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From: Juergen Schoenwaelder <j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de>
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Subject: Re: [Isms] ISMS WG Last Call on RADIUS mapping for SNMP
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On Thu, Feb 28, 2008 at 10:04:42AM +0100, Juergen Schoenwaelder wrote:
> Dear all,
> 
> this is the start of the  working group last call on the ISMS
> RADIUS integration document:
> 
>   Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) Usage for
>   Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Transport Models
>   <draft-ietf-isms-radius-usage-02.txt>
> 
> The authors and the chairs think that this document is mature
> enough for WGLC. Please do review these document and post your
> comments on this list until Friday, March 28, 2008.

I like to remind everybody here about this last call. We need some
more people to read the document and to post their comments to this
list.

/js

-- 
Juergen Schoenwaelder           Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
Phone: +49 421 200 3587         Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
Fax:   +49 421 200 3103         <http://www.jacobs-university.de/>
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From isms-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 28 07:58:28 2008
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Subject: Re: [Isms] ISMS WG Last Call on RADIUS mapping for SNMP
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Juergen Schoenwaelder wrote:

> I like to remind everybody here about this last call. We need some
> more people to read the document and to post their comments to this
> list.

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-isms-radius-usage-02.txt

It would be good if people could also comment upon a related document, in
simultaneous WGLC in the RADEXT WG:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-radext-management-authorizati
on-02.txt

The latter document defines the RADIUS Attributes called out in the former
document.

Thanks!


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Subject: Re: [Isms] ISMS WG Last Call on RADIUS mapping for SNMP
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Hi,

I thought I still had plenty of time left, and have procrastinated.
Am I correct that WGLC for these two documents ends TODAY?

dbh 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: isms-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:isms-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of David B. Nelson
> Sent: Friday, March 28, 2008 10:54 AM
> To: isms@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Isms] ISMS WG Last Call on RADIUS mapping for SNMP
> 
> Juergen Schoenwaelder wrote:
> 
> > I like to remind everybody here about this last call. We need some
> > more people to read the document and to post their comments to
this
> > list.
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-isms-radius-usa
> ge-02.txt
> 
> It would be good if people could also comment upon a related 
> document, in
> simultaneous WGLC in the RADEXT WG:
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-radext-manageme
> nt-authorizati
> on-02.txt
> 
> The latter document defines the RADIUS Attributes called out 
> in the former
> document.
> 
> Thanks!
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Isms mailing list
> Isms@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/isms
> 


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David Harrington wrote:

> I thought I still had plenty of time left...

Don't we all?  :-)

> Am I correct that WGLC for these two documents ends TODAY?

Technically, yes.  However, the practice in RADEXT is to allow a few days
grace period.  That is to say, the draft is not sent off to the IESG the day
after the WGLC "closes" (assuming issues are resolved).  Maybe Juergen will
allow the same here.

I would certainly appreciate your review comments on both drafts.  But the
time allowed for procrastination has expired!  :-)

Thanks!


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From: Juergen Schoenwaelder <j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de>
To: "David B. Nelson" <dnelson@elbrysnetworks.com>
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Subject: Re: [Isms] ISMS WG Last Call on RADIUS mapping for SNMP
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On Fri, Mar 28, 2008 at 11:37:29AM -0400, David B. Nelson wrote:
 
> Technically, yes.  However, the practice in RADEXT is to allow a few days
> grace period.  That is to say, the draft is not sent off to the IESG the day
> after the WGLC "closes" (assuming issues are resolved).  Maybe Juergen will
> allow the same here.

We urgently need more reviews. I am of course flexible with the
deadline if that brings us additional reviews. But it will help me if
people can send me an email indicating how much additional time they
need to provide a review.

Without sufficient reviews, the documents will not move forward.  So
please, whoever has some cycles left, help us by reading the documents
and indicating your feedback. If you need more time, please let us
know.

/js

-- 
Juergen Schoenwaelder           Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
Phone: +49 421 200 3587         Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
Fax:   +49 421 200 3103         <http://www.jacobs-university.de/>
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From: "David Harrington" <ietfdbh@comcast.net>
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Subject: Re: [Isms] FW: RADEXT WG Last Call on NAS Management
	AuthorizationSpecification
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Hi,

I have reviewed draft-ietf-radext-management-authorization-02.txt for
the WGLC and have comments.

---------------------May fix editorial-------------------
Description of issue
Submitter name: David Harrington
Submitter email address: ietfdbh@comcast.net
Date first submitted: 3-29-08
Reference: URL to e-mail describing problem, if available
Document: draft-ietf-radext-management-authorization
Comment type: E
Priority: '1' Should fix
Section: various

Requested changes:
throughout:
"Note that" is usually unnecessary. Don't we want readers to note
everything in the document, or we wouldn't have said it?
section 3:
OLD: "While remote management by interactive CLI
   sessions is carried over protocols, such as Telnet, Rlogin, and
SSH,
   these protocols are primarily for the delivery of terminal, or
   pseudo-TTY services.  Note that, in this context, "SSH" means the
   remote terminal service of SSH, not the more general protected
   transport service of SSH."
NEW: While remote management by interactive CLI
   sessions is carried over protocols, such as Telnet, Rlogin, and the

   remote terminal service of SSH, these protocols are used in this
context
   for the delivery of terminal, or pseudo-TTY services."

section 6:
OLD: "To aid in understanding of this document, it"
NEW: "It"

section 6:
   It is expected that the additional features of this document with
   respect to remote access to the CLI of a NAS will be used in
   conjunction with the existing practice regarding the NAS-Port-Type
   attribute described in this section.
Should this also be expected of other management interfaces if this is
existing practice for the vendor?

section 8.2
s/The acronyms used/The names used/

I suggest the descriptions of the values should identify the threats
and the mitigation provided, in a clear and unambiguous manner. For
example, 
OLD: The management session requires
      protection in a secure or protected transport, that is supported
      by the management access protocol and implementation.  The
secure
      transport MUST provide Confidentiality Protection.
NEW: The transport ptotocol MUST protect against unauthorized
disclosure of information.  The secure transport MUST provide
encryption.


section 13:
I have made it a practice to identify the specific registries to be
modified, and the specific changes that need to be made to each
registry. This is easier for IANA, and removes the chance of IANA
misinterpreting what is needed. You say "RADIUS Attributes registry" -
is that the RADIUS Attribute Types registry, or the RADIUS Attribute
Values registry, or both?

Will IANA know just which TBA should be replaced with which assigned
type or value?

section 14:
this entions accounting, but accounting is explicitly out of scope for
this document.

Author's Address:
Greg has no address.


