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Date: Wed, 01 Dec 2004 00:50:20 -0500
From: Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu>
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Subject: Re: Spnego and interoperability--Running code
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Speaking as chair, I believe that this is a rationale argument in favor 
of the changes made to RFC 2478.  I believe that this argument should be 
summarized and included in "Appendix B" of the document.  I would 
appreciate it if someone could post such text for consideration.

Jeffrey Altman

Sam Hartman wrote:

> Especially in working groups where I'm fairly active as an individual
> contributor, I'l try and explicitly lable when I'm speaking as area
> director.  I'll also generally label when I'm speaking as an
> individual, but if there is doubt I'm probably speaking as an
> individual.  This message is definitely my individual opinion.  I'm
> hoping to try and explain why the interoperability approach we're
> adopting in the new SPNEGO protocol is correct.
> 
> Martin brought up a good point in the SPNEGO discussion.  Roughly as I
> understand it, he is concerned that we're catering to the Microsoft
> implementation rather than what RFC 2478 says.
> 
> An implementation that conforms to Larry's draft will not interoperate
> with a strict 2748 implementation.  Even if the new implementation
> always sends a MIC, it will still fail to interop.  If it is a server,
> it will fail because it requests a MIC using an option that older
> implementations simply do not support.  I believe clients will tend to
> fail too.
> 
> This is not ideal.  I'm going to try and justify why I believe this is
> the right course of action for the IETF.
> 
> The IETf is about producing a working Internet--running code is at the
> core of our mission statement.  We write specs for two reasons.
> First, without having a written document to discuss, we find it hard
> to judge rough consensus.  Second, we have found that clear
> specifications are the best way to get running code.
> 
> As a practical matter, the SPNEGO implementers within the IETF have
> valued interoperability with the Microsoft implementation.  
> 
> SPNEGO is at proposed standard; it is reasonable for us to modify or
> withdraw the specification based on implementation experience.  It's
> unfortunate that it has been sitting at proposed standard so long, but
> that's where we are.  martin made an argument that the base GSS-API
> and C bindings spec are actually more mature than their standars level
> indicates.  I agree with that argument but do not think it applies for
> SPNEGO.  For one thing, the spec is critically flawed in that it
> doesn't tell you what encoding to use.  Tom indicated that there are
> at least three possible encodings; discussion on the list suggested
> that the choice of encoding is rather arbitrary.  Even if there are
> RFC 2478 implementations out there, they may end up not interoperating
> with themselves because of this defect in the spec.
> 
> Martin proposed that we document correct behavior and include an
> appendix on how to interoperate with existing incorrect
> implementations.  In principle that seems like a fine idea.  However
> without changing what correct behavior is somewhat, there is no way to
> be secure and to interoperate with existing implementations.  If we
> are willing to adopt Larry's approach, we get security between new
> implementations all the time while maintaining interoperability with
> the implementations we have within the IETF community.
> 
> In my mind this is the best of the available bad solutions.
> 
> --Sam
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Kitten mailing list
> Kitten@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten

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On Tuesday, November 30, 2004 22:14:15 -0500 Sam Hartman 
<hartmans-ietf@mit.edu> wrote:

> Martin brought up a good point in the SPNEGO discussion.  Roughly as I
> understand it, he is concerned that we're catering to the Microsoft
> implementation rather than what RFC 2478 says.

This is really very similar to what we just did with Kerberos:

- There is an existing specification which is vague and underspecified.

- There is a widely-deployed reference implementation which disagrees
  with the existing specification in several ways.

- The reference implemenation was developed prior to or in parallel with
  the existing specification.

- It is impossible to both comply with the existing specification and
  interoperate with the reference implementation.

- There are multiple existing implementations which do interoperate with
  the reference implementation and with each other.


In the case of Kerberos, it turns out to be difficult-to-impossible to 
interoperate with both the reference implementation and a strictly 
conformant one.  In this situation, we chose to update and correct the 
specification to reflect the behavior of the reference implementation and 
others that interoperate with it, even though we knew of the existence of 
strictly-RFC1510-conformant implementations (deployed mostly on private 
networks).

Interoperability with existing implementations won out over 100% 
compatibility with a broken specification which was not widely deployed on 
the public Internet.


This was the correct course of action for Kerberos, and I believe it is the 
correct course of action for SPNEGO.

-- Jeff


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Thread-Topic: Spnego and interoperability--Running code
thread-index: AcTXa7uk4xqDYUHeR1Sv+lzqkoGYQgAfojGA
From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
To: "Jeffrey Altman" <jaltman@columbia.edu>, <kitten@ietf.org>
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Subject: RE: Spnego and interoperability--Running code
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Here is the proposed text to be appended to appendix B.

--------------------------------------------------------------------
   An implementation that conforms to this specification  will not
   interoperate with a strict 2748 implementation.  Even if the new
   implementation always sends a mechlistMIC token, it will still fail
   to interoperate.  If it is a server, it will fail because it requests
   a mechlistMIC token using an option that older implementations simply
   do not support.  Clients will tend to fail as well.

   As an alternative to the approach chosen in this specification, we
   could have documented a correct behavior that is fully backward
   compatible with RFC 2478 and included an appendix on how to
   interoperate with existing incorrect implementations of RFC 2478.

   As a practical matter, the SPNEGO implementers within the IETF have
   valued interoperability with the Microsoft implementations.  We were
   unable to choose to maintain reasonable security guarantees, maintain
   interoperability with the Microsoft implementations and maintain
   interoperability with correct implementations of RFC 2478.  The
   working group was not aware of any RFC 2478 implementations.  Even if
   there are RFC 2478 implementations, it is unlikely that they will
   interoperate because of a critical flaw in the description of the
   encoding of the mechanism list in RFC 2478.

   With the approach taken in this specification, we get security
   between new implementations all the time while maintaining
   interoperability with the implementations we have within the IETF
   community.  The working group believes that this justifies breaking
   compatibility with a correct implementation of RFC 2478.=20

-----------------------------------------------------------------

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Jeffrey Altman
Sent: Tuesday, November 30, 2004 9:50 PM
To: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Spnego and interoperability--Running code

Speaking as chair, I believe that this is a rationale argument in favor
of the changes made to RFC 2478.  I believe that this argument should be
summarized and included in "Appendix B" of the document.  I would
appreciate it if someone could post such text for consideration.

Jeffrey Altman

Sam Hartman wrote:

> Especially in working groups where I'm fairly active as an individual=20
> contributor, I'l try and explicitly lable when I'm speaking as area=20
> director.  I'll also generally label when I'm speaking as an=20
> individual, but if there is doubt I'm probably speaking as an=20
> individual.  This message is definitely my individual opinion.  I'm=20
> hoping to try and explain why the interoperability approach we're=20
> adopting in the new SPNEGO protocol is correct.
>=20
> Martin brought up a good point in the SPNEGO discussion.  Roughly as I

> understand it, he is concerned that we're catering to the Microsoft=20
> implementation rather than what RFC 2478 says.
>=20
> An implementation that conforms to Larry's draft will not interoperate

> with a strict 2748 implementation.  Even if the new implementation=20
> always sends a MIC, it will still fail to interop.  If it is a server,

> it will fail because it requests a MIC using an option that older=20
> implementations simply do not support.  I believe clients will tend to

> fail too.
>=20
> This is not ideal.  I'm going to try and justify why I believe this is

> the right course of action for the IETF.
>=20
> The IETf is about producing a working Internet--running code is at the

> core of our mission statement.  We write specs for two reasons.
> First, without having a written document to discuss, we find it hard=20
> to judge rough consensus.  Second, we have found that clear=20
> specifications are the best way to get running code.
>=20
> As a practical matter, the SPNEGO implementers within the IETF have=20
> valued interoperability with the Microsoft implementation.
>=20
> SPNEGO is at proposed standard; it is reasonable for us to modify or=20
> withdraw the specification based on implementation experience.  It's=20
> unfortunate that it has been sitting at proposed standard so long, but

> that's where we are.  martin made an argument that the base GSS-API=20
> and C bindings spec are actually more mature than their standars level

> indicates.  I agree with that argument but do not think it applies for

> SPNEGO.  For one thing, the spec is critically flawed in that it=20
> doesn't tell you what encoding to use.  Tom indicated that there are=20
> at least three possible encodings; discussion on the list suggested=20
> that the choice of encoding is rather arbitrary.  Even if there are=20
> RFC 2478 implementations out there, they may end up not interoperating

> with themselves because of this defect in the spec.
>=20
> Martin proposed that we document correct behavior and include an=20
> appendix on how to interoperate with existing incorrect=20
> implementations.  In principle that seems like a fine idea.  However=20
> without changing what correct behavior is somewhat, there is no way to

> be secure and to interoperate with existing implementations.  If we=20
> are willing to adopt Larry's approach, we get security between new=20
> implementations all the time while maintaining interoperability with=20
> the implementations we have within the IETF community.
>=20
> In my mind this is the best of the available bad solutions.
>=20
> --Sam
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Kitten mailing list
> Kitten@lists.ietf.org
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Subject: Appendix B text was Re: Spnego and interoperability--Running code
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Liqiang(Larry) Zhu wrote:
> Here is the proposed text to be appended to appendix B.
> 
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
>    An implementation that conforms to this specification  will not
>    interoperate with a strict 2748 implementation.  Even if the new
>    implementation always sends a mechlistMIC token, it will still fail
>    to interoperate.  If it is a server, it will fail because it requests
>    a mechlistMIC token using an option that older implementations simply
>    do not support.  Clients will tend to fail as well.
> 
>    As an alternative to the approach chosen in this specification, we
>    could have documented a correct behavior that is fully backward
>    compatible with RFC 2478 and included an appendix on how to
>    interoperate with existing incorrect implementations of RFC 2478.
> 
>    As a practical matter, the SPNEGO implementers within the IETF have
>    valued interoperability with the Microsoft implementations.  We were
>    unable to choose to maintain reasonable security guarantees, maintain
>    interoperability with the Microsoft implementations and maintain
>    interoperability with correct implementations of RFC 2478.  The
>    working group was not aware of any RFC 2478 implementations.  Even if
>    there are RFC 2478 implementations, it is unlikely that they will
>    interoperate because of a critical flaw in the description of the
>    encoding of the mechanism list in RFC 2478.
> 
>    With the approach taken in this specification, we get security
>    between new implementations all the time while maintaining
>    interoperability with the implementations we have within the IETF
>    community.  The working group believes that this justifies breaking
>    compatibility with a correct implementation of RFC 2478. 
> 
> -----------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> -- Larry

Thank you.  This is what I am looking for.

