresses for the routes
          through point-to-point interfaces. Since the source IP address
          in the received routing protocol packet is used as the next-
          hop address in the route, forwarding an IP packet along such a
          route will lead to an ARP request submission on the LAN link
          that will be answered by the remote device.

       4. Broadcast/multicast/proprietary.


4.5 Detection of mis-configuration

   With this p2p-over-lan extension, the difference between a LAN and
   a point-to-point circuit can be made purely by configuration. It is
   important to implement the mechanisms for early detection of
   mis-configuration.

   If the circuit is configured as point-to-point type and receives
   LAN hello packets, the router MUST discard the incoming packets; If
   the circuit is a LAN type and receive point-to-point hello packets,
   it MUST discard the incoming packets. If the system ID or the
   router ID of incoming hello packet does not match the system ID or
   the router ID of already established adjacency over this p2p-over-lan
   circuit, it MUST discard the packet. The implementation should offer
   logging and debugging information of the above events.


5. Compatibility considerations

   Both routers on a LAN must support the p2p-over-lan extension
   and both must have the LAN segment configured as a p2p-over-lan
   circuit for successful operation. Both routers MAY also support
   one of the above listed methods for mapping ip addresses on the
   link to MAC address, and MUST support proxy ARP on the link. If a
   proprietary method of IP address to MAC address resolution is
   used by one router, both routers must be capable of using the
   same method. Otherwise, the link should be configured as a
   standard LAN link, with traditional IGP LAN models used.

6. Scalability and deployment considerations

   There is obvious advantage to use this extension on the LANs
   that are connected back-to-back or only contain two routers. 
   However, there are tradeoffs when modeling a LAN as multiple vLANs
   and using this extension since one does sacrifice the inherent
   scalability benefits of multi-access networks. In general, 
   it will increase the link-state database size, the amount of 
   packets flooded and the route calculation overhead. Network design 
   engineers should carefully balance between the associated 
   overhead. The scalability impact is less of a concern if all the
   vLANs are within a single OSPF area or ISIS level. 

   Deployment of the described technique brings noticeable benefits from
   the perspective of IP address usage, the network management and the
   router configuration. Note, however, that use of the IP unnumbered
   option for point-to-point LAN links inherits the same problems as
   those present for serial links, i.e., not being able to ping or
   monitor a specific interface between routers.

7. Security Issues

   This document does not introduce any new security issues to ISIS or
   OSPF. For ARP to support unnumbered IP interface addresses, it needs
   to verify the p2p-over-lan circuit type described in this document
   and to verify the ARP packet source interface address to match the 
   IGP adjacency interface IP address. This is due to normal ARP sanity 
   check for common subnet can not be applied in this case.

Shen, Zinin, et al       Expires February 2001                  [Page 4]


INTERNET DRAFT             P2P OVER LAN                      August 2001


8. Acknowledgments

    TBA.




9. References

   [ref1] ISO.  Information Technology - Telecommunications and
          Information Exchange between Systems - Intermediate System
          to Intermediate System Routing Exchange Protocol for
          Use in Conjunction with the Protocol for Providing the
          Connectionless-Mode Network Service.  ISO, 1990.


   [ref2] R. Callon.  Use of OSI ISIS for Routing in TCP/IP and Dual
          Environments.  INTERNET-RFC, Internet Engineering Task Force,
          December 1990.


   [ref3] J. Moy. OSPF Version 2. Technical Report RFC2328 Internet
          Engineering Task Force, 1998.



10. Authors' Addresses

    Naiming Shen
    Redback Networks
    350 Holger Way
    San Jose, CA, 95134 USA
    naiming@redback.com

    Acee Lindem
    Redback Networks
    102 Carric Bend Court
    Apex, NC 27502 USA
    acee@redback.com 

    Jenny Yuan
    Redback Networks
    350 Holger Way
    San Jose, CA, 95134 USA
    jenny@redback.com

    Alex Zinin 
    Nexsi Systems
    1959 Concourse Drive
    San Jose, CA 95131
    azinin@nexsi.com
                                                         
    Russ White
    Cisco Systems, Inc.
    7025 Kit Creek Rd.
    Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
    e-mail: riw@cisco.com

    Stefano Previdi
    Cisco Systems, Inc.
    De Kleetlaan 6A
    1831 Diegem - Belgium
    email: sprevidi@cisco.com





Shen, Zinin, et al       Expires February 2001                  [Page 5]


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I haven't seen the announcement go by on IETF-announce yet, but the updated 
version of isis-restart is there now.

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-shand-isis-restart-01.txt

Mike

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Folks,

 Below is the new version of the document. This includes
 type-133 sub-TLV format as suggested by Hannes and Tony, the
 CSN sub-TLV (GenID + SN), separate for each packet type,
 the Key ID sub-TLV, and using link-level keys for SNPs.
 This seems to be a good enough approximation to start
 the discussion.

 I'll also do some slides in London.

-- 
Alex Zinin







Network Working Group                                         Alex Zinin
Internet Draft                                             Nexsi Systems
Expiration Date: February 2002                               August 2001
File name: draft-zinin-isis-auth-anti-replay-00.txt


                  Protecting ISIS from replay attacks

                draft-zinin-isis-auth-anti-replay-00.txt


Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

   Internet Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that other
   groups may also distribute working documents as Internet Drafts.

   Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
   months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
   other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet
   Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a "working
   draft" or "work in progress".

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.


Abstract

   This document describes an additional mechanism for ISIS
   cryptographic authentication that protects ISIS networks from simple
   packet replay attacks.

1 Motivation

   The cryptographic authentication mechanism for [ISIS], described in
   [HMAC] provides basic authentication functionality sufficient for the
   majority of situations. However, this mechanism does not protect ISIS
   networks from the replay attacks that can be performed by the
   attacker if it has direct access to a broadcast segment within an
   ISIS domain.




Zinin                                                           [Page 1]





INTERNET DRAFT     Protecting ISIS from replay attacks       August 2001


   Because the mechanism described in [HMAC] does not include the notion
   of "cryptographic sequence number", an attacker can easily replay
   previously recorded ISIS packets.

   Examples of these attacks include replaying an empty (listing no
   neighbor IS) IIH packets and thus causing routers on the segment to
   destroy the adjacencies with a specific router, replaying CSNP
   packets and thus artificially attracting ISIS traffic (LSPs) to the
   segment's DIS, and so on. When used periodically, these attacks can
   cause global instability in an ISIS domain.

   This document defines a simple mechanism, similar to the one proposed
   for the OSPF protocol in [ETIENNE], to protect an ISIS network from
   the replay attacks by introducing Cryptographic Sequence Number and
   Generation ID into ISIS packets. The method is compatible with the
   existing implementations of [HMAC].  In addition to the Cryptographic
   Sequence Numbers, the document defines transmission of the
   cryptographic Key IDs that help routers identify the key to be used
   for authentication when multiple keys are active during the key
   transition period.

   It must be noted that the described mechanism does not attempt to
   increase purely cryptographic strength of the ISIS authentication
   mechanism, but rather addresses the problems inside [HMAC].

2 Proposed Solution

   Both the Cryptographic Sequence Number and the key ID are introduced
   into the ISIS packets as sub-TLVs of the TLV type-133. The type-133
   TLV is considered to be a part of text T while calculating the HMAC-
   MD5 digest as defined in [HMAC] (i.e., the type-133 TLV is covered by
   the digest to prevent spoofing of the values inside the TLV).  Sub-
   TLVs are formatted as described in [ISIS-TE]. This document defines
   the following sub-TLVs:

      Type  Length (octets)  Name
        1        8           Cryptographic Sequence Number (CSN)
        2        2           Cryptographic Key ID (CKID)

   [HMAC] specifies that ISIS Sequence Number Packets should be
   authenticated using the area-level authentication key. In order to
   prevent attacks based on replaying packets recorded on a different
   network segment, the implementations are encouraged to support SNP
   authentication using the link-level key. Note that this requires
   proper configuration on all routers attached to a network segment.

   This version of the document does not specify the use of the CSN sub-
   TLV in ISIS LSPs. Instead, the existing LSP Sequence Number and



Zinin                                                           [Page 2]





INTERNET DRAFT     Protecting ISIS from replay attacks       August 2001


   associated LSP processing procedures are used, with the reservations
   described in [HMAC]. Note, however, that CKID sub-TLV can be used in
   all ISIS packets, including LSPs.

   Implementations not supporting described extensions should ignore the
   TLVs defined herein.

 2.1 Cryptographic Sequence Number sub-TLV.

   The CSN sub-TLV contains the following data:

       2 octets of Generation ID
       4 octets of Sequence Number

   A single instance of the Generation ID is maintained by each ISIS
   process, initially set to zero, and incremented each time the ISIS
   module is restarted (e.g., when the router reboots).  The Generation
   ID prevents replay attacks using recorded packets from the previous
   incarnation of the ISIS process. This document does not specify the
   exact method of storing the value of the Generation ID across the
   ISIS module or router restarts, however, it is anticipated that the
   implementations will use some type of non-volatile memory (flash
   memory, hard disk, etc.)  for this purpose.

   Each ISIS module also maintains a single instance of the Sequence
   Number for each {interface, packet-type} combination. The Sequence
   Number is initially set to zero, and incremented each time a packet
   of the associated type is sent on the associated interface.
   Maintaining separate Sequence Numbers for different packet types
   allows the receiving router to diverge the packet processing paths
   without affecting the authentication properties of the protocol.

   The document does not specify the procedure for the situations where
   the Sequence Number for a specific {interface, packet-type}
   combination reaches its maximum. A possible approach would be to
   increase the Generation ID on the router and reset Sequence Number
   values on all interfaces.

 2.1.1 Sending ISIS Packets with CSN sub-TLV

   When constructing an ISIS packet authenticated using [HMAC], the
   router may include the CSN sub-TLV in the type-133 TLV.  If the TLV
   is included, it should be considered a part of the text for the
   digest calculation. After the packet has been sent, the
   implementation must increase the associated Sequence Number.

 2.1.2 Receiving ISIS Packets with CSN sub-TLV




Zinin                                                           [Page 3]





INTERNET DRAFT     Protecting ISIS from replay attacks       August 2001


   ISIS implementations supporting described extensions should maintain
   the received Generation ID and Sequence Number for each {interface,
   neighbor, packet-type} combination. These values should be set to
   zero when a new neighbor data structure is created.

   When receiving an HMAC-authenticated ISIS packet with a type-133 TLV,
   the router performs the following checks (if the packet is not HMAC-
   authenticated, but contains the type-133 TLV, the type-133 TLV should
   be ignored).

    1. If the CSN sub-TLV is present, compare the values found
       in the TLV with the values in the neighbor data structure
       (for a specific packet type) as described below.

         a) If the received Generation ID is less than the locally
            recorded value, the packet should be ignored.

         b) Otherwise, if the received Generation ID is greater than
            the locally recorded value, the Sequence Number should
            not be checked and step d) should be performed.

         c) Otherwise, if the received Generation ID is equal to
            the locally recorded value and the received Sequence
            Number is not greater than the locally recorded value,
            the packet should be ignored.

         d) Perform the packet verification procedure as
            described in [HMAC] and update the neighbor data structure
            with the received Generation ID and Sequence Number.

    2. If the ISIS packet is authenticated using [HMAC], does not
       contain the CSN sub-TLV, and the router is configured to perform
       CSN verification on the receiving interface, the ISIS packet
       should be ignored. Otherwise (the router is not configured to
       perform CSN verification), the packet should be authenticated
       as described in [HMAC].

 2.2 Cryptographic Key ID Sub-TLV

   The CKID Sub-TLV contains the 16-bit ID of the key that was used to
   authenticate the packet. Depending on the type and level of the
   packet, the key ID identifies a specific area or link level
   authentication key when multiple keys are active at the same time.

 2.2.1 Sending Packets with CKID sub-TLV

   When constructing an HMAC-authenticated packet, a router may include
   the CKID sub-TLV in the type-133 TLV. If included, the CKID sub-TLV



Zinin                                                           [Page 4]





INTERNET DRAFT     Protecting ISIS from replay attacks       August 2001


   should contain the ID of the key that is used to authenticate the
   packet.

 2.2.2 Receiving Packets with CKID sub-TLV

   When receiving an HMAC-authenticated PDU with the CKID sub-TLV, the
   receiving router should locate the key associated with the received
   key ID and use it for the packet authentication procedure.  If the
   receiving router cannot find the key with specified ID or if the key
   is not active, the received PDU should be ignored.  If the CKID sub-
   TLV is not present in the PDU, the procedures defined in [HMAC]
   should be followed (i.e., the CKID sub-TLV does not have to be
   included for an HMAC-signed ISIS packet to be considered authentic,
   instead it gives the receiving router a "hint" about the key that
   should be used for authentication when multiple keys are present).

   This document does not specify the key management procedure, however,
   the routers need to agree on the key IDs for the packets to be
   authenticated correctly.

3 Compatibility Issues

   Implementations not supporting described extensions will ignore the
   TLVs defined in this document. Also, implementations supporting the
   new TLVs will interoperate with implementation using [HMAC] only
   unless explicitly configured to perform sequence number verification,
   which is expected to be done when all routers on a segment support
   described mechanism.

4 Security issues

   This document describes a mechanism that improves security of the
   ISIS protocol.

5 Acknowledgements

   The author would like to thank Hannes Gredler, Tony Przygienda, Ran
   Atkinson, David Hudek and the rest of the ISIS working group for
   valuable feedback on this document.

6 References

   [ISIS] ISO, "Intermediate system to Intermediate system routeing
          information exchange protocol for use in conjunction with the
          Protocol for providing the Connectionless-mode Network Service
          (ISO 8473)," ISO/IEC 10589:1992.

   [HMAC] Li, T., RJ Atkinson. "IS-IS Cryptographic Authentication"



Zinin                                                           [Page 5]





INTERNET DRAFT     Protecting ISIS from replay attacks       August 2001


          Work in progress. 20 June 2001. draft-ietf-isis-hmac-03.txt.

   [ETIENNE] Jerome Etienne. "Proposal to fix OSPF cryptographic
          authentication flaws".

   [ISIS-TE] Li, T., Henk Smit. "IS-IS extensions for Traffic
          Engineering". Work in progress. June 2001. draft-ietf-isis-
          traffic-03.txt

7 Author's address

   Alex Zinin
   Nexsi Systems
   1959 Concourse Drive
   San Jose, CA 95131
   azinin@nexsi.com



































Zinin                                                           [Page 6]


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Folks,

 One thing that I'd like to be discussed is using CSNs in LSPs.
 The document does not specify this, but I think this needs
 attention.

 My opinion is LSP's native sequence number is not good enough
 (we lose the state when the LSP is purged, the SN space is reused
 each reload, etc.), and addressing all packet types but one does
 not make much sense since all packets are the same from the
 replaying perspective, the only difference is consequences.

 A possible approach would be (I mentioned this on the list already)
 to authenticate LSPs at the link level, i.e., using the link key
 and CSN, make sure CSNs are not taken into consideration when
 deciding which LSP is more recent, and ref_cnt the keys to make
 sure they're not freed when they become inactive, or ISIS is disabled
 on the interface (or the interface is removed), but there are LSPs
 that still need the key for periodic verification (btw, this part is
 not spelled out in HMAC either).

 Comments are welcome.

-- 
Alex Zinin

Friday, August 03, 2001, 4:12:41 AM, Alex Zinin wrote:

> Folks,

>  Below is the new version of the document. This includes
>  type-133 sub-TLV format as suggested by Hannes and Tony, the
>  CSN sub-TLV (GenID + SN), separate for each packet type,
>  the Key ID sub-TLV, and using link-level keys for SNPs.
>  This seems to be a good enough approximation to start
>  the discussion.

>  I'll also do some slides in London.


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Date: Fri, 03 Aug 2001 13:49:21 -0700
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small revision, we'll have


> 10min        Administrativa
>             x draft status
>             x new RFCs
>
> 15min        draft-hermelin-ext-lsp-frags        Amir
> 15min        draft-ietf-isis-transient           Danny
> 20min        draft-shand-isis-restart            Mike
> 20min        draft-ietf-isis-wg-multi-topology   Naiming

15min        draft-shen-isis-ospf-p2p-over-lan-01    ?

>
> 15min        draft-ietf-isis-auth-anti-replay    Alex
> 5min         draft-ietf-isis-wg-tlv-codepoints   Tony P.
>
> Any other open issues to be discussed at the end after
> this agenda

unless anybody objects since technically this draft didn't make
the cut-off date (but it's not the only one).

    thanks

    -- tony

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Subject: [Isis-wg] Doubt regarding Default Informatoin Originate
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Hi,

I would like to know the advantage of originating default information in L1 LSPs. Since Att bit itself is sufficient for finding default route in a L1 area then what is the significant of originating default informaton in L1 LSPs.
Pls let me clarified.

Thanks,
Selva.



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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Sun Aug  5 11:09:27 2001
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Date: Sun, 05 Aug 2001 17:04:33 +0200

At 04:27 04/08/2001, R Selvaraj wrote:
>Hi,
>
>I would like to know the advantage of originating default information in 
>L1 LSPs. Since Att bit itself is sufficient for finding default route in a 
>L1 area then what is the significant of originating default informaton in 
>L1 LSPs.
>Pls let me clarified.

there are many reasons why you prefer to have an IP-specific default route:

- your network is a single level-1 area.
- your AS boundary is a level-1 router and you want to use
   it as default exit point.
- ATT bit is only set based on clns information while an IP
   default route can be advertised based on IP information.
- probably other good reasons...

s.

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug  6 00:22:08 2001
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Subject: [Isis-wg] ISIS and OSPF
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Date: Mon, 6 Aug 2001 09:53:58 +0530
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Hi,
OSPF and ISIS are both very similar in a lot of respects and i wanted to
know as to which protocol scales better when deployed as an IGP ?
Secondly, with the coming of IPv6 which protocol holds a better future. If
we are using OSPF then we will have to write a completely new protocol and
our IPv4/IPv6 transition router running a dual stack will have to run both
the copies of OSPF .. This can be avoided with ISIS wherein we have 20 byte
address field length.

Any help on this would be very much appreciated.

Thanks and Regards,
Manav

"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2



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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug  6 01:08:22 2001
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Date: Sun, 5 Aug 2001 22:07:46 -0700 (PDT)

Hi,
I am new to this protocol and i am going thru the RFC
1142 and am facing the following problems :-

(1) What does rfc 1142 mean by "adjaceny" .. Is it an
interface on which the packets are sent ?? If yes,
then what is a link ?
(2) What is a circuit ?
(3) I was going through the presentation given by Dave
Katz where he compares OSPF and ISIS. What is
troubling me is the fact that in one of his slides he
says that OSPF runs over IP while ISIS runs besides
IP. Now in Dual ISIS we encapsulate our ISIS packet
over the IP. So we are still using IP.
(4) As far as i understand we send CSNPs to list the
sequence numbers of one or more LSPs operating ... and
as an ACK. Why do we then send Partial SNPs ??

Thanks and regards,
Swati Rastogi




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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug  6 04:38:36 2001
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> (1) What does rfc 1142 mean by "adjaceny" .. Is it an
> interface on which the packets are sent ?? If yes,
> then what is a link ?
AFAIK adjacencies tell me what all routers/systems are connected to my
router. Link refers to the actual hardware interface.
> (2) What is a circuit ?
Adjacencies can be of many types .. end system,L1 or L2 reachable address
prefixes. Within each type based we have circuit ID which differentiaties as
to whether it is a non broadcast circuit OR broadcast circuit when running
level 1 decision process . .etc (Refer to 7.2.7 rfc 1142)
> (3) I was going through the presentation given by Dave
> Katz where he compares OSPF and ISIS. What is
> troubling me is the fact that in one of his slides he
> says that OSPF runs over IP while ISIS runs besides
> IP. Now in Dual ISIS we encapsulate our ISIS packet
> over the IP. So we are still using IP.
No Idea !
> (4) As far as i understand we send CSNPs to list the
> sequence numbers of one or more LSPs operating ... and
> as an ACK. Why do we then send Partial SNPs ??
CSNPs are routing packets sent out of the designated router (on a LAN) to
summarize all the LSPs in its database. These are recieved by other direct
neighbouring ISs on the LAN and are used to maintain synchronization of link
state databases amongst all ISs.The synchronization procedure is different
on LANs and point to point links.
On a point to point link, all the LSPs transmitted must be explicitly
acknowledged by a Partial SNP from the other router. Unacknowledged LSPs are
retransmitted.

Regards,
Manav Bhatia




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Date: Mon, 6 Aug 2001 18:07:20 +0530

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Hi,

ISO/IEC FCD 10589 ISIS Standardis saying that "As a result of network
misconfiguration, or certain transitory conditions, it is possible that
there may be insufficient resources available to store the a received Link
State PDU. When this occurs, an IS needs to take certain steps to ensure
that if its LSP database becomes inconsistent with other IS's, that these
ISs do not rely on forwarding paths through the overloaded IS". 

Take an example..
   
              R1-----------------R2--------------------R3
                                    |                       |
                                    |                       |
                                    |                       |
                                    R4------------------R5


Here R1 forward to R2 if any packet destined to routers R3, R4 and R5  by
considering the forwarding path through R2 (i.e since R1 have route to R3,
R4 and R5 with R2 as next hop).
 
If R2 advertises an LSP with Overload Bit set, then R1 should not forward to
R2 if any packet destined to R3, R4 and R5 since here R1 will not consider
forwarding path through R2 (i.e it will not install routes to R3, R4 and R5
with next hop as R2).

Am I correct?.

Here my doubt is---- 
will this applicable to IP information (in LSP packet) also OR only to OSI
information only while processing the LSPs received from overloaded IS?.

Please clarify doubt.


Regards,
Ramesh
                                                    

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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] ISIS and OSPF
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: Manav Bhatia <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>
To: <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Sent: Monday, August 06, 2001 12:23 AM
Subject: [Isis-wg] ISIS and OSPF


> Hi,
> OSPF and ISIS are both very similar in a lot of respects and i wanted to
> know as to which protocol scales better when deployed as an IGP ?
> Secondly, with the coming of IPv6 which protocol holds a better future. If
> we are using OSPF then we will have to write a completely new protocol and
> our IPv4/IPv6 transition router running a dual stack will have to run both
> the copies of OSPF .. This can be avoided with ISIS wherein we have 20 byte
> address field length.

I don't know enough about OSPF to answer your questions.  However,
the address length of IS-IS isn't much of a help because it is always
an OSI address (NSAP), not an IP address, and every router that is operating
IS-IS has an NSAP.  IPV6 can be supported in IS-IS for the same reasons that
IPV4 could be -- because new reachability information can be added in the form
of new TLV-encoded options.  I would guess that this is equally true for
OSPF, although it may be necessary to continue to give each OSPF router
an IPV4 address with certain uniqueness requirements.

Regards,
Jeff

 
> Any help on this would be very much appreciated.
> 
> Thanks and Regards,
> Manav
> 
> "C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2
> 
> 
> 
> _________________________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Help Reqd !
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----- Original Message ----- 
From: Swati Rastogi <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>
To: <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Sent: Monday, August 06, 2001 1:07 AM
Subject: [Isis-wg] Help Reqd !


> Hi,
> I am new to this protocol and i am going thru the RFC
> 1142 and am facing the following problems :-

These terms are defined in ISO 10589, which must be read for a thorough
understanding of IS-IS.

> (1) What does rfc 1142 mean by "adjaceny" .. Is it an
> interface on which the packets are sent ?? If yes,
> then what is a link ?

An adjacency is a (circuit, l2 address) pair identifying a means
of reaching an immediate neighbor.  So, an adjacency is like a
neighbor, except that you can have multiple adjacencies to a
single neighbor, e.g., if it has to L2 addresses on one link
or two links between you and it.

> (2) What is a circuit ?

A link.

> (3) I was going through the presentation given by Dave
> Katz where he compares OSPF and ISIS. What is
> troubling me is the fact that in one of his slides he
> says that OSPF runs over IP while ISIS runs besides
> IP. Now in Dual ISIS we encapsulate our ISIS packet
> over the IP. So we are still using IP.

Nope.  The encapsulation does not change; IS-IS runs
directly over the link layer and does not use IP or OSI
layer 3 addressing in communications between neighbors.

> (4) As far as i understand we send CSNPs to list the
> sequence numbers of one or more LSPs operating ... and
> as an ACK. Why do we then send Partial SNPs ??

As ACKs on point-to-point links.  The rules are different for
point-to-point links and broadcast links and I don't have the
details on the top of my head, but in general, PSNPs are used
as ACKs, and CSNPs are used periodically.

> Thanks and regards,
> Swati Rastogi
> 
> 
> 
> 
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug  6 09:12:48 2001
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To: "Rayapureddi Ramesh" <rameshrr@future.futsoft.com>
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Reg: Over Load bit
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Date: Mon, 06 Aug 2001 15:09:10 +0200

At 14:37 06/08/2001, Rayapureddi Ramesh wrote:
>Hi,
>
>ISO/IEC FCD 10589 ISIS Standardis saying that "As a result of network
>misconfiguration, or certain transitory conditions, it is possible that
>there may be insufficient resources available to store the a received Link
>State PDU. When this occurs, an IS needs to take certain steps to ensure
>that if its LSP database becomes inconsistent with other IS's, that these
>ISs do not rely on forwarding paths through the overloaded IS".
>
>Take an example..
>
>               R1-----------------R2--------------------R3
>                                     |                       |
>                                     |                       |
>                                     |                       |
>                                     R4------------------R5
>
>
>Here R1 forward to R2 if any packet destined to routers R3, R4 and R5  by
>considering the forwarding path through R2 (i.e since R1 have route to R3,
>R4 and R5 with R2 as next hop).
>
>If R2 advertises an LSP with Overload Bit set, then R1 should not forward to
>R2 if any packet destined to R3, R4 and R5 since here R1 will not consider
>forwarding path through R2 (i.e it will not install routes to R3, R4 and R5
>with next hop as R2).
>
>Am I correct?.

yes.

>Here my doubt is----
>will this applicable to IP information (in LSP packet) also OR only to OSI
>information only while processing the LSPs received from overloaded IS?.

When running SPF, you don't move into the TENT list the neighbors
of a node if such node has the overload-bit set. Therefore you
won't continue to build the sub-tree after the overload-bit-node.
This means that any route advertised by nodes downstream to the
overload-bit-node will simply be never calculated, no matter their
address family.

s.

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Date: Mon, 6 Aug 2001 18:51:05 +0530
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Thanks Jeff for the reply !
> of new TLV-encoded options.  I would guess that this is equally true for
> OSPF, although it may be necessary to continue to give each OSPF router
> an IPV4 address with certain uniqueness requirements.
But the very reason why IPv6 is coming into picture is the paucity of IPv4
addresses. So if OSPF has to support unique IPv4 addresses then how can it
work in an IPv6 environment ?
Secondly, in the present scenario (IPv4) which is considreded as a better
IGP .. in terms of scalability ?

Regards,
Manav



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To: "Swati Rastogi" <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>, <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Help Reqd !
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> Hi,
> I am new to this protocol and i am going thru the RFC
> 1142 and am facing the following problems :-
>
> (1) What does rfc 1142 mean by "adjaceny" .. Is it an
> interface on which the packets are sent ?? If yes,
> then what is a link ?

From an IS perspective, a directly attached IS neighbour becomes an
adjacency if the Broadcast or Non-Broadcast initialization process succeeds
between the 2 neighbours. This includes IIH PDU Acceptance Tests, Area
Address Tests, Adjacency Tests and Adjacency Communication Tests. Once a
FULL adjacency has been formed, the 2 IS neighbours will exchange routing
information.


> (2) What is a circuit ?

A circuit references a link level connection, which connects at least 2 IS
neighbours together so they may form an adjacency. Circuit-IDs identify
individual links for purposes of path pruning and detection of 2-way
communication.

> (3) I was going through the presentation given by Dave
> Katz where he compares OSPF and ISIS. What is
> troubling me is the fact that in one of his slides he
> says that OSPF runs over IP while ISIS runs besides
> IP. Now in Dual ISIS we encapsulate our ISIS packet
> over the IP. So we are still using IP.

What Dave means here is that OSPF control packets are encapsulated in IP
packets. Whereas IS-IS control packets are encapsulated in CLNS packets.
Both OSPF and ISIS forward Data packets in their native format, IP packets
for IP data and CLNS packets for OSI data. A Dual ISIS will forward both IP
and CLNS Data packets.

> (4) As far as i understand we send CSNPs to list the
> sequence numbers of one or more LSPs operating ... and
> as an ACK. Why do we then send Partial SNPs ??

This is dependant upon the link type, Broadcast (LAN) or Non-Broadcast
(Point-to-Point).

On a Broadcast  circuit we elect a Designated Router for purposes of
synchronizing the LSP Databases amongst a common set of LAN ISs. The DR
periodically advertises the state of its LSP Database to the rest of the LAN
via CSNPs. If a CSNP does not contain a particular LSP, which another IS on
the LAN currently possesses in its LSP Database, the detecting IS will flood
that LSP onto the LAN. However, if the CSNP contains a LSP reference to an
LSP, which is not present in an adjacent LAN IS LSP Database, that detecting
IS will send a PSNP requesting that particular LSP. The DR, upon receipt of
the PSNP, will then flood that LSP onto the given LAN.

On a Non-Broadcast circuit, CSNPs are sent at initialization and/or during
circuit restart. This lets the adjacent IS know what the remote IS possesses
in its LSP database(s). Both sides of the link set the SRMflag for all LSPs
contained within their respective LSP databases prior to sending the CSNPs
(there are some rules which apply). The CSNP LSP Entries are then processed
to determine if the LSP Databases are synchronized. CSNP referenced LSP
Entries which are non-referenced or newer in the remote LSP Database are
requested via a PSNP and/or transmitted as a result of the SRMflag being
set. CSNP referenced LSP Entries which are non-existent or older in the
remote LSP Database are updated by the local IS as a result of receiving a
PSNP request or as a result of the SRMflag being set (one in the same). No
action is taken for CSNP referenced LSP Entries which are the same (no PSNP
sent, just clear the SRMflag, receipt of the same LSP is equal to receipt of
a PSNP acknowledgement). Once an LSP has been received on a non-broadcast
link, a PSNP is sent as an acknowledgement to that LSP.

Hope this helps?

Cheers,
Ken Larmer

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Date: Mon, 06 Aug 2001 10:08:03 -0400

At 09:21 AM 8/6/2001, Manav Bhatia wrote:
>Thanks Jeff for the reply !
>> of new TLV-encoded options.  I would guess that this is equally true for
>> OSPF, although it may be necessary to continue to give each OSPF router
>> an IPV4 address with certain uniqueness requirements.
>But the very reason why IPv6 is coming into picture is the paucity of IPv4
>addresses. So if OSPF has to support unique IPv4 addresses then how can it
>work in an IPv6 environment ?

First, I'm making a guess about OSPF.  Let's wait and see what someone
with more OSPF knowledge says.  Second, there will be many more end
systems than routers, so if only routers have IPV4 addresses, then
there may be an order of magnitude or two of growth before the problem
becomes critical again.  Also, I said that there were uniqueness
requirements, but I don't know precisely what these uniqueness
requirements are.  It is likely that routers belonging to one
AS can use local IP addresses that are unique only within that AS.

>Secondly, in the present scenario (IPv4) which is considreded as a better
>IGP .. in terms of scalability ?

Can't help you there!  Studies that I have done with IS-IS indicate
that it is surprisingly scalable in terms of bandwidth usage, even
with relatively unreliable routers with short MTBFs (like days!).
The practical limit of IS-IS is probably related to its two-level
hierarchy rather than N-level hierarchy.  Radia Perlman has ideas
on how it could be extended to support that, but so far there is
little interest.  Evidently the scalability limits of IS-IS have not
been reached, or else those who run IS-IS and have scalability
issues are not making themselves heard on this forum.

The biggest problem with scalability will probably be how long it
takes to stabilize after a topology change.  The greater the span
of the sub-domain (area or routing domain), the greater the time.
Multi-level IS-IS could be used to improve this, in hierarchical
topologies that could take advantage of it.

Regards,
Jeff



>Regards,
>Manav
>
>
>
>_________________________________________________________
>Do You Yahoo!?
>Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug  6 10:33:39 2001
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Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Help Reqd !
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My response is in-line. I hope it helps.

Thanks.

Chris

-----Original Message-----
From: isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net
[mailto:isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net]On Behalf Of Swati Rastogi
Sent: Monday, August 06, 2001 12:08 AM
To: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
Subject: [Isis-wg] Help Reqd !


Hi,
I am new to this protocol and i am going thru the RFC
1142 and am facing the following problems :-

(1) What does rfc 1142 mean by "adjaceny" .. Is it an
interface on which the packets are sent ?? If yes,
then what is a link ?

cf: The IS-IS protocol builds (and maintains) adjacencies between IS's or
routers. A pair of neighboring IS's are said to be adjacent after they
exchange CNSPs and synchronize their databases. A separate adjacency is
created for each neighbor (on a circuit) and for each level of routing (on
broadcast media).

A link is a communication path between two neighbors.

(2) What is a circuit ?
(3) I was going through the presentation given by Dave
Katz where he compares OSPF and ISIS. What is
troubling me is the fact that in one of his slides he
says that OSPF runs over IP while ISIS runs besides
IP. Now in Dual ISIS we encapsulate our ISIS packet
over the IP. So we are still using IP.

cf: See RFC 1195. The IS-IS PDUs are transmitted directly over the
underlying link layer services without the need for mutual encapsulation.

(4) As far as i understand we send CSNPs to list the
sequence numbers of one or more LSPs operating ... and
as an ACK. Why do we then send Partial SNPs ??

cf: A PSNP is used to request the latest LSP from another IS. In addition,
the PSNP is an ACK for the receipt of a new LSP.


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Date: Mon, 6 Aug 2001 20:32:38 +0530
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Hi All,
In OSPF if the designated router fails then the backup designated router
takes over and all of this is done automatically. But in ISIS we have a
router configured as a L2 router drilled in the profiles. What would happen
if this router goes down for some reason ? Since this is the only link via
which the routers inside this area can communicate to the outside world.
Does it imply that the routers are now blackholed !

This would imply that the protocol has a single point of failure ..

Regards,
Swati Rastogi


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Date: Mon, 06 Aug 2001 11:01:46 -0400

At 09:52 AM 8/6/2001, Ken Larmer wrote:
>> Hi,
>> I am new to this protocol and i am going thru the RFC
>> 1142 and am facing the following problems :-
>>
>> (1) What does rfc 1142 mean by "adjaceny" .. Is it an
>> interface on which the packets are sent ?? If yes,
>> then what is a link ?
>
> From an IS perspective, a directly attached IS neighbour becomes an
>adjacency if the Broadcast or Non-Broadcast initialization process succeeds
>between the 2 neighbours. This includes IIH PDU Acceptance Tests, Area
>Address Tests, Adjacency Tests and Adjacency Communication Tests. Once a
>FULL adjacency has been formed, the 2 IS neighbours will exchange routing
>information.

Well put.  Don't forget that end systems can also have adjacencies,
although this may be less important for IP than for OSI, where it is
critical.

>> (2) What is a circuit ?
>
>A circuit references a link level connection, which connects at least 2 IS
>neighbours together so they may form an adjacency. Circuit-IDs identify
>individual links for purposes of path pruning and detection of 2-way
>communication.

Again, End System adjacencies can appear on a circuit, even if there
are no other ISs on the link.  This may be of no importance for
an IP-only router.

>> (3) I was going through the presentation given by Dave
>> Katz where he compares OSPF and ISIS. What is
>> troubling me is the fact that in one of his slides he
>> says that OSPF runs over IP while ISIS runs besides
>> IP. Now in Dual ISIS we encapsulate our ISIS packet
>> over the IP. So we are still using IP.
>
>What Dave means here is that OSPF control packets are encapsulated in IP
>packets. Whereas IS-IS control packets are encapsulated in CLNS packets.
>Both OSPF and ISIS forward Data packets in their native format, IP packets
>for IP data and CLNS packets for OSI data. A Dual ISIS will forward both IP
>and CLNS Data packets.

Be careful when you read "encapsulated in CLNS packets".  It is
absolutely correct, but does NOT mean that they are encapsulated in
CLNP packets.  It does mean that they are OSI connectionless layer
three packets and therefore begin with a Network Layer Protocol ID
(variously called NPID, NLPI, or NLPID).  After that first octet,
IS-IS and CLNP headers have little in common.

Regards,
Jeff


>> (4) As far as i understand we send CSNPs to list the
>> sequence numbers of one or more LSPs operating ... and
>> as an ACK. Why do we then send Partial SNPs ??
>
>This is dependant upon the link type, Broadcast (LAN) or Non-Broadcast
>(Point-to-Point).
>
>On a Broadcast  circuit we elect a Designated Router for purposes of
>synchronizing the LSP Databases amongst a common set of LAN ISs. The DR
>periodically advertises the state of its LSP Database to the rest of the LAN
>via CSNPs. If a CSNP does not contain a particular LSP, which another IS on
>the LAN currently possesses in its LSP Database, the detecting IS will flood
>that LSP onto the LAN. However, if the CSNP contains a LSP reference to an
>LSP, which is not present in an adjacent LAN IS LSP Database, that detecting
>IS will send a PSNP requesting that particular LSP. The DR, upon receipt of
>the PSNP, will then flood that LSP onto the given LAN.
>
>On a Non-Broadcast circuit, CSNPs are sent at initialization and/or during
>circuit restart. This lets the adjacent IS know what the remote IS possesses
>in its LSP database(s). Both sides of the link set the SRMflag for all LSPs
>contained within their respective LSP databases prior to sending the CSNPs
>(there are some rules which apply). The CSNP LSP Entries are then processed
>to determine if the LSP Databases are synchronized. CSNP referenced LSP
>Entries which are non-referenced or newer in the remote LSP Database are
>requested via a PSNP and/or transmitted as a result of the SRMflag being
>set. CSNP referenced LSP Entries which are non-existent or older in the
>remote LSP Database are updated by the local IS as a result of receiving a
>PSNP request or as a result of the SRMflag being set (one in the same). No
>action is taken for CSNP referenced LSP Entries which are the same (no PSNP
>sent, just clear the SRMflag, receipt of the same LSP is equal to receipt of
>a PSNP acknowledgement). Once an LSP has been received on a non-broadcast
>link, a PSNP is sent as an acknowledgement to that LSP.
>
>Hope this helps?
>
>Cheers,
>Ken Larmer
>
>_______________________________________________
>Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
>http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug  6 11:20:02 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Doubt on L2 router
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If a single level 2 router looses connectivity to the level 2 backbone then
this router will indicate in its L1 routing packets that it is not
"attached", thereby allowing level 1 routers in the area to route traffic
for outside of the area to a different L2 router. Level 1 routers therfore
route traffic to destinations outside of their area only to L2 routers which
indicate in their level 1 LSPs that they are "attached"

Coming back to your question .. yes the networks get blackholed !

There is no provision for use of L1 routers to repair a level 2 partition !

Hope this helps
Manav

----- Original Message -----
From: "Swati Rastogi" <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>
To: "isis-wg" <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Sent: Monday, August 06, 2001 8:32 PM
Subject: [Isis-wg] Doubt on L2 router


> Hi All,
> In OSPF if the designated router fails then the backup designated router
> takes over and all of this is done automatically. But in ISIS we have a
> router configured as a L2 router drilled in the profiles. What would
happen
> if this router goes down for some reason ? Since this is the only link via
> which the routers inside this area can communicate to the outside world.
> Does it imply that the routers are now blackholed !
>
> This would imply that the protocol has a single point of failure ..
>
> Regards,
> Swati Rastogi
>
>
> _________________________________________________________
> Do You Yahoo!?
> Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
>
> _______________________________________________
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> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg


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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Doubt on L2 router
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Date: Mon, 06 Aug 2001 11:45:21 -0400

At 11:02 AM 8/6/2001, Swati Rastogi wrote:
>Hi All,
>In OSPF if the designated router fails then the backup designated router
>takes over and all of this is done automatically. But in ISIS we have a
>router configured as a L2 router drilled in the profiles. What would happen
>if this router goes down for some reason ? Since this is the only link via
>which the routers inside this area can communicate to the outside world.
>Does it imply that the routers are now blackholed !

Are you confusing "designated router" with "L2 router"?
In IS-IS, they're separate -- there is one L1 designated router
on a LAN, and the election is automatic.  On a LAN with
more than one L2 router, there is also one L2 DR, and
it is elected in the same way.

If your L1 area has only one router connecting it to other
areas, then you have a single point of failure that has
nothing to do with IS-IS.  If your area has multiple
connections to other areas, then you don't.  (There is
also a practical requirement that your L2 routers are
connected within your area, either directly or by L2
routers, if your area is used for transit routes between
other areas.)


>This would imply that the protocol has a single point of failure ..
>
>Regards,
>Swati Rastogi
>
>
>_________________________________________________________
>Do You Yahoo!?
>Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
>
>_______________________________________________
>Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
>http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: isis-wg-admin@external.juniper.net
> [mailto:isis-wg-admin@external.juniper.net]On Behalf Of Jeff Learman
> Sent: Monday, August 06, 2001 11:45 AM
> To: Swati Rastogi
> Cc: isis-wg
> Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Doubt on L2 router
>
>
> At 11:02 AM 8/6/2001, Swati Rastogi wrote:
> >Hi All,
> >In OSPF if the designated router fails then the backup designated router
> >takes over and all of this is done automatically. But in ISIS we have a
> >router configured as a L2 router drilled in the profiles. What
> would happen
> >if this router goes down for some reason ? Since this is the
> only link via
> >which the routers inside this area can communicate to the outside world.
> >Does it imply that the routers are now blackholed !
>
> Are you confusing "designated router" with "L2 router"?
> In IS-IS, they're separate -- there is one L1 designated router
> on a LAN, and the election is automatic.  On a LAN with
> more than one L2 router, there is also one L2 DR, and
> it is elected in the same way.
>
> If your L1 area has only one router connecting it to other
> areas, then you have a single point of failure that has
> nothing to do with IS-IS.  If your area has multiple
> connections to other areas, then you don't.  (There is
> also a practical requirement that your L2 routers are
> connected within your area, either directly or by L2
> routers, if your area is used for transit routes between
> other areas.)

Of course, as with most things in life, there are exceptions. If you have an
IS, which has multiple L1 IS instances configured, in order to get between
L1 instances, some vendors set the Attached bit in the L1 LSP (LSP Number =
0)  which they generate. While this allows for connectivity between L1 areas
(each L1 IS instance is a separate L1 area "Sub-Domain"), it does not take
into account some of the basic rules Jeff mentioned for setting the attached
bit. That is, the attached bit will be set, regardless of whether or not
your L2 Instance is connected to another L2 area. As a consequence, you may
be able to get between L1 instances, but you may not be able to get outside
of the physical router you are connected to if the L2 backbone is not
contiguous. Or, you may take a less than desirable path to your destination
because the "nearest L2 router" may contain a less desirable route. This is
why it may make more sense in some situations to advertise an IP default
route instead of relying on the "Attached Bit".

Cheers,
Ken Larmer

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Manav,

Regarding IPv6 support in OSPF, we have RFC2740 (so-called OSPFv3)
for this purpose. There, each router needs to be assigned a unique
32-bit RID, but this does not mean that each router needs a unique
IPv4 address. RID is just an unsigned integer with no addressing
semantic.

Regarding the scalability comparison, you'll have to ask the vendor
you're using, as it depends on the actual implementations rather than
the properties of the protocols.

-- 
Alex Zinin

Monday, August 06, 2001, 3:08:03 PM, Jeff Learman wrote:

> At 09:21 AM 8/6/2001, Manav Bhatia wrote:
>>Thanks Jeff for the reply !
>>> of new TLV-encoded options.  I would guess that this is equally true for
>>> OSPF, although it may be necessary to continue to give each OSPF router
>>> an IPV4 address with certain uniqueness requirements.
>>But the very reason why IPv6 is coming into picture is the paucity of IPv4
>>addresses. So if OSPF has to support unique IPv4 addresses then how can it
>>work in an IPv6 environment ?

> First, I'm making a guess about OSPF.  Let's wait and see what someone
> with more OSPF knowledge says.  Second, there will be many more end
> systems than routers, so if only routers have IPV4 addresses, then
> there may be an order of magnitude or two of growth before the problem
> becomes critical again.  Also, I said that there were uniqueness
> requirements, but I don't know precisely what these uniqueness
> requirements are.  It is likely that routers belonging to one
> AS can use local IP addresses that are unique only within that AS.

>>Secondly, in the present scenario (IPv4) which is considreded as a better
>>IGP .. in terms of scalability ?