---------------------Should fix editorial-------------------
Description of issue
Submitter name: David Harrington
Submitter email address: ietfdbh@comcast.net
Date first submitted: 3-29-08
Reference: URL to e-mail describing problem, if available
Document: draft-ietf-radext-management-authorization
Comment type: E
Priority: '1' Should fix
Section: various

Requested changes:
Section 3:
OLD: "NETCONF (XML over HTTP/BEEP/SOAP)" 
NEW: "NETCONF (XML over SSH/BEEP/SOAP)"

Section 4:
VACM is composed of multiple tables
OLD: (VACM) table [RFC3415],
NEW: (VACM) [RFC3415],



---------------------Technical Issues-------------------
Description of issue
Submitter name: David Harrington
Submitter email address: ietfdbh@comcast.net
Date first submitted: 3-29-08
Reference: 
Document: draft-ietf-radext-management-authorization
Comment type: T
Priority: '1' Should fix
Section: various

section 8.1 (and elsewhere)
Shouldn't Framed-Managament-Protocol "Web-based" (2) be HTTP or
HTML/HTTP? Isn't HTTPS Framed-Management-Protocol=HTTP plus
Transport-Protocol=TLS?
Should we develop acronymns NETCONFS and SNMPS and CLIS so we can just
lump the non-secure and secure versions into Configuration-based, and
Polling-based names and so on?

Should SFTP and SCP be listed separately or lumped together?

section 8.2
   The same "No Protection"
   semantics are conveyed by omitting this attribute from an Access-
   Accept packet."
Why is this the default behavior? Wouldn't it be better to default to
full security if the attribute is not present?

section 8.3
The first paragrapgh says zero or more, while the fourth paragraph
says you should not send two or more. 
OLD" "Zero or more"
NEW: "Zero or one"

Paragraph 3 says what to do if one is receiverd; and paragraph talks
about receiving more than one. What if zero are received?

Paragraph 3 says if "the policy rules are incorrectly
   formatted, the NAS MUST treat the packet as if it had been an
Access-
   Reject."
Doesn't this potentially override what the management protocol says
should be done if the rules are incorrectly formatted? If the mgmt
protocol defines an error condition for incorrectly formatted rules,
that error won't be sent because the session is rejected, right? What
happens if it is considered incorrect formatting to have an empty
table of rules, but the operator is trying to gain mgmt access to set
the policy rules into the table? Would RADIUS even know whether the
rules were incorrectly formatted?

section 8.4
I don't understand why we need a special Management-Privilege-Level
attribute. This should be able to specified as a named policy in the
Management-Policy-ID, such as "Level 1" and "Level 2", or even "1" and
"2" and "3". Implementations simply need to map between the policy
name and their  privilege-level policy implementation.

Different implementations might handle priivilege levels differently -
some might use integers internally, others might use a different range
of values (0-15 vs 1-16). Using Management-Policy-ID makes this simply
a mapping exercise. This is a great opportunity to suggest standard
names for privilege levels, and then vendors can map those standard
names to the internal routines. If vendors provide an API, operators
could name the policies as they wanted and map them to the vendors'
APIs for invoking different privilege levels.

I do not understand "Using the Management-
   Privilege-Level attribute with a Service-Type attribute with a
value
   of NAS-Prompt will have the effect of increasing the minimum
   privilege level.  Conversely, it is NOT RECOMMENDED to use this
   attribute with a Service-Type of Administrative, which may require
   decreasing the maximum privilege level."
How does it increase the minimum privilege level or decrease the
maximum security level? Wouldn't this simply be
implementation-dependent?

section 9:
I have a concern about protocol versions. What if I want SSHv2 because
I don't think SSHv1 is adequate? Should I be able to make the
distinction? or is that simply an operator-provisioning task to
disallow SSHv1 to the device?

I would change Example #4 to use a Management-Policy-ID="Level 15"
rather than a Management-Privilege-Level=15

Example #5 mentions SNMPv3, but the attribute says only SNMP. If the
operator should be permitted to decide which SNMP version can be used,
then we need these specified as different management protocols. I
think it would be better to leave the message-version decision to the
SNMP standard. So I would change the example from "SNMPv3 access" to
simply "SNMP access".  

I would change the paragraph in example #5:
OLD:   Note that there is currently no standardized way of
implementing
       this management policy mapping within SNMPv3.  Such mechanisms
       are implementation specific.
NEW: "A standardized way of mapping from Management-Policy-ID to a
particular access control policy in SNMP is under research."

Example #6 talks about using the Secure Shell Transport Model, but
most existing SNMP implementations do not support this yet. The
"transport model" approach supports a binding between the SSH
authenticated identity and the SNMP database access controls. Some
SNMP implementations support running SNMP (any version) over an SSH
tunnel, but they provide no such binding. I think it is an SNMP
internal matter for SNMP access controls to say "they must use
transport model to get database access". So I would remove the mention
of the Secure Shell Transport Model from the example:
OLD:    6.  SNMP secure Transport Model access, using the Secure Shell
       Transport Model:
NEW:    6.  SNMP access, via a fully-protected secure tunnel of SSH,
to an 
        undefined management access level:

Example#8 doesn't mention which transport protocol should be used to
provide security services. Should it, or is it intentional to allow
any transport protocol be used that can provide
Confidentiality-Protection?

David Harrington
dbharrington@comcast.net
ietfdbh@comcast.net
dharrington@huawei.com


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Subject: Re: [Isms] RADEXT WG Last Call on NAS
	ManagementAuthorizationSpecification
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David Harrington writes...

> I have reviewed draft-ietf-radext-management-authorization-02.txt
> for the WGLC and have comments.

Thanks you!

> "Note that" is usually unnecessary.

OK.  That's a bit of flowery writing that isn't needed.

> section 3:
> OLD: "While remote management by interactive CLI
>    sessions is carried over protocols, such as Telnet, Rlogin,
>    and SSH, these protocols are primarily for the delivery of 
>    terminal, or pseudo-TTY services.  Note that, in this context,
>    "SSH" means the remote terminal service of SSH, not the more 
>    general protected transport service of SSH."
> NEW: While remote management by interactive CLI sessions is 
>    carried over protocols, such as Telnet, Rlogin, and the
>    remote terminal service of SSH, these protocols are used 
>    in this context for the delivery of terminal, or pseudo-TTY
>    services."

OK.

> section 6:
> OLD: "To aid in understanding of this document, it"
> NEW: "It"

Sure.  The point I was trying to convey here is that this document is not
creating the usage being described here, but simply reporting it.
 
> section 6:
>    It is expected that the additional features of this document with
>    respect to remote access to the CLI of a NAS will be used in
>    conjunction with the existing practice regarding the NAS-Port-Type
>    attribute described in this section.
> Should this also be expected of other management interfaces if this is
> existing practice for the vendor?

I'm not sure what you are trying to ask.  We acknowledge an existing
practice and indicate that it is compatible with the usages defined in this
document.

> section 8.2
> s/The acronyms used/The names used/

OK.
 
> I suggest the descriptions of the values should identify the threats
> and the mitigation provided, in a clear and unambiguous manner. For
> example,
> OLD: The management session requires protection in a secure or
>     protected transport, that is supported by the management access
>     protocol and implementation.  The secure transport MUST provide
>     Confidentiality Protection.
> NEW: The transport protocol MUST protect against unauthorized
> disclosure of information.  The secure transport MUST provide
> encryption.

OK.  I think that confidentiality implies the use of encryption, unless the
medium of communication is physically secured, but I have no objection to
your suggested text.