Jeffrey Altman

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Date: Wed, 1 Dec 2004 16:59:37 -0600
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
To: "Liqiang(Larry) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
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On Wed, Dec 01, 2004 at 01:12:28PM -0800, Liqiang(Larry) Zhu wrote:
> Here is the proposed text to be appended to appendix B.
> 
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
>    An implementation that conforms to this specification  will not
>    interoperate with a strict 2748 implementation.  Even if the new
>    implementation always sends a mechlistMIC token, it will still fail
>    to interoperate.  If it is a server, it will fail because it requests
>    a mechlistMIC token using an option that older implementations simply
>    do not support.  Clients will tend to fail as well.
> 
>    As an alternative to the approach chosen in this specification, we
>    could have documented a correct behavior that is fully backward
>    compatible with RFC 2478 and included an appendix on how to
>    interoperate with existing incorrect implementations of RFC 2478.
> 
>    As a practical matter, the SPNEGO implementers within the IETF have
>    valued interoperability with the Microsoft implementations.  We were
>    unable to choose to maintain reasonable security guarantees, maintain
>    interoperability with the Microsoft implementations and maintain
>    interoperability with correct implementations of RFC 2478.  The
>    working group was not aware of any RFC 2478 implementations.  Even if
>    there are RFC 2478 implementations, it is unlikely that they will
>    interoperate because of a critical flaw in the description of the
>    encoding of the mechanism list in RFC 2478.
> 
>    With the approach taken in this specification, we get security
>    between new implementations all the time while maintaining
>    interoperability with the implementations we have within the IETF
>    community.  The working group believes that this justifies breaking
>    compatibility with a correct implementation of RFC 2478. 
> 
> -----------------------------------------------------------------

The only change I would recommend is to add a clause to the first
sentence of the last paragraph: "With the approach taken ... all the
time while maintaining interoperability with some implementations ... in
common, but not all, cases."

I support this text.

Nico
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=20
RFC editors,

This is an update for our existing document.  This is a workinggroup
document for the KITTEN workinggroup.


-----------------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
Authors: Zhu, L., Leach, P.J., Jaganathan, K., Ingersoll, W.
Filename: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02.txt
Abstract:

   This document specifies a negotiation mechanism for the Generic
   Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) which is
   described in RFC 2743.

   GSS-API peers can use this negotiation mechanism to choose from a
   common set of security mechanisms.

Size: 25 pages
Expiry: June 1, 2005
--------------------------------------------------------------

Changes since -01: mostly editorial changes proposed by Jeff, plus the
proposed text in the end of appendix B.





Thanks,

-- Larry


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_______________________________________________
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Larry posted this -02 draft to the list at 5pm EST and it has yet to 
arrive so I am forwarding it again.

Jeffrey Altman



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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
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=20
RFC editors,

This is an update for our existing document.  This is a workinggroup
document for the KITTEN workinggroup.


-----------------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
Authors: Zhu, L., Leach, P.J., Jaganathan, K., Ingersoll, W.
Filename: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02.txt
Abstract:

   This document specifies a negotiation mechanism for the Generic
   Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) which is
   described in RFC 2743.

   GSS-API peers can use this negotiation mechanism to choose from a
   common set of security mechanisms.

Size: 25 pages
Expiry: June 1, 2005
--------------------------------------------------------------

Changes since -01: mostly editorial changes proposed by Jeff, plus the
proposed text in the end of appendix B.





Thanks,

-- Larry


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Subject: Working Group Last Call: The Simple and Protected GSS-API
 Negotiation Mechanism
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The authors of "The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism"
have informed me that they believe that draft -02 is ready for last
call.  I have reviewed the document and agree.  I believe the remaining
issues on the list are editorial in nature.

A Working Group Last Call period will start today to determine whether
or not it is the consensus of this group to submit the document to the
IESG for consideration as a Proposed Standard.

As the -02 draft has not been published by the Secretariat as yet,
a copy of the draft may be found in the Kitten mailing list archives
at:

   http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/kitten/current/msg00281.html

This Working Group Last Call will expire on 16-Dec-2004.

Please send comments on this document to "kitten@ietf.org".

-----------------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
Authors: Zhu, L., Leach, P.J., Jaganathan, K., Ingersoll, W.
Filename: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02.txt
Abstract:

    This document specifies a negotiation mechanism for the Generic
    Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) which is
    described in RFC 2743.

    GSS-API peers can use this negotiation mechanism to choose from a
    common set of security mechanisms.

Size: 25 pages
Expiry: June 1, 2005
--------------------------------------------------------------

Jeffrey Altman
Chair, IETF Kitten Working Group
Secure Endpoints Inc.



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Does anyone have any comments on the draft minutes submitted to
this list on 12 Nov 2004?

    http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/kitten/current/msg00194.html

Jeffrey Altman
Chair, IETF Kitten Working Group



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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Kitten (GSS-API Next Generation) Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Desired Enhancements to GSSAPI Naming
	Author(s)	: S. Hartman
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-gss-naming-00.txt
	Pages		: 13
	Date		: 2004-12-1
	
The Generic Security Services API (GSS-API) provides a naming
   architecture that supports  name-based authorization.  GSS-API
   authenticates two named parties to each other.  Names can be stored
   on access control lists to make authorization decisions.  Advances in
   security mechanisms and the way implementers wish to use GSS-API
   require this model to be extended.  Some mechanisms such as
   public-key mechanisms do not have a single name to be used across all
   environments.  Other mechanisms such as Kerberos allow names to
   change as people move around organizations.  This document proposes
   expanding the definition of GSS-API names to deal with these
   situations.

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>>>>> "Jeffrey" == Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu> writes:

    Jeffrey> Does anyone have any comments on the draft minutes
    Jeffrey> submitted to this list on 12 Nov 2004?

You indicated these were a bit rough and my reading agreed.  Any
chance you could let us review a more polished draft before
submitting?


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From: Wyllys Ingersoll <wyllys.ingersoll@sun.com>
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Subject: Last word on MechListMIC encoding
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The latest draft  submitted (-02) specifically states how the
MechListMIC is to be encoded:
Section 5, item 'a' says:
        [...] only the DER encoding of the type MechTypeList is included.

I interpret this to mean the following in the case where the
MechList contains the Kerberos OID (as an example):
       30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

This is acceptable to me (even though it breaks our current
implementation, which I seriously doubt that anyone is
interoperating with anyway since its not yet released).

Is everyone else in agreement about the definition of how
to encode the MIC  and with the text as it is written?

-Wyllys Ingersoll


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>       30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

I agree (eg. 

30 0b 06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 12 01 02 02

for just the Kerberos mech)

>This is acceptable to me (even though it breaks our current
>implementation, which I seriously doubt that anyone is
>interoperating with anyway since its not yet released).

What does your implementation do?

-- Luke

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Wyllys,

Because draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02.txt says EXPLICIT:

      SPNEGOASNOneSpec {
          iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
          security(5) mechanism(5) snego (2) modules(4) spec2(2)
      } DEFINITIONS EXPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN

      -- rest of definitions here

      END

I would expect a mechTypes element in a NegTokenInit to be prefixed with A0 nn -- mechTypes is EXPLICITly tagged with 0:

       NegTokenInit ::= SEQUENCE {
           mechTypes       [0] MechTypeList,
           reqFlags        [1] ContextFlags  OPTIONAL,
           mechToken       [2] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
           mechListMIC     [3] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
           ...
       }

Frank



                                                                                                                                        
                      Wyllys Ingersoll                                                                                                  
                      <wyllys.ingersoll@        To:       kitten@ietf.org                                                               
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The latest draft  submitted (-02) specifically states how the
MechListMIC is to be encoded:
Section 5, item 'a' says:
        [...] only the DER encoding of the type MechTypeList is included.

I interpret this to mean the following in the case where the
MechList contains the Kerberos OID (as an example):
       30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

This is acceptable to me (even though it breaks our current
implementation, which I seriously doubt that anyone is
interoperating with anyway since its not yet released).

Is everyone else in agreement about the definition of how
to encode the MIC  and with the text as it is written?

-Wyllys Ingersoll


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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec  2 22:11:23 2004
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I agree with you and the understanding below is correct, perhaps we
should provide an example encoding to demonstrate what is included? That
will make it easier for casual readers who might not understand the
rather obscure ASN.1 terminology.


-- Larry


-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Wyllys Ingersoll
Sent: Thursday, December 02, 2004 6:50 AM
To: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Last word on MechListMIC encoding


The latest draft  submitted (-02) specifically states how the
MechListMIC is to be encoded:
Section 5, item 'a' says:
        [...] only the DER encoding of the type MechTypeList is
included.

I interpret this to mean the following in the case where the MechList
contains the Kerberos OID (as an example):
       30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

This is acceptable to me (even though it breaks our current
implementation, which I seriously doubt that anyone is interoperating
with anyway since its not yet released).

Is everyone else in agreement about the definition of how to encode the
MIC  and with the text as it is written?

-Wyllys Ingersoll


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>>>>> "Frank" == Frank Balluffi <frank.balluffi@db.com> writes:

    Frank> Wyllys,

    Frank> Because draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02.txt says EXPLICIT:

    Frank>       SPNEGOASNOneSpec { iso(1) identified-organization(3)
    Frank> dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanism(5) snego (2)
    Frank> modules(4) spec2(2) } DEFINITIONS EXPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN

    Frank>       -- rest of definitions here

    Frank>       END

    Frank> I would expect a mechTypes element in a NegTokenInit to be
    Frank> prefixed with A0 nn -- mechTypes is EXPLICITly tagged with
    Frank> 0:

Note that we are talking about the MIC, not the field in the sequence.
Do you believe based on section 5 that your comment applies to the
MIC?

--Sam


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 Frank Balluffi wrote:
> I would expect a mechTypes element in a NegTokenInit to be prefixed
with A0

Incorrect, can you take a look at Tom's posting on the encoding?

Thanks,

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Frank Balluffi
Sent: Thursday, December 02, 2004 3:01 PM
To: Wyllys Ingersoll <wyllys.ingersoll
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Last word on MechListMIC encoding


Wyllys,

Because draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02.txt says EXPLICIT:

      SPNEGOASNOneSpec {
          iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
          security(5) mechanism(5) snego (2) modules(4) spec2(2)
      } DEFINITIONS EXPLICIT TAGS ::=3D BEGIN

      -- rest of definitions here

      END

I would expect a mechTypes element in a NegTokenInit to be prefixed with
A0 nn -- mechTypes is EXPLICITly tagged with 0:

       NegTokenInit ::=3D SEQUENCE {
           mechTypes       [0] MechTypeList,
           reqFlags        [1] ContextFlags  OPTIONAL,
           mechToken       [2] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
           mechListMIC     [3] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
           ...
       }

Frank



=20

                      Wyllys Ingersoll

                      <wyllys.ingersoll@        To:
kitten@ietf.org

                      sun.com>                  cc:

                      Sent by:                  Subject:  Last word on
MechListMIC encoding                                            =20
                      kitten-bounces@lis

                      ts.ietf.org

=20

=20

                      12/02/2004 09:50

                      AM

=20

=20






The latest draft  submitted (-02) specifically states how the
MechListMIC is to be encoded:
Section 5, item 'a' says:
        [...] only the DER encoding of the type MechTypeList is
included.

I interpret this to mean the following in the case where the MechList
contains the Kerberos OID (as an example):
       30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

This is acceptable to me (even though it breaks our current
implementation, which I seriously doubt that anyone is interoperating
with anyway since its not yet released).

Is everyone else in agreement about the definition of how to encode the
MIC  and with the text as it is written?