> Can't help you there!  Studies that I have done with IS-IS indicate
> that it is surprisingly scalable in terms of bandwidth usage, even
> with relatively unreliable routers with short MTBFs (like days!).
> The practical limit of IS-IS is probably related to its two-level
> hierarchy rather than N-level hierarchy.  Radia Perlman has ideas
> on how it could be extended to support that, but so far there is
> little interest.  Evidently the scalability limits of IS-IS have not
> been reached, or else those who run IS-IS and have scalability
> issues are not making themselves heard on this forum.

> The biggest problem with scalability will probably be how long it
> takes to stabilize after a topology change.  The greater the span
> of the sub-domain (area or routing domain), the greater the time.
> Multi-level IS-IS could be used to improve this, in hierarchical
> topologies that could take advantage of it.

> Regards,
> Jeff



>>Regards,
>>Manav
>>
>>
>>
>>_________________________________________________________
>>Do You Yahoo!?
>>Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com

> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg


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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] ISIS and OSPF
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Hi Alex,
Would this imply that OSPF is "as much ready" as ISIS for IPv6. If the IGP
being used is OSPF then we will have to run two copies on the dual IP stack
transition router ..but  as i understood with ISIS we can work with a single
copy of IGP running on the box.

If we run two instances of OSPF then we face the problems of resource
struggle, processor overheads, etc.

What I always thought was that ISIS might prove handy in such a situation.

Regards,
Swati Rastogi

----- Original Message -----
From: "Alex Zinin" <azinin@nexsi.com>
To: "Jeff Learman" <jlearman@cisco.com>
Cc: "Manav Bhatia" <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>; <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Sent: Tuesday, August 07, 2001 7:11 AM
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] ISIS and OSPF


> Manav,
>
> Regarding IPv6 support in OSPF, we have RFC2740 (so-called OSPFv3)
> for this purpose. There, each router needs to be assigned a unique
> 32-bit RID, but this does not mean that each router needs a unique
> IPv4 address. RID is just an unsigned integer with no addressing
> semantic.
>
> Regarding the scalability comparison, you'll have to ask the vendor
> you're using, as it depends on the actual implementations rather than
> the properties of the protocols.
>
> --
> Alex Zinin
>
> Monday, August 06, 2001, 3:08:03 PM, Jeff Learman wrote:
>
> > At 09:21 AM 8/6/2001, Manav Bhatia wrote:
> >>Thanks Jeff for the reply !
> >>> of new TLV-encoded options.  I would guess that this is equally true
for
> >>> OSPF, although it may be necessary to continue to give each OSPF
router
> >>> an IPV4 address with certain uniqueness requirements.
> >>But the very reason why IPv6 is coming into picture is the paucity of
IPv4
> >>addresses. So if OSPF has to support unique IPv4 addresses then how can
it
> >>work in an IPv6 environment ?
>
> > First, I'm making a guess about OSPF.  Let's wait and see what someone
> > with more OSPF knowledge says.  Second, there will be many more end
> > systems than routers, so if only routers have IPV4 addresses, then
> > there may be an order of magnitude or two of growth before the problem
> > becomes critical again.  Also, I said that there were uniqueness
> > requirements, but I don't know precisely what these uniqueness
> > requirements are.  It is likely that routers belonging to one
> > AS can use local IP addresses that are unique only within that AS.
>
> >>Secondly, in the present scenario (IPv4) which is considreded as a
better
> >>IGP .. in terms of scalability ?
>
> > Can't help you there!  Studies that I have done with IS-IS indicate
> > that it is surprisingly scalable in terms of bandwidth usage, even
> > with relatively unreliable routers with short MTBFs (like days!).
> > The practical limit of IS-IS is probably related to its two-level
> > hierarchy rather than N-level hierarchy.  Radia Perlman has ideas
> > on how it could be extended to support that, but so far there is
> > little interest.  Evidently the scalability limits of IS-IS have not
> > been reached, or else those who run IS-IS and have scalability
> > issues are not making themselves heard on this forum.
>
> > The biggest problem with scalability will probably be how long it
> > takes to stabilize after a topology change.  The greater the span
> > of the sub-domain (area or routing domain), the greater the time.
> > Multi-level IS-IS could be used to improve this, in hierarchical
> > topologies that could take advantage of it.
>
> > Regards,
> > Jeff
>
>
>
> >>Regards,
> >>Manav
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>_________________________________________________________
> >>Do You Yahoo!?
> >>Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
>
> > _______________________________________________
> > Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
>
>
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug  7 06:28:55 2001
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Swati,

> Hi Alex,
> Would this imply that OSPF is "as much ready" as ISIS for IPv6.

Shoot higher, OSPFv3 is already deployed.

> If the IGP
> being used is OSPF then we will have to run two copies on the dual IP stack
> transition router ..

Yes, if you need the same box to route both IPv4 and IPv6, you'll
have to have OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 running on it.

> but  as i understood with ISIS we can work with a single
> copy of IGP running on the box.

Correct.

> If we run two instances of OSPF then we face the problems of resource
> struggle, processor overheads, etc.

For some reason, this does not scare me much.
Routers already run multiple instances of an IGP. Also, think
about an IGP running together with BGP. This does not mean,
however, that I do not see the difference between one process vs
2 processes.

> What I always thought was that ISIS might prove handy in such a situation.

The fact that ISIS uses L2 as the transport has its pros and its cons.
One of its beauties is that the basic mechanisms (interface, neighbor
LSDB maintenance, etc.) are completely independent from the L3
semantics. Same beauty can byte you sometimes though, but there ain't
no such thing as a free lunch. :)


Alex.


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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug  7 17:46:44 2001
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Date: Tue, 7 Aug 2001 17:44:08 -0400

Folks,

I have some comments on the draft that I'd like to address with the WG.  I
apologize for cutting this so close to the meeting, but this is the first
chance I've had to address it.

A while back I began considering how IS-IS could be made to support PTP
behavior over BMA networks.  The driving force behind this was primarily the
ability to assign arbitrary, per-neighbor metric information to individual
neighbors.  A second benefit would be the elimination of pseudonode exposion
when a large amount of PTP LAN links were used to interconnect routers.  I
sent an email detailing the need to the WG, but there was little response.
Some notable vendors also displayed little interest.  The only suggestion I
received, in fact, was to use PPPoE!  After reviewing the draft, I have some
concern about the utility of the proposal, and whether or not it satisfies a
real need.  While it does have merit and will help in many situations, the
scope should be expanded to address some more complex situations.  Comments
of course are welcome.

In regards to OSPF:

OSPF currently supports NBMA networks.  What we are attempting to do here is
create PtMP (of where MP can be P if there are only two nodes on a LAN)
networks out of BMA networks in order to support PTP type behavior, from a
Djiktsra perspective, correct?  This is in OSPF today.  You can build NBNA
networks on LANs and specify neighbors explicitly, with associated metrics.
The Hello's and LSA exchange is PTP, using ARP for next-hop MAC resoultion
based on the configured neighbor IP.  As I see it, the only benefit the
draft provides is the elimination of DR election (and the corresponding
elimination of pseudonodes on PTP links), which can be done by making the
interface point-to-multipoint (although requiring configuration).  The major
vendors support this feature today (I use it!).  

In regards to IS-IS:

This was the tricky part, as there was nothing in 10589 or 1195 (or any
subsequent draft) that proposes how to do this.  Furthermore, the
interaction between CLNS and IP makes the address resolution issue a bit
trickier.  Anyway, here is what I was thinking of.

1) Create support for point-to-multipoint in IS-IS.  This has some
additional benefit outside of the scope of LANs, as it allows the protocol
to be used on real NBMA networks like Frame Relay and ATM.  The way to do
this is either cumbersome for the vendor or cumbersome for the operator.  It
also may break the current separation between subnetwork-dependent and
independent functions, which may not sit well with ISO (or some IETF
members).  Let's address 802.3 networks first.

As I see it, ISIS Hellos should be sent as PTP hellos.  This means sending
them to a MAC address and an interface.  The interface is then made
point-to-multipoint.  For each configured adjacency, assign a circuit ID
based on the current mechanism in 10589.  The PTP hellos must be
encapsulated in 802.3 frames, of course, but they should be unicast.  CSNP
should not be sent every 10 seconds, but rather in response to SRM flag
changes, etc.

Every router knows how to forward traffic across a LAN without passing it
through the DIS, based on SNPA information from adjacencies.  Forwarding
would be still based on SNPA information, which is easily extracted from the
configured MAC address of the neighbor (hence, the adjacency).  An
additional feature could be to address the neighbors based on NSAP, and then
use ES-IS or some other address resolution mechanism to determine the MAC
address.  Either way, forwarding is an issue local to the router, and should
not be much of an issue.  This is where the 'cumbersome-ness' shifts.

As far as switched WANs, the same principles could be applied.  However,
there is the issue of mapping NSAPs to layer 2 circuit IDs (DLCIs, VCCs,
etc) that isn't addressed outside of X.25 in ISO (AFAIK).  This may be too
much of an undertaking, although it may be worth consideration if there is
sufficient interest.   Some possiblilities would be to use static mapping of
NSAPs to l2cid, which is common today, and then specifiy the neighbor, the
interface, and the metric.

Finally, this information could be extended to support
draft-ietf-isis-traffic-03.txt, by including link coloring, reserved
bandwidth, etc, although the RSVP piece becomes trickier in the way it is
encoded on LANs and in the way one reserves bandwidth across virtual
adjacencies in a shared media environment.  Either way, they are workable
issues, and should be addressed given the growing ubiquity of TE-extension
support.

In summary:

1) Keep the changes at the subnetwork-dependent layer as much as possible,
i.e., make IS-IS think that a LAN link is a PTP link (or a collection of PtP
links).  This makes the modifications easier, development-wise.

2) Allow for both directly connected routers using LAN media as well as
directed adjacencies across BMA networks for metric adjustment.

3) If the specification is about removing DR election (which as it stands
now, it is), state this explicitly.  I still think this does not address all
the issues, particlularly, the use of switches as media termination and
router hubbing devices.

4) Optionally allow IS-IS to use NSAP addresses as neighbors and build some
kind of address resolution mechanism to direct PTP hellos to the appropriate
MAC address.

5) Allow per neighbor metric adjustment, and possibly pseudolink coloring
and reservable/reserved BW info.

6) Optionally consider mechanisms to build NBMA support into IS-IS for
switched WAN media.  PtMP mode would be best, although it requires
additional flooding, etc.  NBMA mode, as in OSPF, is nice but may be
difficult to do in most cases (except for SMDS)   ~8^>

7) If it is desired to just turn a LAN link into a PTP link, then this is
fine.  However, if what I propose is acceptable, then the error checking
portion of the draft needs to be modified to check for PtMP behavior first.

Finally, I would think that OSPF implementation modifications should be
submitted separately to the OSPF-WG, and not to the IS-IS WG.  As stated
earlier, a good deal of the desired functionality specified in the draft is
already specified in RFC 2328 and later versions, so it may be unnecessary.

Sorry this is so late - you may treat these comments as my contribution to
the London meeting, in absentia of course.  ;)

Best Regards,
  -chris
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Hi All,
This is slightly off-track but any help in this regard will be really very
much appreciated.

Here goes my long list of doubts

(1) Is CLNP (OSI) analogous to IP (TCP/IP) .. If so then why have i never
come across a CLNP packet format (analogy .. we have IP packet formats)
(2) Routing is making sure that a packet reaches the destination safe 'n
sound .. while a routing protocol ensures that the out of the available
paths choosing the best one. So if ISIS runs along IP then who is taking
care of the "routing" aspect i.e taking the packet from the source to the
destination. ISIS is a routing protocol and its job shud be to just choose
the optimal path .. once its done that it can then hand over the packet to
CLNP for forwarding .. So where did i loose the track ??
(3) In my transport layer i could be running tp0, tp1, tp2 etc. How does the
routing module know which transport layer to forward the packet to. There is
only 1 byte field "SEL" aka selector in the NSAP addressing .. is this used
to determine this ??
To summarize .. how when a module recvs a packet from the data link layer
determines whether to use CONP or CLNP in the networking layer and then
later which transport layer protocol is to be used in the transport layer!

Which transport layer protocol does ISIS use ??

Please Help .. i am very confused with all the OSI terminology !

Thanks and Regards,
Swati





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Date: Wed, 8 Aug 2001 05:32:11 +0100
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Christian,

 A comment regarding OSPF---essentially, we're not changing
 anything in OSPF, we're only saying an implementation should
 be able to treat LAN link as a p2p network type.

 Your suggestion to implement p2mp in ISIS might make sense in a
 generic context, however, it would introduce unnecessary
 complexity to the p2p lan case, which is addressed simply
 by (again) treating the link as p2p (and hence automagically
 sending p2p iih's, using psnps, etc.) and agreeing on
 the MAC address.

 I think if there's enough interest in p2mp in ISIS, it should
 be addressed separately.

 Wrt the merits of the draft, it's not only eliminating
 DR/DIS election, it is also reducing the number of LSAs/LSPs in
 the domain, some flooding benefits, using ip unnumbered, etc.

 If you see any problems that are not addressed within the
 context of the draft, please elaborate.

 Regarding a separate OSPF doc, I don't see the critical mass
 of changes in OSPF (in fact, there are none) to justify splitting
 of a complete document.

 Thanks,
 
-- 
Alex Zinin

Tuesday, August 07, 2001, 10:44:08 PM, Martin, Christian wrote:

> Folks,

> I have some comments on the draft that I'd like to address with the WG.  I
> apologize for cutting this so close to the meeting, but this is the first
> chance I've had to address it.

> A while back I began considering how IS-IS could be made to support PTP
> behavior over BMA networks.  The driving force behind this was primarily the
> ability to assign arbitrary, per-neighbor metric information to individual
> neighbors.  A second benefit would be the elimination of pseudonode exposion
> when a large amount of PTP LAN links were used to interconnect routers.  I
> sent an email detailing the need to the WG, but there was little response.
> Some notable vendors also displayed little interest.  The only suggestion I
> received, in fact, was to use PPPoE!  After reviewing the draft, I have some
> concern about the utility of the proposal, and whether or not it satisfies a
> real need.  While it does have merit and will help in many situations, the
> scope should be expanded to address some more complex situations.  Comments
> of course are welcome.

> In regards to OSPF:

> OSPF currently supports NBMA networks.  What we are attempting to do here is
> create PtMP (of where MP can be P if there are only two nodes on a LAN)
> networks out of BMA networks in order to support PTP type behavior, from a
> Djiktsra perspective, correct?  This is in OSPF today.  You can build NBNA
> networks on LANs and specify neighbors explicitly, with associated metrics.
> The Hello's and LSA exchange is PTP, using ARP for next-hop MAC resoultion
> based on the configured neighbor IP.  As I see it, the only benefit the
> draft provides is the elimination of DR election (and the corresponding
> elimination of pseudonodes on PTP links), which can be done by making the
> interface point-to-multipoint (although requiring configuration).  The major
> vendors support this feature today (I use it!).  

> In regards to IS-IS:

> This was the tricky part, as there was nothing in 10589 or 1195 (or any
> subsequent draft) that proposes how to do this.  Furthermore, the
> interaction between CLNS and IP makes the address resolution issue a bit
> trickier.  Anyway, here is what I was thinking of.

> 1) Create support for point-to-multipoint in IS-IS.  This has some
> additional benefit outside of the scope of LANs, as it allows the protocol
> to be used on real NBMA networks like Frame Relay and ATM.  The way to do
> this is either cumbersome for the vendor or cumbersome for the operator.  It
> also may break the current separation between subnetwork-dependent and
> independent functions, which may not sit well with ISO (or some IETF
> members).  Let's address 802.3 networks first.

> As I see it, ISIS Hellos should be sent as PTP hellos.  This means sending
> them to a MAC address and an interface.  The interface is then made
> point-to-multipoint.  For each configured adjacency, assign a circuit ID
> based on the current mechanism in 10589.  The PTP hellos must be
> encapsulated in 802.3 frames, of course, but they should be unicast.  CSNP
> should not be sent every 10 seconds, but rather in response to SRM flag
> changes, etc.

> Every router knows how to forward traffic across a LAN without passing it
> through the DIS, based on SNPA information from adjacencies.  Forwarding
> would be still based on SNPA information, which is easily extracted from the
> configured MAC address of the neighbor (hence, the adjacency).  An
> additional feature could be to address the neighbors based on NSAP, and then
> use ES-IS or some other address resolution mechanism to determine the MAC
> address.  Either way, forwarding is an issue local to the router, and should
> not be much of an issue.  This is where the 'cumbersome-ness' shifts.

> As far as switched WANs, the same principles could be applied.  However,
> there is the issue of mapping NSAPs to layer 2 circuit IDs (DLCIs, VCCs,
> etc) that isn't addressed outside of X.25 in ISO (AFAIK).  This may be too
> much of an undertaking, although it may be worth consideration if there is
> sufficient interest.   Some possiblilities would be to use static mapping of
> NSAPs to l2cid, which is common today, and then specifiy the neighbor, the
> interface, and the metric.

> Finally, this information could be extended to support
> draft-ietf-isis-traffic-03.txt, by including link coloring, reserved
> bandwidth, etc, although the RSVP piece becomes trickier in the way it is
> encoded on LANs and in the way one reserves bandwidth across virtual
> adjacencies in a shared media environment.  Either way, they are workable
> issues, and should be addressed given the growing ubiquity of TE-extension
> support.

> In summary:

> 1) Keep the changes at the subnetwork-dependent layer as much as possible,
> i.e., make IS-IS think that a LAN link is a PTP link (or a collection of PtP
> links).  This makes the modifications easier, development-wise.

> 2) Allow for both directly connected routers using LAN media as well as
> directed adjacencies across BMA networks for metric adjustment.

> 3) If the specification is about removing DR election (which as it stands
> now, it is), state this explicitly.  I still think this does not address all
> the issues, particlularly, the use of switches as media termination and
> router hubbing devices.

> 4) Optionally allow IS-IS to use NSAP addresses as neighbors and build some
> kind of address resolution mechanism to direct PTP hellos to the appropriate
> MAC address.

> 5) Allow per neighbor metric adjustment, and possibly pseudolink coloring
> and reservable/reserved BW info.

> 6) Optionally consider mechanisms to build NBMA support into IS-IS for
> switched WAN media.  PtMP mode would be best, although it requires
> additional flooding, etc.  NBMA mode, as in OSPF, is nice but may be
> difficult to do in most cases (except for SMDS)   ~8^>

> 7) If it is desired to just turn a LAN link into a PTP link, then this is
> fine.  However, if what I propose is acceptable, then the error checking
> portion of the draft needs to be modified to check for PtMP behavior first.

> Finally, I would think that OSPF implementation modifications should be
> submitted separately to the OSPF-WG, and not to the IS-IS WG.  As stated
> earlier, a good deal of the desired functionality specified in the draft is
> already specified in RFC 2328 and later versions, so it may be unnecessary.

> Sorry this is so late - you may treat these comments as my contribution to
> the London meeting, in absentia of course.  ;)

> Best Regards,
>   -chris
> _______________________________________________
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Subject: [Isis-wg] RE: draft-shen-isis-ospf-p2p-over-lan-01.txt
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Date: Wed, 8 Aug 2001 01:53:07 -0400

Alex,

Thanks for the response.  Comments inline...


> Christian,
> 
>  A comment regarding OSPF---essentially, we're not changing
>  anything in OSPF, we're only saying an implementation should
>  be able to treat LAN link as a p2p network type.

Understood.

> 
>  Your suggestion to implement p2mp in ISIS might make sense in a
>  generic context, however, it would introduce unnecessary
>  complexity to the p2p lan case, which is addressed simply
>  by (again) treating the link as p2p (and hence automagically
>  sending p2p iih's, using psnps, etc.) and agreeing on
>  the MAC address.

This is one of the benefits I see.  I was hoping it could be extended to the
more general case.  It is not uncommon for routers to be connected via
switches to other routers in an attempt to minimize port costs and maximize
bandwidth.  If you connect 10 routers to a switch (in the same VLAN of
course), all costs (to the pseudonode) are the same.  Directed adjacencies
(while more complex, configuration-wise) are a cost effective way of
adjusting metrics without using dedicated, PTP links )or VLANs).

>  I think if there's enough interest in p2mp in ISIS, it should
>  be addressed separately.

Perhaps this should be the case.  I can generate a draft and submit it
separately.  Care to collaborate?

>  Wrt the merits of the draft, it's not only eliminating
>  DR/DIS election, it is also reducing the number of LSAs/LSPs in
>  the domain, some flooding benefits, using ip unnumbered, etc.

Many network operators feel that IP unnumbered presents several operational
drawbacks, particularly when troubleshooting link problems.  I for one am
not opposed to it, but I could not convince my Ops staff that there was
enough merit in reducing IP usage to justify the reduction in operational
utility of addressed links (for pinging, traceroute, ER-LSPs, etc).
Nevertheless, others may have this requirement, so I am not diametrically
opposed to it.  Either way, you mention this, so I am ok with it.

>  If you see any problems that are not addressed within the
>  context of the draft, please elaborate.

I don't disagree with anything in the draft - I just think that it is fairly
specific in scope.  By expanding the scope to a more generic case, a
specification and subsequent implementations would not need additional
rewrites to cover other requirements.

For what it's worth, the draft does do some nice things ( things that caused
me to scrap GigE for POP interconnect in favor of POS - at a higher cost per
Mb ).  I was just thinking that some additional work would yield an IS-IS
implementation that covered the generic case.

>  Regarding a separate OSPF doc, I don't see the critical mass
>  of changes in OSPF (in fact, there are none) to justify splitting
>  of a complete document.

I do not write code for a vendor, so I cannot in fairness speak to this
directly.  But I would think that the OSPF-WG would be interested in this
work, as it does require an implementation to treat a LAN as PTP - which may
not be trivial.  Just a thought.

> 
>  Thanks,
>  

Thanks, as well.

-chris

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  8 04:27:23 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] OSI ??
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>
> (1) Is CLNP (OSI) analogous to IP (TCP/IP) .. If so then why have i never
> come across a CLNP packet format (analogy .. we have IP packet formats)

Refer to ISO/IEC 8473, Section 7

> (2) Routing is making sure that a packet reaches the destination safe 'n
> sound .. while a routing protocol ensures that the out of the available
> paths choosing the best one. So if ISIS runs along IP then who is taking
> care of the "routing" aspect i.e taking the packet from the source to the
> destination. ISIS is a routing protocol and its job shud be to just choose
> the optimal path .. once its done that it can then hand over the packet to
> CLNP for forwarding .. So where did i loose the track ??

ISIS protocol is designed to work in close conjunction with ISO 8473 and ISO
9542. The latter is used to establish connectivity and reachability between
end systems and Intermediate systems. Data is carried by ISO 8473. It
provides connectionless mode network service.

> (3) In my transport layer i could be running tp0, tp1, tp2 etc. How does
the
> routing module know which transport layer to forward the packet to. There
is
> only 1 byte field "SEL" aka selector in the NSAP addressing .. is this
used
> to determine this ??

For ISIS you dont access the upper transport layer .. and hence you dont
need to know that ..
I hope i am right ..
SEL byte is always zero for Intermediate systems

> To summarize .. how when a module recvs a packet from the data link layer
> determines whether to use CONP or CLNP in the networking layer and then
> later which transport layer protocol is to be used in the transport layer!

The OSI pdu has a "network layer protocol identifier" parameter in its fixed
part .. which probably tells about whether its CLNP or CONP.

>
> Which transport layer protocol does ISIS use ??

It wont be running on top of any transport layer.

>
> Please Help .. i am very confused with all the OSI terminology !

Regards,
Manav Bhatia

>
> Thanks and Regards,
> Swati

>
> _______________________________________________
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  8 04:52:01 2001
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> > (2) Routing is making sure that a packet reaches the destination safe 'n
> > sound .. while a routing protocol ensures that the out of the available
> > paths choosing the best one. So if ISIS runs along IP then who is taking
> > care of the "routing" aspect i.e taking the packet from the source to
the
> > destination. ISIS is a routing protocol and its job shud be to just
choose
> > the optimal path .. once its done that it can then hand over the packet
to
> > CLNP for forwarding .. So where did i loose the track ??
>
> ISIS protocol is designed to work in close conjunction with ISO 8473 and
ISO
> 9542. The latter is used to establish connectivity and reachability
between
> end systems and Intermediate systems. Data is carried by ISO 8473. It
> provides connectionless mode network service.
>
Does it imply that all ISIS PDUs like L1 lan/p2p IIS Hello, L1/2 LSPs, L1/2
CSNPs, L1/2 PSNPs form the data part in the ISO 8473 data PDU ?
Quoting Jeff . .
" Be careful when you read "encapsulated in CLNS packets".  It is absolutely
correct, but does NOT mean that they are encapsulated in CLNP packets.  It
does mean that they are OSI connectionless layer three packets and therefore
begin with a Network Layer Protocol ID (variously called NPID, NLPI, or
NLPID).  After that first octet, IS-IS and CLNP headers have little in
common."

He says that ISIS packets are not encapsulated in CLNP packets .. Moreover
he also mentions that ISIS and CLNP headers have a little in common except
for NLPID ?
Does it imply that there will be different values in NLPID for CLNP,CONP and
ISIS packets ??

Pl. clarify

Thanks and Regards,
Swati





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Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2001 14:23:14 +0000

Hello,
I have some doubts related to the traffic engineering related draft 
associated with IS - IS. According to the Draft 
draft-ietf-isis-traffic-03.txt, certain TLVs are modified to add Information 
on traffic Engineering.
These are:
1. IS Reachability TLV
2. IP Reachability TLV

My questions:
Queries Regarding the Extended IS Reachability TLV
-------------------------------------------------------------
1. Sub TLV: 3        Description:    Administrative Group
Query:
a. Who assigns the Adminstrative Group for the Router. Is it a configurable 
parameter ?
b. Is this sub-TLV a must or optional ?
-------------------------------------------------------------
2. Sub TLV:   9, 10 & 11
Query:
a. How do we come to know about the Maximum Link bandwidth of the Link ?
b. Are there any Functional Computation for this purpose ?
c. Or can this be included as a configurable Parameter?
d. Is this sub-TLV a must or optional ?
--------------------------------------------------------------
3. Sub TLV: 18     Description: Traffic Engineering Default metric
Query:
a. Is this a configurable Parameter ?
b. Is this sub-TLV optional or must ?
------------------------------------------------------------
Queries Regarding Extended IP Reachability TLV
Are there any sub-TLVs defined for this TLV after the publishing of the 
draft ?
------------------------------------------------------------
I was also wondering if the implementation compliant with this draft is to 
transmit all the TLVs (IP internal reachibility, IP external reachibility 
and IP extended reachibility) or should it transmit either 2 or 1 of these 
depending on circumstances.

Can you please suggest any standard/draft that answers all my questions if 
at all there is any.

I shall be obliged to receive early response.
Thanking you in advance for all the responses.
Sachi


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Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2001 14:55:30 +0000

Hello,

I have some doubts related to the adjacency type. According to my 
understanding there are 3 different types of adjacencies: ES adjacency; L1 
adjacency; and L2 adjacency.

My question is:
Let me take a setup consisting of 3 IS: A, B and C.
where:-
IS B is a L1/L2 IS.
IS A is L1 only IS.
IS c is L2 only IS.
If c is adjacent to B, then the adjacency type between B and C should be L2 
adjacency. If A is adjacent to B, then should the adjacency type be L2 
adjacency or should it be L1 adjacenc?

I shall be obliged to get my doubt clarified.
Thanking you in advance for all the responses received.
Sachi

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Subject: [Isis-wg] Doubts on adjacency type
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Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2001 14:57:40 +0000

Hello,

I have some doubts related to the adjacency type. According to my 
understanding there are 3 different types of adjacencies: ES adjacency; L1 
adjacency; and L2 adjacency.

Let me take a setup consisting of 3 IS: A, B and C.
where:-
IS B is a L1/L2 IS.
IS A is L1 only IS.
IS c is L2 only IS.
If c is adjacent to B, then the adjacency type between B and C should be L2 
adjacency.

My question is:
If A is adjacent to B, then should the adjacency type be L2 adjacency or 
should it be L1 adjacenc?

I shall be obliged to get my doubt clarified.
Thanking you in advance for all the responses received.
Sachi

_________________________________________________________________
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  8 11:10:59 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Doubts on adjacency type
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Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2001 11:08:30 -0400
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Sachidananda K wrote:

> Hello,
>
> I have some doubts related to the adjacency type. According to my
> understanding there are 3 different types of adjacencies: ES adjacency; L1
> adjacency; and L2 adjacency.
>
> Let me take a setup consisting of 3 IS: A, B and C.
> where:-
> IS B is a L1/L2 IS.
> IS A is L1 only IS.
> IS c is L2 only IS.
> If c is adjacent to B, then the adjacency type between B and C should be L2
> adjacency.
>
> My question is:
> If A is adjacent to B, then should the adjacency type be L2 adjacency or
> should it be L1 adjacenc?
>

It will be an L1 adjacency ( of course in case there is at least one area
address in common )

--
Tayfun Gol


>
> I shall be obliged to get my doubt clarified.
> Thanking you in advance for all the responses received.
> Sachi
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
>
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Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2001 15:20:51 +0000

Hello,

I have some doubts related to the adjacency type. According to my 
understanding there are 3 different types of adjacencies: ES adjacency; L1 
adjacency; and L2 adjacency.

Let me take a setup consisting of 3 IS: A, B and C.
where:-
IS B is a L1/L2 IS.
IS A is L1 only IS.
IS c is L2 only IS.
If c is adjacent to B, then the adjacency type between B and C should be L2 
adjacency.

My question is:
If A is adjacent to B, then should the adjacency type be L2 adjacency or 
should it be L1 adjacency?

I shall be obliged to get my doubt clarified.
Thanking you in advance for all the responses received.
Sachi

_________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Adjacency type
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Hello,

Following your example.

C will make a L2 adjancency with B.
A will make an L1 adjacency with B.

A cannot make L2 adjacencies it is not configured to do so.

Basically a box with an interface configured to work at both levels
will make adjacencies with other box's at the levels at which they
are
configured. On a LAN a box will generate L1 and L2 hellos separately
to find adjacencies. On a p2p circuit there is only one hello type
and the circuit type field is used to determine whether the
advertiser
can make an L1, L2 or both adjacency.

Dave Humphrey

- -----Original Message-----
From: isis-wg-admin@external.juniper.net
[mailto:isis-wg-admin@external.juniper.net]On Behalf Of Sachidananda
K
Sent: 08 August 2001 15:56
To: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
Subject: [Isis-wg] Adjacency type


Hello,

I have some doubts related to the adjacency type. According to my 
understanding there are 3 different types of adjacencies: ES
adjacency; L1 
adjacency; and L2 adjacency.

My question is:
Let me take a setup consisting of 3 IS: A, B and C.
where:-
IS B is a L1/L2 IS.
IS A is L1 only IS.
IS c is L2 only IS.
If c is adjacent to B, then the adjacency type between B and C should
be L2 
adjacency. If A is adjacent to B, then should the adjacency type be
L2 
adjacency or should it be L1 adjacenc?

I shall be obliged to get my doubt clarified.
Thanking you in advance for all the responses received.
Sachi

_________________________________________________________________
Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at
http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp

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Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2001 13:40:33 -0400


Swati,

At 11:06 AM 8/7/2001, Swati Rastogi wrote:
>Hi All,
>This is slightly off-track but any help in this regard will be really very
>much appreciated.
>
>Here goes my long list of doubts
>
>(1) Is CLNP (OSI) analogous to IP (TCP/IP) .. If so then why have i never
>come across a CLNP packet format (analogy .. we have IP packet formats)

Yes, CLNP provides very similar services to IP.  You don't see
packet formats everywhere because it never became popular -- mostly
because of the incredible success of IP.

>(2) Routing is making sure that a packet reaches the destination safe 'n
>sound .. while a routing protocol ensures that the out of the available
>paths choosing the best one. So if ISIS runs along IP then who is taking
>care of the "routing" aspect i.e taking the packet from the source to the
>destination. 

IS-IS sends its packets directly over the link layer -- IP is not
involved.  There are two exceptions to this, (a) partition repair
tunneling and (b) Integrated IS-IS over IP tunnels.  (a) didn't
work until a rather recent correction, and (b) was never popular.
Ignore both of these until you have everything else VERY well
understood.

>ISIS is a routing protocol and its job shud be to just choose
>the optimal path .. once its done that it can then hand over the packet to
>CLNP for forwarding .. So where did i loose the track ??

You are correct and that's how it works.


>(3) In my transport layer i could be running tp0, tp1, tp2 etc. How does the
>routing module know which transport layer to forward the packet to. There is
>only 1 byte field "SEL" aka selector in the NSAP addressing .. is this used
>to determine this ??
>To summarize .. how when a module recvs a packet from the data link layer
>determines whether to use CONP or CLNP in the networking layer and then
>later which transport layer protocol is to be used in the transport layer!

These are not IS-IS questions, so I will reply separately.

>Which transport layer protocol does ISIS use ??

None, as mentioned above.


>Please Help .. i am very confused with all the OSI terminology !

You're not the first!

>Thanks and Regards,
>Swati
>_________________________________________________________
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>Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] OSI ??
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Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2001 13:42:05 -0400

At 04:53 AM 8/8/2001, Swati Rastogi wrote:
>> > (2) Routing is making sure that a packet reaches the destination safe 'n
>> > sound .. while a routing protocol ensures that the out of the available
>> > paths choosing the best one. So if ISIS runs along IP then who is taking
>> > care of the "routing" aspect i.e taking the packet from the source to
>the
>> > destination. ISIS is a routing protocol and its job shud be to just
>choose
>> > the optimal path .. once its done that it can then hand over the packet
>to
>> > CLNP for forwarding .. So where did i loose the track ??
>>
>> ISIS protocol is designed to work in close conjunction with ISO 8473 and
>ISO
>> 9542. The latter is used to establish connectivity and reachability
>between
>> end systems and Intermediate systems. Data is carried by ISO 8473. It
>> provides connectionless mode network service.
>>
>Does it imply that all ISIS PDUs like L1 lan/p2p IIS Hello, L1/2 LSPs, L1/2
>CSNPs, L1/2 PSNPs form the data part in the ISO 8473 data PDU ?
>Quoting Jeff . .

No, none of these are carried in the data part of the 8473 data PDU.

>" Be careful when you read "encapsulated in CLNS packets".  It is absolutely
>correct, but does NOT mean that they are encapsulated in CLNP packets.  It
>does mean that they are OSI connectionless layer three packets and therefore
>begin with a Network Layer Protocol ID (variously called NPID, NLPI, or
>NLPID).  After that first octet, IS-IS and CLNP headers have little in
>common."
>
>He says that ISIS packets are not encapsulated in CLNP packets .. Moreover
>he also mentions that ISIS and CLNP headers have a little in common except
>for NLPID ?
>Does it imply that there will be different values in NLPID for CLNP,CONP and
>ISIS packets ??

Yes, except for CONS, which is more complicated (remember, the network
access protocol for CONS is X.25, and there is no standard protocol
to implement X.25 in the service provider's network).

CLNP is 0x81, ESIS is 0x82, ISIS is 0x83, IDRP has 0x84 (but doesn't
use it), and Network Layer Security Protocol (ISO NLSP) uses 0x85.

Jeff

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  8 13:54:25 2001
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From: "Ken Larmer" <Larmer@commsense.net>
To: <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>, "Swati Rastogi" <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>
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Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] OSI ??
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Hi,

	Let me try to explain the difference between CLNS (Connection-Less Network
Service) and CONS (Connection-Oriented Network Service). Furthermore, I will
attempt to explain their use with IS-IS (OSI only) and I will then attempt
to tie their use with Integrated IS-IS (Dual OSI and IP).

	One must remember that OSI was conceived in the 1980s by Digital with its
primary reason being to increase DECnet Phase IV address space. Thus,
Digital designed DECnet Phase V, which in turn spawned the better part of
OSI. In the 1980s the predominate LAN technology was Ethernet and the
predominate WAN technology was X.25. Ethernet circuits are considered to be
Connection-Less, while X.25 networks are considered to be
Connection-Oriented.

The difference being that when an ES wants to transmit a data packet across
an Ethernet, it simply sends it to the destination or to the default router.
There is no need to establish a prior connection because all MTU sizes
should be the same and there is no need to negotiate flow-control below the
transport layer. However, on an X.25 network, an ES or IS must setup the
connection to the remote DTE prior to transmission of data packets. X.25 has
many negotiable options for data transfer, there are really no defaults, per
say!

	So, CONS was employed as a mechanism for communicating with ISO-8208 X.25
packet switch networks to facilitate call setup, parameter negotiation,
circuit maintenance and call teardown. SNDCF (Sub-Network Dependent
Convergence Functions) are utilized by the OSI network layer to communicate
with the X.25 PLP (Packet Level Protocol) for execution of these DTE
functions. Through this CONS mechanism, we can setup, maintain and teardown
SVCs between X.25 DTEs.

Furthermore, since X.25 already possessed a method for guaranteed delivery
(LAPB – Link Access Procedure Balanced) at the datalink DTE<>DCE and packet
sequencing at the X.25 network layer DTE<cloud>DTE, there is no need to
sequence packets at the transport layer when using a CONS network. So, most
applications (both of them :^) use OSI TP0 or TP2 for an OSI Transport
mechanism across CONS networks. TP0 and TP2 are much like UDP.

	Ethernet on the other hand does not require call establishment prior to
transport of data. So, CLNS is used to communicate across this type of
network. Since there is no guaranteed delivery mechanism with Ethernet
(Broadcast circuits for that matter), we need to make sure we use a
higher-layer to guarantee delivery of packets. This is where OSI TP4 comes
into play. OSI TP4 is much like TCP in that it sequences packets and
basically guarantees their delivery.

	Now, how does this tie into CLNP (Connection-Less Network Protocol) and the
format of OSI packets? Well, both CONS and CLNS networks transfer OSI data
in CLNP packet formats.

On a CLNS Ethernet network, OSI packets are exchanged using IEEE 802.3
formatted ethernet frames. The data portion of an IEEE 802.3 frame, which is
carrying OSI data, must have as its first octet a value of 128 (81 hex) =
OSI data packet, 129 (82 hex) ES-IS control packet or 130 (83 hex) IS-IS
control packet. This first octet is referred to as the NLPID (Network Layer
Protocol Identifier) for ES-IS and OSI data and error packets and as IRPD
(Intradomain Routing Protocol Discriminator) for IS-IS control packets. This
is how the packet is passed up the stack to the proper network layer entity.

	On a CONS X.25 network, OSI packets are exchanged as USER DATA contained
within the X.25- PLP. Again, the first octet in the user data portion of an
X.25 packet, must have as its first octet a value of 128 (81 hex) = OSI data
packet. ES-IS and IS-IS are not normally run over an X.25 circuit. Instead
most implementations of OSI/X.25 only allow for SVCs or DED (Dynamically
Established Datalinks). In most cases, the OSI network layer uses X.121
addresses (X.25 DTE addresses), extracted from X.121 formatted NSAPs to
signal the correct DTE for the call setup to the remote DTE. Another reason
for not running ES-IS or IS-IS over an X.25 network is because some PSNs
charge by the packet. Static routes are much cheaper.

	An IS-IS OSI-only router will exchange IS-IS and ES-IS control data
encapsulated in a CLNP packet. An IS-IS OSI-only router will also forward
OSI data in a CLNP packet. An Integrated IS-IS IP-only router will exchange
IS-IS control data encapsulated in a CLNP packet. An IS-IS IP-only router
will forward IP data in an IP encapsulated packet. It will NOT exchange any
ES-IS control data nor will it forward any OSI data, just IP data in its
native format. An Integrated IS-IS Dual router will act as both an OSI-only
router and IP-only router.

	Finally, the SEL (Selector) portion of an NSAP, though not defined by any
ISO docs in this manner, was used by Digital to signal the Network layer of
a DECnet Phase V system to send this packet to either the NSP (DECnet Phase
IV transport) or OSI Transport.

Hope this helps?

Cheers,
Ken Larmer

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Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2001 11:08:24 -0700


Martin,
	some comments inline, thanks.

 ]Folks,
 ]
 ]I have some comments on the draft that I'd like to address with the WG.  I
 ]apologize for cutting this so close to the meeting, but this is the first
 ]chance I've had to address it.
 ]
 ]A while back I began considering how IS-IS could be made to support PTP
 ]behavior over BMA networks.  The driving force behind this was primarily the
 ]ability to assign arbitrary, per-neighbor metric information to individual
 ]neighbors.  A second benefit would be the elimination of pseudonode exposion
 ]when a large amount of PTP LAN links were used to interconnect routers.  I
 ]sent an email detailing the need to the WG, but there was little response.
 ]Some notable vendors also displayed little interest.  The only suggestion I
 ]received, in fact, was to use PPPoE!  After reviewing the draft, I have some
 ]concern about the utility of the proposal, and whether or not it satisfies a
 ]real need.  While it does have merit and will help in many situations, the
 ]scope should be expanded to address some more complex situations.  Comments
 ]of course are welcome.
 ]
 ]In regards to OSPF:
 ]
 ]OSPF currently supports NBMA networks.  What we are attempting to do here is
 ]create PtMP (of where MP can be P if there are only two nodes on a LAN)
 ]networks out of BMA networks in order to support PTP type behavior, from a
 ]Djiktsra perspective, correct?  This is in OSPF today.  You can build NBNA
 ]networks on LANs and specify neighbors explicitly, with associated metrics.
 ]The Hello's and LSA exchange is PTP, using ARP for next-hop MAC resoultion
 ]based on the configured neighbor IP.  As I see it, the only benefit the
 ]draft provides is the elimination of DR election (and the corresponding
 ]elimination of pseudonodes on PTP links), which can be done by making the
 ]interface point-to-multipoint (although requiring configuration).  The major
 ]vendors support this feature today (I use it!).  

no comments on OSPF;-)

 ]
 ]In regards to IS-IS:
 ]
 ]This was the tricky part, as there was nothing in 10589 or 1195 (or any
 ]subsequent draft) that proposes how to do this.  Furthermore, the
 ]interaction between CLNS and IP makes the address resolution issue a bit
 ]trickier.  Anyway, here is what I was thinking of.

general comment is that, this draft is an ietf draft, we are trying to solve
some real problems on today's Internet, no attempt is made here trying to
tie this into clns and make it so complicated so no prograss will be made
for years to come. This draft only needs some very simple changes(almost
no changes to the existing protocols) and make the p2p over LAN work for
the IP protocol. it's so simple that it's almost emberassing to make it
as an Internet draft:-)
For most of the current router implementations, the major change proposed
from this draft is to add a configuration knob. that's probably it.

 ]
 ]1) Create support for point-to-multipoint in IS-IS.  This has some
 ]additional benefit outside of the scope of LANs, as it allows the protocol
 ]to be used on real NBMA networks like Frame Relay and ATM.  The way to do
 ]this is either cumbersome for the vendor or cumbersome for the operator.  It
 ]also may break the current separation between subnetwork-dependent and
 ]independent functions, which may not sit well with ISO (or some IETF
 ]members).  Let's address 802.3 networks first.

My feeling is this, isis does not have NBMA for so long since OSPF has 
"invented" it, with atm/frame relay "legacy" services less popular
these days, i don't see a requirement to do this in ISIS for now.
Even with OSPF, as i remember when i was with previous companies,
we alwasy "advise" customers to use point-to-point when link-state
protocols are used for obvious reasons the problems NBMA has.
Yes, we can develop the nbma for isis, then adapt the nbma for the
LAN, but don't think it's worth the effort.

 ]
 ]As I see it, ISIS Hellos should be sent as PTP hellos.  This means sending
 ]them to a MAC address and an interface.  The interface is then made
 ]point-to-multipoint.  For each configured adjacency, assign a circuit ID
 ]based on the current mechanism in 10589.  The PTP hellos must be
 ]encapsulated in 802.3 frames, of course, but they should be unicast.  CSNP
 ]should not be sent every 10 seconds, but rather in response to SRM flag
 ]changes, etc.
 ]
 ]Every router knows how to forward traffic across a LAN without passing it
 ]through the DIS, based on SNPA information from adjacencies.  Forwarding
 ]would be still based on SNPA information, which is easily extracted from the
 ]configured MAC address of the neighbor (hence, the adjacency).  An
 ]additional feature could be to address the neighbors based on NSAP, and then
 ]use ES-IS or some other address resolution mechanism to determine the MAC
 ]address.  Either way, forwarding is an issue local to the router, and should
 ]not be much of an issue.  This is where the 'cumbersome-ness' shifts.
 ]
 ]As far as switched WANs, the same principles could be applied.  However,
 ]there is the issue of mapping NSAPs to layer 2 circuit IDs (DLCIs, VCCs,
 ]etc) that isn't addressed outside of X.25 in ISO (AFAIK).  This may be too
 ]much of an undertaking, although it may be worth consideration if there is
 ]sufficient interest.   Some possiblilities would be to use static mapping of
 ]NSAPs to l2cid, which is common today, and then specifiy the neighbor, the
 ]interface, and the metric.
 ]
 ]Finally, this information could be extended to support
 ]draft-ietf-isis-traffic-03.txt, by including link coloring, reserved
 ]bandwidth, etc, although the RSVP piece becomes trickier in the way it is
 ]encoded on LANs and in the way one reserves bandwidth across virtual
 ]adjacencies in a shared media environment.  Either way, they are workable
 ]issues, and should be addressed given the growing ubiquity of TE-extension
 ]support.

when a circuit is a p2p-over-lan, it's just an p2p circuit to IGP, nothing
says it can't carry TE TLV in it's LSPs.