> section 13:
> I have made it a practice to identify the specific registries to be
> modified, and the specific changes that need to be made to each
> registry. This is easier for IANA, and removes the chance of IANA
> misinterpreting what is needed. You say "RADIUS Attributes registry" -
> is that the RADIUS Attribute Types registry, or the RADIUS Attribute
> Values registry, or both?

Both, which one depending upon context.

> Will IANA know just which TBA should be replaced with which assigned
> type or value?

IANA gets to make up the numeric values, and hopefully can tell which is an
Attribute ID code and which is a value, but we could use a notation such as
TBA-A (for attribute IDs) and TBA-V (for values), if you think that would be
helpful.

> section 14:
> this mentions accounting, but accounting is explicitly out of 
> scope for this document.

Not entirely.  Section 12 indicates that some attributes may be included in
Accounting-Request packets.
 
> Author's Address:
> Greg has no address.

Well, he does have one -- he just hasn't provided it the current draft.
This omission will be corrected eventually -- certainly during AUTH84, if
not before.

> Requested changes:
> Section 3:
> OLD: "NETCONF (XML over HTTP/BEEP/SOAP)"
> NEW: "NETCONF (XML over SSH/BEEP/SOAP)"

Well, OK, I guess.  Does NETCONF not have a profile for transport over HTTP?
I'm a bit confused on that point.

> Section 4:
> VACM is composed of multiple tables
> OLD: (VACM) table [RFC3415],
> NEW: (VACM) [RFC3415],

OK.

> section 8.1 (and elsewhere)
> Shouldn't Framed-Management-Protocol "Web-based" (2) be HTTP or
> HTML/HTTP?

Uh, yes...

> Isn't HTTPS Framed-Management-Protocol=HTTP plus Transport-Protocol=TLS?

Yes, but in the -02 revision the Management-Transport-Protocol Attribute has
been removed, because it seemed like unnecessary over-specification, and
replaced with the Management-Transport-Protection Attribute.  For that
reason, your suggestion doesn't quite work.

> Should we develop acronyms NETCONFS and SNMPS and CLIS so we can just
> lump the non-secure and secure versions into Configuration-based, and
> Polling-based names and so on?

Well, the tradition of RADIUS documents is that we describe how to provision
existing services using RADIUS Attributes.  We stay away from actually
defining the services being provisioned, and simply provide references as
appropriate.  In that light, I think it might be inappropriate to define new
acronyms for such services in this document.

> section 8.2
>    The same "No Protection" semantics are conveyed by omitting this 
>    attribute from an Access-Accept packet."
> Why is this the default behavior? Wouldn't it be better to default to
> full security if the attribute is not present?

In the interest of backward compatibility, it seems like de default should
be no security.

> section 8.3
> The first paragraph says zero or more, while the fourth paragraph
> says you should not send two or more.
> OLD" "Zero or more"
> NEW: "Zero or one"

OK.

> Paragraph 3 says what to do if one is received; and paragraph talks
> about receiving more than one. What if zero are received?

If zero are received no management policy is applied to the provisioned
service.  That's universally true of RADIUS service provisioning Attributes.
The absence of an Attribute generally has no significance; it does not cause
any action at the NAS.

> Paragraph 3 says if "the policy rules are incorrectly formatted, the
> NAS MUST treat the packet as if it had been an Access-Reject."
> Doesn't this potentially override what the management protocol says
> should be done if the rules are incorrectly formatted?

What management protocol?  Are you alluding to something like the SNMP VACM?

> If the mgmt protocol defines an error condition for incorrectly 
> formatted rules, that error won't be sent because the session is 
> rejected, right?

Well, this is a bit murky.  Traditionally, RADIUS Servers provision a
service to be delivered to the user at the NAS, and the NAS is responsible
for delivering that service, and not some other.  If the NAS cannot deliver
the service (and it knows what it is) then traditionally the NAS has been
required to reject access altogether.   The access protocol may or may not
have an error channel for the NAS to signal to the user that the service has
been denied.

> What happens if it is considered incorrect formatting to have an 
> empty table of rules, but the operator is trying to gain mgmt access
> to set the policy rules into the table?  Would RADIUS even know
> whether the rules were incorrectly formatted?

Probably not.  The NAS might know, because the term "NAS" describes the
entirety of the network device or host device that contains the RADIUS
Client.  The RADIUS Client would almost certainly not know.

In view of this, it may be better or omit the phrase "or the policy rules
are incorrectly formatted".

> section 8.4
> I don't understand why we need a special Management-Privilege-Level
> attribute. This should be able to specified as a named policy in the
> Management-Policy-ID, such as "Level 1" and "Level 2", or even "1" and
> "2" and "3". Implementations simply need to map between the policy
> name and their  privilege-level policy implementation.

Well, it's just that sort of "mapping" that this attribute was introduced to
avoid.  There are a significant number of currently deployed implementations
that provision CLI access control using an integer-valued parameter.  It is
what it is.  This is simply an attempt to recognize that practice and
provide a way to provision that type of access control via RADIUS.  We are
not attempting (not should we) to redefine how CLI access control works in
NASes, just how RADIUS can be use to provision it.

> This is a great opportunity to suggest standard names for privilege 
> levels, and then vendors can map those standard names to the internal 
> routines.

Hmmm...  I think that type of standardization crosses the line into
"defining the service" and would be out of scope for this document.  I'd
like to solicit some additional WG comment on this suggestion, before we go
down that path.

> I do not understand "Using the Management-Privilege-Level attribute 
> with a Service-Type attribute with a value of NAS-Prompt will have the
> effect of increasing the minimum  privilege level.  Conversely, it is 
> NOT RECOMMENDED to use this attribute with a Service-Type of
> Administrative, which may require decreasing the maximum privilege 
> level."
> How does it increase the minimum privilege level or decrease the
> maximum security level?

Well, NAS-Prompt is the non-privileged CLI service and Administrative is the
privileged CLI service.  While implementations may vary, my understanding is
that NAS-Prompt has no privileges and Administrative has all privileges
(like root).  Since there are only two choices, this is pretty much a binary
thing -- on or off.

> Wouldn't this simply be implementation-dependent?

It might be...
 
> section 9:
> I have a concern about protocol versions. What if I want SSHv2 because
> I don't think SSHv1 is adequate? Should I be able to make the
> distinction? or is that simply an operator-provisioning task to
> disallow SSHv1 to the device?

The ability to specify particular transport protocols has been removed from
the -02 version, and thus there is no way to specify a particular version of
a particular transport protocol.  I think this comes down to what is
necessary and sufficient to solve the "80% problem", i.e. what will work
sufficiently well in 80% of the possible deployment scenarios and use cases.
I think we can easily fall into the trap of over-specifying the solution,
and adding way more complexity than anyone will ever actually use
(correctly).

> I would change Example #4 to use a Management-Policy-ID="Level 15"
> rather than a Management-Privilege-Level=15

This is dependent on resolution of a previous comment.

> Example #5 mentions SNMPv3, but the attribute says only SNMP. If the
> operator should be permitted to decide which SNMP version can be used,
> then we need these specified as different management protocols. I
> think it would be better to leave the message-version decision to the
> SNMP standard. So I would change the example from "SNMPv3 access" to
> simply "SNMP access".