-Wyllys Ingersoll


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Kitten (GSS-API Next Generation) Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
	Author(s)	: L. Zhu, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02.txt
	Pages		: 25
	Date		: 2004-12-2
	
This document specifies a negotiation mechanism for the Generic
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 : Last word on MechListMIC encoding)
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Got it -- my bad. You might want to add something like the following to 5. a):

"excluding the outer [0] EXPLICIT tag and length"

Frank



                                                                                                                                       
                      "Liqiang\(Larry\)                                                                                                
                      Zhu"                     To:       Frank Balluffi/NewYork/DBNA/DeuBa@DBNA, "Wyllys Ingersoll <wyllys.ingersoll"  
                      <lzhu@windows.mic        cc:       <kitten@ietf.org>, "Tom Yu" <tlyu@mit.edu>                                    
                      rosoft.com>              Subject:  LAST CALL COMMENT: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02: section 4 (was : Last word   
                                                on MechListMIC encoding)                                                               
                      12/02/2004 10:51                                                                                                 
                      PM                                                                                                               
                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                                       





 Frank Balluffi wrote:
> I would expect a mechTypes element in a NegTokenInit to be prefixed
with A0

Incorrect, can you take a look at Tom's posting on the encoding?

Thanks,

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Frank Balluffi
Sent: Thursday, December 02, 2004 3:01 PM
To: Wyllys Ingersoll <wyllys.ingersoll
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: Last word on MechListMIC encoding


Wyllys,

Because draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02.txt says EXPLICIT:

      SPNEGOASNOneSpec {
          iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
          security(5) mechanism(5) snego (2) modules(4) spec2(2)
      } DEFINITIONS EXPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN

      -- rest of definitions here

      END

I would expect a mechTypes element in a NegTokenInit to be prefixed with
A0 nn -- mechTypes is EXPLICITly tagged with 0:

       NegTokenInit ::= SEQUENCE {
           mechTypes       [0] MechTypeList,
           reqFlags        [1] ContextFlags  OPTIONAL,
           mechToken       [2] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
           mechListMIC     [3] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
           ...
       }

Frank





                      Wyllys Ingersoll

                      <wyllys.ingersoll@        To:
kitten@ietf.org

                      sun.com>                  cc:

                      Sent by:                  Subject:  Last word on
MechListMIC encoding
                      kitten-bounces@lis

                      ts.ietf.org





                      12/02/2004 09:50

                      AM










The latest draft  submitted (-02) specifically states how the
MechListMIC is to be encoded:
Section 5, item 'a' says:
        [...] only the DER encoding of the type MechTypeList is
included.

I interpret this to mean the following in the case where the MechList
contains the Kerberos OID (as an example):
       30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

This is acceptable to me (even though it breaks our current
implementation, which I seriously doubt that anyone is interoperating
with anyway since its not yet released).

Is everyone else in agreement about the definition of how to encode the
MIC  and with the text as it is written?

-Wyllys Ingersoll


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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec  3 14:45:19 2004
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>>>>> "lzhu" == Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu <Liqiang> writes:

lzhu> I agree with you and the understanding below is correct, perhaps we
lzhu> should provide an example encoding to demonstrate what is included? That
lzhu> will make it easier for casual readers who might not understand the
lzhu> rather obscure ASN.1 terminology.

    5.  Processing of mechListMIC
[...]
       a) The mechlistMIC token (or simply the MIC token) is computed by
          invoking GSS_GetMIC(): the input context_handle is the established
          mechanism context, the input qop_req is 0, and the input message
          is the mechTypes field in the initial negotiation message (only
          the DER encoding of the type MechTypeList is included).

The above text still uses the term "mechTypes field" in an ambiguous
way, and relegates the important details to a parenthetical comment.
I reiterate my view that it is ambiguous to speak of the encoding of a
field; complete ASN.1 encodings are of _types_.

I would change the text to something like:

       a) The mechlistMIC token (or simply the MIC token) is computed by
          invoking GSS_GetMIC(): the input context_handle is the established
          mechanism context, the input qop_req is 0, and the input message
          is the DER encoding of the value of type MechTypeList which is
          contained in the "mechTypes" field of the NegTokenInit.  The input
          message is NOT the DER encoding of the type "[0] MechTypeList".
          (Previous versions of this document were ambiguous about which
          ASN.1 type was to be DER-encoded for the MIC.)

The wording could be cleaned up some more, but I thought it was
important to get this correction out quickly.

---Tom

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On Fri, Dec 03, 2004 at 12:55:06PM -0500, Tom Yu wrote:
> I would change the text to something like:
> 
>        a) The mechlistMIC token (or simply the MIC token) is computed by
>           invoking GSS_GetMIC(): the input context_handle is the established
>           mechanism context, the input qop_req is 0, and the input message
>           is the DER encoding of the value of type MechTypeList which is
>           contained in the "mechTypes" field of the NegTokenInit.  The input
>           message is NOT the DER encoding of the type "[0] MechTypeList".
>           (Previous versions of this document were ambiguous about which
>           ASN.1 type was to be DER-encoded for the MIC.)

I like that.

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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> On Fri, Dec 03, 2004 at 12:55:06PM -0500, Tom Yu wrote:
> 
>>I would change the text to something like:
>>
>>       a) The mechlistMIC token (or simply the MIC token) is computed by
>>          invoking GSS_GetMIC(): the input context_handle is the established
>>          mechanism context, the input qop_req is 0, and the input message
>>          is the DER encoding of the value of type MechTypeList which is
>>          contained in the "mechTypes" field of the NegTokenInit.  The input
>>          message is NOT the DER encoding of the type "[0] MechTypeList".
>>          (Previous versions of this document were ambiguous about which
>>          ASN.1 type was to be DER-encoded for the MIC.)

I agree, I also think this is a good change.

I was also going to write some text to try and illusrate this in an
example, does anyone think that is necessary or is this new text
good enough?

-Wyllys


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>>>>> "Wyllys" == Wyllys Ingersoll <wyllys.ingersoll@sun.com> writes:

    Wyllys> Nicolas Williams wrote:
    >> On Fri, Dec 03, 2004 at 12:55:06PM -0500, Tom Yu wrote:
    >>> I would change the text to something like:
    >>> 
    >>> a) The mechlistMIC token (or simply the MIC token) is computed
    >>> by invoking GSS_GetMIC(): the input context_handle is the
    >>> established mechanism context, the input qop_req is 0, and the
    >>> input message is the DER encoding of the value of type
    >>> MechTypeList which is contained in the "mechTypes" field of
    >>> the NegTokenInit.  The input message is NOT the DER encoding
    >>> of the type "[0] MechTypeList".  (Previous versions of this
    >>> document were ambiguous about which ASN.1 type was to be
    >>> DER-encoded for the MIC.)

    Wyllys> I agree, I also think this is a good change.

    Wyllys> I was also going to write some text to try and illusrate
    Wyllys> this in an example, does anyone think that is necessary or
    Wyllys> is this new text good enough?

Based on comments on this list and the confusion, I will insist on an
example during AD review.  It would be great if we already had text
for one.


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Sam Hartman wrote:
>     Wyllys> I agree, I also think this is a good change.
> 
>     Wyllys> I was also going to write some text to try and illusrate
>     Wyllys> this in an example, does anyone think that is necessary or
>     Wyllys> is this new text good enough?
> 
> Based on comments on this list and the confusion, I will insist on an
> example during AD review.  It would be great if we already had text
> for one.

OK, I'll write some up and submit it to the list early next week.

-Wyllys

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Attached is the latest draft of the minutes for the
IETF 61 Kitten Meeting.  I would like to thank Ken Hornstein
for acting as Jabber Scribe.

Please review.  If there are no additional comments,
I will submit these minutes as they are.

Thanks.

Jeffrey Altman



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 IETF 61: Kitten Working Group Summary
Monday, November 8, 2004
Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@secure-endpoints.com> [chair]

Presentations:=20
  http://web.mit.edu/jaltman/Public/Kitten/ietf61/ietf61-kitten.pdf

The chair announced the creation of the working group by the IESG; review=
ed=20
the charter and the group's initial milestones. (please see the presentat=
ion=20
slides for details).

Since the BOF at IETF 60 there has been significant progress
on:
 + describing the GSS Naming problem
 + solving the interoperability problems between protected SPNEGO=20
   and implementations which have been widely deployed
 + defining the requirements and interfaces for PRFs
 + C# bindings
 + producing a roadmap document



Nico Williams gave a presentation on Pseudo-random function API: Many=20
applications would like to obtain an encryption key from the GSSAPI conte=
xt. =20
Breaking the abstraction layer to obtain the negotiated key is dangerous.=
  To=20
solve the problem we are proposing the use of a new PRF seeded with inter=
nal=20
keying material. Calls to GSS_Pseudo_Random() will be deterministic.  Whe=
n=20
initialized with the same context and input it will produce the same outp=
ut.



Nico Williams gave a presentation on a Kerberos v5 GSS Mech PRF: We will=20
construct the Krb5 PRF based on the Kerberos v5 crypto framework PRF.  Fo=
r new=20
mechanisms we will always use the acceptor's subkey.  For 1964 mechs the=20
initiator subkey can be used. Key usage to be determined.



Nico Williams gave a presentation on Domain based Service Names for
GSS and the Krb5 Mechanism:

Domain based Service names are meant mitigate against attacks caused by t=
he=20
use of insecure DNS SRV to obtain the host/service pair for a given domai=
n.
The generic name syntax is:=20

  <service>@<domain>@<host>

an OID for GSS_C_NT_DOMAINBASED_SERVICE needs to be allocated. Since the =
I-Ds=20
were published the Krb5 name form was changed to=20

  <service>/<hostname>/<domain>@<REALM>

An open question is "how do we determine the realm of the domain?" We do =
not=20
want the realm to be that of the host.
 + Must fold edits in for:
   =96 Domain name not optional in 'query' name form
   =96 Switch order of krb5 princ name components
   - Add Security considerations
Both I-Ds will soon be ready for WG Last Call



Chair presented Corby Morris' presentation on C# Bindings:

# bindings will be very similar to the Java bindings except for some mino=
r=20
differences in the method declarations due to language requirements. =20
draft-morris-java-gssapi-update-for-csharp

Note: Java Security team will soon submit an update to RFC 2853 which wil=
l=20
correct differences between the rfc and the implemented org.ietf.jgss pac=
kage.



Larry Zhu gave a presentation on SPNEGO:

The goals for this work is to update 2478 to restore the 'P' in SPNEGO wh=
ile=20
maintaining backwards compatibility with the existing Windows SPNEGO=20
implementation.  Initial draft published: draft-zhu-spnego-2478bis-00 The=
=20
basis of the backwards compatibility is provided by a set of rules called=
:=20
Safe-To-Omit-MIC rules. =20

Significant issues:=20
 + Safe-to-omit MIC rules: what are they? and when can they be used?
 + should we protect reqFlags?
 + SHOULD or MAY use optimistic token?=20
 + How is the MIC token computed?
 + Do we need out -of-band negotiation with down-level clients and server=
s?