 ]
 ]In summary:
 ]
 ]1) Keep the changes at the subnetwork-dependent layer as much as possible,
 ]i.e., make IS-IS think that a LAN link is a PTP link (or a collection of PtP
 ]links).  This makes the modifications easier, development-wise.

this draft only lets level-3 IGP knows this interface is a "p2p", no one else
needs to know that. So the IGP thinks this is a p2p interface, and lower
layer thinks(actually it is) a broadcast interface, that's it.

 ]
 ]2) Allow for both directly connected routers using LAN media as well as
 ]directed adjacencies across BMA networks for metric adjustment.
 ]
 ]3) If the specification is about removing DR election (which as it stands
 ]now, it is), state this explicitly.  I still think this does not address all
 ]the issues, particlularly, the use of switches as media termination and
 ]router hubbing devices.

well, it's a p2p circuit to IGP, no DR is needed, there is no need to
explitely say that no DR election is needed on a p2p circuit. DR is only
relavernt to IGP, not to layer two or below.

I don't see how using a switch in the middle will change anything, swich
is a layer two device, and we don't change anything on layer two here.


 ]
 ]4) Optionally allow IS-IS to use NSAP addresses as neighbors and build some
 ]kind of address resolution mechanism to direct PTP hellos to the appropriate
 ]MAC address.

if you mean to include mac address resolution for clns, we don't try to
do this here.

 ]
 ]5) Allow per neighbor metric adjustment, and possibly pseudolink coloring
 ]and reservable/reserved BW info.

metric you of course can adjust, it's an isis circuit. color or other TE
attributes is the same as normal p2p interface. you can do that too.

 ]
 ]6) Optionally consider mechanisms to build NBMA support into IS-IS for
 ]switched WAN media.  PtMP mode would be best, although it requires
 ]additional flooding, etc.  NBMA mode, as in OSPF, is nice but may be
 ]difficult to do in most cases (except for SMDS)   ~8^>

not in this draft, someone else can try.

 ]
 ]7) If it is desired to just turn a LAN link into a PTP link, then this is
 ]fine.  However, if what I propose is acceptable, then the error checking
 ]portion of the draft needs to be modified to check for PtMP behavior first.

not sure what error checking needs to be done, no ptmp attempt is being made.

 ]
 ]Finally, I would think that OSPF implementation modifications should be
 ]submitted separately to the OSPF-WG, and not to the IS-IS WG.  As stated
 ]earlier, a good deal of the desired functionality specified in the draft is
 ]already specified in RFC 2328 and later versions, so it may be unnecessary.

we can only submit into one working group, doesn't make sense to break this
draft into isis, ospf, arp, etc seperate portions.

the change on OSPF of this draft is that: NO CHANGE AT ALL.
we can't find arp working group.
so it goes into isis working group;-)

 ]
 ]Sorry this is so late - you may treat these comments as my contribution to
 ]the London meeting, in absentia of course.  ;)

appreciate for your comments.
thanks.

 ]
 ]Best Regards,
 ]  -chris
 ]_______________________________________________
 ]Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
 ]http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg

- Naiming
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Subject: [Isis-wg] Thanks !
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Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2001 00:44:46 +0530
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Hi All,
I am very grateful to James Carlson, Jeff Learman and Ken Larmer for all the
help they offered to me and the personal guidance .. as a result of which i
am able to understand most of the concepts which i was unable to grasp since
a last few months !

Thanks a lot !

With warm regards,
Swati Rastogi



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From: Les  Ginsberg <ginsberg@pluris.com>
To: "'Ken Larmer'" <Larmer@commsense.net>, isis-wg@spider.juniper.net,
        Swati Rastogi <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] OSI ??
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Date: Wed, 8 Aug 2001 12:51:20 -0700


Ken -

This is a good summary. A few minor corrections/clarifications.

As has been mentioned in other responses, but is worth reemphasis, IS-IS
PDUs are NOT encapsulated in CLNP PDUs as your text states below. IS-IS (as
well as ES-IS) are run directly over the link layer. They can be
de-multiplexed from CLNP PDUs by the initial byte in the NPDU - which is a
Network Layer Protocol Identifier(NLPID) in all three cases:

   CLNP - 0x81(129)
   ES-IS - 0x82(130)
   IS-IS - 0x83(131)

As far as the SEL byte is concerned, it should be intuitively thought of as
an ID for the network layer user. The NSAP associated with a network layer
user most often bears a close relationship to the network entity title(NET)
assigned to the Layer 3 protocol. (Although strict interpretation of ISO
addressing allows for a user NSAP to bear virtually no relationship to the
NET this is not commonly encountered and is, frankly, too bizarre to be
discussed.)

So, if the NET assigned consisted of:

   Area address:  49
   System ID:     1111.2222.3333
   Selector:      00 (Always)

then a network layer user on that box would have an NSAP which differed only
in the selector (i.e. 49.1111.2222.3333.xx).

There is no set of universally assigned values for the SEL byte. SEL's are
assigned within an administrative domain or by industry agreement. For
example, SONET(Bellcore/Telcordia) specifications assigned:

   01 - OSI transport
   AF - TL1 Address Resolution Protocol (I think I remember that value
correctly...)

In order for OSI transport layers to successfully communicate within a SONET
domain, these values would have to be used consistently.

In this context, DEC's use of the selector byte to direct NPDUs to the
appropriate transport layer is quite appropriate and consistent with OSI
addressing semantics.

   Les

> 
> Hi,
> 
> 	Let me try to explain the difference between CLNS 
> (Connection-Less Network
> Service) and CONS (Connection-Oriented Network Service). 
> Furthermore, I will
> attempt to explain their use with IS-IS (OSI only) and I will 
> then attempt
> to tie their use with Integrated IS-IS (Dual OSI and IP).
> 
> 	One must remember that OSI was conceived in the 1980s 
> by Digital with its
> primary reason being to increase DECnet Phase IV address space. Thus,
> Digital designed DECnet Phase V, which in turn spawned the 
> better part of
> OSI. In the 1980s the predominate LAN technology was Ethernet and the
> predominate WAN technology was X.25. Ethernet circuits are 
> considered to be
> Connection-Less, while X.25 networks are considered to be
> Connection-Oriented.
> 
> The difference being that when an ES wants to transmit a data 
> packet across
> an Ethernet, it simply sends it to the destination or to the 
> default router.
> There is no need to establish a prior connection because all MTU sizes
> should be the same and there is no need to negotiate 
> flow-control below the
> transport layer. However, on an X.25 network, an ES or IS 
> must setup the
> connection to the remote DTE prior to transmission of data 
> packets. X.25 has
> many negotiable options for data transfer, there are really 
> no defaults, per
> say!
> 
> 	So, CONS was employed as a mechanism for communicating 
> with ISO-8208 X.25
> packet switch networks to facilitate call setup, parameter 
> negotiation,
> circuit maintenance and call teardown. SNDCF (Sub-Network Dependent
> Convergence Functions) are utilized by the OSI network layer 
> to communicate
> with the X.25 PLP (Packet Level Protocol) for execution of these DTE
> functions. Through this CONS mechanism, we can setup, 
> maintain and teardown
> SVCs between X.25 DTEs.
> 
> Furthermore, since X.25 already possessed a method for 
> guaranteed delivery
> (LAPB - Link Access Procedure Balanced) at the datalink 
> DTE<>DCE and packet
> sequencing at the X.25 network layer DTE<cloud>DTE, there is 
> no need to
> sequence packets at the transport layer when using a CONS 
> network. So, most
> applications (both of them :^) use OSI TP0 or TP2 for an OSI Transport
> mechanism across CONS networks. TP0 and TP2 are much like UDP.
> 
> 	Ethernet on the other hand does not require call 
> establishment prior to
> transport of data. So, CLNS is used to communicate across this type of
> network. Since there is no guaranteed delivery mechanism with Ethernet
> (Broadcast circuits for that matter), we need to make sure we use a
> higher-layer to guarantee delivery of packets. This is where 
> OSI TP4 comes
> into play. OSI TP4 is much like TCP in that it sequences packets and
> basically guarantees their delivery.
> 
> 	Now, how does this tie into CLNP (Connection-Less 
> Network Protocol) and the
> format of OSI packets? Well, both CONS and CLNS networks 
> transfer OSI data
> in CLNP packet formats.
> 
> On a CLNS Ethernet network, OSI packets are exchanged using IEEE 802.3
> formatted ethernet frames. The data portion of an IEEE 802.3 
> frame, which is
> carrying OSI data, must have as its first octet a value of 
> 128 (81 hex) =
> OSI data packet, 129 (82 hex) ES-IS control packet or 130 (83 
> hex) IS-IS
> control packet. This first octet is referred to as the NLPID 
> (Network Layer
> Protocol Identifier) for ES-IS and OSI data and error packets 
> and as IRPD
> (Intradomain Routing Protocol Discriminator) for IS-IS 
> control packets. This
> is how the packet is passed up the stack to the proper 
> network layer entity.
> 
> 	On a CONS X.25 network, OSI packets are exchanged as 
> USER DATA contained
> within the X.25- PLP. Again, the first octet in the user data 
> portion of an
> X.25 packet, must have as its first octet a value of 128 (81 
> hex) = OSI data
> packet. ES-IS and IS-IS are not normally run over an X.25 
> circuit. Instead
> most implementations of OSI/X.25 only allow for SVCs or DED 
> (Dynamically
> Established Datalinks). In most cases, the OSI network layer 
> uses X.121
> addresses (X.25 DTE addresses), extracted from X.121 
> formatted NSAPs to
> signal the correct DTE for the call setup to the remote DTE. 
> Another reason
> for not running ES-IS or IS-IS over an X.25 network is 
> because some PSNs
> charge by the packet. Static routes are much cheaper.
> 
> 	An IS-IS OSI-only router will exchange IS-IS and ES-IS 
> control data
> encapsulated in a CLNP packet. An IS-IS OSI-only router will 
> also forward
> OSI data in a CLNP packet. An Integrated IS-IS IP-only router 
> will exchange
> IS-IS control data encapsulated in a CLNP packet. An IS-IS 
> IP-only router
> will forward IP data in an IP encapsulated packet. It will 
> NOT exchange any
> ES-IS control data nor will it forward any OSI data, just IP 
> data in its
> native format. An Integrated IS-IS Dual router will act as 
> both an OSI-only
> router and IP-only router.
> 
> 	Finally, the SEL (Selector) portion of an NSAP, though 
> not defined by any
> ISO docs in this manner, was used by Digital to signal the 
> Network layer of
> a DECnet Phase V system to send this packet to either the NSP 
> (DECnet Phase
> IV transport) or OSI Transport.
> 
> Hope this helps?
> 
> Cheers,
> Ken Larmer
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> 
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug  8 16:11:25 2001
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Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] OSI ??
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Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2001 13:09:25 -0700
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This seems to be a rather inaccurate portrayal of the way it really was. 
I'm sure
nobody cares, but I thought I'd correct it a little anyway. (I was chair of the
OSI Network Layer group during the time it was doing all this, as well as
running the lower layers of the DECnet/OSI architecture, so I really was
There).

First, OSI was conceived long before DEC latched onto it - in the late 70s,
whilst our decision to adopt it was made in 1984. Our rationale was that if 
not,
SNA would take over the world. If OSI achieved anything at all, it was to
delay SNA for long enough that TCP/IP did in fact take over the world -
meeting all the objectives that we at DEC had for OSI, even if all the
actual protocols were different.

Incidentally our original ideas for DECnet were to have 64-bit addresses.
The OSI (NSAP) address format was a horrible compromise to accomodate
the world views of both the phone companies and the data networking people
(us and the tiny TCP/IP community at the time).

CONS and CLNS were completely different religious views of the world. CONS
came from the phone companies and from the view that X.25 was the centre
of the universe, and everything else should look like it. CLNS of course 
came from
the data networking community. Either of them had standards to allow it to
operate over all kinds of subnetwork (OSI jargon), including both LANs and
WANs such as X.25 and ISDN. (ISO/IEC 8881 tells you how to make a LAN
look like an X.25 network, should you ever want to). In practice CONS
collapsed under the combined weight of its own complexity and the general
incompetence of its protagonists, and has never seen even a serious
attempt to implement it, never mind deploy it.

Incidentally CONS most definitely does (did) NOT transport data using CLNP
packets. It used all kinds of complicated interworking arrangements at 
subnetwork
boundaries precisely to avoid this approach, which was anethema to the CONS
religion.

As several people have already said, IS-IS does NOT use CLNP to carry its
packets, nor does ES-IS. I happen to think this was an excellent decision,
although John Moy certainly disagrees with me.

         John

At 13:42 08/08/2001 -0400, Ken Larmer wrote:
>Hi,
>
>         Let me try to explain the difference between CLNS 
> (Connection-Less Network
>Service) and CONS (Connection-Oriented Network Service). Furthermore, I will
>attempt to explain their use with IS-IS (OSI only) and I will then attempt
>to tie their use with Integrated IS-IS (Dual OSI and IP).
>
>         One must remember that OSI was conceived in the 1980s by Digital 
> with its
>primary reason being to increase DECnet Phase IV address space. Thus,
>Digital designed DECnet Phase V, which in turn spawned the better part of
>OSI. In the 1980s the predominate LAN technology was Ethernet and the
>predominate WAN technology was X.25. Ethernet circuits are considered to be
>Connection-Less, while X.25 networks are considered to be
>Connection-Oriented.
>
>The difference being that when an ES wants to transmit a data packet across
>an Ethernet, it simply sends it to the destination or to the default router.
>There is no need to establish a prior connection because all MTU sizes
>should be the same and there is no need to negotiate flow-control below the
>transport layer. However, on an X.25 network, an ES or IS must setup the
>connection to the remote DTE prior to transmission of data packets. X.25 has
>many negotiable options for data transfer, there are really no defaults, per
>say!
>
>         So, CONS was employed as a mechanism for communicating with 
> ISO-8208 X.25
>packet switch networks to facilitate call setup, parameter negotiation,
>circuit maintenance and call teardown. SNDCF (Sub-Network Dependent
>Convergence Functions) are utilized by the OSI network layer to communicate
>with the X.25 PLP (Packet Level Protocol) for execution of these DTE
>functions. Through this CONS mechanism, we can setup, maintain and teardown
>SVCs between X.25 DTEs.
>
>Furthermore, since X.25 already possessed a method for guaranteed delivery
>(LAPB ­ Link Access Procedure Balanced) at the datalink DTE<>DCE and packet
>sequencing at the X.25 network layer DTE<cloud>DTE, there is no need to
>sequence packets at the transport layer when using a CONS network. So, most
>applications (both of them :^) use OSI TP0 or TP2 for an OSI Transport
>mechanism across CONS networks. TP0 and TP2 are much like UDP.
>
>         Ethernet on the other hand does not require call establishment 
> prior to
>transport of data. So, CLNS is used to communicate across this type of
>network. Since there is no guaranteed delivery mechanism with Ethernet
>(Broadcast circuits for that matter), we need to make sure we use a
>higher-layer to guarantee delivery of packets. This is where OSI TP4 comes
>into play. OSI TP4 is much like TCP in that it sequences packets and
>basically guarantees their delivery.
>
>         Now, how does this tie into CLNP (Connection-Less Network 
> Protocol) and the
>format of OSI packets? Well, both CONS and CLNS networks transfer OSI data
>in CLNP packet formats.
>
>On a CLNS Ethernet network, OSI packets are exchanged using IEEE 802.3
>formatted ethernet frames. The data portion of an IEEE 802.3 frame, which is
>carrying OSI data, must have as its first octet a value of 128 (81 hex) =
>OSI data packet, 129 (82 hex) ES-IS control packet or 130 (83 hex) IS-IS
>control packet. This first octet is referred to as the NLPID (Network Layer
>Protocol Identifier) for ES-IS and OSI data and error packets and as IRPD
>(Intradomain Routing Protocol Discriminator) for IS-IS control packets. This
>is how the packet is passed up the stack to the proper network layer entity.
>
>         On a CONS X.25 network, OSI packets are exchanged as USER DATA 
> contained
>within the X.25- PLP. Again, the first octet in the user data portion of an
>X.25 packet, must have as its first octet a value of 128 (81 hex) = OSI data
>packet. ES-IS and IS-IS are not normally run over an X.25 circuit. Instead
>most implementations of OSI/X.25 only allow for SVCs or DED (Dynamically
>Established Datalinks). In most cases, the OSI network layer uses X.121
>addresses (X.25 DTE addresses), extracted from X.121 formatted NSAPs to
>signal the correct DTE for the call setup to the remote DTE. Another reason
>for not running ES-IS or IS-IS over an X.25 network is because some PSNs
>charge by the packet. Static routes are much cheaper.
>
>         An IS-IS OSI-only router will exchange IS-IS and ES-IS control data
>encapsulated in a CLNP packet. An IS-IS OSI-only router will also forward
>OSI data in a CLNP packet. An Integrated IS-IS IP-only router will exchange
>IS-IS control data encapsulated in a CLNP packet. An IS-IS IP-only router
>will forward IP data in an IP encapsulated packet. It will NOT exchange any
>ES-IS control data nor will it forward any OSI data, just IP data in its
>native format. An Integrated IS-IS Dual router will act as both an OSI-only
>router and IP-only router.
>
>         Finally, the SEL (Selector) portion of an NSAP, though not 
> defined by any
>ISO docs in this manner, was used by Digital to signal the Network layer of
>a DECnet Phase V system to send this packet to either the NSP (DECnet Phase
>IV transport) or OSI Transport.
>
>Hope this helps?
>
>Cheers,
>Ken Larmer
>
>_______________________________________________
>Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
>http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg

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To: "Ken Larmer" <Larmer@commsense.net>
From: Jeff Learman <jlearman@cisco.com>
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] OSI ??
Cc: <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>, "Swati Rastogi" <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>,
        "Ken Larmer" <larmer@commsense.net>
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Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2001 18:08:23 -0400
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At 01:42 PM 8/8/2001, Ken Larmer wrote:
>Hi,
>
>        Let me try to explain the difference between CLNS (Connection-Less Network
>Service) and CONS (Connection-Oriented Network Service). Furthermore, I will
>attempt to explain their use with IS-IS (OSI only) and I will then attempt
>to tie their use with Integrated IS-IS (Dual OSI and IP).
>
>        One must remember that OSI was conceived in the 1980s by Digital with its
>primary reason being to increase DECnet Phase IV address space. Thus,
>Digital designed DECnet Phase V, which in turn spawned the better part of
>OSI. In the 1980s the predominate LAN technology was Ethernet and the
>predominate WAN technology was X.25. Ethernet circuits are considered to be
>Connection-Less, while X.25 networks are considered to be
>Connection-Oriented.
>
>The difference being that when an ES wants to transmit a data packet across
>an Ethernet, it simply sends it to the destination or to the default router.
>There is no need to establish a prior connection because all MTU sizes
>should be the same and there is no need to negotiate flow-control below the
>transport layer. However, on an X.25 network, an ES or IS must setup the
>connection to the remote DTE prior to transmission of data packets. X.25 has
>many negotiable options for data transfer, there are really no defaults, per
>say!
>
>        So, CONS was employed as a mechanism for communicating with ISO-8208 X.25
>packet switch networks to facilitate call setup, parameter negotiation,
>circuit maintenance and call teardown. SNDCF (Sub-Network Dependent
>Convergence Functions) are utilized by the OSI network layer to communicate
>with the X.25 PLP (Packet Level Protocol) for execution of these DTE
>functions. Through this CONS mechanism, we can setup, maintain and teardown
>SVCs between X.25 DTEs.

Warning: SNDCF is usually used to mean the way CLNS operates over
a particular kind of data-link, and most commonly for the specific
case of CLNP over X.25 (where CLNP is using X.25 as a link level
protocol -- sort of like tunneling).

>Furthermore, since X.25 already possessed a method for guaranteed delivery
>(LAPB ­ Link Access Procedure Balanced) at the datalink DTE<>DCE and packet
>sequencing at the X.25 network layer DTE<cloud>DTE, there is no need to
>sequence packets at the transport layer when using a CONS network. So, most
>applications (both of them :^) use OSI TP0 or TP2 for an OSI Transport
>mechanism across CONS networks. TP0 and TP2 are much like UDP.

Not quite.  CLTP is like UDP; they both provide a connectionless service.
TP0 and TP2 are simpler protocols than TP4 or IP, but provide
connection-oriented services over a network that is already
connection-oriented, and therefore are simpler than TP4 or
TCP, as Ken says.

>        Ethernet on the other hand does not require call establishment prior to
>transport of data. So, CLNS is used to communicate across this type of
>network. Since there is no guaranteed delivery mechanism with Ethernet
>(Broadcast circuits for that matter), we need to make sure we use a
>higher-layer to guarantee delivery of packets. This is where OSI TP4 comes
>into play. OSI TP4 is much like TCP in that it sequences packets and
>basically guarantees their delivery.

True, except that there is a provision for X.25-CONS over LLC3,
which is on Ethernet.  Fortunately not very popular.

>        Now, how does this tie into CLNP (Connection-Less Network Protocol) and the
>format of OSI packets? Well, both CONS and CLNS networks transfer OSI data
>in CLNP packet formats.

False.  The protocol used to provide CONS is X.25, and involves
no CLNP packets.  CLNP can operate over X.25, but CONS is not involved.

>On a CLNS Ethernet network, OSI packets are exchanged using IEEE 802.3
>formatted ethernet frames. The data portion of an IEEE 802.3 frame, which is
>carrying OSI data, must have as its first octet a value of 128 (81 hex) =
>OSI data packet, 129 (82 hex) ES-IS control packet or 130 (83 hex) IS-IS
>control packet. This first octet is referred to as the NLPID (Network Layer
>Protocol Identifier) for ES-IS and OSI data and error packets and as IRPD
>(Intradomain Routing Protocol Discriminator) for IS-IS control packets.

IDRP is the inTER-domain routing protocol, not inTRA-domain, which is
IS-IS.  IDRP serves the same role as BGP does for IP, and like BGP is
a distance-vector protocol, not a link-state protocol.

>This
>is how the packet is passed up the stack to the proper network layer entity.
>
>        On a CONS X.25 network, OSI packets are exchanged as USER DATA contained
>within the X.25- PLP. Again, the first octet in the user data portion of an
>X.25 packet, must have as its first octet a value of 128 (81 hex) = OSI data
>packet.

This is true only when running CLNS over X.25, and the NLPID is
really considered part of the CLNS PDU, according to the specs.
(When I say CLNS in this context, I mean CLNP, ES-IS, or IS-IS.)

>ES-IS and IS-IS are not normally run over an X.25 circuit.


>Instead most implementations of OSI/X.25 only allow for SVCs or DED
>(Dynamically Established Datalinks).

Really?

>In most cases, the OSI network layer uses X.121
>addresses (X.25 DTE addresses), extracted from X.121 formatted NSAPs to
>signal the correct DTE for the call setup to the remote DTE. Another reason
>for not running ES-IS or IS-IS over an X.25 network is because some PSNs
>charge by the packet. Static routes are much cheaper.
>
>        An IS-IS OSI-only router will exchange IS-IS and ES-IS control data
>encapsulated in a CLNP packet.

ES-IS and IS-IS packets are NOT exchanged in CLNP packets.

>An IS-IS OSI-only router will also forward
>OSI data in a CLNP packet. An Integrated IS-IS IP-only router will exchange
>IS-IS control data encapsulated in a CLNP packet.

IS-IS packets are NOT exchanged in CLNP packets.

>An IS-IS IP-only router
>will forward IP data in an IP encapsulated packet. It will NOT exchange any
>ES-IS control data nor will it forward any OSI data, just IP data in its
>native format. An Integrated IS-IS Dual router will act as both an OSI-only
>router and IP-only router.
>
>        Finally, the SEL (Selector) portion of an NSAP, though not defined by any
>ISO docs in this manner, was used by Digital to signal the Network layer of
>a DECnet Phase V system to send this packet to either the NSP (DECnet Phase
>IV transport) or OSI Transport.

True, the NSEL was not identified in ISO network layer addressing,
CLNP, or ES-IS specs.  It was discussed in NIST OIW agreements.
Finally, though, IS-IS mandated that the final octet of an NSAP
would not be used in routing decisions, except at the destination
end system.

Jeff

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From: Jeff Learman <jlearman@cisco.com>
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] OSI ??
Cc: "'Ken Larmer'" <Larmer@commsense.net>, isis-wg@spider.juniper.net,
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Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2001 18:14:54 -0400

At 03:51 PM 8/8/2001, Les  Ginsberg wrote:

>In this context, DEC's use of the selector byte to direct NPDUs to the
>appropriate transport layer is quite appropriate and consistent with OSI
>addressing semantics.

Yes, although it doesn't permit many of the capabilities offered by
these protocols, such as multiplexing CLTP and TP2-4 on the same
CONS connection, or negotiating the transport protocol from
TP2 to TP0.

Anyway, while it's allowable to use the NSEL to address a
particular transport protocol engine, it's not necessary.
TP0, TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4, and CLTP can be implemented in the
same protocol engine and share the same NSEL.

Jeff

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Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2001 18:18:31 -0400

At 02:08 PM 8/8/2001, Naiming Shen wrote:
>My feeling is this, isis does not have NBMA for so long since OSPF has 
>"invented" it, with atm/frame relay "legacy" services less popular
>these days, i don't see a requirement to do this in ISIS for now.
>Even with OSPF, as i remember when i was with previous companies,
>we alwasy "advise" customers to use point-to-point when link-state
>protocols are used for obvious reasons the problems NBMA has.
>Yes, we can develop the nbma for isis, then adapt the nbma for the
>LAN, but don't think it's worth the effort.

ISO 8473-1988 defined "general topology" networks, which are
non-broadcast, multiple-access networks.  X.25 is an example, and
connectionless networks can be GT networks.

IS-IS does not support exchange of routing information over GT
networks unless they are modeled as collections of statically
enabled point-to-point links.  I don't know why, but perhaps
it was because X.25 was the only prevalent GT network at the time,
and it didn't make sense to have an SVC when exchanging periodic PDUs.
Using an IGP over GT net certainly makes more sense for connectionless
than for connection-oriented.

Jeff

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Thu Aug  9 00:34:21 2001
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Subject: [Isis-wg] SNAP & NSAP
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Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2001 10:05:41 +0530
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I have a small doubt . .

(i) NSAP is an OSI equivalent of an IP address in a TCP/IP network.
Is SNAP address equivalent of the ethernet address in the data link layer if
its a 802.2 ntwrk ?

Rgds,
Manav

"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2



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Subject: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
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Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2001 11:56:13 +0530
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Hi,
In OSPF it is said that the areas are bound to the interfaces and that the
OSPF area boundaries fall within a router. This statement is not very clear
and it gets more confusing when its said that in ISIS, area boundaries is on
a link rather than in the router. What is bothering me is the fact that in
ISIS also its only on the interface basis that i say that the particular
link is L1 or L2.
Let me explain . .
A, B are both  cisco routers

A ---------------------  B
(L1/L2)                        (L1)

A and B are both in the same area

Configuration of router A would be

interface loopback0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface Pos2/0/0
ip address 192.168.16.1 255.255.255.0
ip router isis
isis circuit-type-level-2
!
Fastethernet4/0/0
ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
ip router isis
isis circuit-type-level-1
!
router isis
net 49.0001.1921.6800.1001.00

(1) If we look at the profile definition then here also we have defined the
areas  on the interfaces basis .. saying that 192.168.16/24 is my L2 while
192.168.11/24 is L1.
(2) Will all of the LSPs recvd on any one of the interfaces be known to the
other ?

Router  configuration of Router B

interface loopback0
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.255
!
interface Fastethernet0/0
ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
ip router isis
isis circuit-type-level-1
!
router isis
net 49.0001.1921.6800.1002

(1) Here on the 192.168.1/24 interface both the routers are running L1 level
routing .. So is ISIS not interface based ??

Please explain . .

Regards,
Swati





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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Thu Aug  9 02:55:50 2001
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Subject: [Isis-wg] L1/L2 Designated Router
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The LAN toplogy looks smthg like this ..

                 O                 O
                  |                    |
  ________|__________|______
           |                        | (A)
           |                        |
          O                      O--> interface defined as L1
                                    ^---- another interface defined as L2

(1) Suppose the IS A has the highest priority .. then can a single
Intermediate system be both a LAN L1 Designated IS and a LAN L2 Designated
IS.
(2) Will this pseudonode be known by the ID (6 bytes in the NSAP address) of
the designated IS followed by some pseudonode ID assigned by the designated
IS ?

Regards,
Manav

"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2



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hi all,
The Dual Is-Is performs routing i.e to calculate the
optimal path or it forwards packets also?
I have this doubt because i read that the IS-IS uses
the services of the data link directly. Can a routing
protocol make use of a lower layer services or the
Is-IS protocol makes use of CLNP or Ip for forwarding.

thanks in advance
srikrishna

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Thu Aug  9 05:29:52 2001
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To: "Swati Rastogi" <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>
From: stefano previdi <sprevidi@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
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Date: Thu, 09 Aug 2001 11:25:17 +0200

At 08:26 09/08/2001, Swati Rastogi wrote:
>Hi,
>In OSPF it is said that the areas are bound to the interfaces and that the
>OSPF area boundaries fall within a router. This statement is not very clear
>and it gets more confusing when its said that in ISIS, area boundaries is on
>a link rather than in the router.

this because the router itself is configured as part of one area.
What you did in your example below is that you forced (through some
interface configuration commands) the router to establish a specific
adjacency level. But this doesn't mean that the router is part of
more areas. The router is still part of one area.

s.


>What is bothering me is the fact that in
>ISIS also its only on the interface basis that i say that the particular
>link is L1 or L2.
>Let me explain . .
>A, B are both  cisco routers
>
>A ---------------------  B
>(L1/L2)                        (L1)
>
>A and B are both in the same area
>
>Configuration of router A would be
>
>interface loopback0
>ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255
>!
>interface Pos2/0/0
>ip address 192.168.16.1 255.255.255.0
>ip router isis
>isis circuit-type-level-2
>!
>Fastethernet4/0/0
>ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
>ip router isis
>isis circuit-type-level-1
>!
>router isis
>net 49.0001.1921.6800.1001.00
>
>(1) If we look at the profile definition then here also we have defined the
>areas  on the interfaces basis .. saying that 192.168.16/24 is my L2 while
>192.168.11/24 is L1.
>(2) Will all of the LSPs recvd on any one of the interfaces be known to the
>other ?
>
>Router  configuration of Router B
>
>interface loopback0
>ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.255
>!
>interface Fastethernet0/0
>ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
>ip router isis
>isis circuit-type-level-1
>!
>router isis
>net 49.0001.1921.6800.1002
>
>(1) Here on the 192.168.1/24 interface both the routers are running L1 level
>routing .. So is ISIS not interface based ??
>
>Please explain . .
>
>Regards,
>Swati
>
>
>
>
>
>_________________________________________________________
>Do You Yahoo!?
>Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
>
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Date: Thu, 09 Aug 2001 11:28:05 +0200

At 08:56 09/08/2001, Manav Bhatia wrote:
>The LAN toplogy looks smthg like this ..
>
>           O         O
>          |         |
>   ________|__________|______
>            |             | (A)
>            |             |
>           O              O--> interface defined as L1
>                            ^---- another interface defined as L2
>
>(1) Suppose the IS A has the highest priority .. then can a single
>Intermediate system be both a LAN L1 Designated IS and a LAN L2 Designated
>IS.

yes.

>(2) Will this pseudonode be known by the ID (6 bytes in the NSAP address) of
>the designated IS followed by some pseudonode ID assigned by the designated
>IS ?

yes, if your router is DIS for both levels, you will have two distinct
pseudonodes. Pseudodone ID is part of LSP-ID:

         6-bytes lsp-id
         1-byte  pseudonode-id
         1-byte  fragment number

s.

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Thu Aug  9 09:58:13 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
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Date: Thu, 09 Aug 2001 6:55:27 PDT

Swati,
First of all you are discussing the actions of a protocol 
and trying to relate them to how a router is configured.
This is hard to do.....

Consider a processor with I/O ports attached.

For OSPF, when the processor runs OSPF each I/O port
must be told that it is running OSPF and "which" area
it is in.

For ISIS, when the processor runs ISIS it is given
an area address by default within the NET.   Now
when an I/O port is enabled for ISIS they belong
to the same area as the processor or instance of ISIS

Consider a simple example using 1 NET.
So with a router... you configure the router to 
start ISIS by saying "router isis"  but you also
must tell this router his NET.

router isis
net 490001xxxxssssss00

Now when you enable an interface the interface is in
this area by default....490001xxxx.

mike

> 
> At 08:26 09/08/2001, Swati Rastogi wrote:
> >Hi,
> >In OSPF it is said that the areas are bound to the interfaces and that the
> >OSPF area boundaries fall within a router. This statement is not very clear
> >and it gets more confusing when its said that in ISIS, area boundaries is on
> >a link rather than in the router.
> 
> this because the router itself is configured as part of one area.
> What you did in your example below is that you forced (through some
> interface configuration commands) the router to establish a specific
> adjacency level. But this doesn't mean that the router is part of
> more areas. The router is still part of one area.
> 
> s.
> 
> 
> >What is bothering me is the fact that in
> >ISIS also its only on the interface basis that i say that the particular
> >link is L1 or L2.
> >Let me explain . .
> >A, B are both  cisco routers
> >
> >A ---------------------  B
> >(L1/L2)                        (L1)
> >
> >A and B are both in the same area
> >
> >Configuration of router A would be
> >
> >interface loopback0
> >ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255
> >!
> >interface Pos2/0/0
> >ip address 192.168.16.1 255.255.255.0
> >ip router isis
> >isis circuit-type-level-2
> >!
> >Fastethernet4/0/0
> >ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
> >ip router isis
> >isis circuit-type-level-1
> >!
> >router isis
> >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1001.00
> >
> >(1) If we look at the profile definition then here also we have defined the
> >areas  on the interfaces basis .. saying that 192.168.16/24 is my L2 while
> >192.168.11/24 is L1.
> >(2) Will all of the LSPs recvd on any one of the interfaces be known to the
> >other ?
> >
> >Router  configuration of Router B
> >
> >interface loopback0
> >ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.255
> >!
> >interface Fastethernet0/0
> >ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
> >ip router isis
> >isis circuit-type-level-1
> >!
> >router isis
> >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1002
> >
> >(1) Here on the 192.168.1/24 interface both the routers are running L1 level
> >routing .. So is ISIS not interface based ??
> >
> >Please explain . .
> >
> >Regards,
> >Swati
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >_________________________________________________________
> >Do You Yahoo!?
> >Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> 

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Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2001 10:47:46 -0400
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Thanks for all the corrections :^)

I have a very bad habit of calling all OSI packets CLNP, when they are
clearly not! Furthermore, I apologize if I miss-represented the evolution of
OSI!

Just a couple of comments and I'll fade away!

Jeff, I believe you meant to say X.25 over ethernet is LLC2 not LLC3. Please
correct me if I'm wrong. BTW, Digital had a lot of customers running this
hack.

I also realize you can run IS-IS over a X.25 PVC on one IS-IS implementation
I know of. My comment was simply stating that this is not a common practice.

Jeff, please help me here, I made the following statement:

>Now, how does this tie into CLNP (Connection-Less Network Protocol) and the
>format of OSI packets? Well, both CONS and CLNS networks transfer OSI data
>in CLNP packet formats.

Your response:

>False.  The protocol used to provide CONS is X.25, and involves
>no CLNP packets.  CLNP can operate over X.25, but CONS is not involved.

What is the format? CONS is used establish the connection and IS-IS does the
forwarding. I know I didn't state that, but is that true?

Jeff, please help me here, I made the following statement:

>On a CLNS Ethernet network, OSI packets are exchanged using IEEE 802.3
>formatted ethernet frames. The data portion of an IEEE 802.3 frame, which
is
>carrying OSI data, must have as its first octet a value of 128 (81 hex) =
>OSI data packet, 129 (82 hex) ES-IS control packet or 130 (83 hex) IS-IS
>control packet. This first octet is referred to as the NLPID (Network Layer
>Protocol Identifier) for ES-IS and OSI data and error packets and as IRPD
>(Intradomain Routing Protocol Discriminator) for IS-IS control packets.

Your response:

>IDRP is the inTER-domain routing protocol, not inTRA-domain, which is
>IS-IS.  IDRP serves the same role as BGP does for IP, and like BGP is
>a distance-vector protocol, not a link-state protocol.

Jeff, did you mean IDRPI (Inter-Domain Routing Protocol Information) from
RFC 1195. My statement refers to ISO-10589 control packets, the first octet
of which is the IRPD (Intradomain Routing Protocol Discriminator)field. Of
course, we could throw another 1,000 acronyms into OSI so it would be a bit
more confusing.

I believe that this open discussion is good for this working group. Much to
often I see questions go unanswered because many folks do not have all the
right answers or the ones that do are too busy to respond. I would rather
see this type of discussion, than have a bunch of folks who are to afraid to
respond because they may get some portion of their response wrong. This
stuff is extremely complex and needs many minds to get the facts 100%
correct.

Just my thoughts!

Cheers,
Ken



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From: "Swati Rastogi" <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>
To: "Mike Truskowski" <truskows@cisco.com>,
        "isis-wg" <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
References: <200108091355.GAA25129@diablo.cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
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Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2001 20:28:05 +0530
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Mike,
If this is so then I am having problems visualizing as to how we can assign
multiple addresses to an IS. For i always thought that area addresses are
assigned per interface basis.
There is this line in the rfc 1195 which says .. "A level 1 router will
refuse to become a neighbor with a node whose area addresses do not overlap
its area address." This creates a confusion too .. Consider the topology as
shown below.

A ----- B ------ C
(l1)      (l2)         (l1)

A & B are in the same area while C is in a different area.
A and C are L1 routers and B is an L2 only.

Firstly .. is this configuration possible ??
Secondly .. B and C are in different areas so how does the adjaceny go up ??
Thirdly .. A is a L1 router while B is L2 .. Can they communicate .. I
thought that B should then be L1/L2

I know i am being miserable .. but please help!

Thanks in advance ..

Swati

----- Original Message -----
From: "Mike Truskowski" <truskows@cisco.com>
To: "stefano previdi" <sprevidi@cisco.com>
Cc: <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>; <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Sent: Thursday, August 09, 2001 7:25 PM
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture


> Swati,
> First of all you are discussing the actions of a protocol
> and trying to relate them to how a router is configured.
> This is hard to do.....
>
> Consider a processor with I/O ports attached.
>
> For OSPF, when the processor runs OSPF each I/O port
> must be told that it is running OSPF and "which" area
> it is in.
>
> For ISIS, when the processor runs ISIS it is given
> an area address by default within the NET.   Now
> when an I/O port is enabled for ISIS they belong
> to the same area as the processor or instance of ISIS
>
> Consider a simple example using 1 NET.
> So with a router... you configure the router to
> start ISIS by saying "router isis"  but you also
> must tell this router his NET.
>
> router isis
> net 490001xxxxssssss00
>
> Now when you enable an interface the interface is in
> this area by default....490001xxxx.
>
> mike
>
> >
> > At 08:26 09/08/2001, Swati Rastogi wrote:
> > >Hi,
> > >In OSPF it is said that the areas are bound to the interfaces and that
the
> > >OSPF area boundaries fall within a router. This statement is not very
clear
> > >and it gets more confusing when its said that in ISIS, area boundaries
is on
> > >a link rather than in the router.
> >
> > this because the router itself is configured as part of one area.
> > What you did in your example below is that you forced (through some
> > interface configuration commands) the router to establish a specific
> > adjacency level. But this doesn't mean that the router is part of
> > more areas. The router is still part of one area.
> >
> > s.
> >
> >
> > >What is bothering me is the fact that in
> > >ISIS also its only on the interface basis that i say that the
particular
> > >link is L1 or L2.
> > >Let me explain . .
> > >A, B are both  cisco routers
> > >
> > >A ---------------------  B
> > >(L1/L2)                        (L1)
> > >
> > >A and B are both in the same area
> > >
> > >Configuration of router A would be
> > >
> > >interface loopback0
> > >ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255
> > >!
> > >interface Pos2/0/0
> > >ip address 192.168.16.1 255.255.255.0
> > >ip router isis
> > >isis circuit-type-level-2
> > >!
> > >Fastethernet4/0/0
> > >ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
> > >ip router isis
> > >isis circuit-type-level-1
> > >!
> > >router isis
> > >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1001.00
> > >
> > >(1) If we look at the profile definition then here also we have defined
the
> > >areas  on the interfaces basis .. saying that 192.168.16/24 is my L2
while
> > >192.168.11/24 is L1.
> > >(2) Will all of the LSPs recvd on any one of the interfaces be known to
the
> > >other ?
> > >
> > >Router  configuration of Router B
> > >
> > >interface loopback0
> > >ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.255
> > >!
> > >interface Fastethernet0/0
> > >ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
> > >ip router isis
> > >isis circuit-type-level-1
> > >!
> > >router isis
> > >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1002
> > >
> > >(1) Here on the 192.168.1/24 interface both the routers are running L1
level
> > >routing .. So is ISIS not interface based ??
> > >
> > >Please explain . .
> > >
> > >Regards,
> > >Swati
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >_________________________________________________________
> > >Do You Yahoo!?
> > >Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> > >
> > >_______________________________________________
> > >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> >


_________________________________________________________
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Thu Aug  9 11:20:52 2001
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From: Mike Truskowski <truskows@cisco.com>
Message-Id: <200108091519.IAA24299@diablo.cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
To: swatirstogi@yahoo.com (Swati Rastogi)
Cc: truskows@cisco.com, isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
In-Reply-To: <00d601c120e3$b3f24a70$da046c6b@Manav>; from "Swati Rastogi" at Aug 9, 101 7:58 am
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Date: Thu, 09 Aug 2001 8:19:00 PDT

I don't mind answering questions but I want to know 
who you work for.

In my email I stated that I would give a simple example.

see below...

> 
> Mike,
> If this is so then I am having problems visualizing as to how we can assign
> multiple addresses to an IS. For i always thought that area addresses are
> assigned per interface basis.
> There is this line in the rfc 1195 which says .. "A level 1 router will
> refuse to become a neighbor with a node whose area addresses do not overlap
> its area address." This creates a confusion too .. Consider the topology as
> shown below.
> 
> A ----- B ------ C
> (l1)      (l2)         (l1)
> 
> A & B are in the same area while C is in a different area.
> A and C are L1 routers and B is an L2 only.
> 
> Firstly .. is this configuration possible ??
This is not a valid topology "if" the lines connecting
them is serial links.  If so put B into the same are by
saying:
router isis
net 12
net 11

If you want to the the following with an ethernet...

       B (11)
       |
 -------------
  |      |
  A(12)  C(12)  

 Then this works as long as either A or C is L1/L2 and
B is L2.

A and C will create a L1 adjacency.
C and B will create a L2 adjacency.
If A wants to send a packet to B then the router will
be A-to-C-to-B... following the L2 route.

A will pick C because C having the adjacency with B will
have access to external areas.  Then the L1 instance on
C will set the ATT bit telling A that C has a path.
During SPF time A will set C as the next hop out to forward
packets outside the area.

> Secondly .. B and C are in different areas so how does the adjaceny go up ??
The adjacency in this case will not come up.
A and C are L1 in area 11.  B is in 12.
No level 1 adjacency because they must be in the same area.
No level 2 because only B is level 2.
If you change, say C, to be L1/L2 then there will be 
an adjacency between B & C.  A will be black holed.  Alone
and unreachable.

> Thirdly .. A is a L1 router while B is L2 .. Can they communicate .. I
> thought that B should then be L1/L2
See above.