I think that the "v3" is as editing artifact, left over from the -01 version
of the draft.

> I would change the paragraph in example #5:
> OLD:   Note that there is currently no standardized way of
>        implementing this management policy mapping within SNMPv3.
>        Such mechanisms are implementation specific.
> NEW: "A standardized way of mapping from Management-Policy-ID to a
> particular access control policy in SNMP is under research."

OK, that's fine.  We can use text along those lines.

> Example #6 talks about using the Secure Shell Transport Model, but
> most existing SNMP implementations do not support this yet. The
> "transport model" approach supports a binding between the SSH
> authenticated identity and the SNMP database access controls. Some
> SNMP implementations support running SNMP (any version) over an SSH
> tunnel, but they provide no such binding. I think it is an SNMP
> internal matter for SNMP access controls to say "they must use
> transport model to get database access". So I would remove the mention
> of the Secure Shell Transport Model from the example:
> OLD:    6.  SNMP secure Transport Model access, using the Secure Shell
>        Transport Model:
> NEW:    6.  SNMP access, via a fully-protected secure tunnel of SSH,
>         to an undefined management access level:

Well, there's something else wrong with Example 6.  It still uses the
removed [Management-]Transport-Protocol attribute.  (There are several
examples with this problem.)  I think that this should be revised to
indicate SNMP access using a particular protection level (i.e.
Management-Transport-Protection).

I'll submit some suggested text in a separate message dealing with errata in
the examples.  Perhaps we can continue the discussion on that basis?
 
> Example#8 doesn't mention which transport protocol should be used to
> provide security services.

Once again, the Management-Transport-Protocol attribute has been removed
from the -02 version of the draft.

> Should it, or is it intentional to allow any transport protocol to be 
> used that can provide Confidentiality-Protection?

It is intended that any transport protocol that can meet or exceed the
specified minimum security protection requirement (integrity or integrity
and confidentiality) can be used for the session.

Thanks, once again, for your thorough and insightful review comments.

Regards,

Dave Nelson

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From: "David B Harrington" <dbharrington@comcast.net>
To: <isms@ietf.org>
References: <20080327212832.GB4281@elstar.local>
Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2008 14:00:09 -0400
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Subject: [Isms] open issues
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Hi,

Juergen has asked for some status on open issues.
The open issues list in the secshell doc is still accurate.

#2 could be resolved by allowing an operator to preconfigure a MIB
like usmUserTable to provide the mapping from various
mechanism-specific identities to securityName. Such preconfiguration
could use the identity function to set secruityName if no mapping is
provided. Or, they could preconfigure in an implementation-dependent
manner. Without preconfiguration, and using a default identity
function, an operator would need a VACM entry for each
mechanism-specific identity.

#3 (same as #2; opposite direction. Not sure if there are any
additional complications in this direction.

#5 and #8 can be resolved by having securityModel in tmStateRef
override message processing selection of model. But we would need to
discuss security considerations for doing so, and check whether there
are any unforeseen implications (much as doing it the current way had
implications with RFC3584). If we do this, then #2 and #3
preconfiguration might become specific to each transport mapping, or
share a common table.

#6 is about whether the access controls applied are for the same
authenticated identity (client vs server) as in USM. I think this
needs further research of who must be authenticated for each operation
type, and whether the security rules about which identity must be
authenticated when using an operation are consistent with SSH and USM
and the architecture.

David Harrington
dbharrington@comcast.net
ietfdbh@comcast.net
dharrington@huawei.com









 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Juergen Schoenwaelder 
> [mailto:j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de] 
> Sent: Thursday, March 27, 2008 5:29 PM
> To: Dave Harrington
> Subject: isms open issues call
> 
> David,
> 
> what about a skype/phone call next Monday afternoon your time zone
> (evening my time zone)? Something around 9pm would work for me,
which
> should be 3pm your time zone. Later is fine with me as well.
> 
> /js
> 
> -- 
> Juergen Schoenwaelder           Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
> Phone: +49 421 200 3587         Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
> Fax:   +49 421 200 3103         <http://www.jacobs-university.de/>
> 


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Subject: Re: [Isms] RADEXT WG Last Call on NAS Management Authorization
	Specification
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David Harrington writes...

> I have reviewed draft-ietf-radext-management-authorization-02.txt
> for the WGLC and have comments.

Thanks you!

> "Note that" is usually unnecessary.

OK.  That's a bit of flowery writing that isn't needed.

> section 3:
> OLD: "While remote management by interactive CLI
>    sessions is carried over protocols, such as Telnet, Rlogin,
>    and SSH, these protocols are primarily for the delivery of 
>    terminal, or pseudo-TTY services.  Note that, in this context,
>    "SSH" means the remote terminal service of SSH, not the more 
>    general protected transport service of SSH."
> NEW: While remote management by interactive CLI sessions is 
>    carried over protocols, such as Telnet, Rlogin, and the
>    remote terminal service of SSH, these protocols are used 
>    in this context for the delivery of terminal, or pseudo-TTY
>    services."

OK.

> section 6:
> OLD: "To aid in understanding of this document, it"
> NEW: "It"

Sure.  The point I was trying to convey here is that this document is not
creating the usage being described here, but simply reporting it.
 
> section 6:
>    It is expected that the additional features of this document with
>    respect to remote access to the CLI of a NAS will be used in
>    conjunction with the existing practice regarding the NAS-Port-Type
>    attribute described in this section.
> Should this also be expected of other management interfaces if this is
> existing practice for the vendor?

I'm not sure what you are trying to ask.  We acknowledge an existing
practice and indicate that it is compatible with the usages defined in this
document.

> section 8.2
> s/The acronyms used/The names used/

OK.
 
> I suggest the descriptions of the values should identify the threats
> and the mitigation provided, in a clear and unambiguous manner. For
> example,
> OLD: The management session requires protection in a secure or
>     protected transport, that is supported by the management access
>     protocol and implementation.  The secure transport MUST provide
>     Confidentiality Protection.
> NEW: The transport protocol MUST protect against unauthorized
> disclosure of information.  The secure transport MUST provide
> encryption.

OK.  I think that confidentiality implies the use of encryption, unless the
medium of communication is physically secured, but I have no objection to
your suggested text.

> section 13:
> I have made it a practice to identify the specific registries to be
> modified, and the specific changes that need to be made to each
> registry. This is easier for IANA, and removes the chance of IANA
> misinterpreting what is needed. You say "RADIUS Attributes registry" -
> is that the RADIUS Attribute Types registry, or the RADIUS Attribute
> Values registry, or both?

Both, which one depending upon context.

> Will IANA know just which TBA should be replaced with which assigned
> type or value?

IANA gets to make up the numeric values, and hopefully can tell which is an
Attribute ID code and which is a value, but we could use a notation such as
TBA-A (for attribute IDs) and TBA-V (for values), if you think that would be
helpful.

> section 14:
> this mentions accounting, but accounting is explicitly out of 
> scope for this document.

Not entirely.  Section 12 indicates that some attributes may be included in
Accounting-Request packets.
 
> Author's Address:
> Greg has no address.

