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From: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
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To: Nicolas.Williams@sun.com (Nicolas Williams)
Date: Thu, 4 Nov 2004 22:33:09 +0100 (MET)
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Subject: Re: Single canonical names
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> On Mon, Oct 25, 2004 at 04:36:25PM -0400, Sam Hartman wrote:
> > >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:
> > 
> >     Nicolas> Also, for default name, think of the MIT krb5 ccache.  It
> >     Nicolas> can store tickets for more than one client principal, but
> >     Nicolas> the ccache file format specifies a default principal name
> >     Nicolas> so that even if one does store tickets for multiple
> >     Nicolas> different client principals it is always clear which to
> >     Nicolas> use when not explicitly requesting one or another name.
> > 
> > Remember the thread on krbdev where we proposed to drop that and use
> > the best match principal for the service in question.
> 
> That does not change the fact that one could (and one implementor has)
> treated Kerberos credentials in that way.  This helps me view the
> Kerberos V mechanism as not so different from x.509 certificate-based
> mechanisms w.r.t. to credentials having multiple names associated with
> them.

As I mentioned in my last Email, a gss-api credential may be composed
of several credentials for seperate mechanisms.  However for a single
mechanism, a GSS-API credential may refer only to one single identity
(principal,name).

It is OK if a gssapi mechanism allows an application to select
a particular credential out of a set, depending on either an explicit
name supplied by the application or a locally configured default
when the application calls gss_acquire_cred().  However when
the gss_acquire_cred() returns, the mechanism does not yet know
to which target the application is going to authenticate, however
the decision to which identity the returned credentials handle
refers must have been made and is irreversible.

A spec weasel might try to loophole the case where gss_init_sec_context()
is called with GSS_S_NO_CREDENTIAL, but an application may prefer to
use seperate calls for the distinct purposes (so that a credential-related
error will be caught and reported before a network connection has been
established -- usually gss_init_sec_context() will be called after
a network connection has been established, and if it fails, the app
will have to close the network connection and leave the server in
the dark why it rattled the door...  And if you really care about
servers, then you shouldn't write clients that behave like that.


-Martin

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On Thu, Nov 04, 2004 at 10:33:09PM +0100, Martin Rex wrote:
> As I mentioned in my last Email, a gss-api credential may be composed
> of several credentials for seperate mechanisms.  However for a single
> mechanism, a GSS-API credential may refer only to one single identity
> (principal,name).

A given *CREDENTIAL HANDLE*, yes.  But looking a t a very specific kind
of credential, a PKI cert, it's clear that it may respond to several
names.  My point is that it'd be nice if the app could deal with that
and pick one name, rather than leave the selection to a spec or to local
configuration.

One way to do this would be through an abstraction of the "credential
store" -- think of a function to acquire all the credentials that are in
the "curren credential store."

Nico
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On Thu, Nov 04, 2004 at 04:16:50PM -0600, Nicolas Williams wrote:
> On Thu, Nov 04, 2004 at 10:33:09PM +0100, Martin Rex wrote:
> > As I mentioned in my last Email, a gss-api credential may be composed
> > of several credentials for seperate mechanisms.  However for a single
> > mechanism, a GSS-API credential may refer only to one single identity
> > (principal,name).
> 
> A given *CREDENTIAL HANDLE*, yes.  But looking a t a very specific kind
> of credential, a PKI cert, it's clear that it may respond to several
> names.  My point is that it'd be nice if the app could deal with that
> and pick one name, rather than leave the selection to a spec or to local
> configuration.
> 
> One way to do this would be through an abstraction of the "credential
> store" -- think of a function to acquire all the credentials that are in
> the "curren credential store."

Sam points out that then one could not distinguish between a pair of
credential handles that correspond to different names of the same
credential, which for a GSS equivalent of the 'klist' command would be a
pretty annoying problem.  An alternative to this interface that we've
discussed has a different problem.  We may need both.

Nico
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Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
> >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:
> 
>     Nicolas> Also, for default name, think of the MIT krb5 ccache.  It
>     Nicolas> can store tickets for more than one client principal, but
>     Nicolas> the ccache file format specifies a default principal name
>     Nicolas> so that even if one does store tickets for multiple
>     Nicolas> different client principals it is always clear which to
>     Nicolas> use when not explicitly requesting one or another name.
> 
> Remember the thread on krbdev where we proposed to drop that and use
> the best match principal for the service in question.

Actually that would break the GSS-API abstraction.  A GSS-API credential
may have mechanis-specific names, it may NOT have target-specific names.

-Martin

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From: Sam Hartman <hartmans@mit.edu>
Date: Thu, 04 Nov 2004 17:00:59 -0500
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>>>>> "Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:

    Martin> Sam Hartman wrote:
    >>  >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
    >> writes:
    >> 
    Nicolas> Also, for default name, think of the MIT krb5 ccache.  It
    Nicolas> can store tickets for more than one client principal, but
    Nicolas> the ccache file format specifies a default principal name
    Nicolas> so that even if one does store tickets for multiple
    Nicolas> different client principals it is always clear which to
    Nicolas> use when not explicitly requesting one or another name.
    >>  Remember the thread on krbdev where we proposed to drop that
    >> and use the best match principal for the service in question.

    Martin> Actually that would break the GSS-API abstraction.  A
    Martin> GSS-API credential may have mechanis-specific names, it
    Martin> may NOT have target-specific names.

Yes.  It's clear that the intent of the spec is consistent with what
you are saying.  

It seems like GSSAPI V2 has the requirement that if I export the name
I get from my default credentials, that needs to be the same as the
name I get by exporting the name from my context established with
those credentials.


Thanks for pointing this out.  I had previously convinced myself that
if I went through enough contortions in how I defined what name types
were used that I could get the behavior I want.


--Sam

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From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
To: Sam Hartman <hartmans@mit.edu>
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On Thu, Nov 04, 2004 at 05:00:59PM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> Thanks for pointing this out.  I had previously convinced myself that
> if I went through enough contortions in how I defined what name types
> were used that I could get the behavior I want.

I think of GSS name types as much like Kerberos V name types: hints,
except that in the GSS case they can determine the "query" syntax for
that name type.

Nico
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> On Mon, Oct 25, 2004 at 02:53:16PM -0400, Sam Hartman wrote:
> > To be useful you need to standardize which name you pick as the
> > canonical name from a cert.
> 
> For a given query form.

Which part is insufficient, you need to specify much more ...

consider the following existing variants:

1.  /C=US/OU=org2/OU=org1/O=Foo, Inc./CN=John Doe
2.  C=US, OU=org2, OU=org1, O="Foo, Inc.", CN=John Doe
3.  cn=John Doe, o="Foo, Inc.", ou=org1, ou=org2, c=US
4.  CN=John Doe, O="Foo, Inc.", OU=org1, OU=org2, C=US
5.  CN=John Doe, O="Foo, Inc.", OU=org2, OU=org1, C=US

Whether 4. and 5. should be considered equivalent is the most
interesting question.  There are very few (if any) products that
will apply a sorting order to RDNs (and those that do, what
might be the result when those compare 4. and 5.?). 

 
Just look at SPKM (rfc2025).  The spec is hardly sufficient to
come up with useful wire-interoperable implementations, but
the lack of a standardized name format makes is quite useless as
a standard because it will not fly in a heterogeneous distributed
environment.

I know several independent implementations of rfc-2025, and neither
two are fully interoperable on names.

But actually there appear to be more proprietary variants that are loosely
based on rfc-2025 than there are true rfc-2025 implementations.  Still,
no two products that I've encountered are fully interoperable on names.

There's limited interoperability on the printable INput, and zero
interoperability on the binary canonical form.  In this respect,
the rfc1964 gssapi mechanism is magnitudes better, as it defines
the canonical encoding and a mandatory printable representation.


-Martin

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(I'm a little behind on my Email...)

Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
> To be useful you need to standardize which name you pick as the
> canonical name from a cert.

I believe it is possible to come up with a single standard about
name mapping for X.509 certs.  X.509 is magnitudes to "flexible"
and Companies are magnitudes to "creative" when setting up
PKIs and their own CAs, including a lot of fancy information
in the DNs that just make life harder for software and admins
which are being faced with those names through APIs for secure
authentication...

The best thing would be to have it configurable for the software
which components are used to make up a distinct name at the
authentication API -- however that creates the problem of how
one creates a homogeneous installation with the same configuration...

(Having a single standard which can be preconfigured/hardcoded
makes software maintenance&distribution so much easier).


>
> Also, the compatibility issue is not just about whether you have
> something to return.  The issue also includes the question of whether
> a gssapi v2 application that uses gss_export_name as intended by the
> v2 spec will get the desired behavior.
> 
> If you pick some arbitrary mapping then you may have an implementable
> protocol but you will not have a protocol that meets users' needs.


You underestimate the "creativity" of customers.  A while ago I had
a customer asking why our software didn't include their particular
altSubjectName extension in the ACLs for authentication with
SSL client certs in our software.  He indicated that his CA might
issue distinct certs that would only differ in the contents of
their special altSubjectName extension and not in the contents
of the DN itself.

Well, I had to explain him that I'm sorry, but we wouldn't support
that, and I suggested that they better fix their CA, because there
are certificate profiles (like rfc2459) which clearly state that
a CA issuing certs with non-empty subjectDNs must issue unique
subjectDNs for certs identifying distict end entities.


-Martin


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Section 3.2 (d) (I) is garbled.  

 Based on 3.2 (b) I don't understand how you ever get to rule 3.2 (d)
 (I) (3).  I believe the bug is in 3.2 (b) because I believe you should
 be able to get to this rule.


 In section 3.2 you claim:

    On receipt of a negotiation token on the target side, a GSS-API
       implementation that does not support negotiation would indicate
       the
          GSS_S_BAD_MECH status as if a particular basic security
       mechanism had
          been requested but was not supported.

That's actually not true; a mechanism could just as easily return
GSS_S_BAD_TOKEN in this state.  Actually there is a possibility
involving non-standards-track mechanisms that look a lot like the
SPNEGO mechanism where you could get other responses as well, but that
will not happen in practie.



There seem to be several significant semantic changes I'd like to call to the attention of the IETF.  I believe we need explicit consensus for these changes:

1) The use of optimistic negotiation is promoted to a SHOULD.  This
    simplifies the description of the protocol because you can
    generally assume that the client does support including the
    optimistic token.

2) The mechanism requires that all target mechs support integrity
    protection.  This is a significant change and is
    non-backward-compatible.


3) prot_ready is forbidden.  I believe this is required for things to
   work out correctly.

4) There is complexity to support omitting the MIC when appropriate.
   I'm not sure this is correct; I need to actually go through the
   same reasoning that Larry and the other Microsoft folks did.

5) The API in SPNEGO for determining what set of credentials you
   support is dropped and replaced with a reference to Nico's draft.

I'd like to suggest the following improvements to the draft:

1) Write an explanation of what's going on with the safe to omit MIC
   stuff that is sufficient for the rest of us to convince ourselves
   it is secure.

2) Write an explanation of what Windows 2000 did that is sufficient
   for us to confirm the claim in Appendix A that this should
   interoperate





3) Describe what the MIC is an encoding of; I think this is still
   unclear.

4) Describe when (if ever) you can take advantage of the extensibility
   markers you've added.


I think this is a great start on a new SPNEGO spec.


--Sam

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To: hartmans@mit.edu (Sam Hartman)
Date: Mon, 25 Oct 2004 21:22:13 +0200 (MET DST)
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Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
>  In section 3.2 you claim:
> 
>     On receipt of a negotiation token on the target side, a GSS-API
>     implementation that does not support negotiation would indicate
>     the GSS_S_BAD_MECH status as if a particular basic security
>     mechanism had been requested but was not supported.
> 
> That's actually not true; a mechanism could just as easily return
> GSS_S_BAD_TOKEN in this state.  Actually there is a possibility
> involving non-standards-track mechanisms that look a lot like the
> SPNEGO mechanism where you could get other responses as well, but that
> will not happen in practice.

I'm sorry to disagree with you, Sam, but the quote paragraph seems
to be perfectly correct.

The initial context token MUST use the generic framing with the
mechanism OID for the precise reason that a gssapi mechanism will
be able to recognize whether it supports communication with the
peer or not.  If not, then GSS_S_BAD_MECH is the required
major status response.

Btw. GSS_S_BAD_TOKEN does not exist, did you mean GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN?
If mechanism does not recognize the SPNEGO mechanism OID, then it can
not know what the rest of the token means, so GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN
would be a mere guess and probably the wrong guess in 99.8%.
So it is not only prohibited to return GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN,
it is also a pretty bad idea.


> 
> There seem to be several significant semantic changes I'd like
> to call to the attention of the IETF.  I believe we need explicit
> consensus for these changes:
> 
> 1) The use of optimistic negotiation is promoted to a SHOULD.  This
>     simplifies the description of the protocol because you can
>     generally assume that the client does support including the
>     optimistic token.

The reasoning is maybe that Microsoft has architected some protocols
with SPNEGO that need it badly (it must fail without optimistic
negotiation because the embedding protocol doesn't support an
additional round trip...).

When Denis Pinkas originally proposes SNEGO (without P for "protected")
they had a free sample implementation.  They didn't need the "P" for
their purposes back then, and I think they also didn't need the
optimistic negotiation either.

I have strong reservations against a SHOULD instead of a MAY, because
in the next round someone could try to turn this into a MUST, and
I definitely don't ever want to see a MUST there!

One of the easiest approaches to test whether an embedding protocol
that uses SPNEGO isn't entirely broken is to switch off the optimistic
token (adding another roundtrip to the security context establishment)
and checking whether everything still works just as smooth as it
is required to by the existing spec (which, as I mentioned, isn't true
for some uses architected by Microsoft).

SPGENO is only useful when it is allowed to negotiate, i.e. when it
is allowed to add round-trips to the security context exchange to
accomodate the negotiation.  If the embedding protocol doesn't have
provisions to accomodate that, then it is pointless to call SPNEGO,
it just adds complexity with zero value.

Essentially what I wanted to say:  The benefit of the optimistic token
should be obvious to implementors of SPNEGO.  The absence does not give
applications the permission to fail.  Technically, the MAY is perfectly
sufficient.


> 
> 2) The mechanism requires that all target mechs support integrity
>     protection.  This is a significant change and is
>     non-backward-compatible.

Wasn't that already sufficiently addressed in the security considerations
of the existing spec?  I do NOT see a need to require integrity protection
either.

> 
> 3) prot_ready is forbidden.  I believe this is required for things to
>    work out correctly.

prot_ready was never easy, not even for the regular GSS-API.

The problem with prot_ready is the message sequencing interference
of SPNEGO's use of the get_mic() primitive with the applications
use of message protection facilities.

Except for the situation where the optimistic negotiation is used,
security context establishment consists of at most 2 token exchanges
and actually succeeds -- in all other situations the would be interference.


... and I need to read the document before commenting on the rest.

-Martin

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>>>>> "Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:

    Martin> Sam Hartman wrote:
    >>  In section 3.2 you claim:
    >> 
    >> On receipt of a negotiation token on the target side, a GSS-API
    >> implementation that does not support negotiation would indicate
    >> the GSS_S_BAD_MECH status as if a particular basic security
    >> mechanism had been requested but was not supported.
    >> 
    >> That's actually not true; a mechanism could just as easily
    >> return GSS_S_BAD_TOKEN in this state.  Actually there is a
    >> possibility involving non-standards-track mechanisms that look
    >> a lot like the SPNEGO mechanism where you could get other
    >> responses as well, but that will not happen in practice.

    Martin> I'm sorry to disagree with you, Sam, but the quote
    Martin> paragraph seems to be perfectly correct.

    Martin> The initial context token MUST use the generic framing
    Martin> with the mechanism OID for the precise reason that a
    Martin> gssapi mechanism will be able to recognize whether it
    Martin> supports communication with the peer or not.  

Section 3.1 of RFC 2743 requires a specific context token framing for
IETF standards-track mechanisms.  However no such requirement is made
for non-standards-track mechanisms.  We're aware of non-standards
track mechanisms that do not use the framing described in this
section.

If the default mechanism happens not to be a standards-track
mechanism, it seems unreasonable to require that mechanism to
understand the IETF framing.  Moreover in particularly pathalogical
cases, the non-standards-track mechanism may have a context token that
conflicts in semantics with the IETF framing.  I believe this will
never happen in practice.

  However
    Martin> If not, then
    Martin> GSS_S_BAD_MECH is the required major status response.


Can you cite part of RFC 2743 that supports this claim?  The closest I
can find is section 2.2.2.  That section says that

   o  GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN indicates that consistency checks
   performed
      on the input_token failed, preventing further processing from
   being
      performed based on that token.
      

         o  GSS_S_BAD_MECH indicates receipt of a context
         establishment token
            specifying a mechanism unsupported by the local system or
         with the
            caller's active credentials.
            


I think both of these return status seem appropriate in the case where
the token does not correspond to the mechanism ID passed into
gss_accept_sec_context.  Our implementation returns
GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN because the consistency check of confirming the
OID in the token header matches the expected value fails.  I suspect
other implementations return GSS_S_BAD_MECH.

I'd agree with a proposal to require that standards-track mechanisms
(or other mechanisms that use the IETF framing described in section
3.2) return GSS_S_BAD_MECH in this case.  However absent text in the
standard to the contrary, such a proposal would be a
change/clarification of current behavior.

--Sam


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To: hartmans@mit.edu (Sam Hartman)
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Ooops -- blush.  You're correct, Sam.

Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
>     Martin> The initial context token MUST use the generic framing
>     Martin> with the mechanism OID for the precise reason that a
>     Martin> gssapi mechanism will be able to recognize whether it
>     Martin> supports communication with the peer or not.  
> 
> Section 3.1 of RFC 2743 requires a specific context token framing for
> IETF standards-track mechanisms.  However no such requirement is made
> for non-standards-track mechanisms.  We're aware of non-standards
> track mechanisms that do not use the framing described in this
> section.

And if I'm not mistaken, then there is actually a large installed base
of an SPNEGO implementation that may send security context tokens
from a non-IETF "mechanism" which does not use the generic
token framing.  That "mechanism" is also known as
Microsoft "NT Lan Manager" (NTLM).


So you're correct, implementations of SPNEGO that receive an initial
security context token from a non-IETF (gssapi) mechanism that lacks
the generic framing will likely return GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN rather
than GSS_S_BAD_MECHANISM.


-Martin

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>>>>> "Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:

    >>  3) prot_ready is forbidden.  I believe this is required for
    >> things to work out correctly.

    Martin> prot_ready was never easy, not even for the regular
    Martin> GSS-API.

    Martin> The problem with prot_ready is the message sequencing
    Martin> interference of SPNEGO's use of the get_mic() primitive
    Martin> with the applications use of message protection
    Martin> facilities.

    Martin> Except for the situation where the optimistic negotiation
    Martin> is used, security context establishment consists of at
    Martin> most 2 token exchanges and actually succeeds -- in all
    Martin> other situations the would be interference.

I think we're in agreement here.


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Thread-Topic: Comments on Larry's SPNEGO draft
Thread-Index: AcS6yFx2LAjLFagdTNqp7pLdI4k5dwACr/DQ
From: "Liqiang(Larry) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
To: <martin.rex@sap.com>, "Sam Hartman" <hartmans@mit.edu>
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Subject: RE: Comments on Larry's SPNEGO draft
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Martin Rex wrote,
> Except for the situation where the optimistic negotiation is used,=20
> security context establishment consists of at most 2 >=20
> token exchanges and actually succeeds -- in all other situations the=20
> would be interference.

This is incorrect when you use user2user. GSSAPI-CFX has updated RFC
1964 to allow Kerberos mechanisms with 3+ tokens.

About whether we should demote the "SHOULD" on the optimistic token, I
will need to talk with Wyllys and Nico, to see if we should settle on
the protocol such that the "basic form" of the protocol is actually what
we use. Right now, we are deploying an "optional" form of the 2478
SPENGO, and if what is also what Sun does, it means this draft has done
the right thing. Do you agree?=20


-- larry


-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Martin Rex
Sent: Monday, October 25, 2004 12:22 PM
To: Sam Hartman
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Comments on Larry's SPNEGO draft

Sam Hartman wrote:
>=20
>  In section 3.2 you claim:
>=20
>     On receipt of a negotiation token on the target side, a GSS-API
>     implementation that does not support negotiation would indicate
>     the GSS_S_BAD_MECH status as if a particular basic security
>     mechanism had been requested but was not supported.
>=20
> That's actually not true; a mechanism could just as easily return=20
> GSS_S_BAD_TOKEN in this state.  Actually there is a possibility=20
> involving non-standards-track mechanisms that look a lot like the=20
> SPNEGO mechanism where you could get other responses as well, but that

> will not happen in practice.

I'm sorry to disagree with you, Sam, but the quote paragraph seems to be
perfectly correct.

The initial context token MUST use the generic framing with the
mechanism OID for the precise reason that a gssapi mechanism will be
able to recognize whether it supports communication with the peer or
not.  If not, then GSS_S_BAD_MECH is the required major status response.

Btw. GSS_S_BAD_TOKEN does not exist, did you mean GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN?
If mechanism does not recognize the SPNEGO mechanism OID, then it can
not know what the rest of the token means, so GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN
would be a mere guess and probably the wrong guess in 99.8%.
So it is not only prohibited to return GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN, it is also
a pretty bad idea.


>=20
> There seem to be several significant semantic changes I'd like to call

> to the attention of the IETF.  I believe we need explicit consensus=20
> for these changes:
>=20
> 1) The use of optimistic negotiation is promoted to a SHOULD.  This
>     simplifies the description of the protocol because you can
>     generally assume that the client does support including the
>     optimistic token.

The reasoning is maybe that Microsoft has architected some protocols
with SPNEGO that need it badly (it must fail without optimistic
negotiation because the embedding protocol doesn't support an additional
round trip...).

When Denis Pinkas originally proposes SNEGO (without P for "protected")
they had a free sample implementation.  They didn't need the "P" for
their purposes back then, and I think they also didn't need the
optimistic negotiation either.

I have strong reservations against a SHOULD instead of a MAY, because in
the next round someone could try to turn this into a MUST, and I
definitely don't ever want to see a MUST there!

One of the easiest approaches to test whether an embedding protocol that
uses SPNEGO isn't entirely broken is to switch off the optimistic token
(adding another roundtrip to the security context establishment) and
checking whether everything still works just as smooth as it is required
to by the existing spec (which, as I mentioned, isn't true for some uses
architected by Microsoft).

SPGENO is only useful when it is allowed to negotiate, i.e. when it is
allowed to add round-trips to the security context exchange to
accomodate the negotiation.  If the embedding protocol doesn't have
provisions to accomodate that, then it is pointless to call SPNEGO, it
just adds complexity with zero value.

Essentially what I wanted to say:  The benefit of the optimistic token
should be obvious to implementors of SPNEGO.  The absence does not give
applications the permission to fail.  Technically, the MAY is perfectly
sufficient.


>=20
> 2) The mechanism requires that all target mechs support integrity
>     protection.  This is a significant change and is
>     non-backward-compatible.

Wasn't that already sufficiently addressed in the security
considerations of the existing spec?  I do NOT see a need to require
integrity protection either.

>=20
> 3) prot_ready is forbidden.  I believe this is required for things to
>    work out correctly.

prot_ready was never easy, not even for the regular GSS-API.

The problem with prot_ready is the message sequencing interference of
SPNEGO's use of the get_mic() primitive with the applications use of
message protection facilities.

Except for the situation where the optimistic negotiation is used,
security context establishment consists of at most 2 token exchanges and
actually succeeds -- in all other situations the would be interference.


... and I need to read the document before commenting on the rest.

-Martin

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My thoughts on the new SPNEGO draft...

Many of my comments are editorial, just trying to make it easier to read.
The original SPNEGO RFC was very difficult to read and follow in many places
and we should strive to make this draft easier to read and thus to implement.

Where are the SOMIC rules?  Is that a separate document or something?

-Wyllys Ingersoll


3.1 paragraph 3 -
    Seems contradictory when read the first time, could it be rewritten to be a little.
    clearer ?
    My suggestion...

	   The first negotiation token sent by the acceptor contains the result
	   of the negotiation (accept_completed, accept_incomplete or reject)
	   and, in case of accept, the agreed security mechanism.   If the first
	   proposed mechanism from the initiator was selected and the initiator
	   included an initial mechanism token, the response MUST include the
	   response mechanism token.   Otherwise, the target will not emit a
            response mechanism token in the first reply.


3.2 (d)(I)
     Would it add security if the GSS_GetMIC covered other fields from the
     NegTokenInit such as the reqFlags?

3.2 (d)(I)(2) garbled and unnecessarily verbose...
      Rewrite suggestion...
           2) If the initiator's preferred mechanism is accepted and
             policy exists on the target such that a different
             mechanism couuld have been selected given a different list of
             mechanisms, GSS_Accept_sec_context() MUST indicate
             GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED with the accept_incomplete state, and
             a MIC MUST be generated by the target.  This MIC is to be
             verified by the initiator and the result will be sent back
             to the acceptor.  This is referred in this document as the
             Safe to Omit MIC (SOMIC) rule number 2.  The resulting
             negotiation token MUST include the security token if one is
             returned by the selected mechanism.

3.2 (d) (III)
     s/mechanism is sent/mechanism was sent/
     s/token need to be transferred/token needs to be transferred/
     s/establish the context,/establish the context./

3.2 (e) - is this paragraph necessary?  All of the scenarios from 3.2 (d)
      already explain that the target app must return the negotiation token to the
      intiator.

3.2 (f) (III)
      When you say "deposit the security token" - what does this mean, where is
      it being deposited?  The rest of this section is a little unclear as well.
      suggestion...

          When the negotiation token carries a reject result with a
          response security token, the initiator MUST deposit the
          security token.  GSS_Init_sec_context() MUST indicate a
          failure status as reported by the underlying mechanism, and the
          mech_type output parameter from GSS_Init_sec_context must
          indicate the mechanism that was rejected.

3.2 (f) (IV)
       s/complete context establishment,/complete context establishment./

3.2 (f) (V)
       s/mechanism token/mechanism tokens/
       s/establishment, the/establishment. The/

3.2 (h) Perhaps clarify that the "mech_type" output param is for the
     GSS_Init_sec_context call.  Its easy to become disoriented with all of the
     various talk of "mech types" being passed around.

4.2.2 paragraph 6 under "negResult" is a little confusing.
      suggestion...

          For those targets that support piggybacking the initial
          mechToken, an optimistic negotiation response is possible. This
          response includes a responseToken which MAY continue the
          authentication exchange (e.g.  when mutual authentication has
          been requested or when unilateral authentication requires
          several round trips).  Otherwise the responseToken is used to
          carry the tokens specific to the mechanism selected.

4.2.2 paragraph 7 - The MIC should include the reqFlags as well as the MechTypes.

Appendix A paragraph 1
       s/should be ale/should be able/














Under what circumstance would an app NOT do optimistic negotiation?  I'm
sure there are examples, but maybe it would be good to document a situation
where optimistic negotiation could not be used.


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Thread-Topic: SPNEGO draft comments
thread-index: AcS94cE9cDGCNna8SUaHm7qvcu5F3AAKX3iw
From: "Liqiang(Larry) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
To: "Wyllys Ingersoll" <wyllys.ingersoll@sun.com>, <kitten@ietf.org>,
	"Sam Hartman" <hartmans@mit.edu>
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Wyllys, Sam, and Martin provided excellent comments; some of the points
raised are somewhat controversial.=20

Since this is the first version, I suggest that I would compile a list
of issues so far and try to arrange hall-way meetings at Washington DC
with Wyllys, Sam, and Martin and go over the list in person.  Martin,
are you going to meet us at the DC?

Any other folks who are interested in the discussion are welcome to
join, in that case, please drop me an email.

I would expect the next version that is based on these comments should
be out shortly after IETF61.

Thanks,


-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Wyllys Ingersoll
Sent: Friday, October 29, 2004 10:51 AM
To: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: SPNEGO draft comments


My thoughts on the new SPNEGO draft...

Many of my comments are editorial, just trying to make it easier to
read.
The original SPNEGO RFC was very difficult to read and follow in many
places and we should strive to make this draft easier to read and thus
to implement.

Where are the SOMIC rules?  Is that a separate document or something?

-Wyllys Ingersoll


3.1 paragraph 3 -
    Seems contradictory when read the first time, could it be rewritten
to be a little.
    clearer ?
    My suggestion...

	   The first negotiation token sent by the acceptor contains the
result
	   of the negotiation (accept_completed, accept_incomplete or
reject)
	   and, in case of accept, the agreed security mechanism.   If
the first
	   proposed mechanism from the initiator was selected and the
initiator
	   included an initial mechanism token, the response MUST
include the
	   response mechanism token.   Otherwise, the target will not
emit a
            response mechanism token in the first reply.


3.2 (d)(I)
     Would it add security if the GSS_GetMIC covered other fields from
the
     NegTokenInit such as the reqFlags?

3.2 (d)(I)(2) garbled and unnecessarily verbose...
      Rewrite suggestion...
           2) If the initiator's preferred mechanism is accepted and
             policy exists on the target such that a different
             mechanism couuld have been selected given a different list
of
             mechanisms, GSS_Accept_sec_context() MUST indicate
             GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED with the accept_incomplete state, and
             a MIC MUST be generated by the target.  This MIC is to be
             verified by the initiator and the result will be sent back
             to the acceptor.  This is referred in this document as the
             Safe to Omit MIC (SOMIC) rule number 2.  The resulting
             negotiation token MUST include the security token if one is
             returned by the selected mechanism.