There was heavy discussion on the need for negotiation and the case for=20
maintaining compatibility with existing implementations even though they =
do=20
not implement the existing RFC.  Conclusions were that negotiation is=20
important and there is a need to provide protected negotiation while=20
maintaining interoperability if it can be done securely. The discussion o=
n the=20
use of the optimistic token did not produce an opinion on the use of SHOU=
LD vs=20
MAY.  There were strong feelings against supporting the use of mechanisms=
=20
which do not provide integrity protection.  No conclusion was reached on =
how=20
the MIC token is to be computed.  Is it over the OCTET-STREAM, with or wi=
thout=20
the OID.
 =20
=20

Sam Hartman gave a presentation on GSS Naming:

The immediate goal of this document has been to describe problems that we=
're=20
trying to solve to prevent scope creep. We want to support authentication=
 of=20
internal identities (uuids) and allow applications to work with parts of=20
composite names.  Applications should be able to query available credenti=
als=20
and presented names based on components and thereby find the most appropr=
iate=20
credential for a target. (Martin Rex points out that you can't do=20
authentication of internal identities portably today) We think it can be=20
portable, and Nico and I think at least we can do a lot better than we ca=
n do=20
today.  There are several levels of GSSAPI v2 compatibility we need to lo=
ok=20
at.
 + New mechanisms used by old applications (should they be visible? =20
   Or only do GSSAPI v2 features?)
 + File formats for ACLs containing names
Possible Solutions include name attributes, GSSAPI credential extensions,=
=20
client given ability to assert a name, a facility for enumerating the=20
credentials that we have, choose different credential depending on the pa=
rty=20
that they're talking to.

name attributes: names are composed of attributes. attributes are OID lab=
el=20
plus ??????
=20
client aserted names: allow clients to assert part of a name to be export=
ed.=20
tell implementation what part of the name that it gets. this would provid=
e=20
better compatibility with older applications

credential extensions: add labelled extensions to credentials similar in=20
functionality to name attirubutes, but requires more changes to contexts.

credential enumeration: Basically a "GSSAPI klist" facility to find=20
credentials that are available.

Consensus was reached that we will have a document describing the solutio=
n=20
space.


Chair lead discussion on whether or not implementation of Kerberos 5=20
mechanism support for PRF and Domain Names should take place in kitten
or krb-wg.

Close of Meeting.


DECISIONS (to be validated on the list):

 + Maintaining interoperability with existing deployed SPNEGO implementat=
ions
   is more important then the ability to add new features such as protect=
=20
   reqFlags

 + No consensus was reached on whether the use of an optimistic token in =
SPNEGO
   will be SHOULD or MAY.

 + There are strong feelings against the relaxing the MUST NOT applied to=
 the
   negotiation of mechanisms which do not support integrity protection

 + The GSS Naming document will describe the problem space and not just=20
   solutions

 + The Kerberos 5 mechanism documents will working group documents of Kit=
ten.
   We will work closely with the Kerberos WG to ensure proper review and =
we
   we last call in both.  This decision was made by flipping a coin.


ACTION ITEMS:

 + Larry Zhu will follow up on the outstanding issues with SPNEGO and rep=
ort
   to the list by Fri Nov 19

 + The chair will send a list of working group documents to the secretari=
at

 + Nico Williams will publish new I-Ds for PRF and Domain Names including=
=20
   results of recent on-list discussions

 + The Chair will contact Sun Java Security team to obtain a draft descri=
bing
   the incompatibilities between RFC and org.ietf.jgss

 + Sam Hartman will revise GSS Naming document and then hand it off to a =
new
   editor



MILESTONES:

Nov 04	  	First Meeting
Dec 04          Prepare SPNEGO for Last Call
Mar 05	  	Submit SPNEGO to the IESG as Proposed Standard
Mar 05	  	First drafts of either 'Clarifications to GSSAPIv2' as=20
                Informational OR submit 'Generic Security Service Applica=
tion=20
                Program Interface Version 2, Update 2' and 'Generic Secur=
ity=20
                Service API Version 2, Update 2 : C-bindings' to the IESG=
 as=20
                Proposed Standard  =20
Jul 05	  	Submit either 'Clarifications to GSSAPIv2' as Informational OR=20
                submit 'Generic Security Service Application Program Inte=
rface=20
                Version 2, Update 2' and 'Generic Security Service API Ve=
rsion=20
                2, Update 2 : C-bindings' to the IESG as Proposed Standar=
d  =20
Jul 05	  	Submit 'The Channel Conjunction Mechanism (CCM) for the=20
                GSSAPI' to the IESG as Proposed Standard=20
Jul 05	  	Submit 'The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism=20
                (Revised)' to the IESG as Proposed Standard=20
Nov 05	  	Submit 'GSSAPI Mechanisms without a Unique Canonical Name' to=20
                the IESG as Proposed Standard=20
Jul 06	  	Submit 'Generic Security Service Application Program Interface=20
                Version 3' to the IESG as Proposed Standard =20
Jul 06	  	Submit 'Generic Security Service API Version 3 : C-bindings'=20
                to the IESG as Proposed Standard=20
Jul 06	  	Submit 'Generic Security Service API Version 3 : Java and C#=20
                bindings' to the IESG as Proposed Standard=20
Nov 06	  	Charter Review





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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec  3 17:57:30 2004
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Wyllys Ingersoll wrote:

> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
>> On Fri, Dec 03, 2004 at 12:55:06PM -0500, Tom Yu wrote:
>>
>>> I would change the text to something like:
>>>
>>>       a) The mechlistMIC token (or simply the MIC token) is computed by
>>>          invoking GSS_GetMIC(): the input context_handle is the 
>>> established
>>>          mechanism context, the input qop_req is 0, and the input 
>>> message
>>>          is the DER encoding of the value of type MechTypeList which is
>>>          contained in the "mechTypes" field of the NegTokenInit.  The 
>>> input
>>>          message is NOT the DER encoding of the type "[0] MechTypeList".
>>>          (Previous versions of this document were ambiguous about which
>>>          ASN.1 type was to be DER-encoded for the MIC.)
> 
> 
> I agree, I also think this is a good change.
> 
> I was also going to write some text to try and illusrate this in an
> example, does anyone think that is necessary or is this new text
> good enough?
> 
> -Wyllys

Given the incompatibilities and confusion between 2478 and this protocol
revision, I believe an example is absolutely necessary.

I consider the addition of such an example an editorial change to the
document.

Jeffrey Altman




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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Kitten (GSS-API Next Generation) Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: A PRF API extension for the GSS-API
	Author(s)	: N. Williams
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-gssapi-prf-00.txt
	Pages		: 8
	Date		: 2004-12-3
	
This document defines a Pseudo-Random Function (PRF) extension to the
   Generic Security Service Applicatoin Programming Interface (GSS-API)
   for keying application protocols given an established GSS-API
   security context.  The primary intended use of this function is to
   key secure session layers that don't or cannot use GSS-API
   per-message MIC (message integrity check) and wrap tokens for session
   protection.

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	Title		: A PRF for the Kerberos V GSS-API Mechanism
	Author(s)	: N. Williams
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-krb5-gssapi-prf-00.txt
	Pages		: 6
	Date		: 2004-12-3
	
This document defines the Pseudo-Random Function (PRF) for the
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   Kerberos V cryptographic framework, for keying application protocols
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	Title		: GSS-API Domain-Based Service Names and Name Type
	Author(s)	: N. Williams
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-gssapi-domain-based-names-00.txt
	Pages		: 10
	Date		: 2004-12-3
	
This document describes domainname-based service principal names and
   the corresponding name type for the Generic Security Service
   Application Programming Interface (GSS-API).

   Domain-based service names are similar to host-based service names,
   but using a domain name (not necessarily and Internat domain name)
   instead of or in addition to a hostname.  The primary purpose of
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   services after the domain which they service, thereby allowing their
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	Title		: GSS-API Domain-Based Service Names Mapping for the
                          Kerberos V GSS Mechanism
	Author(s)	: N. Williams
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-krb5-gssapi-domain-based-names-00.txt
	Pages		: 7
	Date		: 2004-12-3
	
This document describes the mapping of GSS-API domainname-based
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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec  6 13:02:04 2004
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From: Wyllys Ingersoll <wyllys.ingersoll@sun.com>
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Subject: MechListMIC example text
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I'm proposing the following text as an example of how the MechListMIC
is computed.  I tried to keep it simple and just focus on the computation
of the MIC (as opposed to talking about the SOMIC rules and how
they would or would not appy).

-Wyllys

=====
A.3  MechListMIC Computation Example

    The following is an example to illustrate how the MechListMIC field
    would be computed.

    The initiator sent the following mechanisms (in order of preference):
    NTLMSSP (1.3.6.1.4.1.311.2.2.10) and Kerberos V5
    (1.2.840.113554.1.2.2).

        mechTypes:      a0 15 30 13 0A 2B 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0A
                        09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02
        ReqFlags:       ...
        mechToken:      ...
        mechTokenMIC:   (not included in initial token)

    If a mechlistMIC needs to be generated (according to the rules in
    section 5), it is computed by using the DER encoding of the type
    MechTypeList field from the initiator's NegTokenInit token as input
    to the gss_GetMIC function.  In this case, the MIC would be computed
    over the following bytes:

        30 13 0A 2B 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0A
        09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02

    Note that the identifier octet and length octet for constructed [0]
    (A0 15) are not included in the MIC computation.  The output token
    from gss_GetMIC would then be used as the mechTokenMIC field in
    subsequent token exchanges.

=====

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec  6 13:21:57 2004
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From: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
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To: wyllys.ingersoll@sun.com (Wyllys Ingersoll)
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In-Reply-To: <41B49B24.9060802@sun.com> from "Wyllys Ingersoll" at Dec 6,
	4 12:47:16 pm
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Subject: Re: MechListMIC example text
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I'm confused.

Is there really a difference between what goes into signature
and what goes onto the wire?

As I wrote in my Email to the list on Nov 23th, the mech list in
a Microsoft SPNEGO token looks like this:

:
: I was a little confused by your description (of OIDs and descriptions of
: those OIDs) therefore I rechecked quickly.  Here's what I get inside
: an initial context token when requesting the "Negotiate" SSP on W2K3 IA64:
: 
: a0 24 30 22
:   06 09 2a 86 48 82 f7 12 01 02 02     unknown OID (MS Kerberos bug?)
:   06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 12 01 02 02     Kerberos rfc-1964 gssapi
:   06 0a 2b 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0a  Microsoft non-IETF NTLM SSP mechanism


Your proposed example is:
>         30 13 0A 2B 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0A
>         09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02

I think that your length field is incorrect, but also that the OID tags
should be there.  I would have expected:
          30 17 06 0A 2B 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0A
          06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02

-Martin

Wyllys Ingersoll wrote:
> 
> 
> I'm proposing the following text as an example of how the MechListMIC
> is computed.  I tried to keep it simple and just focus on the computation
> of the MIC (as opposed to talking about the SOMIC rules and how
> they would or would not appy).
> 
> -Wyllys
> 
> =====
> A.3  MechListMIC Computation Example
> 
>     The following is an example to illustrate how the MechListMIC field
>     would be computed.
> 
>     The initiator sent the following mechanisms (in order of preference):
>     NTLMSSP (1.3.6.1.4.1.311.2.2.10) and Kerberos V5
>     (1.2.840.113554.1.2.2).
> 
>         mechTypes:      a0 15 30 13 0A 2B 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0A
>                         09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02
>         ReqFlags:       ...
>         mechToken:      ...
>         mechTokenMIC:   (not included in initial token)
> 
>     If a mechlistMIC needs to be generated (according to the rules in
>     section 5), it is computed by using the DER encoding of the type
>     MechTypeList field from the initiator's NegTokenInit token as input
>     to the gss_GetMIC function.  In this case, the MIC would be computed
>     over the following bytes:
> 
>         30 13 0A 2B 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0A
>         09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02
> 
>     Note that the identifier octet and length octet for constructed [0]
>     (A0 15) are not included in the MIC computation.  The output token
>     from gss_GetMIC would then be used as the mechTokenMIC field in
>     subsequent token exchanges.
> 
> =====
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Kitten mailing list
> Kitten@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten
> 


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Martin Rex wrote:
> I'm confused.