Mike


> 
> I know i am being miserable .. but please help!
> 
> Thanks in advance ..
> 
> Swati
> 
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Mike Truskowski" <truskows@cisco.com>
> To: "stefano previdi" <sprevidi@cisco.com>
> Cc: <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>; <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
> Sent: Thursday, August 09, 2001 7:25 PM
> Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
> 
> 
> > Swati,
> > First of all you are discussing the actions of a protocol
> > and trying to relate them to how a router is configured.
> > This is hard to do.....
> >
> > Consider a processor with I/O ports attached.
> >
> > For OSPF, when the processor runs OSPF each I/O port
> > must be told that it is running OSPF and "which" area
> > it is in.
> >
> > For ISIS, when the processor runs ISIS it is given
> > an area address by default within the NET.   Now
> > when an I/O port is enabled for ISIS they belong
> > to the same area as the processor or instance of ISIS
> >
> > Consider a simple example using 1 NET.
> > So with a router... you configure the router to
> > start ISIS by saying "router isis"  but you also
> > must tell this router his NET.
> >
> > router isis
> > net 490001xxxxssssss00
> >
> > Now when you enable an interface the interface is in
> > this area by default....490001xxxx.
> >
> > mike
> >
> > >
> > > At 08:26 09/08/2001, Swati Rastogi wrote:
> > > >Hi,
> > > >In OSPF it is said that the areas are bound to the interfaces and that
> the
> > > >OSPF area boundaries fall within a router. This statement is not very
> clear
> > > >and it gets more confusing when its said that in ISIS, area boundaries
> is on
> > > >a link rather than in the router.
> > >
> > > this because the router itself is configured as part of one area.
> > > What you did in your example below is that you forced (through some
> > > interface configuration commands) the router to establish a specific
> > > adjacency level. But this doesn't mean that the router is part of
> > > more areas. The router is still part of one area.
> > >
> > > s.
> > >
> > >
> > > >What is bothering me is the fact that in
> > > >ISIS also its only on the interface basis that i say that the
> particular
> > > >link is L1 or L2.
> > > >Let me explain . .
> > > >A, B are both  cisco routers
> > > >
> > > >A ---------------------  B
> > > >(L1/L2)                        (L1)
> > > >
> > > >A and B are both in the same area
> > > >
> > > >Configuration of router A would be
> > > >
> > > >interface loopback0
> > > >ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255
> > > >!
> > > >interface Pos2/0/0
> > > >ip address 192.168.16.1 255.255.255.0
> > > >ip router isis
> > > >isis circuit-type-level-2
> > > >!
> > > >Fastethernet4/0/0
> > > >ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
> > > >ip router isis
> > > >isis circuit-type-level-1
> > > >!
> > > >router isis
> > > >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1001.00
> > > >
> > > >(1) If we look at the profile definition then here also we have defined
> the
> > > >areas  on the interfaces basis .. saying that 192.168.16/24 is my L2
> while
> > > >192.168.11/24 is L1.
> > > >(2) Will all of the LSPs recvd on any one of the interfaces be known to
> the
> > > >other ?
> > > >
> > > >Router  configuration of Router B
> > > >
> > > >interface loopback0
> > > >ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.255
> > > >!
> > > >interface Fastethernet0/0
> > > >ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
> > > >ip router isis
> > > >isis circuit-type-level-1
> > > >!
> > > >router isis
> > > >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1002
> > > >
> > > >(1) Here on the 192.168.1/24 interface both the routers are running L1
> level
> > > >routing .. So is ISIS not interface based ??
> > > >
> > > >Please explain . .
> > > >
> > > >Regards,
> > > >Swati
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >_________________________________________________________
> > > >Do You Yahoo!?
> > > >Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> > > >
> > > >_______________________________________________
> > > >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > > >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > >
> 
> 
> _________________________________________________________
> Do You Yahoo!?
> Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> 

_______________________________________________
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Date: Thu, 09 Aug 2001 10:53:19 -0500

SNAP?  That refers to a data link encapsulation for Ethernet, it is an 
extension of the 802.2 protocol.

Are you sure you are not referring to SNPA, which is Subnetwork Point of 
Attachment?  This is the same as the MAC address.

/mpb


At 10:05 08/09/2001 +0530, Manav Bhatia wrote:
>I have a small doubt . .
>
>(i) NSAP is an OSI equivalent of an IP address in a TCP/IP network.
>Is SNAP address equivalent of the ethernet address in the data link layer if
>its a 802.2 ntwrk ?
>
>Rgds,
>Manav
>
>"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2
>
>
>
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Date: Thu, 09 Aug 2001 10:59:38 -0500

Or are you talking about IS-IS fowarding LSP's?  Because IS-IS runs 
directly over the data link, it would not make use of CLNS or IP for it's 
forwarding.  Some other protocols do make use of other L3 protocols for 
forwarding routing information, such as OSPF making use of IP.

Is this what you were looking for?

/mpb

At 10:20 08/09/2001 +0100, sudhir dskjf wrote:
>hi all,
>The Dual Is-Is performs routing i.e to calculate the
>optimal path or it forwards packets also?
>I have this doubt because i read that the IS-IS uses
>the services of the data link directly. Can a routing
>protocol make use of a lower layer services or the
>Is-IS protocol makes use of CLNP or Ip for forwarding.
>
>thanks in advance
>srikrishna
>
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Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2001 21:40:42 +0530
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Pl. see my comments inline ..

> Hi Mike,
> I am working in a startup company and we are trying to develop the entire
> tcp/ip stack. I have to look after the integrated ISIS .. this is my
second
> job .. prior to this i was working on BGP for a firm known as Tata
> Consultancy Services (TCS) ..
>
> Regards,
> Swati Rastogi
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Mike Truskowski" <truskows@cisco.com>
> To: "Swati Rastogi" <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>
> Cc: <truskows@cisco.com>; <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
> Sent: Thursday, August 09, 2001 8:49 PM
> Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
>
>
> > I don't mind answering questions but I want to know
> > who you work for.

> > >
> > > A ----- B ------ C
> > > (l1)      (l2)         (l1)
> > >
> > > A & B are in the same area while C is in a different area.
> > > A and C are L1 routers and B is an L2 only.
> > >
> > > Firstly .. is this configuration possible ??
> > This is not a valid topology "if" the lines connecting
> > them is serial links.  If so put B into the same are by
> > saying:
> > router isis
> > net 12
> > net 11
> >
> > If you want to the the following with an ethernet...
> >
> >        B (11)
> >        |
> >  -------------
> >   |      |
> >   A(12)  C(12)
> >
> >  Then this works as long as either A or C is L1/L2 and
> > B is L2.
> >
> > A and C will create a L1 adjacency.

Can i have L1 adjaceny between ISs in differet areas !
How !?!?!

AFAIK i mentioned that A & B are in the same area while C is in some other
area.

> > C and B will create a L2 adjacency.

I think you got the routers wrong !
Your figure above says that B is L1 then how can it have L2 adjaceny with B
???

> > If A wants to send a packet to B then the router will
> > be A-to-C-to-B... following the L2 route.

Why A and B are in same areas ..  !?!?

I think you had smthg else in mind and you have written something else ..
could you please check that !

Regards,
Swati


> >
> > A will pick C because C having the adjacency with B will
> > have access to external areas.  Then the L1 instance on
> > C will set the ATT bit telling A that C has a path.
> > During SPF time A will set C as the next hop out to forward
> > packets outside the area.
> >
> > > Secondly .. B and C are in different areas so how does the adjaceny go
> up ??
> > The adjacency in this case will not come up.
> > A and C are L1 in area 11.  B is in 12.
> > No level 1 adjacency because they must be in the same area.
> > No level 2 because only B is level 2.
> > If you change, say C, to be L1/L2 then there will be
> > an adjacency between B & C.  A will be black holed.  Alone
> > and unreachable.
> >
> > > Thirdly .. A is a L1 router while B is L2 .. Can they communicate .. I
> > > thought that B should then be L1/L2
> > See above.
> >
> > Mike
> >
> >
> > >
> > > I know i am being miserable .. but please help!
> > >
> > > Thanks in advance ..
> > >
> > > Swati
> > >
> > > ----- Original Message -----
> > > From: "Mike Truskowski" <truskows@cisco.com>
> > > To: "stefano previdi" <sprevidi@cisco.com>
> > > Cc: <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>; <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
> > > Sent: Thursday, August 09, 2001 7:25 PM
> > > Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
> > >
> > >
> > > > Swati,
> > > > First of all you are discussing the actions of a protocol
> > > > and trying to relate them to how a router is configured.
> > > > This is hard to do.....
> > > >
> > > > Consider a processor with I/O ports attached.
> > > >
> > > > For OSPF, when the processor runs OSPF each I/O port
> > > > must be told that it is running OSPF and "which" area
> > > > it is in.
> > > >
> > > > For ISIS, when the processor runs ISIS it is given
> > > > an area address by default within the NET.   Now
> > > > when an I/O port is enabled for ISIS they belong
> > > > to the same area as the processor or instance of ISIS
> > > >
> > > > Consider a simple example using 1 NET.
> > > > So with a router... you configure the router to
> > > > start ISIS by saying "router isis"  but you also
> > > > must tell this router his NET.
> > > >
> > > > router isis
> > > > net 490001xxxxssssss00
> > > >
> > > > Now when you enable an interface the interface is in
> > > > this area by default....490001xxxx.
> > > >
> > > > mike
> > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > At 08:26 09/08/2001, Swati Rastogi wrote:
> > > > > >Hi,
> > > > > >In OSPF it is said that the areas are bound to the interfaces and
> that
> > > the
> > > > > >OSPF area boundaries fall within a router. This statement is not
> very
> > > clear
> > > > > >and it gets more confusing when its said that in ISIS, area
> boundaries
> > > is on
> > > > > >a link rather than in the router.
> > > > >
> > > > > this because the router itself is configured as part of one area.
> > > > > What you did in your example below is that you forced (through
some
> > > > > interface configuration commands) the router to establish a
specific
> > > > > adjacency level. But this doesn't mean that the router is part of
> > > > > more areas. The router is still part of one area.
> > > > >
> > > > > s.
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > >What is bothering me is the fact that in
> > > > > >ISIS also its only on the interface basis that i say that the
> > > particular
> > > > > >link is L1 or L2.
> > > > > >Let me explain . .
> > > > > >A, B are both  cisco routers
> > > > > >
> > > > > >A ---------------------  B
> > > > > >(L1/L2)                        (L1)
> > > > > >
> > > > > >A and B are both in the same area
> > > > > >
> > > > > >Configuration of router A would be
> > > > > >
> > > > > >interface loopback0
> > > > > >ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255
> > > > > >!
> > > > > >interface Pos2/0/0
> > > > > >ip address 192.168.16.1 255.255.255.0
> > > > > >ip router isis
> > > > > >isis circuit-type-level-2
> > > > > >!
> > > > > >Fastethernet4/0/0
> > > > > >ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
> > > > > >ip router isis
> > > > > >isis circuit-type-level-1
> > > > > >!
> > > > > >router isis
> > > > > >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1001.00
> > > > > >
> > > > > >(1) If we look at the profile definition then here also we have
> defined
> > > the
> > > > > >areas  on the interfaces basis .. saying that 192.168.16/24 is my
> L2
> > > while
> > > > > >192.168.11/24 is L1.
> > > > > >(2) Will all of the LSPs recvd on any one of the interfaces be
> known to
> > > the
> > > > > >other ?
> > > > > >
> > > > > >Router  configuration of Router B
> > > > > >
> > > > > >interface loopback0
> > > > > >ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.255
> > > > > >!
> > > > > >interface Fastethernet0/0
> > > > > >ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
> > > > > >ip router isis
> > > > > >isis circuit-type-level-1
> > > > > >!
> > > > > >router isis
> > > > > >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1002
> > > > > >
> > > > > >(1) Here on the 192.168.1/24 interface both the routers are
running
> L1
> > > level
> > > > > >routing .. So is ISIS not interface based ??
> > > > > >
> > > > > >Please explain . .
> > > > > >
> > > > > >Regards,
> > > > > >Swati
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > >_________________________________________________________
> > > > > >Do You Yahoo!?
> > > > > >Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> > > > > >
> > > > > >_______________________________________________
> > > > > >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > > > > >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > > > >
> > > > > _______________________________________________
> > > > > Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > > > > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > > > >
> > >
> > >
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> > >
> >
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>


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Date: Thu, 09 Aug 2001 11:13:14 -0500

At 20:28 08/09/2001 +0530, Swati Rastogi wrote:
>Mike,
>If this is so then I am having problems visualizing as to how we can assign
>multiple addresses to an IS. For i always thought that area addresses are
>assigned per interface basis.

NSAP's are applied per node, while IP addresses are applied per interface.

If we assign multiple NSAP's to a single node, that "area" is actually the 
union of those area addresses.

>There is this line in the rfc 1195 which says .. "A level 1 router will
>refuse to become a neighbor with a node whose area addresses do not overlap
>its area address."

If a router is an L1-Only router and receives an IIH from a neighbor with a 
different Area Address, it will not form an adjacency.

>This creates a confusion too .. Consider the topology as
>shown below.
>
>A ----- B ------ C
>(l1)      (l2)         (l1)
>
>A & B are in the same area while C is in a different area.
>A and C are L1 routers and B is an L2 only.
>
>Firstly .. is this configuration possible ??

If A is L1-Only, and B is L2-Only, what level of adjacency would they 
form?  If C is in a different are, but is L1-Only, what level of adjacency 
would it form with B, which is L2-Only?  This would be a broken 
design.  Make A L1-Only, B L1L2, and C L1L2 and everything works fine.

>Secondly .. B and C are in different areas so how does the adjaceny go up ??

It will only go up if you allow them to form L2 adjacencies.

>Thirdly .. A is a L1 router while B is L2 .. Can they communicate ..

No.

>  I
>thought that B should then be L1/L2

Yes, you need to allow adjacency usage L1, with B being an L1L2 router.


>I know i am being miserable .. but please help!
>
>Thanks in advance ..
>
>Swati
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: "Mike Truskowski" <truskows@cisco.com>
>To: "stefano previdi" <sprevidi@cisco.com>
>Cc: <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>; <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
>Sent: Thursday, August 09, 2001 7:25 PM
>Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
>
>
> > Swati,
> > First of all you are discussing the actions of a protocol
> > and trying to relate them to how a router is configured.
> > This is hard to do.....
> >
> > Consider a processor with I/O ports attached.
> >
> > For OSPF, when the processor runs OSPF each I/O port
> > must be told that it is running OSPF and "which" area
> > it is in.
> >
> > For ISIS, when the processor runs ISIS it is given
> > an area address by default within the NET.   Now
> > when an I/O port is enabled for ISIS they belong
> > to the same area as the processor or instance of ISIS
> >
> > Consider a simple example using 1 NET.
> > So with a router... you configure the router to
> > start ISIS by saying "router isis"  but you also
> > must tell this router his NET.
> >
> > router isis
> > net 490001xxxxssssss00
> >
> > Now when you enable an interface the interface is in
> > this area by default....490001xxxx.
> >
> > mike
> >
> > >
> > > At 08:26 09/08/2001, Swati Rastogi wrote:
> > > >Hi,
> > > >In OSPF it is said that the areas are bound to the interfaces and that
>the
> > > >OSPF area boundaries fall within a router. This statement is not very
>clear
> > > >and it gets more confusing when its said that in ISIS, area boundaries
>is on
> > > >a link rather than in the router.
> > >
> > > this because the router itself is configured as part of one area.
> > > What you did in your example below is that you forced (through some
> > > interface configuration commands) the router to establish a specific
> > > adjacency level. But this doesn't mean that the router is part of
> > > more areas. The router is still part of one area.
> > >
> > > s.
> > >
> > >
> > > >What is bothering me is the fact that in
> > > >ISIS also its only on the interface basis that i say that the
>particular
> > > >link is L1 or L2.
> > > >Let me explain . .
> > > >A, B are both  cisco routers
> > > >
> > > >A ---------------------  B
> > > >(L1/L2)                        (L1)
> > > >
> > > >A and B are both in the same area
> > > >
> > > >Configuration of router A would be
> > > >
> > > >interface loopback0
> > > >ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255
> > > >!
> > > >interface Pos2/0/0
> > > >ip address 192.168.16.1 255.255.255.0
> > > >ip router isis
> > > >isis circuit-type-level-2
> > > >!
> > > >Fastethernet4/0/0
> > > >ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
> > > >ip router isis
> > > >isis circuit-type-level-1
> > > >!
> > > >router isis
> > > >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1001.00
> > > >
> > > >(1) If we look at the profile definition then here also we have defined
>the
> > > >areas  on the interfaces basis .. saying that 192.168.16/24 is my L2
>while
> > > >192.168.11/24 is L1.
> > > >(2) Will all of the LSPs recvd on any one of the interfaces be known to
>the
> > > >other ?
> > > >
> > > >Router  configuration of Router B
> > > >
> > > >interface loopback0
> > > >ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.255
> > > >!
> > > >interface Fastethernet0/0
> > > >ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
> > > >ip router isis
> > > >isis circuit-type-level-1
> > > >!
> > > >router isis
> > > >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1002
> > > >
> > > >(1) Here on the 192.168.1/24 interface both the routers are running L1
>level
> > > >routing .. So is ISIS not interface based ??
> > > >
> > > >Please explain . .
> > > >
> > > >Regards,
> > > >Swati
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >_________________________________________________________
> > > >Do You Yahoo!?
> > > >Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> > > >
> > > >_______________________________________________
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> > > >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > >
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> > > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > >
>
>
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To: "sudhir dskjf" <srikrishna_nh@yahoo.co.in>,
        "Micah Bartell" <mbartell@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Routing or forwarding
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Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2001 21:52:19 +0530
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I think what Sudhir meant was that if IS-IS just performs the routing
functions then who forwards these packets (ISIS) to the underlying network
.. since it is not supposed to be running on top of any networking layer
protocol !

Manav
----- Original Message -----
From: "Micah Bartell" <mbartell@cisco.com>
To: "sudhir dskjf" <srikrishna_nh@yahoo.co.in>
Cc: <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Sent: Thursday, August 09, 2001 9:29 PM
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Routing or forwarding


> Or are you talking about IS-IS fowarding LSP's?  Because IS-IS runs
> directly over the data link, it would not make use of CLNS or IP for it's
> forwarding.  Some other protocols do make use of other L3 protocols for
> forwarding routing information, such as OSPF making use of IP.
>
> Is this what you were looking for?
>
> /mpb
>
> At 10:20 08/09/2001 +0100, sudhir dskjf wrote:
> >hi all,
> >The Dual Is-Is performs routing i.e to calculate the
> >optimal path or it forwards packets also?
> >I have this doubt because i read that the IS-IS uses
> >the services of the data link directly. Can a routing
> >protocol make use of a lower layer services or the
> >Is-IS protocol makes use of CLNP or Ip for forwarding.
> >
> >thanks in advance
> >srikrishna
> >
> >____________________________________________________________
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> >events. Visit http://in.groups.yahoo.com.
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Subject: Re: Fw: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
To: swatirstogi@yahoo.com (Swati Rastogi)
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Date: Thu, 09 Aug 2001 9:20:20 PDT


Swati,
Yep, I got it wrong...

I answered the questions for the following topology.

  A----B----C
 (11) (12) (11).

A and C in same area = 11
B in area 12

A and C are L1 only
B is L1/L2.


I will go back an reply properly to what you sent the first
time...

mike
> 
> 
> Pl. see my comments inline ..
> 
> > Hi Mike,
> > I am working in a startup company and we are trying to develop the entire
> > tcp/ip stack. I have to look after the integrated ISIS .. this is my
> second
> > job .. prior to this i was working on BGP for a firm known as Tata
> > Consultancy Services (TCS) ..
> >
> > Regards,
> > Swati Rastogi
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: "Mike Truskowski" <truskows@cisco.com>
> > To: "Swati Rastogi" <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>
> > Cc: <truskows@cisco.com>; <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
> > Sent: Thursday, August 09, 2001 8:49 PM
> > Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
> >
> >
> > > I don't mind answering questions but I want to know
> > > who you work for.
> 
> > > >
> > > > A ----- B ------ C
> > > > (l1)      (l2)         (l1)
> > > >
> > > > A & B are in the same area while C is in a different area.
> > > > A and C are L1 routers and B is an L2 only.
> > > >
> > > > Firstly .. is this configuration possible ??
> > > This is not a valid topology "if" the lines connecting
> > > them is serial links.  If so put B into the same are by
> > > saying:
> > > router isis
> > > net 12
> > > net 11
> > >
> > > If you want to the the following with an ethernet...
> > >
> > >        B (11)
> > >        |
> > >  -------------
> > >   |      |
> > >   A(12)  C(12)
> > >
> > >  Then this works as long as either A or C is L1/L2 and
> > > B is L2.
> > >
> > > A and C will create a L1 adjacency.
> 
> Can i have L1 adjaceny between ISs in differet areas !
> How !?!?!
> 
> AFAIK i mentioned that A & B are in the same area while C is in some other
> area.
> 
> > > C and B will create a L2 adjacency.
> 
> I think you got the routers wrong !
> Your figure above says that B is L1 then how can it have L2 adjaceny with B
> ???
> 
> > > If A wants to send a packet to B then the router will
> > > be A-to-C-to-B... following the L2 route.
> 
> Why A and B are in same areas ..  !?!?
> 
> I think you had smthg else in mind and you have written something else ..
> could you please check that !
> 
> Regards,
> Swati
> 
> 
> > >
> > > A will pick C because C having the adjacency with B will
> > > have access to external areas.  Then the L1 instance on
> > > C will set the ATT bit telling A that C has a path.
> > > During SPF time A will set C as the next hop out to forward
> > > packets outside the area.
> > >
> > > > Secondly .. B and C are in different areas so how does the adjaceny go
> > up ??
> > > The adjacency in this case will not come up.
> > > A and C are L1 in area 11.  B is in 12.
> > > No level 1 adjacency because they must be in the same area.
> > > No level 2 because only B is level 2.
> > > If you change, say C, to be L1/L2 then there will be
> > > an adjacency between B & C.  A will be black holed.  Alone
> > > and unreachable.
> > >
> > > > Thirdly .. A is a L1 router while B is L2 .. Can they communicate .. I
> > > > thought that B should then be L1/L2
> > > See above.
> > >
> > > Mike
> > >
> > >
> > > >
> > > > I know i am being miserable .. but please help!
> > > >
> > > > Thanks in advance ..
> > > >
> > > > Swati
> > > >
> > > > ----- Original Message -----
> > > > From: "Mike Truskowski" <truskows@cisco.com>
> > > > To: "stefano previdi" <sprevidi@cisco.com>
> > > > Cc: <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>; <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
> > > > Sent: Thursday, August 09, 2001 7:25 PM
> > > > Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > > Swati,
> > > > > First of all you are discussing the actions of a protocol
> > > > > and trying to relate them to how a router is configured.
> > > > > This is hard to do.....
> > > > >
> > > > > Consider a processor with I/O ports attached.
> > > > >
> > > > > For OSPF, when the processor runs OSPF each I/O port
> > > > > must be told that it is running OSPF and "which" area
> > > > > it is in.
> > > > >
> > > > > For ISIS, when the processor runs ISIS it is given
> > > > > an area address by default within the NET.   Now
> > > > > when an I/O port is enabled for ISIS they belong
> > > > > to the same area as the processor or instance of ISIS
> > > > >
> > > > > Consider a simple example using 1 NET.
> > > > > So with a router... you configure the router to
> > > > > start ISIS by saying "router isis"  but you also
> > > > > must tell this router his NET.
> > > > >
> > > > > router isis
> > > > > net 490001xxxxssssss00
> > > > >
> > > > > Now when you enable an interface the interface is in
> > > > > this area by default....490001xxxx.
> > > > >
> > > > > mike
> > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > At 08:26 09/08/2001, Swati Rastogi wrote:
> > > > > > >Hi,
> > > > > > >In OSPF it is said that the areas are bound to the interfaces and
> > that
> > > > the
> > > > > > >OSPF area boundaries fall within a router. This statement is not
> > very
> > > > clear
> > > > > > >and it gets more confusing when its said that in ISIS, area
> > boundaries
> > > > is on
> > > > > > >a link rather than in the router.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > this because the router itself is configured as part of one area.
> > > > > > What you did in your example below is that you forced (through
> some
> > > > > > interface configuration commands) the router to establish a
> specific
> > > > > > adjacency level. But this doesn't mean that the router is part of
> > > > > > more areas. The router is still part of one area.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > s.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >
> > > > > > >What is bothering me is the fact that in
> > > > > > >ISIS also its only on the interface basis that i say that the
> > > > particular
> > > > > > >link is L1 or L2.
> > > > > > >Let me explain . .
> > > > > > >A, B are both  cisco routers
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >A ---------------------  B
> > > > > > >(L1/L2)                        (L1)
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >A and B are both in the same area
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >Configuration of router A would be
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >interface loopback0
> > > > > > >ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255
> > > > > > >!
> > > > > > >interface Pos2/0/0
> > > > > > >ip address 192.168.16.1 255.255.255.0
> > > > > > >ip router isis
> > > > > > >isis circuit-type-level-2
> > > > > > >!
> > > > > > >Fastethernet4/0/0
> > > > > > >ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
> > > > > > >ip router isis
> > > > > > >isis circuit-type-level-1
> > > > > > >!
> > > > > > >router isis
> > > > > > >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1001.00
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >(1) If we look at the profile definition then here also we have
> > defined
> > > > the
> > > > > > >areas  on the interfaces basis .. saying that 192.168.16/24 is my
> > L2
> > > > while
> > > > > > >192.168.11/24 is L1.
> > > > > > >(2) Will all of the LSPs recvd on any one of the interfaces be
> > known to
> > > > the
> > > > > > >other ?
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >Router  configuration of Router B
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >interface loopback0
> > > > > > >ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.255
> > > > > > >!
> > > > > > >interface Fastethernet0/0
> > > > > > >ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
> > > > > > >ip router isis
> > > > > > >isis circuit-type-level-1
> > > > > > >!
> > > > > > >router isis
> > > > > > >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1002
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >(1) Here on the 192.168.1/24 interface both the routers are
> running
> > L1
> > > > level
> > > > > > >routing .. So is ISIS not interface based ??
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >Please explain . .
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >Regards,
> > > > > > >Swati
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >_________________________________________________________
> > > > > > >Do You Yahoo!?
> > > > > > >Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >_______________________________________________
> > > > > > >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > > > > > >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > > > > >
> > > > > > _______________________________________________
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> > > > > > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > > > > >
> > > >
> > > >
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> > >
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> >
> 
> 
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From: Mike Truskowski <truskows@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
To: swatirstogi@yahoo.com (Swati Rastogi)
Cc: truskows@cisco.com, isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
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Date: Thu, 09 Aug 2001 9:27:39 PDT


Swati,
Second try ... here goes with your topology below.

> 
> Mike,
> If this is so then I am having problems visualizing as to how we can assign
> multiple addresses to an IS. For i always thought that area addresses are
> assigned per interface basis.
> There is this line in the rfc 1195 which says .. "A level 1 router will
> refuse to become a neighbor with a node whose area addresses do not overlap
> its area address." This creates a confusion too .. Consider the topology as
> shown below.
> 
> A ----- B ------ C
> (l1)      (l2)         (l1)
  L1        L2           L1

> 
> A & B are in the same area while C is in a different area.
> A and C are L1 routers and B is an L2 only.
> 
> Firstly .. is this configuration possible ??

It is possible but will not work.
L1 adjacencies are separate from L2 adjacencies.
So A and B need a L1 adj. but can not because B is
not L1.
C can not talk to B because they are in different areas and
 they need a L2 adj.   So C needs to be L1/L2.

This works:

  A--------B-----------C
area 1     1           2
  L1     L1/L2        L2/L1

> Secondly .. B and C are in different areas so how does the adjaceny go up ??
It does not.
C must be L2.  They there will be only a L2 adj.  No L1 adj.

> Thirdly .. A is a L1 router while B is L2 .. Can they communicate .. I
> thought that B should then be L1/L2
B must be L1/L2 for A to talk to it.


The discussion I had before was actually more detailed but the
topology was also different.  Match the discussion with the
topology I replied with and you will have a couple of scenarios
to play iwth.

Mike

> 
> I know i am being miserable .. but please help!
> 
> Thanks in advance ..
> 
> Swati
> 
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Mike Truskowski" <truskows@cisco.com>
> To: "stefano previdi" <sprevidi@cisco.com>
> Cc: <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>; <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
> Sent: Thursday, August 09, 2001 7:25 PM
> Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Area Architecture
> 
> 
> > Swati,
> > First of all you are discussing the actions of a protocol
> > and trying to relate them to how a router is configured.
> > This is hard to do.....
> >
> > Consider a processor with I/O ports attached.
> >
> > For OSPF, when the processor runs OSPF each I/O port
> > must be told that it is running OSPF and "which" area
> > it is in.
> >
> > For ISIS, when the processor runs ISIS it is given
> > an area address by default within the NET.   Now
> > when an I/O port is enabled for ISIS they belong
> > to the same area as the processor or instance of ISIS
> >
> > Consider a simple example using 1 NET.
> > So with a router... you configure the router to
> > start ISIS by saying "router isis"  but you also
> > must tell this router his NET.
> >
> > router isis
> > net 490001xxxxssssss00
> >
> > Now when you enable an interface the interface is in
> > this area by default....490001xxxx.
> >
> > mike
> >
> > >
> > > At 08:26 09/08/2001, Swati Rastogi wrote:
> > > >Hi,
> > > >In OSPF it is said that the areas are bound to the interfaces and that
> the
> > > >OSPF area boundaries fall within a router. This statement is not very
> clear
> > > >and it gets more confusing when its said that in ISIS, area boundaries
> is on
> > > >a link rather than in the router.
> > >
> > > this because the router itself is configured as part of one area.
> > > What you did in your example below is that you forced (through some
> > > interface configuration commands) the router to establish a specific
> > > adjacency level. But this doesn't mean that the router is part of
> > > more areas. The router is still part of one area.
> > >
> > > s.
> > >
> > >
> > > >What is bothering me is the fact that in
> > > >ISIS also its only on the interface basis that i say that the
> particular
> > > >link is L1 or L2.
> > > >Let me explain . .
> > > >A, B are both  cisco routers
> > > >
> > > >A ---------------------  B
> > > >(L1/L2)                        (L1)
> > > >
> > > >A and B are both in the same area
> > > >
> > > >Configuration of router A would be
> > > >
> > > >interface loopback0
> > > >ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.255
> > > >!
> > > >interface Pos2/0/0
> > > >ip address 192.168.16.1 255.255.255.0
> > > >ip router isis
> > > >isis circuit-type-level-2
> > > >!
> > > >Fastethernet4/0/0
> > > >ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0
> > > >ip router isis
> > > >isis circuit-type-level-1
> > > >!
> > > >router isis
> > > >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1001.00
> > > >
> > > >(1) If we look at the profile definition then here also we have defined
> the
> > > >areas  on the interfaces basis .. saying that 192.168.16/24 is my L2
> while
> > > >192.168.11/24 is L1.
> > > >(2) Will all of the LSPs recvd on any one of the interfaces be known to
> the
> > > >other ?
> > > >
> > > >Router  configuration of Router B
> > > >
> > > >interface loopback0
> > > >ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.255
> > > >!
> > > >interface Fastethernet0/0
> > > >ip address 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.0
> > > >ip router isis
> > > >isis circuit-type-level-1
> > > >!
> > > >router isis
> > > >net 49.0001.1921.6800.1002
> > > >
> > > >(1) Here on the 192.168.1/24 interface both the routers are running L1
> level
> > > >routing .. So is ISIS not interface based ??
> > > >
> > > >Please explain . .
> > > >
> > > >Regards,
> > > >Swati
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >_________________________________________________________
> > > >Do You Yahoo!?
> > > >Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> > > >
> > > >_______________________________________________
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> > > >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > >
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> > > Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > >
> 
> 
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> >If this is so then I am having problems visualizing as to how we can
assign
> >multiple addresses to an IS. For i always thought that area addresses are
> >assigned per interface basis.
>
> NSAP's are applied per node, while IP addresses are applied per interface.
>
> If we assign multiple NSAP's to a single node, that "area" is actually the
> union of those area addresses.

Can you please expound on the above point ..
As i understand node refers to an IS .. Are you implying that one IS can be
in multiple areas ??

Regards,
Swati



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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Thu Aug  9 13:26:51 2001
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Hi everybody,
I am Mareline Sheldon and am new to this mailing list. I was looking around
the mail archieves and was glad that i found some because what is being
discussed here is exactly what i am looking for .. Here i go ..

Say i am a L1/L2 router and i have a L1 adjacency with router A and L2
adjaceny with router B. I will in principle then be only flooding L1 LSPs to
A and L2 LSPs to B.
And if i have a L1/L2 adjacency with IS C .. then i shall be flooding both
??

True ??

But i have a feeling .. that i cant have L1/L2 adjaceny with some IS ??

/mary

--
Nipon Datacom






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Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Routing or forwarding
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Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2001 10:27:03 -0700

A routing protocol is part of the control plane...it merely 
provides the required information to the data plane for the 
forwarding to take place. As far as getting the control packets
themselves across, since IS-IS (and OSPF for that matter) are
not sending out their PDU's beyond 1 hop, the receiving peer will 
know to send the PDU up the stack to ISIS based on the protocol
ID's (0xFEFE or 0x0021 etc)...actually, it is not really a "taken
for granted" thing...for example, say over a POS link, you have 
2 different PDU's ...
  1) PPP-IP
  2) PPP-ISIS
assuming that software forwarding is a thing of the past, in case 1)
the data plane will make a forwarding decision based on the DST_ADDR
and either send it to CPU or forward it directly...for case 2), there
explicitly has to be special handling in the data plane, to send this 
to CPU (stack) as a terminating packet...note that this handling is 
implicitly taken care of for say OSPF or BGP since they are on top of IP.
  hope this answers your question
  anand
ps: Though I don't think the spec has anything against ISIS running over IP,
but
    I doubt if there are any such implementations on the field.
    
-----Original Message-----
From: Manav Bhatia [mailto:mnvbhatia@yahoo.com]
Sent: Thursday, August 09, 2001 9:22 AM
To: sudhir dskjf; Micah Bartell
Cc: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Routing or forwarding


I think what Sudhir meant was that if IS-IS just performs the routing
functions then who forwards these packets (ISIS) to the underlying network
.. since it is not supposed to be running on top of any networking layer
protocol !

Manav
----- Original Message -----
From: "Micah Bartell" <mbartell@cisco.com>
To: "sudhir dskjf" <srikrishna_nh@yahoo.co.in>
Cc: <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Sent: Thursday, August 09, 2001 9:29 PM
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Routing or forwarding


> Or are you talking about IS-IS fowarding LSP's?  Because IS-IS runs
> directly over the data link, it would not make use of CLNS or IP for it's
> forwarding.  Some other protocols do make use of other L3 protocols for
> forwarding routing information, such as OSPF making use of IP.
>
> Is this what you were looking for?
>
> /mpb
>
> At 10:20 08/09/2001 +0100, sudhir dskjf wrote:
> >hi all,
> >The Dual Is-Is performs routing i.e to calculate the
> >optimal path or it forwards packets also?
> >I have this doubt because i read that the IS-IS uses
> >the services of the data link directly. Can a routing
> >protocol make use of a lower layer services or the
> >Is-IS protocol makes use of CLNP or Ip for forwarding.
> >
> >thanks in advance
> >srikrishna
> >
> >____________________________________________________________
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Date: Thu, 09 Aug 2001 12:29:14 -0400

At 10:47 AM 8/9/2001, Ken Larmer wrote:

>Thanks for all the corrections :^)
>
>I have a very bad habit of calling all OSI packets CLNP, when they are
>clearly not! Furthermore, I apologize if I miss-represented the evolution of
>OSI!
>
>Just a couple of comments and I'll fade away!
>
>Jeff, I believe you meant to say X.25 over ethernet is LLC2 not LLC3. Please
>correct me if I'm wrong. BTW, Digital had a lot of customers running this
>hack.

OOPS!  You're right, LLC2 is connection-oriented LLC.  LLC3 was from MAP
(GM's manufacturing automation protocol).

>I also realize you can run IS-IS over a X.25 PVC on one IS-IS implementation
>I know of. My comment was simply stating that this is not a common practice.

You can also run it over an SVC, as long as it is statically assigned,
rather than than one that comes up and goes down


>Jeff, please help me here, I made the following statement:
>
>>Now, how does this tie into CLNP (Connection-Less Network Protocol) and the
>>format of OSI packets? Well, both CONS and CLNS networks transfer OSI data
>>in CLNP packet formats.
>
>Your response:
>
>>False.  The protocol used to provide CONS is X.25, and involves
>>no CLNP packets.  CLNP can operate over X.25, but CONS is not involved.
>
>What is the format? CONS is used establish the connection and IS-IS does the
>forwarding. I know I didn't state that, but is that true?

IS-IS never does forwarding.  It's just a routing protocol, which
derives routing information for the use of the network layer data
protocol, which forwards the data.

IS-IS was designed for use with CLNP, and then extended for use with
IP.  It has never been standardized for use with CONS.

CONS itself, like CLNS itself, is an abstract service definition and
does not impose a protocol.  There are other specifications that
state how to provide CONS using X.25 as a network access protocol.
(The actual network delivery protocol and routing protocols for
X.25 are not standard, because it's the X.25 service provider's
job -- in this case the X.25 service provider is a company or
national organization.  They can do whatever they want, as
long as they provide a service that can be interfaced to using
X.25.)

>Jeff, please help me here, I made the following statement:
>
>>On a CLNS Ethernet network, OSI packets are exchanged using IEEE 802.3
>>formatted ethernet frames. The data portion of an IEEE 802.3 frame, which
>is
>>carrying OSI data, must have as its first octet a value of 128 (81 hex) =
>>OSI data packet, 129 (82 hex) ES-IS control packet or 130 (83 hex) IS-IS
>>control packet. This first octet is referred to as the NLPID (Network Layer
>>Protocol Identifier) for ES-IS and OSI data and error packets and as IRPD
>>(Intradomain Routing Protocol Discriminator) for IS-IS control packets.
>
>Your response:
>
>>IDRP is the inTER-domain routing protocol, not inTRA-domain, which is
>>IS-IS.  IDRP serves the same role as BGP does for IP, and like BGP is
>>a distance-vector protocol, not a link-state protocol.
>
>Jeff, did you mean IDRPI (Inter-Domain Routing Protocol Information) from
>RFC 1195. My statement refers to ISO-10589 control packets, the first octet
>of which is the IRPD (Intradomain Routing Protocol Discriminator)field. Of
>course, we could throw another 1,000 acronyms into OSI so it would be a bit
>more confusing.

No, I wasn't referring to IDRPI.  IDRP stands for "Interdomain Routeing
Protocol", which is like BGP.  The first octet of an OSI connectionless
network layer protocol packet isthe NLPI, "Network layer protocol ID", aka
NPID or NLPID.  I don't recall an IRPD (I thought that was a transposition
on your part), so my response was non-sequitur.  Where is that IRDP defined?

>I believe that this open discussion is good for this working group. Much to
>often I see questions go unanswered because many folks do not have all the
>right answers or the ones that do are too busy to respond. I would rather
>see this type of discussion, than have a bunch of folks who are to afraid to
>respond because they may get some portion of their response wrong. This
>stuff is extremely complex and needs many minds to get the facts 100%
>correct.
>
>Just my thoughts!
>
>Cheers,
>Ken

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Thu Aug  9 13:52:56 2001
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Date: Thu, 09 Aug 2001 12:51:33 -0500

No, I am saying that an area can have multiple area addresses.

/mpb

At 22:46 08/09/2001 +0530, Swati Rastogi wrote:
> > >If this is so then I am having problems visualizing as to how we can
>assign
> > >multiple addresses to an IS. For i always thought that area addresses are
> > >assigned per interface basis.
> >
> > NSAP's are applied per node, while IP addresses are applied per interface.
> >
> > If we assign multiple NSAP's to a single node, that "area" is actually the
> > union of those area addresses.
>
>Can you please expound on the above point ..
>As i understand node refers to an IS .. Are you implying that one IS can be
>in multiple areas ??
>
>Regards,
>Swati
>
>
>
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Thu Aug  9 14:04:10 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Levels and adjacencies
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Date: Thu, 09 Aug 2001 14:02:42 -0400
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Mareline Sheldon wrote:

> Hi everybody,
> I am Mareline Sheldon and am new to this mailing list. I was looking around
> the mail archieves and was glad that i found some because what is being
> discussed here is exactly what i am looking for .. Here i go ..
>
> Say i am a L1/L2 router and i have a L1 adjacency with router A and L2
> adjaceny with router B. I will in principle then be only flooding L1 LSPs to
> A and L2 LSPs to B.

That is true.

>
> And if i have a L1/L2 adjacency with IS C .. then i shall be flooding both
> ??
>
> True ??
>

You can have L1/L2 adjacency with a router over a point to point link if both
levels are enabled on both routers' interfaces ( and an area address in common
for L1 ) and in this case you will be flooding both L1 and L2 LSPs. For
multiaccess links, there will be a seperate adjacency per enabled level.

Hope this helps...

Tayfun Gol

>

>
> But i have a feeling .. that i cant have L1/L2 adjaceny with some IS ??
>
> /mary
>
> --
> Nipon Datacom
>
> _________________________________________________________
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>
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From: "Ken Larmer" <Larmer@commsense.net>
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Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2001 14:44:23 -0400
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Sorry Jeff, I just have a couple more questions?

> IS-IS never does forwarding.  It's just a routing protocol, which
> derives routing information for the use of the network layer data
> protocol, which forwards the data.

Jeff, please help me out here, I am really confused! You stated that IS-IS
never does forwarding. I understand that it never does forwarding of IP
packets, but what about CLNP, does this still hold true?

> IS-IS was designed for use with CLNP, and then extended for use with
> IP.  It has never been standardized for use with CONS.

Jeff, ISO-10589 states the following, which I thought pertained to CONS
circuits? Please help to clear this up for me???

ISO 8208 subnetworks

8.3.1 Network layer protocols

The way in which the underlying service assumed by ISO 8473 is provided for
ISO 8208 subnetworks is described in clause 8 of ISO 8473. This defines a
set of Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Functions (SNDCFs) that relate the
service provided by specific individual ISO International Standard
subnetworks to the abstract "underlying service" defined in 5.5 of ISO 8473.
In particular 8.4.3 describes the Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Functions
used with ISO 8208 Subnetworks.

Use of ISO 8473 subnetwork dependent convergence functions

SVCs shall be established according to the procedures defined in the ISO
8208 Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Functions of ISO 8473 (this may be on
system management action or on arrival of data depending on the type of
circuit). The Call Request shall contain a Protocol Discriminator specifying
ISO 8473 in the first octet of Call Userdata.


> No, I wasn't referring to IDRPI.  IDRP stands for "Interdomain Routeing
> Protocol", which is like BGP.  The first octet of an OSI connectionless
> network layer protocol packet isthe NLPI, "Network layer protocol ID", aka
> NPID or NLPID.  I don't recall an IRPD (I thought that was a transposition
> on your part), so my response was non-sequitur.  Where is that
> IRDP defined?

Jeff, are you talking about the DSAP/SSAP of an IEEE 802.3 packet? The IDRP
(83) is what identifies an IS-IS packet within an IEEE 802.3 ethernet frame.

Cheers,
Ken

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Thu Aug  9 17:59:59 2001
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Date: Thu, 9 Aug 2001 14:57:48 -0700

> > No, I wasn't referring to IDRPI.  IDRP stands for 
> "Interdomain Routeing
> > Protocol", which is like BGP.  The first octet of an OSI 
> connectionless
> > network layer protocol packet isthe NLPI, "Network layer 
> protocol ID", aka
> > NPID or NLPID.  I don't recall an IRPD (I thought that was 
> a transposition
> > on your part), so my response was non-sequitur.  Where is that
> > IRDP defined?
> 
> Jeff, are you talking about the DSAP/SSAP of an IEEE 802.3 
> packet? The IDRP
> (83) is what identifies an IS-IS packet within an IEEE 802.3 
> ethernet frame.
> 


What Jeff is referring to here is:

[IS10747] ISO/IEC IS 10747 - Information Processing Systems -
             Telecommunications and Information Exchange between
             Systems - Protocol for Exchange of Inter-domain Routeing
             Information among Intermediate Systems to Support
             Forwarding of ISO 8473 PDUs, 1993.

This was OSI's version of an Inter-Domain routing protocol - referred to as
IDRP. It was assigned NLPID 0x84 for its PDUs. BGP4 used this an a reference
in its development. I don't believe there is any active work on IDRP - but I
could be mistaken there. Other folks are undoubtedly more knowledgeable on
that score.