3.2 (d) (III)
     s/mechanism is sent/mechanism was sent/
     s/token need to be transferred/token needs to be transferred/
     s/establish the context,/establish the context./

3.2 (e) - is this paragraph necessary?  All of the scenarios from 3.2
(d)
      already explain that the target app must return the negotiation
token to the
      intiator.

3.2 (f) (III)
      When you say "deposit the security token" - what does this mean,
where is
      it being deposited?  The rest of this section is a little unclear
as well.
      suggestion...

          When the negotiation token carries a reject result with a
          response security token, the initiator MUST deposit the
          security token.  GSS_Init_sec_context() MUST indicate a
          failure status as reported by the underlying mechanism, and
the
          mech_type output parameter from GSS_Init_sec_context must
          indicate the mechanism that was rejected.

3.2 (f) (IV)
       s/complete context establishment,/complete context
establishment./

3.2 (f) (V)
       s/mechanism token/mechanism tokens/
       s/establishment, the/establishment. The/

3.2 (h) Perhaps clarify that the "mech_type" output param is for the
     GSS_Init_sec_context call.  Its easy to become disoriented with all
of the
     various talk of "mech types" being passed around.

4.2.2 paragraph 6 under "negResult" is a little confusing.
      suggestion...

          For those targets that support piggybacking the initial
          mechToken, an optimistic negotiation response is possible.
This
          response includes a responseToken which MAY continue the
          authentication exchange (e.g.  when mutual authentication has
          been requested or when unilateral authentication requires
          several round trips).  Otherwise the responseToken is used to
          carry the tokens specific to the mechanism selected.

4.2.2 paragraph 7 - The MIC should include the reqFlags as well as the
MechTypes.

Appendix A paragraph 1
       s/should be ale/should be able/














Under what circumstance would an app NOT do optimistic negotiation?  I'm
sure there are examples, but maybe it would be good to document a
situation where optimistic negotiation could not be used.


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Date: Fri, 29 Oct 2004 19:42:08 -0400
From: Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu>
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Subject: Re: SPNEGO draft comments
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I would like to see the list of issues be published to the mailing list
and the positions explained at the Kitten meeting during the SPNEGO time
slot.  Hallway discussions can take place afterwards.

Thanks.

Jeffrey Altman


Liqiang(Larry) Zhu wrote:

> Wyllys, Sam, and Martin provided excellent comments; some of the points
> raised are somewhat controversial. 
> 
> Since this is the first version, I suggest that I would compile a list
> of issues so far and try to arrange hall-way meetings at Washington DC
> with Wyllys, Sam, and Martin and go over the list in person.  Martin,
> are you going to meet us at the DC?
> 
> Any other folks who are interested in the discussion are welcome to
> join, in that case, please drop me an email.
> 
> I would expect the next version that is based on these comments should
> be out shortly after IETF61.
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> 
> -- Larry
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
> [mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Wyllys Ingersoll
> Sent: Friday, October 29, 2004 10:51 AM
> To: kitten@ietf.org
> Subject: SPNEGO draft comments
> 
> 
> My thoughts on the new SPNEGO draft...
> 
> Many of my comments are editorial, just trying to make it easier to
> read.
> The original SPNEGO RFC was very difficult to read and follow in many
> places and we should strive to make this draft easier to read and thus
> to implement.
> 
> Where are the SOMIC rules?  Is that a separate document or something?
> 
> -Wyllys Ingersoll
> 
> 
> 3.1 paragraph 3 -
>     Seems contradictory when read the first time, could it be rewritten
> to be a little.
>     clearer ?
>     My suggestion...
> 
> 	   The first negotiation token sent by the acceptor contains the
> result
> 	   of the negotiation (accept_completed, accept_incomplete or
> reject)
> 	   and, in case of accept, the agreed security mechanism.   If
> the first
> 	   proposed mechanism from the initiator was selected and the
> initiator
> 	   included an initial mechanism token, the response MUST
> include the
> 	   response mechanism token.   Otherwise, the target will not
> emit a
>             response mechanism token in the first reply.
> 
> 
> 3.2 (d)(I)
>      Would it add security if the GSS_GetMIC covered other fields from
> the
>      NegTokenInit such as the reqFlags?
> 
> 3.2 (d)(I)(2) garbled and unnecessarily verbose...
>       Rewrite suggestion...
>            2) If the initiator's preferred mechanism is accepted and
>              policy exists on the target such that a different
>              mechanism couuld have been selected given a different list
> of
>              mechanisms, GSS_Accept_sec_context() MUST indicate
>              GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED with the accept_incomplete state, and
>              a MIC MUST be generated by the target.  This MIC is to be
>              verified by the initiator and the result will be sent back
>              to the acceptor.  This is referred in this document as the
>              Safe to Omit MIC (SOMIC) rule number 2.  The resulting
>              negotiation token MUST include the security token if one is
>              returned by the selected mechanism.
> 
> 3.2 (d) (III)
>      s/mechanism is sent/mechanism was sent/
>      s/token need to be transferred/token needs to be transferred/
>      s/establish the context,/establish the context./
> 
> 3.2 (e) - is this paragraph necessary?  All of the scenarios from 3.2
> (d)
>       already explain that the target app must return the negotiation
> token to the
>       intiator.
> 
> 3.2 (f) (III)
>       When you say "deposit the security token" - what does this mean,
> where is
>       it being deposited?  The rest of this section is a little unclear
> as well.
>       suggestion...
> 
>           When the negotiation token carries a reject result with a
>           response security token, the initiator MUST deposit the
>           security token.  GSS_Init_sec_context() MUST indicate a
>           failure status as reported by the underlying mechanism, and
> the
>           mech_type output parameter from GSS_Init_sec_context must
>           indicate the mechanism that was rejected.
> 
> 3.2 (f) (IV)
>        s/complete context establishment,/complete context
> establishment./
> 
> 3.2 (f) (V)
>        s/mechanism token/mechanism tokens/
>        s/establishment, the/establishment. The/
> 
> 3.2 (h) Perhaps clarify that the "mech_type" output param is for the
>      GSS_Init_sec_context call.  Its easy to become disoriented with all
> of the
>      various talk of "mech types" being passed around.
> 
> 4.2.2 paragraph 6 under "negResult" is a little confusing.
>       suggestion...
> 
>           For those targets that support piggybacking the initial
>           mechToken, an optimistic negotiation response is possible.
> This
>           response includes a responseToken which MAY continue the
>           authentication exchange (e.g.  when mutual authentication has
>           been requested or when unilateral authentication requires
>           several round trips).  Otherwise the responseToken is used to
>           carry the tokens specific to the mechanism selected.
> 
> 4.2.2 paragraph 7 - The MIC should include the reqFlags as well as the
> MechTypes.
> 
> Appendix A paragraph 1
>        s/should be ale/should be able/
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Under what circumstance would an app NOT do optimistic negotiation?  I'm
> sure there are examples, but maybe it would be good to document a
> situation where optimistic negotiation could not be used.
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Kitten mailing list
> Kitten@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Kitten mailing list
> Kitten@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten

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Is the draft going to specify GSS_C_EXPECTING_MECH_LIST_MIC_FLAG?

-- Luke

>From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
>Subject: RE: SPNEGO draft comments
>To: "Wyllys Ingersoll" <wyllys.ingersoll@sun.com>, <kitten@ietf.org>, "Sam Hartman"
>    <hartmans@mit.edu>
>Date: Fri, 29 Oct 2004 16:21:53 -0700
>
>Wyllys, Sam, and Martin provided excellent comments; some of the points
>raised are somewhat controversial. 
>
>Since this is the first version, I suggest that I would compile a list
>of issues so far and try to arrange hall-way meetings at Washington DC
>with Wyllys, Sam, and Martin and go over the list in person.  Martin,
>are you going to meet us at the DC?
>
>Any other folks who are interested in the discussion are welcome to
>join, in that case, please drop me an email.
>
>I would expect the next version that is based on these comments should
>be out shortly after IETF61.
>
>Thanks,
>
>
>-- Larry
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
>[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Wyllys Ingersoll
>Sent: Friday, October 29, 2004 10:51 AM
>To: kitten@ietf.org
>Subject: SPNEGO draft comments
>
>
>My thoughts on the new SPNEGO draft...
>
>Many of my comments are editorial, just trying to make it easier to
>read.
>The original SPNEGO RFC was very difficult to read and follow in many
>places and we should strive to make this draft easier to read and thus
>to implement.
>
>Where are the SOMIC rules?  Is that a separate document or something?
>
>-Wyllys Ingersoll
>
>
>3.1 paragraph 3 -
>    Seems contradictory when read the first time, could it be rewritten
>to be a little.
>    clearer ?
>    My suggestion...
>
>	   The first negotiation token sent by the acceptor contains the
>result
>	   of the negotiation (accept_completed, accept_incomplete or
>reject)
>	   and, in case of accept, the agreed security mechanism.   If
>the first
>	   proposed mechanism from the initiator was selected and the
>initiator
>	   included an initial mechanism token, the response MUST
>include the
>	   response mechanism token.   Otherwise, the target will not
>emit a
>            response mechanism token in the first reply.
>
>
>3.2 (d)(I)
>     Would it add security if the GSS_GetMIC covered other fields from
>the
>     NegTokenInit such as the reqFlags?
>
>3.2 (d)(I)(2) garbled and unnecessarily verbose...
>      Rewrite suggestion...
>           2) If the initiator's preferred mechanism is accepted and
>             policy exists on the target such that a different
>             mechanism couuld have been selected given a different list
>of
>             mechanisms, GSS_Accept_sec_context() MUST indicate
>             GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED with the accept_incomplete state, and
>             a MIC MUST be generated by the target.  This MIC is to be
>             verified by the initiator and the result will be sent back
>             to the acceptor.  This is referred in this document as the
>             Safe to Omit MIC (SOMIC) rule number 2.  The resulting
>             negotiation token MUST include the security token if one is
>             returned by the selected mechanism.
>
>3.2 (d) (III)
>     s/mechanism is sent/mechanism was sent/
>     s/token need to be transferred/token needs to be transferred/
>     s/establish the context,/establish the context./
>
>3.2 (e) - is this paragraph necessary?  All of the scenarios from 3.2
>(d)
>      already explain that the target app must return the negotiation
>token to the
>      intiator.
>
>3.2 (f) (III)
>      When you say "deposit the security token" - what does this mean,
>where is
>      it being deposited?  The rest of this section is a little unclear
>as well.
>      suggestion...
>
>          When the negotiation token carries a reject result with a
>          response security token, the initiator MUST deposit the
>          security token.  GSS_Init_sec_context() MUST indicate a
>          failure status as reported by the underlying mechanism, and
>the
>          mech_type output parameter from GSS_Init_sec_context must
>          indicate the mechanism that was rejected.
>
>3.2 (f) (IV)
>       s/complete context establishment,/complete context
>establishment./
>
>3.2 (f) (V)
>       s/mechanism token/mechanism tokens/
>       s/establishment, the/establishment. The/
>
>3.2 (h) Perhaps clarify that the "mech_type" output param is for the
>     GSS_Init_sec_context call.  Its easy to become disoriented with all
>of the
>     various talk of "mech types" being passed around.
>
>4.2.2 paragraph 6 under "negResult" is a little confusing.
>      suggestion...
>
>          For those targets that support piggybacking the initial
>          mechToken, an optimistic negotiation response is possible.
>This
>          response includes a responseToken which MAY continue the
>          authentication exchange (e.g.  when mutual authentication has
>          been requested or when unilateral authentication requires
>          several round trips).  Otherwise the responseToken is used to
>          carry the tokens specific to the mechanism selected.
>
>4.2.2 paragraph 7 - The MIC should include the reqFlags as well as the
>MechTypes.
>
>Appendix A paragraph 1
>       s/should be ale/should be able/
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Under what circumstance would an app NOT do optimistic negotiation?  I'm
>sure there are examples, but maybe it would be good to document a
>situation where optimistic negotiation could not be used.
>
>
>_______________________________________________
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>
>_______________________________________________
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>

--

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Martin Rex wrote:
> So you're correct, implementations of SPNEGO that receive an initial=20
> security context token from a non-IETF >(gssapi) mechanism that lacks=20
> the generic framing will likely return GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN rather=20
> than >=20
> GSS_S_BAD_MECHANISM.

The decision clearly should not be made by SPNEGO but by the underlying
mechanisms.

Please stay on the track, and the current draft only dicusses mechanisms
that are fully compliant with 2743/2744.

-- Larry
-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Martin Rex
Sent: Thursday, November 04, 2004 1:18 PM
To: Sam Hartman
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Comments on Larry's SPNEGO draft

Ooops -- blush.  You're correct, Sam.

Sam Hartman wrote:
>=20
>     Martin> The initial context token MUST use the generic framing
>     Martin> with the mechanism OID for the precise reason that a
>     Martin> gssapi mechanism will be able to recognize whether it
>     Martin> supports communication with the peer or not. =20
>=20
> Section 3.1 of RFC 2743 requires a specific context token framing for=20
> IETF standards-track mechanisms.  However no such requirement is made=20
> for non-standards-track mechanisms.  We're aware of non-standards=20
> track mechanisms that do not use the framing described in this=20
> section.

And if I'm not mistaken, then there is actually a large installed base
of an SPNEGO implementation that may send security context tokens from a
non-IETF "mechanism" which does not use the generic token framing.  That
"mechanism" is also known as Microsoft "NT Lan Manager" (NTLM).


So you're correct, implementations of SPNEGO that receive an initial
security context token from a non-IETF (gssapi) mechanism that lacks the
generic framing will likely return GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN rather than
GSS_S_BAD_MECHANISM.


-Martin

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Martin Rex wrote:
> SPNEGO should *NEVER* rely on trial and error.=20

I agree, but is this relevant to the current draft? It is certainly not
what our current implementations do either.

I would be happy to explain to you what are the additional mechanisms we
have in order to be backward compatible with NT4, but please take that
kind of discussions off the list.

-- larry

-----Original Message-----
From: Martin Rex [mailto:martin.rex@sap.com]=20
Sent: Friday, November 05, 2004 5:44 AM
To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
Cc: martin.rex@sap.com; hartmans@mit.edu; kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Comments on Larry's SPNEGO draft

Liqiang\ wrote:
>=20
> Martin Rex wrote:
> > So you're correct, implementations of SPNEGO that receive an initial

> > security context token from a non-IETF >(gssapi) mechanism that=20
> > lacks the generic framing will likely return GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN=20
> > rather than > GSS_S_BAD_MECHANISM.
>=20
> The decision clearly should not be made by SPNEGO but by the=20
> underlying mechanisms.

I disagree.

SPNEGO should *NEVER* rely on trial and error.  When
gss_accept_sec_context is called for the first time, SPNEGO does not
know to which underlying gssapi mechanims it should pass the received
initial context token, because the input security context handle is
still undefined.

So SPNEGO MUST try to decode the token to get the hands on the mechanism
OID in order to decide which mechanism to pass the data to.  And only if
an SPNEGO knows about a non-IETF gssapi mechanism which it serves then
it could blindly pass on a token that lacks the generic framing.


>=20
> Please stay on the track, and the current draft only dicusses=20
> mechanisms that are fully compliant with 2743/2744.

Which is no longer practical, since some vendor created a large
installed base of SPNEGO that will pass on security context token which
lacks the generic context token framing...

-Martin

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 - Section 1 (intro)

   See my comments today about mechs that lack a single canonical name.
   Namely, I don't agree that this is a real problem.

   I do believe that there are problems to be solved in this space,
   namely:

    - Some mechanisms, e.g., Kerberos V, do not map well onto the
      GSS-API's name canonicalization model, as you describe in section
      2.

    - How to get away from name-based access control?

      The referential integrity problem of how to keep name-based ACLs
      up to date as names are changed, deleted, re-used, is real and
      must be addressed.  The simplest way is to use internal
      identifiers, such as POSIX UIDs and GIDs and Windows SIDs, instead
      of names, in ACLs.

      The good news is that your name attribute proposal is part of the
      solution, in my view.

      I think this problem should be front and center, as well as:

    - How to access Kerberos V ticket/authenticator authorization-data
      and x.509 certificate extensions (and SPKM authorization-data)?

      Similarly, IMO your name attribute proposal is part of the
      solution.

   The name selection problem for mechs whose credentials may respond to
   multiple names is, IMO, partly a mechanism-specific problem (in that
   the mechs' context tokens had better assert one or another such name;
   if SPKM doesn't, well, that'd be bad news...), and partly an
   implementation-specific problem (in that the implementation should
   somehow select a name for use as the name of the credential that
   corresponds to GSS_C_NO_CREDENTIAL; the mechs' specifications can
   help here too).


 - Section 2 (Kerberos Naming)

   I agree, the Kerberos mechanism does not allow for reliable
   canonicalization of query names without access to credentials
   suitable for the purpose.  This is a serious problem for applications
   that utilize name-based authorization.  This calls for a
   GSS_Canonicalize_name() extension that takes a credential handle as
   an input, though that is no panacea, as the rest of your text makes
   clear.  Ultimately only MNs output by GSS_Inquire_sec_context() may
   useful for name-based authorization, and only as long as one is aware
   of the resulting referential integrity problem with using names,
   rather than UIDs/GIDs/SIDs/... for authorization.

   The other items in this section, in the 3rd and 4th paragraphs are
   generic though.


 - Section 3 (x.509 Names)

   See above.


 - Section 4.1, 1st paragraph

   Not only acceptors, but initiators also.


 - Section 4.1, 2nd paragraph

   Not only mechanism-specific, but platform-specific also.  I.e.,
   "internal" IDs like POSIX UIDs/GIDs and Windows SIDs are specific to
   platforms, not mechanisms.


 - Section 4.3

   IMO, most of the name attributes that folks will be interested in
   have generic representations or can be treated generically or,
   failing that, in platform-specific ways.

   Mechanisms's context tokens should not assert name attributes that
   cannot be validated nor should peers accept such assertions without
   validating them.  Because the assertions may be tied to the
   credentials, rather than the contexts (this is the distinction
   between authorization-data in Kerberos Tickets and Authenticators)
   name attributes need not always be asserted explicitly.

   Thus, w.r.t. your name attribute source tagging proposal I see two
   such sources: the credential, and the peer; for the latter there's
   really only two sub-variants: unvalidated, and validated -- how is
   probably not important to GSS applications.

   Finally, composite names (names w/ attributes) need an exported form
   for transfer between processes.  This is different from, and should
   not be confounded with the exported name form in the GSS-APIv2.


 - Section 4.3

   It would be nice to have a GSS_Inquire_name() API which is a superset
   of GSS_Display_name() and which includes information such as:

    - whether the name is an MN and, if so, the mech's OID
    - the source of the name (an established context, an exported name
      re-imported, a canonicalized query name, just a query name)
    - where applicable, the name type OID used to import the name


 - Section 5

   Note that if a credential is acquired for a composite name then the
   credential may also "carry" the given name's attributes.  The
   semantics here need to be specified: must the credential carry all
   such name attributes, where applicable? or may it carry some or even
   none?  Is an extended GSS_Acquire/Add_cred() API necessary?


 - Section 6

   I see this as applicable primarily to machine UID/GID and similar
   names for which concrete mechs may not have MNs.

Thanks,

Nico
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>>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:

    Nicolas>  - Section 1 (intro) See my comments today about mechs
    Nicolas> that lack a single canonical name.  Namely, I don't agree
    Nicolas> that this is a real problem.

I think your comments are only sufficient to convince me that we can
solve the problem, not that it doesn't exist.

In all the cases you discussed today, we're significantly changing
semantics from what GSSAPI v2 expects.  

I agree that we will in almost all cases end up with solutions where
gss_export_name does something.  I suspect in many cases that will not
be a good enough something that a GSSAPI V2 application will work
well; they wll often limp along.

You seem to be more willing to accept platform or
implementation-specific solutions to the canonical name problem than I
am.  Actually I'm not sure that I'm unwilling to accept these
solutions, but I'm sure we need to explore the problem space more
thoroughly before doing so.

In summary, I'm working towards a broad description of what we are
considering with naming.  I want to have a single document that
captures the goals we are trying to meet and the solutions we propose
to meet those goals.  If you end up believing that one of the goals
ends up being a non-goal, that's probably OK.  When we get to the end
and ask ourselves whether we've met our goals, you can argue that the
weight of things you believe to be non-goals in the evaluation should
be very low.

--Sam


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On Mon, Oct 25, 2004 at 08:38:05PM -0400, Sam Hartman wrote:
> >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:
> 
>     Nicolas>  - Section 1 (intro) See my comments today about mechs
>     Nicolas> that lack a single canonical name.  Namely, I don't agree
>     Nicolas> that this is a real problem.
> 
> I think your comments are only sufficient to convince me that we can
> solve the problem, not that it doesn't exist.
> 
> In all the cases you discussed today, we're significantly changing
> semantics from what GSSAPI v2 expects.  

One semantic problem in the GSS-APIv2 that is related to this is the
fact that the Kerberos V mechanism requires credentials in order to
canonicalize names, and another is that a mechanism might not be able to
produce useful MNs except for established security contexts.

Ok, you convince me that there is a problem, but then I still see it as
separate from, though perhaps related to, the name-based authorization
problem; I think both should be given top billing in the abstract and
introduction :)

> I agree that we will in almost all cases end up with solutions where
> gss_export_name does something.  I suspect in many cases that will not
> be a good enough something that a GSSAPI V2 application will work
> well; they wll often limp along.

Indeed.  The reason I insist on exported name tokens for names like
machine UID which may not be MNs is so that existing ACL facilicities
can be adapted with minimal ACL format change, but the apps will
definitely require v3 features to take advantage of this (since v2
provides no way to discover the machine UID names associated with a
given MN).

> You seem to be more willing to accept platform or
> implementation-specific solutions to the canonical name problem than I
> am.  Actually I'm not sure that I'm unwilling to accept these
> solutions, but I'm sure we need to explore the problem space more
> thoroughly before doing so.

Yes, but those solutions are just for the single canonical name problem,
not for the 

> In summary, I'm working towards a broad description of what we are
> considering with naming.  I want to have a single document that
> captures the goals we are trying to meet and the solutions we propose
> to meet those goals.  If you end up believing that one of the goals
> ends up being a non-goal, that's probably OK.  When we get to the end
> and ask ourselves whether we've met our goals, you can argue that the
> weight of things you believe to be non-goals in the evaluation should
> be very low.

I'd like to start seeing some concrete interface proposals.  I think
some aspects of the GSS naming problems and some aspects of the
solutions we're working towards have received enough thought that it
would be helpful to see what interfaces might result; if nothing else it
would help me.  I can volunteer to produce some interface designs if you
wish.

Nico
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>>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:

    >> In summary, I'm working towards a broad description of what we
    >> are considering with naming.  I want to have a single document
    >> that captures the goals we are trying to meet and the solutions
    >> we propose to meet those goals.  If you end up believing that
    >> one of the goals ends up being a non-goal, that's probably OK.
    >> When we get to the end and ask ourselves whether we've met our
    >> goals, you can argue that the weight of things you believe to
    >> be non-goals in the evaluation should be very low.

    Nicolas> I'd like to start seeing some concrete interface
    Nicolas> proposals.  I think some aspects of the GSS naming
    Nicolas> problems and some aspects of the solutions we're working
    Nicolas> towards have received enough thought that it would be
    Nicolas> helpful to see what interfaces might result; if nothing
    Nicolas> else it would help me.  


I completely agree that we're at a point where we could do this work
and that it would be quite beneficial.

I also think what I'm trying to do is reasonably beneficial.  My goal
is to have a document we can last call shortly after DC and publish as
informational that describes what we're doing and limits scope of
possible solutions.  Does this seem worth doing?

--Sam


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Date: Tue, 26 Oct 2004 11:22:58 -0500
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
To: Sam Hartman <hartmans@mit.edu>
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On Tue, Oct 26, 2004 at 12:09:36PM -0400, Sam Hartman wrote:
> I completely agree that we're at a point where we could do this work
> and that it would be quite beneficial.
> 
> I also think what I'm trying to do is reasonably beneficial.  My goal
> is to have a document we can last call shortly after DC and publish as
> informational that describes what we're doing and limits scope of
> possible solutions.  Does this seem worth doing?

Oh yes, much like my guide to the v3 work, this sort of document can be
quite useful apart from actual, concrete proposals.

Nico
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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed Oct 27 16:41:09 2004
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Date: Wed, 27 Oct 2004 16:23:29 -0400
From: Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu>
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I just want to make the membership of this list aware that I am aware of 
the following mailing list difficulties.  Apparently for some unknown 
number of days or weeks it has not been possible to register for the 
list either via the web page

    https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten

or via the mail address

    kitten-request@ietf.org

Apparently, the requests are received by mailman but the responses from
mailman to the requestor are not be sent out.  This has the negative
effect that it is not possible to confirm the request and after a while
mailman drops the request.


The second problem is the mail archive which is supposed to be accesible
via

    http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/kitten/current/index.html

does not list any of the e-mail since the list creation.

I have reported both problems to Fortec and I have been waiting for 
several days without receiving a response.  There is not much I can
do about the archive but I have switched mailman to require my approval
for new subscriptions instead of confirmation.  I will check each day
to approve new subscription requests until this problem is resolved.
Unfortunately, once I approve you I doubt you will receive the welcome
message.

If you know of anyone who has been trying to join the list, please ask 
them to try again.   Hopefully all of this will be resolved shortly.

Jeffrey Altman


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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed Oct 27 17:49:54 2004
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To: Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu>
References: <418003C1.9010102@columbia.edu>
From: Sam Hartman <hartmans@mit.edu>
Date: Wed, 27 Oct 2004 17:40:53 -0400
In-Reply-To: <418003C1.9010102@columbia.edu> (Jeffrey Altman's message of
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If people want access to an archive of the list, I believe i
imap://imap.suchdamage.org/ietf.kitten is complete.  I believe that
archive should allow anonymous login using the fine anonymous sasl
mechanism.

--Sam


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I have received notification from Russ that Kitten has been formally
chartered by the IESG as a working group during today's telechat.
Our first working group meeting will be held at IETF 61.

Jeffrey Altman


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Thread-Topic: Comments: draft-williams-gssapi-prf-00.txt
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From: "Liqiang(Larry) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
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Cc: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
Subject: Comments: draft-williams-gssapi-prf-00.txt
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1) please describe why is undesirable to export the raw session
key/subkey directly: aka why not a gss_export_key() extension.

2) add an GSS_Session_key_info() extension to desribe the native key
size information and algorithms. The callers may want to know the true
attack resistance strength of the output when using this PRF extension.
A DES key of 8 bytes may only have 56 bits strength thus the algorithms
may matter.

3) add the desired PRF output length to GSS_Pseudo_random(), so that the
callers do not have to do further composition to get the desired output
length. We do not give application protocols a chance to create a
security weakness. A good example of bad key derivations is provided in
RFC 3766.

-- larry



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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Nov  1 13:21:48 2004
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Date: Mon, 1 Nov 2004 11:33:46 -0600
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
To: "Liqiang(Larry) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
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On Mon, Nov 01, 2004 at 12:59:34AM -0800, Liqiang(Larry) Zhu wrote:
> 1) please describe why is undesirable to export the raw session
> key/subkey directly: aka why not a gss_export_key() extension.

You mean, in the I-D?  Explain why GSS_Pseudo_random() instead of
GSS_Get_key()?

Ok, it's easy enough.

> 2) add an GSS_Session_key_info() extension to desribe the native key
> size information and algorithms. The callers may want to know the true
> attack resistance strength of the output when using this PRF extension.
> A DES key of 8 bytes may only have 56 bits strength thus the algorithms
> may matter.

This dos not belong in this I-D.

The GSS-API provides a [lame] facility for this: the Quality of
Protection values.

Unfortunately the GSS-API's QoP notion is badly broken for a number of
reasons.  I do not, however, count inability to compare QoPs as such a
reason, mostly because it's really, really hard to quantify the strength
of a given cryptosystem.

Is an AES-128 in CBC mode with HMAC-SHA-1 stronger than AES-128 in GCM
mode?  Who knows?  At such key lenghts performance may be a better way
to decide which cipher/mode to use.

The GSS-API provides no way to influence the QoP that will be negotiated
in a context token exchange, *that*, IMO, is a bigger deal.

This is all fodder for a separate I-D.  Let the GSS_Pseudo_random()
remain simple, so we can last-call it soon.

> 3) add the desired PRF output length to GSS_Pseudo_random(), so that the
> callers do not have to do further composition to get the desired output
> length. We do not give application protocols a chance to create a
> security weakness. A good example of bad key derivations is provided in
> RFC 3766.

This needs to be decided here.  I suggest that arguments pro and con be
posted and then we can have a consensus call on the matter unless we all
come to be obviously in agreement.

Nico
-- 

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>>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:

    >> 3) add the desired PRF output length to GSS_Pseudo_random(), so
    >> that the callers do not have to do further composition to get
    >> the desired output length. We do not give application protocols
    >> a chance to create a security weakness. A good example of bad
    >> key derivations is provided in RFC 3766.

    Nicolas> This needs to be decided here.  I suggest that arguments
    Nicolas> pro and con be posted and then we can have a consensus
    Nicolas> call on the matter unless we all come to be obviously in
    Nicolas> agreement.

pro: Makes it easier to design secure applications.