Well, he does have one -- he just hasn't provided it the current draft.
This omission will be corrected eventually -- certainly during AUTH84, if
not before.

> Requested changes:
> Section 3:
> OLD: "NETCONF (XML over HTTP/BEEP/SOAP)"
> NEW: "NETCONF (XML over SSH/BEEP/SOAP)"

Well, OK, I guess.  Does NETCONF not have a profile for transport over HTTP?
I'm a bit confused on that point.

> Section 4:
> VACM is composed of multiple tables
> OLD: (VACM) table [RFC3415],
> NEW: (VACM) [RFC3415],

OK.

> section 8.1 (and elsewhere)
> Shouldn't Framed-Management-Protocol "Web-based" (2) be HTTP or
> HTML/HTTP?

Uh, yes...

> Isn't HTTPS Framed-Management-Protocol=HTTP plus Transport-Protocol=TLS?

Yes, but in the -02 revision the Management-Transport-Protocol Attribute has
been removed, because it seemed like unnecessary over-specification, and
replaced with the Management-Transport-Protection Attribute.  For that
reason, your suggestion doesn't quite work.

> Should we develop acronyms NETCONFS and SNMPS and CLIS so we can just
> lump the non-secure and secure versions into Configuration-based, and
> Polling-based names and so on?

Well, the tradition of RADIUS documents is that we describe how to provision
existing services using RADIUS Attributes.  We stay away from actually
defining the services being provisioned, and simply provide references as
appropriate.  In that light, I think it might be inappropriate to define new
acronyms for such services in this document.

> section 8.2
>    The same "No Protection" semantics are conveyed by omitting this 
>    attribute from an Access-Accept packet."
> Why is this the default behavior? Wouldn't it be better to default to
> full security if the attribute is not present?

In the interest of backward compatibility, it seems like de default should
be no security.

> section 8.3
> The first paragraph says zero or more, while the fourth paragraph
> says you should not send two or more.
> OLD" "Zero or more"
> NEW: "Zero or one"

OK.

> Paragraph 3 says what to do if one is received; and paragraph talks
> about receiving more than one. What if zero are received?

If zero are received no management policy is applied to the provisioned
service.  That's universally true of RADIUS service provisioning Attributes.
The absence of an Attribute generally has no significance; it does not cause
any action at the NAS.

> Paragraph 3 says if "the policy rules are incorrectly formatted, the
> NAS MUST treat the packet as if it had been an Access-Reject."
> Doesn't this potentially override what the management protocol says
> should be done if the rules are incorrectly formatted?

What management protocol?  Are you alluding to something like the SNMP VACM?

> If the mgmt protocol defines an error condition for incorrectly 
> formatted rules, that error won't be sent because the session is 
> rejected, right?

Well, this is a bit murky.  Traditionally, RADIUS Servers provision a
service to be delivered to the user at the NAS, and the NAS is responsible
for delivering that service, and not some other.  If the NAS cannot deliver
the service (and it knows what it is) then traditionally the NAS has been
required to reject access altogether.   The access protocol may or may not
have an error channel for the NAS to signal to the user that the service has
been denied.

> What happens if it is considered incorrect formatting to have an 
> empty table of rules, but the operator is trying to gain mgmt access
> to set the policy rules into the table?  Would RADIUS even know
> whether the rules were incorrectly formatted?

Probably not.  The NAS might know, because the term "NAS" describes the
entirety of the network device or host device that contains the RADIUS
Client.  The RADIUS Client would almost certainly not know.

In view of this, it may be better or omit the phrase "or the policy rules
are incorrectly formatted".

> section 8.4
> I don't understand why we need a special Management-Privilege-Level
> attribute. This should be able to specified as a named policy in the
> Management-Policy-ID, such as "Level 1" and "Level 2", or even "1" and
> "2" and "3". Implementations simply need to map between the policy
> name and their  privilege-level policy implementation.

Well, it's just that sort of "mapping" that this attribute was introduced to
avoid.  There are a significant number of currently deployed implementations
that provision CLI access control using an integer-valued parameter.  It is
what it is.  This is simply an attempt to recognize that practice and
provide a way to provision that type of access control via RADIUS.  We are
not attempting (not should we) to redefine how CLI access control works in
NASes, just how RADIUS can be use to provision it.

> This is a great opportunity to suggest standard names for privilege 
> levels, and then vendors can map those standard names to the internal 
> routines.

Hmmm...  I think that type of standardization crosses the line into
"defining the service" and would be out of scope for this document.  I'd
like to solicit some additional WG comment on this suggestion, before we go
down that path.

> I do not understand "Using the Management-Privilege-Level attribute 
> with a Service-Type attribute with a value of NAS-Prompt will have the
> effect of increasing the minimum  privilege level.  Conversely, it is 
> NOT RECOMMENDED to use this attribute with a Service-Type of
> Administrative, which may require decreasing the maximum privilege 
> level."
> How does it increase the minimum privilege level or decrease the
> maximum security level?

Well, NAS-Prompt is the non-privileged CLI service and Administrative is the
privileged CLI service.  While implementations may vary, my understanding is
that NAS-Prompt has no privileges and Administrative has all privileges
(like root).  Since there are only two choices, this is pretty much a binary
thing -- on or off.

> Wouldn't this simply be implementation-dependent?

It might be...
 
> section 9:
> I have a concern about protocol versions. What if I want SSHv2 because
> I don't think SSHv1 is adequate? Should I be able to make the
> distinction? or is that simply an operator-provisioning task to
> disallow SSHv1 to the device?

The ability to specify particular transport protocols has been removed from
the -02 version, and thus there is no way to specify a particular version of
a particular transport protocol.  I think this comes down to what is
necessary and sufficient to solve the "80% problem", i.e. what will work
sufficiently well in 80% of the possible deployment scenarios and use cases.
I think we can easily fall into the trap of over-specifying the solution,
and adding way more complexity than anyone will ever actually use
(correctly).

> I would change Example #4 to use a Management-Policy-ID="Level 15"
> rather than a Management-Privilege-Level=15

This is dependent on resolution of a previous comment.

> Example #5 mentions SNMPv3, but the attribute says only SNMP. If the
> operator should be permitted to decide which SNMP version can be used,
> then we need these specified as different management protocols. I
> think it would be better to leave the message-version decision to the
> SNMP standard. So I would change the example from "SNMPv3 access" to
> simply "SNMP access".

I think that the "v3" is as editing artifact, left over from the -01 version
of the draft.

> I would change the paragraph in example #5:
> OLD:   Note that there is currently no standardized way of
>        implementing this management policy mapping within SNMPv3.
>        Such mechanisms are implementation specific.
> NEW: "A standardized way of mapping from Management-Policy-ID to a
> particular access control policy in SNMP is under research."

OK, that's fine.  We can use text along those lines.