In terms of an 802.3 packet, an OSI frame - which includes CLNP, ES-IS, and
IS-IS PDUs will have the following format:

Destination MAC address: 6 bytes
Source MAC address:      6 bytes
Length:                  2 bytes
LLC1 Header              3 bytes consisting of:                
   DSAP: 0xFE
   SSAP: 0xFE
   Type: 0x3  (Unnumbered Information)

Following these 17 bytes will be the start of the payload (or NPDU). The
first byte of that payload will be the NLPID of the PDU which is used to
identify the protocol:

   0x81 CLNS
   0x82 ES-IS
   0x83 IS-IS
   0x84 IDRP

  Les

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Hi,
The general structure of the NSAP structure as defined in RFC 1629 (6.2.1)
gives the length of system Identifier to be varying from 1-8 octets.
The length of the source ID for all the IS-IS PDUs as given in the rfc 1142
is 6 octets. Now if i have a system ID of 8 octets .. how do i map this into
6 octets in my IS-IS PDUs ??

Regards,
Manav Bhatia

"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2



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Subject: [Isis-wg] Manual Adjacencies
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The RFC 1142 (7.3.3.1) says "NOTE - Manual End system Adjacencies shall not
be included in a level 1 LSPs issued on behalf of a pseudonode, since that
would presuppose that all Intermediate systems on a broadcast subnetwork had
the same set of manual adjacencies as defined in the ciruit"

This is not very clear .. if it is not done so then how do manual
adjacencies get advertised on a psedonode ?

Please help!

/Mary


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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 10 06:22:53 2001
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Subject: [Isis-wg] doubts on IS-IS topology and addressing
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Hi,
   I need a small clarification on the IS-IS topology and addressing form=
ats. =


1. Is it must for Level-1 IS to have a adjacency maintained with a Level-=
2 IS or can the Level-1 IS communicate with a Level-2 IS via Level-1 IS?

2.Regarding the ISO DCC addressing format adopted for Is-IS addresses usi=
ng semi-octet decimal digits representation, the DSP is allocated 0-35 di=
gits. Assuming CFI =3D1 (single digit), then CDI =3D 3digits,ESI =3D 31 d=
igits, which adds up the total digits in the DSP to 35 digits. How is SEL=
 field of the DSP accomodated in this case?

Kindly help me on this reagrds

Thanks in advance
Regards
Manigandan

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 10 07:02:46 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] doubts on IS-IS topology and addressing
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 16:33:56 +0530
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>1. Is it must for Level-1 IS to have a adjacency maintained with a
>Level-2 IS or can the Level-1 IS communicate with a Level-2 IS via
>Level-1 IS?

When a L1 IS receives a packet, it examines the destination address in the
network layer header. If its within its area then routes based on the ID
portion of the address. Otherwise, the IS forwards the packet to the closest
level 2 IS and if an entry does not exist for it then the packet is either
dropped or forwarded to some default IS designated for such purposes.
Thus a level 1 IS can communicate with a level 2 IS via a level 1 IS acting
as a gateway to the "last resort" !

--
manav




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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 10:07:37 -0400

> ps: Though I don't think the spec has anything against ISIS 
> running over IP, but I doubt if there are any such 
> implementations on the field.

A bit of history on this...

There -was- a draft proposal to run ISIS over IP.  A number
of reasons were put forward for this, including allowing
larger LSPs (let IP handle fragmentation) and avoiding 
something refered to as the "ATM cell tax" that came about
if you needed to multiplex two protocols over ATM, and the
resulting effect of requiring two ATM cells to hols a TCP 
Ack.  There were folks who implemented this encapsulation.  

The chief driving force for seemed to be avoiding
the cell tax: there were doubts that adding a second
layer of fragmentation was a good thing.  

An alternative proposal to deal with the cell tax was
proposed which encodes both IP and ISIS traffic "raw",
and demultiplexes based on the difference between
the first nibble of the NLPID for ISIS (0x8) and 
the version number for IP (0x4 or 0x6).  This proposal
seems to have aged off the list, but gathered support
from several vendors.  

- jeff parker
- axiowave networks
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 10:49:16 -0400


First, don't rely on RFC 1142, which is a DRAFT standard.
There were changes to it before it became ISO 10589, which
is what you need to implement.  However, this text didn't
change -- manual adjacencies must be placed in the LSP of
the system that the manual adjacency is configured on, not
in the pseudonode LSP.

Jeff

At 02:42 AM 8/10/2001, Mareline Sheldon wrote:
>The RFC 1142 (7.3.3.1) says "NOTE - Manual End system Adjacencies shall not
>be included in a level 1 LSPs issued on behalf of a pseudonode, since that
>would presuppose that all Intermediate systems on a broadcast subnetwork had
>the same set of manual adjacencies as defined in the ciruit"
>
>This is not very clear .. if it is not done so then how do manual
>adjacencies get advertised on a psedonode ?
>
>Please help!
>
>/Mary
>
>
>_________________________________________________________
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>Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 10:50:29 -0400


Friends don't let friends use 8-byte system IDs ;-)

RFC 1142 is the draft standard.  One of the wonderful things that
the ISO committee did was to permit the system ID to be 1-8 bytes,
making our lives more enjoyable and increasing employment security
for software engineers.  The ID size must be constant throughout
a routing domain.

You need to implement ISO 10589, not the draft standard.

Regards,
Jeff

At 12:55 AM 8/10/2001, Manav Bhatia wrote:
>Hi,
>The general structure of the NSAP structure as defined in RFC 1629 (6.2.1)
>gives the length of system Identifier to be varying from 1-8 octets.
>The length of the source ID for all the IS-IS PDUs as given in the rfc 1142
>is 6 octets. Now if i have a system ID of 8 octets .. how do i map this into
>6 octets in my IS-IS PDUs ??
>
>Regards,
>Manav Bhatia
>
>"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2
>
>
>
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 10:05:40 -0500

To the best of my knowledge, no one has implemented anything but 6 byte 
systemID's.

Also, the sourceID is systemID Length +1.

Area addresses however are implemented variable length.

/mpb


At 10:50 08/10/2001 -0400, Jeff Learman wrote:

>Friends don't let friends use 8-byte system IDs ;-)
>
>RFC 1142 is the draft standard.  One of the wonderful things that
>the ISO committee did was to permit the system ID to be 1-8 bytes,
>making our lives more enjoyable and increasing employment security
>for software engineers.  The ID size must be constant throughout
>a routing domain.
>
>You need to implement ISO 10589, not the draft standard.
>
>Regards,
>Jeff
>
>At 12:55 AM 8/10/2001, Manav Bhatia wrote:
> >Hi,
> >The general structure of the NSAP structure as defined in RFC 1629 (6.2.1)
> >gives the length of system Identifier to be varying from 1-8 octets.
> >The length of the source ID for all the IS-IS PDUs as given in the rfc 1142
> >is 6 octets. Now if i have a system ID of 8 octets .. how do i map this into
> >6 octets in my IS-IS PDUs ??
> >
> >Regards,
> >Manav Bhatia
> >
> >"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2
> >
> >
> >
> >_________________________________________________________
> >Do You Yahoo!?
> >Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
>
>_______________________________________________
>Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
>http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg

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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] NSAP Structure
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 20:45:35 +0530
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> To the best of my knowledge, no one has implemented anything but 6 byte
> systemID's.

But its defined in the RFC .. so there is no garuntee that all systems IDs
will fall under 6 bytes !

>
> Also, the sourceID is systemID Length +1.

Is the +1 for the SEL byte ??
I dont think the SEL byte is included in defining the unique ID of the IS
i.e. Source ID !

>
> Area addresses however are implemented variable length.

Area addresses may  computed as (total length - (system ID +1) )
I read it somewhere but its not exactly flashing me where ..

Manav

>
> /mpb
>
>
> At 10:50 08/10/2001 -0400, Jeff Learman wrote:
>
> >Friends don't let friends use 8-byte system IDs ;-)
> >
> >RFC 1142 is the draft standard.  One of the wonderful things that
> >the ISO committee did was to permit the system ID to be 1-8 bytes,
> >making our lives more enjoyable and increasing employment security
> >for software engineers.  The ID size must be constant throughout
> >a routing domain.
> >
> >You need to implement ISO 10589, not the draft standard.
> >
> >Regards,
> >Jeff
> >
> >At 12:55 AM 8/10/2001, Manav Bhatia wrote:
> > >Hi,
> > >The general structure of the NSAP structure as defined in RFC 1629
(6.2.1)
> > >gives the length of system Identifier to be varying from 1-8 octets.
> > >The length of the source ID for all the IS-IS PDUs as given in the rfc
1142
> > >is 6 octets. Now if i have a system ID of 8 octets .. how do i map this
into
> > >6 octets in my IS-IS PDUs ??
> > >
> > >Regards,
> > >Manav Bhatia
> > >
> > >"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." --
K&R2
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >_________________________________________________________
> > >Do You Yahoo!?
> > >Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> > >
> > >_______________________________________________
> > >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg


_________________________________________________________
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 10 11:15:42 2001
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I was wondering why this draft got expired. Looking at the mail
archives, it just passed away silently. Does anybody have an idea?

Thanks in advance...

--

Tayfun Gol

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 10 11:21:43 2001
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To: "Manav Bhatia" <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>
From: Micah Bartell <mbartell@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] NSAP Structure
Cc: "Jeff Learman" <jlearman@cisco.com>, <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 10:19:42 -0500

Let me clarify.

The sourceID is IDlength (systemID) for LSP's.
For SNP's, it is IDlength+1, the +1 is a zero circuit ID.

/mpb


At 20:45 08/10/2001 +0530, Manav Bhatia wrote:
> > To the best of my knowledge, no one has implemented anything but 6 byte
> > systemID's.
>
>But its defined in the RFC .. so there is no garuntee that all systems IDs
>will fall under 6 bytes !
>
> >
> > Also, the sourceID is systemID Length +1.
>
>Is the +1 for the SEL byte ??
>I dont think the SEL byte is included in defining the unique ID of the IS
>i.e. Source ID !
>
> >
> > Area addresses however are implemented variable length.
>
>Area addresses may  computed as (total length - (system ID +1) )
>I read it somewhere but its not exactly flashing me where ..
>
>Manav
>
> >
> > /mpb
> >
> >
> > At 10:50 08/10/2001 -0400, Jeff Learman wrote:
> >
> > >Friends don't let friends use 8-byte system IDs ;-)
> > >
> > >RFC 1142 is the draft standard.  One of the wonderful things that
> > >the ISO committee did was to permit the system ID to be 1-8 bytes,
> > >making our lives more enjoyable and increasing employment security
> > >for software engineers.  The ID size must be constant throughout
> > >a routing domain.
> > >
> > >You need to implement ISO 10589, not the draft standard.
> > >
> > >Regards,
> > >Jeff
> > >
> > >At 12:55 AM 8/10/2001, Manav Bhatia wrote:
> > > >Hi,
> > > >The general structure of the NSAP structure as defined in RFC 1629
>(6.2.1)
> > > >gives the length of system Identifier to be varying from 1-8 octets.
> > > >The length of the source ID for all the IS-IS PDUs as given in the rfc
>1142
> > > >is 6 octets. Now if i have a system ID of 8 octets .. how do i map this
>into
> > > >6 octets in my IS-IS PDUs ??
> > > >
> > > >Regards,
> > > >Manav Bhatia
> > > >
> > > >"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." --
>K&R2
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >_________________________________________________________
> > > >Do You Yahoo!?
> > > >Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> > > >
> > > >_______________________________________________
> > > >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > > >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > >
> > >_______________________________________________
> > >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
>
>
>_________________________________________________________
>Do You Yahoo!?
>Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com

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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] NSAP Structure
To: mnvbhatia@yahoo.com ("Manav Bhatia")
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 8:22:53 PDT

See below...

> 
> > To the best of my knowledge, no one has implemented anything but 6 byte
> > systemID's.
> 
> But its defined in the RFC .. so there is no garuntee that all systems IDs
> will fall under 6 bytes !

Look, the systemID can be, by ISO, 1-8 bytes.  If you want to code
for 1-8 bytes.. fine...  but what Micah and Jeff are telling you is
that the "world" uses 6 byte ids and this is consistant domain 
wide.  

> 
> >
> > Also, the sourceID is systemID Length +1.

systemID = 6
nsel     =1

everything else in front of this is the area address.

mwt


> 
> Is the +1 for the SEL byte ??
> I dont think the SEL byte is included in defining the unique ID of the IS
> i.e. Source ID !
> 
> >
> > Area addresses however are implemented variable length.
> 
> Area addresses may  computed as (total length - (system ID +1) )
> I read it somewhere but its not exactly flashing me where ..
> 
> Manav
> 
> >
> > /mpb
> >
> >
> > At 10:50 08/10/2001 -0400, Jeff Learman wrote:
> >
> > >Friends don't let friends use 8-byte system IDs ;-)
> > >
> > >RFC 1142 is the draft standard.  One of the wonderful things that
> > >the ISO committee did was to permit the system ID to be 1-8 bytes,
> > >making our lives more enjoyable and increasing employment security
> > >for software engineers.  The ID size must be constant throughout
> > >a routing domain.
> > >
> > >You need to implement ISO 10589, not the draft standard.
> > >
> > >Regards,
> > >Jeff
> > >
> > >At 12:55 AM 8/10/2001, Manav Bhatia wrote:
> > > >Hi,
> > > >The general structure of the NSAP structure as defined in RFC 1629
> (6.2.1)
> > > >gives the length of system Identifier to be varying from 1-8 octets.
> > > >The length of the source ID for all the IS-IS PDUs as given in the rfc
> 1142
> > > >is 6 octets. Now if i have a system ID of 8 octets .. how do i map this
> into
> > > >6 octets in my IS-IS PDUs ??
> > > >
> > > >Regards,
> > > >Manav Bhatia
> > > >
> > > >"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." --
> K&R2
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >_________________________________________________________
> > > >Do You Yahoo!?
> > > >Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> > > >
> > > >_______________________________________________
> > > >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > > >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > >
> > >_______________________________________________
> > >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> 
> 
> _________________________________________________________
> Do You Yahoo!?
> Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg

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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Three way handshake draft
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 11:28:25 -0400
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Tayfun Gol wrote:

> I was wondering why this draft got expired. Looking at the mail
> archives, it just passed away silently. Does anybody have an idea?
>
> Thanks in advance...
>
> --
>
> Tayfun Gol
>
> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg

Tayfun,
Three way handshake draft passed last call in January and was submitted
to IESG for information RFC.  The draft's expiry date was January 2001
and hence was probably removed from IETF drafts page.

Thanks,
Rajesh

--

-------------------------------------------------------------
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Nortel Networks Inc 600 Technology Park Billerica, MA  01821
Ph: (978) 288-7791      Fax: (978) 670-8760
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 10 11:56:44 2001
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Subject: [Isis-wg] Appropriate standard document for implemention of ISIS
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Date: 10 Aug 2001 15:55:07 -0000
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Hi, =

     I have a confusion on which version of the below stated ISO 10589 st=
andards to follow for implementing the ISIS protocol? Which of this has t=
he bug-free specifications of this standard? =


1. ISO/IEC 10589:1992 =

2. ISO/IEC 10589:1992/Cor 1:1993
3. ISO/IEC 10589:1992/Cor 2:1996
4. ISO/IEC 10589:1992/Cor 3:1996
5. ISO/IEC 10589:1992/Amd 1:1996 Implementation conformance statement pro=
formas
6. ISO/IEC 10589:1992/Amd 2:1999 Extensions for group composition and rel=
ated MST multicast routeing.

Please help!!!

Thanks in advance

Regards,
Selvam

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 10 12:28:37 2001
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 12:26:15 -0400

> > To the best of my knowledge, no one has implemented 
> > anything but 6 byte systemID's.
> 
> But its defined in the RFC .. so there is no garuntee that 
> all systems IDs will fall under 6 bytes !

You will be within the letter of the spec if you release
a version of IS-IS that uses something other than 6 bytes.
However, you will have trouble interoperating with any
one else, and thus trouble deploying such gear.  

It is like one of those amusing laws that are left on the 
books that everyone knows enough to ignore.  Unfortunately
for those attempting to learn the protocol from the spec,
the spec includes facts that just aren't so.  

This issue pops up on the list from time to time, and 
serves as a shibboleth.  

- jeff parker
- axiowave networks
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From: Manav Bhatia <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 09:34:06 -0700 (PDT)

Thanks a lot for clearing this up !

--- Jeff Parker <jparker@axiowave.com> wrote:
> > > To the best of my knowledge, no one has implemented 
> > > anything but 6 byte systemID's.
> > 
> > But its defined in the RFC .. so there is no garuntee that 
> > all systems IDs will fall under 6 bytes !
> 
> You will be within the letter of the spec if you release
> a version of IS-IS that uses something other than 6 bytes.
> However, you will have trouble interoperating with any
> one else, and thus trouble deploying such gear.  
> 
> It is like one of those amusing laws that are left on the 
> books that everyone knows enough to ignore.  Unfortunately
> for those attempting to learn the protocol from the spec,
> the spec includes facts that just aren't so.  
> 
> This issue pops up on the list from time to time, and 
> serves as a shibboleth.  
> 
> - jeff parker
> - axiowave networks


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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 10 13:19:20 2001
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Subject: [Isis-wg] IS TYPE field
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 22:51:49 +0530
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Hi All,
In the Level 1 Link State PDU there is a field IS TYPE. It has two bits
where bit 1 set indicates that it is a L1 IS and bit 2 set indicates that it
is a L2 IS. The other combinations are unused. What should i set if the IS
is L1/L2 ?

Regards,
Manav Bhatia

"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2



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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 10 14:24:40 2001
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 14:22:13 -0400

> > Are you implying  that one IS can be
> > in multiple areas ??

> No, I am saying that an area can have multiple area addresses.
> 
> /mpb

This does sound puzzling, but has a useful application.

If you have two ISIS areas, A and B, that you wish to combine 
into one, you can do this by going to all the routers in area
A, one by one, and adding area B.    

Two routers that share a common area will form an association.
This forms a large area with all routers in B, and some in 
B as well as A.  The administrator can now go around and remove
area A from all routers.  The result is that neither Area A
nor Area B are ever split up, even though only one router is 
changed at a time.  

There is provision in the spec for configuring a router a 
third area.  This is akin to giving a loan officer a heart.
It does the them no good, and just confuses the rest of us.  

- jeff parker
- axiowave networks  

PS  Many of the questions that have appeared on the list in
the last week are addressed in Radia Perlman's "Interconnections".
Even if you have a copy of the first edition, she wouldn't
mind if you rushed out to buy a copy of the new edition.  
Not only is this an excellent (the only?) source on ISIS,
she stoops to discuss OSPF, Bridging, and many other
topics.  
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 10 15:07:13 2001
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 15:04:59 -0400

> 1. Is it must for Level-1 IS to have a adjacency maintained 
> with a Level-2 IS or can the Level-1 IS communicate with a 
> Level-2 IS via Level-1 IS?

No, yes.  In the figure below, IS A can communicate with IS C via IS B.

	L1 A ====== L1/2 B ==== L2 C

> 2.Regarding the ISO DCC addressing format adopted for Is-IS 
> addresses using semi-octet decimal digits representation, the 
> DSP is allocated 0-35 digits. Assuming CFI =1 (single digit), 
> then CDI = 3digits,ESI = 31 digits, which adds up the total 
> digits in the DSP to 35 digits. How is SEL field of the DSP 
> accomodated in this case?
>
> Manigandan

There is a great deal of structure embedded in the ISO area
field.  However, the good news is that routers that don't need
to route OSI traffic don't need to pay attention to this, and
can treat the addresses as opaque tokens.  Likewise, an OSPF 
area is formated like IP addresses, but is not interpreted as such.

- jeff parker
- axiowave networks
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Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Appropriate standard document for implemention of I
	SIS
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 13:23:27 -0700

 
The documents below form a complementary set. The corrigenda include
corrections to the text in the 1992 standard. The amendments are additions
to the original text. So you must take into account all of the documents.

In addition, I would strongly recommend that you utilize the latest second
edition draft of ISO 10589, which is freely available from:

ftp.cisco.com/pub/rfc/ISO/
ISO10589v2-2001-07-04.pdf

Although this draft has yet to be formally approved by ISO, it has virtually
completed its public review and is unlikely to undergo further significant
revision. It incorporates all of the corrigenda and amendments into a single
document - and includes some additional corrections which have never been
published in any corrigenda. In addition, it is currently freely available
during the review period - something which may not last. (ISO does not
routinely make specs available for free)

Of course none of this addresses IP specific extensions. For that you will
have to consult the plethora of RFCs, drafts, and (in some cases) expired
drafts - a list of (most of)which can be found on this group's webpage.

I doubt that a specification of a protocol as complex as IS-IS will ever be
100% defect free - this also contributes to job security for protocol
designers/implementors.

  Les


-----Original Message-----
From: Selvam  Murugesan
To: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
Sent: 8/10/01 8:55 AM
Subject: [Isis-wg] Appropriate standard document for implemention of ISIS

Hi, 
     I have a confusion on which version of the below stated ISO 10589
standards to follow for implementing the ISIS protocol? Which of this
has the bug-free specifications of this standard? 

1. ISO/IEC 10589:1992 
2. ISO/IEC 10589:1992/Cor 1:1993
3. ISO/IEC 10589:1992/Cor 2:1996
4. ISO/IEC 10589:1992/Cor 3:1996
5. ISO/IEC 10589:1992/Amd 1:1996 Implementation conformance statement
proformas
6. ISO/IEC 10589:1992/Amd 2:1999 Extensions for group composition and
related MST multicast routeing.

Please help!!!

Thanks in advance

Regards,
Selvam

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 10 16:49:26 2001
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Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2001 16:43:59 -0400

Mike -
	I have a comment and a couple of questions about your draft, 
http://search.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-shand-isis-restart-01.txt

1) There was a great deal of concern during the discussions 
   of OSPF restart and again about ISIS restart that we 
   should not restart with the routing tables from a router
   that has crashed.  However, there is still benefit in
   a proposal such as yours.  

   If a router detects memory corruption in a routing task, 
   it may wish to invalidate the route table before crashing
   so the restart mechanism is not used on reboot.  Adding
   this as a suggestion may aleviate some concerns.  
   However, a bug in the telnet task need not affect the 
   route table.  With a good memory architecture, the telnet
   task may be unable to affect the route table.


2) Assume that you are doing a controlled reboot of a router
   which takes longer than 30 seconds to reboot.  Would you 
   consider sending out hello messages that extend the hold time 
   to cover the expected reboot time?   That is, sending out
   hello messages with a hold time that matches the expected
   reboot time, rather than sticking with the previous value
   used.  

   The issue of unreliable transmission arises, but
   your scheme doesn't require everything to go perfectly
   to reduce the amount of churn.  


3) In your presentation of the draft on Wednesday, you made 
   the observation that since the CSNP was not acknowledged,
   you needed to add a bit to the restart protocol to acknowledge
   the CSNP.  

   Is the problem of the unreliable CSNP general enough that a
   general solution is called for?   There are applications 
   in bringing up p2p networks, in more restricted flooding
   topologies, etc. that would benefit from a reliable CSNP.
   The CSNP could include a sequence number, and the 
   acknowledgement could be a Hello or an SNP with the right
   sequence number.  (You could even return the CSNP rcvd)  
   Negotiating this capacity could be done dynamically in 
   hello packets, so the sender would know if it was worth
   resending the CSNP.
   

- jeff parker
- axiowave networks
- diagnostic: someone who doesn't believe in two gods
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Date: Mon, 13 Aug 2001 09:29:19 +0100 (BST)
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hi all,
i am having some trouble understanding the concept of
pseudonode. 
As far as i have understood pseudonode is the lan
itself.
but to which system the attached systems report their
links.

maybe the question is a bit trivial. any help is
appreciated.

thanks in advance
srikrishna

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Date: Mon, 13 Aug 2001 14:11:13 +0530
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Please help me in figureing out as to how IS-IS operates on a lan.
The DR is selected from the number of ISs on the LAN and all the ISs convey
the info that they are connected to the pseudonode to the DR only. All
manual adjacencies are advertised by the individual ISs only .. i.e this
information is multicasted on the LAN. The DR knows which all ISs are there
on the lan and its only this information which is included in its CSNP ..
PSNPs are issued by the individual ISs as an acknowledgment or when they see
that their database differs from that of the DR.

Is this correct ??

The reason why the DR is elected is to reduce the number of adjacencies
maintained at each end of the IS ?

With warm regards,
Swati Rastogi




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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug 13 05:15:59 2001
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Date: Mon, 13 Aug 2001 14:47:53 +0530
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Hi All,
I am referring to ISO/IEC 10589:2001 (E) and in Section 7.3.15.1 ("Action on
receipt of the link state PDU") section 9b it says "If the source S of the
LSP is an IS or pseudonode for which all but the last octet are equal to the
systemID of the receiving IS, and the recveiving IS does not have that LSP
in its database .. "

My question is that how can an IS receive an LSP issued by itself ??

Please comment.

Thanks and Regards,
Manav Bhatia

"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2



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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug 13 10:05:06 2001
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Date: Mon, 13 Aug 2001 10:04:25 -0400

> My question is that how can an IS receive an LSP issued by itself ??
>
> Manav Bhatia

Here are two scenarios in which a router will receive an LSP
with it's SystemId that it has not originated.  

1) If router A reboots, there may still be copies of LSPs from
   the previous run.  These will continue to be flooded around
   the network until the originating router trumps them.

2) It is also possible to have missconfigured a network to
   have two routers with the same system Id.  

The protocol deals with the first but is not designed
to cope with the second.  

- jeff parker
- axiowave networks
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Date: Mon, 13 Aug 2001 10:37:21 -0400

> The DR is selected from the number of ISs on the LAN and all 
> the ISs convey the info that they are connected to the 
> pseudonode to the DR only. All manual adjacencies are 
> advertised by the individual ISs only .. i.e this
> information is multicasted on the LAN. 

So far so good...

> The DR knows which all ISs are there
> on the lan and its only this information which is included in 
> its CSNP .. 
 
There are two distinct things that the LAN DIS (DR) does

1) Sending periodic CSNPs to keep members of the LAN in sync

2) Acts as representative of the LAN to reduce the amount
   of adjacencies advertised in LSPs.  

The CSNP is merely a description of what the sender has
in it's LSP database, and has no relation to which
IS's are on the LAN.  

> PSNPs are issued by the individual ISs as an 
> acknowledgment or when they see
> that their database differs from that of the DR.

Right.  You can use these to "pull" an LSP that
you have learned about through a CSNP.

- jeff parker
- axiowave networks
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To: Rajesh Saluja <rsaluja@nortelnetworks.com>
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Three way handshake draft
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Rajesh Saluja wrote:

> Tayfun Gol wrote:
>
> > I was wondering why this draft got expired. Looking at the mail
> > archives, it just passed away silently. Does anybody have an idea?
> >
> > Thanks in advance...
> >

Tayfun (hope you're settling ok in Pitt ;-),

there are multiple drafts hanging in last step (look @ upcoming ISIS WG
minutes)
that were dependent on some TLV number assignment clarification.
Given the tlv-codepoints draft that can be referenced now, they should be
updated and be avaialble as RFC any minute now ...

    thanks

    -- tony



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From: Aravind Ravikumar <aravindravikumar@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] ISIS-BGP interaction 
To: Naiming Shen <naiming@redback.com>
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Thanks for your reply,but I would like get more information on the issue
 I tried to retrive the document that you have specified. But it seems that it is not currently available.I had read rfc 1745,but it speaks only about the interaction of OSPF with BGP/IDRP.But what I would like to know is that is there any well defined reference document which describes the interaction between ISIS and BGP
IN  the charter of Inter-Domain Routing (idr) working group there is a reference to 
BGP/IDRP -- OSPF Interactions .It is said that this document will specify the interactions between BGP/IDRP and OSPF. This document will be based on a combination of the BGP - OSPF interactions, and IDRP - IS-IS interaction documents. 
From what I infer This has been published as rfc 1745.I think that the two references mentioned as BGP - OSPf interactions and IDRP -ISIS interactions are RFC1403 and "The Technical Design for Routeing Information Exchange between ISIS and IDRP" (Oran, D., Rekhter, Y., Hares, S.)  respectievely
 Since I am interesred in knowing about ISIS -BGP interaction ,I felt that the ISIS-IDRP interaction document will be useful.But I was unable to get the above mentioned document.
Aravind
  Naiming Shen <naiming@redback.com> wrote: 
http://www.ietf.org/IESG/actions.html


BGP4/IDRP for IP---OSPF Interaction (Historic) 

]
]Hi,
]
]Is there any standard document, defining the interaction between integrated I
SIS and BGP?(something similar to rfc 1745 for OSPf-BGP interaction).I had gone
through the minutes of ISIS working group .The strange thing I noticed was tha
t earlier (upto 94) there were references to ISIS-BGP interaction.But after tha
t it was not mentioned at all.In july 94 meeting's minutes,it was mentioned tha
t the status of ISIS-BGP interaction document is unknown and it needs to be pub
lished as as draft\rfc.Can I get more information on this issue.
]
]Aravind
]

- Naiming


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<P>Thanks for your reply,but I would like get more information on the issue
<P>&nbsp;I tried to retrive the document that you have specified. But it seems that it is not currently available.I had read rfc 1745,but it speaks only about the interaction of OSPF with BGP/IDRP.But what I would like to know is that is there any well defined reference document which describes the <STRONG>interaction between ISIS and BGP</STRONG>
<P>IN&nbsp; the charter of Inter-Domain Routing (idr) working group there is a reference to <BR>BGP/IDRP -- OSPF Interactions .It is said that this document will specify the interactions between BGP/IDRP and OSPF. This document will be based on a combination of the BGP - OSPF interactions, and IDRP - IS-IS interaction documents. 
<P>From what I infer This has been published as rfc 1745.I think that the two references mentioned as BGP - OSPf interactions and IDRP -ISIS interactions are <STRONG>RFC1403 </STRONG>and&nbsp;<STRONG>"The Technical Design for Routeing Information Exchange between ISIS and IDRP"</STRONG> (Oran, D., Rekhter, Y., Hares, S.)&nbsp; respectievely
<P>&nbsp;Since I am interesred in knowing about ISIS -BGP interaction ,I felt that the ISIS-IDRP interaction document will be useful.But I was unable to get the above mentioned document.
<P>Aravind
<P>&nbsp; <B><I>Naiming Shen &lt;naiming@redback.com&gt;</I></B> wrote: 
<BLOCKQUOTE style="BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px"><BR>http://www.ietf.org/IESG/actions.html<BR><BR><BR>BGP4/IDRP for IP---OSPF Interaction (Historic) <BR><BR>]<BR>]Hi,<BR>]<BR>]Is there any standard document, defining the interaction between integrated I<BR>SIS and BGP?(something similar to rfc 1745 for OSPf-BGP interaction).I had gone<BR>through the minutes of ISIS working group .The strange thing I noticed was tha<BR>t earlier (upto 94) there were references to ISIS-BGP interaction.But after tha<BR>t it was not mentioned at all.In july 94 meeting's minutes,it was mentioned tha<BR>t the status of ISIS-BGP interaction document is unknown and it needs to be pub<BR>lished as as draft\rfc.Can I get more information on this issue.<BR>]<BR>]Aravind<BR>]<BR><BR>- Naiming</BLOCKQUOTE><p><br><hr size=1><b>Do You Yahoo!?</b><br>
Make international calls for as low as $.04/minute with Yahoo! Messenger<BR><a href="http://phonecard.yahoo.com/?.refer=mailtagline">http://phonecard.yahoo.com/</a>
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From: Radia Perlman - Boston Center for Networking <Radia.Perlman@Sun.COM>
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Dual IS-IS
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	From: "Sachidananda K" <sachidananda_k@hotmail.com>

	Is the link state database maintained seperately for both OSI addresses 
and 
	IP addresses or is it one and the same.
	

Although this is really an implementation issue rather than
a protocol issue,
I assume the link state database is "one and the same". An LSP basically says
"I, router R1, have neighbors R2, R3, and R4, and the IP addresses I'm
connected to are x, y, and z, and the CLNP addresses I can reach are A and B".
So the same LSP can contain information about multiple address families.
One could put information for different address families into different LSP
fragments, but I don't see any reason to.

The forwarding table is another issue.
I'd think it would be more convenient to have separate forwarding tables
for each address family, rather than a single lookup engine that would
be able to process multiple types of addresses.

Are there still networks with both types of addresses?

Radia

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That may be useful when one wants to specify a preferred
default gateway rather than using the closest attached L12 router.
Packets will use the router advertising the default gateway
(because that is a route match) before using the ATT bit.

Raymond Cheh

----- Original Message -----
From: "R Selvaraj" <selvarajr@www.com>
To: <isis-wg@juniper.net>
Cc: <eta_selvarajr@partner.huawei.com>
Sent: Friday, August 03, 2001 10:27 PM
Subject: [Isis-wg] Doubt regarding Default Informatoin Originate


> Hi,
>
> I would like to know the advantage of originating default information in
L1 LSPs. Since Att bit itself is sufficient for finding default route in a
L1 area then what is the significant of originating default informaton in L1
LSPs.
> Pls let me clarified.
>
> Thanks,
> Selva.
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] RE: draft-shen-isis-ospf-p2p-over-lan-01.txt
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Date: Wed, 08 Aug 2001 14:41:02 -0400
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Naiming Shen wrote:
> 
> Martin,
>         some comments inline, thanks.
> 
>  ]Folks,
>  ]
>  ]I have some comments on the draft that I'd like to address with the WG.  I
>  ]apologize for cutting this so close to the meeting, but this is the first
>  ]chance I've had to address it.
>  ]
>  ]A while back I began considering how IS-IS could be made to support PTP
>  ]behavior over BMA networks.  The driving force behind this was primarily the
>  ]ability to assign arbitrary, per-neighbor metric information to individual
>  ]neighbors.  A second benefit would be the elimination of pseudonode exposion
>  ]when a large amount of PTP LAN links were used to interconnect routers.  I
>  ]sent an email detailing the need to the WG, but there was little response.
>  ]Some notable vendors also displayed little interest.  The only suggestion I
>  ]received, in fact, was to use PPPoE!  After reviewing the draft, I have some
>  ]concern about the utility of the proposal, and whether or not it satisfies a
>  ]real need.  While it does have merit and will help in many situations, the
>  ]scope should be expanded to address some more complex situations.  Comments
>  ]of course are welcome.
>  ]
>  ]In regards to OSPF:
>  ]
>  ]OSPF currently supports NBMA networks.  What we are attempting to do here is
>  ]create PtMP (of where MP can be P if there are only two nodes on a LAN)
>  ]networks out of BMA networks in order to support PTP type behavior, from a
>  ]Djiktsra perspective, correct?  This is in OSPF today.  You can build NBNA
>  ]networks on LANs and specify neighbors explicitly, with associated metrics.
>  ]The Hello's and LSA exchange is PTP, using ARP for next-hop MAC resoultion
>  ]based on the configured neighbor IP.  As I see it, the only benefit the
>  ]draft provides is the elimination of DR election (and the corresponding
>  ]elimination of pseudonodes on PTP links), which can be done by making the
>  ]interface point-to-multipoint (although requiring configuration).  The major
>  ]vendors support this feature today (I use it!).

Martin,

As you suggest, OSPF P2P over LAN is similiar to OSPF P2MP and they
offer many of the same advantages. The arguments (which some may consider weak)
for OSPF P2P over LAN are:

   1. It allows a LAN or vLAN that is being used as P2P link to be viewed 
      and configured as one. 
   2. It allows for unnumbered operation of a LAN or vLAN being used as P2P link. 
   3. It offers a unified view of the LAN or vLAN across OSPF and ISIS (since
      ISIS does not have P2MP). 

Thanks,
-- Acee
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Subject: [Isis-wg] IIH PDU exchange
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Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2001 09:44:53 +0530
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ISO/IEC 10589 says in section 8.4.2 that "LAN IIH PDUs shall be padded so
that the SNSDU containing the IIH PDU as a length of atleast maxsize - 1
octets where maxsize for level 1/2 IIH PDUs is the maximum of
- dataLinkBlockSize
- originatingL1/2LSPBufferSize"

This as i understand, is done to ensure that the adjaceny will only be
formed between systems which are capable of exchanging PDUs of length up to
maxsize octets.

Consider the following scenario.

The network is in a congested state and we are bringing up the IS-IS system.
All ISs will multicast these max sized IIH packets which will only serve to
aggravate the already congested network. Instead of multicasting max sized
packets why dont we simply multicast packets and include an additional field
where we mention the maximum block size each IS supports. The lower value
can always be accepted. This is similiar to how the value of hold timers in
BGP is negotiated.

Has anyone given a thought to this.

Please comment.

Thanks and Regards,
Manav Bhatia



"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2



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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 14 00:15:22 2001
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Subject: [Isis-wg] Re: IIH PDU exchange
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Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2001 09:48:02 +0530
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Errata .. Please replace "multicast" with "broadcast"
Regards,
Manav

----- Original Message -----
From: "Manav Bhatia" <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>
To: <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Sent: Tuesday, August 14, 2001 9:44 AM
Subject: IIH PDU exchange


> ISO/IEC 10589 says in section 8.4.2 that "LAN IIH PDUs shall be padded so
> that the SNSDU containing the IIH PDU as a length of atleast maxsize - 1
> octets where maxsize for level 1/2 IIH PDUs is the maximum of
> - dataLinkBlockSize
> - originatingL1/2LSPBufferSize"
>
> This as i understand, is done to ensure that the adjaceny will only be
> formed between systems which are capable of exchanging PDUs of length up
to
> maxsize octets.
>
> Consider the following scenario.
>
> The network is in a congested state and we are bringing up the IS-IS
system.
> All ISs will multicast these max sized IIH packets which will only serve
to
> aggravate the already congested network. Instead of multicasting max sized
> packets why dont we simply multicast packets and include an additional
field
> where we mention the maximum block size each IS supports. The lower value
> can always be accepted. This is similiar to how the value of hold timers
in
> BGP is negotiated.
>
> Has anyone given a thought to this.
>
> Please comment.
>
> Thanks and Regards,
> Manav Bhatia
>
>
>
> "C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2
>
>


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Subject: [Isis-wg] trivial doubt on LSP number and sequence number
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Date: 14 Aug 2001 04:57:48 -0000
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Hi,
    i have a simple doubt.What is the difference between a LSP number of =
LSP ID field in the ISIS LSP PDU and Sequence number field? =


 =

Thanks in advance
Manigandan M


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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 14 02:04:37 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] trivial doubt on LSP number and sequence number
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Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2001 11:36:59 +0530
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Because a link state PDU is limited in size to RecieveLSPBufferSize, it may
not be possible to include information of all neighboring systems in a
single LSP. So a system issues multiple Lisps to convey this information.
Each LSP carries the same sourceID field but sets its own LSP number field
individually. This allows the distribution of topology updates to be
pipelined. The other end recognizes that they have a common originating
source because they all use the same sourceID.

Generally adjacencies are assigned to particular LSP numbers. (Ref. 7.3.4.4
ISO/IEC 10589).

On the other hand, sequence numbers are used to determine the latest
information. Suppose u have some LSP in your database and you receive
another update for the same link state. How do you differentiate between the
two .. how do you check whether the one you are receiving is the new one ..
or the one you have in your database is the latest ??

This is where the sequence numbers come in. Looking at the sequence number
you can tell which LSP is the more recent one. Obviously the higher the
sequence number, more recent your LSP is !

hope it helps clears smthg ..

Manav

----- Original Message -----
From: "Selvam Murugesan" <manigandanm@rediffmail.com>
To: <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Sent: Tuesday, August 14, 2001 10:27 AM
Subject: [Isis-wg] trivial doubt on LSP number and sequence number


Hi,
    i have a simple doubt.What is the difference between a LSP number of LSP
ID field in the ISIS LSP PDU and Sequence number field?


Thanks in advance
Manigandan M


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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 14 11:08:27 2001
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Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2001 15:06:06 +0000

Hello,

According to the RFC 1195, the OSI addresses may be derived from the IP 
address or the ethernet address.

When it is derived from the IP address, the next hop in the IP routing table 
can be entered as the IP address of the next hop.

Whereas if the it is derived from the ethernet address, what do we enter in 
the IP routing table? I think this a major concern for the Dual IS-IS for 
the reason that if the in IP the address resolution is dine by ARP in the 
DLL.

Please clarify my doubt in this regard.
Thanking you in advance for all the responses.
Sachi

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 14 11:46:48 2001
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From: Jeff Parker <jparker@axiowave.com>
To: "'Manav Bhatia'" <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>
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Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] IIH PDU exchange
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Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2001 11:46:08 -0400

> "LAN IIH PDUs shall be padded...
> 
> Consider the following scenario: The network is in a 
> congested state and we are bringing up [all] the IS-IS 
> system[s].
>
> Manav Bhatia

Manav -
	There are periodic dicussions on the list about
the utility of the padding, and I won't rehash those 
here. 
	If you have so many IS-IS routers that periodic
hello packets are a big problem, then I suspect the
LSP exchange that will start once the adjacencies come
up will have a greater effect.     

- jeff parker
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For various reasons, there would appear to be a growing
trend of having ISIS act as a convenient flooding mechanism 
for conveying different types of information that is
essentially a "dont-care" for ISIS itself. Draft RFCs call
for data to be added to LSPs that may be of interest to other
entities, such as GMPLS or a constraint based SPF, but would
not make any difference to a normal ISIS default metric SPF run.

When that dont-care data changes within an LSP, a straightforward 
implementation that compares a modified checksum and/or does a simple
byte-wise comparison on received LSPs (as mentioned in 10589) would 
detect that LSP data had changed, and schedule what will turn out to be
an unnecessary SPF run. Even if ISIS would prefer not send updated LSPs
very frequently if only non-ISIS data changes, there will be pressure to
act in a timely fashion from the point of view of the other
entities to convey their changed and changing data rapidly.
If this dont-care data changes frequently there would be frequent 
unnecessary SPF runs (gated by whatever SPF pacing scheme one uses). 
As more types of dont-care data is loaded aboard LSPs over time, the 
liklihood of frequent dont-care changes increases. 

Of course, a receiver could actually intelligently parse
each received LSP that differs, comparing fields against the earlier
version, and decide for itself if the changes warrant an SPF run, 
but that seems like a lot of unnecessary extra work given 
that the originator of an LSP ought to know why they are
changing it in the first place and could just simply let everyone
else know. 

I was wondering about the effect of adding a new TLV in which 
the originator could convey that info. It might be as simple as 
a yes/no whether or not any change from the LSP with previous 
seqnum actually mattered to ISIS, or as complex as indicating 
which entity(ies) might be interested in the change, or something 
in-between. 

At first blush, it seems like it would improve scalability,
with the only down-side being some security issues (however,
none seem insurmountable). Folks can continue to load up ISIS with 
data only meaningful to other entities, and the extra burden
would be generally limited to the flooding aspect, not also
unnecessary SPF runs or extra parsing/comparisons. ISIS could even
act more responsively to dont-care data changes, updating LSPs
somewhat more frequently since their effect would be somewhat mitigated.
So of course, the question arises, what's the horrible
fatal flaw that's not jumping out just yet?  :-)
Is this something worth pursuing?

Thanks,
dave h
dhudek@ma.ultranet.com
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 14 16:42:29 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] ISIS as Pack Mule?
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David Hudek wrote:

> For various reasons, there would appear to be a growing
> trend of having ISIS act as a convenient flooding mechanism
> for conveying different types of information that is
> essentially a "dont-care" for ISIS itself. Draft RFCs call
> for data to be added to LSPs that may be of interest to other
> entities, such as GMPLS or a constraint based SPF, but would
> not make any difference to a normal ISIS default metric SPF run.
>
> When that dont-care data changes within an LSP, a straightforward
> implementation that compares a modified checksum and/or does a simple
> byte-wise comparison on received LSPs (as mentioned in 10589) would
> detect that LSP data had changed, and schedule what will turn out to be
> an unnecessary SPF run. Even if ISIS would prefer not send updated LSPs
> very frequently if only non-ISIS data changes, there will be pressure to
> act in a timely fashion from the point of view of the other
> entities to convey their changed and changing data rapidly.
> If this dont-care data changes frequently there would be frequent
> unnecessary SPF runs (gated by whatever SPF pacing scheme one uses).
> As more types of dont-care data is loaded aboard LSPs over time, the
> liklihood of frequent dont-care changes increases.
>
> Of course, a receiver could actually intelligently parse
> each received LSP that differs, comparing fields against the earlier
> version, and decide for itself if the changes warrant an SPF run,
> but that seems like a lot of unnecessary extra work given
> that the originator of an LSP ought to know why they are
> changing it in the first place and could just simply let everyone
> else know.
>
> I was wondering about the effect of adding a new TLV in which
> the originator could convey that info. It might be as simple as
> a yes/no whether or not any change from the LSP with previous
> seqnum actually mattered to ISIS, or as complex as indicating
> which entity(ies) might be interested in the change, or something
> in-between.