Unless there are strong con arguments I support this for the stated
reason.



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Date: Tue, 2 Nov 2004 15:35:53 -0600
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
To: Sam Hartman <hartmans@mit.edu>
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Subject: Re: Comments: draft-williams-gssapi-prf-00.txt
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On Tue, Nov 02, 2004 at 04:27:12PM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:
> 
>     >> 3) add the desired PRF output length to GSS_Pseudo_random(), so
>     >> that the callers do not have to do further composition to get
>     >> the desired output length. We do not give application protocols
>     >> a chance to create a security weakness. A good example of bad
>     >> key derivations is provided in RFC 3766.
> 
>     Nicolas> This needs to be decided here.  I suggest that arguments
>     Nicolas> pro and con be posted and then we can have a consensus
>     Nicolas> call on the matter unless we all come to be obviously in
>     Nicolas> agreement.
> 
> pro: Makes it easier to design secure applications.

> Unless there are strong con arguments I support this for the stated
> reason.

And what should specify the mechanism's PRF?  An update to the mech, or
an update to the mech _and_ kcrypto?

What should the PRF be?

Nico
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From: Sam Hartman <hartmans@mit.edu>
Date: Tue, 02 Nov 2004 16:39:05 -0500
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>>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:

    Nicolas> What should the PRF be?

Some sort of counter mode should be reasonable.  That will form a
valid PRF provided that you hold the length constant.


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Date: Tue, 2 Nov 2004 15:40:48 -0600
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On Tue, Nov 02, 2004 at 04:39:05PM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:
> 
>     Nicolas> What should the PRF be?
> 
> Some sort of counter mode should be reasonable.  That will form a
> valid PRF provided that you hold the length constant.

Why not do that at the GSS layer, with a GSS_Pseudo_random_plus() that
uses GSS_Pseudo_random()?

Nico
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>>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:

    Nicolas> On Tue, Nov 02, 2004 at 04:39:05PM -0500, Sam Hartman
    Nicolas> wrote:
    >> >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
    >> writes:
    >> 
    Nicolas> What should the PRF be?
    >>  Some sort of counter mode should be reasonable.  That will
    >> form a valid PRF provided that you hold the length constant.

    Nicolas> Why not do that at the GSS layer, with a
    Nicolas> GSS_Pseudo_random_plus() that uses GSS_Pseudo_random()?

Why do you need both functions exposed at the GSS layer?


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On Tue, Nov 02, 2004 at 04:52:27PM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:
> 
>     Nicolas> On Tue, Nov 02, 2004 at 04:39:05PM -0500, Sam Hartman
>     Nicolas> wrote:
>     >> >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
>     >> writes:
>     >> 
>     Nicolas> What should the PRF be?
>     >>  Some sort of counter mode should be reasonable.  That will
>     >> form a valid PRF provided that you hold the length constant.
> 
>     Nicolas> Why not do that at the GSS layer, with a
>     Nicolas> GSS_Pseudo_random_plus() that uses GSS_Pseudo_random()?
> 
> Why do you need both functions exposed at the GSS layer?

Only to simplify specification of the generic PRF+ in terms of
mechanisms' PRFs.

Nico
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On Tuesday, November 02, 2004 16:52:27 -0500 Sam Hartman <hartmans@mit.edu> 
wrote:

>>>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:
>
>     Nicolas> On Tue, Nov 02, 2004 at 04:39:05PM -0500, Sam Hartman
>     Nicolas> wrote:
>     >> >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
>     >> writes:
>     >>
>     Nicolas> What should the PRF be?
>     >>  Some sort of counter mode should be reasonable.  That will
>     >> form a valid PRF provided that you hold the length constant.
>
>     Nicolas> Why not do that at the GSS layer, with a
>     Nicolas> GSS_Pseudo_random_plus() that uses GSS_Pseudo_random()?
>
> Why do you need both functions exposed at the GSS layer?

I think Nico is suggesting that GSS_Pseudo_random() be provided by the 
mechanism, while GSS_Pseudo_random_plus() is implemented in a 
mechanism-independent manner in terms of GSS_Pseudo_random().

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On Tue, Nov 02, 2004 at 05:55:55PM -0500, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> I think Nico is suggesting that GSS_Pseudo_random() be provided by the 
> mechanism, while GSS_Pseudo_random_plus() is implemented in a 
> mechanism-independent manner in terms of GSS_Pseudo_random().

Yes, mostly to avoid any battles over the correct way to deliver a PRF+
for the Kerberos V mech: as an update to the mech, or as an update to
the mech and kcrypto.

Anyways, Sam convinces me that we can just update the mech and be done
and have the GSS-API just provide an interface to the mechs' PRF+
functions.

Larry seems to be proposing exactly as much, so I think we can consider
the matter settled, unless someone else has a different opinion.

Nico
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Kitten (GSS-API Next Generation) BOF (kitten)

Monday, November 8 at 1530-1730
===============================

CHAIR: Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu>

AGENDA:

  - Introduction and Welcome

  - Charter review

  - Guide to the GSS-APIv3
    (draft-williams-gssapi-v3-guide-to-00.txt)

  - Namespace Considerations and Registries for GSS-API Extensions
    (draft-williams-gssapi-extensions-iana-00.txt)

  - GSS-API Domain-Based Service Names and Name Type
    (draft-williams-gssapi-domain-based-names-00.txt)

  - GSS-API Domain-Based Service Names Mapping for the Kerberos V GSS
    Mechanism
    (draft-williams-krb5-gssapi-domain-based-names-00.txt)

  - A PRF API extension for the GSS-API
    (draft-williams-gssapi-prf-00.txt)

  - A PRF for the Kerberos V GSS-API Mechanism
    (draft-williams-krb5-gssapi-prf-00.txt)

  - Generic Security Service API Version 2 : Java & C# Bindings
    (draft-morris-java-gssapi-update-for-csharp-00.txt)

  - The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
    (draft-zhu-spnego-2478bis-00.txt)


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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Nov  1 23:11:10 2004
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If we have some extra time, it is likely that Nico and I will have
made progress on draft-hartman-gss-naming and could report our
progress back to  the working group to start judging consensus.


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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Nov  1 23:19:51 2004
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Date: Mon, 01 Nov 2004 23:04:29 -0500
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Sam Hartman wrote:

> If we have some extra time, it is likely that Nico and I will have
> made progress on draft-hartman-gss-naming and could report our
> progress back to  the working group to start judging consensus.

I would be happy to amend the agenda.  We were given a two hour
slot when 90 minutes were requested.

Jeffrey Altman


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_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten

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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed Nov  3 16:42:11 2004
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Subject: WG Action: Kitten (GSS-API Next Generation) (kitten)
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A new IETF working group has been formed in the Security Area.  
For additional information, please contact the Area Directors or the WG Chairs.

Kitten (GSS-API Next Generation) (kitten)
=========================================

Current Status: Active Working Group

Chair(s):
Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu>

Security Area Director(s):
Russell Housley <housley@vigilsec.com>
Steven Bellovin <smb@research.att.com>

Security Area Advisor:
Russell Housley <housley@vigilsec.com>

Mailing Lists:
General Discussion: kitten@lists.ietf.org
To Subscribe: https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten
Archive: http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/kitten/current/index.html

Description of Working Group:
The Generic Security Services API [RFC 2743, RFC 2744] provides an API
for applications to set up security contexts and to use these contexts
for per-message protection services. The Common Authentication
Technology Next Generation Working Group (Kitten) will work on
standardizing extensions and improvements to the core GSSAPI
specification and language bindings that the IETF believes are necessary
based on experience using GSSAPI over the last 10 years. Extensions may
be published as separate drafts or included in a GSSAPI version 3. While
version 2 of the GSSAPI may be clarified, no backward incompatible
changes will be made to this version of the API.

This working group is chartered to revise the GSSAPI v2 RFCs for the
purpose of clarifying areas of ambiguity:
o Use of channel bindings
o Thread safety restrictions
o C language utilization clarifications and recommendations
(e.g., type utilization, name spaces)
o Guidelines for GSS-API mechanism designers
o Guidelines for GSS-API application protocol designers

This working group is chartered to specify a non-backward compatible
GSSAPI v3 including support for the following extensions:
o Clarify the portable use of channel bindings and better specify
channel bindings in a language-independent manner.
o Specify thread safety extensions to allow multi-threaded applications
to use GSSAPI
o Definitions of channel bindings for TLS, IPSec, SSH and other
cryptographic channels based on work started in the NFSV4 working
group.
o Define a GSSAPI extension to allow applications to store credentials.
Discussions to be started based upon:
o draft-williams-gss-store-deleg-creds-xx.txt
o Extensions to solve problems posed by the Global Grid Forum's GSSAPI
extensions document.
o Extensions to deal with mechanism-specific extensibility in a
multi-mechanism environment.
o Extend the GSS-API to support authorization by portable GSS
applications while also supporting mechanisms that do not have a
single canonical name for each authentication identity.
o Specify a Domain-based GSS service principal name consisting of:
service name, host name, and domain name for use by application
services hosted across multiple servers.
o Extensions to support stackable GSSAPI mechanisms.
o Define a Psuedo-Random Function for GSSAPI

This working group is chartered to perform the following GSSAPI
mechanism specification work:

o Specify a GSSAPI v2/v3 Channel Conjunction Mechanism
o Revise RFC 2748 (SPNEGO) to correct problems that make the
specification unimplementable and to document the problems
found in widely-deployed attempts to implement this spec.
o Update the GSSAPI Java Language Bindings to match actual implementation

This working group is chartered to perform the following new GSSAPI
Language Binding specification work:

o Specify a language binding for C#

DELIVERABLES

Either: 
o Clarifications to GSSAPIv2 (May 2005 to IESG)Informational
[editor: TBD]
Or:
o Generic Security Service Application Program Interface Version 2, Update 2
[editor: TBD]
o Generic Security Service API Version 2, Update 1 : C-bindings
[editor: TBD]
End:

o The Channel Conjunction Mechanism (CCM) for the GSSAPI
[editors: Mike Eisler/Nicolas Williams]
(based on draft-ietf-nfsv4-ccm, which has been discussed previously in
the NFSv4 WG)

o On the Use of Channel Bindings to Secure Channels
[editor: Nicolas Williams]
(based on draft-ietf-nfsv4-channel-bindings, which has been discussed
previously in the NFSv4 WG)

o GSSAPIv3
[editor: to be determined]

o Stackable Generic Security Service Pseudo-mechanisms
[editor: Nicolas Williams]
draft-williams-gssapi-stackable-pseudo-mechs

o GSS-APIv2 Extension for Storing Delegated Credentials
[editor: Nicolas Williams]
draft-williams-gssapi-store-deleg-creds

o GSSAPI Mechanisms without a Unique Canonical Name
[editor: Sam Hartman]
draft-hartman-gss-naming

o SPNEGO (RFC 2478) Revisions
[editor: Wyllys Ingersoll / Larry Zhu]
draft-zhu-spnego-2478bis

o Guide to the GSS-APIv3
[editor: Nicolas Williams]
draft-williams-gssapi-v3-guide-to

o Namespace Considerations and Registries for GSS-API Extensions
[editor: Nicolas Williams]
draft-williams-gssapi-extensions-iana

o GSS-API Domain-Based Service Names and Name Type
[editor: Nicolas Williams]
draft-williams-gssapi-domain-based-names

o GSS-API Domain-Based Service Names Mapping for the Kerberos V GSS
Mechanism
[editor: Nicolas Williams]
draft-williams-krb5-gssapi-domain-based-names

o A PRF API extension for the GSS-API
[editor: Nicolas Williams]
draft-williams-gssapi-prf

o A PRF for the Kerberos V GSS-API Mechanism
[editor: Nicolas Williams]
draft-williams-krb5-gssapi-prf

o Generic Security Service API Version 2 : Java & C# Bindings
[editors: Larry Zhu / Corby Morris]
draft-morris-java-gssapi-update-for-csharp

Goals and Milestones:
Nov 04    First Meeting  
Mar 05    First drafts of either 'Clarifications to GSSAPIv2' as Informational 
	ORsubmit 'Generic Security Service Application Program Interface 
	Version 2, Update 2' and 'Generic Security Service API Version 2, 
	Update 2 : C-bindings' to the IESG as Proposed Standard  
Jul 05    Submit either 'Clarifications to GSSAPIv2' as Informational OR submit
	'Generic Security Service Application Program Interface Version 2, 
	Update 2' and 'Generic Security Service API Version 2, Update 2 : 
	C-bindings' to the IESG as Proposed Standard  
Jul 05    Submit 'The Channel Conjunction Mechanism (CCM) for the GSSAPI' to 
	the IESG as Proposed Standard  
Jul 05    Submit 'On the Use of Channel Bindings to Secure Channels' to the 
	IESG as Proposed Standard  
Jul 05    Submit 'The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism 
	(Revised)' to the IESG as Proposed Standard  
Nov 05    Submit 'GSSAPI Mechanisms without a Unique Canonical Name' to the 
	IESG as Proposed Standard  
Jul 06    Submit 'Generic Security Service Application Program Interface 
	Version 3' to the IESG as Proposed Standard  
Jul 06    Submit 'Generic Security Service API Version 3 : C-bindings' to the 
	IESG as Proposed Standard  
Jul 06    Submit 'Generic Security Service API Version 3 : Java and C# 
	bindings' to the IESG as Proposed Standard  
Nov 06    Charter Review  



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To all presenters at Monday's session:

In order to provide for a smooth meeting on Monday
as well as to enable the Jabber participants to fully
take part in the session I will require that all
presentations be delivered to me no later then Sunday
night.  This will provide me ample time to place
the presentations on the web and configure them on
a single presentation laptop.

The presentations will be uploaded to the web and
displayed at the meeting in PDF format.

Thank you.

Jeffrey Altman



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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Nov  5 18:30:48 2004
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From: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
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Subject: Re: Single canonical names
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> > The purpose of MNs is for authentication (ACL checks).  Even
>                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> Nit: authorization.

Nope, I really meant authentication.  The check whether we do recognize
the canonical name that we get as the result of one (out of many)
methods to authenticate a user.  In our application for example
this is the transformation of a name as known to the gssapi mechanism
into the legacy namespace of our application.

Authorization, including wether we allow this user to logon at all
is done later in the game.  I don't even want to talk about the
fine-grained authorization profiles that come into play once
the user passes our logon checks.

>
> For those who don't remember, we've argued as to the, shall we say,
> quality of gss_canonicalize_name()'s output.
> 
> The crux of the matter is this: all these names are really based on
> human-readable names (for example, the exported name token for the
> Kerberos V mechanism is really an encoding of a Kerberos V principal and
> realm name), but these can change and may require online infrastructure
> to validate.

The crux of the matter is that Kerberos 5 authentication is by definition
based on printable Kerberos principal names. Period.

I know that when Microsoft uses Kerberos for authentication, it entirely
ignores the Kerberos principal names that are involved when they
find a PAC inside the ticket.  However this only works in a homogeneous
Microsoft Windows environment.  As soon as you include non-Microsoft-W2K
machines in your infrastructure (or use a non-Microsoft KDC), you
can not use the canonical representation of a name which microsoft
uses in their proprietary ACLs, these fancy SIDs.

The only name that is guaranteed to be universally available across
a heterogeneous Kerberos 5 infrastructure is the Kerberos principal
name, because that is the lowest common denominator that every
implementation must understand and provide.

And frankly, if you look at the transformation calls that Microsoft
provides between SIDs and Kerberos principal names (in both directions)
an which names you need where (do SIDs work as target names with
Microsoft's Kerberos SSP?)


> 
> I don't have any intention to break GSS_Canonicalize_name(), but to
> provide for alternatives to name-based authorization, specifically
> authorization by "internal" IDs (e.g., POSIX UIDs, GIDs, Windows SIDs).

The problem with UUIDs, GUIDs or Windows SIDs is, that although
there may be less motivation to change or reuse them over time
than printable names, but

 - they're still inherently non-portable across heterogenous environments
 - they're not used natively for maintenance by (human) admins
   and therefore translation/lookup APIs are necessary for the transformations
 - the use of UUIDs, GUIDs or Windows SIDs vs. printable names is
   often quite inconsistent in those areas where they're used
 - the translation/conversion APIs between the printable and the
   binary canonical forms are often insufficient, plain broken or even
   missing/non-functional in existing implementations.
 - the translation/conversion usually requires access to a central
   name service / directory and therefore credentials, and that
   is a serious problem for some environments and some uses.


Funny that you mention POSIX uid_t.  They used to be 16-bit on Unix,
providing a *MUCH* smaller space than Kerberos principal names,
and they're only valid locally which makes them less useful.


>
> Yes, we intend to provide at least runtime feature detection facilities,
> as well as compile-time facilities for language bindings where that
> makes sense.  Runtime feature detection facilities can be used to build
> compile-time profiles, BTW (think of GNU autoconf); as Sam points out,
> this not ideal for cross-compilation, but in a pinch it will do.
> 
> (And note that link-time feature detection is also possible; think of
> weak symbolic references, shared object filters).

I consider unix system loader / runtimer linker behaviour with
the global symbol space, function overloading and other nuisances
among the worst of evil inventions in IT.

As soon as code from different sources that has never seen each
other before meets on a customers machine and causes problems,
you will realize that.

Just recently I had to deal with an AIX problem coming from the
crazy "-brtl -bnortllib" linker switches, and when you dig into
the underlying issues, you'll realize that the responsible
engineer were plain nuts.


>
> I want to keep this implementation specific, though most implementations
> allow for/default to finding a credential in the "credential store"
> corresponding to the calling thread's/process' current user context
> (note: I consider a PAG to be part of such a user context).  On such
> platforms the application must switch to the user context of the user
> for which it wants to acquire credentials; many applications don't have
> the privilege to do so.

A lot of code is not prepared for "impersonation" kind of techiques
or even breaks.  Usually this model makes abstraction much much harder,
because you need access to the lower level handle to switch around
at the application layer, which means you have to tunnel the access
through all layers.

Even Microsoft's Software breaks in various ways because it cannot
correctly cope with this architecture.

I.e. when doing an NTLM SSPI-authentication and impersonation.
After an authentication through the network with a failed logon
to a domain account and a fallback to the local guest account,
QueryContextAttributes(Names) will ALWAYS return an account name
that looks nice, but doesn't even exist (i.e. PC_NBNAME\DOM_USER
instead of PC_NBNAME\GUEST) and LookupAccountSID() will do
the exact same error when it's call while still impersonating.
So you have to Impersonate, QueryToken,Revert,LookupAccountSID
to reliably get the real name...
I reported this bug to Microsoft in 1997, but I think it never
got fixed in NT4 and I never felt like checking whether W2K
still has it.

The problem here is that with sufficiently modularized code and
sufficient abstraction, you don't know which API calls will
actually perform operations where OS-level access control is
involved so to play on the safe side you'll probably have
to switch between original and impersonated identity like
crazy and localize the impersonation code path as closely
as possible to exactly those operations that should be
performed under the impersonating user.

But as I said--with sufficiently modularized code you'll
get into troubles sooner or later, so that inside a
high-level abstracted function that is supposed to be
performed under impersonation, you'll suddenly have a
need to do a translation/lookup which ultimately
does a remote request through the network, and *Booom*
you have a problem.  Now you do not only have to tunnel
the handle for switching access tokens not only
backup to the application layer, but also downward
into abstract modularized service functions which may
eventually have a need for it.


That's a *lot* of work for being inherently non-portable.

And believe me, there are a lot of things that simply can not
be mapped to Posix style access control.  That model is ok
for a simple fileserver (or a web-server that is effectively
used in a fileserver manner), but not for a lot of real
world scenarious with magnitudes higher complexity.

If it were easy, then you could write down a mapping of
e.g. an X.509 cert basic constraints and (extended) key usage extensions
into a Posix style ACL...  ;-)


-Martin

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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
To: "Ken Raeburn" <raeburn@MIT.EDU>
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 Ken Raeburn wrote:
> And, frankly, I think having the latitude to=20
> implement things so as to test for broken=20
> assumptions makes a lot of sense, > particularly=20
> in what's supposed to be a generic framework.=20

But this is not specific to SPNEGO and it dose not belong to here.
furthermore, the word SHOULD does allow you test applications properly.

> So even if generating the token for the preferred mech is an expensive

> operation or involves prompting the user for input, and is known only=20
> to be supported by a couple of servers out of the dozens that the
client=20
> will use, you think the token should be generated before negotiating=20
> whether the mech will be used?

Using the optimistic token allows you to select the next available mech.
It is a broken design if your gss_init_sec_context involves a prompt
(and that is not part of 2743/2744), even worse without letting the
users know what the credentials will be used for. This is a security
weakness on your side, and we do not have this in SSPI.

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: Ken Raeburn [mailto:raeburn@MIT.EDU]=20
Sent: Friday, November 05, 2004 1:55 PM
To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
Cc: kitten@ietf.org; Martin Rex
Subject: Re: Comments on Larry's SPNEGO draft

On Nov 5, 2004, at 16:12, Liqiang((Larry)) Zhu wrote:
> Martin Rex wrote:
>> It is *NOT* the applications decision to do optimistic negotiation,
> that is entirely at the discretion of the SPNEGO
>> implementation and it can not even be requested by the application at
> the API level.
>
>> However a SHOULD or a MUST would give a poor excuse to applications=20
>> or
> upper level protocol designers to rely on the
>> optimistic negotiation to succeed -- which is not what SPNEGO was=20
>> made
> for.
>
> If I understand you correctly, you argued to increase the # of round=20
> trips to test if existing applications are written correctly to handle

> arbitrarily large # of round trips, or to break future applications=20
> that are not written correctly. I regret to see this kind of arguments

> even exist

He's not arguing for a SHOULD NOT.  (At least, not in the quoted
paragraphs, I haven't seen the full original message yet.)  He's arguing
to be allowed to use the extra round, at his discretion as the SPNEGO
implementor.

And, frankly, I think having the latitude to implement things so as to
test for broken assumptions makes a lot of sense, particularly in what's
supposed to be a generic framework.  You may not want to do it for
production use when performance matters, but being able to exercise the
multiple round trip case with (for example) Kerberos will catch bugs
earlier than waiting for a mechanism that can only work that way, and
then discovering that you can't use it at all because of one buggy
implementation.

>> What convincing problem do you have with MAY?
>
> The following argument should justify a SHOULD (or even a MUST).
>
> "The optimistic token SHOULD always be provided. This is because if=20
> you do not use the optimistic token, and gss_init_sec_context fails=20
> with a continue-able/non-fatal error after the two sides already agree

> upon a common mech, we can not renegotiate the next best available
mechanism.
> That is not acceptable."

So even if generating the token for the preferred mech is an expensive
operation or involves prompting the user for input, and is known only to
be supported by a couple of servers out of the dozens that the client
will use, you think the token should be generated before negotiating
whether the mech will be used?

Ken


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On Sat, Nov 06, 2004 at 12:19:35AM +0100, Martin Rex wrote:
> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> > 
> > > The purpose of MNs is for authentication (ACL checks).  Even
> >                             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> > Nit: authorization.
> 
> Nope, I really meant authentication.  The check whether we do recognize
> the canonical name that we get as the result of one (out of many)
> methods to authenticate a user.  In our application for example
> this is the transformation of a name as known to the gssapi mechanism
> into the legacy namespace of our application.
> 
> Authorization, including wether we allow this user to logon at all
> is done later in the game.  I don't even want to talk about the
> fine-grained authorization profiles that come into play once
> the user passes our logon checks.

Ah, ok, this is very specific to your app.

> >
> > For those who don't remember, we've argued as to the, shall we say,
> > quality of gss_canonicalize_name()'s output.
> > 
> > The crux of the matter is this: all these names are really based on
> > human-readable names (for example, the exported name token for the
> > Kerberos V mechanism is really an encoding of a Kerberos V principal and
> > realm name), but these can change and may require online infrastructure
> > to validate.
> 
> The crux of the matter is that Kerberos 5 authentication is by definition
> based on printable Kerberos principal names. Period.

Yup.

> I know that when Microsoft uses Kerberos for authentication, it entirely
> ignores the Kerberos principal names that are involved when they
> find a PAC inside the ticket.  However this only works in a homogeneous
> Microsoft Windows environment.  As soon as you include non-Microsoft-W2K
> machines in your infrastructure (or use a non-Microsoft KDC), you
> can not use the canonical representation of a name which microsoft
> uses in their proprietary ACLs, these fancy SIDs.
> 
> The only name that is guaranteed to be universally available across
> a heterogeneous Kerberos 5 infrastructure is the Kerberos principal
> name, because that is the lowest common denominator that every
> implementation must understand and provide.

We propose portable GSS-APIv3 interfaces to facilitate use of internal
identifiers.

> > 
> > I don't have any intention to break GSS_Canonicalize_name(), but to
> > provide for alternatives to name-based authorization, specifically
> > authorization by "internal" IDs (e.g., POSIX UIDs, GIDs, Windows SIDs).
> 
> The problem with UUIDs, GUIDs or Windows SIDs is, that although
> there may be less motivation to change or reuse them over time
> than printable names, but
> 
>  - they're still inherently non-portable across heterogenous environments

This is less of an issue than you think (but I'm not prepared, today,
for lack of time, to back this up with a full treatment).

>  - they're not used natively for maintenance by (human) admins
>    and therefore translation/lookup APIs are necessary for the transformations

That's ok, we all use them, at least on such platforms as Unix, Windows.

>  - the use of UUIDs, GUIDs or Windows SIDs vs. printable names is
>    often quite inconsistent in those areas where they're used

I'm not sure what you mean here.

>  - the translation/conversion APIs between the printable and the
>    binary canonical forms are often insufficient, plain broken or even
>    missing/non-functional in existing implementations.

See above.

>  - the translation/conversion usually requires access to a central
>    name service / directory and therefore credentials, and that
>    is a serious problem for some environments and some uses.

Sort of.  Just as tickets can carry authorization data, so could certs
(the necessary hooks are already there).

> Funny that you mention POSIX uid_t.  They used to be 16-bit on Unix,
> providing a *MUCH* smaller space than Kerberos principal names,
> and they're only valid locally which makes them less useful.

But they're not 16-bit wide anymore.  Certainly not on Solaris.

> > (And note that link-time feature detection is also possible; think of
> > weak symbolic references, shared object filters).
> 
> I consider unix system loader / runtimer linker behaviour with
> the global symbol space, function overloading and other nuisances
> among the worst of evil inventions in IT.

I'll pass on this comment.

> As soon as code from different sources that has never seen each
> other before meets on a customers machine and causes problems,
> you will realize that.

Users should not use LD_LIBRARY_PATH, if that's what you mean.  Yes,
abuse of LD_LIBRARY_PATH leads to Bad Things.

> > I want to keep this implementation specific, though most implementations
> > allow for/default to finding a credential in the "credential store"
> > corresponding to the calling thread's/process' current user context
> > (note: I consider a PAG to be part of such a user context).  On such
> > platforms the application must switch to the user context of the user
> > for which it wants to acquire credentials; many applications don't have
> > the privilege to do so.
> 
> A lot of code is not prepared for "impersonation" kind of techiques
> or even breaks.  Usually this model makes abstraction much much harder,
> because you need access to the lower level handle to switch around
> at the application layer, which means you have to tunnel the access
> through all layers.
> 
> Even Microsoft's Software breaks in various ways because it cannot
> correctly cope with this architecture.
> 
> I.e. when doing an NTLM SSPI-authentication and impersonation.
> After an authentication through the network with a failed logon
> to a domain account and a fallback to the local guest account,
> QueryContextAttributes(Names) will ALWAYS return an account name
> that looks nice, but doesn't even exist (i.e. PC_NBNAME\DOM_USER
> instead of PC_NBNAME\GUEST) and LookupAccountSID() will do
> the exact same error when it's call while still impersonating.
> So you have to Impersonate, QueryToken,Revert,LookupAccountSID
> to reliably get the real name...
> I reported this bug to Microsoft in 1997, but I think it never
> got fixed in NT4 and I never felt like checking whether W2K
> still has it.
> 
> The problem here is that with sufficiently modularized code and
> sufficient abstraction, you don't know which API calls will
> actually perform operations where OS-level access control is
> involved so to play on the safe side you'll probably have
> to switch between original and impersonated identity like
> crazy and localize the impersonation code path as closely
> as possible to exactly those operations that should be
> performed under the impersonating user.
> 
> But as I said--with sufficiently modularized code you'll
> get into troubles sooner or later, so that inside a
> high-level abstracted function that is supposed to be
> performed under impersonation, you'll suddenly have a
> need to do a translation/lookup which ultimately
> does a remote request through the network, and *Booom*
> you have a problem.  Now you do not only have to tunnel
> the handle for switching access tokens not only
> backup to the application layer, but also downward
> into abstract modularized service functions which may
> eventually have a need for it.
> 
> 
> That's a *lot* of work for being inherently non-portable.

Again, I lack the time to provide a full answer to this.  Suffice it to
say that I disagree and will come back to this later (probably much
later).

Nico
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Martin, the current draft only discusses mechanisms that are fully
compliant with RFC2744/2743.  I CAN NOT discuss the implementation
details of NTLMSSP because 1) it is not relevant here, 2) one needs a
protocol license to get the information you are asking for.