> Your proposed example is:
> 
>>        30 13 0A 2B 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0A
>>        09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02
> 
> 
> I think that your length field is incorrect, but also that the OID tags
> should be there.  I would have expected:
>           30 17 06 0A 2B 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0A
>           06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02

You are correct, I forgot the OID tag (0x06) in my example.
I will fix it and resend the text after I get more comments.

thanks,
    Wyllys

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On Monday, December 06, 2004 19:16:25 +0100 Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> 
wrote:

> I'm confused.
>
> Is there really a difference between what goes into signature
> and what goes onto the wire?
>
> As I wrote in my Email to the list on Nov 23th, the mech list in
> a Microsoft SPNEGO token looks like this:
>
> :
> : I was a little confused by your description (of OIDs and descriptions of
> : those OIDs) therefore I rechecked quickly.  Here's what I get inside
> : an initial context token when requesting the "Negotiate" SSP on W2K3
> IA64: :
> : a0 24 30 22
> :   06 09 2a 86 48 82 f7 12 01 02 02     unknown OID (MS Kerberos bug?)
> :   06 09 2a 86 48 86 f7 12 01 02 02     Kerberos rfc-1964 gssapi
> :   06 0a 2b 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0a  Microsoft non-IETF NTLM SSP
> mechanism
>
>
> Your proposed example is:
>>         30 13 0A 2B 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0A
>>         09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02
>
> I think that your length field is incorrect, but also that the OID tags
> should be there.  I would have expected:
>           30 17 06 0A 2B 06 01 04 01 82 37 02 02 0A
>           06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02

I think you're right here.  Wyllys's example is missing the type-and-flags 
octet on both OID's, and undercounts the total length by a total of two.

-- Jeff

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I've updated the text for the MIC computation example based
on comments received.   I reused some text from Tom Yu's
email from a couple of weeks ago to try and clarify how
each part is put together.

-Wyllys Ingersoll

=====
A.3  MechListMIC Computation Example
    The following is an example to illustrate how the MechListMIC field
    would be computed.

    The NegTokenInit sequence is constructed as follows:

       30 -- identifier octet for constructed SEQUENCE (NegTokenInit)
       nn -- length

       -- contents of SEQUENCE are:
       A0 -- identifier octet for constructed [0]
       nn -- length

       -- contents of the constructed [0] are:
       30 -- identifier octet for constructed SEQUENCE
       nn -- length

       -- contents of the SEQUENCE are:
       06 -- identifier octet for primitive OBJECT IDENTIFIER
       09 -- length
       2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 -- Kerberos V5 { 1 2 840 113554 1 2 2 }

    If a mechlistMIC needs to be generated (according to the rules in
    section 5), it is computed by using the DER encoding of the type
    MechTypeList field from the initiator's NegTokenInit token as input
    to the gss_GetMIC function.  In this case, the MIC would be computed
    over the following bytes:

       Contents of constructed [0] + contents of SEQUENCE:
       30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

    Note that the identifier octet and length octet for constructed [0]
    (A0 nn) are not included in the MIC computation, just the contents.
    The output token from gss_GetMIC would then be used as the
    mechTokenMIC field in subsequent token exchanges.

======


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Why does this example focus on the NegTokenInit instead of on the
MecListMIC?


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Sam Hartman wrote:
> Why does this example focus on the NegTokenInit instead of on the
> MecListMIC?

The focus is supposed to be on the MechListMIC, but I felt that
it was more helpful to show the context surrounding the MechList
in order to clearly illustrate the bytes that the MIC would (and would
not) include.

Does anyone find the example helpful or does it just add more
confusion?

-Wyllys

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>>>>> "Wyllys" == Wyllys Ingersoll <wyllys.ingersoll@sun.com> writes:

    Wyllys> Sam Hartman wrote:
    >> Why does this example focus on the NegTokenInit instead of on
    >> the MecListMIC?

    Wyllys> The focus is supposed to be on the MechListMIC, but I felt
    Wyllys> that it was more helpful to show the context surrounding
    Wyllys> the MechList in order to clearly illustrate the bytes that
    Wyllys> the MIC would (and would not) include.

O, I see.  Concern withdrawn; I see both why I would find it confusing
and why I suspect most readers would not.

--Sam


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>A.3  MechListMIC Computation Example
>    The following is an example to illustrate how the MechListMIC field
>    would be computed.
>
>    The NegTokenInit sequence is constructed as follows:

Just so we're clear that this is an example, perhaps you could add
something like:

In this example, the mechTypes field contains a single OID,
{ 1 2 840 113554 1 2 2 }. The NegTokenInit sequence is constructed
as follows:

>    If a mechlistMIC needs to be generated (according to the rules in
>    section 5), it is computed by using the DER encoding of the type
>    MechTypeList field from the initiator's NegTokenInit token as input
>    to the gss_GetMIC function.  In this case, the MIC would be computed
>    over the following bytes:
>
>       Contents of constructed [0] + contents of SEQUENCE:
>       30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

Something like "Contents of field mechTypes" would make more sense to me
given that the [0] type and length octets are not included. But perhaps 
this is just me.

-- Luke

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>>>>> "Wyllys" == Wyllys Ingersoll <wyllys.ingersoll@sun.com> writes:

Wyllys> A.3  MechListMIC Computation Example
Wyllys>     The following is an example to illustrate how the MechListMIC field
Wyllys>     would be computed.

Wyllys>     The NegTokenInit sequence is constructed as follows:

I would replace the above with

            The initial part of the DER encoding of NegTokenInit is
            constructed as follows (the "nn" are length encodings,
            possibly longer than one octet):

Wyllys>        30 -- identifier octet for constructed SEQUENCE (NegTokenInit)
Wyllys>        nn -- length

Wyllys>        -- contents of SEQUENCE are:

replace above with

               -- contents octets of the SEQUENCE begin with
               -- DER encoding of "[0] MechTypeList":

Wyllys>        A0 -- identifier octet for constructed [0]
Wyllys>        nn -- length

Wyllys>        -- contents of the constructed [0] are:

replace above with

               -- contents of constructed [0] are
               -- DER encoding of MechTypeList (which is a SEQUENCE):

Wyllys>        30 -- identifier octet for constructed SEQUENCE
Wyllys>        nn -- length

Wyllys>        -- contents of the SEQUENCE are:

replace above with

               -- contents octets of the SEQUENCE begin with
               -- DER encoding of OBJECT IDENTIFIER:

Wyllys>        06 -- identifier octet for primitive OBJECT IDENTIFIER
Wyllys>        09 -- length
Wyllys>        2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 -- Kerberos V5 { 1 2 840 113554 1 2 2 }

Wyllys>     If a mechlistMIC needs to be generated (according to the rules in
Wyllys>     section 5), it is computed by using the DER encoding of the type
Wyllys>     MechTypeList field from the initiator's NegTokenInit token as input
Wyllys>     to the gss_GetMIC function.  In this case, the MIC would be computed
Wyllys>     over the following bytes:

Wyllys>        Contents of constructed [0] + contents of SEQUENCE:

I really don't like the "contents of ..." phrasing, and would replace
the above with:

               DER encoding of MechTypeList:

Wyllys>        30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

Wyllys>     Note that the identifier octet and length octet for constructed [0]
Wyllys>     (A0 nn) are not included in the MIC computation, just the contents.

I would replace the above text with:

            Note that the identifier octet and lengh octet(s) for
            constructed [0] (A0 nn) are not included in the MIC
            computation.  The MIC is computed over the encoding of the
            MechTypeList which is enclosed in the constructed [0]
            encoding.

Wyllys>     The output token from gss_GetMIC would then be used as the
Wyllys>     mechTokenMIC field in subsequent token exchanges.

Hopefully that helps to make things a bit more clear.  Is there any
particular reason that there is not indentation of the different
levels of encodings?

---Tom

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Here is an update with Tom's (and others) comments
taken into consideration:

====
A.3  MechListMIC Computation Example

    The following is an example to illustrate how the MechListMIC field
    would be computed.

    The initial part of the DER encoding of NegTokenInit is constructed
    as follows (the "nn" are length encodings, possibly longer than one
    octet):

       30 -- identifier octet for constructed SEQUENCE (NegTokenInit)
       nn -- length

          -- contents octets of the SEQUENCE begin with
          -- DER encoding of "[0] MechTypeList":
          A0 -- identifier octet for constructed [0]
          nn -- length

              -- contents of the constructed [0] are DER encoding
              -- of MechTypeList (which is a SEQUENCE):
              30 -- identifier octet for constructed SEQUENCE
              nn -- length

                 -- contents octets of the SEQUENCE begin with
                 -- DER encoding of OBJECT IDENTIFIER:
                 06 -- identifier octet for primitive OBJECT IDENTIFIER
                 09 -- length
                 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 -- Kerberos V5
                                            -- {1 2 840 113554 1 2 2}

    If a mechlistMIC needs to be generated (according to the rules in
    section 5), it is computed by using the DER encoding of the type
    MechTypeList data from the initiator's NegTokenInit token as input to
    the gss_GetMIC function.  In this case, the MIC would be computed
    over the following bytes:

       DER encoding of MechTypeList:
       30 nn 06 09 2A 86 48 86 F7 12 01 02 02 ...

    Note that the identifier octet and lengh octet(s) for constructed [0]
    (A0 nn) are not included in the MIC computation.  The MIC is computed
    over the encoding of the MechTypeList which is enclosed in the
    constructed [0] encoding.  The output token from gss_GetMIC would
    then be used as the mechTokenMIC field in subsequent token exchanges.
====

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1) The spec must require that gss_pseudo_random with the same input
   will produce the same output within one context.  I.E. if I call
   the function multiple times with the same input I get the same result.

2) The spec must require that the probability that I get the same
   output given the same input with different contexts is exponentially small

3) The requirement that the function be called at most once per
   context needs to be dropped.

4) A reference to a definition of PRFs needs to be added.

5) The section titled "normative" should either become a subsection of a section titled "References" or should be retitled "Normative References"

--Sam

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Date: Fri, 10 Dec 2004 06:17:40 -0500
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I think all the Kerberos enctypes support at least 2**32 blocks,
although admittedly that's getting dangerous for DES.