The above has been proposed for PNNI years ago which had a somehow similar
problem (lots of QoS metrics that when changed will not necessarily
trigger computations) and it has not been well received due to several
reasons.  One of them being that to do things well you need basically
a bitfield @ every TLV, sub-TLV, sub-subTLV level which is not very
convienent and leads to a complex, easily broken representation.
The other problem being that just missing one of those
something-changed-bits can lead to catastrophic failures easily that are
very hard to track
down. Philosophically, it is not a good idea to put redundant data into
the protocol messages since you have to account for behavior when
the data contradicts itself. Messy stuff ...

At least one leading vendor implemented the 'smart parse & figure out
changes' thing and
it worked very well without a lot of CPU overhead. Yes, some tricky
code is involved but that's how protocol implementors make their
living and vendors differentiate themselves ...

I guess I'm saying my initial reaction is that's an implementation
specific thing which we don't  govern in the workgroup normally.

    thanks

    -- tony



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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 14 17:30:35 2001
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CC: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net, tgol@laurelnetworks.com
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] SNPA or IP
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Sachidananda K wrote:

> Hello,
>
> According to the RFC 1195, the OSI addresses may be derived from the IP
> address or the ethernet address.
>
> When it is derived from the IP address, the next hop in the IP routing table
> can be entered as the IP address of the next hop.
>

Sachi, the OSI address is not used to derive the next hop IP address for
adjacenct routers. It simply serves the purpose of uniquely identifiying a
router from others in a topology. ( This is where you can derive the router's
system ID which will be part of the LSP ID  for the LSPs the router will
generate, you can think of an IS-IS router's system ID analogous to an
OSPF router's router ID. )

A router can resolve the next hop IP addresses for its adjacenct routers via
the IP interface address TLV sent in the IIH PDUs and populate the routing
table accordingly.

Hope this helps...

Tayfun Gol

>
> Whereas if the it is derived from the ethernet address, what do we enter in
> the IP routing table? I think this a major concern for the Dual IS-IS for
> the reason that if the in IP the address resolution is dine by ARP in the
> DLL.
>
> Please clarify my doubt in this regard.
> Thanking you in advance for all the responses.
> Sachi
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
>
> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 14 17:31:47 2001
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Tayfun Gol wrote:

> Sachidananda K wrote:
>
> > Hello,
> >
> > According to the RFC 1195, the OSI addresses may be derived from the IP
> > address or the ethernet address.
> >
> > When it is derived from the IP address, the next hop in the IP routing table
> > can be entered as the IP address of the next hop.
> >
>
> Sachi, the OSI address is not used to derive the next hop IP address for
> adjacenct routers. It simply serves the purpose of uniquely identifiying a
> router from others in a topology. ( This is where you can derive the router's
> system ID which will be part of the LSP ID  for the LSPs the router will
> generate, you can think of an IS-IS router's system ID analogous to an
> OSPF router's router ID. )
>

To clarify further, this is at least the case for IP routing if this is all you
are concerned about,  OSI address surely serves other purposes for OSI forwarding
but I am assuming that's not what you are wondering..

>
> A router can resolve the next hop IP addresses for its adjacenct routers via
> the IP interface address TLV sent in the IIH PDUs and populate the routing
> table accordingly.
>
> Hope this helps...
>
> Tayfun Gol
>
> >
> > Whereas if the it is derived from the ethernet address, what do we enter in
> > the IP routing table? I think this a major concern for the Dual IS-IS for
> > the reason that if the in IP the address resolution is dine by ARP in the
> > DLL.
> >
> > Please clarify my doubt in this regard.
> > Thanking you in advance for all the responses.
> > Sachi
> >
> > _________________________________________________________________
> > Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg

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Subject: [Isis-wg] tlv codepoints ...
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new version not submitted yet. Will wait 1-2 days on comments before
putting out. numbers are _not_ sorted on purpose

    thanks

    -- tony




Internet Engineering Task Force                               T.
Przygienda
INTERNET DRAFT
Redback

Aug 2001
                       Reserved TLV Codepoints in ISIS
                 <draft-ietf-isis-wg-tlv-codepoints-01.txt>



Status of This Memo

    This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
    all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.  Internet-Drafts are
working
    documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas,
    and its working groups.  Note that other groups may also distribute
    working documents as Internet-Drafts.

    Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
months
    and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at
    any time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
    material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

    The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
    http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

    The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
    http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

    Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000).  All
    Rights Reserved.



Abstract

    This draft describes implementation codepoints within
    IS-IS [ISO90 , Cal90a , Cal90b ] used today by several ISPs for
    routing within their clouds.  IS-IS is an interior gateway routing
    protocol developed originally by OSI and used with IP extensions as
    IGP. This draft summarizes all TLV codepoints that are being used by

    the protocol and its pending extensions.


Przygienda                     Expires Feb 2002
[Page 1]


Internet Draft                    TLV Codepoints
Aug 2001

1.  TLV Codepoints reserved

________________________________________________________________________

     Name                 Value   IIH   LSP  SNP   Status


________________________________________________________________________

     Area Addresses            1  y     y    n     ISO 10589
     IIS Neighbors             2  n     y    n     ISO 10589
     ES Neighbors              3  n     y    n     ISO 10589
     Part.  DIS                4  n     y    n     ISO 10589
     Prefix Neighbors          5  n     y    n     ISO 10589
     IIS Neighbors             6  y     n    n     ISO 10589
     Padding                   8  y     n    n     ISO 10589
     LSP Entries               9  n     n    y     ISO 10589
     Authentication           10  y     y    y     ISO 10589


     Opt.  Checksum           12  y     n    y     IETF-draft
     TE IIS Neigh.            22  n     y    n     IETF-draft
     MT-ISN                  222  n     y    n     IETF-draft


     LSPBufferSize            14  y?    y    n     ISO 10589 Rev 2 Draft

     DECnet Phase IV          42  ?     ?    ?     DEC (ancient)


     IP Int.  Reach          128  n     y    n     RFC 1195
     IPv6 IP. Reach          236  n     y    n     IETF-draft


     Prot.  Supported        129  y     y    n     RFC 1195
     M-Topologies            229  y     y    n     IETF-draft


     IP Ext.  Address        130  n     y    n     RFC 1195
     IDRPI                   131  n     y    y     RFC 1195


     IP Intf.  Address       132  y     y    n     RFC 1195
     IPv6 Intf.  Addr.       232  y     y    n     IETF-draft


     illegal                 133  n     n    n     RFC 1195 (not used)
     Router ID               134  n     y    n     IETF-draft


     TE IP. Reach            135  n     y    n     IETF-draft
     MT IP. Reach            235  n     y    n     IETF-draft


     Dynamic Name            137  n     y    n     RFC 2763
     3-Way hellos            240  y     n    n     IETF-draft



Przygienda                     Expires Feb 2002
[Page 2]

Internet Draft                    TLV Codepoints
Aug 2001

2.  Assignment Procedures

    This document is provided to avoid possible future conflicts in
    assignment of TLV numbers.  It does not constitute or represent any
    standard or authority assigning TLV numbers.  TLV assignment happens

    on a shared, informational basis between the ISO, SIF and the IETF
    working groups.  The core ISIS protocol is being specified in the
    ISO standards body, IP extensions to it however are products of the
    ISIS working group in IETF. Since ISO does not provide a numbering
    authority and IANA is only responsible for IP related coding points,

    no plausible central authority to assign TLV numbers exists as of
    today.

    This document will be periodically updated by never versions in the
    fashion of [RP94 ] and successors.



3.  Acknowledgments

    Thanks to Les Ginsberg and others for pointing out details and
    improving this work.



4.  Security Consideration

    ISIS security applies to the work presented.  No specific security
    issues are being introduced.

References

    [Cal90a]  R. Callon.  OSI ISIS Intradomain Routing Protocol.
              INTERNET-RFC, Internet Engineering Task Force, February
              1990.


    [Cal90b]  R. Callon.  Use of OSI ISIS for Routing in TCP/IP and Dual

              Environments.  INTERNET-RFC, Internet Engineering Task
              Force, December 1990.


    [ISO90]   ISO.  Information Technology - Telecommunications and
              Information Exchange between Systems - Intermediate System

              to Intermediate System Routing Exchange Protocol for
              Use in Conjunction with the Protocol for Providing the
              Connectionless-Mode Network Service.  ISO, 1990.


    [RP94]    J. Reynolds and J. Postel.  Rfc 1700, Assigned Numbers.
              Internet Engineering Task Force, October 1994.



Przygienda                     Expires Feb 2002
[Page 3]


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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 14 19:06:29 2001
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From: Les  Ginsberg <ginsberg@pluris.com>
To: "'Tony Przygienda'" <prz@redback.com>, isis-wg@juniper.net
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] tlv codepoints ...
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Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2001 16:04:08 -0700

Tony -

The LSPBuffersize option is NOT included in IIH PDUs. So the definition
should look like:

LSPBufferSize            14  n    y    n     ISO 10589 Draft

Also, while I do not object to some other ordering scheme than straight
numerical, I haven't figured out the algorithm you used to order/group the
TLVs. Is this one of those pattern recognition tests? Or do you simply feel
that chaos is a good thing?

   Les


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Tony Przygienda [mailto:prz@redback.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, August 14, 2001 2:34 PM
> To: isis-wg@juniper.net
> Subject: [Isis-wg] tlv codepoints ...
> 
> 
> new version not submitted yet. Will wait 1-2 days on comments before
> putting out. numbers are _not_ sorted on purpose
> 
>     thanks
> 
>     -- tony
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Internet Engineering Task Force                               T.
> Przygienda
> INTERNET DRAFT
> Redback
> 
> Aug 2001
>                        Reserved TLV Codepoints in ISIS
>                  <draft-ietf-isis-wg-tlv-codepoints-01.txt>
> 
> 
> 
> Status of This Memo
> 
>     This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
>     all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.  Internet-Drafts are
> working
>     documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 
> its areas,
>     and its working groups.  Note that other groups may also 
> distribute
>     working documents as Internet-Drafts.
> 
>     Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
> months
>     and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at
>     any time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
>     material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
> 
>     The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
>     http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt
> 
>     The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
>     http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
> 
>     Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000).  All
>     Rights Reserved.
> 
> 
> 
> Abstract
> 
>     This draft describes implementation codepoints within
>     IS-IS [ISO90 , Cal90a , Cal90b ] used today by several ISPs for
>     routing within their clouds.  IS-IS is an interior gateway routing
>     protocol developed originally by OSI and used with IP 
> extensions as
>     IGP. This draft summarizes all TLV codepoints that are 
> being used by
> 
>     the protocol and its pending extensions.
> 
> 
> Przygienda                     Expires Feb 2002
> [Page 1]
> 
> 
> Internet Draft                    TLV Codepoints
> Aug 2001
> 
> 1.  TLV Codepoints reserved
> 
> ______________________________________________________________
> __________
> 
>      Name                 Value   IIH   LSP  SNP   Status
> 
> 
> ______________________________________________________________
> __________
> 
>      Area Addresses            1  y     y    n     ISO 10589
>      IIS Neighbors             2  n     y    n     ISO 10589
>      ES Neighbors              3  n     y    n     ISO 10589
>      Part.  DIS                4  n     y    n     ISO 10589
>      Prefix Neighbors          5  n     y    n     ISO 10589
>      IIS Neighbors             6  y     n    n     ISO 10589
>      Padding                   8  y     n    n     ISO 10589
>      LSP Entries               9  n     n    y     ISO 10589
>      Authentication           10  y     y    y     ISO 10589
> 
> 
>      Opt.  Checksum           12  y     n    y     IETF-draft
>      TE IIS Neigh.            22  n     y    n     IETF-draft
>      MT-ISN                  222  n     y    n     IETF-draft
> 
> 
>      LSPBufferSize            14  y?    y    n     ISO 10589 
> Rev 2 Draft
> 
>      DECnet Phase IV          42  ?     ?    ?     DEC (ancient)
> 
> 
>      IP Int.  Reach          128  n     y    n     RFC 1195
>      IPv6 IP. Reach          236  n     y    n     IETF-draft
> 
> 
>      Prot.  Supported        129  y     y    n     RFC 1195
>      M-Topologies            229  y     y    n     IETF-draft
> 
> 
>      IP Ext.  Address        130  n     y    n     RFC 1195
>      IDRPI                   131  n     y    y     RFC 1195
> 
> 
>      IP Intf.  Address       132  y     y    n     RFC 1195
>      IPv6 Intf.  Addr.       232  y     y    n     IETF-draft
> 
> 
>      illegal                 133  n     n    n     RFC 1195 (not used)
>      Router ID               134  n     y    n     IETF-draft
> 
> 
>      TE IP. Reach            135  n     y    n     IETF-draft
>      MT IP. Reach            235  n     y    n     IETF-draft
> 
> 
>      Dynamic Name            137  n     y    n     RFC 2763
>      3-Way hellos            240  y     n    n     IETF-draft
> 
> 
> 
> Przygienda                     Expires Feb 2002
> [Page 2]
> 
> Internet Draft                    TLV Codepoints
> Aug 2001
> 
> 2.  Assignment Procedures
> 
>     This document is provided to avoid possible future conflicts in
>     assignment of TLV numbers.  It does not constitute or 
> represent any
>     standard or authority assigning TLV numbers.  TLV 
> assignment happens
> 
>     on a shared, informational basis between the ISO, SIF and the IETF
>     working groups.  The core ISIS protocol is being specified in the
>     ISO standards body, IP extensions to it however are 
> products of the
>     ISIS working group in IETF. Since ISO does not provide a numbering
>     authority and IANA is only responsible for IP related 
> coding points,
> 
>     no plausible central authority to assign TLV numbers exists as of
>     today.
> 
>     This document will be periodically updated by never 
> versions in the
>     fashion of [RP94 ] and successors.
> 
> 
> 
> 3.  Acknowledgments
> 
>     Thanks to Les Ginsberg and others for pointing out details and
>     improving this work.
> 
> 
> 
> 4.  Security Consideration
> 
>     ISIS security applies to the work presented.  No specific security
>     issues are being introduced.
> 
> References
> 
>     [Cal90a]  R. Callon.  OSI ISIS Intradomain Routing Protocol.
>               INTERNET-RFC, Internet Engineering Task Force, February
>               1990.
> 
> 
>     [Cal90b]  R. Callon.  Use of OSI ISIS for Routing in 
> TCP/IP and Dual
> 
>               Environments.  INTERNET-RFC, Internet Engineering Task
>               Force, December 1990.
> 
> 
>     [ISO90]   ISO.  Information Technology - Telecommunications and
>               Information Exchange between Systems - 
> Intermediate System
> 
>               to Intermediate System Routing Exchange Protocol for
>               Use in Conjunction with the Protocol for Providing the
>               Connectionless-Mode Network Service.  ISO, 1990.
> 
> 
>     [RP94]    J. Reynolds and J. Postel.  Rfc 1700, Assigned Numbers.
>               Internet Engineering Task Force, October 1994.
> 
> 
> 
> Przygienda                     Expires Feb 2002
> [Page 3]
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> 
_______________________________________________
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Wed Aug 15 07:56:10 2001
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Subject: [Isis-wg] draft-hermelin-ext-lsp-frags-02.txt
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From: "Amir Hermelin" <amir@cwnt.com>
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Date: Wed, 15 Aug 2001 14:54:43 +0300

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Hi,

here's a new version of the draft. The main change is the ability to
modify the SPF, and include adjacency info in extended LSPs. As you
recall, this was discussed a little in the list and somewhat turned
down; however, in the last IETF meeting it was agreed that SPF
modification is acceptable. The modified mechanism still supports
extending LSPs without needed SPF modification.


Abstract

   This document describes a mechanism that allows a system to originate
   more than 256 LSP fragments, a limit set by the original Intermediate
   System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Routing protocol, as described
   in ISO 10589.  This mechanism can be used in IP-only, OSI-only, and
   dual routers.


--
Amir Hermelin                    <mailto:amir@cwnt.com>
Charlotte's Web Networks Inc.     <http://www.cwnt.com>


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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Thu Aug 16 15:29:27 2001
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From: Jeff Parker <jparker@axiowave.com>
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Date: Thu, 16 Aug 2001 15:27:44 -0400

Jerry -
	I've been reading your draft <
draft-ash-ospf-isis-congestion-control-00.txt >
with interest.  Here are a few editorial comments.  I also have some
questions about your
scenarios in order to reproduce them here.  I think it would be good to have
a well
understood stress test that reflects an interesting test case, rather than
another
round of line-rate forwarding or connections per second test.  

> b)      how a node might control its workload once congestion is detected,
> such as through 
> *       the throttling of new connection setups, topology-status updates,
> and Hello updates with the use of automatic congestion control mechanisms,

1) Perhaps the title should mention PNNI: I'm not sure which connection
setups
   you would want to restrict in OSPF or ISIS.

2) I'm not sure that you really mean "throttling... Hello updates".  In your
   next paragraph, you advocate special handling of Hello Messages to assure
   they go through.  

>         * Inability to segment the network (into smaller "peer groups") to
aid
>          in the LS protocol recovery

I'm not sure what you are asking for here.  There is no obstacle in either
OSPF
or ISIS to create small peer groups.  In fact, your sample has very small
(4)
peer groups.  Do you want to reconfigure on the fly?  Do you want more
levels of 
hierarchy?

> 2.2 Vendor Analysis of Product Performance

> Various vendors and service providers were asked to analyze their product
> with reference to how their LS protocol recovers from a total network
> failure, that is, loss of all database information in the specified
> scenario.  The specification of the failure presented to the vendors made
> the following assumptions:

> 1.      400 node network is considered
> a)      100 backbone nodes
> b)      3 edge nodes per backbone node (Edge single homed)
> c)      Each backbone node is connected to no more than 10 nodes (maximum
> node adjacency is 13, which defines a sparse network)
> 1.      There are 101 areas
> a)      1 backbone area with 100 backbone nodes
> b)      100 edge areas, each with 3 nodes, all homed on the backbone peer
> group
> 1.      1,000,000 addresses are advertised in the network
> 2.      maximum node adjacency is 13
> a)      sparse network

I found the numbering confusing, and don't know if this is one specification
or three.  This might mean

        * 300 Edge Nodes

        * 100 Backbone nodes.
                - Each backbone node connects to 3 edge nodes
                - Each backbone node connects to 10 other backbone nodes
                - Each cluster of 3 edge nodes and backbone router forms a
single unique area
                - Each edge node advertises 3.333K routes

but other configurations are possible.  I would be interested to know how
your 
backbone routers are connected to each other. 
  
> During the study, a TSU
> storm of size X is created at instant of time 100 seconds where storm-size
> is defined as the number of TSUs generated during a storm.  Three cases
are
> considered with X = 300, 600 and 900 respectively.  

Can you clarify who originates these 300*X packets?  Is it the edge routers?
What are the sizes of the packets, and what are the contents?  For example,
I assume that you don't simply have two versions of each edge router's
topology
and send one then the other.  These details are probably in the paper
[choudhury] 
cited.  Is that paper publically available yet?

Perhaps you could define the test you describe in enough detail to provide
an interesting synthetic test of general utility.  I'm sure AT&T would love
to push back this test from your labs to your suppliers.  If the description
is clear cut enough, some of the test vendors might be able to produce
equipment
that could direct such a storm at a device under test.  May I be the first
to suggest the name "Link Adjacency Stability Test, G. Ash Switch Profiler",
or 
LAST GASP.  
 
- jeff parker
- axiowave networks
 
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 17 11:04:32 2001
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Hi,

	ISO-10589 states the action to take when receiving certain LSPs (Newer,
Same, Older...). The specification does not state what to do when you
receive a LSP, which contains the same LSPID, Sequence Number but with
different Remaining Lifetime values, i.e. the LSP Database Entry has
Remaining Lifetime = 0 and the received LSP has Remaining Lifetime = 1199.
What should we do in this situation? Should we return the expired LSP to the
source?

Cheers,
Ken

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 17 11:31:08 2001
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Ken Larmer wrote:
> 
> Hi,
> 
>         ISO-10589 states the action to take when receiving certain LSPs (Newer,
> Same, Older...). The specification does not state what to do when you
> receive a LSP, which contains the same LSPID, Sequence Number but with
> different Remaining Lifetime values, i.e. the LSP Database Entry has
> Remaining Lifetime = 0 and the received LSP has Remaining Lifetime = 1199.
> What should we do in this situation? Should we return the expired LSP to the
> source?
> 
> Cheers,
> Ken

No, 10589, section 7.3.16.3 states "if the remaining lifetime of the
received LSP is non-zero, but there is an LSP in the database with the
same sequence number and zero remaining lifetime, the LSP in the 
database shall be considered most recent. Otherwise, the LSP with the
larger sequence number shall be considered the most recent."

Regards,
Erik
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Date: Fri, 17 Aug 2001 11:33:32 -0400

Ken,

Here's an excerpt from 7.3.16.3

"If the Remaining Lifetime in a received LSP or in an LSP entry in a
received SNP is non-zero, but there is an LSP in the database with the same
sequence number and zero Remaining Lifetime, the LSP in the database shall
be considered most recent.  Otherwise, the PDU with the larger sequence
number shall be considered the most recent."

Ravi

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Ken Larmer [mailto:Larmer@CommSense.Net]
> Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 11:04 AM
> To: Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> Cc: Ken Larmer
> Subject: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> 	ISO-10589 states the action to take when receiving 
> certain LSPs (Newer,
> Same, Older...). The specification does not state what to do when you
> receive a LSP, which contains the same LSPID, Sequence Number but with
> different Remaining Lifetime values, i.e. the LSP Database Entry has
> Remaining Lifetime = 0 and the received LSP has Remaining 
> Lifetime = 1199.
> What should we do in this situation? Should we return the 
> expired LSP to the
> source?
> 
> Cheers,
> Ken
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> 
_______________________________________________
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 17 11:37:23 2001
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From: "Ken Larmer" <Larmer@commsense.net>
To: "Erik Hietbrink" <ehietbrink@lucent.com>
Cc: "Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net" <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
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Date: Fri, 17 Aug 2001 11:37:35 -0400
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Thanks Eric, I missed that!

Cheers,
Ken

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Erik Hietbrink [mailto:ehietbrink@lucent.com]
> Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 11:29 AM
> To: Ken Larmer
> Cc: Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> 
> 
> Ken Larmer wrote:
> > 
> > Hi,
> > 
> >         ISO-10589 states the action to take when receiving 
> certain LSPs (Newer,
> > Same, Older...). The specification does not state what to do when you
> > receive a LSP, which contains the same LSPID, Sequence Number but with
> > different Remaining Lifetime values, i.e. the LSP Database Entry has
> > Remaining Lifetime = 0 and the received LSP has Remaining 
> Lifetime = 1199.
> > What should we do in this situation? Should we return the 
> expired LSP to the
> > source?
> > 
> > Cheers,
> > Ken
> 
> No, 10589, section 7.3.16.3 states "if the remaining lifetime of the
> received LSP is non-zero, but there is an LSP in the database with the
> same sequence number and zero remaining lifetime, the LSP in the 
> database shall be considered most recent. Otherwise, the LSP with the
> larger sequence number shall be considered the most recent."
> 
> Regards,
> Erik
> 
_______________________________________________
Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg


From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 17 11:59:56 2001
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From: Nageswara Soma <nsoma@force10networks.com>
To: "Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net" <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
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Date: Fri, 17 Aug 2001 08:58:54 -0700

What if received LSP has a different life time than
the one in LSP database? Note that both life times are non-zero.
I had come across such case against a test suite. It regenerated
an LSP with different content with same sequence number.

Thanks
Nageswara

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Sunkad, Ravindra [mailto:Ravindra.Sunkad@marconi.com]
> Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 8:34 AM
> To: 'Ken Larmer'; Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> 
> 
> Ken,
> 
> Here's an excerpt from 7.3.16.3
> 
> "If the Remaining Lifetime in a received LSP or in an LSP entry in a
> received SNP is non-zero, but there is an LSP in the database 
> with the same
> sequence number and zero Remaining Lifetime, the LSP in the 
> database shall
> be considered most recent.  Otherwise, the PDU with the 
> larger sequence
> number shall be considered the most recent."
> 
> Ravi
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Ken Larmer [mailto:Larmer@CommSense.Net]
> > Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 11:04 AM
> > To: Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> > Cc: Ken Larmer
> > Subject: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> > 
> > 
> > Hi,
> > 
> > 	ISO-10589 states the action to take when receiving 
> > certain LSPs (Newer,
> > Same, Older...). The specification does not state what to 
> do when you
> > receive a LSP, which contains the same LSPID, Sequence 
> Number but with
> > different Remaining Lifetime values, i.e. the LSP Database Entry has
> > Remaining Lifetime = 0 and the received LSP has Remaining 
> > Lifetime = 1199.
> > What should we do in this situation? Should we return the 
> > expired LSP to the
> > source?
> > 
> > Cheers,
> > Ken
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> 
_______________________________________________
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http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg


From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 17 14:19:12 2001
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From: Satish Dattatri <satish@pluris.com>
To: "'Nageswara Soma'" <nsoma@force10networks.com>,
        "Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net" <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
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Date: Fri, 17 Aug 2001 11:17:41 -0700

Hi Soma,
Hopefully the checksum would be different in that case also.
7.3.16.2:
Now there are 2 cases the LSP being a 
(a) local one: bump the seq# and regenerate
(b) non-local LSP: purge the LSP since there is no reliable way
to tell which is more recent.

I think this needs to be done also, could not find the ref in the spec:
If the checksum happens also to be same then unless an implementation
does a diff (either on the raw PDU or the contents)it will take it to 
be a duplicate reception of same LSP and ignore. On doing a diff in 
your case, the LSP will be purged becoz of the different content.

Satish

-----Original Message-----
From: Nageswara Soma [mailto:nsoma@force10networks.com]
Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 8:59 AM
To: Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP


What if received LSP has a different life time than
the one in LSP database? Note that both life times are non-zero.
I had come across such case against a test suite. It regenerated
an LSP with different content with same sequence number.

Thanks
Nageswara

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Sunkad, Ravindra [mailto:Ravindra.Sunkad@marconi.com]
> Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 8:34 AM
> To: 'Ken Larmer'; Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> 
> 
> Ken,
> 
> Here's an excerpt from 7.3.16.3
> 
> "If the Remaining Lifetime in a received LSP or in an LSP entry in a
> received SNP is non-zero, but there is an LSP in the database 
> with the same
> sequence number and zero Remaining Lifetime, the LSP in the 
> database shall
> be considered most recent.  Otherwise, the PDU with the 
> larger sequence
> number shall be considered the most recent."
> 
> Ravi
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Ken Larmer [mailto:Larmer@CommSense.Net]
> > Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 11:04 AM
> > To: Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> > Cc: Ken Larmer
> > Subject: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> > 
> > 
> > Hi,
> > 
> > 	ISO-10589 states the action to take when receiving 
> > certain LSPs (Newer,
> > Same, Older...). The specification does not state what to 
> do when you
> > receive a LSP, which contains the same LSPID, Sequence 
> Number but with
> > different Remaining Lifetime values, i.e. the LSP Database Entry has
> > Remaining Lifetime = 0 and the received LSP has Remaining 
> > Lifetime = 1199.
> > What should we do in this situation? Should we return the 
> > expired LSP to the
> > source?
> > 
> > Cheers,
> > Ken
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> 
_______________________________________________
Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
_______________________________________________
Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg


From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 17 15:28:43 2001
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From: "Sunkad, Ravindra" <Ravindra.Sunkad@marconi.com>
To: "'Satish Dattatri'" <satish@pluris.com>,
        "'Nageswara Soma'"
	 <nsoma@force10networks.com>,
        "Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net"
	 <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
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Date: Fri, 17 Aug 2001 15:28:12 -0400

The "Remaining Lifetime" field is not used in checksum computation. So, it's
possible that the received LSP has the same seq. no. and the same checksum
(and the same contents except Rem. Life Time). In that case I would think
the IS would just treat it as receiving an LSP "equal" to it's copy.

Ravi

 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Satish Dattatri [mailto:satish@pluris.com]
> Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 2:18 PM
> To: 'Nageswara Soma'; Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> 
> 
> Hi Soma,
> Hopefully the checksum would be different in that case also.
> 7.3.16.2:
> Now there are 2 cases the LSP being a 
> (a) local one: bump the seq# and regenerate
> (b) non-local LSP: purge the LSP since there is no reliable way
> to tell which is more recent.
> 
> I think this needs to be done also, could not find the ref in 
> the spec:
> If the checksum happens also to be same then unless an implementation
> does a diff (either on the raw PDU or the contents)it will take it to 
> be a duplicate reception of same LSP and ignore. On doing a diff in 
> your case, the LSP will be purged becoz of the different content.
> 
> Satish
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Nageswara Soma [mailto:nsoma@force10networks.com]
> Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 8:59 AM
> To: Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> 
> 
> What if received LSP has a different life time than
> the one in LSP database? Note that both life times are non-zero.
> I had come across such case against a test suite. It regenerated
> an LSP with different content with same sequence number.
> 
> Thanks
> Nageswara
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Sunkad, Ravindra [mailto:Ravindra.Sunkad@marconi.com]
> > Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 8:34 AM
> > To: 'Ken Larmer'; Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> > Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> > 
> > 
> > Ken,
> > 
> > Here's an excerpt from 7.3.16.3
> > 
> > "If the Remaining Lifetime in a received LSP or in an LSP entry in a
> > received SNP is non-zero, but there is an LSP in the database 
> > with the same
> > sequence number and zero Remaining Lifetime, the LSP in the 
> > database shall
> > be considered most recent.  Otherwise, the PDU with the 
> > larger sequence
> > number shall be considered the most recent."
> > 
> > Ravi
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Ken Larmer [mailto:Larmer@CommSense.Net]
> > > Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 11:04 AM
> > > To: Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> > > Cc: Ken Larmer
> > > Subject: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> > > 
> > > 
> > > Hi,
> > > 
> > > 	ISO-10589 states the action to take when receiving 
> > > certain LSPs (Newer,
> > > Same, Older...). The specification does not state what to 
> > do when you
> > > receive a LSP, which contains the same LSPID, Sequence 
> > Number but with
> > > different Remaining Lifetime values, i.e. the LSP 
> Database Entry has
> > > Remaining Lifetime = 0 and the received LSP has Remaining 
> > > Lifetime = 1199.
> > > What should we do in this situation? Should we return the 
> > > expired LSP to the
> > > source?
> > > 
> > > Cheers,
> > > Ken
> > > 
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 17 19:30:02 2001
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From: Satish Dattatri <satish@pluris.com>
To: "'Sunkad, Ravindra'" <Ravindra.Sunkad@marconi.com>,
        Satish Dattatri
	 <satish@pluris.com>,
        "'Nageswara Soma'" <nsoma@force10networks.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
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Date: Fri, 17 Aug 2001 16:29:06 -0700

But in case of Soma's question a test suite generated a LSP with
same seq# but different contents in the LSP. And you are right
life time *cannot* be a factor to decide which is newer (see b 
in the old mail). This commonly happens when same LSP is recvd from
2 neighbor's.

Satish
-----Original Message-----
From: Sunkad, Ravindra [mailto:Ravindra.Sunkad@marconi.com]
Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 12:28 PM
To: 'Satish Dattatri'; 'Nageswara Soma'; Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP


The "Remaining Lifetime" field is not used in checksum computation. So, it's
possible that the received LSP has the same seq. no. and the same checksum
(and the same contents except Rem. Life Time). In that case I would think
the IS would just treat it as receiving an LSP "equal" to it's copy.

Ravi

 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Satish Dattatri [mailto:satish@pluris.com]
> Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 2:18 PM
> To: 'Nageswara Soma'; Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> 
> 
> Hi Soma,
> Hopefully the checksum would be different in that case also.
> 7.3.16.2:
> Now there are 2 cases the LSP being a 
> (a) local one: bump the seq# and regenerate
> (b) non-local LSP: purge the LSP since there is no reliable way
> to tell which is more recent.
> 
> I think this needs to be done also, could not find the ref in 
> the spec:
> If the checksum happens also to be same then unless an implementation
> does a diff (either on the raw PDU or the contents)it will take it to 
> be a duplicate reception of same LSP and ignore. On doing a diff in 
> your case, the LSP will be purged becoz of the different content.
> 
> Satish
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Nageswara Soma [mailto:nsoma@force10networks.com]
> Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 8:59 AM
> To: Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> 
> 
> What if received LSP has a different life time than
> the one in LSP database? Note that both life times are non-zero.
> I had come across such case against a test suite. It regenerated
> an LSP with different content with same sequence number.
> 
> Thanks
> Nageswara
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Sunkad, Ravindra [mailto:Ravindra.Sunkad@marconi.com]
> > Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 8:34 AM
> > To: 'Ken Larmer'; Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> > Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> > 
> > 
> > Ken,
> > 
> > Here's an excerpt from 7.3.16.3
> > 
> > "If the Remaining Lifetime in a received LSP or in an LSP entry in a
> > received SNP is non-zero, but there is an LSP in the database 
> > with the same
> > sequence number and zero Remaining Lifetime, the LSP in the 
> > database shall
> > be considered most recent.  Otherwise, the PDU with the 
> > larger sequence
> > number shall be considered the most recent."
> > 
> > Ravi
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Ken Larmer [mailto:Larmer@CommSense.Net]
> > > Sent: Friday, August 17, 2001 11:04 AM
> > > To: Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net
> > > Cc: Ken Larmer
> > > Subject: [Isis-wg] Action on receipt of LSP
> > > 
> > > 
> > > Hi,
> > > 
> > > 	ISO-10589 states the action to take when receiving 
> > > certain LSPs (Newer,
> > > Same, Older...). The specification does not state what to 
> > do when you
> > > receive a LSP, which contains the same LSPID, Sequence 
> > Number but with
> > > different Remaining Lifetime values, i.e. the LSP 
> Database Entry has
> > > Remaining Lifetime = 0 and the received LSP has Remaining 
> > > Lifetime = 1199.
> > > What should we do in this situation? Should we return the 
> > > expired LSP to the
> > > source?
> > > 
> > > Cheers,
> > > Ken
> > > 
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> > 
> _______________________________________________
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Sun Aug 19 05:46:54 2001
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Date: Sun, 19 Aug 2001 09:44:34 +0000 (GMT)

Hi,

I'm looking through ISO 10589 and trying to understand how routers learn
the link state database once adjacencies have been formed. For broadcast I
gather that the CSNP from the DIS will initiate an update, but what about
on point-to-point? Any pointers gladly received!

TIA,
John



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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Sun Aug 19 08:09:32 2001
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Date: Sun, 19 Aug 2001 12:08:26 +0000 (GMT)


Thanks,

Sorry I should have said that I'd read that bit, but I'm still not
clear exactly what happens. I guess that once two routers are adjacent
they exchange CSNPs and then send PSNPs for
any LSPs they are short of or are old? Correct?

Thanks,
John


On Sun, 19 Aug 2001, Hannes Gredler wrote:

> On Sun, Aug 19, 2001 at 09:44:34AM +0000, John Greenhalgh wrote:
> | Hi,
> | 
> | I'm looking through ISO 10589 and trying to understand how routers learn
> | the link state database once adjacencies have been formed. For broadcast I
> | gather that the CSNP from the DIS will initiate an update, but what about
> | on point-to-point? Any pointers gladly received!
> 
> john,
> 
> take a look at paragraph 7.3.20.2.e where it says:
> 
> [ ... ] CSNPs are transmited on
> point-to-point circuits at initialisation.
> 
> HTH,
> 
> /hannes
> 

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug 20 01:57:33 2001
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Date: Sun, 19 Aug 2001 13:31:22 +0200

On Sun, Aug 19, 2001 at 09:44:34AM +0000, John Greenhalgh wrote:
| Hi,
| 
| I'm looking through ISO 10589 and trying to understand how routers learn
| the link state database once adjacencies have been formed. For broadcast I
| gather that the CSNP from the DIS will initiate an update, but what about
| on point-to-point? Any pointers gladly received!

john,

take a look at paragraph 7.3.20.2.e where it says:

[ ... ] CSNPs are transmited on
point-to-point circuits at initialisation.

HTH,

/hannes
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Date: Sun, 19 Aug 2001 16:14:18 +0200


--PNTmBPCT7hxwcZjr
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

correct - for your convenience i have attached a tcpdump
to see what happens;

/hannes

On Sun, Aug 19, 2001 at 12:08:26PM +0000, John Greenhalgh wrote:
| 
| Thanks,
| 
| Sorry I should have said that I'd read that bit, but I'm still not
| clear exactly what happens. I guess that once two routers are adjacent
| they exchange CSNPs and then send PSNPs for
| any LSPs they are short of or are old? Correct?
| 
| Thanks,
| John
| 
| 
| On Sun, 19 Aug 2001, Hannes Gredler wrote:
| 
| > On Sun, Aug 19, 2001 at 09:44:34AM +0000, John Greenhalgh wrote:
| > | Hi,
| > | 
| > | I'm looking through ISO 10589 and trying to understand how routers learn
| > | the link state database once adjacencies have been formed. For broadcast I
| > | gather that the CSNP from the DIS will initiate an update, but what about
| > | on point-to-point? Any pointers gladly received!
| > 
| > john,
| > 
| > take a look at paragraph 7.3.20.2.e where it says:
| > 
| > [ ... ] CSNPs are transmited on
| > point-to-point circuits at initialisation.
| > 
| > HTH,
| > 
| > /hannes
| > 
| 
| _______________________________________________
| Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
| http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg

--PNTmBPCT7hxwcZjr
Content-Type: application/octet-stream
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="hannes-isis-ppp-tcpdump.1500"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug 20 06:26:28 2001
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Subject: [Isis-wg] OSPF and IS-IS Scalability
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Date: Mon, 20 Aug 2001 15:41:47 +0530
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Hi Dave OR if anybody else can clear this point ..

I was going through your presentation archived at nanog where you have
compared the two link state protocols viz IS-IS and OSPF .. I am working on
IS-IS and am not much aware of OSPF and i was looking at the scalabilities
issues related to both of the protocols. There you have said that the
problem with OSPF is that in theory OSPF topology is limited to how much we
can stuff in the router LSA as each router gets one router LSA and it cant
be bigger than the biggest of the IP datagram (64K) and so can contain some
O(5000) links.
And the problem you said with IS-IS is the number of LSPs a single router
can issue which is 256. My question is that how can we say that in OSPF a
router has to stuff all its link database in ** one ** LSA. We have the
mechanism of I-bit and the M-bit wherein we control the division of a large
topological database description into multiple messages.

Can you please throw some light on this.

Thanks and Regards,
Manav Bhatia
"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2



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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug 20 09:57:12 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] OSPF and IS-IS Scalability
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Date: Mon, 20 Aug 2001 19:30:05 +0530
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Hi Manral,
I was able to do this calculation but what i wanted to ask was ..
Where is it mentioned that a router can originate only one-router LSA for
each area it is connected to .. as i understand during the database exchange
process the routers form a master/slave relationship, the master being first
to transmit. The master sends database description packets to the slave to
describe its database of link state information. Flags in database
description packets indicate whether they are form the master or slave (the
M/S bit), the first such packet (the I bit) and if there are more packets to
come (the M bit). Database exchange is complete when a router recieves a
database description packet from its neighbor with the M bit off.

If this is so then there is no limit on the size of the LSAs an  OSPF router
can advertise.

I am copying it on to the list so that others can chime in and help us out
..

Regards,
Manav

----- Original Message -----
From: "Manral, Vishwas" <VishwasM@netplane.com>
To: "'Manav Bhatia'" <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>
Cc: <dkatz@juniper.com>
Sent: Monday, August 20, 2001 5:02 PM
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] OSPF and IS-IS Scalability


> Hi Manav/Dave,
>
> Well each router can originate only one router LSA for each area it is
> connected to.
>
> Each link in the router can take up at most 24 bytes. The maximum size of
a
> ospf LS-Update packet is 2^16, as the packet length of the ospf header is
24
> bytes. So the total number of links maximum is about 2^16/ 24  is
> approximately equal to 2730.
>
> However if we take the minimum link size per link in the router lsa, then
> the max is about 2730 * 2, or O(5000).
>
> Tell me Dave where i m wrong, or is it the IP packet we are talking about?
>
> Thanks,
> Vishwas
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Manav Bhatia [mailto:mnvbhatia@yahoo.com]
> Sent: Monday, August 20, 2001 3:42 PM
> To: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
> Cc: dkatz@juniper.com
> Subject: [Isis-wg] OSPF and IS-IS Scalability
>
>
> Hi Dave OR if anybody else can clear this point ..
>
> I was going through your presentation archived at nanog where you have
> compared the two link state protocols viz IS-IS and OSPF .. I am working
on
> IS-IS and am not much aware of OSPF and i was looking at the scalabilities
> issues related to both of the protocols. There you have said that the
> problem with OSPF is that in theory OSPF topology is limited to how much
we
> can stuff in the router LSA as each router gets one router LSA and it cant
> be bigger than the biggest of the IP datagram (64K) and so can contain
some
> O(5000) links.
> And the problem you said with IS-IS is the number of LSPs a single router
> can issue which is 256. My question is that how can we say that in OSPF a
> router has to stuff all its link database in ** one ** LSA. We have the
> mechanism of I-bit and the M-bit wherein we control the division of a
large
> topological database description into multiple messages.
>
> Can you please throw some light on this.
>
> Thanks and Regards,
> Manav Bhatia
> "C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2


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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug 20 18:09:36 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Initialisation question
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> | Sorry I should have said that I'd read that bit, but I'm still not
> | clear exactly what happens. I guess that once two routers are adjacent
> | they exchange CSNPs and then send PSNPs for
> | any LSPs they are short of or are old? Correct?

  You have been reading rfc2328, haven't you. :-)

> correct - for your convenience i have attached a tcpdump
> to see what happens;

  Sorry, this is not correct.

  When a p2p adjacency comes up, both routers:
 1) for each LSP in the LSPDB, set the SRM bit for this interface
 2) send a CSNP (note, can consist of multiple packets)
 3) wait for a while to give the other router some time to send a CSNP
 4) hopefully receive a CNSP
 5) when they receive the CSNP from the other side, clear the SRM bit
    for all LSPs that the other router already seems to have
 6) send all LSPs that still have the SRM bit set

  If the CSNP from the other router gets lost somewhere, you will end
 up sending all LSPs. This might be some unnecessary work, but it will
 guarantee that the LSPDBs will be in sync.

    henk.


> 
> | 
> | 
> | On Sun, 19 Aug 2001, Hannes Gredler wrote:
> | 
> | > On Sun, Aug 19, 2001 at 09:44:34AM +0000, John Greenhalgh wrote:
> | > | Hi,
> | > | 
> | > | I'm looking through ISO 10589 and trying to understand how routers learn
> | > | the link state database once adjacencies have been formed. For broadcast I
> | > | gather that the CSNP from the DIS will initiate an update, but what about
> | > | on point-to-point? Any pointers gladly received!
> | > 
> | > john,
> | > 
> | > take a look at paragraph 7.3.20.2.e where it says:
> | > 
> | > [ ... ] CSNPs are transmited on
> | > point-to-point circuits at initialisation.
> | > 
> | > HTH,
> | > 
> | > /hannes
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug 20 18:18:29 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] OSPF and IS-IS Scalability
To: mnvbhatia@yahoo.com
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In-Reply-To: <002701c12980$72129e20$da046c6b@Manav> from "Manav Bhatia" at Aug 20, 2001 07:30:05 PM
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  This seems a question for the ospf mailinglist .....

  In OSPF there is no limit to the number of LSAs in the LSDB.
 The I/M bit mechanism you describe helps in that respect.
 But the problem is that even though the LSDB can contain as many
 packets as you want, each packet is limited in size to 64K.

  The description of a single router *has* to be done in one single
 router LSA. That means the router LSA can not be bigger than 64KB,
 or you will not be able to send it to your neighbors.
 The only way an OSPF router can advertise which routers it is directly
 adjacent to, is by including those inside its router LSA. So if the
 router LSA can only be 64KB, the number of neighbors that can be
 advertised is limited.

    Henk.