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: Martin Rex [mailto:martin.rex@sap.com]=20
Sent: Friday, November 05, 2004 3:42 PM
To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
Cc: raeburn@MIT.EDU; kitten@ietf.org; martin.rex@sap.com
Subject: Re: Comments on Larry's SPNEGO draft

Liqiang\ wrote:
>=20
> > And, frankly, I think having the latitude to implement things so as=20
> > to test for broken assumptions makes a lot of sense, particularly in

> > what's supposed to be a generic framework.
>=20
> But this is not specific to SPNEGO and it dose not belong to here.
> furthermore, the word SHOULD does allow you test applications
properly.

It's nice to have and it doesn't hurt.

>=20
> > So even if generating the token for the preferred mech is an=20
> > expensive operation or involves prompting the user for input, and is

> > known only to be supported by a couple of servers out of the dozens=20
> > that the client will use, you think the token should be generated=20
> > before negotiating whether the mech will be used?
>=20
> Using the optimistic token allows you to select the next available
mech.
> It is a broken design if your gss_init_sec_context involves a prompt=20
> (and that is not part of 2743/2744), even worse without letting the=20
> users know what the credentials will be used for. This is a security=20
> weakness on your side, and we do not have this in SSPI.

Pardon me -- which SSPI are we discussing.

According to my MSDN documentation, Microsoft's SSPI has the following
context attribute flag that can be requested from
InitializeSecurityContext():

  PROMPT_FOR_CREDS   If the client is an interactive user, the security
                     package must, if possible, prompt the user for the
                     appropriate credentials.=20

And My VS98\VC98\INLCUDE\SSPI.H file dated 24-Apr-1998 contains the
following definition:

  #define ISC_REQ_PROMPT_FOR_CREDS        0x00000040


I never tried this, so I don't know whether Microsoft's SSPs are
conforming with Microsoft's SSPI spec, however I don't see how that
popup could possibly inform the user about the purpose of the password
prompt.

With NTLM, one doesn't have to supply a target name, and with Kerberos
User2User (which Microsoft's Kerberos SSP offers) it should not
_technically_  be necessary to provide a target name, although I haven't
tested what happens if I do not supply the peers name.

-Martin

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On Nov 5, 2004, at 18:23, Liqiang((Larry)) Zhu wrote:
>> So even if generating the token for the preferred mech is an expensive
>> operation or involves prompting the user for input, and is known only
>> to be supported by a couple of servers out of the dozens that the
> client
>> will use, you think the token should be generated before negotiating
>> whether the mech will be used?
>
> Using the optimistic token allows you to select the next available 
> mech.
> It is a broken design if your gss_init_sec_context involves a prompt
> (and that is not part of 2743/2744), even worse without letting the
> users know what the credentials will be used for. This is a security
> weakness on your side, and we do not have this in SSPI.

Well, forget the prompting then.  Expensive operations (big 
calculations, excessive directory queries, etc), then.  If it's the 
preferred method for use with the servers that support it, and known to 
be supported only by a few servers of the many the user is likely to 
contact, the work should still be done for every server anyways?

Ken


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Ken Raeburn wrote:
> If it's the preferred method for use with the servers that support it,

> and known to be supported only by a few servers of=20
> the many the user is likely to contact, the work should still be=20
> done for every server anyways?

You want to avoid/delay these expensive operations till we know for sure
what is the common mech. This should be allowed. In that case, I would
reluctantly agree to demote the "SHOULD" to "MAY", but as a compromise I
would add that the receiver MUST process the optimistic token if one is
included. Do you agree?

-- larry

-----Original Message-----
From: Ken Raeburn [mailto:raeburn@MIT.EDU]=20
Sent: Friday, November 05, 2004 4:34 PM
To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
Cc: <kitten@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: Comments on Larry's SPNEGO draft

On Nov 5, 2004, at 18:23, Liqiang((Larry)) Zhu wrote:
>> So even if generating the token for the preferred mech is an=20
>> expensive operation or involves prompting the user for input, and is=20
>> known only to be supported by a couple of servers out of the dozens=20
>> that the
> client
>> will use, you think the token should be generated before negotiating=20
>> whether the mech will be used?
>
> Using the optimistic token allows you to select the next available=20
> mech.
> It is a broken design if your gss_init_sec_context involves a prompt=20
> (and that is not part of 2743/2744), even worse without letting the=20
> users know what the credentials will be used for. This is a security=20
> weakness on your side, and we do not have this in SSPI.

Well, forget the prompting then.  Expensive operations (big
calculations, excessive directory queries, etc), then.  If it's the
preferred method for use with the servers that support it, and known to
be supported only by a few servers of the many the user is likely to
contact, the work should still be done for every server anyways?

Ken


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*sigh*  I thought I recalled RFC 2119 better than I did.
"SHOULD" carries less weight than I thought it did, and the same weight 
as "RECOMMENDED", which I was going to suggest as sounding weaker than 
(I thought) "SHOULD" sounded, while still encouraging developers to go 
in that direction.

So, I guess I'm okay with "SHOULD" (or "RECOMMENDED") after all.  
Sorry...

Ken


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As I promised, the next version should be out shortly after IETF61.

1) Sam: section 3.2 (b) and (d) seemed to be self inconsistent, this is
corrected/clarified now.

2) Sam and Martin: consideration of non-standard track mechanisms: if
the target does not support negotiation, should we return BAD_MECH or
DEFFECTIVE_TOKEN?=20

3) Martin and Sam: the support of negotiation without integrity. Perhaps
this should be added back.

4) Sam, Ken, and Martin: SHOULD or MAY? on the use of optimistic token.
Wyllys requested an example where the optimistic token is not used. The
latest draft is updated with new details.

5) Sam and Martin: the support of partially established context, no
disagreement, but Martin suggested pre-emptive clarifications.

6) Sam and Wyllys: on the rules for when it is safe to omit MIC. This
was designed to interop with Windows2000/WindowsXP/Windows2003 SPNEGO
when there is no interference.  This is perhaps the most controversial
part of this draft. Sam and Wyllys were looking into these. We should
discuss these in details in the next few days.  I am putting down a
separate section to discuss these now.

7) Sam, further clarifications on how the MIC token is computed.

8) Sam, what is the possible use of extensibility marker

9) Wyllys: fair amount of editorial issues, these are fixed now.

10) Wyllys: should the MIC token be used to protect reqFlags as well?

11) Luke, should we use out-of-band mechanisms for SPNEGO to negotiate
whether the implementations are updated to support mechListMIC? Aka the
GSS_C_EXPECTING_MECH_LIST_MIC_FLAG GssChecksum flag.

-- Larry

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Date: Mon, 08 Nov 2004 14:25:10 -0500
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The presentations for today's IETF61 Kitten meeting can be found online 
in PowerPoint and PDF formats at:

   http://web.mit.edu/jaltman/Public/Kitten/ietf61/ietf61-kitten.ppt
   http://web.mit.edu/jaltman/Public/Kitten/ietf61/ietf61-kitten.pdf

The meeting will take place at 15:30 EST.  Online participation is 
encouraged via Jabber:

  	Jabber Server:  ietf.xmpp.org
	Room Name:      kitten

Jeffrey Altman



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Subject: Add PRF_READY flag (similar to PROT_READY) for PRF?
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Would it make sense to add a new GSS_Init_sec_context flag PRF_READY
to make it possible to use the PRF function earlier?  The flag would
be similar to PROT_READY.  Alternatively, overload the PROT_READY flag
to mean that the PRF function is ready too?

Just an idea,
Simon


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>>>>> "Ken" == Ken Raeburn <raeburn@MIT.EDU> writes:

    >>> What convincing problem do you have with MAY?
    >>  The following argument should justify a SHOULD (or even a
    >> MUST).
    >> 
    >> "The optimistic token SHOULD always be provided. This is
    >> because if you do not use the optimistic token, and
    >> gss_init_sec_context fails with a continue-able/non-fatal error
    >> after the two sides already agree upon a common mech, we can
    >> not renegotiate the next best available mechanism.  That is not
    >> acceptable."

    Ken> So even if generating the token for the preferred mech is an
    Ken> expensive operation or involves prompting the user for input,
    Ken> and is known only to be supported by a couple of servers out
    Ken> of the dozens that the client will use, you think the token
    Ken> should be generated before negotiating whether the mech will
    Ken> be used?

Yes absolutely.  You need to generate a initial token for any
mechanism you offer to guarantee that you can actually do so.

--Sam


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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov  8 15:51:03 2004
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Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
>     Ken> So even if generating the token for the preferred mech is an
>     Ken> expensive operation or involves prompting the user for input,
>     Ken> and is known only to be supported by a couple of servers out
>     Ken> of the dozens that the client will use, you think the token
>     Ken> should be generated before negotiating whether the mech will
>     Ken> be used?
> 
> Yes absolutely.  You need to generate a initial token for any
> mechanism you offer to guarantee that you can actually do so.

I do not agree.

Although it might be a good in many environments if SPNEGO would check
each mechanism for credentials availability (i.e. gss_acquire_cred)
before listing it in the mechanism list, I don't think that it is
(or should be) a general requirement.

I don't think that doing the initial gss_init_sec_context() for every
mechanism in advance is a good idea.


There are too many "mechanisms" in widespread use that require entry
of either a longterm secret or a passphrase which protects the longterm
secret, and I think none of those should query the user for a secret
unless there is a high probability it is actually required for
succeeding.  The majority of authentication systems currently in use
is still password-based, unfortunately.


-Martin

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>>>>> "Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:


    Martin> I don't think that doing the initial
    Martin> gss_init_sec_context() for every mechanism in advance is a
    Martin> good idea.

Then we need to do something more complex.  For Kerberos you really
need to do the init_sec_ctx because until you do that you don't know
if the target has credentials.

BTW, are you going to be on jabber for this meeting? (kitten@xmpp.ietf.org)


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If I recall correctly (and from looking at my own code), in order to 
interoperate
with Microsoft's SPNEGO implementation, the MIC must never be sent by an
initiator nor should it be expected or processed by an acceptor.

If this is the case, then I don't think we risk breaking backwards 
compatibility
by including the reqFlags in the MIC calculation for the new spec.   It 
would
obviously be incompatible with the current spec, but the risk of breaking
deployed implementations is very small.

So, someone remind me again, why not put reqFlags in the MIC ?

-Wyllys


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Wyllys Ingersoll wrote:
> 
> If I recall correctly (and from looking at my own code), in order to 
> interoperate with Microsoft's SPNEGO implementation, the MIC must
> never be sent by an initiator nor should it be expected or processed
> by an acceptor.

I have no experience with Microsoft's SPNEGO implementation, so I'm
curious:

The situation that an initiator would be required to send a mechListMIC
would only happen for an odd number of context establishment tokens,
accompanying the final context establishment token from initiator
to target.

For rfc-1964 this would affect target-only authentication (i.e. when
"mutual" authentication is not requested), and for Microsoft's Kerberos SSP
it would also affect the proprietary user2user authentication (which is
quite difficult to avoid when the KDC is a W2K3 AD in W2K3 native mode).

The absence of the mechListMIC token is equivalent to *NO* protection of
the negotiation.  As the purpose of the protection is primarily to prevent
a downgrade attack on a mechanism List that includes weak mechanisms,
there shouldn't be a problem when the strongest available choice
is Kerberos and the negotiation result is Kerberos, even when the
mechListMic is absent.

There will be a problem when stronger mechanisms (or stronger variants
of Kerberos) are added.

In the original SPNEGO spec, the mechListMIC was a MUST.  How much
of the must can we retain in the successor spec, i.e. how tightly can
we identify the interop scenarios with broken SPNEGO implementations
so that we can actually retain the "P" of SPNEGO.

Keep in mind that the many of PKI-based gssapi mechanisms have an
odd number of security context tokens in the handshake!

I would prefer when we could keep the MUST send mechListMIC, but document
the precise interop scenarios for a particular broken implementation, so
any SPNEGO that negotiate and starts a handshake with a non-rfc1964
(and non-microsoft-user2user?) mechanism MUST send the mechListMIC
as the original spec required.


-Martin 

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FYI, we had a discussion with Larry over lunch and he convinced us
that his negotiation rules are reasonable and always provide
protection for a new implementation.

--Sam


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I think that sasl needs to be modified to use domain based names.

rfc2222 specifies it want to use GSS_C_NT_HOSTBASED_SERVICE with service
and hostname as service@hostname.

and since nico uses ldap, that uses sasl, as an example. I think think
needs to make into consideration if the example is ever is going to work.

Love


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On Tue, Nov 09, 2004 at 11:22:17PM +0100, Love wrote:
> 
> I think that sasl needs to be modified to use domain based names.
> 
> rfc2222 specifies it want to use GSS_C_NT_HOSTBASED_SERVICE with service
> and hostname as service@hostname.

Yes.  At this rate rfc2222bis might as well be modified accordingly and
have a reference to the domain based naming i-d added to be.

> and since nico uses ldap, that uses sasl, as an example. I think think
> needs to make into consideration if the example is ever is going to work.

Yes.

Thanks for pointing this out.

Nico
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On Mon, Nov 08, 2004 at 08:33:12PM +0100, Simon Josefsson wrote:
> Would it make sense to add a new GSS_Init_sec_context flag PRF_READY
> to make it possible to use the PRF function earlier?  The flag would
> be similar to PROT_READY.  Alternatively, overload the PROT_READY flag
> to mean that the PRF function is ready too?

I thought about this and decided against it on the KISS principle.  Of
course, the EAP folks may disagree.  I suppose I should as them...  I
will.

Nico
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I'm jumping in the middle of the conversation, but I don't see what EAP
would require to know this early. 

Joe

kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org wrote:
> On Mon, Nov 08, 2004 at 08:33:12PM +0100, Simon Josefsson wrote:
>> Would it make sense to add a new GSS_Init_sec_context flag PRF_READY
>> to make it possible to use the PRF function earlier?  The flag would
>> be similar to PROT_READY.  Alternatively, overload the PROT_READY
>> flag to mean that the PRF function is ready too?
> 
> I thought about this and decided against it on the KISS
> principle.  Of course, the EAP folks may disagree.  I suppose
> I should as them...  I will.
> 
> Nico


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>>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@Sun.COM> writes:

    Nicolas> On Tue, Nov 09, 2004 at 11:22:17PM +0100, Love wrote:
    >>  I think that sasl needs to be modified to use domain based
    >> names.
    >> 
    >> rfc2222 specifies it want to use GSS_C_NT_HOSTBASED_SERVICE
    >> with service and hostname as service@hostname.

    Nicolas> Yes.  At this rate rfc2222bis might as well be modified
    Nicolas> accordingly and have a reference to the domain based
    Nicolas> naming i-d added to be.

Are there any 2222 implications or is it just a gssapi implication?


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At 09:49 AM 11/10/2004, Sam Hartman wrote:

>>>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@Sun.COM> writes:
>
>    Nicolas> On Tue, Nov 09, 2004 at 11:22:17PM +0100, Love wrote:
>    >>  I think that sasl needs to be modified to use domain based
>    >> names.
>    >> 
>    >> rfc2222 specifies it want to use GSS_C_NT_HOSTBASED_SERVICE
>    >> with service and hostname as service@hostname.

To be clear, its the "GSSAPI" mechanism specification in RFC 2222
which wants this... not the SASL framework specification that
wants this.

>    Nicolas> Yes.  At this rate rfc2222bis might as well be modified
>    Nicolas> accordingly and have a reference to the domain based
>    Nicolas> naming i-d added to be.
>
>Are there any 2222 implications or is it just a gssapi implication?

This might have "GSSAPI"-bis implications (sasl-gssapi), but it
shouldn't have any SASL framework (sasl-2222bis) implications.

Kurt 


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Love's point is that RFC2222 specifically talks about what server names
are like, and that is like hostbased-services.  Introducing new name
types for SASL mechs may require changing this.

Nico
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From: Wyllys Ingersoll <wyllys.ingersoll@sun.com>
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I've attempted to condense and summarize the rules for when
an acceptor and initiator need to process the MIC tokens (section 3.2).

I'm not certain I've captured every nuance, but the goal is to simplify
the text and clarify the rules.

-Wyllys


ACCEPTOR RULES
1. The initiators preferred mech is accepted by the target and acceptor
    could not have selected anything else no matter what the
    initiators sent.  Initiator included initial token and no further
    input is needed from initiator.
         - MUST NOT send MIC back to initiator
         - return GSS_S_COMPLETE

[ in short: if the target supports only 1 mechanism, and that is what
   the initiator requested, then no need for a MIC as long as
   no additional initiator tokens are needed ]

2. Initiators preferred mech is accepted, but the acceptor *could*
    have selected  a different mech if a different list had been presented.
         - send MIC and "accept incomplete" status if initial token
           was included and no further tokens are needed from initiator.
         - do NOT send MIC if initial token was not included or
           additional initiator tokens are needed.

3. Initiators non-preferred mech is accepted.
         - acceptor returns GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED with negotiation token
           and "accept_incomplete" status and the selected mechanism OID.
         - no MIC in response and no response mechanism token.

INITIATOR RULES

4. Initiator gets "accept complete" from target, the selected mech
    is the original preferred mech.
         - initiator SHALL NOT reject if no MIC is present.
            * this rule is to maintain backwards compatibility ?
         - if MIC present, verify and return GSS_S_BAD_MIC if incorrect.

5. Initiator gets "accept complete" from target, but the selected mech
    is not the preferred mech and no MIC or incorrect MIC is present.
         - return GSS_S_BAD_MIC status

6. Initiator gets "accept_incomplete" and no further tokens from
    target are required to complete the context establishment.
         - if target returned a MIC, initiator must verify it
           and return GSS_S_BAD_MIC if it fails.  If MIC verifies
           correctly, return GSS_S_COMPLETE.
         - if target did not include a MIC, initiator must indicate
           GSS_S_BAD_MIC status.


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IETF 61: Kitten Working Group Summary
Monday, November 8, 2004
Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@secure-endpoints.com> [chair]

Presentations: 
  http://web.mit.edu/jaltman/Public/Kitten/ietf61/ietf61-kitten.pdf

The chair announced the creation of the working group by the
IESG; reviewed the charter and the groups initial milestones.

Since the BOF at IETF 60 there has been significant progress
on:
+ describing the GSS Naming problem
+ solving the interoperability problems between protected SPNEGO 
  and implementations which have been widely deployed
+ defining the requirements and interfaces for PRFs
+ C# bindings
+ Roadmap document

Nico gave a presentation on PRF

Nico gave a presentation on Domain Names

Chair presented Corby Morris' presentation on C# Bindings

Larry Zhu gave a presentation on SPNEGO

Sam Hartman gave a presentation on GSS Naming

Chair lead discussion on whether or not implementation of Kerberos 5 
mechanism support for PRF and Domain Names should take place in kitten
or krb-wg.


DECISIONS (to be validated on the list):

+ Maintaining interoperability with existing deployed SPNEGO implementations
  is more important then the ability to add new features such as protect 
  reqFlags

+ No consensus was reached on whether the use of an optimistic token in SPNEGO
  will be SHOULD or MAY.

+ There are strong feelings against the relaxing the MUST NOT applied to the
  negotiation of mechanisms which do not support integrity protection

+ The GSS Naming document will describe the problem space and not just 
  solutions

+ The Kerberos 5 mechanism documents will working group documents of Kitten.
  We will work closely with the Kerberos WG to ensure proper review and we
  we last call in both.  This decision was made by flipping a coin.


ACTION ITEMS:

+ Larry Zhu will follow up on the outstanding issues with SPNEGO and report
  to the list by Fri Nov 19

+ The chair will send a list of working group documents to the secretariat

+ Nico Williams will publish new I-Ds for PRF and Domain Names including 
  results of recent on-list discussions

+ The Chair will contact Sun Java Security team to obtain a draft describing
  the incompatibilities between RFC and org.ietf.jgss

+ Sam Hartman will revise GSS Naming document and then hand it off to a new
  editor



MILESTONES:

Nov 04	  	First Meeting
Dec 04          Prepare SPNEGO for Last Call
Mar 05	  	Submit SPNEGO to the IESG as Proposed Standard
Mar 05	  	First drafts of either 'Clarifications to GSSAPIv2' as 
                Informational OR submit 'Generic Security Service Application 
                Program Interface Version 2, Update 2' and 'Generic Security 
                Service API Version 2, Update 2 : C-bindings' to the IESG as 
                Proposed Standard   
Jul 05	  	Submit either 'Clarifications to GSSAPIv2' as Informational OR 
                submit 'Generic Security Service Application Program Interface 
                Version 2, Update 2' and 'Generic Security Service API Version 
                2, Update 2 : C-bindings' to the IESG as Proposed Standard   
Jul 05	  	Submit 'The Channel Conjunction Mechanism (CCM) for the 
                GSSAPI' to the IESG as Proposed Standard 
Jul 05	  	Submit 'The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism 
                (Revised)' to the IESG as Proposed Standard 
Nov 05	  	Submit 'GSSAPI Mechanisms without a Unique Canonical Name' to 
                the IESG as Proposed Standard 
Jul 06	  	Submit 'Generic Security Service Application Program Interface 
                Version 3' to the IESG as Proposed Standard  
Jul 06	  	Submit 'Generic Security Service API Version 3 : C-bindings' 
                to the IESG as Proposed Standard 
Jul 06	  	Submit 'Generic Security Service API Version 3 : Java and C# 
                bindings' to the IESG as Proposed Standard 
Nov 06	  	Charter Review





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Date: Thu, 11 Nov 2004 11:12:38 -0500
From: Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu>
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Subject: Re: SPNEGO SOMIC rules
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I am aware that Larry has spent a great deal of time over the last
couple of days working on the SPNEGO draft and the SOMIC rules in
particular.  I suggest we hold off discussions until Larry is able
to post an updated draft next week.

Jeffrey Altman


Wyllys Ingersoll wrote:

> 
> I've attempted to condense and summarize the rules for when
> an acceptor and initiator need to process the MIC tokens (section 3.2).
> 
> I'm not certain I've captured every nuance, but the goal is to simplify
> the text and clarify the rules.
> 
> -Wyllys


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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Nov 11 15:47:29 2004
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>>>>> "Jeffrey" == Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu> writes:

    Jeffrey> I am aware that Larry has spent a great deal of time over
    Jeffrey> the last couple of days working on the SPNEGO draft and
    Jeffrey> the SOMIC rules in particular.  I suggest we hold off
    Jeffrey> discussions until Larry is able to post an updated draft
    Jeffrey> next week.

I actually think Larry should also post a summary of the discussions
as well as the draft.


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Wyllys Ingersoll wrote:
> 
> I've attempted to condense and summarize the rules for when
> an acceptor and initiator need to process the MIC tokens (section 3.2).
> 
> I'm not certain I've captured every nuance, but the goal is to simplify
> the text and clarify the rules.

I'm sorry, but I find your description quite difficult to understand.

As I said, I would really prefer if the spec itself unconditionally
required to create and send the MIC as in the original spec.

In addition, I'd like to see a precise list of all scenarios for
which one has to omit the mechListMic in order to interoperate with
a particular broken implementation and an explanation for each case
why this particular omission does not open a vulnerability.

-Martin

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Martin Rex wrote:
> Wyllys Ingersoll wrote:
> 
>>I've attempted to condense and summarize the rules for when
>>an acceptor and initiator need to process the MIC tokens (section 3.2).
>>
>>I'm not certain I've captured every nuance, but the goal is to simplify
>>the text and clarify the rules.
> 
> 
> I'm sorry, but I find your description quite difficult to understand.

Sorry about that.  I think there were several off-list conversations about
this stuff at IETF this past week.  Once everyone returns and has time to
digest it all, I believe a proper summary will appear on this list and in
an updated draft.

For now, I won't bother trying to explain my previous summary since
some of what I wrote was already out of date when I wrote it.

-Wyllys


> 
> As I said, I would really prefer if the spec itself unconditionally
> required to create and send the MIC as in the original spec.
> 
> In addition, I'd like to see a precise list of all scenarios for
> which one has to omit the mechListMic in order to interoperate with
> a particular broken implementation and an explanation for each case
> why this particular omission does not open a vulnerability.
> 
> -Martin



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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Nov 12 17:12:44 2004
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Martin Rex wrote:

> Wyllys Ingersoll wrote:
> 
>>I've attempted to condense and summarize the rules for when
>>an acceptor and initiator need to process the MIC tokens (section 3.2).
>>
>>I'm not certain I've captured every nuance, but the goal is to simplify
>>the text and clarify the rules.
> 
> 
> I'm sorry, but I find your description quite difficult to understand.
> 
> As I said, I would really prefer if the spec itself unconditionally
> required to create and send the MIC as in the original spec.
> 
> In addition, I'd like to see a precise list of all scenarios for
> which one has to omit the mechListMic in order to interoperate with
> a particular broken implementation and an explanation for each case
> why this particular omission does not open a vulnerability.
> 
> -Martin

Martin:

The IETF meeting just finished and everyone is traveling.  Please
give Larry a few days to return to Microsoft and send an update to
the list with a summary of the in-person discussions.  I think it
will clear things up quite a bit.

As for requiring a MIC in all cases, this is a problem if we want
to ensure interoperability with the existing deployed implementations.
In the meeting there was strong consensus that interoperability is
a desired goal.  I believe that it is possible for us to maintain
a limited set of situations in which it is safe for the MIC to be
omitted.  I will give Larry time to explain early next week in a
revised draft.

Thanks.

Jeffrey Altman


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I am working on this right now.

-- larry

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Martin Rex
Sent: Friday, November 12, 2004 1:41 PM
To: Wyllys Ingersoll
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: SPNEGO SOMIC rules

Wyllys Ingersoll wrote:
>=20
> I've attempted to condense and summarize the rules for when an=20
> acceptor and initiator need to process the MIC tokens (section 3.2).
>=20
> I'm not certain I've captured every nuance, but the goal is to=20
> simplify the text and clarify the rules.

I'm sorry, but I find your description quite difficult to understand.

As I said, I would really prefer if the spec itself unconditionally
required to create and send the MIC as in the original spec.

In addition, I'd like to see a precise list of all scenarios for which
one has to omit the mechListMic in order to interoperate with a
particular broken implementation and an explanation for each case why
this particular omission does not open a vulnerability.

-Martin

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Nov 12 17:31:31 2004
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> 
> Sorry about that.  I think there were several off-list conversations about
> this stuff at IETF this past week.  Once everyone returns and has time to
> digest it all, I believe a proper summary will appear on this list and in
> an updated draft.
> 
> For now, I won't bother trying to explain my previous summary since
> some of what I wrote was already out of date when I wrote it.

OK.

The purpose of the protection in SPNEGO was to assure *BOTH* sides
that the negotiation wasn't doctored by an active attacker.  The
mechListMic is supposed to provide this assurance for both at least
as long as the receiver of the mechListMIC will reliably abort
when either the mechListMIC is missing or when it doesn't match.

You will break the general scheme as soon as you allow one side to
continue without having either sent a mechListMIC or received
and verified a mechListMIC.

Therefore, if it is to be permitted -- an explanation is necessary
why or how there still is **MUTUAL** assurance that the negotiation
was not doctored.

Keep in mind that the initiator never knows which or how many
mechanisms the acceptor has available.

An active attacker would be able to modify the initial token sent
by the initiator (remove mechanisms, reorder mechanisms, remove
optimistic token), and remove a mechListMic from later negotiation
tokens.


Personally, I have the feeling that allowing the omission of the
mechListMic token breaks the protection scheme...

-Martin

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Martin Rex wrote:

> The purpose of the protection in SPNEGO was to assure *BOTH* sides
> that the negotiation wasn't doctored by an active attacker.  The
> mechListMic is supposed to provide this assurance for both at least
> as long as the receiver of the mechListMIC will reliably abort
> when either the mechListMIC is missing or when it doesn't match.

Martin:

Please be assured that the working group, myself and the area
directors are very aware of the requirement to ensure that only
cases in which we can prove that both the client and server will
choose the desired mechanism without outside influence can be
sent without a MIC.  There are a sufficient set of cases in which
this is true that we can provide interoperability with the existing
deployed implementations in the common cases.

I expect you will be happy with the outcome.

Jeffrey Altman



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The attached are very draft minutes from the meeting.
I would appreciate it if presenters would review my comments
on their sections.  (Sam, I know the gss naming needs lots of
polish I just ran out of time and wanted to get this out asap.)

As a note to the working group, I will be on vacation from
Nov 13 to Nov 22.  Please be aware that I will not be responding
to e-mail during that time period but will respond to all requests
upon my return.

Jeffrey Altman



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IETF 61: Kitten Working Group Summary
Monday, November 8, 2004
Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@secure-endpoints.com> [chair]

Presentations: 
  http://web.mit.edu/jaltman/Public/Kitten/ietf61/ietf61-kitten.pdf

The chair announced the creation of the working group by the
IESG; reviewed the charter and the group's initial milestones.
(please see the presentation slides for details).

Since the BOF at IETF 60 there has been significant progress
on:
+ describing the GSS Naming problem
+ solving the interoperability problems between protected SPNEGO 
  and implementations which have been widely deployed
+ defining the requirements and interfaces for PRFs
+ C# bindings
+ producing a roadmap document



Nico Williams gave a presentation on Pseudo-random function API:
Many applications would like to obtain an encryption key from the
GSSAPI context.  Breaking the abstraction layer to obtain the 
negotiated key is dangerous.  To solve the problem we are proposing
the use of a new PRF seeded with internal keying material.
Calls to GSS_Pseudo_Random() will be deterministic.  When initialized 
with the same context and input it will produce the same output.