> Example #6 talks about using the Secure Shell Transport Model, but
> most existing SNMP implementations do not support this yet. The
> "transport model" approach supports a binding between the SSH
> authenticated identity and the SNMP database access controls. Some
> SNMP implementations support running SNMP (any version) over an SSH
> tunnel, but they provide no such binding. I think it is an SNMP
> internal matter for SNMP access controls to say "they must use
> transport model to get database access". So I would remove the mention
> of the Secure Shell Transport Model from the example:
> OLD:    6.  SNMP secure Transport Model access, using the Secure Shell
>        Transport Model:
> NEW:    6.  SNMP access, via a fully-protected secure tunnel of SSH,
>         to an undefined management access level:

Well, there's something else wrong with Example 6.  It still uses the
removed [Management-]Transport-Protocol attribute.  (There are several
examples with this problem.)  I think that this should be revised to
indicate SNMP access using a particular protection level (i.e.
Management-Transport-Protection).

I'll submit some suggested text in a separate message dealing with errata in
the examples.  Perhaps we can continue the discussion on that basis?
 
> Example#8 doesn't mention which transport protocol should be used to
> provide security services.

Once again, the Management-Transport-Protocol attribute has been removed
from the -02 version of the draft.

> Should it, or is it intentional to allow any transport protocol to be 
> used that can provide Confidentiality-Protection?

It is intended that any transport protocol that can meet or exceed the
specified minimum security protection requirement (integrity or integrity
and confidentiality) can be used for the session.

Thanks, once again, for your thorough and insightful review comments.

Regards,

Dave Nelson

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Subject: Re: [Isms] RADEXT WG Last Call on NAS
	ManagementAuthorizationSpecification
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: David B. Nelson [mailto:dnelson@elbrysnetworks.com] 
> Sent: Monday, March 31, 2008 1:55 PM
> To: 'David Harrington'; radiusext@ietf.org
> Cc: isms@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: RADEXT WG Last Call on NAS 
> ManagementAuthorizationSpecification
> 
> > section 13:
> > I have made it a practice to identify the specific registries to
be
> > modified, and the specific changes that need to be made to each
> > registry. This is easier for IANA, and removes the chance of IANA
> > misinterpreting what is needed. You say "RADIUS Attributes 
> registry" -
> > is that the RADIUS Attribute Types registry, or the RADIUS
Attribute
> > Values registry, or both?
> 
> Both, which one depending upon context.

My intent was to ask you to spell out in detail which changes you want
made to which registry, and then to this document, so IANA doesn't
have to figure it out.


> > Requested changes:
> > Section 3:
> > OLD: "NETCONF (XML over HTTP/BEEP/SOAP)"
> > NEW: "NETCONF (XML over SSH/BEEP/SOAP)"
> 
> Well, OK, I guess.  Does NETCONF not have a profile for 
> transport over HTTP?
> I'm a bit confused on that point.

RFCs 4742, 43, and 44 defines transports for SSH, SOAP, and BEEP
respectively. There is no separate mapping for HTTP.


> > Isn't HTTPS Framed-Management-Protocol=HTTP plus 
> Transport-Protocol=TLS?
> 
> Yes, but in the -02 revision the 
> Management-Transport-Protocol Attribute has
> been removed, because it seemed like unnecessary 
> over-specification, and
> replaced with the Management-Transport-Protection Attribute.  For
that
> reason, your suggestion doesn't quite work.

Transport-Protocol still shows up in section9, and possibly elsewhere
in -02-.

> 
> > Should we develop acronyms NETCONFS and SNMPS and CLIS so 
> we can just
> > lump the non-secure and secure versions into 
> Configuration-based, and
> > Polling-based names and so on?
> 
> Well, the tradition of RADIUS documents is that we describe 
> how to provision
> existing services using RADIUS Attributes.  We stay away from
actually
> defining the services being provisioned, and simply provide 
> references as
> appropriate.  In that light, I think it might be 
> inappropriate to define new
> acronyms for such services in this document.

I was being sarcastic.

> 
> > section 8.2
> >    The same "No Protection" semantics are conveyed by omitting
this 
> >    attribute from an Access-Accept packet."
> > Why is this the default behavior? Wouldn't it be better to 
> default to
> > full security if the attribute is not present?
> 
> In the interest of backward compatibility, it seems like de 
> default should
> be no security.

I disagree. 


> > Paragraph 3 says if "the policy rules are incorrectly formatted,
the
> > NAS MUST treat the packet as if it had been an Access-Reject."
> > Doesn't this potentially override what the management protocol
says
> > should be done if the rules are incorrectly formatted?
> 
> What management protocol?  Are you alluding to something like 
> the SNMP VACM?

Yes, the implementation of the access control mechanism is the only
thing that willl have enough knowledge of the rules to know if they
are incorrectly formatted. Certainly, the RADIUS client is not
expected to know if VACM rules are incorrectly formatted. I think it
is a "layer violation" to expect the NAS to apply a RADIUS-specific
error responde to a non-RADIUS configuration error. That error should
be detected either when the access control policies are being
configured, e.g. via Netconf or SNMP, or when the policies are being
enforced. The configuration of the access control policies is out of
scope of this document. 

Likewise, if I send a faulty shell script to an interactive shell
interface, I do not expect to get a RADIUS response to this condition;
I expect to get a shell-specific response.

> 
> > If the mgmt protocol defines an error condition for incorrectly 
> > formatted rules, that error won't be sent because the session is 
> > rejected, right?
> 
> Well, this is a bit murky.  Traditionally, RADIUS Servers provision
a
> service to be delivered to the user at the NAS, and the NAS 
> is responsible
> for delivering that service, and not some other.  If the NAS 
> cannot deliver
> the service (and it knows what it is) then traditionally the 
> NAS has been
> required to reject access altogether.   The access protocol 
> may or may not
> have an error channel for the NAS to signal to the user that 
> the service has
> been denied.
> 
> > What happens if it is considered incorrect formatting to have an 
> > empty table of rules, but the operator is trying to gain mgmt
access
> > to set the policy rules into the table?  Would RADIUS even know
> > whether the rules were incorrectly formatted?
> 
> Probably not.  The NAS might know, because the term "NAS" 
> describes the
> entirety of the network device or host device that contains the
RADIUS
> Client.  The RADIUS Client would almost certainly not know.
> 
> In view of this, it may be better or omit the phrase "or the 
> policy rules
> are incorrectly formatted".

Yes. I believe it would be better to drop that clause.

> 
> > section 8.4
> > I don't understand why we need a special
Management-Privilege-Level
> > attribute. This should be able to specified as a named policy in
the
> > Management-Policy-ID, such as "Level 1" and "Level 2", or 
> even "1" and
> > "2" and "3". Implementations simply need to map between the policy
> > name and their  privilege-level policy implementation.
> 
> Well, it's just that sort of "mapping" that this attribute 
> was introduced to
> avoid.  There are a significant number of currently deployed 
> implementations
> that provision CLI access control using an integer-valued 
> parameter.  It is
> what it is.  This is simply an attempt to recognize that practice
and
> provide a way to provision that type of access control via 
> RADIUS.  We are
> not attempting (not should we) to redefine how CLI access 
> control works in
> NASes, just how RADIUS can be use to provision it.

So the "mapping" would simply be to take privelege level policy name
"1" or "Level 1" and run it through an asctoint() function as part of
the processing of management-policy-id.