> Hi Manral,
> I was able to do this calculation but what i wanted to ask was ..
> Where is it mentioned that a router can originate only one-router LSA for
> each area it is connected to .. as i understand during the database exchange
> process the routers form a master/slave relationship, the master being first
> to transmit. The master sends database description packets to the slave to
> describe its database of link state information. Flags in database
> description packets indicate whether they are form the master or slave (the
> M/S bit), the first such packet (the I bit) and if there are more packets to
> come (the M bit). Database exchange is complete when a router recieves a
> database description packet from its neighbor with the M bit off.
> 
> If this is so then there is no limit on the size of the LSAs an  OSPF router
> can advertise.
> 
> I am copying it on to the list so that others can chime in and help us out
> ..
> 
> Regards,
> Manav
> 
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Manral, Vishwas" <VishwasM@netplane.com>
> To: "'Manav Bhatia'" <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>
> Cc: <dkatz@juniper.com>
> Sent: Monday, August 20, 2001 5:02 PM
> Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] OSPF and IS-IS Scalability
> 
> 
> > Hi Manav/Dave,
> >
> > Well each router can originate only one router LSA for each area it is
> > connected to.
> >
> > Each link in the router can take up at most 24 bytes. The maximum size of
> a
> > ospf LS-Update packet is 2^16, as the packet length of the ospf header is
> 24
> > bytes. So the total number of links maximum is about 2^16/ 24  is
> > approximately equal to 2730.
> >
> > However if we take the minimum link size per link in the router lsa, then
> > the max is about 2730 * 2, or O(5000).
> >
> > Tell me Dave where i m wrong, or is it the IP packet we are talking about?
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Vishwas
> >
> >
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Manav Bhatia [mailto:mnvbhatia@yahoo.com]
> > Sent: Monday, August 20, 2001 3:42 PM
> > To: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
> > Cc: dkatz@juniper.com
> > Subject: [Isis-wg] OSPF and IS-IS Scalability
> >
> >
> > Hi Dave OR if anybody else can clear this point ..
> >
> > I was going through your presentation archived at nanog where you have
> > compared the two link state protocols viz IS-IS and OSPF .. I am working
> on
> > IS-IS and am not much aware of OSPF and i was looking at the scalabilities
> > issues related to both of the protocols. There you have said that the
> > problem with OSPF is that in theory OSPF topology is limited to how much
> we
> > can stuff in the router LSA as each router gets one router LSA and it cant
> > be bigger than the biggest of the IP datagram (64K) and so can contain
> some
> > O(5000) links.
> > And the problem you said with IS-IS is the number of LSPs a single router
> > can issue which is 256. My question is that how can we say that in OSPF a
> > router has to stuff all its link database in ** one ** LSA. We have the
> > mechanism of I-bit and the M-bit wherein we control the division of a
> large
> > topological database description into multiple messages.
> >
> > Can you please throw some light on this.
> >
> > Thanks and Regards,
> > Manav Bhatia
> > "C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2
> 
> 
> _________________________________________________________
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> 
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug 20 18:38:57 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Doubts on Traffic Engineering
To: sachidananda_k@hotmail.com (Sachidananda K)
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> Hello,
> I have some doubts related to the traffic engineering related draft 
> associated with IS - IS. According to the Draft 
> draft-ietf-isis-traffic-03.txt, certain TLVs are modified to add Information 
> on traffic Engineering.
> These are:
> 1. IS Reachability TLV
> 2. IP Reachability TLV
> 
> My questions:
> Queries Regarding the Extended IS Reachability TLV
> -------------------------------------------------------------
> 1. Sub TLV: 3        Description:    Administrative Group
> Query:
> a. Who assigns the Adminstrative Group for the Router. Is it a configurable 
> parameter ?

  Quote:
    4.1 Sub-TLV 3: Administrative group (color, resource class)

       The administrative group sub-TLV contains a 4-octet bit mask assigned
       by the network administrator.

  Answer: the network administrator.
 Note, "Adminstrative Group" is not something assigned to a router.
 It is assigned to a link.

> b. Is this sub-TLV a must or optional ?

  All sub-TLVs of TLV22 are optional.

> -------------------------------------------------------------
> 2. Sub TLV:   9, 10 & 11
> Query:
> a. How do we come to know about the Maximum Link bandwidth of the Link ?

  It is defined by the layer2 properties of the link (example: ethernet
 is 10 Mbps), or configured by the network administator.

> b. Are there any Functional Computation for this purpose ?

  No idea. Don't think so.

> c. Or can this be included as a configurable Parameter?

  Yes.

> d. Is this sub-TLV a must or optional ?

  All sub-TLVs of TLV22 are optional.

> --------------------------------------------------------------
> 3. Sub TLV: 18     Description: Traffic Engineering Default metric
> Query:
> a. Is this a configurable Parameter ?

  Yes.

> b. Is this sub-TLV optional or must ?

  All sub-TLVs of TLV22 are optional.

> ------------------------------------------------------------
> Queries Regarding Extended IP Reachability TLV
> Are there any sub-TLVs defined for this TLV after the publishing of the 
> draft ?

  Not that I know of.
 You can check the drafts yourself at:

     http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/isis-charter.html

> ------------------------------------------------------------
> I was also wondering if the implementation compliant with this draft is to 
> transmit all the TLVs (IP internal reachibility, IP external reachibility 
> and IP extended reachibility) or should it transmit either 2 or 1 of these 
> depending on circumstances.

  Depends on circumstances.
 To make use of the wider metrics of the newer TLVs, all routers inside
 an area (or participating in the L2 backbone) must understand the
 new TLVs. Once all routers are upgraded and configured to understand
 the new TLVs, then there is no benefit anymore in advertising the older
 type TLVs. So typically you will see routers only advertise both old
 and new TLVs during a (short) transition period.

> Can you please suggest any standard/draft that answers all my questions if 
> at all there is any.
>
> I shall be obliged to receive early response.
> Thanking you in advance for all the responses.
> Sachi

  It would be nice if you would ask these questions from an email
 account that shows us who you are. Hotmail addresses are a bit
 impersonal.

     Henk.

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug 20 18:48:09 2001
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> An alternative proposal to deal with the cell tax was
> proposed which encodes both IP and ISIS traffic "raw",
> and demultiplexes based on the difference between
> the first nibble of the NLPID for ISIS (0x8) and 
> the version number for IP (0x4 or 0x6).  This proposal
> seems to have aged off the list, but gathered support
> from several vendors.  

  I wrote the draft for that proposal when I was at a previous job.
 At the time I contacted a few large ISPs that had ATM backbones.
 Nobody seemed to be really interested to save some bandwidth.
 Some because they had enough bandwidth, some because they were
 planning to move to PacketOverSonet (and MPLS).
 So I never commited the changes to my former employer's software.
 And because my idea had no been deployed, I let the draft die.

  Are there really people using this hack to run ISIS and IP over
 one aal5mux VC ? I'd be very interested to hear from them.
 Thanks,

    Henk.


> > ps: Though I don't think the spec has anything against ISIS 
> > running over IP, but I doubt if there are any such 
> > implementations on the field.
> 
> A bit of history on this...
> 
> There -was- a draft proposal to run ISIS over IP.  A number
> of reasons were put forward for this, including allowing
> larger LSPs (let IP handle fragmentation) and avoiding 
> something refered to as the "ATM cell tax" that came about
> if you needed to multiplex two protocols over ATM, and the
> resulting effect of requiring two ATM cells to hols a TCP 
> Ack.  There were folks who implemented this encapsulation.  
> 
> The chief driving force for seemed to be avoiding
> the cell tax: there were doubts that adding a second
> layer of fragmentation was a good thing.  
> 
> An alternative proposal to deal with the cell tax was
> proposed which encodes both IP and ISIS traffic "raw",
> and demultiplexes based on the difference between
> the first nibble of the NLPID for ISIS (0x8) and 
> the version number for IP (0x4 or 0x6).  This proposal
> seems to have aged off the list, but gathered support
> from several vendors.  
> 
> - jeff parker
> - axiowave networks
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug 20 18:58:04 2001
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> > An alternative proposal to deal with the cell tax was
> > proposed which ... demultiplexes based on the ...
> > the first nibble 
>
>   I wrote the draft for that proposal when I was at a previous job.
>  At the time I contacted a few large ISPs that had ATM backbones.
>  Nobody seemed to be really interested to save some bandwidth.
>  Some because they had enough bandwidth, some because they were
>  planning to move to PacketOverSonet (and MPLS).
>  So I never commited the changes to my former employer's software.
>  And because my idea had no been deployed, I let the draft die.
> 
>   Are there really people using this hack to run ISIS and IP over
>  one aal5mux VC ? I'd be very interested to hear from them.
>  Thanks,
> 
>     Henk.

Henk -

	And I was counting your former employer as one vendor! 

	In a previous life, I heard from ISPs that were interested
in removing the ATM cell tax, and suspect that concern remains. 
We all know that not everything that is requested and delivered
is deployed.  
 
	I have heard more than one vendor discuss your proposal 
with interest.  I don't know of any deployments.  

- jeff parker
- axiowave networks
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Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 14:25:49 +0800

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_0017_01C12A4D.2C9CB380
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
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hi,
I have some doubts related to ISIS over NBMA networks:
why doesn't ISIS support the *real* NBMA directly (not supporting p2mp!  =

but treating it as a collection of p2p circuits)
are there any major(!) protocol changes need to be done to ISIS for =
supporting NBMA p2mp?
also i would like to know if there is any vendor supporting this =
feature(p2mp support)?
any response in this regard would be of great helpful

thanks in advance,
lakshminarayan r


------=_NextPart_000_0017_01C12A4D.2C9CB380
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 5.00.2614.3500" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>hi,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I have some doubts related to&nbsp;ISIS =
over NBMA=20
networks:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>why doesn't ISIS support the *real* =
NBMA directly=20
(not supporting p2mp!&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>but treating it as a collection of p2p=20
circuits)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>are&nbsp;there any major(!) =
protocol&nbsp;changes=20
need to be done to ISIS for supporting&nbsp;NBMA p2mp?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>also i would like to&nbsp;know=20
if&nbsp;there&nbsp;is any vendor&nbsp;supporting this feature(p2mp=20
support)?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>any response in this regard would be of =
great=20
helpful</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>thanks in advance,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>lakshminarayan r</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_000_0017_01C12A4D.2C9CB380--

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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] P2MP
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Date: Mon, 20 Aug 2001 23:48:24 -0700 (PDT)

ISIS predated much of the growth of NBMA networks.

Having said that, I've always maintained that OSPF's P2MP mode is
essentially a hack for vendors that did not allow the creation of
virtual point-to-point interfaces over NBMA at the system level,
since this is effectively what P2MP mode emulates.  

It would probably be a smaller hack to ISIS to support this than
it was to OSPF (since ISIS couldn't care less about IP subnets,
as far as its own operation is concerned) but there doesn't
seem to be any real call for it.

   why doesn't ISIS support the *real* NBMA directly (not supporting p2mp!  =

   but treating it as a collection of p2p circuits)
   are there any major(!) protocol changes need to be done to ISIS for =
   supporting NBMA p2mp?
   also i would like to know if there is any vendor supporting this =
   feature(p2mp support)?
   any response in this regard would be of great helpful
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Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 11:03:39 +0000

Hello,

I have some questions related to the parameter 
minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval as described in section 7.3.15.6 of 
ISO 10589.

Does this parameter corresponds to the frequency at which Link State 
Database is scanned for transmitting the LSP? That is every 
minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration the Link state database 
MUST be scanned for searching the LSP to be sent.

Or it corresponds to the minimum time interval that needs to be allowed 
between consecutive packets (be it of any type) on a LAN interface? that is 
suppose on a particular interface (say A) if a LSP is sent, then for the 
next minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration no other packets of 
any type is to be sent on this interface.

Apart from this, if the point 1 is not true, then is there any parameter 
that dictates the frequency at which the link state database is to be 
scanned for searching the LSP to be sent?

Thanking in advance for all early responses that I receive.
Sachi

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the IS-IS for IP Internets Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: IS-IS extensions for Traffic Engineering
	Author(s)	: T. Li, H. Smit
	Filename	: draft-ietf-isis-traffic-04.txt
	Pages		: 11
	Date		: 20-Aug-01
	
This document describes extensions to the IS-IS protocol to support
Traffic Engineering [1].  The IS-IS protocol is specified in [2],
with extensions for supporting IPv4 specified in [3].
This document extends the IS-IS protocol by specifying new
information that a Intermediate System (IS) [router] can place in
Link State Protocol Data Units (LSPs).  This information describes
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 21 08:44:18 2001
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Please find my comments inline ..

> Does this parameter corresponds to the frequency at which Link State
> Database is scanned for transmitting the LSP? That is every
> minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration the Link state database
> MUST be scanned for searching the LSP to be sent.

Yes. Setting the SRMflag does not cause the LSP to be transmitted
immediately. Instead the IS scans the database after every
minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval and choses the LSP to be multicasted
randomly. Once this is done the SRMflag for the corresponding LSP is
cleared.

Hope this helps,
Manav Bhatia

>
> Or it corresponds to the minimum time interval that needs to be allowed
> between consecutive packets (be it of any type) on a LAN interface? that
is
> suppose on a particular interface (say A) if a LSP is sent, then for the
> next minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration no other packets of
> any type is to be sent on this interface.
>
> Apart from this, if the point 1 is not true, then is there any parameter
> that dictates the frequency at which the link state database is to be
> scanned for searching the LSP to be sent?
>
> Thanking in advance for all early responses that I receive.
> Sachi
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
>
> _______________________________________________
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the IS-IS for IP Internets Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: IS-IS extensions for Traffic Engineering
	Author(s)	: T. Li, H. Smit
	Filename	: draft-ietf-isis-traffic-04.txt
	Pages		: 11
	Date		: 20-Aug-01
	
This document describes extensions to the IS-IS protocol to support
Traffic Engineering [1].  The IS-IS protocol is specified in [2],
with extensions for supporting IPv4 specified in [3].
This document extends the IS-IS protocol by specifying new
information that a Intermediate System (IS) [router] can place in
Link State Protocol Data Units (LSPs).  This information describes
additional information about the state of the network that is useful
for traffic engineering computations.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Protocol parameter.
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Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 08:04:28 -0700 (PDT)

Of course, any implementation that actually scans the database looking
for things to send will probably have other intractable scaling problems
as well.

Unlike the OSPF spec, the ISIS spec provides very little implementation
guidance (a feature, I believe, as it promotes actual thinking.)

All that minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval does is ensure that
the transmission rate is controlled so you don't swamp your receivers
(as there is no flow control in the protocol.)

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   Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 18:16:16 +0530

   Please find my comments inline ..

   > Does this parameter corresponds to the frequency at which Link State
   > Database is scanned for transmitting the LSP? That is every
   > minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration the Link state database
   > MUST be scanned for searching the LSP to be sent.

   Yes. Setting the SRMflag does not cause the LSP to be transmitted
   immediately. Instead the IS scans the database after every
   minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval and choses the LSP to be multicasted
   randomly. Once this is done the SRMflag for the corresponding LSP is
   cleared.

   Hope this helps,
   Manav Bhatia

   >
   > Or it corresponds to the minimum time interval that needs to be allowed
   > between consecutive packets (be it of any type) on a LAN interface? that
   is
   > suppose on a particular interface (say A) if a LSP is sent, then for the
   > next minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration no other packets of
   > any type is to be sent on this interface.
   >
   > Apart from this, if the point 1 is not true, then is there any parameter
   > that dictates the frequency at which the link state database is to be
   > scanned for searching the LSP to be sent?
   >
   > Thanking in advance for all early responses that I receive.
   > Sachi
   >
   > _________________________________________________________________
   > Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
   >
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 21 11:13:01 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Protocol parameter.
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Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 20:45:54 +0530
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> Of course, any implementation that actually scans the database looking
> for things to send will probably have other intractable scaling problems
> as well.
Why so ??
Is it because .. if there is a large toplogy then scanning the entire
database will take up a lot of time .. which is not required out of a
routing protocol because of the convergence issues ..

Regards,
Manav

>
> Unlike the OSPF spec, the ISIS spec provides very little implementation
> guidance (a feature, I believe, as it promotes actual thinking.)
>
> All that minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval does is ensure that
> the transmission rate is controlled so you don't swamp your receivers
> (as there is no flow control in the protocol.)
>
>    X-Apparently-From: <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>
>    Reply-To: "Manav Bhatia" <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>
>    From: "Manav Bhatia" <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>
>    Cc: <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
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>    Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 18:16:16 +0530
>
>    Please find my comments inline ..
>
>    > Does this parameter corresponds to the frequency at which Link State
>    > Database is scanned for transmitting the LSP? That is every
>    > minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration the Link state
database
>    > MUST be scanned for searching the LSP to be sent.
>
>    Yes. Setting the SRMflag does not cause the LSP to be transmitted
>    immediately. Instead the IS scans the database after every
>    minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval and choses the LSP to be
multicasted
>    randomly. Once this is done the SRMflag for the corresponding LSP is
>    cleared.
>
>    Hope this helps,
>    Manav Bhatia
>
>    >
>    > Or it corresponds to the minimum time interval that needs to be
allowed
>    > between consecutive packets (be it of any type) on a LAN interface?
that
>    is
>    > suppose on a particular interface (say A) if a LSP is sent, then for
the
>    > next minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration no other
packets of
>    > any type is to be sent on this interface.
>    >
>    > Apart from this, if the point 1 is not true, then is there any
parameter
>    > that dictates the frequency at which the link state database is to be
>    > scanned for searching the LSP to be sent?
>    >
>    > Thanking in advance for all early responses that I receive.
>    > Sachi
>    >
>    > _________________________________________________________________
>    > Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at
http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
>    >
>    > _______________________________________________
>    > Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
>    > http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
>
>
>    _________________________________________________________
>    Do You Yahoo!?
>    Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
>
>    _______________________________________________
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Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 08:16:24 -0700 (PDT)

   Why so ??
   Is it because .. if there is a large toplogy then scanning the entire
   database will take up a lot of time .. which is not required out of a
   routing protocol because of the convergence issues ..

Basically.
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 21 12:19:10 2001
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Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 21:51:16 +0530
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Hi,
I am supposed to write an implementation of integrated IS-IS which i know i
will be running over tcp/ip networks only. Knowing this, do i need to issue
ISHs .. for i know all my end systems (if any) have to be manually
configured ?

Regards,
Mary



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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 21 14:10:17 2001
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Subject: [Isis-wg] Redistribution of routes from ISIS to OSPF
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Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 19:09:21 +0100

I have not been able to identify a vendor that offers redistribution of IP 
routes between Integrated IS-IS and OSPF.

Have I not looked hard enough? or is it particularly difficult, or even 
impossible to redistribute routes from OSPF into Integrated IS-IS and the 
other way around.

Thanks, Chris.

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Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 20:38:07 +0200

At 20:09 21/08/2001, Chris isis wrote:
>I have not been able to identify a vendor that offers redistribution of IP 
>routes between Integrated IS-IS and OSPF.
>
>Have I not looked hard enough?

I believe so....I know at least one vendor doing it
and doubt it's the only one...

>or is it particularly difficult, or even impossible to redistribute routes 
>from OSPF into Integrated IS-IS and the other way around.

whoever implements routing protocols should be able to
allow redistribution between them.

s.


>Thanks, Chris.
>
>_________________________________________________________________
>Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
>
>_______________________________________________
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>http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 21 15:14:53 2001
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To: stefano previdi <sprevidi@cisco.com>
CC: Chris isis <chris_isis@hotmail.com>, isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Redistribution of routes from ISIS to OSPF
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stefano previdi wrote:

> At 20:09 21/08/2001, Chris isis wrote:
> >I have not been able to identify a vendor that offers redistribution of IP
> >routes between Integrated IS-IS and OSPF.
> >
> >Have I not looked hard enough?
>
> I believe so....I know at least one vendor doing it
> and doubt it's the only one...
>

Well, I know at least one more.. ;-) In general, redistribution of routes
should be a simple matter of inter-protocol policy configuration.

Tayfun Gol

>
> >or is it particularly difficult, or even impossible to redistribute routes
> >from OSPF into Integrated IS-IS and the other way around.
>
> whoever implements routing protocols should be able to
> allow redistribution between them.
>
> s.
>
> >Thanks, Chris.
> >
> >_________________________________________________________________
> >Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
>
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 21 16:15:18 2001
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Subject: [Isis-wg] New 10589 spec, PtoP and ISHs
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Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 13:13:55 -0700


From the original 10589, routers might be able to get around sending ISHs on
ptop circuits.  The original states routers should transmit an IIH
immediately upon circuit startup, and so an implementation need not send an
ISH to get the peer IS to start IIH transmission.  New 10589, however,
removes this wording, and now it appears routers require receipt of an ISH
prior to sending the first IIH.

Yet if there are old implementations that don't send ISHs, ptop adjacencies
won't come up with strict new implementations.  Does anyone know whether
there are deployed ISIS implementations that don't send ISHs on ptop
circuits?

Thanks,
	
  --Neal
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 21 16:40:59 2001
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From: Les  Ginsberg <ginsberg@pluris.com>
To: "'Neal Castagnoli'" <cast@allegronetworks.com>, isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] New 10589 spec, PtoP and ISHs
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Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 13:39:46 -0700

This issue is a confusing one, some of which is due to the fact that the
original wording in ISO 10589:1992 was revised by Technical Corrigendum I
(published in 1993), but because many people do not have ready access to the
TCs, they rely on the uncorrected original text. In fact, the original
intent was made clear in TC1 by adding:

"An IS shall cause ISO 9542 to send an ISH PDU whenever a point-to-point
circuit is first enabled."

and then changing the original text in 8.2.3a (which Neal refers to in
stating that an IIH was supposed to be sent when the circuit was first
enabled) to read:

"a)the IS receives an ISH PDU"

So the original intent was to wait for receipt of an ISH before beginning to
send IIHs. The latest ISO 10589 draft further clarifies this by specifying
that ISH's should continue to be sent periodically until the adjacency
reaches the UP state. This is a logical requirement discovered when
implementing that was not clearly stated even in the TC1 changes.

In an IP only IS-IS implementation, the use of ISH's is an anachronism. Many
implementations relax the requirements, at least on reception, so that
receiving an ISH is not required. In following the old axiom of being
"strict in what you send and generous in what you receive", a robust
implementation should send ISHs until the adjacency is up, but allow (at
least for IP operation) the adjacency to come up without ever seeing an ISH.
This is easily achieved by starting to send IIHs when you first receive an
IIH.

I can tell you from first hand experience that there are indeed
implementations out there which do not send ISHs.

   Les




> -----Original Message-----
> From: Neal Castagnoli [mailto:cast@allegronetworks.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, August 21, 2001 1:14 PM
> To: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
> Subject: [Isis-wg] New 10589 spec, PtoP and ISHs
> 
> 
> 
> From the original 10589, routers might be able to get around 
> sending ISHs on
> ptop circuits.  The original states routers should transmit an IIH
> immediately upon circuit startup, and so an implementation 
> need not send an
> ISH to get the peer IS to start IIH transmission.  New 10589, however,
> removes this wording, and now it appears routers require 
> receipt of an ISH
> prior to sending the first IIH.
> 
> Yet if there are old implementations that don't send ISHs, 
> ptop adjacencies
> won't come up with strict new implementations.  Does anyone 
> know whether
> there are deployed ISIS implementations that don't send ISHs on ptop
> circuits?
> 
> Thanks,
> 	
>   --Neal
> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> 
_______________________________________________
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 21 16:50:32 2001
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Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 13:49:11 -0700 (PDT)

Certainly cisco and Juniper both do it; presumably anybody that does
route redistribution ought to be able to (nothing special here.)

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   Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2001 19:09:21 +0100

   I have not been able to identify a vendor that offers redistribution of IP 
   routes between Integrated IS-IS and OSPF.

   Have I not looked hard enough? or is it particularly difficult, or even 
   impossible to redistribute routes from OSPF into Integrated IS-IS and the 
   other way around.

   Thanks, Chris.

   _________________________________________________________________
   Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp

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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPart_000_000F_01C12B18.293F2C60
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	charset="iso-8859-1"
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Hi,
Is Mesh Groups concept (Rfc-2973) applied only to NBMA circuits or=20
It can be applied for normal serial P2P links also ? (a large set of p2p =
links that results in a full-mesh!)

thanks in advance,
lakshminarayan r

------=_NextPart_000_000F_01C12B18.293F2C60
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	charset="iso-8859-1"
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 5.00.2614.3500" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Hi,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Is Mesh Groups&nbsp;concept (Rfc-2973) =
applied only=20
to NBMA circuits or </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>It can be applied for&nbsp;normal =
serial P2P links=20
also ? (a large set of p2p links that results in a =
full-mesh!)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>thanks in advance,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>lakshminarayan =
r</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_000_000F_01C12B18.293F2C60--

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Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2001 10:02:26 -0400

> Is Mesh Groups concept (Rfc-2973) applied only to 
> NBMA circuits or It can be applied for normal 
> serial P2P links also ? (a large set of p2p 
> links that results in a full-mesh!)

If you just subscribed to this list, then you missed
a discussion of the history behind why IS-IS does 
not support NBMA.  

The normal application of mesh groups is a series 
of circuits that approximates a full mesh.  That 
is, where you are liable to hear about the same 
LSP from multiple sources.  

- jeff parker
- axiowave networks
- I can't remember if I'm the good twin or the evil one.
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Date: Wed, 22 Aug 2001 13:18:10 -0700


We ran a battery of route selection tests against a couple of common
implementations.  One of the implementations in recent versions follows the
RFC 2966 route selection precedence, but in older (deployed) versions treats
the metrics as 8 bits wide.  The other treats external metric, level 2, and
external route (TLV 130) at an absolute lower precedence than L1 internal
routes, regardless of the disposition of the up/down bit.

Given the inconsistent way these common implementations perform route
selection and the attendent routing loops that can form, does it make sense
to avoid use of external routes (TLV 130) altogether?  Does anyone know of
deployed instances in which the use of external routes is required?




-----------------  Example:

Routing loop caused by inconsistent route selection.  C1 is an
implementation that absolutely prefers L1 internal routes, C2 chooses based
on least cost.


                  10       10    10
               A  ---- C1 --- C2 --- B

If A advertises a.b.c.d as an external route of cost 10, but B advertises
the same route as internal at cost 30, then C2 will use the cheaper route to
a.b.c.d through C1 to A at a total cost of 30, but C1 will prefer the more
costly route through C2 to B at 50 since it prefers internal routes to
external routes regardless of their cost.
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Subject: [Isis-wg] More than 256 LSPs
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Date: Thu, 23 Aug 2001 08:24:26 +0530
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A single IS can at most issue 256 LSPs and it has to pack everything it
wants to advertise into this much. Are there any hacks wherein i may be able
to send more information than i what i am capable of using my 256 LSPs. I
believe one such mechanism is by faking a LAN .. but i am not sure as to how
it may work.
Can anybody please explain ?

Thanks and Regards,
Manav Bhatia

"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2



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Hi Sachidananda,

It definitely corresponds to the minimum time interval that needs to be allowed between consecutive LSPs on a LAN interface. But what other significance this 32 millisecond interval has got depends on which of of the following two views hold good. I am not sure about which one is correct and Iam also eager to know

Approach A

          There are certain conditions that make an LSP qualified to be sent. This applies to individual LSPs on per circuit basis and is mainly related to the timing constraint minimumLSPTransmissionInterval. For a large database it is highly probable that at any given time there are LSPs in the database qualified to be send. In ideal case we would never want to hold back an LSP which is qualified to be sent any further. The speed with which we discover a ready LSP is limited by the speed with which we scan the database. Ideally we would like to continuously scan the database and discover ready LSPs as soon as possible. There is a constraint that limits the speed with which you can send the LSPs in the same LAN, even if you have found that it is ready to be transmitted. The minimumLSPbroadcast interval is the minimum interval that you should have between two LSPs sent on a particular LAN. This means that there is no use in finding out ready LSPs more frequent than this, since!
 you cannot send it more frequently. So an efficient implementation should scan the LSDB once in 32 milliseconds, even if its highly demanding

Approach B

As said in section 7.3.15.5 of ISO 10589, If we consider an individual LSP it should be kept with in the router's memory without propagating for atleast minimumLSPTransmissionInterval and no more than twice this value (between 5and 10 seconds). This can be achieved if we scan the database once in each 5 seconds. For a point to point link transmit all the selected LSPs. But in case of broadcast network, take into consideration the 32 millisecond interval between LSP transmission. Even if the router finds out that there are a number of LSPs, keep them in queue and send them separated by 32 milliseconds. The main question here is whether the interpretation that a router can keep an individual LSP between 5 and 10 second is correct or not .If we take an average of 7.5 seconds, a topology change will take more than 75 seconds to travel 10 links. This also puts restriction on scalability.But the advantage is that you need need to scan the whole database once in 5 seconds only, rathe!
r than 32ms

Aravind

 

  Sachidananda K <sachidananda_k@hotmail.com> wrote: Hello,

I have some questions related to the parameter 
minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval as described in section 7.3.15.6 of 
ISO 10589.

Does this parameter corresponds to the frequency at which Link State 
Database is scanned for transmitting the LSP? That is every 
minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration the Link state database 
MUST be scanned for searching the LSP to be sent.

Or it corresponds to the minimum time interval that needs to be allowed 
between consecutive packets (be it of any type) on a LAN interface? that is 
suppose on a particular interface (say A) if a LSP is sent, then for the 
next minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration no other packets of 
any type is to be sent on this interface.

Apart from this, if the point 1 is not true, then is there any parameter 
that dictates the frequency at which the link state database is to be 
scanned for searching the LSP to be sent?

Thanking in advance for all early responses that I receive.
Sachi

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---------------------------------
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<P>&nbsp;
<P>Hi Sachidananda,</P>
<P>It definitely<FONT size=2> </FONT>corresponds to the minimum time interval that needs to be allowed between consecutive LSPs on a LAN interface. But what other significance this 32 millisecond interval has got depends on which of of the following two views hold good. I am not sure about which one is correct and Iam also eager to know</P><B>
<P>Approach A</B></P>
<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; There are certain conditions that make an LSP qualified to be sent. This applies to individual LSPs on per circuit basis and is mainly related to the timing constraint minimumLSPTransmissionInterval. For a large database it is highly probable that at any given time there are LSPs in the database qualified to be send. In ideal case we would never want to hold back an LSP which is qualified to be sent any further. The speed with which we discover a ready LSP is limited by the speed with which we scan the database. Ideally we would like to continuously scan the database and discover ready LSPs as soon as possible. There is a constraint that limits the speed with which you can send the LSPs in the same LAN, even if you have found that it is ready to be transmitted. The minimumLSPbroadcast interval is the minimum interval that you should have between two LSPs sent on a particular LAN. This means that there is no use in findi!
ng out ready LSPs more frequent than this, since you cannot send it more frequently. So an efficient implementation should scan the LSDB once in 32 milliseconds, even if its highly demanding</P><B>
<P>Approach B</B></P>
<P>As said in section 7.3.15.5 of ISO 10589, If we consider an individual LSP it should be kept with in the router's memory without propagating for atleast minimumLSPTransmissionInterval and no more than twice this value (between 5and 10 seconds). This can be achieved if we scan the database once in each 5 seconds. For a point to point link transmit all the selected LSPs. But in case of broadcast network, take into consideration the 32 millisecond interval between LSP transmission. Even if the router finds out that there are a number of LSPs, keep them in queue and send them separated by 32 milliseconds. The main question here is whether the interpretation that a router can keep an individual LSP between 5 and 10 second is correct or not .If we take an average of 7.5 seconds, a topology change will take more than 75 seconds to travel 10 links. This also puts restriction on scalability.But the advantage is that you need need to scan the whole database once in 5 seconds only, ra!
ther than 32ms</P>
<P>Aravind</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<P>&nbsp; <B><I>Sachidananda K &lt;sachidananda_k@hotmail.com&gt;</I></B> wrote: 
<BLOCKQUOTE style="BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Hello,<BR><BR>I have some questions related to the parameter <BR>minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval as described in section 7.3.15.6 of <BR>ISO 10589.<BR><BR>Does this parameter corresponds to the frequency at which Link State <BR>Database is scanned for transmitting the LSP? That is every <BR>minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration the Link state database <BR>MUST be scanned for searching the LSP to be sent.<BR><BR>Or it corresponds to the minimum time interval that needs to be allowed <BR>between consecutive packets (be it of any type) on a LAN interface? that is <BR>suppose on a particular interface (say A) if a LSP is sent, then for the <BR>next minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration no other packets of <BR>any type is to be sent on this interface.<BR><BR>Apart from this, if the point 1 is not true, then is there any parameter <BR>that dictates the frequency at w!
hich the link state database is to be <BR>scanned for searching the LSP to be sent?<BR><BR>Thanking in advance for all early responses that I receive.<BR>Sachi<BR><BR>_________________________________________________________________<BR>Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp<BR><BR>_______________________________________________<BR>Isis-wg mailing list - Isis-wg@external.juniper.net<BR>http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg</BLOCKQUOTE><p><br><hr size=1><b>Do You Yahoo!?</b><br>
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Thu Aug 23 07:39:52 2001
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Date: Thu, 23 Aug 2001 14:38:25 +0300
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Manav,

check out this draft
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hermelin-ext-lsp-frags-02.txt

It attempts to solve the problem and remove the 256 limit.

--
Amir Hermelin                    <mailto:amir@cwnt.com>
Charlotte's Web Networks Inc.     <http://www.cwnt.com>


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Manav Bhatia [mailto:mnvbhatia@yahoo.com]
> Sent: Thursday, August 23, 2001 5:54 AM
> To: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
> Subject: [Isis-wg] More than 256 LSPs
> 
> 
> A single IS can at most issue 256 LSPs and it has to pack 
> everything it
> wants to advertise into this much. Are there any hacks 
> wherein i may be able
> to send more information than i what i am capable of using my 
> 256 LSPs. I
> believe one such mechanism is by faking a LAN .. but i am not 
> sure as to how
> it may work.
> Can anybody please explain ?
> 
> Thanks and Regards,
> Manav Bhatia
> 
> "C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big 
> book." -- K&R2
> 
> 
> 
> _________________________________________________________
> Do You Yahoo!?
> Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> 
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Date: Thu, 23 Aug 2001 12:16:45 -0700
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For London from my sketchy notes since I didn't get the notes that Alex
was taking yet

. Administrativa
    . isis-transient has been updated and called again, should go to
RFC now
    . isis-3way passed last call, will need addition of TLV codepoint
consideration for RFC
    . isis-snp-checksum same, TLV assignment conflict has been resolved
    . isis-ipv6 same
    . large ether frames in editing, under discussion

. Presentations
    . m-isis: Mike had some questions on flooding optimizations
mentioned, the discussion
        that came out of it basically lead to agreement that it's mostly
a dangerous idea not
        worth pursuiting and due to the lack of specifics in the draft
lacked in quality.
        IPv6 has been mentioned and authors answered that the problem is
being ignored at
        the moment due to the lack of requirements from the ISP side.

    . hermelin-ext-lsp-frags: Mike & Stefano thought that it would make
more sense
        to have a method to issue LSPs > 255 under different system
ID and tie those
        together using some proxy TLV with the original node, concern
with presented
        proposal was that without SPF changes it only presents a
restricted functionality
        (leaf-node).

        Motion to make it workgroup document. Agreement was that within
8 weeks
        Stefano & Mike submit an alternative draft and things will be
discussed further
        or merged or otherwise hermelin draft becomes a WG item.

    . ietf-isis-transient: Danny did not show up to present

    .  shand-isis-restart: After presentation a discussion started WHY
it should be done at
        all and enough reasons have been found to make it a wg item
(backups, software
        upgrades)

    . ietf-ospf-p2p: Dino brought up some simplifying ideas on the
ISIS side that have
        been considered but would make layer violations worse (taking
MAC directly from
        hellos). Request to make it working group document has been
delayed and should
        be posted by the authors to the mailing list for a wider
discussion.

    . auth-anti-replay: Request has been made to make it a workgroup
document. No
        comment from the room due to the early morning hour and jetlag
probably.
        Tony came up to the mike and brought up several reasons why it
does not make
        sense to accept the draft as it is. Either ISPs with burning
desire for that partial
        solutions should be vocal or we should spend serious time on a
clean security
        solution for ISIS that would encompass proper nonce negotiation
for replay
        protection, source authentication and other
best-known-practices. Up to Alex to see
        whether he wants to pursuit either path.

    . tlv-codepoints: All drafts taking new TLV values should please
refer to that draft


    -- tony


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Date: Thu, 23 Aug 2001 13:05:46 -0700

>>     . ietf-ospf-p2p: Dino brought up some simplifying ideas on the
>> ISIS side that have
>>         been considered but would make layer violations worse (taking
>> MAC directly from

    This layer violation is already in IS-IS when processing LAN IIH's.

Dino
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Date: Thu, 23 Aug 2001 13:52:46 -0700
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Dino Farinacci wrote:

> >>     . ietf-ospf-p2p: Dino brought up some simplifying ideas on the
> >> ISIS side that have
> >>         been considered but would make layer violations worse (taking
> >> MAC directly from
>
>     This layer violation is already in IS-IS when processing LAN IIH's.
>

layer violation meaning that ISIS would probably take to ARP tables to
teach them
the MAC address of the neighbor if such a scheme is employed (and proxy
ARP's not being
run) ... That is more than the usual MAC-on-hellos layer violation ;-)

    -- tony



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Date: 23 Aug 2001 21:14:13 +0000

Tony Przygienda <prz@redback.com> writes:

> For London from my sketchy notes since I didn't get the notes that Alex
> was taking yet



>  .  shand-isis-restart: After presentation a discussion started WHY
>  > it should be done at> all and enough reasons have been found to
>  make it a wg item  (backups, software upgrades)

I would strongly suggest checking the archives of the OSPF wg mailing
list (http://discuss.microsoft.com/archives/ospf.html) as there has
been significant discussion on a somewhat similar topic.


>     . auth-anti-replay: Request has been made to make it a workgroup
>     document. No comment from the room due to the early morning hour
>     and jetlag probably.  Tony came up to the mike and brought up
>     several reasons why it does not make sense to accept the draft
>     as it is. Either ISPs with burning desire for that partial
>     solutions should be vocal or we should spend serious time on a
>     clean security solution for ISIS that would encompass proper
>     nonce negotiation for replay protection, source authentication
>     and other best-known-practices. Up to Alex to see whether he
>     wants to pursuit either path.

In general, the entire aspect of control plane security in IP networks
has been of secondary importance (maybe because it is hard to get the
control plane working to our satisfaction. The codebase probably
comprises as good an attack on our infrastructure as anything the
black hats could come up with).  That being said, it is probably of
use to pursue _a_ solution, and a solution that gets us most of the
way there and is codeable and deployable is of more use than the all
singing, all dancing undeployable solution which introduces
significant amounts of codebase upheaval.

/vijay



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>> layer violation meaning that ISIS would probably take to ARP tables to
>> teach them
>> the MAC address of the neighbor if such a scheme is employed (and proxy
>> ARP's not being
>> run) ... That is more than the usual MAC-on-hellos layer violation ;-)

    IS-IS deals with layer-2 addresses. If the implementation chooses to add
    ARP entries, it is a local matter. Just like Russ said.

    A traditional "layer violation" means a layer-n protocol looks at a 
    layer-(n-1) protocol's header.

Dino
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Dino Farinacci wrote:

> >> layer violation meaning that ISIS would probably take to ARP tables to
> >> teach them
> >> the MAC address of the neighbor if such a scheme is employed (and proxy
> >> ARP's not being
> >> run) ... That is more than the usual MAC-on-hellos layer violation ;-)
>
>     IS-IS deals with layer-2 addresses. If the implementation chooses to add
>     ARP entries, it is a local matter. Just like Russ said.
>
>     A traditional "layer violation" means a layer-n protocol looks at a
>     layer-(n-1) protocol's header.

ok, let's call it 'protocol-crosstalk' ;-) then ...

    -- tony


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To: Vijay Gill <vgill@vijaygill.com>
From: RJ Atkinson <rja@inet.org>
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Meeting minutes ...
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Date: Thu, 23 Aug 2001 18:59:58 -0400

At 17:14 23/08/01, Vijay Gill wrote:
>>     . auth-anti-replay: Request has been made to make it a workgroup
>>     document. No comment from the room due to the early morning hour
>>     and jetlag probably.  Tony came up to the mike and brought up
>>     several reasons why it does not make sense to accept the draft
>>     as it is. Either ISPs with burning desire for that partial
>>     solutions should be vocal or we should spend serious time on a
>>     clean security solution for ISIS that would encompass proper
>>     nonce negotiation for replay protection, source authentication
>>     and other best-known-practices. Up to Alex to see whether he
>>     wants to pursuit either path.
>
>In general, the entire aspect of control plane security in IP networks
>has been of secondary importance (maybe because it is hard to get the
>control plane working to our satisfaction. The codebase probably
>comprises as good an attack on our infrastructure as anything the
>black hats could come up with).  That being said, it is probably of
>use to pursue _a_ solution, and a solution that gets us most of the
>way there and is codeable and deployable is of more use than the all
>singing, all dancing undeployable solution which introduces
>significant amounts of codebase upheaval.

Vijay,
        My apologies for my being dim-witted.  I'm having trouble 
interpreting your remarks above:  

        Are you saying you'd be happy with just documenting the 
already widely deployed (but not yet RFC) IS-IS HMAC-MD5 approach 
in the current tli draft as an RFC ?

XOR 
        Are you saying that you want to forget the installed base,
open the hood, tinker, and do something else ?

Thanks,

Ran
rja@inet.org

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Vijay Gill wrote:

> Tony Przygienda <prz@redback.com> writes:
>
> > For London from my sketchy notes since I didn't get the notes that Alex
> > was taking yet
>
> >  .  shand-isis-restart: After presentation a discussion started WHY
> >  > it should be done at> all and enough reasons have been found to
> >  make it a wg item  (backups, software upgrades)
>
> I would strongly suggest checking the archives of the OSPF wg mailing
> list (http://discuss.microsoft.com/archives/ospf.html) as there has
> been significant discussion on a somewhat similar topic.

aware of that, was not hurting repeating the arguments since some of the
crowd
does not overlap between ISIS and OSPF ;-)

> >     . auth-anti-replay: Request has been made to make it a workgroup
> >     document. No comment from the room due to the early morning hour
> >     and jetlag probably.  Tony came up to the mike and brought up
> >     several reasons why it does not make sense to accept the draft
> >     as it is. Either ISPs with burning desire for that partial
> >     solutions should be vocal or we should spend serious time on a
> >     clean security solution for ISIS that would encompass proper
> >     nonce negotiation for replay protection, source authentication
> >     and other best-known-practices. Up to Alex to see whether he
> >     wants to pursuit either path.
>
> In general, the entire aspect of control plane security in IP networks
> has been of secondary importance (maybe because it is hard to get the
> control plane working to our satisfaction. The codebase probably
> comprises as good an attack on our infrastructure as anything the
> black hats could come up with).  That being said, it is probably of
> use to pursue _a_ solution, and a solution that gets us most of the
> way there and is codeable and deployable is of more use than the all
> singing, all dancing undeployable solution which introduces
> significant amounts of codebase upheaval.

Vijay, nice tirade but pls read Alex's draft and tell me whehter you
desperately need his-flavor-of-partial-replay-protection today.
If you do, we make the draft working group item and we'll make sure that you
deployed it  after the
vendors rolled it. If you (as placeholder for any major ISP) don't need it
desperately today, it is not worth doing and we should
concentrate on a proper framework  (if we want to do it at all) that won't
be openly picked apart at the mike
by some security wizard 6 months from now. I saw couple of chairs standing
with their pants down in such a
situation and it is mucho embarassing. The only excuses are 'it was
desperately needed to be deployed
then so little hacky was fine' (case HMAC today) or 'we did thorough work
and took into account
all the then-known security paranoia'. Anything else does not stand the test
of time and based on
 that observations I was trying to steer the work ...

    -- tony


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Date: 24 Aug 2001 01:58:38 +0000

Tony Przygienda <prz@redback.com> writes:

> Vijay Gill wrote:



> aware of that, was not hurting repeating the arguments since some of
> the crowd does not overlap between ISIS and OSPF ;-)

Just thought I'd err on the side of caution. The OSPF discussions
were not pretty at all.


> > black hats could come up with).  That being said, it is probably of
> > use to pursue _a_ solution, and a solution that gets us most of the
> > way there and is codeable and deployable is of more use than the all
> > singing, all dancing undeployable solution which introduces
> > significant amounts of codebase upheaval.


> Vijay, nice tirade but pls read Alex's draft and tell me whehter you
> desperately need his-flavor-of-partial-replay-protection today.

Thanks to Ran (rja@inet.org) for clearing up some errors.  The HMAC
solution as proposed by tli appears to be sufficient for now. 

> vendors rolled it. If you (as placeholder for any major ISP) don't
> need it desperately today, it is not worth doing and we should
> concentrate on a proper framework (if we want to do it at all) that
> won't be openly picked apart at the mike by some security wizard 6
> months from now. I saw couple of chairs standing with their pants

A secure solution is needed, I am not sure if the costs of imposing
a very complete, unbreakable solution are worth the return given
_current_ and past performance [ insert past performance
is not a guarantee of future result boilerplate here ]

> excuses are 'it was desperately needed to be deployed then so little
> hacky was fine' (case HMAC today) or 'we did thorough work and took
> into account all the then-known security paranoia'. Anything else
> does not stand the test of time and based on that observations I was
> trying to steer the work ...

I'm basing this on a mandate after an incident some time ago.  Senior
mangement said 'you will run authentication on all routing protocols
or you will find another job'

Others mileage may and probably should, vary.