Nico Williams gave a presentation on a Kerberos v5 GSS Mech PRF:
We will construct the Krb5 PRF based on the Kerberos v5 crypto
framework PRF.  For new mechanisms we will always use the acceptor's 
subkey.  For 1964 mechs the initiator subkey can be used.
Key usage to be determined.



Nico Williams gave a presentation on Domain based Service Names for
GSS and the Krb5 Mechanism:
Domain based Service names are meant mitigate against attacks caused
by the use of insecure DNS SRV to obtain the host/service pair for a 
given domain.
The generic name syntax is: 
  <service>@<domain>@<host>
an OID for GSS_C_NT_DOMAINBASED_SERVICE needs to be allocated.
Since the I-Ds were published the Krb5 name form was changed to 
  <service>/<hostname>/<domain>@<REALM>
An open question is "how do we determine the realm of the domain?"
We do not want the realm to be that of the host.
+ Must fold edits in for:
  – Domain name not optional in 'query' name form
  – Switch order of krb5 princ name components
  - Add Security considerations
Both I-Ds will soon be ready for WG Last Call


Chair presented Corby Morris' presentation on C# Bindings
C# bindings will be very similar to the Java bindings except for 
some minor differences in the method declarations due to language
requirements.  draft-morris-java-gssapi-update-for-csharp

Note: Java Security team will soon submit an update to RFC 2853 
which will correct differences between the rfc and the implemented
org.ietf.jgss package.


Larry Zhu gave a presentation on SPNEGO:
The goals for this work is to update 2478 to restore the 'P' in SPNEGO while
maintaining backwards compatibility with the existing Windows SPNEGO 
implementation.  Initial draft published: draft-zhu-spnego-2478bis-00
The basis of the backwards compatibility is provided by a set of rules
called: Safe-To-Omit-MIC rules.  

Significant issues: 
 + Safe-to-omit MIC rules: what are they? and when can they be used?
 + should we protect reqFlags?
 + SHOULD or MAY use optimistic token? 
 + How is the MIC token computed?  
 + Do we need out -of-band negotiation with down-level clients and servers?
There was heavy discussion on the need for negotiation and the case for 
maintaining compatibility with existing implementations even though they
do not implement the existing RFC.  Conclusions were that negotiation is 
important and there is a need to provide protected negotiation while 
maintaining interoperability if it can be done securely. 
The discussion on the use of the optimistic token did not produce an opinion
on the use of SHOULD vs MAY.  There were strong feelings against supporting
the use of mechanisms which do not provide integrity protection.  No 
conclusion was reached on how the MIC token is to be computed.  Is it over 
the OCTET-STREAM, with or without the OID.
  
 

Sam Hartman gave a presentation on GSS Naming:
The immediate goal of this document has been to describe problems that 
we're trying to solve to prevent scope creep. We want to support 
authentication of internal identities (uuids) and allow applications 
to work with parts of composite names.  Applications should be able to
query available credentials and presented names based on components
and thereby find the most appropriate credential for a target.
(Martin Rex points out that you can't do authentication of internal 
identities portably today) We think it can be portable, and Nico and I think 
at least we can do a lot better than we can do today.  There are several 
levels of GSSAPI v2 compatibility we need to look at.
 + New mechanisms used by old applications (should they be visible?  
   Or only do GSSAPI v2 features?)
 + File formats for ACLs containing names
Possible Solutions include name attributes, GSSAPI credential extensions, 
client given ability to assert a name, a facility for enumerating the 
credentials that we have, choose different credential depending on the 
party that they're talking to.

name attributes: names are composed of attributes
attributes are OID label plus ??????

client aserted names: allow clients to assert part of a name to be exported.
tell implementation what part of the name that it gets.
this would provide better compatibility with older applications

credential extensions: add labelled extensions to credentials
similar in functionality to name attirubutes, but requires more changes to contexts.

credential enumeration: Basically a "GSSAPI klist"
facility to find credentials that are available.

Consensus was reached that we will have a document describing the solution space.



Chair lead discussion on whether or not implementation of Kerberos 5 
mechanism support for PRF and Domain Names should take place in kitten
or krb-wg.


DECISIONS (to be validated on the list):

+ Maintaining interoperability with existing deployed SPNEGO implementations
  is more important then the ability to add new features such as protect 
  reqFlags

+ No consensus was reached on whether the use of an optimistic token in SPNEGO
  will be SHOULD or MAY.

+ There are strong feelings against the relaxing the MUST NOT applied to the
  negotiation of mechanisms which do not support integrity protection

+ The GSS Naming document will describe the problem space and not just 
  solutions

+ The Kerberos 5 mechanism documents will working group documents of Kitten.
  We will work closely with the Kerberos WG to ensure proper review and we
  we last call in both.  This decision was made by flipping a coin.


ACTION ITEMS:

+ Larry Zhu will follow up on the outstanding issues with SPNEGO and report
  to the list by Fri Nov 19

+ The chair will send a list of working group documents to the secretariat

+ Nico Williams will publish new I-Ds for PRF and Domain Names including 
  results of recent on-list discussions

+ The Chair will contact Sun Java Security team to obtain a draft describing
  the incompatibilities between RFC and org.ietf.jgss

+ Sam Hartman will revise GSS Naming document and then hand it off to a new
  editor



MILESTONES:

Nov 04	  	First Meeting
Dec 04          Prepare SPNEGO for Last Call
Mar 05	  	Submit SPNEGO to the IESG as Proposed Standard
Mar 05	  	First drafts of either 'Clarifications to GSSAPIv2' as 
                Informational OR submit 'Generic Security Service Application 
                Program Interface Version 2, Update 2' and 'Generic Security 
                Service API Version 2, Update 2 : C-bindings' to the IESG as 
                Proposed Standard   
Jul 05	  	Submit either 'Clarifications to GSSAPIv2' as Informational OR 
                submit 'Generic Security Service Application Program Interface 
                Version 2, Update 2' and 'Generic Security Service API Version 
                2, Update 2 : C-bindings' to the IESG as Proposed Standard   
Jul 05	  	Submit 'The Channel Conjunction Mechanism (CCM) for the 
                GSSAPI' to the IESG as Proposed Standard 
Jul 05	  	Submit 'The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism 
                (Revised)' to the IESG as Proposed Standard 
Nov 05	  	Submit 'GSSAPI Mechanisms without a Unique Canonical Name' to 
                the IESG as Proposed Standard 
Jul 06	  	Submit 'Generic Security Service Application Program Interface 
                Version 3' to the IESG as Proposed Standard  
Jul 06	  	Submit 'Generic Security Service API Version 3 : C-bindings' 
                to the IESG as Proposed Standard 
Jul 06	  	Submit 'Generic Security Service API Version 3 : Java and C# 
                bindings' to the IESG as Proposed Standard 
Nov 06	  	Charter Review





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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Nov 13 18:37:53 2004
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Subject: Re: SPNEGO SOMIC rules
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>>>>> "Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:

    >>  Sorry about that.  I think there were several off-list
    >> conversations about this stuff at IETF this past week.  Once
    >> everyone returns and has time to digest it all, I believe a
    >> proper summary will appear on this list and in an updated
    >> draft.
    >> 
    >> For now, I won't bother trying to explain my previous summary
    >> since some of what I wrote was already out of date when I wrote
    >> it.

    Martin> OK.

    Martin> The purpose of the protection in SPNEGO was to assure
    Martin> *BOTH* sides that the negotiation wasn't doctored by an
    Martin> active attacker.  The mechListMic is supposed to provide
    Martin> this assurance for both at least as long as the receiver
    Martin> of the mechListMIC will reliably abort when either the
    Martin> mechListMIC is missing or when it doesn't match.

Thanks for hitting so quickly on the crux of the issue.
I'd like your help in understanding exactly which guarantee SPNEGO makes.

I'd like to draw your attention to section 3.2.2 of RFC 2478.  This
section describes the processing of the mechListMIC field.  Let's
consider a mechanism with an even number of tokens.

If I'm reading that section correctly, then the acceptor will return
the mechListMIC to the initiator at the same time it returns complete
to the application.  In particular, it seems like an attacker could
change the initiator's mechanism list and the acceptor would still
return complete to its application.  The initiator could never be made
to return complete  to its application.

Still, this attack would be valuable against a protocol that used GSS
authentication but did not later use gss_wrap or gss_getmic.


Is my understand correct?  If so, it sounds like the guarantee that
RFC 2748 makes is that at least one party must fail the authentication
if the negotiation is attacked, but the other party may complete the
negotiation.

Thanks,

--Sam

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Nov 13 18:44:54 2004
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Eventually I'm going to have to take the SPNEGO document to the IESG
and convince them that what we propose is secure.  I'll also have to
convince them that the complexity Larry is introducing is necessary.
I will need the cooperation of the working group in several areas in
order to do that.  I think that providing answers to the questions I'm
asking will also help all of us be sure that we are approaching the
problem reasonably.

Larry is introducing rules describing when it is safe to omit the MIC.
Before the first rule is presented, the document needs to explain why
we are introducing this complexity.  I believe that the answer is
roughly that we are able to maintain interoperability with older
broken implementations of the SPEC while maintaining the security
guarantees if we introduce this complexity.  Presumably we believe
this interoperability is necessary to get the new version deployed.


We should have an answer to the question of why we don't provide a
simple solution in the case where the implementation is known to be
new.  We could choose to offer such a solution.  We could also decide
that an optional simple mode would be more error-prone than always
requiring the complexity.

Next, in the security considerations section, the document must
explain what security guarantees SPNEGO will make.  The document must
argue that Larry's rules will meet these guarantees.


--Sam

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Nov 13 18:54:05 2004
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Subject: Concerns about forbidding mechanisms without integrity
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I understand the desire to require integrity.  I'm also concerned if
SASL and GSSAPI diverge in the space of mechanisms they can support.
In effect this decision would be requiring useful GSS mechanisms to
support integrity.

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Jeffrey Altman wrote:
> Martin Rex wrote:
> > The purpose of the protection in SPNEGO was to assure *BOTH* sides
> > that the negotiation wasn't doctored by an active attacker.  The
> > mechListMic is supposed to provide this assurance for both at least
> > as long as the receiver of the mechListMIC will reliably abort
> > when either the mechListMIC is missing or when it doesn't match.
> 
> Please be assured that the working group, myself and the area
> directors are very aware of the requirement to ensure that only
> cases in which we can prove that both the client and server will
> choose the desired mechanism without outside influence can be
> sent without a MIC.  There are a sufficient set of cases in which
> this is true that we can provide interoperability with the existing
> deployed implementations in the common cases.
> 
> I expect you will be happy with the outcome.

I'm not so sure whether there really are situation where the
mechListMic can be omitted without loosing the protection.

As Wyllys indicated, an acceptor might want to use a different mechanism
even if it supports the optimistic token provide by the initiator,
so the mechListMIC is even required for the case where the acceptor
uses the optimistic token in order to ensure that the acceptor
really got to see the undoctored mechanism list of the client.

-Martin
 

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Nov 16 11:01:51 2004
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Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
> Thanks for hitting so quickly on the crux of the issue.
> I'd like your help in understanding exactly which guarantee SPNEGO makes.
> 
> I'd like to draw your attention to section 3.2.2 of RFC 2478.  This
> section describes the processing of the mechListMIC field.  Let's
> consider a mechanism with an even number of tokens.
> 
> If I'm reading that section correctly, then the acceptor will return
> the mechListMIC to the initiator at the same time it returns complete
> to the application.  In particular, it seems like an attacker could
> change the initiator's mechanism list and the acceptor would still
> return complete to its application.  The initiator could never be made
> to return complete  to its application.
> 
> Still, this attack would be valuable against a protocol that used GSS
> authentication but did not later use gss_wrap or gss_getmic.
> 
> 
> Is my understand correct?  If so, it sounds like the guarantee that
> RFC 2748 makes is that at least one party must fail the authentication
> if the negotiation is attacked, but the other party may complete the
> negotiation.

Yes, this is correct.

-Martin

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On Tue, Nov 16, 2004 at 04:48:30PM +0100, Martin Rex wrote:
> I'm not so sure whether there really are situation where the
> mechListMic can be omitted without loosing the protection.

The meta-rule is this:

    If the acceptor selects the initiator's preferred mechanism (i.e.,
    the first one on the mechList) and there is no mechanism which, had
    it been present in mechList, the acceptor wouldn't have preferred
    over the initiator's preferred mech, then no mechListMIC exchange is
    needed.

The reason this works is that though an MITM may change the mechList
seen by the acceptor, as long as what it did had no material impact on
the negotiation then the attack is irrelevant.  And if the attack would
have a material impact on the negotiation, then one, the other or both
peers will insist on a mechListMIC exchange (unless both are legacy
implementations).

This rule translates easily into actual rules to be implemented by
initiators and acceptors.  The interesting twist is how to perform the
mechListMIC exchange in a way that is, er, friendly to legacy
implementations.  I'll let Larry provide the remaining details, and
maybe an alternate view of the above.

> As Wyllys indicated, an acceptor might want to use a different mechanism
> even if it supports the optimistic token provide by the initiator,
> so the mechListMIC is even required for the case where the acceptor
> uses the optimistic token in order to ensure that the acceptor
> really got to see the undoctored mechanism list of the client.

The meta-rule applies, and works, regardless of whether the initiator
sends an optimistic context token or not.

Nico
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Martin Rex wrote:

> I'm not so sure whether there really are situation where the
> mechListMic can be omitted without loosing the protection.
> 
> As Wyllys indicated, an acceptor might want to use a different mechanism
> even if it supports the optimistic token provide by the initiator,
> so the mechListMIC is even required for the case where the acceptor
> uses the optimistic token in order to ensure that the acceptor
> really got to see the undoctored mechanism list of the client.
> 
> -Martin
>  

I do think it is safe to omit the MIC in certain situations.
For example, the initiator sends only 1 mechanism in the list.
If the acceptor returns a token for a different mech, the client would
just reject this immediately and the that session would fail.  Even if a
MITM had altered the list and the acceptor chose the altered mech list,
the initiator would notice the change and kill the session, so the
attack effectively would have failed.

Forcing the use of the MIC in all cases will certainly break backwards
compat, so we are trying hard to define this such that backwards
compat is maintained in addition to clarifying the spec and making
it more secure for future implementors.

-Wyllys

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Wyllys Ingersoll wrote:
> 
> I do think it is safe to omit the MIC in certain situations.
> For example, the initiator sends only 1 mechanism in the list.
> If the acceptor returns a token for a different mech, the client would
> just reject this immediately and the that session would fail.  Even if a
> MITM had altered the list and the acceptor chose the altered mech list,
> the initiator would notice the change and kill the session, so the
> attack effectively would have failed.

That's an assessment that an observer with meta-knowledge can do!

However where is the programmatic assurance for the acceptor in
this case that the client only supports a single mechanism
(and not more, but the others got removed from the list by an attacker).

Your example looks like a situation where the "protection" of
the negotiation is lost.

> 
> Forcing the use of the MIC in all cases will certainly break backwards
> compat, so we are trying hard to define this such that backwards
> compat is maintained in addition to clarifying the spec and making
> it more secure for future implementors.

Forcing the MIC will *NOT* break backwards compatibility, but
removing the requirement will undoubtedly break backwards compatibility!

Forcing the MIC unconditionally as in the original spec may break
interoperability with an installed based of a particular broken
implementation.

You have to keep in mind that not all implementors of an IETF spec are
going to participate in IETF discussions or activities!  In fact, in
the GSS-API area, the majority of vendors that have done interoperability
certification with our app based on the GSS-API v2 spec are *NOT*
active in the IETF.

So just because *we* here only know about one particular broken
implementation doesn't mean that there are correct implementations
out there that we're going to break by making a non-backwards
compatible change of the spec.  And that change is *NOT* to fix
the spec (in fact, from the engineering point of view this change
is a bad idea), but to get around fixing that one broken implementation.

-Martin


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>>>>> "Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:

    Martin> Wyllys Ingersoll wrote:
    >>  I do think it is safe to omit the MIC in certain situations.
    >> For example, the initiator sends only 1 mechanism in the list.
    >> If the acceptor returns a token for a different mech, the
    >> client would just reject this immediately and the that session
    >> would fail.  Even if a MITM had altered the list and the
    >> acceptor chose the altered mech list, the initiator would
    >> notice the change and kill the session, so the attack
    >> effectively would have failed.

    Martin> That's an assessment that an observer with meta-knowledge
    Martin> can do!

    Martin> However where is the programmatic assurance for the
    Martin> acceptor in this case that the client only supports a
    Martin> single mechanism (and not more, but the others got removed
    Martin> from the list by an attacker).

The server knows (because the new protocol will mandate this behavior)
that a client will demand a MIC if the client sees the server trying
to negotiate anything other than the most preferred mechanism of the
client.  That's part of the meta-rule Nico proposes.

Again, how the client demands a MIC is something Larry's draft will
explain.

It should be clear thought that the situation where the client offers
only one mechanism is secure provided that the client can demand a MIC
and correctly coded clients do demand a MIC in the appropriate
situations.



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Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
> The server knows (because the new protocol will mandate this behavior)
> that a client will demand a MIC if the client sees the server trying
> to negotiate anything other than the most preferred mechanism of the
> client.  That's part of the meta-rule Nico proposes.
> 
> Again, how the client demands a MIC is something Larry's draft will
> explain.

OK, I'll wait and see.

> 
> It should be clear thought that the situation where the client offers
> only one mechanism is secure provided that the client can demand a MIC
> and correctly coded clients do demand a MIC in the appropriate
> situations.

I think that a client that has only a single mechanism an uses SPNEGO
is broken, it should be using the underlying gss-api mechanism directly,
and will become interoperable with peers that do not support SPNEGO.

Actually, the client's SPNEGO implementation could make that optimization
instead of going for the SPNEGO exchange with optimistic token.  That way
it will not only omit/save the mechListMIC, but all the SPNEGO overhead
and complexity.

When I asked Larry whether their IIS would correctly handle a
Kerberos token instead of a Kerberos-optimistic-token-within-SPNEGO
when doing the HTTP-authentication, he claimed this should work.

Suggesting such a change for *initiators* would *not* impair backwards
compatibility with correct implementations of SPNEGO (which may exist).

-Martin



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>>>>> "Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:


    Martin> I think that a client that has only a single mechanism an
    Martin> uses SPNEGO is broken, it should be using the underlying
    Martin> gss-api mechanism directly, and will become interoperable
    Martin> with peers that do not support SPNEGO.

    Martin> Actually, the client's SPNEGO implementation could make
    Martin> that optimization instead of going for the SPNEGO exchange
    Martin> with optimistic token.  That way it will not only
    Martin> omit/save the mechListMIC, but all the SPNEGO overhead and
    Martin> complexity.

we need to mandate that a server receieving a normal mechanism token
but expecting an SPNEGO token should respond appropriately if we're
going to allow this optimization.  I don't mind mandating that, but I
don't think we do today.


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Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
> we need to mandate that a server receieving a normal mechanism token
> but expecting an SPNEGO token should respond appropriately if we're
> going to allow this optimization.  I don't mind mandating that, but I
> don't think we do today.

It has always been a(n implicit) requirement that SPNEGO makes a well-behaved
multi-mechanism with the underlying real gss-api mechanisms,
i.e. that the OID in the generic framing of the initial security
context token is passed to and processed by the respective
gssapi mechanism on the server side.

-Martin

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Martin Rex wrote:

> 
> I think that a client that has only a single mechanism an uses SPNEGO
> is broken, it should be using the underlying gss-api mechanism directly,
> and will become interoperable with peers that do not support SPNEGO.
> 

Technically it's not broken, though it is clearly not a very useful or efficient
use of the protocol.

> Actually, the client's SPNEGO implementation could make that optimization
> instead of going for the SPNEGO exchange with optimistic token.  That way
> it will not only omit/save the mechListMIC, but all the SPNEGO overhead
> and complexity.
> 
> When I asked Larry whether their IIS would correctly handle a
> Kerberos token instead of a Kerberos-optimistic-token-within-SPNEGO
> when doing the HTTP-authentication, he claimed this should work.

I believe IIS does indeed handle this correctly.   If you send IIS a
GSSAPI/Kerberos initial token without SPNEGO, it will accept it and respond with
GSSAPI/Kerberos tokens accordingly.    I have tested this myself
in the past.  This is how Mozilla is able to implement Microsoft's
HTTP "Negotiate" authentication without requiring SPNEGO on the
clients, it just sends GSSAPI/KRB5 tokens instead.

> 
> Suggesting such a change for *initiators* would *not* impair backwards
> compatibility with correct implementations of SPNEGO (which may exist).

Right.

-Wyllys

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Subject: Re: SPNEGO SOMIC rules
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Sam Hartman wrote:
>>>>>>"Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:
> 
> 
> 
>     Martin> I think that a client that has only a single mechanism an
>     Martin> uses SPNEGO is broken, it should be using the underlying
>     Martin> gss-api mechanism directly, and will become interoperable
>     Martin> with peers that do not support SPNEGO.
> 
>     Martin> Actually, the client's SPNEGO implementation could make
>     Martin> that optimization instead of going for the SPNEGO exchange
>     Martin> with optimistic token.  That way it will not only
>     Martin> omit/save the mechListMIC, but all the SPNEGO overhead and
>     Martin> complexity.
> 
> we need to mandate that a server receieving a normal mechanism token
> but expecting an SPNEGO token should respond appropriately if we're
> going to allow this optimization.  I don't mind mandating that, but I
> don't think we do today.


Perhaps there should be some sort of statement in the new SPNEGO
draft that clearly states that initiators who only send 1 mech in the
mechlist should not use SPNEGO at all and just use their preferred
mechanism.  Likewise, servers that accept SPNEGO should also be
able to accept initial tokens for any of their supported mechanisms
without SPNEGO wrapping.

-Wyllys

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Nov 16 17:46:17 2004
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From: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
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Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
>     Martin> It has always been a(n implicit) requirement that SPNEGO
>     Martin> makes a well-behaved multi-mechanism with the underlying
>     Martin> real gss-api mechanisms, i.e. that the OID in the generic
>     Martin> framing of the initial security context token is passed to
>     Martin> and processed by the respective gssapi mechanism on the
>     Martin> server side.
> 
> This requirement has not been clear to the rest of the IETF.  The most
> notable example of this is the dnsext working group's interpretation
> of the spec, but none of us who were at the meeting were able to come
> up with text to convince them they were wrong.

This requirement is implicit from the GSS-API architecture that
allowed for multi-mechanisms even before SPNEGO was invented.
The server/acceptor MUST always look at the mechanism OID of the
initial context token and dispatch the token accordingly


Before SPNEGO, a client with multiple mechanism was required to
choose a particular mechanism and try that (and possibly fail).

SPNEGO was added to allow to negotiate among the set of available
mechanisms, not having to go through failures at the application
level when trying to find a matching mechanism.

However SPNEGO was never designed to preclude direct selection
of a particular mechanism and was never allowed to force itself
onto the application.

The prerequisite for SPNEGO to get used at all is mentioned in rfc2478:

4.1.  Initial steps

   (I) supports two security mechanism types (GSS-MECH1 and GSS-MECH2).

   (I) invokes GSS_Init_sec_context() with :

   Input
     mech_type = OID for negotiation mechanism or NULL, if the
     negotiation mechanism is the default mechanism.


In case that the input mech_type is *NOT* SPNEGO (or NULL and teh local
default mechanism is not SPNEGO), then the initial security context
token will not be an SPNEGO token.  It is as simple as that.


-Martin

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>This requirement is implicit from the GSS-API architecture that
>allowed for multi-mechanisms even before SPNEGO was invented.
>The server/acceptor MUST always look at the mechanism OID of the
>initial context token and dispatch the token accordingly

Agreed, but there is an argument that protocols that do their own
security mechanism negotiation such as SASL and RPC may wish to
restrict the list of GSS mechanisms they are willing to accept.

-- Luke

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Luke Howard wrote:
> 
> >This requirement is implicit from the GSS-API architecture that
> >allowed for multi-mechanisms even before SPNEGO was invented.
> >The server/acceptor MUST always look at the mechanism OID of the
> >initial context token and dispatch the token accordingly
> 
> Agreed, but there is an argument that protocols that do their own
> security mechanism negotiation such as SASL and RPC may wish to
> restrict the list of GSS mechanisms they are willing to accept.

SPNEGO is not a real mechanism, but a pseudo- or wrapping mechanism
that only provide negotiation and leaves the actual work to one of
the underlying real gssapi mechanisms.

Therefore I would expect any mechanism like you mention (SASL,RPC)
that does negotiation on its own to reject SPNEGO, if any, because
SPNEGO is not a mechanism itself and hides the actual mechanism
token inside a non-trivial SPNEGO-token, and not necessarily in the
first one.

-Martin

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Subject: Re: Comments: gssapi-domain-based-name
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Nicolas Williams wrote:

>Love's point is that RFC2222 specifically talks about what server names
>are like, and that is like hostbased-services.  Introducing new name
>types for SASL mechs may require changing this.
>  
>
2222bis only refers to service names. I can't find anywhere in the text 
reference to hostnames.

I think only the GSSAPI draft is affected.


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On Wed, Nov 17, 2004 at 01:11:08PM +0000, Alexey Melnikov wrote:
> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> >Love's point is that RFC2222 specifically talks about what server names
> >are like, and that is like hostbased-services.  Introducing new name
> >types for SASL mechs may require changing this.
> > 
> >
> 2222bis only refers to service names. I can't find anywhere in the text 
> reference to hostnames.
> 
> I think only the GSSAPI draft is affected.

Good.  I'll come up with some text.

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When it was designed, SPNEGO was *NOT* supposed to be an additional
protocol layer, but instead a special-purpose pseudo- mechanism
of a gssapi multi-mechanism implementation.  As an additional protocol
level, it would require a flag day, while as a multi-mechanism there
is a migration path (i.e. you start adding SPNEGO to the servers
and later on clients at your convenience, still maintaining
interoperability with non-SPNEGO clients because of the
multi-mechanism capabilities of GSS-API where the server/acceptor
recognizes the actual gssapi mechanism by looking at the mechanism
OID in the initial security context token. 

Maybe we should explicitly describe this in the successor document
as the absence of this appears to have caused some people to
make flawed assumptions.


It seems that I also forgot about one special feature of SPNEGO
which the SESAME guys were actually using:  "mechanism variants".
Although it's a non-portable (implementation specific) extension,
I have no objections.

Therefore, I would appreciate something like a "MAY" or at most
a "SHOULD" for entirely omitting SPNEGO framing when there's only
a single mechanism availble for the initiator, but never a MUST.


Quoting from rfc2478:

   2.  NEGOTIATION MODEL

   2.1.  Negotiation description

      The model for security mechanism negotiation reuses a subset of the
      concepts specified in [2].

      Each OID represents one GSS-API mechanism or one variant of it.

Did anyone wonder what the "variant of it" was supposed to mean?

When the guys from Bull designed SNEGO (the protection "P" was added
to their proposal when it was disussed in the cat-ietf wg), then
they did not only use it to negotiate among seperate mechanisms,
but also for variants of a single mechanism (their mechanism seemed
to lack the capability to negotiate crypto algorithms).  So they
proposed to append further elements to the gssapi mechanism ASN.1 OID
to indicate crypto algorithms (QOPs) or other mechanism specific
options (in a non-portable fashion).  The original description was
dropped from rfc2478, but I assume it was used like that by SESAME.
(When the SNEGO proposal was originally brought up (~1997), there was
 a sample implementation available for download from Bull.)

The original text about mechanism variants was this:

    As most existing GSS-API security mechanisms can support different
    options (such as differing cryptographic algorithms due to policy or
    legislative constraints), the Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation
    Mechanism allows to negotiate security mechanisms including their
    options (i.e. variants). Mechanism options can be considered as
    providing a type of "quality of protection" for security contexts.
    
    To facilitate mechanism negotiation, the OID which currently defines a
    security mechanism is "extended" to be able to specify options within a
    security mechanism rather than simply the basic mechanism. When the OID
    specifies the mechanism only and no explicit option, then this means
    that the default option is used. The default option and the specific
    options for a given mechanism are as defined in the IETF GSS-API
    specification(s) for the mechanism.
    
    This allows to negotiate basic security mechanisms, different options
    within a given security mechanism or different options from several
    basic security mechanisms.

That approach was dropped from the spec by the cat-ietf wg because
would have


-Martin


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I wonder if SPNEGO needs to pick up a copy of the standard
multi-layer-negotiation considered harmful argument?  I wonder if
we're getting to a point where we need a single version of that
document to reference.


(I bring up this comment because Martin's discussion of GSSAPI
variants reminds me that doing stuff like that at the SPNEGO layer is
the only safe way to do it in a case where you have the SPNEGO layer
at all.  Probably not so true for crypto algorithms, but true for
anything that can influence the choice of mechanism.)

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On Wed, Nov 17, 2004 at 01:37:48PM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> I wonder if SPNEGO needs to pick up a copy of the standard
> multi-layer-negotiation considered harmful argument?  I wonder if
> we're getting to a point where we need a single version of that
> document to reference.

Yes, yes.

> 
> (I bring up this comment because Martin's discussion of GSSAPI
> variants reminds me that doing stuff like that at the SPNEGO layer is
> the only safe way to do it in a case where you have the SPNEGO layer
> at all.  Probably not so true for crypto algorithms, but true for
> anything that can influence the choice of mechanism.)