I'd propose a four-byte length rather than a two-byte length.

I think the call to random-to-key and k-truncate are misplaced.
random-to-key is just wrong in the context of a PRF; you want random
strings not keys out.

You do need to truncate the output, but I don't think k-truncate is
all that well understood in this context.

I'd recommend explicitly saying that we truncate to the output length.

The text is not clear on which key is used.  Keep in mind that CFX
involves subkeys and the keying for RFC 1964 is kind of complicated.
You need to cover both cases.

I think that the security considerations text should explicitly call
out concerns with DES.


--Sam

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Dec 12 20:57:05 2004
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Between a time a document is submitted for publication and the time
the IETF last call is issued, the AD responsible for the document
reviews the specification and provides the AD's comments.  The authors
of this specification are interested in seeing it move relatively
quickly and I had some extra time so I've pushed up my review of the
document to happen during the WG last call.


The following issues must be addressed before the IETF last call can
be issued.  As always, the chair judges consensus on how the working
group wants to respond to the issue.  Responses can include accepting
proposed changes or a response arguing that the comment should be
dropped for some reason.


abstract: Suggested new text: If the available security mechanisms
provide for integrity protection, then the negotiation is protected
against an attacker forcing the selection of a mechanism not desired
by the peers.  This mechanism replaces RFC 2478 in order to fix
defects in that specification and to describe how to interoperate with
actual implementations of that specification.

section 1:
old:
   If per-message integrity services are available on the established
   mechanism security context, then the peers can exchange MIC tokens to
   ensure that the mechanism list was not tampered with.  This MIC token
   exchange is OPTIONAL if the selected mechanism is the most preferred
   choice of both peers (see Section 5).

new :
   If per-message integrity services are available on the established
   mechanism security context, then the negotiation is protected to
ensure that the mechanism list has not been modified.  In cases where
an attacker could have materially influenced the negotiation, peers
exchange message integrity code (MIC) tokens to confirm the mechanism
list has not been modified.  If no action of an attacker could have
materially modified the outcome of the negotiation, the exchange of
MIC tokens is optional.  Allowing MIC tokens to be optional in this
case provides interoperability with existing implementations while
still protecting the negotiation.  This interoperability comes at the
cost of increased complexity. 

(Perhaps we still want a reference to section 5)

The document claims that using the optimistic token you can avoid
additional round-trips.  I'm not sure this is true in the fullness of
time if people start using feature oids per the extensibility section.

    SPNEGO relies the concepts developed in the GSS-API specification
s/relies/relies on/


Section 3:

The text seems to imply that the SPNEGO implementation uses another
mechanism's credentials.  This is only sort of true and I'm concerned
the current text could confuse readers.  It seems fairly clear from
RFC 2743 that SPNEGO has its own credentials.  These credentials may
(and almost certainly are) be composed of credentials for other
mechanisms.  However the set of mechanisms in the gss credentials
exposed to the application does not influence what mechanisms SPNEGO
can negotiate.    Do others think the text in section 3 is confusing
on this issue?


    Lastly, MIC tokens MAY be exchanged to ensure the authenticity of the
    mechanism list received by the target.
s/MAY/may/
That's a non-normative  may.  If it is MAY, then it means
that implementations optionally can exchange these tokens.  Whether
that's true depends on rules in section 5.

    the prot_ready_state [RFC2743] will be false even if the underlying
    mechanism would return true natively.
s/will/MUST/

       (III) Otherwise, GSS_Accept_sec_conext() indicates GSS_S_COMPLETE
Fix typo


Section 4:

A publication request for this document should be accompanied by a
true assertion that the ASN.1 module has been validated.  Please
include the name of the person doing the validation and the tool used.


    In this negotiation model, each OID represents one GSS-API mechanism
    or one variant (see Section 6) of it according to [RFC2743].
I see nothing in section 6 that speaks to variants.

	  This field is REQUIRED in the first reply from the target, and
	  it is OPTIONAL thereafter.

What happens if it is absent?


Section 5:


    It is assumed that per-message integrity services are available on
    the established mechanism context in the following procedure for
    processing MIC tokens of the initiator's mechanism list.
This text is redundant.

       Acceptors that wish to be compatible with legacy Windows SPNEGO
       implementations as described in Appendix B shall not generate a
       mechlistMIC token when the MIC token exchange is not required.
I'd rather not have a 2119 SHALL subordinate to a "wish to" clause
suggest s/SHALL/should/
    c) In the case that the chosen mechanism uses an odd number of
       mechanism tokens (namely the initiator sends the last mechanism
       token), the initiator does the following when emitting the
       negotiation message containing the last mechanism token: if the
       negResult state was request_mic in the first reply from the

Isn't the mechlistmic also required if a mechanism other than the
initiator's first choice chosen?


Same comment about SHALL as above.


Section 10:

RFC 2478 cannot be a normative reference if this spec replaces it.


_______________________________________________
Kitten mailing list
Kitten@lists.ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten


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To: "Sam Hartman" <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>, <kitten@ietf.org>
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Sam wrote:
=20
> abstract: Suggested new text: If the available security mechanisms
provide for integrity protection, then the negotiation > is protected
against an attacker forcing the selection of a mechanism not desired by
the peers.  This mechanism replaces > RFC 2478 in order to fix defects
in that specification and to describe how to interoperate with actual
implementations of > that specification.

This looks good, but I adjusted it slightly to exclude security contexts
that do not support integrity protection.

   If per-message integrity services are available on the established
   mechanism context, then the negotiation is protected against an
   attacker forcing the selection of a mechanism not desired by the
   peers.

   This mechanism replaces RFC 2478 in order to fix defects in that
   specification and to describe how to interoperate with actual
   implementations of that specification.


> section 1:
> old:
>    If per-message integrity services are available on the established
>   mechanism security context, then the peers can exchange MIC tokens
to
>   ensure that the mechanism list was not tampered with.  This MIC
token
>   exchange is OPTIONAL if the selected mechanism is the most preferred
>   choice of both peers (see Section 5).

> new :
>   If per-message integrity services are available on the established
>   mechanism security context, then the negotiation is protected to
ensure that the mechanism list has not been modified.  > In cases where
an attacker could have materially influenced the negotiation, peers
exchange message integrity code (MIC) > tokens to confirm the mechanism
list has not been modified.  If no action of an attacker could have
materially modified=20
> the outcome of the negotiation, the exchange of MIC tokens is
optional.  Allowing MIC tokens to be optional in this case=20
> provides interoperability with existing implementations while still
protecting the negotiation.  This interoperability >
> comes at the cost of increased complexity.=20


> (Perhaps we still want a reference to section 5)

Agreed. It is now in -03 with a reference to section 5.

> The document claims that using the optimistic token you can avoid
additional round-trips.  I'm not sure this is true in >
> the fullness of time if people start using feature oids per the
extensibility section.

It is not needed here and it is removed now.


>    SPNEGO relies the concepts developed in the GSS-API specification
s/relies/relies on/

Fixed

> The text seems to imply that the SPNEGO implementation uses another
mechanism's credentials.  This is only sort of true=20
> and I'm concerned the current text could confuse readers.  It seems
fairly clear from RFC 2743 that SPNEGO has its own=20
> credentials.  These credentials may (and almost certainly are) be
composed of credentials for other mechanisms.  However=20
> the set of mechanisms in the gss credentials exposed to the
application does not influence what mechanisms SPNEGO

> can negotiate.    Do others think the text in section 3 is confusing

> on this issue?

It was meant to emphasize that the list should not contains mechanisms
that the initiator does not have credentials for.

New text

   The first negotiation token sent by the initiator contains an ordered
   list of mechanisms (in decreasing preference order, favorite
   mechanism first), and optionally the initial mechanism token for the
   preferred mechanism of the initiator (i.e., the first in the list).
   (Note that the list MUST NOT contain mechanisms for which the client
   does not have appropriate credentials.)

Is this a bit clearer?


>    Lastly, MIC tokens MAY be exchanged to ensure the authenticity of
the
>    mechanism list received by the target.
> s/MAY/may/

Fixed



>    the prot_ready_state [RFC2743] will be false even if the underlying
>    mechanism would return true natively.
> s/will/MUST/

Fixed



> A publication request for this document should be accompanied by a
true assertion that the ASN.1 module has been=20
> validated.  Please include the name of the person doing the validation
and the tool used.

Larry Zhu, Microsoft ASN.1 Compiler V1.0.

I will also ask Luke to post which tool he used.

>    In this negotiation model, each OID represents one GSS-API
mechanism
>    or one variant (see Section 6) of it according to [RFC2743].
> I see nothing in section 6 that speaks to variants.

Fixed

>	  This field is REQUIRED in the first reply from the target, and
>	  it is OPTIONAL thereafter.

> What happens if it is absent?

Fixed. GSS_Init_sec_context() should indicate GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN.


>    It is assumed that per-message integrity services are available on
>    the established mechanism context in the following procedure for
>    processing MIC tokens of the initiator's mechanism list.
> This text is redundant.

Agreed.

>       Acceptors that wish to be compatible with legacy Windows SPNEGO
>       implementations as described in Appendix B shall not generate a
>       mechlistMIC token when the MIC token exchange is not required.
> I'd rather not have a 2119 SHALL subordinate to a "wish to" clause
suggest s/SHALL/should/

Fixed


>    c) In the case that the chosen mechanism uses an odd number of
>       mechanism tokens (namely the initiator sends the last mechanism
>       token), the initiator does the following when emitting the
>       negotiation message containing the last mechanism token: if the
>       negResult state was request_mic in the first reply from the

> Isn't the mechlistmic also required if a mechanism other than the
initiator's first choice chosen?

Yes, but the acceptor must send reqest_mic in that case too


> Same comment about SHALL as above.

Fixed



> Section 10:

> RFC 2478 cannot be a normative reference if this spec replaces it.

Moved to informative references.


For your convenience, I also attached the full version that should
contain all these changes.

Thanks,

-- Larry


-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Sam Hartman
Sent: Sunday, December 12, 2004 5:39 PM
To: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: AD review: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02


Between a time a document is submitted for publication and the time the
IETF last call is issued, the AD responsible for the document reviews
the specification and provides the AD's comments.  The authors of this
specification are interested in seeing it move relatively quickly and I
had some extra time so I've pushed up my review of the document to
happen during the WG last call.