> 
> > This is a great opportunity to suggest standard names for
privilege 
> > levels, and then vendors can map those standard names to 
> the internal 
> > routines.
> 
> Hmmm...  I think that type of standardization crosses the line into
> "defining the service" and would be out of scope for this 
> document.  I'd
> like to solicit some additional WG comment on this 
> suggestion, before we go
> down that path.

Actually, it is only defining a recommendation for how to "name" the
policies for use with management-policy-id. If we shouldn't be
"defining the service" then I have to question whether we should be
providing this other type of mapping for privilege level. I far as I
can see, either approach is defining recommending naming for a policy;
using privilege-level requires an extra attribute for this specific
policy mechanism; using manageent-policy-id uses a consistent
machanism for identifying policies regardless of management protocol.
My understanding is RADIUS attributes are scarce, so why waste one
unnecessarily?

> 
> > I do not understand "Using the Management-Privilege-Level
attribute 
> > with a Service-Type attribute with a value of NAS-Prompt 
> will have the
> > effect of increasing the minimum  privilege level.  
> Conversely, it is 
> > NOT RECOMMENDED to use this attribute with a Service-Type of
> > Administrative, which may require decreasing the maximum privilege

> > level."
> > How does it increase the minimum privilege level or decrease the
> > maximum security level?
> 
> Well, NAS-Prompt is the non-privileged CLI service and 
> Administrative is the
> privileged CLI service.  While implementations may vary, my 
> understanding is
> that NAS-Prompt has no privileges and Administrative has all 
> privileges
> (like root).  Since there are only two choices, this is 
> pretty much a binary
> thing -- on or off.
> 
> > Wouldn't this simply be implementation-dependent?
> 
> It might be...

So if I set a level of '0' to be exactly the same as NAS-Prompt, and a
level of '16' to be the same as Administrtaive, how does my usage
increase/decrease privileges? What if I set a level of '2' to match
NAS-Prompt, and define new evels 0 and 1 to have even less privilege,
how does using this increase/decrease privileges? It seems to be
implementation-dependent.

>  
> > section 9:
> > I have a concern about protocol versions. What if I want 
> SSHv2 because
> > I don't think SSHv1 is adequate? Should I be able to make the
> > distinction? or is that simply an operator-provisioning task to
> > disallow SSHv1 to the device?
> 
> The ability to specify particular transport protocols has 
> been removed from
> the -02 version, and thus there is no way to specify a 
> particular version of
> a particular transport protocol.  I think this comes down to what is
> necessary and sufficient to solve the "80% problem", i.e. 
> what will work
> sufficiently well in 80% of the possible deployment scenarios 
> and use cases.
> I think we can easily fall into the trap of over-specifying 
> the solution,
> and adding way more complexity than anyone will ever actually use
> (correctly).

Traponsport-Protocol is still in the official version of -02-. See
section 8.2, section #3 and #6, and section 14.

> Well, there's something else wrong with Example 6.  It still uses
the
> removed [Management-]Transport-Protocol attribute.  (There are
several
> examples with this problem.)  I think that this should be revised to
> indicate SNMP access using a particular protection level (i.e.
> Management-Transport-Protection).


> > Should it, or is it intentional to allow any transport 
> protocol to be 
> > used that can provide Confidentiality-Protection?
> 
> It is intended that any transport protocol that can meet or exceed
the
> specified minimum security protection requirement (integrity 
> or integrity
> and confidentiality) can be used for the session.

I have a concern with removing transport-protocol. IPSec can provide a
fully-secured tunnel, but it never authenticates the principal that is
used at the application layer. nor does TLS. SSH provides
user-authentication at a level above transport. If we remove the
operator choice of tunnel protocol, I fear we might under-specify what
is needed to secure a management protocol.

David Harrington
dbharrington@comcast.net
ietfdbh@comcast.net
dharrington@huawei.com


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Subject: Re: [Isms] RADEXT WG Last Call on NAS
	ManagementAuthorizationSpecification
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David Harrington writes...

> My intent was to ask you to spell out in detail which changes you 
> want made to which registry, and then to this document, so IANA 
> doesn't have to figure it out.

Yes, I got that point.  Thanks.  That issue will be clarified in -03.

> RFCs 4742, 43, and 44 defines transports for SSH, SOAP, and BEEP
> respectively. There is no separate mapping for HTTP.

Separate mapping?  I guess I need to learn a bunch more about NTECONF...

> Transport-Protocol still shows up in section 9, and possibly elsewhere
> in -02-.

Yes, but I've indicated that is an error in -02, and I described in a
previous posting to the RADEXT list that it was being removed, and why it
was being removed.  For the sake of comments on -02, please assume it is
gone.

> I was being sarcastic.

Sorry, I couldn't tell.  :-(

> > > Why is this the default behavior? Wouldn't it be better to
> >  > default to full security if the attribute is not present?
> >
> > In the interest of backward compatibility, it seems like de
> > default should be no security.
> 
> I disagree.

You disagree that we should optimize for backward compatibility, or you
disagree that defaulting to fully secure would hinder backwards
compatibility?

> > In view of this, it may be better or omit the phrase "or the
> > policy rules are incorrectly formatted".
> 
> Yes. I believe it would be better to drop that clause.

OK.

> So the "mapping" would simply be to take privilege level policy name
> "1" or "Level 1" and run it through an asctoint() function as part of
> the processing of management-policy-id.

The content of Management-Policy-Id is intended to be a flat name of local
scope.  The only valid operators on this name are strncmp() or
strncasecmp().  That is to say, no transforms are anticipated, other than a
lookup using it as a search key.  Anything else is fraught with
interoperability perils, IMO.

> Actually, it is only defining a recommendation for how to "name" the
> policies for use with management-policy-id.

If we can't (and don't) make such recommendations for the content of
Filter-Id, how could we do so for Management-Policy-Id?

> So if I set a level of '0' to be exactly the same as NAS-Prompt, and a
> level of '16' to be the same as Administrative, how does my usage
> increase/decrease privileges?

For all values of the Management-Privilege-Level attribute (call it X),
where 0 < X < 16, using that attribute in conjunction with a Service-Type
value of NAS-Prompt will elevate the effective CLI privilege level, and
similarly using that attribute in conjunction with a Service-Type value of
Administrative will lower the effective CLI privilege. 
 
> Transport-Protocol is still in the official version of -02-. See
> section 8.2, section #3 and #6, and section 14.

See above.  This is an oversight.

> I have a concern with removing transport-protocol.

Ah, that we can discuss.

> IPSec can provide a fully-secured tunnel, but it never authenticates
> the principal that is used at the application layer. nor does TLS.
> SSH provides user-authentication at a level above transport.

The current proposal, as intended by the -02 draft, is to provision a
minimum security requirement, that the NAS is expected to check and enforce,
as to whether or not the management transport protocol is (a)
integrity-protected (cryptographically check-summed) and (b) confidentiality
protected (encrypted).  In order to implement this proposal, the NAS (not
just the RADIUS Client portion of the NAS) MUST be able to determine if the
required protection is present.  Authentication of the principal is handled
via the traditional authentication mechanisms of RADIUS, and therefore need
not be handled by the secure transport.  It is possible, of course, that the
secure transport participates in providing the principal's identity to the
RADIUS Client for the purpose of authentication.