"only" is a bit strong, but I digress :)

Nico
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Thread-Topic: SPNEGO SOMIC rules
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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
To: <martin.rex@sap.com>, "Sam Hartman" <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>
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Martin Rex wrote:
> OK, I'll wait and see.

The next version of this draft is still in review by the authors. It
should be available to publish soon, but I just sent Martin a copy of
the initial version.

-- Larry



-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Martin Rex
Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2004 12:51 PM
To: Sam Hartman
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: SPNEGO SOMIC rules

Sam Hartman wrote:
>=20
> The server knows (because the new protocol will mandate this behavior)

> that a client will demand a MIC if the client sees the server trying=20
> to negotiate anything other than the most preferred mechanism of the=20
> client.  That's part of the meta-rule Nico proposes.
>=20
> Again, how the client demands a MIC is something Larry's draft will=20
> explain.

OK, I'll wait and see.

>=20
> It should be clear thought that the situation where the client offers=20
> only one mechanism is secure provided that the client can demand a MIC

> and correctly coded clients do demand a MIC in the appropriate=20
> situations.

I think that a client that has only a single mechanism an uses SPNEGO is
broken, it should be using the underlying gss-api mechanism directly,
and will become interoperable with peers that do not support SPNEGO.

Actually, the client's SPNEGO implementation could make that
optimization instead of going for the SPNEGO exchange with optimistic
token.  That way it will not only omit/save the mechListMIC, but all the
SPNEGO overhead and complexity.

When I asked Larry whether their IIS would correctly handle a Kerberos
token instead of a Kerberos-optimistic-token-within-SPNEGO
when doing the HTTP-authentication, he claimed this should work.

Suggesting such a change for *initiators* would *not* impair backwards
compatibility with correct implementations of SPNEGO (which may exist).

-Martin



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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
To: "Wyllys Ingersoll" <wyllys.ingersoll@sun.com>,
        "Sam Hartman" <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>
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 Wyllys Ingersoll wrote:
> Perhaps there should be some sort of statement in the new SPNEGO draft
that clearly states that initiators who only send 1=20
> mech in the mechlist should not use SPNEGO at all and just use their
preferred mechanism.  Likewise, servers that accept > > SPNEGO should
also be able to accept initial tokens for any of their supported
mechanisms without SPNEGO wrapping.

No, this might solve the case with a SUN client and MS server, but not
the case with a MS client and a SUN server. Our clients do have more
than one to offer.

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Wyllys Ingersoll
Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2004 1:28 PM
To: Sam Hartman
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: SPNEGO SOMIC rules

Sam Hartman wrote:
>>>>>>"Martin" =3D=3D Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:
>=20
>=20
>=20
>     Martin> I think that a client that has only a single mechanism an
>     Martin> uses SPNEGO is broken, it should be using the underlying
>     Martin> gss-api mechanism directly, and will become interoperable
>     Martin> with peers that do not support SPNEGO.
>=20
>     Martin> Actually, the client's SPNEGO implementation could make
>     Martin> that optimization instead of going for the SPNEGO exchange
>     Martin> with optimistic token.  That way it will not only
>     Martin> omit/save the mechListMIC, but all the SPNEGO overhead and
>     Martin> complexity.
>=20
> we need to mandate that a server receieving a normal mechanism token=20
> but expecting an SPNEGO token should respond appropriately if we're=20
> going to allow this optimization.  I don't mind mandating that, but I=20
> don't think we do today.


Perhaps there should be some sort of statement in the new SPNEGO draft
that clearly states that initiators who only send 1 mech in the mechlist
should not use SPNEGO at all and just use their preferred mechanism.
Likewise, servers that accept SPNEGO should also be able to accept
initial tokens for any of their supported mechanisms without SPNEGO
wrapping.

-Wyllys

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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
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=20
> I think that a client that has only a single mechanism an uses SPNEGO
is broken, it should be using the underlying gss-
> api mechanism directly, and will become interoperable with peers that
do not support SPNEGO.

You are correct, SPNEGO is useful when the client supports more than one
mechanism. Our clients have two mechanism to offer, we want to 1)
interoperate with other implementations, 2) allow negotiation.=20

-- Larry


-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Martin Rex
Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2004 12:51 PM
To: Sam Hartman
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: SPNEGO SOMIC rules

Sam Hartman wrote:
>=20
> The server knows (because the new protocol will mandate this behavior)

> that a client will demand a MIC if the client sees the server trying=20
> to negotiate anything other than the most preferred mechanism of the=20
> client.  That's part of the meta-rule Nico proposes.
>=20
> Again, how the client demands a MIC is something Larry's draft will=20
> explain.

OK, I'll wait and see.

>=20
> It should be clear thought that the situation where the client offers=20
> only one mechanism is secure provided that the client can demand a MIC

> and correctly coded clients do demand a MIC in the appropriate=20
> situations.

I think that a client that has only a single mechanism an uses SPNEGO is
broken, it should be using the underlying gss-api mechanism directly,
and will become interoperable with peers that do not support SPNEGO.

Actually, the client's SPNEGO implementation could make that
optimization instead of going for the SPNEGO exchange with optimistic
token.  That way it will not only omit/save the mechListMIC, but all the
SPNEGO overhead and complexity.

When I asked Larry whether their IIS would correctly handle a Kerberos
token instead of a Kerberos-optimistic-token-within-SPNEGO
when doing the HTTP-authentication, he claimed this should work.

Suggesting such a change for *initiators* would *not* impair backwards
compatibility with correct implementations of SPNEGO (which may exist).

-Martin



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Liqiang(Larry) Zhu wrote:
>  Wyllys Ingersoll wrote:
> 
>>Perhaps there should be some sort of statement in the new SPNEGO draft
> 
> that clearly states that initiators who only send 1 
> 
>>mech in the mechlist should not use SPNEGO at all and just use their
> 
> preferred mechanism.  Likewise, servers that accept > > SPNEGO should
> also be able to accept initial tokens for any of their supported
> mechanisms without SPNEGO wrapping.
> 
> No, this might solve the case with a SUN client and MS server, but not
> the case with a MS client and a SUN server. Our clients do have more
> than one to offer.

In the case of the Solaris GSS server, it would accept GSS-SPNEGO or GSS-KRB5,
either one would work.  The point I was making is that GSS servers should
not restrict themselves to accept *only* SPNEGO, so that if a client only
supports a single mechanism, the server would still be able to process it.

-Wyllys

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I'm assuming we do not need a mechanism for critical extensions in
SPNEGO.  It is doable if we standardize it now, but it would be a hack
and would not be in the spirit of the GSSAPI.  Typically in GSSAPI
applications, the client must verify that the context is acceptable
after negotiation.

--Sam


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On Fri, Nov 19, 2004 at 05:52:14PM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> I'm assuming we do not need a mechanism for critical extensions in
> SPNEGO.  It is doable if we standardize it now, but it would be a hack
> and would not be in the spirit of the GSSAPI.  Typically in GSSAPI
> applications, the client must verify that the context is acceptable
> after negotiation.

If we ever add new fields to the SEQUENCEs in SPNEGO tokens we'll have
to add new MIC fields to sign those as well.

Nico
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The updated version was submitted, and it was based on discussions we
had at IETF61.=20


The following is a summary of major changes since -00.  This is also the
summary of the discussions among Sam, Wyllys, Nico, Jeff, me and others
at the Washington DC.

1) The support of security mechanisms that do not support integrity
services is back.
2) The request_mic state is added as an optimization for avoiding an
extra message.
3) The MIC request now contains a MIC itself.
4) The security invariants are summarized in the security
considerations, and the security of SPNEGO is discussed.
5) Legacy windows SPNEGO implementations are described.
6) Discussions on extensibility were added.
7) The Safe-to-omit MIC rules are consolidated into a separate/new
section.
8) Out-of-band negotiation as mentioned by Luke did not make into this
version (was not considered needed).
9) The computation of mechlistMIC is further clarified.
10) Discussions on the use of the optimistic token were added: pros and
cons.
11) The use of reqFlags remains unchanged.


Note that implementers can promote the "OPTIONAL" MIC token exchange to
be "REQUIRED", if so desirable.=20

The complexity as the result of maintaining backward compatibility is
kept to minimal.

Thanks,

-- Larry


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>9) The computation of mechlistMIC is further clarified.

What was the rationale for not including the tag and length
of the encoded MechTypeList as input to GSS_GetMIC()?

I ask only as Heimdal presently does include the tag and length
when computing the mechlistMIC. I would be interested to know
if you surveyed other implementations.

-- Luke

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Liqiang(Larry) Zhu wrote:
> The updated version was submitted, and it was based on discussions we
> had at IETF61. 
> 
> 
> The following is a summary of major changes since -00.  This is also the
> summary of the discussions among Sam, Wyllys, Nico, Jeff, me and others
> at the Washington DC.
> 
> 1) The support of security mechanisms that do not support integrity
> services is back.

Although this decision has not been validated on the list yet, according 
to the minutes of the IETF 61 meeting there was a strong preference to 
maintain the MUST NOT restriction on the use of security mechanisms 
without integrity protection.

I will also point out that no consensus has yet been reached on whether 
the use of an optimistic token in SPNEGO will be SHOULD or MAY in the 
document.

I will be issuing a CALL FOR CONSENSUS on these issues and other 
decisions from IETF 61 later today.

Jeffrey Altman





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> Larry Zhu wrote:
 > 1) The support of security mechanisms that do not support integrity=20
> services is back.

This was actually left unspecified in the draft submitted.

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: Jeffrey Altman [mailto:jaltman@columbia.edu]=20
Sent: Monday, November 22, 2004 6:21 AM
To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: SPNEGO-bis: a summary of discussions at the DC and changes
since -00

Liqiang(Larry) Zhu wrote:
> The updated version was submitted, and it was based on discussions we=20
> had at IETF61.
>=20
>=20
> The following is a summary of major changes since -00.  This is also=20
> the summary of the discussions among Sam, Wyllys, Nico, Jeff, me and=20
> others at the Washington DC.
>=20
> 1) The support of security mechanisms that do not support integrity=20
> services is back.

Although this decision has not been validated on the list yet, according
to the minutes of the IETF 61 meeting there was a strong preference to
maintain the MUST NOT restriction on the use of security mechanisms
without integrity protection.

I will also point out that no consensus has yet been reached on whether
the use of an optimistic token in SPNEGO will be SHOULD or MAY in the
document.

I will be issuing a CALL FOR CONSENSUS on these issues and other
decisions from IETF 61 later today.

Jeffrey Altman





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Jeffrey Altman wrote:
> 
> Although this decision has not been validated on the list yet, according 
> to the minutes of the IETF 61 meeting there was a strong preference to 
> maintain the MUST NOT restriction on the use of security mechanisms 
> without integrity protection.

... MUST NOT ... without ...
I'm not sure I understand.

Keep in mind that base GSS-API does not have a MUST support integrity
protection, so a requirement in SPNEGO would exclude those mechanisms
entirely from negotiation.

Personally, I think the warning in the security considerations that
the absense of integrity protection on any single mechanism of the
clients mechanism list makes the handshake vulnerable to a
downgrade attack should be sufficient.


> 
> I will also point out that no consensus has yet been reached on whether 
> the use of an optimistic token in SPNEGO will be SHOULD or MAY in the 
> document.

My clear preference is to stick with MAY, as in the original SPNEGO spec.


-Martin

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 22 17:23:16 2004
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There has been a bit of confusion surrounding the authors/editors for
SPNEGO.  Larry asked me if I wanted to be listed as an author; I
didn't see the message and he took my silence as confirmation.

As it turns out I don't think I should be listed as an author although
I probably should be acknowledged in the acknowledgements section.


I think this was just a misunderstanding.  However I want to make sure
that the working group does not believe a conflict of interest exists
for me being the AD handling that document.  Below, I'll list what I
believe my contributions to that document are.  If you believe that I
should recuse myself and ask Russ to Shepard the document please let
Jeff Altman or I know.


First, I have sent several messages about the draft.  I described
changes I saw between Larry's first version and RFC 2748 as well as
pointing out issues that needed more review.  I participated in
discussions of the issues I brought up.


At the IETF meeting, I participated in several meetings with Larry,
Nico and Jeff Altman.  Other people were in some of these meetings.
The goal was to determine whether Larry's somic rules were secure.  We
discussed various modifications to reduce round trips or improve
security.  I also helped work through an understanding of what threats
we were trying to protect against and what security guarantee the
SPNEGO protocol makes.

I've proposed text to be included in the security considerations
section and proposed text on extensibility of the protocol.  I've also
reviewed several versions of the draft and discussed whether various
proposed changes impacted security.


I described some things I believed the security considerations section
needed to cover on the mailing list.  I also brought up
interoperability/compatibility concerns with the proposal to drop
support for mechanisms without integrity.



I've also responded to several mailing list exchanges that happened
since the meeting.

--Sam


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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Nov 22 17:51:39 2004
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>>>>> "Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:

    Martin> Personally, I think the warning in the security
    Martin> considerations that the absense of integrity protection on
    Martin> any single mechanism of the clients mechanism list makes
    Martin> the handshake vulnerable to a downgrade attack should be
    Martin> sufficient.

Speaking as an individual, I agree.

--Sam

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Martin Rex wrote:
> My clear preference is to stick with MAY, as in the original SPNEGO
spec.

Most of people who have spoken either on the list or at the DC preferred
a "SHOULD". You did not provide convincing arguments for a "MAY".  If
your sole purpose to use a "MAY" is to test applications and break bad
ones, a "SHOULD" here is sufficient.

The consensus seemed clearly to be a "SHOULD", not a "MAY" in this case.


-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: Martin Rex [mailto:martin.rex@sap.com]=20
Sent: Monday, November 22, 2004 1:50 PM
To: Jeffrey Altman
Cc: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu; kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: SPNEGO-bis: a summary of discussions at the DC and changes
since

Jeffrey Altman wrote:
>=20
> Although this decision has not been validated on the list yet,=20
> according to the minutes of the IETF 61 meeting there was a strong=20
> preference to maintain the MUST NOT restriction on the use of security

> mechanisms without integrity protection.

... MUST NOT ... without ...
I'm not sure I understand.

Keep in mind that base GSS-API does not have a MUST support integrity
protection, so a requirement in SPNEGO would exclude those mechanisms
entirely from negotiation.

Personally, I think the warning in the security considerations that the
absense of integrity protection on any single mechanism of the clients
mechanism list makes the handshake vulnerable to a downgrade attack
should be sufficient.


>=20
> I will also point out that no consensus has yet been reached on=20
> whether the use of an optimistic token in SPNEGO will be SHOULD or MAY

> in the document.

My clear preference is to stick with MAY, as in the original SPNEGO
spec.


-Martin

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I talked with Luke off-list about this, we might not have issues at all
here but we definitely need some clarifications with all the inner and
outer tags and lengths, and how to describe them unambiguously.

Thanks,

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: Luke Howard [mailto:lukeh@padl.com]=20
Sent: Monday, November 22, 2004 4:20 AM
To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
Cc: kitten@ietf.org; lha@stacken.kth.se
Subject: Re: SPNEGO-bis: a summary of discussions at the DC and changes
since -00


>9) The computation of mechlistMIC is further clarified.

What was the rationale for not including the tag and length of the
encoded MechTypeList as input to GSS_GetMIC()?

I ask only as Heimdal presently does include the tag and length when
computing the mechlistMIC. I would be interested to know if you surveyed
other implementations.

-- Luke

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From: Tom Yu <tlyu@mit.edu>
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Subject: What is SPNEGO mechlistMIC computed over? (was Re: SPNEGO-bis...)
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>>>>> "lukeh" == Luke Howard <lukeh@padl.com> writes:

>> 9) The computation of mechlistMIC is further clarified.

lukeh> What was the rationale for not including the tag and length
lukeh> of the encoded MechTypeList as input to GSS_GetMIC()?

lukeh> I ask only as Heimdal presently does include the tag and length
lukeh> when computing the mechlistMIC. I would be interested to know
lukeh> if you surveyed other implementations.

In response to the above, and to some private email from Larry, I will
attempt to clarify the nature of the confusion.  Fundamentally, the
confusion results from imprecision in the terminology used by the
document for referring to details of ASN.1 encodings.

I apologize for the length of this reply, as I include some necessary
tutorial information about ASN.1 encoding rules and about certain
ASN.1 concepts.

The draft-zhu-spnego-2478bis-01 document has:

    4.1  Mechanism Types

[...]

           MechType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER

[...]

           MechTypeList ::= SEQUENCE OF MechType

[...]

    4.2.1  negTokenInit

           NegTokenInit ::= SEQUENCE {
               mechTypes       [0] MechTypeList,
               reqFlags        [1] ContextFlags  OPTIONAL,
               mechToken       [2] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
               mechListMIC     [3] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
               ...
           }

[...]

    5.  Processing of mechListMIC

[...]

       a) The mechlistMIC token (or simply the MIC token) is computed
          through invoking GSS_GetMIC(): the input context_handle is the
          established mechanism context, the input qop_req is 0, and the
          input message is the mechTypes field in the initial negotiation
          message (only the "value" portion, omitting the tag and length, of
          the ASN.1 encoding for that field is included).

It is not very useful to speak of the encoding of a _field_ of an
ASN.1 structure in isolation from the encoding of the complete
structure.  It is only really meaningful to speak of the encoding of
an ASN.1 _type_.  This is a _very_ _important_ concept.

When the document says "input message is the mechTypes field in the
initial negotiation message", there is an ambiguity about which ASN.1
_type_ is meant.  "mechTypes" is _not_ the name of an ASN.1 type.
(Recall that case is lexically significant in ASN.1.) "mechTypes" is
the name identifying a component of a SEQUENCE type.  The _type_ of
the component named "mechTypes" is "[0] MechTypeList".  What might be
meant instead is that the MIC must be computed over the encoding of
the type "MechTypeList" rather than over the encoding of the type
"[0] MechTypeList".

Additionally, X.690 describes BER encodings as consisting of
"identifier octets", "length octets", and "contents octets".  The word
"value" is not used to refer to the "contents octets", since the ASN.1
specifications typically use the word "value" to refer to the
_abstract_ value of a type, which is an _input_ to the encoding
process.

The initial fragment of a NegTokenInit would look like:

(with each level of contents indented, and where "nn" are some length
encodings, possibly longer than one octet each)

30 -- identifier octet for constructed SEQUENCE (NegTokenInit)
nn -- length

-- contents of SEQUENCE are:

   A0 -- identifier octet for constructed [0]
   nn -- length

   -- contents of the constructed [0] are:

      30 -- identifier octet for constructed SEQUENCE
      nn -- length

      -- contents of the SEQUENCE are:

         06 -- identifier octet for primitive OBJECT IDENTIFIER
         09 -- length
            2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 -- { 1 2 840 113554 1 2 2 }

         -- ... other OBJECT IDENTIFIER values ...

Which of the following does the document mean for the MIC to be
computed over?

(a) The DER encoding of the type "[0] MechTypeList", i.e.:

    A0 nn 30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

(b) The DER encoding of the type "MechTypeList", i.e.:

    30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

    This is probably what is actually intended, as it makes very
    little sense to encode the additional tag for MIC purposes.

(c) Only the _contents_ of type "MechTypeList", i.e.:

    06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

    noting that the encoding is no longer self-delimiting without the
    id+length octets for the surrounding SEQUENCE encoding (which in
    my opinion is a _bad_ idea)

(d) Something else entirely?

For some reason, I get the strange feeling that we've had this
discussion before.

---Tom

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>(b) The DER encoding of the type "MechTypeList", i.e.:
>
>    30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...
>
>    This is probably what is actually intended, as it makes very
>    little sense to encode the additional tag for MIC purposes.

>From talking to Larry it does appear that (b) is intended. The
language in the draft suggested to me (c), though, so it could
probably do with some clarification.

-- Luke

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Thread-Topic: What is SPNEGO mechlistMIC computed over? (was Re: SPNEGO-bis...)
Thread-Index: AcTRGL7++D2L2M3uQ4mzUKCQFzoK/wACbi+g
From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
To: "Tom Yu" <tlyu@mit.edu>, <lukeh@padl.com>
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Tom, thanks, choice (b) is clearly what we intended.

Thanks, Larry=20

-----Original Message-----
From: Tom Yu [mailto:tlyu@mit.edu]=20
Sent: Monday, November 22, 2004 8:56 PM
To: lukeh@padl.com
Cc: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu; kitten@ietf.org
Subject: What is SPNEGO mechlistMIC computed over? (was Re:
SPNEGO-bis...)

>>>>> "lukeh" =3D=3D Luke Howard <lukeh@padl.com> writes:

>> 9) The computation of mechlistMIC is further clarified.

lukeh> What was the rationale for not including the tag and length of=20
lukeh> the encoded MechTypeList as input to GSS_GetMIC()?

lukeh> I ask only as Heimdal presently does include the tag and length=20
lukeh> when computing the mechlistMIC. I would be interested to know if=20
lukeh> you surveyed other implementations.

In response to the above, and to some private email from Larry, I will
attempt to clarify the nature of the confusion.  Fundamentally, the
confusion results from imprecision in the terminology used by the
document for referring to details of ASN.1 encodings.

I apologize for the length of this reply, as I include some necessary
tutorial information about ASN.1 encoding rules and about certain
ASN.1 concepts.

The draft-zhu-spnego-2478bis-01 document has:

    4.1  Mechanism Types

[...]

           MechType ::=3D OBJECT IDENTIFIER

[...]

           MechTypeList ::=3D SEQUENCE OF MechType

[...]

    4.2.1  negTokenInit

           NegTokenInit ::=3D SEQUENCE {
               mechTypes       [0] MechTypeList,
               reqFlags        [1] ContextFlags  OPTIONAL,
               mechToken       [2] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
               mechListMIC     [3] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
               ...
           }

[...]

    5.  Processing of mechListMIC

[...]

       a) The mechlistMIC token (or simply the MIC token) is computed
          through invoking GSS_GetMIC(): the input context_handle is the
          established mechanism context, the input qop_req is 0, and the
          input message is the mechTypes field in the initial
negotiation
          message (only the "value" portion, omitting the tag and
length, of
          the ASN.1 encoding for that field is included).

It is not very useful to speak of the encoding of a _field_ of an
ASN.1 structure in isolation from the encoding of the complete
structure.  It is only really meaningful to speak of the encoding of an
ASN.1 _type_.  This is a _very_ _important_ concept.

When the document says "input message is the mechTypes field in the
initial negotiation message", there is an ambiguity about which ASN.1
_type_ is meant.  "mechTypes" is _not_ the name of an ASN.1 type.
(Recall that case is lexically significant in ASN.1.) "mechTypes" is the
name identifying a component of a SEQUENCE type.  The _type_ of the
component named "mechTypes" is "[0] MechTypeList".  What might be meant
instead is that the MIC must be computed over the encoding of the type
"MechTypeList" rather than over the encoding of the type "[0]
MechTypeList".

Additionally, X.690 describes BER encodings as consisting of "identifier
octets", "length octets", and "contents octets".  The word "value" is
not used to refer to the "contents octets", since the ASN.1
specifications typically use the word "value" to refer to the _abstract_
value of a type, which is an _input_ to the encoding process.

The initial fragment of a NegTokenInit would look like:

(with each level of contents indented, and where "nn" are some length
encodings, possibly longer than one octet each)

30 -- identifier octet for constructed SEQUENCE (NegTokenInit) nn --
length

-- contents of SEQUENCE are:

   A0 -- identifier octet for constructed [0]
   nn -- length

   -- contents of the constructed [0] are:

      30 -- identifier octet for constructed SEQUENCE
      nn -- length

      -- contents of the SEQUENCE are:

         06 -- identifier octet for primitive OBJECT IDENTIFIER
         09 -- length
            2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 -- { 1 2 840 113554 1 2 2 }

         -- ... other OBJECT IDENTIFIER values ...

Which of the following does the document mean for the MIC to be computed
over?

(a) The DER encoding of the type "[0] MechTypeList", i.e.:

    A0 nn 30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

(b) The DER encoding of the type "MechTypeList", i.e.:

    30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

    This is probably what is actually intended, as it makes very
    little sense to encode the additional tag for MIC purposes.

(c) Only the _contents_ of type "MechTypeList", i.e.:

    06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

    noting that the encoding is no longer self-delimiting without the
    id+length octets for the surrounding SEQUENCE encoding (which in
    my opinion is a _bad_ idea)

(d) Something else entirely?

For some reason, I get the strange feeling that we've had this
discussion before.

---Tom

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Liqiang(Larry) Zhu wrote:
> Tom, thanks, choice (b) is clearly what we intended.
> 

  (a) The DER encoding of the type "[0] MechTypeList", i.e.:

      A0 nn 30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

  (b) The DER encoding of the type "MechTypeList", i.e.:

      30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

 From looking at my code, it appears that I interpreted
the original document to mean A), but if the consensus is
that B is correct, I can make the adjustment without much
pain since MICs are not used at all in situations where we
are interoperating with MS anyway.

-Wyllys


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I do not fully understand what Larry means by "my code", but would just add that I have always received (a) from IE. The actual octets I have seen are:

A0 24 30 22                             mechTypes
   06 09 2A 86 48 82 F7 12 01 02 02       1.2.840.48018.1.2.2 (Kerberos V5 Legacy)
   06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02       1.2.840.113554.1.2.2 (Kerberos V5 GSS-API mechanism)
   06 0A 2B 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0A    1.3.6.1.4.1.311.2.2.10 (Microsoft SPNEGO sub-mechanism)

Frank



                                                                                                                                        
                      Wyllys Ingersoll                                                                                                  
                      <wyllys.ingersoll@        To:       "Liqiang(Larry) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>                             
                      sun.com>                  cc:       kitten@ietf.org                                                               
                      Sent by:                  Subject:  Re: What is SPNEGO mechlistMIC computed over? (was    Re:   SPNEGO-bis...)    
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                      11/23/2004 07:58                                                                                                  
                      AM                                                                                                                
                                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                        




Liqiang(Larry) Zhu wrote:
> Tom, thanks, choice (b) is clearly what we intended.
>

  (a) The DER encoding of the type "[0] MechTypeList", i.e.:

      A0 nn 30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

  (b) The DER encoding of the type "MechTypeList", i.e.:

      30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

 From looking at my code, it appears that I interpreted
the original document to mean A), but if the consensus is
that B is correct, I can make the adjustment without much
pain since MICs are not used at all in situations where we
are interoperating with MS anyway.

-Wyllys


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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Nov 23 11:08:01 2004
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Subject: Re: What is SPNEGO mechlistMIC computed over?
	(was	Re:	SPNEGO-bis...)
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Frank Balluffi wrote:
> I do not fully understand what Larry means by "my code", but would just add that I have always received (a) from IE. The actual octets I have seen are:

It was me (Wyllys Ingersoll), not Larry, who wrote about "my code".  I was referring to
a SPNEGO mechanism that I wrote which will be included in Solaris 10.
I wrote one that interoperates with  MS but that has a configurable option
to be RFC 2478 compliant (and not interop with Microsoft). In the latter
case, the MIC was computed across the DER encoding of "[0] MechTypeList"
which is choice "a" from Tom Yu's earlier post on the topic.

Whatever you received from IE or IIS in the past during SPNEGO negotiation should
have been ignored because it was completely wrong and wasn't even a MIC at all, it
was a copy of one of the other fields.

-Wyllys

> 
> A0 24 30 22                             mechTypes
>    06 09 2A 86 48 82 F7 12 01 02 02       1.2.840.48018.1.2.2 (Kerberos V5 Legacy)
>    06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02       1.2.840.113554.1.2.2 (Kerberos V5 GSS-API mechanism)
>    06 0A 2B 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0A    1.3.6.1.4.1.311.2.2.10 (Microsoft SPNEGO sub-mechanism)
> 
> Frank
> 
> 
> 
>                                                                                                                                         
>                       Wyllys Ingersoll                                                                                                  
>                       <wyllys.ingersoll@        To:       "Liqiang(Larry) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>                             
>                       sun.com>                  cc:       kitten@ietf.org                                                               
>                       Sent by:                  Subject:  Re: What is SPNEGO mechlistMIC computed over? (was    Re:   SPNEGO-bis...)    
>                       kitten-bounces@lis                                                                                                
>                       ts.ietf.org                                                                                                       
>                                                                                                                                         
>                                                                                                                                         
>                       11/23/2004 07:58                                                                                                  
>                       AM                                                                                                                
>                                                                                                                                         
>                                                                                                                                         
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Liqiang(Larry) Zhu wrote:
> 
>>Tom, thanks, choice (b) is clearly what we intended.
>>
> 
> 
>   (a) The DER encoding of the type "[0] MechTypeList", i.e.:
> 
>       A0 nn 30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...
> 
>   (b) The DER encoding of the type "MechTypeList", i.e.:
> 
>       30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...
> 
>  From looking at my code, it appears that I interpreted
> the original document to mean A), but if the consensus is
> that B is correct, I can make the adjustment without much
> pain since MICs are not used at all in situations where we
> are interoperating with MS anyway.
> 
> -Wyllys

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I was a little confused by your description (of OIDs and descriptions of
those OIDs) therefore I rechecked quickly.  Here's what I get inside
an initial context token when requesting the "Negotiate" SSP on W2K3 IA64:

a0 24 30 22
  06 09 2a 86 48 82 f7 12 01 02 02       unknown OID (MS Kerberos bug?)
  06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 12 01 02 02       Kerberos rfc-1964 gssapi
  06 0a 2b 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0a    Microsoft non-IETF NTLM SSP mechanism

It would be incorrect to include a "negotiation" mechanism OID,
like the one of SPNEGO itself in that list.