/vijay

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Vijay Gill wrote:

> Tony Przygienda <prz@redback.com> writes:
>
> > Vijay Gill wrote:
>
> > aware of that, was not hurting repeating the arguments since some of
> > the crowd does not overlap between ISIS and OSPF ;-)
>
> Just thought I'd err on the side of caution. The OSPF discussions
> were not pretty at all.

ok ...

> > > black hats could come up with).  That being said, it is probably of
> > > use to pursue _a_ solution, and a solution that gets us most of the
> > > way there and is codeable and deployable is of more use than the all
> > > singing, all dancing undeployable solution which introduces
> > > significant amounts of codebase upheaval.
>
> > Vijay, nice tirade but pls read Alex's draft and tell me whehter you
> > desperately need his-flavor-of-partial-replay-protection today.
>
> Thanks to Ran (rja@inet.org) for clearing up some errors.  The HMAC
> solution as proposed by tli appears to be sufficient for now.

we're in sync then ...

> > vendors rolled it. If you (as placeholder for any major ISP) don't
> > need it desperately today, it is not worth doing and we should
> > concentrate on a proper framework (if we want to do it at all) that
> > won't be openly picked apart at the mike by some security wizard 6
> > months from now. I saw couple of chairs standing with their pants
>
> A secure solution is needed, I am not sure if the costs of imposing
> a very complete, unbreakable solution are worth the return given
> _current_ and past performance [ insert past performance
> is not a guarantee of future result boilerplate here ]

neither am I, I was only saying if somebody has cycles to put into that,
he rather do a good job rather than come up with a hacky solution for
a problem that the ISPs don't have and not solving a problem they may
or will have properly either ...

> > excuses are 'it was desperately needed to be deployed then so little
> > hacky was fine' (case HMAC today) or 'we did thorough work and took
> > into account all the then-known security paranoia'. Anything else
> > does not stand the test of time and based on that observations I was
> > trying to steer the work ...
>
> I'm basing this on a mandate after an incident some time ago.  Senior
> mangement said 'you will run authentication on all routing protocols
> or you will find another job'

<irony>
of course we know that most of senior managers that cluefull and determined

tend to find or being found new jobs way before us techies do ;-)
</irony>

    Points taken

    -- tony


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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 24 05:31:49 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] More than 256 LSPs
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Hi Amir,
I went through this draft and is quite interesting but there is another
approach which you can take to increase the number of LSPs beyond 256. I
dont remember the details but it goes something like this .. We act as two
routers that are adjacent to one another and as long as we act like what we
are advertising then no one can tell. This way we can thus issue 512 LSPs .
Has anybody ever heard of such a concept ??

Thanks and Regards,
Manav Bhatia

----- Original Message -----
From: "Amir Hermelin" <amir@cwnt.com>
To: "Manav Bhatia" <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>; <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Sent: Thursday, August 23, 2001 5:08 PM
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] More than 256 LSPs


Manav,

check out this draft
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hermelin-ext-lsp-frags-02.txt

It attempts to solve the problem and remove the 256 limit.

--
Amir Hermelin                    <mailto:amir@cwnt.com>
Charlotte's Web Networks Inc.     <http://www.cwnt.com>


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Manav Bhatia [mailto:mnvbhatia@yahoo.com]
> Sent: Thursday, August 23, 2001 5:54 AM
> To: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
> Subject: [Isis-wg] More than 256 LSPs
>
>
> A single IS can at most issue 256 LSPs and it has to pack
> everything it
> wants to advertise into this much. Are there any hacks
> wherein i may be able
> to send more information than i what i am capable of using my
> 256 LSPs. I
> believe one such mechanism is by faking a LAN .. but i am not
> sure as to how
> it may work.
> Can anybody please explain ?
>
> Thanks and Regards,
> Manav Bhatia
>
> "C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big
> book." -- K&R2
>
>
>
> _________________________________________________________
> Do You Yahoo!?
> Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
>
> _______________________________________________
> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
>


_________________________________________________________
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Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 24 09:43:27 2001
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Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2001 09:41:49 -0400

> there is another approach which you can take ...
> We act as two routers that are adjacent 
>
> Manav Bhatia

Manav -
	This was discussed at the last meeting, as
captured in TonyP's meeting notes.  
I can send you a copy of the notes off-line if 
you missed them.

- jeff parker
- axiowave networks
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Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2001 09:36:14 -0400

At 02:35 24/08/01, Tony Przygienda wrote:
>neither am I, I was only saying if somebody has cycles to put into that,
>he rather do a good job rather than come up with a hacky solution for
>a problem that the ISPs don't have and not solving a problem they may
>or will have properly either ...

Tony,

        My own sense is that the next useful increase in attacker work 
function (beyond the tli HMAC draft) is probably to go to full Digital 
Signatures (along the lines of RFC-2154).  

        I am only aware of one implementation of RFC-2154 (done by 
its authors) and zero deployments of RFC-2154.  I interpret that 
state of implementation and deployment as indicating that:

        "most of the community doesn't think the current threats 
        justify that level of security complexity and adverse 
        performance impact today"

Regards,

Ran
rja@inet.org

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 24 15:09:30 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] More than 256 LSPs 
In-reply-to: Mail from "Manav Bhatia" <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com> 
 dated Fri, 24 Aug 2001 15:03:32 +0530
 <00e601c12c7f$d93432b0$b4036c6b@Manav> 
From: Naiming Shen <naiming@redback.com>
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Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2001 12:08:26 -0700

 ]Hi Amir,
 ]I went through this draft and is quite interesting but there is another
 ]approach which you can take to increase the number of LSPs beyond 256. I
 ]dont remember the details but it goes something like this .. We act as two
 ]routers that are adjacent to one another and as long as we act like what we
 ]are advertising then no one can tell. This way we can thus issue 512 LSPs .
 ]Has anybody ever heard of such a concept ??

how is such a concept different from the draft you just went through?

 ]
 ]Thanks and Regards,
 ]Manav Bhatia
 ]
 ]----- Original Message -----
 ]From: "Amir Hermelin" <amir@cwnt.com>
 ]To: "Manav Bhatia" <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>; <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
 ]Sent: Thursday, August 23, 2001 5:08 PM
 ]Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] More than 256 LSPs
 ]
 ]
 ]Manav,
 ]
 ]check out this draft
 ]http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hermelin-ext-lsp-frags-02.txt
 ]
 ]It attempts to solve the problem and remove the 256 limit.
 ]
 ]--
 ]Amir Hermelin                    <mailto:amir@cwnt.com>
 ]Charlotte's Web Networks Inc.     <http://www.cwnt.com>
 ]
 ]
 ]> -----Original Message-----
 ]> From: Manav Bhatia [mailto:mnvbhatia@yahoo.com]
 ]> Sent: Thursday, August 23, 2001 5:54 AM
 ]> To: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
 ]> Subject: [Isis-wg] More than 256 LSPs
 ]>
 ]>
 ]> A single IS can at most issue 256 LSPs and it has to pack
 ]> everything it
 ]> wants to advertise into this much. Are there any hacks
 ]> wherein i may be able
 ]> to send more information than i what i am capable of using my
 ]> 256 LSPs. I
 ]> believe one such mechanism is by faking a LAN .. but i am not
 ]> sure as to how
 ]> it may work.
 ]> Can anybody please explain ?
 ]>
 ]> Thanks and Regards,
 ]> Manav Bhatia
 ]>
 ]> "C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big
 ]> book." -- K&R2
 ]>
 ]>
 ]>
 ]> _________________________________________________________
 ]> Do You Yahoo!?
 ]> Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
 ]>
 ]> _______________________________________________
 ]> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
 ]> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
 ]>
 ]
 ]
 ]_________________________________________________________
 ]Do You Yahoo!?
 ]Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
 ]
 ]_______________________________________________
 ]Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
 ]http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg

- Naiming
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 24 15:26:00 2001
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Subject: [Isis-wg] unauthenticated LSP purges
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Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2001 15:12:15 -0400

I have searched the archive and found nothing that relates to
this, in any case, sorry if this is an old topic.

It seems that ISO 10589 contradicts itself in the area of LSP
purges.  7.3.16.4 indicates that when the Remaining Lifetime of
an LSP in memory becomes zero:

	a) set all SRMflags for that LSP, and

	b) retain only the LSP header

Yet in 7.3.15.1, 'Action on receipt of an LSP', the authentication
checks in (5) and (6) are performed _before_ the zero lifetime check
in (b).

A popular vendor seems to check and originate simple authentication
on zero lifetime LSPs.  draft-ietf-isis-hmac-03.txt indicates that
an IS implementing MD5 should never accept unauthenticated purges.
This seems like the correct thing to do if either simple or MD5 is
in use.

Nick Amato
naamato@nexthop.com
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From: Tony Przygienda <prz@redback.com>
To: RJ Atkinson <rja@inet.org>
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Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2001 13:01:02 -0700
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RJ Atkinson wrote:

> At 02:35 24/08/01, Tony Przygienda wrote:
> >neither am I, I was only saying if somebody has cycles to put into that,
> >he rather do a good job rather than come up with a hacky solution for
> >a problem that the ISPs don't have and not solving a problem they may
> >or will have properly either ...
>
> Tony,
>
>         My own sense is that the next useful increase in attacker work
> function (beyond the tli HMAC draft) is probably to go to full Digital
> Signatures (along the lines of RFC-2154).
>
>         I am only aware of one implementation of RFC-2154 (done by
> its authors) and zero deployments of RFC-2154.  I interpret that
> state of implementation and deployment as indicating that:
>
>         "most of the community doesn't think the current threats
>         justify that level of security complexity and adverse
>         performance impact today"

agreed, once at it and since as you say things would not be pressing
timewise,
time could be spend on nonce-negotiation on hellos and possibly
key, encryption negotiation so all exchanges between 2 peers could not
only be secure but also private. Combined with a method to propagate
with an LSP the information whether it was only flooded across
encrypted and negotiated links, we could claim all best practical
security known to at least me incl. privacy. I have nothing against such far
forward-looking
work, especially if each of those pieces is standardized as optional. Time
may
come when we need it.

Again, I completely agree that practical deployment of security has far
lagged the lip-service being paid to it and therefore the work only makes
sense if someone really wants to spend cycles to do it right and is willing
to wait
long-time for deployment. That is to be attributed probably
to the cynical truth that security  is not an inherent need mostly, it's
rather an acquired taste like horror movies ;-)

    thanks

    -- tony



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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Fri Aug 24 17:07:45 2001
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Date: Fri, 24 Aug 2001 16:56:53 -0400

At 16:01 24/08/01, Tony Przygienda wrote:
>...since as you say things would not be pressing timewise,
>time could be spend on nonce-negotiation on hellos and possibly
>key, encryption negotiation so all exchanges between 2 peers could not
>only be secure but also private. Combined with a method to propagate
>with an LSP the information whether it was only flooded across
>encrypted and negotiated links, we could claim all best practical
>security known to at least me incl. privacy. I have nothing against 
>such far forward-looking work, especially if each of those pieces 
>is standardized as optional. Time may come when we need it.

        One approach worth examining if confidentiality were an 
objective would be implementation/deployment of the IEEE 802.10 
security specification.  It has not been widely implemented or 
deployed, as far as I know, but some good folks did work on that 
spec.  I do not have a copy, so don't know precisely what is 
in the 802.10 specification.

Ran

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug 27 01:09:37 2001
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To: Les  Ginsberg <ginsberg@pluris.com>
From: Jeff Learman <jlearman@cisco.com>
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] New 10589 spec, PtoP and ISHs
Cc: "'Neal Castagnoli'" <cast@allegronetworks.com>, isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
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Date: Mon, 27 Aug 2001 00:41:14 -0400


If my memory serves me, on a PTP circuit, an implementation is required
to handle receipt of an IIH without having received an ISH, so Les's
wise general rule doesn't need to be invoked.

At 04:39 PM 8/21/2001, Les  Ginsberg wrote:
>This issue is a confusing one, some of which is due to the fact that the
>original wording in ISO 10589:1992 was revised by Technical Corrigendum I
>(published in 1993), but because many people do not have ready access to the
>TCs, they rely on the uncorrected original text. In fact, the original
>intent was made clear in TC1 by adding:
>
>"An IS shall cause ISO 9542 to send an ISH PDU whenever a point-to-point
>circuit is first enabled."
>
>and then changing the original text in 8.2.3a (which Neal refers to in
>stating that an IIH was supposed to be sent when the circuit was first
>enabled) to read:
>
>"a)the IS receives an ISH PDU"
>
>So the original intent was to wait for receipt of an ISH before beginning to
>send IIHs. The latest ISO 10589 draft further clarifies this by specifying
>that ISH's should continue to be sent periodically until the adjacency
>reaches the UP state. This is a logical requirement discovered when
>implementing that was not clearly stated even in the TC1 changes.
>
>In an IP only IS-IS implementation, the use of ISH's is an anachronism. Many
>implementations relax the requirements, at least on reception, so that
>receiving an ISH is not required. In following the old axiom of being
>"strict in what you send and generous in what you receive", a robust
>implementation should send ISHs until the adjacency is up, but allow (at
>least for IP operation) the adjacency to come up without ever seeing an ISH.
>This is easily achieved by starting to send IIHs when you first receive an
>IIH.
>
>I can tell you from first hand experience that there are indeed
>implementations out there which do not send ISHs.
>
>   Les
>
>
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Neal Castagnoli [mailto:cast@allegronetworks.com]
>> Sent: Tuesday, August 21, 2001 1:14 PM
>> To: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
>> Subject: [Isis-wg] New 10589 spec, PtoP and ISHs
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> From the original 10589, routers might be able to get around 
>> sending ISHs on
>> ptop circuits.  The original states routers should transmit an IIH
>> immediately upon circuit startup, and so an implementation 
>> need not send an
>> ISH to get the peer IS to start IIH transmission.  New 10589, however,
>> removes this wording, and now it appears routers require 
>> receipt of an ISH
>> prior to sending the first IIH.
>> 
>> Yet if there are old implementations that don't send ISHs, 
>> ptop adjacencies
>> won't come up with strict new implementations.  Does anyone 
>> know whether
>> there are deployed ISIS implementations that don't send ISHs on ptop
>> circuits?
>> 
>> Thanks,
>>       
>>   --Neal
>> _______________________________________________
>> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
>> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
>> 
>_______________________________________________
>Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
>http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg

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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug 27 03:10:02 2001
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Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] More than 256 LSPs
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From: "Amir Hermelin" <amir@cwnt.com>
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Date: Mon, 27 Aug 2001 10:07:07 +0300
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Manav,

as Naiming expressed, that is the exact concept discussed in the draft.
As was detailed in an earlier version of the draft, this does have its
limitations (this was discussed at the wg meeting - see notes). In the
current (02) version of the draft, these limitations are removed by a
new "operational mode" (the term used in the draft): telling other
routers that the two (in your example) are really one. The older mode,
where we "fool" older implementations into processing the LSPs
correctly, still exists.

--
Amir Hermelin                  <mailto:amir@cwnt.com>
Charlotte's Web Networks Inc.   <http://www.cwnt.com>


-----Original Message-----
From: Manav Bhatia [mailto:mnvbhatia@yahoo.com]
Sent: Friday, August 24, 2001 12:34 PM
To: Amir Hermelin; isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] More than 256 LSPs


Hi Amir,
I went through this draft and is quite interesting but there is another
approach which you can take to increase the number of LSPs beyond 256. I
dont remember the details but it goes something like this .. We act as
two
routers that are adjacent to one another and as long as we act like what
we
are advertising then no one can tell. This way we can thus issue 512
LSPs .
Has anybody ever heard of such a concept ??

Thanks and Regards,
Manav Bhatia

----- Original Message -----
From: "Amir Hermelin" <amir@cwnt.com>
To: "Manav Bhatia" <mnvbhatia@yahoo.com>; <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
Sent: Thursday, August 23, 2001 5:08 PM
Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] More than 256 LSPs


Manav,

check out this draft
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hermelin-ext-lsp-frags-02.txt

It attempts to solve the problem and remove the 256 limit.

--
Amir Hermelin                    <mailto:amir@cwnt.com>
Charlotte's Web Networks Inc.     <http://www.cwnt.com>


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Manav Bhatia [mailto:mnvbhatia@yahoo.com]
> Sent: Thursday, August 23, 2001 5:54 AM
> To: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
> Subject: [Isis-wg] More than 256 LSPs
>
>
> A single IS can at most issue 256 LSPs and it has to pack
> everything it
> wants to advertise into this much. Are there any hacks
> wherein i may be able
> to send more information than i what i am capable of using my
> 256 LSPs. I
> believe one such mechanism is by faking a LAN .. but i am not
> sure as to how
> it may work.
> Can anybody please explain ?
>
> Thanks and Regards,
> Manav Bhatia
>
> "C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big
> book." -- K&R2
>
>
>
> _________________________________________________________
> Do You Yahoo!?
> Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
>
> _______________________________________________
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Mon Aug 27 13:51:03 2001
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From: Neal Castagnoli <cast@allegronetworks.com>
To: "'Jeff Learman'" <jlearman@cisco.com>,
        Les  Ginsberg
	 <ginsberg@pluris.com>
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Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] New 10589 spec, PtoP and ISHs
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Date: Mon, 27 Aug 2001 10:48:53 -0700


I think Les has it right.

New strict implementations shouldn't begin sending IIHs until they receive
an ISH.  Perhaps they will accept the IIH, but they won't begin sending the
IIH.

  --Neal

> 
> 
> If my memory serves me, on a PTP circuit, an implementation 
> is required
> to handle receipt of an IIH without having received an ISH, so Les's
> wise general rule doesn't need to be invoked.
> 
> At 04:39 PM 8/21/2001, Les  Ginsberg wrote:
> >This issue is a confusing one, some of which is due to the 
> fact that the
> >original wording in ISO 10589:1992 was revised by Technical 
> Corrigendum I
> >(published in 1993), but because many people do not have 
> ready access to the
> >TCs, they rely on the uncorrected original text. In fact, 
> the original
> >intent was made clear in TC1 by adding:
> >
> >"An IS shall cause ISO 9542 to send an ISH PDU whenever a 
> point-to-point
> >circuit is first enabled."
> >
> >and then changing the original text in 8.2.3a (which Neal 
> refers to in
> >stating that an IIH was supposed to be sent when the circuit 
> was first
> >enabled) to read:
> >
> >"a)the IS receives an ISH PDU"
> >
> >So the original intent was to wait for receipt of an ISH 
> before beginning to
> >send IIHs. The latest ISO 10589 draft further clarifies this 
> by specifying
> >that ISH's should continue to be sent periodically until the 
> adjacency
> >reaches the UP state. This is a logical requirement discovered when
> >implementing that was not clearly stated even in the TC1 changes.
> >
> >In an IP only IS-IS implementation, the use of ISH's is an 
> anachronism. Many
> >implementations relax the requirements, at least on 
> reception, so that
> >receiving an ISH is not required. In following the old axiom of being
> >"strict in what you send and generous in what you receive", a robust
> >implementation should send ISHs until the adjacency is up, 
> but allow (at
> >least for IP operation) the adjacency to come up without 
> ever seeing an ISH.
> >This is easily achieved by starting to send IIHs when you 
> first receive an
> >IIH.
> >
> >I can tell you from first hand experience that there are indeed
> >implementations out there which do not send ISHs.
> >
> >   Les
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: Neal Castagnoli [mailto:cast@allegronetworks.com]
> >> Sent: Tuesday, August 21, 2001 1:14 PM
> >> To: isis-wg@spider.juniper.net
> >> Subject: [Isis-wg] New 10589 spec, PtoP and ISHs
> >> 
> >> 
> >> 
> >> From the original 10589, routers might be able to get around 
> >> sending ISHs on
> >> ptop circuits.  The original states routers should transmit an IIH
> >> immediately upon circuit startup, and so an implementation 
> >> need not send an
> >> ISH to get the peer IS to start IIH transmission.  New 
> 10589, however,
> >> removes this wording, and now it appears routers require 
> >> receipt of an ISH
> >> prior to sending the first IIH.
> >> 
> >> Yet if there are old implementations that don't send ISHs, 
> >> ptop adjacencies
> >> won't come up with strict new implementations.  Does anyone 
> >> know whether
> >> there are deployed ISIS implementations that don't send 
> ISHs on ptop
> >> circuits?
> >> 
> >> Thanks,
> >>       
> >>   --Neal
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> >> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> >> 
> >_______________________________________________
> >Isis-wg mailing list  -  Isis-wg@external.juniper.net
> >http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
> 
_______________________________________________
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From: Amir Birjandi <abirjand@uu.net>
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Subject: [Isis-wg] Setting the over load bit in an MPLS network
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Date: Mon, 27 Aug 2001 17:12:48 -0400

Hi,

After reading  IS-IS Transient Black hole Avoidance
<draft-ietf-isis-transient-01.txt> draft i have this basic question.

Imagine,

we have a multihop Label switch path, which is carrying the traffic. 

routerA---routerB----routerC----routerD

the label switch path---> from A to D.

IGP== ISIS

there are also a number of disjoint paths between A and D.

If we set the overload bit on C or B,  how would router A know it should
stop sending traffic over that Label switch path.

Any comments is highly appreciated

Amir 
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 28 00:24:27 2001
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Subject: [Isis-wg] Default Routes in ISIS
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Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2001 09:56:26 +0530
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Hi,
Section 1.3 "Overview of the Integrated IS-IS" in RFC 1195 states that
"Default routes are permitted only at level 2 as external routes. Default
routes are not permitted at level 1"
This would imply that all the L1 routers must be connected to either a L2
only or L1/L2 router. Is it so ?? I thought that a L1 router can be so set
up which is only connected to another L1 router which will act as a gateway
to the last resort. The other L1 router may in turn be connected to another
L1/L2 router to ship packets outside the area.

Can anybody please explain.

Regards,
Swati


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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 28 00:43:28 2001
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Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2001 10:14:39 +0530
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Hi,
The way as i understood IS-IS routing goes something like this .. i am a L1
router and i recieve a packet destined to some other area so i forward that
packet to my nearest L2 router. How i know that this packet does not belong
to my area is by looking at its address. Then once it reaches the L2 router
since it is aware of all the areas which it can reach it will forward the
packet in question to the appropriate router. It will extract the area
address also once again from the destination address in the packet.
I hope i am okay till now ..
Since everything is mentioned in the address itself and we can do all our
routing just by looking at the address then we is it said that "L2 routers
should include in their L2 LSPs a complete list of [IP address, subnet mask,
metric] specifying all IP addresses reachable in their area" [RFC 1195..
Section 1.3]. Even in dual IS-IS we specify the area so why isn't the entire
routing done just by looking at area prefixes.

Please comment.

Regards,
Swati


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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 28 03:43:36 2001
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Setting the over load bit in an MPLS network
Cc: "isis-wg" <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>, danny@ambernetworks.com
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Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2001 09:39:32 +0200

At 23:12 27/08/2001, Amir Birjandi wrote:
>Hi,
>
>After reading  IS-IS Transient Black hole Avoidance
><draft-ietf-isis-transient-01.txt> draft i have this basic question.
>
>Imagine,
>
>we have a multihop Label switch path, which is carrying the traffic.
>
>routerA---routerB----routerC----routerD
>
>the label switch path---> from A to D.
>
>IGP== ISIS
>
>there are also a number of disjoint paths between A and D.
>
>If we set the overload bit on C or B,  how would router A know it should
>stop sending traffic over that Label switch path.

it will know it through spf.

labels are bound to routes. When your neighbors advertise you label
bindings, you select the label for a given route if such label has
been bound by the neighbor who is also your next-hop for that given
route.

Setting the ovl bit will change the topology, therefore the routing
table, and therefore your next-hops. So, you will use other labels
from other neighbors (the new next-hops).

s.


>Any comments is highly appreciated
>
>Amir
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 28 03:57:06 2001
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To: "Swati Rastogi" <swatirstogi@yahoo.com>
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Default Routes in ISIS
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Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2001 09:52:22 +0200

At 06:26 28/08/2001, Swati Rastogi wrote:
>Hi,
>Section 1.3 "Overview of the Integrated IS-IS" in RFC 1195 states that
>"Default routes are permitted only at level 2 as external routes. Default
>routes are not permitted at level 1"
>This would imply that all the L1 routers must be connected to either a L2
>only or L1/L2 router. Is it so ?? I thought that a L1 router can be so set
>up which is only connected to another L1 router which will act as a gateway
>to the last resort. The other L1 router may in turn be connected to another
>L1/L2 router to ship packets outside the area.

this is not exactly what happens in most implementations. Default
route can be orignated in level-1 areas or can be leaked (using
rfc2966) into a level-1 area.

s.


>Can anybody please explain.
>
>Regards,
>Swati
>
>
>_________________________________________________________
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 28 04:30:38 2001
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Subject: RE: [Isis-wg] Default Routes in ISIS
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Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2001 10:29:13 +0200

L1 routers can use the "attached bit" set by the L1/L2 routers to determine
the nearest exit out of the L1 area. This does not require all L1 routers to
be connected to an L2 or L1/L2 router, all routers do need to interpret the
attached bit (and the L1/L2 need to set it). Most current implementation
can/do this ...

cheers,
	Eduard

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Swati Rastogi [mailto:swatirstogi@yahoo.com]
> Sent: 28 August 2001 06:26
> To: isis-wg
> Subject: [Isis-wg] Default Routes in ISIS
> 
> 
> Hi,
> Section 1.3 "Overview of the Integrated IS-IS" in RFC 1195 states that
> "Default routes are permitted only at level 2 as external 
> routes. Default
> routes are not permitted at level 1"
> This would imply that all the L1 routers must be connected to 
> either a L2
> only or L1/L2 router. Is it so ?? I thought that a L1 router 
> can be so set
> up which is only connected to another L1 router which will 
> act as a gateway
> to the last resort. The other L1 router may in turn be 
> connected to another
> L1/L2 router to ship packets outside the area.
> 
> Can anybody please explain.
> 
> Regards,
> Swati
> 
> 
> _________________________________________________________
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 28 05:41:41 2001
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Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2001 10:34:10 +0100

At 10:05 09/08/2001 +0530, Manav Bhatia wrote:
>I have a small doubt . .
>
>(i) NSAP is an OSI equivalent of an IP address in a TCP/IP network.

Almost. An NSAP is a Network Service Access Point, which has an address, 
the NSAP address, which is broadly equivalent to an IP address. But note 
that an NSAP address is NOT tied to an interface in the same way that an IP 
address is.

>Is SNAP address equivalent of the ethernet address in the data link layer if
>its a 802.2 ntwrk ?

No. SNAP, stands for Sub-network Access Protocol. 8802-2 (LLC) defines 
various LLC classes. Class 1, which provides a datagram service, has one 
byte DSAP and SSAP fields, which identify the higher layer (3) protocol. 
For example FE identifies ISO connectionless network layer protocols.

But SAP addresses are only assigned to standardized protocols, so there is 
another frame format which is used for non-standardized protocols. This is 
SNAP. It is assigned its own SAP of AA, but then the frame format diverges 
from LLC1, since it has a 5 byte Protocol ID field, which is used to 
identifier the higher layer protocol. The first 3 bytes are taken from a 24 
bit IEEE block identifier, and the remaining 2 bytes are assigned by the 
owner of that block. This allows proprietary protocols to be distinguished 
by a vendor.

So although the prot ID field of SNAP LOOKS a bit like an ethernet address, 
it is in fact a protocol identifier (in the same sense that the SAP 
addresses are).

But aren't we getting somewhat off topic with this spate of OSI tutorials?

         Mike



>Rgds,
>Manav
>
>"C is not a big language, and is not well served by a big book." -- K&R2
>
>
>
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Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2001 10:54:19 +0100

At 12:12 10/08/2001 +0530, Mareline Sheldon wrote:
>The RFC 1142 (7.3.3.1) says "NOTE - Manual End system Adjacencies shall not
>be included in a level 1 LSPs issued on behalf of a pseudonode, since that
>would presuppose that all Intermediate systems on a broadcast subnetwork had
>the same set of manual adjacencies as defined in the ciruit"
>
>This is not very clear .. if it is not done so then how do manual
>adjacencies get advertised on a psedonode ?

They don't! They only get advertised in the LSPs of the system with the 
manual adjacency.

         Mike



>Please help!
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Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2001 11:19:42 +0100

At 11:46 14/08/2001 -0400, Jeff Parker wrote:
> > "LAN IIH PDUs shall be padded...
> >
> > Consider the following scenario: The network is in a
> > congested state and we are bringing up [all] the IS-IS
> > system[s].
> >
> > Manav Bhatia
>
>Manav -
>         There are periodic dicussions on the list about
>the utility of the padding, and I won't rehash those
>here.

Yes, the original idea was to also detect cases where both ends of the 
communication thought it was a large MTU, but in fact only small packets 
could be sent. There are various failure/misconfiguration condidtions which 
can lead to this, the classic one we had in mind being FDDI's connected 
through a (non-fragmenting) ethernet bridge, but can also postulate pt-pt 
links which are data length sensitive.

In practice, most implementation permit the padding to be switched off.



>         If you have so many IS-IS routers that periodic
>hello packets are a big problem, then I suspect the
>LSP exchange that will start once the adjacencies come
>up will have a greater effect.
>
>- jeff parker
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Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2001 11:27:29 +0100

At 14:33 14/08/2001 -0700, Tony Przygienda wrote:
>      DECnet Phase IV          42  ?     ?    ?     DEC (ancient)

Tony,
         It should only appear in the IIHs, so....

DECnet PhaseIV  42 y  n  n


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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Protocol parameter.
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Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2001 03:41:52 -0700 (PDT)

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Hi Sachidananda, 
         I feel that I was wrong when I said that individual LSPs will remain in the memory for atleast minimumLSP TransmissionInterval and no more than twice that interval
LSP from a particular source shouldn't be transmitted within minimumLSP transmission interval.This means that if we take an individual LSP it will remain in memory before transmission for 0 to 5 seconds according to when the last LSP from same source was transmitted
We can achive this requirement precisely by keeping timers for individual LSPs.So as soon as  this timer expires we could transmit the LSP on the appropriate circuits.For all point to point circuit with SRM flags set it can be send imediately.For broadcast network ensure an interval of 32 milliseconds between successive transmissions on the same LAN.

Since it will be difficult to implement per LSP timer, ISO 10589(7.3.15.5) gives a relaxation to this requirement in section and says that any implementation that ensures an interval between minimumLSP TransmissionInterval and  twice that interval is OK .

We can avoid the need for individual timers and even then meet the requirement fo broadcast circuit precisely and for point to point circuit almost precisely(maximum delay of 32 millisecondsafter the LSP gets ready),if we scan the database each 32 milliseconds along with last sent timestamp.But as 10589 itself says it will be very inefficient to scan at the whole database at this rate.We are free to use any techinique which is reasonably precise and utilizes the relaxation to the exact timer requirement mentioned above

 

Aravind 

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<P>Hi&nbsp;Sachidananda,&nbsp;
<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I feel that I was wrong when I said that individual LSPs will remain in the memory for atleast minimumLSP TransmissionInterval and no more than twice that interval
<P>LSP from a particular source shouldn't be transmitted within minimumLSP transmission&nbsp;interval.This means that if we take an individual LSP it will remain in memory before transmission for 0 to 5 seconds according to when the last LSP from same source was transmitted
<P>We can achive this requirement precisely by keeping timers for individual LSPs.So as soon as&nbsp; this timer expires we could transmit the LSP on the appropriate circuits.For all point to point circuit with SRM flags set it can be send imediately.For broadcast network ensure an interval of 32 milliseconds between successive transmissions on the same LAN.
<P><BR>Since it will be difficult to implement per LSP timer, ISO 10589(7.3.15.5) gives a relaxation to this requirement in section and says that any implementation that ensures an interval between minimumLSP TransmissionInterval and&nbsp; twice that interval is OK .</P>
<P>We can avoid the need for individual timers and even then meet the requirement fo broadcast circuit precisely and for point to point circuit almost precisely(maximum delay of 32 millisecondsafter the LSP gets ready),if we scan the database each 32 milliseconds along with last sent timestamp.But as 10589 itself says it will be very inefficient to scan at the whole database at this rate.We are free to use any techinique which is reasonably&nbsp;precise and utilizes the relaxation to the exact timer requirement mentioned above</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<P>Aravind&nbsp;</P>
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Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2001 11:41:41 +0100

At 08:04 21/08/2001 -0700, Dave Katz wrote:
>Of course, any implementation that actually scans the database looking
>for things to send will probably have other intractable scaling problems
>as well.
>
>Unlike the OSPF spec, the ISIS spec provides very little implementation
>guidance (a feature, I believe, as it promotes actual thinking.)
>
>All that minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval does is ensure that
>the transmission rate is controlled so you don't swamp your receivers
>(as there is no flow control in the protocol.)

and randomizes the transmission order so that multiple routers on the LAN 
don't all try to send the same LSP at the same time. Note that seeing 
someone else transmit an LSP clears your SRMflag for it, so you don't need 
to bother transmitting it. This probably doesn't matter in the normal case 
of only a few routers on the LAN, but we were trying to make it scale to > 
32 routers (I can't remember why :-)

         Mike



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>    Please find my comments inline ..
>
>    > Does this parameter corresponds to the frequency at which Link State
>    > Database is scanned for transmitting the LSP? That is every
>    > minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration the Link state database
>    > MUST be scanned for searching the LSP to be sent.
>
>    Yes. Setting the SRMflag does not cause the LSP to be transmitted
>    immediately. Instead the IS scans the database after every
>    minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval and choses the LSP to be 
> multicasted
>    randomly. Once this is done the SRMflag for the corresponding LSP is
>    cleared.
>
>    Hope this helps,
>    Manav Bhatia
>
>    >
>    > Or it corresponds to the minimum time interval that needs to be allowed
>    > between consecutive packets (be it of any type) on a LAN interface? that
>    is
>    > suppose on a particular interface (say A) if a LSP is sent, then for the
>    > next minimumBroadcastLSPTransmissionInterval duration no other 
> packets of
>    > any type is to be sent on this interface.
>    >
>    > Apart from this, if the point 1 is not true, then is there any parameter
>    > that dictates the frequency at which the link state database is to be
>    > scanned for searching the LSP to be sent?
>    >
>    > Thanking in advance for all early responses that I receive.
>    > Sachi
>    >
>    > _________________________________________________________________
>    > Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at 
> http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp
>    >
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>
>
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 28 11:06:52 2001
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Swati Rastogi wrote:

> Hi,
> The way as i understood IS-IS routing goes something like this .. i am a L1
> router and i recieve a packet destined to some other area so i forward that
> packet to my nearest L2 router. How i know that this packet does not belong
> to my area is by looking at its address. Then once it reaches the L2 router
> since it is aware of all the areas which it can reach it will forward the
> packet in question to the appropriate router. It will extract the area
> address also once again from the destination address in the packet.
> I hope i am okay till now ..

As far as OSI forwarding goes, you are.

>
> Since everything is mentioned in the address itself and we can do all our
> routing just by looking at the address then we is it said that "L2 routers

This again is valid for OSI forwarding only, you can not associate an
IP destination address to an area address prefix ( which is derived from
NSAP address, you would have an NSAP destination address for
forwarding OSI traffic, not IP )

Tayfun Gol

>
> should include in their L2 LSPs a complete list of [IP address, subnet mask,
> metric] specifying all IP addresses reachable in their area" [RFC 1195..
> Section 1.3]. Even in dual IS-IS we specify the area so why isn't the entire
> routing done just by looking at area prefixes.
>

>
> Please comment.
>
> Regards,
> Swati
>
> _________________________________________________________
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From isis-wg-admin@spider.juniper.net  Tue Aug 28 14:23:21 2001
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From: "Ken Larmer" <Larmer@commsense.net>
To: "Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net" <isis-wg@spider.juniper.net>
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Hi,

	I am a bit confused as to what exactly should be present in the L2 LSP "IP
Internal Reachability Information" TLV? RFC-1195 states the following:

5.2 Overview of IP-Specific Information for IS-IS

If included in level 2 LSPs, this field includes only entries reachable by
the router, which originates the LSP, either via one of its interfaces, or
indirectly via level 1 routing.

	We are conducting Interoperability tests on various Integrated IS-IS
implementations. I am seeing conflicting "IP Internal Reachability
Information" in the L2 LSPs being generated throughout the common L1/L2
Domain. To make matters worse, I am seeing conflicting contents when I do a
reboot versus a "clear isis" with the same exact configuration?  Sometimes
the L2 LSP contains ONLY directly attached subnets and other times it
contains the union of L1 areas?

	The reason I raise these issues is because there MAY be a conflict in the
protocol specifications, which affects calculation of routes through an IS
with an LSPDB overload condition?

Let me explain using the following configuration:

	IP Subnet (10.10.10.0) [A]<L1/L2>[B]<L1/L2>[C]<L1/L2>[D] IP subnet
(11.11.11.0)
                                                               ^
                                             LSPDB Overload condition

	All 4 IS routers (A,B,C,D) share a common area address (same L1 Sub-Domain)
and are also part of the same L2 Domain. IS-B has a LSPDB overload condition
and advertises this in it's L1/L2 LSP by setting the LSPDB overload bit. The
other routers receive these LSPs and process them properly; they calculate
routes to directly attached destinations but do not use IS-B as a transient
IS. The problem is that an IP host connected to subnet 11.11.11.0 can still
reach subnet 10.10.10.0. This is made possible because IS-B is advertising,
in it's L2 LSP, the contents specified above in RFC-1195 Section 5.2. As a
consequence, IS-C and IS-D calculate IP subnet 10.10.10.0 to be reachable
via L2 routing, because they think IS-B has a direct connection to this
subnet.

	Am I missing something fundamental here? Of course, if the above is the
case then it will cause LSPDB overload conditions to be ineffective, given a
similar configuration. This means the draft-ietf-isis-transient could also
be made ineffective? Is this an implementation problem, protocol specific
problem or just me being out to lunch?

Any assistance would be greatly appreciated!

Cheers,
Ken Larmer

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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] Setting the over load bit in an MPLS network 
In-reply-to: Mail from Amir Birjandi <abirjand@UU.NET> 
 dated Mon, 27 Aug 2001 17:12:48 EDT
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Date: Tue, 28 Aug 2001 12:10:21 -0700


 ]we have a multihop Label switch path, which is carrying the traffic. 
 ]
 ]routerA---routerB----routerC----routerD
 ]
 ]the label switch path---> from A to D.
 ]
 ]IGP== ISIS
 ]
 ]there are also a number of disjoint paths between A and D.
 ]
 ]If we set the overload bit on C or B,  how would router A know it should
 ]stop sending traffic over that Label switch path.
 ]

I would think you may not want to stop sending traffic down this Label
switched path.

The overload bit here is used as a hint to say C or B's bgp has not yet
converged, it is possible that the label switched path calculation does
not pay attention to ISIS overload bit and still sets up the label switched
path through B and C to D before BGP on B or C can converge. In this case,
routers B and C knows how to switch the mpls packets regardless of BGP
convergence.(in some cases, the forwarding and rsvp module are always up,
so the label switched path is never down)

But whether routerA can send traffic down this A->B->C->D lsp depends
on implementation, configuration and topology of the network. In some
implementation and configuration, as long as the tunnel destination is
the bgp nexthop, it can always switch; Even if the IGP routes are
tightly coupled with the label switched paths, as long as the IGP has
some alternative paths for routerA to reach routerD, it may still forward
packets into this label switched path.
If the IGP was ospf, then the "overload bit" equivalent should not prevent
routerA sending traffic down this label switched path regardless of
the topology of network.

- Naiming
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Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] L2 LSP IP Internal Reachability Information TLV
  contents
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Date: Wed, 29 Aug 2001 10:10:18 +0100

Ken,
         I'm confused. What do you mean by L1/L2 LSP? Do you mean the 
overload bit is set in BOTH L1 and L2? In which case other routers should 
NOT be seeing these reachable at L1 OR L2.

Or do you mean that it is set in L1 only, and because the information is 
present in L2 LSPs from B (which do not have ovl set), the subnets appear 
reachable (correctly) at L2, but not at L1?

Or do you mean something else entirely?

         Mike

At 14:24 28/08/2001 -0400, Ken Larmer wrote:
>         All 4 IS routers (A,B,C,D) share a common area address (same L1 
> Sub-Domain)
>and are also part of the same L2 Domain. IS-B has a LSPDB overload condition
>and advertises this in it's L1/L2 LSP by setting the LSPDB overload bit. The
>other routers receive these LSPs and process them properly; they calculate
>routes to directly attached destinations but do not use IS-B as a transient
>IS. The problem is that an IP host connected to subnet 11.11.11.0 can still
>reach subnet 10.10.10.0. This is made possible because IS-B is advertising,
>in it's L2 LSP, the contents specified above in RFC-1195 Section 5.2. As a
>consequence, IS-C and IS-D calculate IP subnet 10.10.10.0 to be reachable
>via L2 routing, because they think IS-B has a direct connection to this
>subnet.

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Date: Wed, 29 Aug 2001 09:23:43 -0400
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Hi Mike,

	Sorry, I should have made this a bit clearer. The OVL bit is being set in
both the L1 and L2 LSPs originated by IS-B. But because the IS-B's L2 LSP
contains all of the IP subnets within the L1 area (all IS routers are in the
same area), there exists a route to subnet 10.10.10.0 via L2 from IS-C and
IS-D.

	Say each link has a metric = 10. IS-B is advertising L2 reachability to IP
subnet 10.10.10.0 with a metric = 20.  IS-C and IS-D install an L2 IP route
in their routing table to IP subnet 10.10.10.0 via IS-B. IS-B possesses an
L1 IP route to IP subnet 10.10.10.0 via IS-A. So IS-B installs a L1 IP route
to 10.10.10.0 in its IP routing table. Conversely, IS-A possesses a L2 IP
route to IP subnet 11.11.11.0 via IS-B. IS-B possesses an L1 IP route to IP
subnet 11.11.11.0 via IS-C...

	Consequently, we possess an IP route from IS-D (subnet 11.11.11.0) to IS-A
(subnet 10.10.10.0), which uses the following path. Source = IS-D and
Destination = IS-A. IS-D forwards the IP packet to IS-C via L1, IS-C
forwards the IP packet to IS-B via L1 and then IS-B forwards the IP packet
to IS-A via L1.

IP Subnet (10.10.10.0) [A]<L1/L2>[B]<L1/L2>[C]<L1/L2>[D] IP subnet
(11.11.11.0)
                                                   ^
                                  LSPDB Overload condition

	Mike, does the above scenario defeat the purpose of setting the LSPDB OVL
bit?

Cheers,
Ken Larmer

> -----Original Message-----
> From: isis-wg-admin@external.juniper.net
> [mailto:isis-wg-admin@external.juniper.net]On Behalf Of mike shand
> Sent: Wednesday, August 29, 2001 5:10 AM
> To: Ken Larmer
> Cc: Isis-Wg@Spider. Juniper. Net; Ken Larmer
> Subject: Re: [Isis-wg] L2 LSP IP Internal Reachability Information TLV
> contents
>
>
> Ken,
>          I'm confused. What do you mean by L1/L2 LSP? Do you mean the
> overload bit is set in BOTH L1 and L2? In which case other routers should
> NOT be seeing these reachable at L1 OR L2.
>
> Or do you mean that it is set in L1 only, and because the information is
> present in L2 LSPs from B (which do not have ovl set), the subnets appear
> reachable (correctly) at L2, but not at L1?
>
> Or do you mean something else entirely?
>
>          Mike
>
> At 14:24 28/08/2001 -0400, Ken Larmer wrote:
> >         All 4 IS routers (A,B,C,D) share a common area address (same L1
> > Sub-Domain)
> >and are also part of the same L2 Domain. IS-B has a LSPDB
> overload condition
> >and advertises this in it's L1/L2 LSP by setting the LSPDB
> overload bit. The
> >other routers receive these LSPs and process them properly; they
> calculate
> >routes to directly attached destinations but do not use IS-B as
> a transient
> >IS. The problem is that an IP host connected to subnet
> 11.11.11.0 can still
> >reach subnet 10.10.10.0. This is made possible because IS-B is
> advertising,
> >in it's L2 LSP, the contents specified above in RFC-1195 Section
> 5.2. As a
> >consequence, IS-C and IS-D calculate IP subnet 10.10.10.0 to be reachable
> >via L2 routing, because they think IS-B has a direct connection to this
> >subnet.
>
> _______________________________________________
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> http://external.juniper.net/mailman/listinfo/isis-wg
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Date: Thu, 30 Aug 2001 09:40:57 -0400

All,

In the subject draft, several items were left as TBD (sub-TLV codes), and
one was left as an editor's note (repitition octet at start). Have these
been resolved? Are there candidate resolutions?

Thank you for any information.

-- John Odak
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