The following issues must be addressed before the IETF last call can be
issued.  As always, the chair judges consensus on how the working group
wants to respond to the issue.  Responses can include accepting proposed
changes or a response arguing that the comment should be dropped for
some reason.


abstract: Suggested new text: If the available security mechanisms
provide for integrity protection, then the negotiation is protected
against an attacker forcing the selection of a mechanism not desired by
the peers.  This mechanism replaces RFC 2478 in order to fix defects in
that specification and to describe how to interoperate with actual
implementations of that specification.

section 1:
old:
   If per-message integrity services are available on the established
   mechanism security context, then the peers can exchange MIC tokens to
   ensure that the mechanism list was not tampered with.  This MIC token
   exchange is OPTIONAL if the selected mechanism is the most preferred
   choice of both peers (see Section 5).

new :
   If per-message integrity services are available on the established
   mechanism security context, then the negotiation is protected to
ensure that the mechanism list has not been modified.  In cases where an
attacker could have materially influenced the negotiation, peers
exchange message integrity code (MIC) tokens to confirm the mechanism
list has not been modified.  If no action of an attacker could have
materially modified the outcome of the negotiation, the exchange of MIC
tokens is optional.  Allowing MIC tokens to be optional in this case
provides interoperability with existing implementations while still
protecting the negotiation.  This interoperability comes at the cost of
increased complexity.=20

(Perhaps we still want a reference to section 5)

The document claims that using the optimistic token you can avoid
additional round-trips.  I'm not sure this is true in the fullness of
time if people start using feature oids per the extensibility section.

    SPNEGO relies the concepts developed in the GSS-API specification
s/relies/relies on/


Section 3:

The text seems to imply that the SPNEGO implementation uses another
mechanism's credentials.  This is only sort of true and I'm concerned
the current text could confuse readers.  It seems fairly clear from RFC
2743 that SPNEGO has its own credentials.  These credentials may (and
almost certainly are) be composed of credentials for other mechanisms.
However the set of mechanisms in the gss credentials exposed to the
application does not influence what mechanisms SPNEGO
can negotiate.    Do others think the text in section 3 is confusing
on this issue?


    Lastly, MIC tokens MAY be exchanged to ensure the authenticity of
the
    mechanism list received by the target.
s/MAY/may/
That's a non-normative  may.  If it is MAY, then it means that
implementations optionally can exchange these tokens.  Whether that's
true depends on rules in section 5.

    the prot_ready_state [RFC2743] will be false even if the underlying
    mechanism would return true natively.
s/will/MUST/

       (III) Otherwise, GSS_Accept_sec_conext() indicates GSS_S_COMPLETE
Fix typo


Section 4:

A publication request for this document should be accompanied by a true
assertion that the ASN.1 module has been validated.  Please include the
name of the person doing the validation and the tool used.


    In this negotiation model, each OID represents one GSS-API mechanism
    or one variant (see Section 6) of it according to [RFC2743].
I see nothing in section 6 that speaks to variants.

	  This field is REQUIRED in the first reply from the target, and
	  it is OPTIONAL thereafter.

What happens if it is absent?


Section 5:


    It is assumed that per-message integrity services are available on
    the established mechanism context in the following procedure for
    processing MIC tokens of the initiator's mechanism list.
This text is redundant.

       Acceptors that wish to be compatible with legacy Windows SPNEGO
       implementations as described in Appendix B shall not generate a
       mechlistMIC token when the MIC token exchange is not required.
I'd rather not have a 2119 SHALL subordinate to a "wish to" clause
suggest s/SHALL/should/
    c) In the case that the chosen mechanism uses an odd number of
       mechanism tokens (namely the initiator sends the last mechanism
       token), the initiator does the following when emitting the
       negotiation message containing the last mechanism token: if the
       negResult state was request_mic in the first reply from the

Isn't the mechlistmic also required if a mechanism other than the
initiator's first choice chosen?


Same comment about SHALL as above.


Section 10:

RFC 2478 cannot be a normative reference if this spec replaces it.


_______________________________________________
Kitten mailing list
Kitten@lists.ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 13 05:05:54 2004
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>> A publication request for this document should be accompanied by a
>true assertion that the ASN.1 module has been 
>> validated.  Please include the name of the person doing the validation
>and the tool used.
>
>Larry Zhu, Microsoft ASN.1 Compiler V1.0.
>
>I will also ask Luke to post which tool he used.

We used the Heimdal ASN.1 compiler. Note that it doesn't support
CHOICE so it is hand-marshalled.

-- Luke
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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 13 09:13:47 2004
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>>>>> "Larry" == Liqiang(Larry) Zhu <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com> writes:
    Larry> It was meant to emphasize that the list should not contains
    Larry> mechanisms that the initiator does not have credentials
    Larry> for.

    Larry> New text

    Larry>    The first negotiation token sent by the initiator
    Larry> contains an ordered list of mechanisms (in decreasing
    Larry> preference order, favorite mechanism first), and optionally
    Larry> the initial mechanism token for the preferred mechanism of
    Larry> the initiator (i.e., the first in the list).  (Note that
    Larry> the list MUST NOT contain mechanisms for which the client
    Larry> does not have appropriate credentials.)

I believe this is more clear but I believe it is wrong.  Let's say I
get credentials for SPNEGO and then add credentials for Kerberos to my
credentials.  If I then try and initiate a context, and the set of
mechanisms SPNEGO negotiates includes SPKM by default, it is
reasonable for me to end up with a SPKM context.  The actual SPKM
credentials used come from inside the SPNEGO credentials.


    Larry> Is this a bit clearer?

    >> What happens if it is absent?

    Larry> Fixed. GSS_Init_sec_context() should indicate
    Larry> GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN.

I actually meant what value is assumed if it is absent in the second
and following messages?


    >> Isn't the mechlistmic also required if a mechanism other than
    >> the
>> initiator's first choice chosen?

    Larry> Yes, but the acceptor must send reqest_mic in that case too

Sure, but my point is that an client must require the MIC even if it
is talking to an incorrect implementation (read attacker) that does
not send request_mic when required.




Thanks much for the quick response.

--Sam

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On Fri, Dec 10, 2004 at 05:54:50AM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
> 
> 
> 1) The spec must require that gss_pseudo_random with the same input
>    will produce the same output within one context.  I.E. if I call
>    the function multiple times with the same input I get the same result.

I.e., there should be a "MUST" in the text, correct?  Will do.

> 2) The spec must require that the probability that I get the same
>    output given the same input with different contexts is exponentially small

Or as best the mechanism designers can get to that.  Will do.

Out of curiosity, where does this leave the krb5 des-cbc-crc enctype? :)

> 3) The requirement that the function be called at most once per
>    context needs to be dropped.

It was a recommendation, not requirement.  In that light, should it
still be dropped?

> 4) A reference to a definition of PRFs needs to be added.

Recommendations?

> 5) The section titled "normative" should either become a subsection of a section titled "References" or should be retitled "Normative References"

Will do.

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Date: Mon, 13 Dec 2004 12:25:45 -0600
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
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On Fri, Dec 10, 2004 at 06:17:40AM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> I think all the Kerberos enctypes support at least 2**32 blocks,
> although admittedly that's getting dangerous for DES.
> 
> I'd propose a four-byte length rather than a two-byte length.

Ok.  There should, though, be a minimum output length that
implementations must support -- 2^16 octets seems like reasonable such
minimum, though perhaps a bit long.

> I think the call to random-to-key and k-truncate are misplaced.
> random-to-key is just wrong in the context of a PRF; you want random
> strings not keys out.
> 
> You do need to truncate the output, but I don't think k-truncate is
> all that well understood in this context.

Woops, that is an editing mistake -- yes, that's no PRF+.  An editing
error, I think, from the earlier version that didn't have a PRF+.

The new PRF+:

k5-gss-prf+(K, S, L) = truncate(L, T1 || T2 || .. || Tn)

where Tn = pseudo-random-function(K, n || S)

and where pseudo-random-function() is the function defined in
draft-ietf-krb-wg-crypto.

> I'd recommend explicitly saying that we truncate to the output length.

See above.

> The text is not clear on which key is used.  Keep in mind that CFX
> involves subkeys and the keying for RFC 1964 is kind of complicated.
> You need to cover both cases.

This gets at an issue brought up by Love: should there be a
GSS_C_PRF_READY?  Should PROT_READY apply to the PRF?

It's easier if we answer no, and no.

> I think that the security considerations text should explicitly call
> out concerns with DES.

Will do.

Nico
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On Monday, December 13, 2004 12:25:45 -0600 Nicolas Williams 
<Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

>> The text is not clear on which key is used.  Keep in mind that CFX
>> involves subkeys and the keying for RFC 1964 is kind of complicated.
>> You need to cover both cases.
>
> This gets at an issue brought up by Love: should there be a
> GSS_C_PRF_READY?  Should PROT_READY apply to the PRF?
>
> It's easier if we answer no, and no.

I think PROT_READY is something of a kludge, and will not be particularly 
sad if things stop supporting it.  In that vein, I don't think we need a 
GSS_C_PRF_READY.

As for the second question, I don't think it matters.  I'm having trouble 
imagining a mech which could report PROT_READY and not also be ready to run 
the PRF.

-- Jeff

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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
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I chatted with Sam over the phone and he agreed to withdraw two of
objections below, and for the remaining one I added a note in 5 c).



   c) In the case that the chosen mechanism exchanges an odd number of
      mechanism tokens (i.e., the initiator sends the last mechanism
      token), the initiator does the following when emitting the
      negotiation message containing the last mechanism token: if the
      negState was request_mic in the first reply from the target, a
      mechlistMIC token MUST be included, otherwise the mechlistMIC
      token is OPTIONAL.  (Note that the MIC token exchange is required
      if a mechanism other than the initiator's first choice is chosen.)
      In the case that the optimistic mechanism token is the only
      mechanism token for the initiator's preferred mechanism, the
      mechlistMIC token is OPTIONAL.  Whether or not the mechlistMIC
      token is included, GSS_Init_sec_context() indicates
      GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED.  Initiators that wish to be compatible with
      legacy Windows SPNEGO implementations as described in Appendix B
      should not generate a mechlistMIC token when the MIC token
      exchange is not required.  The acceptor then processes the last
      mechanism token and does one of the following:

With this, I believe all known issues/objections are addressed now.

Thanks,

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: Sam Hartman [mailto:hartmans-ietf@mit.edu]=20
Sent: Monday, December 13, 2004 5:45 AM
To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: AD review: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02

>>>>> "Larry" =3D=3D Liqiang(Larry) Zhu <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com> =
writes:
    Larry> It was meant to emphasize that the list should not contains
    Larry> mechanisms that the initiator does not have credentials
    Larry> for.

    Larry> New text

    Larry>    The first negotiation token sent by the initiator
    Larry> contains an ordered list of mechanisms (in decreasing
    Larry> preference order, favorite mechanism first), and optionally
    Larry> the initial mechanism token for the preferred mechanism of
    Larry> the initiator (i.e., the first in the list).  (Note that
    Larry> the list MUST NOT contain mechanisms for which the client
    Larry> does not have appropriate credentials.)

I believe this is more clear but I believe it is wrong.  Let's say I get
credentials for SPNEGO and then add credentials for Kerberos to my
credentials.  If I then try and initiate a context, and the set of
mechanisms SPNEGO negotiates includes SPKM by default, it is reasonable
for me to end up with a SPKM context.  The actual SPKM credentials used
come from inside the SPNEGO credentials.


    Larry> Is this a bit clearer?

    >> What happens if it is absent?

    Larry> Fixed. GSS_Init_sec_context() should indicate
    Larry> GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN.

I actually meant what value is assumed if it is absent in the second and
following messages?


    >> Isn't the mechlistmic also required if a mechanism other than
    >> the
>> initiator's first choice chosen?