However what I'm missing in this list is actually the OID that is
used for Microsoft's proprietary user2user extension:

  06 0a 2a 86  48 86 f7 12 01 02 02 03

The context tokens which you undocumentedly get when passing the
"ISC_REQ_USE_SESSION_KEY" context attribute to InitializeSecurityContext
(or which if forced upon you if someone was crazy enough to upgrade his
 Active Directory to Windows 2003 and switch it to Windows 2003 native mode).


-Martin


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Kitten (GSS-API Next Generation) Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
	Author(s)	: L. Zhu, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-00.txt
	Pages		: 22
	Date		: 2004-11-23
	
This document specifies a negotiation mechanism for the Generic
   Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) which is
   described in RFC 2743.

   GSS-API peers can use this negotiation mechanism to choose from a
   common set of security mechanisms.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Nov 23 17:34:21 2004
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>Folks, I have great news to report: Luke Howard implemented SPNEGO-bis
>in Heimdal, and we have the protocol verified independently. 

Of course, the proof will be in the pudding (when we do some interop
testing).

>Also "negResult" field need to remain OPTIONAL based on Luke's
>experiments.

This behaviour may only be necessary for Windows interop. If is
optional then the behaviour should be specified.

In our implementation the acceptor treats the absence of negResult
as equivalent to the initiator sending accept_incomplete.

-- Luke

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Nov 23 19:32:11 2004
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Thread-Topic: Issues in SPNEGO-bis draft 00
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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
To: <lukeh@padl.com>, <kitten@ietf.org>
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The original email did not get through, so here I sent again.

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
Luke found that it was underspecified what to do if the mechanism has a
single mechanism token, to address that, I added the following text:

     =20
Section 5, c)


      In the case that the optimistic
      mechanism token is the only mechanism token for the initiator's
      preferred mechanism, the mechlistMIC token is OPTIONAL.

      (IV) In the case that the optimistic mechanism token is also the
         last mechanism token (when the initiator's preferred mechanism
         is accepted by the target), and the target sends a request_mic
         state, the target MUST include a mechlistMIC token in that
         first reply.  GSS_Accept_sec_context() indicates
         GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED.  The initiator MUST then verify this
         mechlistMIC token, and generate a mechlistMIC token to send
         back to the target, who SHALL in turn verify the returned
         mechlistMIC token and complete the negotiation.

Also "negResult" field need to remain OPTIONAL based on Luke's
experiments.
=20
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

Luke Howard wrote:
> In our implementation the acceptor treats the absence of negResult as
equivalent to the initiator sending=20
> accept_incomplete.

This is reasonable. The case of interest was in handling the third leg
of DCE-kerberos, but fortunately the algorithm for that case in the
current draft does not rely on the presence of this field. Thus we do
not need further change for this.

-- Larry


-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Luke Howard
Sent: Tuesday, November 23, 2004 2:20 PM
To: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Issues in SPNEGO-bis draft 00


>Folks, I have great news to report: Luke Howard implemented SPNEGO-bis=20
>in Heimdal, and we have the protocol verified independently.

Of course, the proof will be in the pudding (when we do some interop
testing).

>Also "negResult" field need to remain OPTIONAL based on Luke's=20
>experiments.

This behaviour may only be necessary for Windows interop. If is optional
then the behaviour should be specified.

In our implementation the acceptor treats the absence of negResult as
equivalent to the initiator sending accept_incomplete.

-- Luke

--

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Nov 23 20:14:25 2004
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I agree with Larry's proposed change.

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Nov 24 00:21:13 2004
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Subject: Open Issues on draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis
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Folks, I am back from vacation.  There are some open issues which
I need to have a resolution to based upon the discussion at IETF61
and the e-mail communication on this list over the last ten days.

(1) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
     whether it was more important to maintain backward compatibility
     then to add new features to the protocol.  There was unanimous
     consensus in the room that backward compatibility was more
     important.

(2) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
     whether or not the use of mechanisms which do not support integrity
     protection should be prohibited in 2478bis.  There was a very
     strong feeling in the room that these mechanisms should be
     prohibited.  Is this the consensus of the participants of
     this mailing list?

     My concerns about adding this prohibition are that it may break
     backward compatibility for some implementations of 2478 which
     we are not aware of.  As such I believe doing so would be in
     conflict with (1).

(3) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
     whether the use of optimistic tokens will be specified in 2478bis
     as a "SHOULD" or a "MAY".  There was no consensus in the room.
     Is there consensus on the mailing list?

(4) Martin raised the possibility that implementations of SPNEGO outside
     of the current list participants might be broken by the new SOMIC
     rules or other changes.  In the absence of additional data it is
     very hard to make a determination as to how great a risk this is.
     What I am wondering is what we can do to try and track down some
     of these additional implementations?  Martin, do you have any
     ideas?

(5) There was discussion on the list on the subject of whether or
     not there should be explicit text added to the draft recommending
     that implementations replace a SPNEGO token with a mech specific
     token when only one mech is available in the initiator.  It seems
     to me that doing so would improve the security of the protocol
     as well as improve the performance.  I did not see the discussion
     reach a conclusion one way or the other.  Does anyone have some
     proposed text for this or should it be dropped?

(6) There was a discussion on the history of the term "mechanism
     variants".  I would prefer to either see undefined terms be removed
     from documents or be defined.  Martin, could you propose some text
     to be added to the document which can be used to define the meaning
     of this term?

(7) There was discussion on the list of the "multi-layer negotiation is
     considered harmful argument" and whether or not text should be added
     to this document on the subject.   Does anyone have some proposed
     text for this or should it be dropped?

I realize that the holidays are fast approaching.  It is my hope to be 
able to get this document to the IESG before the end of the year.  To
meet that goal I must ask that folks who have been putting off reviewing
the document until it becomes stable do so now.

The process I would like to follow in this group is that proposed
changes to published documents be sent to the mailing list and only
be incorporated into the documents by the editor after consensus on
the proposed text has been reached on the list.  I believe this
process will allow us to move documents ahead at a faster pace with
more consistent review.

Thanks.

Jeffrey Altman

P.S. - Happy Thanksgiving to all.



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From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
To: "Liqiang(Larry) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
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On Tue, Nov 23, 2004 at 04:28:39PM -0800, Liqiang(Larry) Zhu wrote:
> The original email did not get through, so here I sent again.
> 
> =======
> Luke found that it was underspecified what to do if the mechanism has a
> single mechanism token, to address that, I added the following text:
> 
>       
> Section 5, c)
> 
> 
>       In the case that the optimistic
>       mechanism token is the only mechanism token for the initiator's
>       preferred mechanism, the mechlistMIC token is OPTIONAL.

This seems redundant and confused me earlier.  See below.

>       (IV) In the case that the optimistic mechanism token is also the
>          last mechanism token (when the initiator's preferred mechanism
>          is accepted by the target), and the target sends a request_mic
>          state, the target MUST include a mechlistMIC token in that
>          first reply.  GSS_Accept_sec_context() indicates
>          GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED.  The initiator MUST then verify this
>          mechlistMIC token, and generate a mechlistMIC token to send
>          back to the target, who SHALL in turn verify the returned
>          mechlistMIC token and complete the negotiation.

I agree.  But it might be better to state that this case is like the
other odd-mech-token exchanges, only responseToken is missing from the
second and third SPNEGO tokens, if those are required.

> Also "negResult" field need to remain OPTIONAL based on Luke's
> experiments.

Would it be safe to make it DEFAULT to the accept-incomplete value?

Nico
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>I agree.  But it might be better to state that this case is like the
>other odd-mech-token exchanges, only responseToken is missing from the
>second and third SPNEGO tokens, if those are required.

And the server's mechListMIC is sent in the second SPNEGO token rather
than the fourth.

eg.

C: negTokenInit { mechTypes = {foo}; mechToken = {only mech token}}
S: negTokenResp { negResult = request_mic; supportedMech = foo; mechListMIC = {MIC}}
C: negTokenResp { negResult = accept_completed; mechListMIC = {MIC}}

-- Luke

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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> >       In the case that the optimistic
> >       mechanism token is the only mechanism token for the
initiator's
> >       preferred mechanism, the mechlistMIC token is OPTIONAL.

> This seems redundant and confused me earlier.  See below.

This is clear if we see the whole text together:


   c) In the case that the chosen mechanism uses an odd number of
      mechanism tokens (namely the initiator sends the last mechanism
      token), the initiator does the following when emitting the
      negotiation message containing the last mechanism token: if the
      negResult state was request_mic in the first reply from the
      target, a mechlistMIC token MUST be included, otherwise the
      mechlistMIC token is OPTIONAL.  In the case that the optimistic
      mechanism token is the only mechanism token for the initiator's
      preferred mechanism, the mechlistMIC token is OPTIONAL.
      GSS_Init_sec_context() indicates GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED.
      Initiators who wish to be compatible with legacy Windows SPNEGO
      implementations as described in Appendix B shall not generate a
      mechlistMIC token when the MIC token exchange is not required.
      The acceptor then processes the last mechanism token, and does one
      of the following:

As you can see that the first sentence below is sufficient for
describing the "rules":=20

      if the
      negResult state was request_mic in the first reply from the
      target, a mechlistMIC token MUST be included, otherwise the
      mechlistMIC token is OPTIONAL.

The second sentence as you pointed out is indeed redundent, but was
added as clarifications only, it is not "normative".


> I agree.  But it might be better to state that this case is like the
other odd-mech-token exchanges, only >=20
> responseToken is missing from the second and third SPNEGO tokens, if
those are required.

This case is different only in that the last mechanism token is not
accompanied with a mechlistMIC when the MIC token exchange is
*required*.

Yes, you might be able to deduce this from the rest of rules, but this
stanza would make it easier for implementers to interpret the rules.


> > Also "negResult" field need to remain OPTIONAL based on Luke's=20

> > experiments.


> Would it be safe to make it DEFAULT to the accept-incomplete value?

The rules do not rely on the value of this field (except that of the
first reply, where this field is required), this is because this field
is not protected.=20

I made small adjustments below to make this a bit clearer.


4.2.2  negTokenResp

       NegTokenResp ::=3D SEQUENCE {
           negResult       [0] ENUMERATED {
               accept_completed    (0),
               accept_incomplete   (1),
               reject              (2),
               request_mic         (3)
           }                                 OPTIONAL,
             -- REQUIRED in the first reply from the target
           supportedMech   [1] MechType      OPTIONAL,
             -- present only in the first reply from the target
           responseToken   [2] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
           mechListMIC     [3] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
           ...
       }

   This is the syntax for all subsequent negotiation messages.

   negResult

         This field, if present, contains the state of the negotiation.
         This can be:

         accept_completed
            No further negotiation message from the peer is expected,
            and the security context is established for the sender.

         accept_incomplete
            At least one more negotiation message from the peer is
            needed to establish the security context.

         reject
            The sender terminates the negotiation.

         request_mic
            The sender indicates that the exchange of MIC tokens, as
            described in Section 5, will be REQUIRED if per-message
            integrity services are available on the mechanism context to
            be established.  This value SHALL only be present in the
            first reply from the target.



Zhu, et al.               Expires May 24, 2005                 [Page 11]
=0C

         This field is REQUIRED in the first reply from the target, and
         it is OPTIONAL thereafter.

-- larry




-----Original Message-----
From: Nicolas Williams [mailto:Nicolas.Williams@sun.com]=20
Sent: Tuesday, November 23, 2004 9:54 PM
To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
Cc: lukeh@padl.com; kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Issues in SPNEGO-bis draft 00

On Tue, Nov 23, 2004 at 04:28:39PM -0800, Liqiang(Larry) Zhu wrote:
> The original email did not get through, so here I sent again.
>=20
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> Luke found that it was underspecified what to do if the mechanism has=20
> a single mechanism token, to address that, I added the following text:
>=20
>      =20
> Section 5, c)
>=20
>=20
>       In the case that the optimistic
>       mechanism token is the only mechanism token for the initiator's
>       preferred mechanism, the mechlistMIC token is OPTIONAL.

This seems redundant and confused me earlier.  See below.

>       (IV) In the case that the optimistic mechanism token is also the
>          last mechanism token (when the initiator's preferred
mechanism
>          is accepted by the target), and the target sends a
request_mic
>          state, the target MUST include a mechlistMIC token in that
>          first reply.  GSS_Accept_sec_context() indicates
>          GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED.  The initiator MUST then verify this
>          mechlistMIC token, and generate a mechlistMIC token to send
>          back to the target, who SHALL in turn verify the returned
>          mechlistMIC token and complete the negotiation.

I agree.  But it might be better to state that this case is like the
other odd-mech-token exchanges, only responseToken is missing from the
second and third SPNEGO tokens, if those are required.

> Also "negResult" field need to remain OPTIONAL based on Luke's=20
> experiments.

Would it be safe to make it DEFAULT to the accept-incomplete value?

Nico
--=20

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=20
Jeff wrote:
>    Is there consensus on the mailing list?

Humm... This sounds a call for the duty of the chair.=20

Folks, if you spoke before, I urge you to speak again.

Ken, Sam, Nico, Wyllys, and me preferred "SHOULD", please speak if this
is accurate.=20

Love, Luke, please comment, thanks.

> Does anyone have some
> proposed text for this or should it be dropped?

negative. Nico and Sam, you were on the last thread on this subject.

> There was a discussion on the history of the term "mechanism
>   variants". =20

Section 6 actually described what is a "mechanism variant". I agree we
can add a forward reference here.


5) and &) seem to be related, if not the same.


> proposed changes to published documents be sent to the mailing list=20

I just want to raise an observation that changes in isolation are rather
hard to comprehend in general.=20

But in this case this makes sense as we are fairly close to last calling
the document.

-- Larry



-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Jeffrey Altman
Sent: Tuesday, November 23, 2004 9:20 PM
To: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Open Issues on draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis

Folks, I am back from vacation.  There are some open issues which I need
to have a resolution to based upon the discussion at IETF61 and the
e-mail communication on this list over the last ten days.

(1) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
     whether it was more important to maintain backward compatibility
     then to add new features to the protocol.  There was unanimous
     consensus in the room that backward compatibility was more
     important.

(2) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
     whether or not the use of mechanisms which do not support integrity
     protection should be prohibited in 2478bis.  There was a very
     strong feeling in the room that these mechanisms should be
     prohibited.  Is this the consensus of the participants of
     this mailing list?

     My concerns about adding this prohibition are that it may break
     backward compatibility for some implementations of 2478 which
     we are not aware of.  As such I believe doing so would be in
     conflict with (1).

(3) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
     whether the use of optimistic tokens will be specified in 2478bis
     as a "SHOULD" or a "MAY".  There was no consensus in the room.
     Is there consensus on the mailing list?

(4) Martin raised the possibility that implementations of SPNEGO outside
     of the current list participants might be broken by the new SOMIC
     rules or other changes.  In the absence of additional data it is
     very hard to make a determination as to how great a risk this is.
     What I am wondering is what we can do to try and track down some
     of these additional implementations?  Martin, do you have any
     ideas?

(5) There was discussion on the list on the subject of whether or
     not there should be explicit text added to the draft recommending
     that implementations replace a SPNEGO token with a mech specific
     token when only one mech is available in the initiator.  It seems
     to me that doing so would improve the security of the protocol
     as well as improve the performance.  I did not see the discussion
     reach a conclusion one way or the other.  Does anyone have some
     proposed text for this or should it be dropped?

(6) There was a discussion on the history of the term "mechanism
     variants".  I would prefer to either see undefined terms be removed
     from documents or be defined.  Martin, could you propose some text
     to be added to the document which can be used to define the meaning
     of this term?

(7) There was discussion on the list of the "multi-layer negotiation is
     considered harmful argument" and whether or not text should be
added
     to this document on the subject.   Does anyone have some proposed
     text for this or should it be dropped?

I realize that the holidays are fast approaching.  It is my hope to be
able to get this document to the IESG before the end of the year.  To
meet that goal I must ask that folks who have been putting off reviewing
the document until it becomes stable do so now.

The process I would like to follow in this group is that proposed
changes to published documents be sent to the mailing list and only be
incorporated into the documents by the editor after consensus on the
proposed text has been reached on the list.  I believe this process will
allow us to move documents ahead at a faster pace with more consistent
review.

Thanks.

Jeffrey Altman

P.S. - Happy Thanksgiving to all.



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>(3) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
>     whether the use of optimistic tokens will be specified in 2478bis
>     as a "SHOULD" or a "MAY".  There was no consensus in the room.
>     Is there consensus on the mailing list?

We would prefer SHOULD. Indeed, Heimdal right now requires the
optimistic token (and this is unlikely to be fixed until it gets
mechglue).

>P.S. - Happy Thanksgiving to all.

You too.

-- Luke

--

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From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
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On Wed, Nov 24, 2004 at 12:19:51AM -0500, Jeffrey Altman wrote:
> (4) Martin raised the possibility that implementations of SPNEGO outside
>     of the current list participants might be broken by the new SOMIC
>     rules or other changes.  In the absence of additional data it is
>     very hard to make a determination as to how great a risk this is.
>     What I am wondering is what we can do to try and track down some
>     of these additional implementations?  Martin, do you have any
>     ideas?

This is very important.  I suspect that currently any implementations
that are faithful, modulo spec ambiguities, to rfc2478 wouldn't interop
with MS's implementation -- or Sun's when in MS interop mode (which is
the default).  Further, I suspect that such implementations aren't being
used with Windows peers as otherwise Larry surely would be aware of such
implementations.

Just because we have disjoint sets of implementations doesn't mean we
shouldn't consider interop between them, but I fear that the worst case
scenario will bring us back to flag days and out-of-band configuration
mechanisms.

It would be good to hear from Martin about how the implementations he's
aware of handle the "mechListMIC request" in Larry's proposal.

Nico
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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
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 On Wed, Nov 17, 2004 at 01:37:48PM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> I wonder if SPNEGO needs to pick up a copy of the standard=20
> multi-layer-negotiation considered harmful argument?  I wonder if=20
> we're getting to a point where we need a single version of that=20
> document to reference.

nothing from here so far, but here are my thoughts:

If the SPNEGO target accepts a single mechanism token without the SPNEGO
framing, it will prevent the acceptor from demanding the mechlistMIC.

Using a two-token mechanism A in the following example, the initiator
supports mechanism A, and the acceptor supports mechanism A and
mechanism B, but prefers B if offered. The initiator sends negTokenInit
with an optimistic token of A, the attacker strips out the optimistic
token and sends it to the acceptor; the acceptor processes this
optimistic token and sends a response token of A and returns complete;
the attacker then puts the response token of A into negTokenResp with an
accept_complete state. An attack was successfully just launched.

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Nicolas Williams
Sent: Wednesday, November 17, 2004 1:27 PM
To: Sam Hartman
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: SPNEGO SOMIC rules

On Wed, Nov 17, 2004 at 01:37:48PM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> I wonder if SPNEGO needs to pick up a copy of the standard=20
> multi-layer-negotiation considered harmful argument?  I wonder if=20
> we're getting to a point where we need a single version of that=20
> document to reference.

Yes, yes.

>=20
> (I bring up this comment because Martin's discussion of GSSAPI=20
> variants reminds me that doing stuff like that at the SPNEGO layer is=20
> the only safe way to do it in a case where you have the SPNEGO layer=20
> at all.  Probably not so true for crypto algorithms, but true for=20
> anything that can influence the choice of mechanism.)

"only" is a bit strong, but I digress :)

Nico
--=20

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Subject: RE: SPNEGO SOMIC rules
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=20
Note that although the attack via the single-mech-token below is valid,
it is harmful only when the initiator supports both A and B but prefers
A.

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
Sent: Wednesday, November 24, 2004 9:39 AM
To: Nicolas Williams; Sam Hartman
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: RE: SPNEGO SOMIC rules


 On Wed, Nov 17, 2004 at 01:37:48PM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> I wonder if SPNEGO needs to pick up a copy of the standard=20
> multi-layer-negotiation considered harmful argument?  I wonder if=20
> we're getting to a point where we need a single version of that=20
> document to reference.

nothing from here so far, but here are my thoughts:

If the SPNEGO target accepts a single mechanism token without the SPNEGO
framing, it will prevent the acceptor from demanding the mechlistMIC.

Using a two-token mechanism A in the following example, the initiator
supports mechanism A, and the acceptor supports mechanism A and
mechanism B, but prefers B if offered. The initiator sends negTokenInit
with an optimistic token of A, the attacker strips out the optimistic
token and sends it to the acceptor; the acceptor processes this
optimistic token and sends a response token of A and returns complete;
the attacker then puts the response token of A into negTokenResp with an
accept_complete state. An attack was successfully just launched.

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Nicolas Williams
Sent: Wednesday, November 17, 2004 1:27 PM
To: Sam Hartman
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: SPNEGO SOMIC rules

On Wed, Nov 17, 2004 at 01:37:48PM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> I wonder if SPNEGO needs to pick up a copy of the standard=20
> multi-layer-negotiation considered harmful argument?  I wonder if=20
> we're getting to a point where we need a single version of that=20
> document to reference.

Yes, yes.

>=20
> (I bring up this comment because Martin's discussion of GSSAPI=20
> variants reminds me that doing stuff like that at the SPNEGO layer is=20
> the only safe way to do it in a case where you have the SPNEGO layer=20
> at all.  Probably not so true for crypto algorithms, but true for=20
> anything that can influence the choice of mechanism.)

"only" is a bit strong, but I digress :)

Nico
--=20

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>>>>> "Jeffrey" == Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu> writes:

    Jeffrey> (3) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting
    Jeffrey> room asking whether the use of optimistic tokens will be
    Jeffrey> specified in 2478bis as a "SHOULD" or a "MAY".  There was
    Jeffrey> no consensus in the room.  Is there consensus on the
    Jeffrey> mailing list?

Interesting.  Who in the meeting spoke in favor of may not should.

I favor should.  Martin has given a good explanation for why we need
should not must.  Ken also gave some arguments for should.  So far I
have seen no justification that successfully explained why should
isn't good enough.

    Jeffrey> (4) Martin raised the possibility that implementations of
    Jeffrey> SPNEGO outside of the current list participants might be
    Jeffrey> broken by the new SOMIC rules or other changes.  In the
    Jeffrey> absence of additional data it is very hard to make a
    Jeffrey> determination as to how great a risk this is.  What I am
    Jeffrey> wondering is what we can do to try and track down some of
    Jeffrey> these additional implementations?  Martin, do you have
    Jeffrey> any ideas?

Given the confusion about encoding of the MIC in 2478, I don't think
it all that likely we have interoperable implementations of that spec
at all.

    Jeffrey> (5) There was discussion on the list on the subject of
    Jeffrey> whether or not there should be explicit text added to the
    Jeffrey> draft recommending that implementations replace a SPNEGO
    Jeffrey> token with a mech specific token when only one mech is
    Jeffrey> available in the initiator.  It seems to me that doing so
    Jeffrey> would improve the security of the protocol as well as
    Jeffrey> improve the performance.  I did not see the discussion
    Jeffrey> reach a conclusion one way or the other.  Does anyone
    Jeffrey> have some proposed text for this or should it be dropped?

I think it should be dropped.  I don't see how it improves security.

    Jeffrey> (6) There was a discussion on the history of the term
    Jeffrey> "mechanism variants".  I would prefer to either see
    Jeffrey> undefined terms be removed from documents or be defined.
    Jeffrey> Martin, could you propose some text to be added to the
    Jeffrey> document which can be used to define the meaning of this
    Jeffrey> term?

This sounds like a big rathole to me.  I'd rather manage to avoid this
discussion somehow.


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Sam Hartman wrote:

>>>>>>"Jeffrey" == Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu> writes:
> 
> 
>     Jeffrey> (3) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting
>     Jeffrey> room asking whether the use of optimistic tokens will be
>     Jeffrey> specified in 2478bis as a "SHOULD" or a "MAY".  There was
>     Jeffrey> no consensus in the room.  Is there consensus on the
>     Jeffrey> mailing list?
> 
> Interesting.  Who in the meeting spoke in favor of may not should.
> 
> I favor should.  Martin has given a good explanation for why we need
> should not must.  Ken also gave some arguments for should.  So far I
> have seen no justification that successfully explained why should
> isn't good enough.

In the meeting when I asked the question no one offered an opinion
one way or another.  Therefore, I feel obliged to ask the question
on the list.  I agree that the consensus appears to be "SHOULD".
If there are objections I want to hear them.




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From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
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I agree with all of Sam's comments, but I think we may have to do a bit
more work to see that (4) is not an issue -- though even if it is, I
don't see what we can do about it other than require configurable
support for one way or the other.

Nico
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Martin Rex wrote:
>  The following description extends a single-token security context
establishment into a 3-token security context=20
> establishment.

Have you noticed that the protocol can end up with two negotiation
messages/tokens in the following two ways?

1) The initiator includes a mechlistMIC token in the first message.
2) The acceptor omits the mic_token exchange because it is safe to do
so.

You can avoid the third token if you do one of the above, but this
protocol allows having at most 3 tokens in the worst scenario (not in
the above two cases).

By the way, the vanilla 2478 allows 4 tokens for the above single
mechanism token case (2 tokens for negotiation, then one for the
mechanism token, another for the mechlistMIC), right?

-- Larry


-----Original Message-----
From: Martin Rex [mailto:martin.rex@sap.com]=20
Sent: Wednesday, November 24, 2004 1:29 PM
To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
Cc: lukeh@padl.com; kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Issues in SPNEGO-bis draft 00

I'm sorry for replying before having read Larry newest draft:

The following sounds incompatibly strange to me:  rfc2478 did extend a
security context establishment by at most one token if the optimistic
token was used and was accepted by the acceptor.

The following description extends a single-token security context
establishment into a 3-token security context establishment, which is a
significant change from rfc2478 and incurs an additional round-trip,
something that rfc2478 tried to avoid.

-Martin

Liqiang\ wrote:
>=20
>       In the case that the optimistic
>       mechanism token is the only mechanism token for the initiator's
>       preferred mechanism, the mechlistMIC token is OPTIONAL.
>=20
>       (IV) In the case that the optimistic mechanism token is also the
>          last mechanism token (when the initiator's preferred
mechanism
>          is accepted by the target), and the target sends a
request_mic
>          state, the target MUST include a mechlistMIC token in that
>          first reply.  GSS_Accept_sec_context() indicates
>          GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED.  The initiator MUST then verify this
>          mechlistMIC token, and generate a mechlistMIC token to send
>          back to the target, who SHALL in turn verify the returned
>          mechlistMIC token and complete the negotiation.

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>Have you noticed that the protocol can end up with two negotiation
>messages/tokens in the following two ways?
>
>1) The initiator includes a mechlistMIC token in the first message.
>2) The acceptor omits the mic_token exchange because it is safe to do
>so.

Martin argues that in 2) the server should not send back a response.

I haven't looked at RFC 2478 closely, but it seems to me that even in
in this case case the server should send back a NegTokenResp with the
negResult (accept_completed) and supportedMech elements.


-- Luke

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Jeffrey Altman wrote:
> 
> (1) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
>      whether it was more important to maintain backward compatibility
>      then to add new features to the protocol.  There was unanimous
>      consensus in the room that backward compatibility was more
>      important.

Now I'm a little confused.  The new document contains a few clearly
backwards incompatible changes, and some of them are neither necessary
nor sensible.

Reading the current document and following the discussion I get the
impression that we're heading to standardize Microsoft's defective
installed based and create a significantly more complex and backward
incompatible standard.

Personally, I would appreciate if we kept the original standard,
added clarifications where necessary, and as an appendix listed
a few protocol-violating changes if one intends to interoperate
with Microsofts broken implementation and the security implications
of not requiring or not sending the mechListMIC token in those
scenarios.



> 
> (2) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
>      whether or not the use of mechanisms which do not support integrity
>      protection should be prohibited in 2478bis.  There was a very
>      strong feeling in the room that these mechanisms should be
>      prohibited.  Is this the consensus of the participants of
>      this mailing list?
> 
>      My concerns about adding this prohibition are that it may break
>      backward compatibility for some implementations of 2478 which
>      we are not aware of.  As such I believe doing so would be in
>      conflict with (1).

Not only does it break backwards compatibility, it artificially limits
SPNEGO to a subset of mechanisms allowed by GSS-API v2 (rfc2743/44),
and is therefore the entirely wrong place for such a limitation.

If GSS-API doesn't prohibit mechanisms that lack integrity, then
SPNEGO should do it either.  I would agree to a SHOULD NOT include
gssapi mechanisms lacking integrity protection, but I will NOT agree
to MUST NOT. 

> 
> (3) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
>      whether the use of optimistic tokens will be specified in 2478bis
>      as a "SHOULD" or a "MAY".  There was no consensus in the room.
>      Is there consensus on the mailing list?

NOPE!

It is NOT necessary to change the MAY, it will not improve interoperability
in any way, and the MAY will not discourage anyone from implementing it
(for anyone with common sense implementing SPNEGO -- and for those who
don't understand the possible benefit, the MAY should make it easier
to idenify implementations that we should avoid ... :)

But what I really dislike is the suprising "MUST process" of the
optimistic token for the acceptor -- while rfc2478 said MAY ignore.

This is is entirely against IETF conventions of rev'ing standard
track protocol specs, a SHOULD process is the only sensible
(and the only backwards compatible) change we could do here.