> If we remove the operator choice of tunnel protocol, I fear we might 
> under-specify what is needed to secure a management protocol.

Let's pursue this a bit.  If we specify the tunnel protocol, then we also
need to specify other properties.  Bernard Aboba pointed that out in his
commentary on the -01 draft.  We then specify the authentication mechanism.
This could involve specification of optional cipher suites.  We could
specify certificates, types of certificates, and certificate authorities,
etc.  This can get very complicated, very fast.  Do we really want or need
to go there?  :-)

My answer to Bernard's commentary was to step back and try to discern what
problem we really needed to solve.  While specifying all the security
properties and options of the secure transport protocol and its support
ecosystem may be needed in some environments, I think it is not required in
the vast majority of environments.  Let's solve a simple problem that we can
solve well, and then see if further work is needed later on, once we have
some deployment experience.

Knowing that your principal has been authenticated (and authorized) and that
the management session is protected from tampering and disclosure is
probably all that the RADIUS Server, and the system administrator, need to
provision.  Additional details, such as a list of acceptable tunnel
protocols, cipher suites, certificate chains, etc, can be provisioned on the
NAS in an implementation-specific fashion.

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From: "David Harrington" <ietfdbh@comcast.net>
To: <isms@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2008 19:47:46 -0400
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Subject: [Isms] WGLC: draft-ietf-isms-radius-usage-02
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Hi,

I have reviewed this document. Comments below.

<overall>
I found the text within the document well-written, and much more
compatible with other ISMS documents than I recall was true of
previous versions. There is still much work to be done however.

I found the document a little hard to read because background info on
RADIUS, info on the managament-policy-id related attributes, and the
mapping to SNMP are all mushed together. Throughout the document there
are clauses/phrases such as "as defined in this document" and "as
described herein" that are effectively forward references to a
discussion of the management-policy-id attributes which is done
somewhat late in the document. I found this style irritating. Why not
tell us what the attributes are early on, and then you don't need all
the "as defined later in this document" phrases.

In discussing the mapping to SNMP, PLEASE assume that the
management-policy-id has already been accepted by the IETF. It makes
no sense to publish this document if that is not true, so the status
of the attributes should not need to be endlessly qualified - just
assume they are approved. That measn a lot of the phrases like "RADIUS
servers compliant to this specification" can just be reduced to
"RADIUS servers".

So, I recommend the document have sections 1) introduction to standard
RADIUS, 2) introduction to the management-policy-id and related
attributes, and THEN discuss the mapping to SNMP (Actually, I would be
fine with having the first two combined or possibly eliminated).

I think this document should be written as one of multiple mapping
documents for the management-policy-id and related attributes, and it
should be expected that a mapping document will be done at some point
for Netconf, the CLI, and potentially other interfaces. State that
readers of this "mapping" document should already be aware of how
RADIUS works, and the management-related attributes. If you do this,
you can probably eliminate most of the tutorial for RADIUS and the
management-related attributes and just focus on doing the mapping to
SNMP.
</overall>

1. I recommend moving the "Requirements language" text into a section,
possibly under Introduction.

section 1.1 - we don't have modules in ISMS, we have models and
subsystems.
s/secure transport module/secure transport model/
s/modules/models/ or s/modules/subsystems/
I'm sure there are more uses of module in this document. They should
be replaced accordingly.

section 1.2 says "An Access-Reject message indicates unsuccessful
authentication." Does it also indicate an unsuccessful authorization?

section 2 says 
   "Service authorization allows a RADIUS server to authorize an
   authenticated principal to use SNMP over a specific secure
Transport
   Model.  
I think that is incorrect. The attributes we intend to use here
authorize the use of a service for Framed-Management, the
Framed-Management-Protocol to use (SNMP), a Managament-Policy-ID (such
as "Operator"), and a level of Transport-Protection. Apparently,
radext will not permit us to select the transport-protocol, and they
certainly will not allow us to specify a spewcific SNMP transport
model. Right?

section 2 discusses PAM; how do RADIUS servers in a Windows
environment do this? Is there a Windows equivalent?

s/rely of/rely on/

section 2.1
"Specific attributes for use with SNMP Transport Models are
recommended in this document." I don't think this document should be
used to make recommendations of specific RADIUS attributes. This
document should simply be about how to use the management-related
attributes that are defined, in an SNMP environment.

s/"RADIUS servers, compliant to this specification, MAY use RADIUS
hint
   attributes, as described herein, to inform the decision whether to
   accept or reject the authentication request."/
   RADIUS servers MAY use RADIUS hint attributes to inform the
decision 
   whether to accept or reject the authentication request."/
OR
   RADIUS servers MAY use the management-related hint attributes to
inform 
   the decision whether to accept or reject the authentication request
for
   the SNMP service." 
(but isn't the hint really part of an authorizarion request rather
than an authentication request? I might be able to authenticate who I
am, but still not get approval to access the SNMP service.")

section 2.2 eliminate the sentence 
"   Specific attributes for use with SNMP Transport Models are
   recommended in this document."

"   The following RADIUS attributes MAY be optionally used, to
authorize
   use of SNMP over the default UDP transport protocol (no privacy):"
What transport model calls RADIUS to authenticate a UDP session? This
is news to me.

"   The following RADIUS attributes are used to limit the extent of a
   secure transport session carrying SNMP traffic, in conjunction with
   an SNMP Transport Model:

   1.  Session-Timeout
   2.  Inactivity-Timeout."
What transport model does this? I haven't seen one use these. 
I think this is between RADIUS and the transport protocol that is
using RADIUS, such as SSH. I don't think SNMP has anything to do with
this, and there is no place in the ISMS architecture to specify these
values. I am not sure they should be discussed in this document.

Is this Inactivity-Timeout related to the Idle-Timeout mentioned
later?

section 2.4. I think the authorization attributes provided by RADIUS
should probably be captured as part of the LCD, as part of
transport-specific information.

section 3 shoul dbe part of the introduction to RADIUS and the
management related attributes. It seems out of place here.


section 5
s/Threats and security issues for
   this application are described in [RFC3579] and [RFC3580]; "
/Threats and security issues for
   RADIUS are described in [RFC3579] and [RFC3580];/ 

Paragraph three discusses selecting SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c. I think the
discussion of using RADIUS with these needs further discussion.
Currently, SNMPv1 can be used with an SSH tunnel, with no transport
model to provide a binding; we might deveop a transport model with a
binding. The RADIUS attributes for managament, however, may not allow
us to choose which transport model or even which transport protocol,
and under those conditions, I don't know what we have for security
with an SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c (or SNMPv3) message, since we may have no
transport model to provide a mapping between the transport layer
credentials and the SNMP-specific securityModel/Name/Level.

The "this may not be expected" would probably be better phrased as
"the authenticated identity used for securityName will not be the
identity authenticated by RADIUS".

David Harrington
dbharrington@comcast.net
ietfdbh@comcast.net
dharrington@huawei.com


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