> 
> (4) Martin raised the possibility that implementations of SPNEGO outside
>      of the current list participants might be broken by the new SOMIC
>      rules or other changes.  In the absence of additional data it is
>      very hard to make a determination as to how great a risk this is.
>      What I am wondering is what we can do to try and track down some
>      of these additional implementations?  Martin, do you have any
>      ideas?

Sorry, I don't.

I don't know whether Denis Pinkas or Eric Baize (listed as authors on
the original SPNEGO document) still work for Bull and one SESAME issues
and can provide feedback on the evolution of their former SNEGO implementation
on which the SPNEGO spec was founded. 

I was surprized how many independent (mostly proprietary) implementations
of gssapi mechanism exist.  I got to know then only because the vendors
asked for interoperability certification of their product with our
application.  I don't know how many of them (if any) are or have
ever participated in IETF activities.  Here's a quick list of companies:

ietf mechanism:         Company (Country)

    Kerberos 5             MIT, CyberSafe, CA/Platinum, Microsoft, heimdal
    SPKM                   Entrust (CA), Shym (US), Baltimore (US)

proprietary mechanisms:

    AM-DCE                 Bull (FR)
    (propr.)               Sagem (FR)
    sdti,rsakeon,trustnet  TFS-Tech (SE) former RSA/SDTI 
    safelayer              Safelayer (SP)
    NEC Secureware         NEC (JP)
    itsec                  UBS/ITsec (CH)
    Adnovum GSSv2          UBS/Adnovum (CH)
    ISign/secui            Penta Security Systems (South Korea)
    Sisler                 Siemens India (India)
    cpro                   Mecomp (RU)
    lissi                  Lissi (RU)
    kobil                  Kobil GmbH (DE)
    T-Secure               secunet/Telekom (DE)

how many do you recognize?

> 
> (5) There was discussion on the list on the subject of whether or
>      not there should be explicit text added to the draft recommending
>      that implementations replace a SPNEGO token with a mech specific
>      token when only one mech is available in the initiator.  It seems
>      to me that doing so would improve the security of the protocol
>      as well as improve the performance.  I did not see the discussion
>      reach a conclusion one way or the other.  Does anyone have some
>      proposed text for this or should it be dropped?

In addition,
the explicit requirement for an SPNEGO acceptor to dispatch an
initial non-SPNEGO security context token correctly to the
corresponding mechanism (if available) should be added, because the
existing implicit requirement seems not to be obvious for everyone.

> 
> (6) There was a discussion on the history of the term "mechanism
>      variants".  I would prefer to either see undefined terms be removed
>      from documents or be defined.  Martin, could you propose some text
>      to be added to the document which can be used to define the meaning
>      of this term?

I can only come up with "hear-say" and the text from the originally
circulated SNEGO proposal from Denis Pinkas and Eric Baize.  But that
really isn't a lot.  Most of the variants issue was discussed in
person, maybe even in break or hallway discussion that did not get
captured in any minutes.


-Martin

PS: Lacking time, I still have only glanced through the document.
    It's 11:30pm here now, and I gotta go home.

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Luke Howard wrote:
> 
> >(3) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
> >     whether the use of optimistic tokens will be specified in 2478bis
> >     as a "SHOULD" or a "MAY".  There was no consensus in the room.
> >     Is there consensus on the mailing list?
> 
> We would prefer SHOULD. Indeed, Heimdal right now requires the
> optimistic token (and this is unlikely to be fixed until it gets
> mechglue).

I'm a little surprized?  Do you mean that your SPNEGO acceptor will
break if it receives an initial SPNEGO token without an optimistic
context token?

That this token was optional was quite obvious from the rfc2478 spec,
and that spec is so short that it is hard to misread or misinterpret
this part.

Now if implementors get that part of rfc2478 wrong, then I don't have
any hope that implementors get the current rfc2478bis right, because
it is a least a magnitude more complex.

-Martin

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>> We would prefer SHOULD. Indeed, Heimdal right now requires the
>> optimistic token (and this is unlikely to be fixed until it gets
>> mechglue).
>
>I'm a little surprized?  Do you mean that your SPNEGO acceptor will
>break if it receives an initial SPNEGO token without an optimistic
>context token?

Yes. I agree it's wrong, and it needs to be fixed, but it's a little
difficult due to the way SPNEGO is implemented in Heimdal. Fixing it
is on my todo list (see related discussion on heimdal-discuss).

-- Luke

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Date: Wed, 24 Nov 2004 17:20:16 -0600
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
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On Wed, Nov 24, 2004 at 11:31:26PM +0100, Martin Rex wrote:
> Jeffrey Altman wrote:
> > 
> > (1) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
> >      whether it was more important to maintain backward compatibility
> >      then to add new features to the protocol.  There was unanimous
> >      consensus in the room that backward compatibility was more
> >      important.
> 
> Now I'm a little confused.  The new document contains a few clearly
> backwards incompatible changes, and some of them are neither necessary
> nor sensible.
> 
> Reading the current document and following the discussion I get the
> impression that we're heading to standardize Microsoft's defective
> installed based and create a significantly more complex and backward
> incompatible standard.

Well, that's the thing, we have at least one implementation, MS', that
is widely deployed and not faithful to rfc2478, broken in a particular
way such that recovering from it will require flag days or sacrifice of
some degree of interop.  If there are other widely deployed
implementations we need to hear about them and figure out what we can
do, if anything, to recover from this.

> Personally, I would appreciate if we kept the original standard,
> added clarifications where necessary, and as an appendix listed
> a few protocol-violating changes if one intends to interoperate
> with Microsofts broken implementation and the security implications
> of not requiring or not sending the mechListMIC token in those
> scenarios.

This is worth considering, and if we do this we ought to have a
requirement for a configuration knob for selecting which behaviour to
use.

> > (2) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
> >      whether or not the use of mechanisms which do not support integrity
> >      protection should be prohibited in 2478bis.  There was a very
> >      strong feeling in the room that these mechanisms should be
> >      prohibited.  Is this the consensus of the participants of
> >      this mailing list?
> > 
> >      My concerns about adding this prohibition are that it may break
> >      backward compatibility for some implementations of 2478 which
> >      we are not aware of.  As such I believe doing so would be in
> >      conflict with (1).
> 
> Not only does it break backwards compatibility, it artificially limits
> SPNEGO to a subset of mechanisms allowed by GSS-API v2 (rfc2743/44),
> and is therefore the entirely wrong place for such a limitation.
> 
> If GSS-API doesn't prohibit mechanisms that lack integrity, then
> SPNEGO should do it either.  I would agree to a SHOULD NOT include
> gssapi mechanisms lacking integrity protection, but I will NOT agree
> to MUST NOT. 

SHOULD NOT is fine by me.

> > 
> > (3) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
> >      whether the use of optimistic tokens will be specified in 2478bis
> >      as a "SHOULD" or a "MAY".  There was no consensus in the room.
> >      Is there consensus on the mailing list?
> 
> NOPE!
> 
> It is NOT necessary to change the MAY, it will not improve interoperability
> in any way, and the MAY will not discourage anyone from implementing it
> (for anyone with common sense implementing SPNEGO -- and for those who
> don't understand the possible benefit, the MAY should make it easier
> to idenify implementations that we should avoid ... :)

I don't care if it's MAY or SHOULD, but do see Love's note about
Heimdal's implementation -- evidently saying 'SHOULD' would help interop
with Heimdal.

> But what I really dislike is the suprising "MUST process" of the
> optimistic token for the acceptor -- while rfc2478 said MAY ignore.

If the acceptor selects that mechanism then it should be MUST process --
how is the initiator to know that the acceptor didn't process its
optimistic token even though it accepted that mechanism?

> > (4) Martin raised the possibility that implementations of SPNEGO outside
> >      of the current list participants might be broken by the new SOMIC
> >      rules or other changes.  In the absence of additional data it is
> >      very hard to make a determination as to how great a risk this is.
> >      What I am wondering is what we can do to try and track down some
> >      of these additional implementations?  Martin, do you have any
> >      ideas?
> 
> Sorry, I don't.
> 
> I don't know whether Denis Pinkas or Eric Baize (listed as authors on
> the original SPNEGO document) still work for Bull and one SESAME issues
> and can provide feedback on the evolution of their former SNEGO implementation
> on which the SPNEGO spec was founded. 
> 
> I was surprized how many independent (mostly proprietary) implementations
> of gssapi mechanism exist.  I got to know then only because the vendors
> asked for interoperability certification of their product with our
> application.  I don't know how many of them (if any) are or have
> ever participated in IETF activities.  Here's a quick list of companies:
> 
> ietf mechanism:         Company (Country)
> 
>     Kerberos 5             MIT, CyberSafe, CA/Platinum, Microsoft, heimdal
>     SPKM                   Entrust (CA), Shym (US), Baltimore (US)
> 
> proprietary mechanisms:
> 
>     AM-DCE                 Bull (FR)
>     (propr.)               Sagem (FR)
>     sdti,rsakeon,trustnet  TFS-Tech (SE) former RSA/SDTI 
>     safelayer              Safelayer (SP)
>     NEC Secureware         NEC (JP)
>     itsec                  UBS/ITsec (CH)
>     Adnovum GSSv2          UBS/Adnovum (CH)
>     ISign/secui            Penta Security Systems (South Korea)
>     Sisler                 Siemens India (India)
>     cpro                   Mecomp (RU)
>     lissi                  Lissi (RU)
>     kobil                  Kobil GmbH (DE)
>     T-Secure               secunet/Telekom (DE)
> 
> how many do you recognize?

None, and I worked for a subsidiary of one of those companies :/

That list is surprisingly -- and satisfyingly -- long.

> > 
> > (5) There was discussion on the list on the subject of whether or
> >      not there should be explicit text added to the draft recommending
> >      that implementations replace a SPNEGO token with a mech specific
> >      token when only one mech is available in the initiator.  It seems
> >      to me that doing so would improve the security of the protocol
> >      as well as improve the performance.  I did not see the discussion
> >      reach a conclusion one way or the other.  Does anyone have some
> >      proposed text for this or should it be dropped?
> 
> In addition,
> the explicit requirement for an SPNEGO acceptor to dispatch an
> initial non-SPNEGO security context token correctly to the
> corresponding mechanism (if available) should be added, because the
> existing implicit requirement seems not to be obvious for everyone.

I'm not sure I follow (5).  But the acceptor should reply with a token
for the mechanism named in the initiator's initial token's frame, which
would be SPNEGO if the initiator used SPNEGO.

Nico
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Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
>     Jeffrey> (5) There was discussion on the list on the subject of
>     Jeffrey> whether or not there should be explicit text added to the
>     Jeffrey> draft recommending that implementations replace a SPNEGO
>     Jeffrey> token with a mech specific token when only one mech is
>     Jeffrey> available in the initiator.  It seems to me that doing so
>     Jeffrey> would improve the security of the protocol as well as
>     Jeffrey> improve the performance.  I did not see the discussion
>     Jeffrey> reach a conclusion one way or the other.  Does anyone
>     Jeffrey> have some proposed text for this or should it be dropped?
> 
> I think it should be dropped.  I don't see how it improves security.

I do not think it improves security either.

That was only to improve interoperability with gssapi mechanisms
that don't have an accompanying SPNEGO.

-Martin

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>> It is NOT necessary to change the MAY, it will not improve interoperability
>> in any way, and the MAY will not discourage anyone from implementing it
>> (for anyone with common sense implementing SPNEGO -- and for those who
>> don't understand the possible benefit, the MAY should make it easier
>> to idenify implementations that we should avoid ... :)
>
>I don't care if it's MAY or SHOULD, but do see Love's note about
>Heimdal's implementation -- evidently saying 'SHOULD' would help interop
>with Heimdal.

Taking my implementor's hat off, I don't think the specification should
be relaxed just because one implementation isn't fixed, particularly if
it is not widely deployed (correct me if I'm wrong but I don't know too
many people using Heimdal's SPNEGO).


-- Luke

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Luke Howard wrote:
> 
> >Have you noticed that the protocol can end up with two negotiation
> >messages/tokens in the following two ways?
> >
> >1) The initiator includes a mechlistMIC token in the first message.
> >2) The acceptor omits the mic_token exchange because it is safe to do
> >so.
> 
> Martin argues that in 2) the server should not send back a response.
> 
> I haven't looked at RFC 2478 closely, but it seems to me that even in
> in this case case the server should send back a NegTokenResp with the
> negResult (accept_completed) and supportedMech elements.
 
What I'm actually worried about is the synchronization of when
both sides think the security context establishment is complete.

Because once the security context establishment is complete,
the implementation must return GSS_S_COMPLETE from either
gss_init_sec_context() or gss_accept_sec_context() and at that
point the application is free to start using the message protection
facilities.

Different from GSS-API v2,  a GSS-API mechanism is therefore
not longer permitted to return an additional (=optional) security
context token, because that would create a prohibited interference
of the applications permitted use of the message protection primitives
after GSS_S_COMPLETE and SPNEGOs use of gss_getmic() to integrity
protect the mechListMIC.

So basically the negotiation token must reflect the state information
whether an additional security token MUST be sent by the peer,
or whether it MUST NOT be sent.  There is no option.

-Martin



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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
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Martin Rex wrote:


> I do not think it improves security either.

We already established that if this creates a security weakness, because
it prevents the SPENGO server from demanding mechlistMIC when that is
needed.

-- larry





-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Martin Rex
Sent: Wednesday, November 24, 2004 3:23 PM
To: Sam Hartman
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Open Issues on draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis

Sam Hartman wrote:
>=20
>     Jeffrey> (5) There was discussion on the list on the subject of
>     Jeffrey> whether or not there should be explicit text added to the
>     Jeffrey> draft recommending that implementations replace a SPNEGO
>     Jeffrey> token with a mech specific token when only one mech is
>     Jeffrey> available in the initiator.  It seems to me that doing so
>     Jeffrey> would improve the security of the protocol as well as
>     Jeffrey> improve the performance.  I did not see the discussion
>     Jeffrey> reach a conclusion one way or the other.  Does anyone
>     Jeffrey> have some proposed text for this or should it be dropped?
>=20
> I think it should be dropped.  I don't see how it improves security.

I do not think it improves security either.

That was only to improve interoperability with gssapi mechanisms that
don't have an accompanying SPNEGO.

-Martin

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Nov 24 18:45:17 2004
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From: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> > But what I really dislike is the suprising "MUST process" of the
> > optimistic token for the acceptor -- while rfc2478 said MAY ignore.
> 
> If the acceptor selects that mechanism then it should be MUST process --
> how is the initiator to know that the acceptor didn't process its
> optimistic token even though it accepted that mechanism?

How do you understand the following text from rfc2478, under
NegTokenTarg/NegResult, page 8:

                                         this feature allows to make a
          difference between a mechToken sent by the initiator but not
          processed by the target (accept_incomplete) and a mechToken
          sent by the initiator and processed by the target
          (accept_completed).

-Martin

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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
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Haven't we explicitly masked out prot_ready_state in section 3.1?


   To avoid conflicts with the use of MIC tokens by SPNEGO,
   partially-established contexts are not used for per-message calls:
   the prot_ready_state [RFC2743] will be false even if the underlying
   mechanism would return true natively.


-----Original Message-----
From: Martin Rex [mailto:martin.rex@sap.com]=20
Sent: Wednesday, November 24, 2004 3:31 PM
To: lukeh@padl.com
Cc: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu; martin.rex@sap.com; kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Issues in SPNEGO-bis draft 00

Luke Howard wrote:
>=20
> >Have you noticed that the protocol can end up with two negotiation=20
> >messages/tokens in the following two ways?
> >
> >1) The initiator includes a mechlistMIC token in the first message.
> >2) The acceptor omits the mic_token exchange because it is safe to do

> >so.
>=20
> Martin argues that in 2) the server should not send back a response.
>=20
> I haven't looked at RFC 2478 closely, but it seems to me that even in=20
> in this case case the server should send back a NegTokenResp with the=20
> negResult (accept_completed) and supportedMech elements.
=20
What I'm actually worried about is the synchronization of when both
sides think the security context establishment is complete.

Because once the security context establishment is complete, the
implementation must return GSS_S_COMPLETE from either
gss_init_sec_context() or gss_accept_sec_context() and at that point the
application is free to start using the message protection facilities.

Different from GSS-API v2,  a GSS-API mechanism is therefore not longer
permitted to return an additional (=3Doptional) security context token,
because that would create a prohibited interference of the applications
permitted use of the message protection primitives after GSS_S_COMPLETE
and SPNEGOs use of gss_getmic() to integrity protect the mechListMIC.

So basically the negotiation token must reflect the state information
whether an additional security token MUST be sent by the peer, or
whether it MUST NOT be sent.  There is no option.

-Martin



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From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
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On Thu, Nov 25, 2004 at 12:39:27AM +0100, Martin Rex wrote:
> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> > 
> > > But what I really dislike is the suprising "MUST process" of the
> > > optimistic token for the acceptor -- while rfc2478 said MAY ignore.
> > 
> > If the acceptor selects that mechanism then it should be MUST process --
> > how is the initiator to know that the acceptor didn't process its
> > optimistic token even though it accepted that mechanism?
> 
> How do you understand the following text from rfc2478, under
> NegTokenTarg/NegResult, page 8:
> 
>                                          this feature allows to make a
>           difference between a mechToken sent by the initiator but not
>           processed by the target (accept_incomplete) and a mechToken
>           sent by the initiator and processed by the target
>           (accept_completed).

That works only for mechs with one-token exchanges and...  See the rest
of that paragraph:

          Note: For the case where (a) a single-token context setup is
          used and (b) the preferred mechanism does not support the
          integrity facility which would cause a mechListMIC to be
          generated and enclosed, this feature allows to make a
          difference between a mechToken sent by the initiator but not
          processed by the target (accept_incomplete) and a mechToken
          sent by the initiator and processed by the target
          (accept_completed).

Nico
--

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Martin.Rex wrote:
> 
> > > >Have you noticed that the protocol can end up with two negotiation 
> > > >messages/tokens in the following two ways?
> > > >
> > > >1) The initiator includes a mechlistMIC token in the first message.
> > > >2) The acceptor omits the mic_token exchange because it is safe to do
> 
> Maybe I was just confused by the wording above?
> 
> Omitting a token exchange would break the architecture.
> Omitting a specific content in a token exchange (like a particular
> mechListMIC) would be ok.

Ooops, I meant to say that Omitting a specific content in a token
exchange would be ok with the GSS-API architecture.

One would still have to check whether it breaks the SPNEGO protection
promise or backwards compatibility.

-Martin


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Martin Rex wrote:
 > Now if implementors get that part of rfc2478 wrong, then I don't have
any hope that implementors get the current=20
> rfc2478bis right, because it is a least a magnitude more complex.

I strongly disagree, vanilla 2478 is impossible to implement because it
is underspecified. I have at least 3 implementers who indicated to me
independently 2478bis is very easy to translate into code!

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Martin Rex
Sent: Wednesday, November 24, 2004 2:55 PM
To: lukeh@padl.com
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Subject: Re: Open Issues on draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis

Luke Howard wrote:
>=20
> >(3) At IETF61 there was a consensus call in the meeting room asking
> >     whether the use of optimistic tokens will be specified in
2478bis
> >     as a "SHOULD" or a "MAY".  There was no consensus in the room.
> >     Is there consensus on the mailing list?
>=20
> We would prefer SHOULD. Indeed, Heimdal right now requires the=20
> optimistic token (and this is unlikely to be fixed until it gets=20
> mechglue).

I'm a little surprized?  Do you mean that your SPNEGO acceptor will
break if it receives an initial SPNEGO token without an optimistic
context token?

That this token was optional was quite obvious from the rfc2478 spec,
and that spec is so short that it is hard to misread or misinterpret
this part.

Now if implementors get that part of rfc2478 wrong, then I don't have
any hope that implementors get the current rfc2478bis right, because it
is a least a magnitude more complex.

-Martin

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 Martin Rex wrote:
> then I have Ken on the record for MAY (from his posting to this
mailing list, I don't know about IETF hallway=20
> discussions).

Ken is for "SHOULD". See attached.



-----Original Message-----
From: Martin Rex [mailto:martin.rex@sap.com]=20
Sent: Wednesday, November 24, 2004 2:50 PM
To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Open Issues on draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis

Liqiang\ wrote:
>=20
> Jeff wrote:
> >    Is there consensus on the mailing list?
>=20
> Humm... This sounds a call for the duty of the chair.=20
>=20
> Folks, if you spoke before, I urge you to speak again.
>=20
> Ken, Sam, Nico, Wyllys, and me preferred "SHOULD", please speak if=20
> this is accurate.

If the consensus context was about the MAY or SHOULD support optimistic
token, then I have Ken on the record for MAY (from his posting to this
mailing list, I don't know about IETF hallway discussions).

Folks, this is NOT about whether we put MAY or SHOULD into an entirely
new document.  This is about whether there are strong reasons that
justify changing a MAY into a SHOULD for an existing spec.

As it is, such a change will not affect interoperability, so a change is
neither necessary nor advisable.


>=20
> > There was a discussion on the history of the term "mechanism
> >   variants". =20
>=20
> Section 6 actually described what is a "mechanism variant". I agree we

> can add a forward reference here.

Sorry, but I strongly disagree.
Section 6 further adds to the confusion by being extremely
ambiguous/vague, and the motivation for rev'ving rfc2478 was to reduce
ambiguity.

Either we drop the mentioning of variants entirely or we standardize
them in a non-ambiguous fashion. (Which might prove rather difficult,
given the original ambiguity an few, if any, actual use in
implementations.

Anyone from Bull or the Original SESAME project listening?

SESAME was the European counterpart for DCE, partly funded as a research
project of the Europeaon union and a cooperation of at least one
University and three companies Bull (FR), SSE/Siemens (IR) and ICL (UK)
?


-Martin

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*sigh*  I thought I recalled RFC 2119 better than I did.
"SHOULD" carries less weight than I thought it did, and the same weight=20
as "RECOMMENDED", which I was going to suggest as sounding weaker than=20
(I thought) "SHOULD" sounded, while still encouraging developers to go=20
in that direction.

So, I guess I'm okay with "SHOULD" (or "RECOMMENDED") after all. =20
Sorry...

Ken


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  Martin Rex wrote:
> Folks, this is NOT about whether we put MAY or SHOULD into an entirely
new document. =20

Your claim is ridiculously false!  Vanilla 2478 does not contain a "MAY"
in the terminology of RFC 2119. Even if a MAY were in RFC 2478,
promoting it to a "SHOULD" does not break compatibility: the *receiver*
will need to handle the optimistic token even we use a "MAY" there.


-- Larry

P.S. I do not want to go too far on this, but would the word "bloody
sports" rings a bell here?

-----Original Message-----
From: Martin Rex [mailto:martin.rex@sap.com]=20
Sent: Wednesday, November 24, 2004 2:50 PM
To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Open Issues on draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis

Liqiang\ wrote:
>=20
> Jeff wrote:
> >    Is there consensus on the mailing list?
>=20
> Humm... This sounds a call for the duty of the chair.=20
>=20
> Folks, if you spoke before, I urge you to speak again.
>=20
> Ken, Sam, Nico, Wyllys, and me preferred "SHOULD", please speak if=20
> this is accurate.

If the consensus context was about the MAY or SHOULD support optimistic
token, then I have Ken on the record for MAY (from his posting to this
mailing list, I don't know about IETF hallway discussions).

Folks, this is NOT about whether we put MAY or SHOULD into an entirely
new document.  This is about whether there are strong reasons that
justify changing a MAY into a SHOULD for an existing spec.

As it is, such a change will not affect interoperability, so a change is
neither necessary nor advisable.


>=20
> > There was a discussion on the history of the term "mechanism
> >   variants". =20
>=20
> Section 6 actually described what is a "mechanism variant". I agree we

> can add a forward reference here.

Sorry, but I strongly disagree.
Section 6 further adds to the confusion by being extremely
ambiguous/vague, and the motivation for rev'ving rfc2478 was to reduce
ambiguity.

Either we drop the mentioning of variants entirely or we standardize
them in a non-ambiguous fashion. (Which might prove rather difficult,
given the original ambiguity an few, if any, actual use in
implementations.

Anyone from Bull or the Original SESAME project listening?

SESAME was the European counterpart for DCE, partly funded as a research
project of the Europeaon union and a cooperation of at least one
University and three companies Bull (FR), SSE/Siemens (IR) and ICL (UK)
?


-Martin

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Hi.  I'd like to express support for the current text that requires
must process an optimistic token if one is provided.  I believe this
makes implementations simpler to code and reduces the testing matrix.
Also, it is not incompatible with any of the reasons given for SHOULD
send optimistic instead of MUST send optimistic.

I understand Martin's concern that this text may make some existing
RFC 2748 implementations non-conformant.  I think that when recycling
at proposed, which is what we plan to do for SPNEGO, it is acceptable
to add additional requirements that have been found to be
advantageous.  There would be a higher bar to meet if it were
impossible to meet the requirements of both RFC 2748 and the new
requirements.  However RFC 2748 clearly permits the processing of
optimistic tokens.

I do believe that Martin has brought up points regarding
incompatibilities with RFC 2748 that require careful consideration.
My generals thoughts are that we are going in the right direction and
are doing the best job we can.  However I'm still considering Martin's
messages on the subject.  I do plan to write a note giving my opinion
on that issue once I finish forming it in the next day or so.

--Sam


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>>>>> "Liqiang(Larry)" == Liqiang(Larry) Zhu <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com> writes:

    Liqiang(Larry)>   Martin Rex wrote:
    >> Folks, this is NOT about whether we put MAY or SHOULD into an
    >> entirely
    Liqiang(Larry)> new document.

    Liqiang(Larry)> Your claim is ridiculously false!  Vanilla 2478
    Liqiang(Larry)> does not contain a "MAY" in the terminology of RFC
    Liqiang(Larry)> 2119. Even if a MAY were in RFC 2478, promoting it
    Liqiang(Larry)> to a "SHOULD" does not break compatibility: the
    Liqiang(Larry)> *receiver* will need to handle the optimistic
    Liqiang(Larry)> token even we use a "MAY" there.


    Liqiang(Larry)> -- Larry

I wouldn't use language as strong as Larry, but I do agree with what
he says.  Promoting MAYs to SHOULD based on implementation experience
is one of the things that commonly happens as standards are revised.
Promoting SHOULD to MUST also happens; if you do that you need to
recycle at proposed because you may cause implementations of the old
spec not to conform to the new spec.

You definitely want to make it possible to write an implementation
that will work with the new and the old spec.

I think a lot of Martin's reluctance here may come from the API part
of GSSAPI.  Interoperability rules for an API are more tricky in some
ways than for a protocol. 

--Sam


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Kitten (GSS-API Next Generation) Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
	Author(s)	: L. Zhu, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-01.txt
	Pages		: 24
	Date		: 2004-11-30
	
This document specifies a negotiation mechanism for the Generic
   Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) which is
   described in RFC 2743.

   GSS-API peers can use this negotiation mechanism to choose from a
   common set of security mechanisms.

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Subject: Spnego and interoperability--Running code
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Especially in working groups where I'm fairly active as an individual
contributor, I'l try and explicitly lable when I'm speaking as area
director.  I'll also generally label when I'm speaking as an
individual, but if there is doubt I'm probably speaking as an
individual.  This message is definitely my individual opinion.  I'm
hoping to try and explain why the interoperability approach we're
adopting in the new SPNEGO protocol is correct.

Martin brought up a good point in the SPNEGO discussion.  Roughly as I
understand it, he is concerned that we're catering to the Microsoft
implementation rather than what RFC 2478 says.

An implementation that conforms to Larry's draft will not interoperate
with a strict 2748 implementation.  Even if the new implementation
always sends a MIC, it will still fail to interop.  If it is a server,
it will fail because it requests a MIC using an option that older
implementations simply do not support.  I believe clients will tend to
fail too.

This is not ideal.  I'm going to try and justify why I believe this is
the right course of action for the IETF.

The IETf is about producing a working Internet--running code is at the
core of our mission statement.  We write specs for two reasons.
First, without having a written document to discuss, we find it hard
to judge rough consensus.  Second, we have found that clear
specifications are the best way to get running code.

As a practical matter, the SPNEGO implementers within the IETF have
valued interoperability with the Microsoft implementation.  

SPNEGO is at proposed standard; it is reasonable for us to modify or
withdraw the specification based on implementation experience.  It's
unfortunate that it has been sitting at proposed standard so long, but
that's where we are.  martin made an argument that the base GSS-API
and C bindings spec are actually more mature than their standars level
indicates.  I agree with that argument but do not think it applies for
SPNEGO.  For one thing, the spec is critically flawed in that it
doesn't tell you what encoding to use.  Tom indicated that there are
at least three possible encodings; discussion on the list suggested
that the choice of encoding is rather arbitrary.  Even if there are
RFC 2478 implementations out there, they may end up not interoperating
with themselves because of this defect in the spec.

Martin proposed that we document correct behavior and include an
appendix on how to interoperate with existing incorrect
implementations.  In principle that seems like a fine idea.  However
without changing what correct behavior is somewhat, there is no way to
be secure and to interoperate with existing implementations.  If we
are willing to adopt Larry's approach, we get security between new
implementations all the time while maintaining interoperability with
the implementations we have within the IETF community.

In my mind this is the best of the available bad solutions.

--Sam


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