    Larry> Yes, but the acceptor must send reqest_mic in that case too

Sure, but my point is that an client must require the MIC even if it is
talking to an incorrect implementation (read attacker) that does not
send request_mic when required.




Thanks much for the quick response.

--Sam

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On Mon, Dec 13, 2004 at 04:23:47PM -0500, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> On Monday, December 13, 2004 12:25:45 -0600 Nicolas Williams 
> <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:
> 
> >>The text is not clear on which key is used.  Keep in mind that CFX
> >>involves subkeys and the keying for RFC 1964 is kind of complicated.
> >>You need to cover both cases.
> >
> >This gets at an issue brought up by Love: should there be a
> >GSS_C_PRF_READY?  Should PROT_READY apply to the PRF?
> >
> >It's easier if we answer no, and no.
> 
> I think PROT_READY is something of a kludge, and will not be particularly 
> sad if things stop supporting it.  In that vein, I don't think we need a 
> GSS_C_PRF_READY.
> 
> As for the second question, I don't think it matters.  I'm having trouble 
> imagining a mech which could report PROT_READY and not also be ready to run 
> the PRF.

The Kerberos V GSS mech's PRF could not be ready when the context is
PROT_READY *if* we specify the use of the acceptor's sub-session key as
the key for the PRF.

One way to define PROT_READY is thus: the key material for the context
has been exchanged/agreed upon, though it may not be authenticated until
the context is fully established.  By such a definition the Kerberos V
mechanism's contexts can't be PROT_READY and not also be fully
established.

Nico
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On Monday, December 13, 2004 08:45:27 -0500 Sam Hartman 
<hartmans-ietf@mit.edu> wrote:

> I believe this is more clear but I believe it is wrong.  Let's say I
> get credentials for SPNEGO and then add credentials for Kerberos to my
> credentials.  If I then try and initiate a context, and the set of
> mechanisms SPNEGO negotiates includes SPKM by default, it is
> reasonable for me to end up with a SPKM context.  The actual SPKM
> credentials used come from inside the SPNEGO credentials.

I'm not sure what you mean when you say "get credentials for SPNEGO".  Yes, 
from the RFC2743 point of view there is such a concept as SPNEGO 
credentials, but it's an abstraction for some set of underlying "real" 
credentials.  The requirement applies to that set of real credentials -- if 
your "SPNEGO credentials" don't include SPKM credentials, then it is not OK 
for SPNEGO to negotiate SPKM.

-- Jeff

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On Monday, December 13, 2004 15:40:39 -0600 Nicolas Williams 
<Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

>> As for the second question, I don't think it matters.  I'm having
>> trouble  imagining a mech which could report PROT_READY and not also be
>> ready to run  the PRF.
>
> The Kerberos V GSS mech's PRF could not be ready when the context is
> PROT_READY *if* we specify the use of the acceptor's sub-session key as
> the key for the PRF.

Indeed, I stand corrected.

In which case, it simplifies things quite a lot if we specify that the PRF 
cannot be used until the context is fully established.

-- Jeff

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On Monday, December 13, 2004 13:29:44 -0800 "Liqiang(Larry) Zhu" 
<lzhu@windows.microsoft.com> wrote:

> I chatted with Sam over the phone and he agreed to withdraw two of
> objections below, and for the remaining one I added a note in 5 c).

Um.  So what text did we end up with for not negotiating a mechanism you 
don't have credentials for?  Do we have the original text, or the new text 
you proposed, or something else?

-- Jeff

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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
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Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> Do we have the original text, or the new text you proposed, or
something else?

We agreed to use the new text.


The new text is better in that it is more explicit. The problem I had
with the old text was that the term "based on" was too vague (although
it does not contradict with the fact that the caller can reduce the set
of negotiable mechanisms for which the initiator has credentials).


I think the difference (between the old and the new text) is too subtle
for us to have an issue here.


-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: Jeffrey Hutzelman [mailto:jhutz@cmu.edu]=20
Sent: Monday, December 13, 2004 3:03 PM
To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu; Sam Hartman
Cc: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: RE: AD review: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02



On Monday, December 13, 2004 13:29:44 -0800 "Liqiang(Larry) Zhu"=20
<lzhu@windows.microsoft.com> wrote:

> I chatted with Sam over the phone and he agreed to withdraw two of=20
> objections below, and for the remaining one I added a note in 5 c).

Um.  So what text did we end up with for not negotiating a mechanism you
don't have credentials for?  Do we have the original text, or the new
text you proposed, or something else?

-- Jeff

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On Mon, Dec 13, 2004 at 06:00:11PM -0500, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> 
> 
> On Monday, December 13, 2004 15:40:39 -0600 Nicolas Williams 
> <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:
> 
> >>As for the second question, I don't think it matters.  I'm having
> >>trouble  imagining a mech which could report PROT_READY and not also be
> >>ready to run  the PRF.
> >
> >The Kerberos V GSS mech's PRF could not be ready when the context is
> >PROT_READY *if* we specify the use of the acceptor's sub-session key as
> >the key for the PRF.
> 
> Indeed, I stand corrected.
> 
> In which case, it simplifies things quite a lot if we specify that the PRF 
> cannot be used until the context is fully established.

Yes, but for potential future mechanisms this could be a bad compromise.

Looking at: a) how prot_ready was added to the GSS-API and, b) the text in
RFC2744 about the flags output parameter of the GSS context
establishment/inquiry functions I do believe we could add
prf_ready/GSS_C_PRF_READY to the GSS-API.

But we could also add prf_ready/GSS_C_PRF_READY later, when it's
actually needed, the same way that prot_ready was added.

Anyways, this is an interesting excercise is figuring out what
PROT_READY really means.  Knowing what I know now, a) PROT_READY should
have meant and should mean, if we could figure out how to make it so,
that the key material for the context has been fully exchanged/agreed to
though not authenticated until the context is fully established.  But
that would mean taking out support for PROT_READY from CFX.  Fun.

Nico
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> The Kerberos V GSS mech's PRF could not be ready when the context is
> PROT_READY *if* we specify the use of the acceptor's sub-session key as
> the key for the PRF.
> 
> One way to define PROT_READY is thus: the key material for the context
> has been exchanged/agreed upon, though it may not be authenticated until
> the context is fully established.  By such a definition the Kerberos V
> mechanism's contexts can't be PROT_READY and not also be fully
> established.

PROT_READY was meant to allow an authenticated communication
(i.e. context establishment plus application request reply)
with a single application-level message exchange.

So the (application level) request carries the initial context token
plus protected messages with the application request,
and the (application level) reply carries an optional reply context
token plus protected messages with the application reply.

This feature was specifically requested for use with rfc1964
Kerberos and both, unidirectional and mutual authentication
by IBM to protect communication with stateless servers without
having to change the architecture (the statelessness).


We discussed the acceptor-asserted subsession key before --
it is somewhat incompatible with generic PROT_READY facility,
and it is entirely incompatible with the target-only context
establishment exchange.


-Martin



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>>>>> "Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:

    Martin> We discussed the acceptor-asserted subsession key before
    Martin> -- it is somewhat incompatible with generic PROT_READY
    Martin> facility, and it is entirely incompatible with the
    Martin> target-only context establishment exchange.

What is this facility?  I'm missing or at least misplacing the
reference.


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Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> 
> On Monday, December 13, 2004 08:45:27 -0500 Sam Hartman 
> <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu> wrote:
> > I believe this is more clear but I believe it is wrong.  Let's say I
> > get credentials for SPNEGO and then add credentials for Kerberos to my
> > credentials.  If I then try and initiate a context, and the set of
> > mechanisms SPNEGO negotiates includes SPKM by default, it is
> > reasonable for me to end up with a SPKM context.  The actual SPKM
> > credentials used come from inside the SPNEGO credentials.
> 
> I'm not sure what you mean when you say "get credentials for SPNEGO".  Yes, 
> from the RFC2743 point of view there is such a concept as SPNEGO 
> credentials, but it's an abstraction for some set of underlying "real" 
> credentials.  The requirement applies to that set of real credentials -- if 
> your "SPNEGO credentials" don't include SPKM credentials, then it is not OK 
> for SPNEGO to negotiate SPKM.

Application-level "credentials management" that includes the SPNEGO
mechanism OID is un(der)specified, so you should *never* mix the SPNEGO
mechanism OID with any other mechanism OIDs when your (portable)
application calls gss_acquire_cred() or gss_add_cred().

Similarly, your SPNEGO should never return individual mechanism OIDs
when a SPNEGO credentials handle is queried for the mechanisms
through gss_inquire_cred() or as the result of gs

rfc2478 defines a GSS-API extension in Appendix A with two additional
function calls that should be used to manipulate the mechanism (OIDs)
to which an SPNEGO credentials handle refers.

-Martin


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Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
> >>>>> "Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:
> 
>     Martin> We discussed the acceptor-asserted subsession key before
>     Martin> -- it is somewhat incompatible with generic PROT_READY
>     Martin> facility, and it is entirely incompatible with the
>     Martin> target-only context establishment exchange.
> 
> What is this facility?  I'm missing or at least misplacing the
> reference.

What I meant is the following:

1) with the single token security context establishment that rfc1964
   uses for unidirectional authentication there is no place for
   the acceptor to assert a subsession key

2) With PROT_READY, it may be difficult (or impossible) for the
   acceptor to determine (at the gssapi level) at which point
   the initiator is in possesion of an acceptor-asserted subsession key,
   and should no longer be using the initiator-asserted subsession key
   for message protection.

-Martin


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Date: Tue, 14 Dec 2004 15:51:37 -0600
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
To: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
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Subject: Re: Comments on draft-ietf-kitten-krb5-gssapi-prf-00.txt
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On Tue, Dec 14, 2004 at 10:11:15PM +0100, Martin Rex wrote:
> Sam Hartman wrote:
> > 
> > >>>>> "Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:
> > 
> >     Martin> We discussed the acceptor-asserted subsession key before
> >     Martin> -- it is somewhat incompatible with generic PROT_READY
> >     Martin> facility, and it is entirely incompatible with the
> >     Martin> target-only context establishment exchange.
> > 
> > What is this facility?  I'm missing or at least misplacing the
> > reference.
> 
> What I meant is the following:
> 
> 1) with the single token security context establishment that rfc1964
>    uses for unidirectional authentication there is no place for
>    the acceptor to assert a subsession key
> 
> 2) With PROT_READY, it may be difficult (or impossible) for the
>    acceptor to determine (at the gssapi level) at which point
>    the initiator is in possesion of an acceptor-asserted subsession key,
>    and should no longer be using the initiator-asserted subsession key
>    for message protection.

Yes, in CFX we had that problem.

This would all be fixed by settling for the semantic I mentioned
yesterday, that PROT_READY indicates that all key material has been
exchanged, while GSS_S_COMPLETE indicates that all key material has been
exchanged and authenticated and authentication is complete.

That would mean that Kerberos V contexts can never be PROT_READY and
also NOT fully established.

But we've already made the mistake of giving the new mechanism a
PROT_READY feature (and for this I must take blame).

Nico
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Date: Tue, 14 Dec 2004 18:13:05 -0500
From: Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu>
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Subject: REMINDER: Working Group Last Call: The Simple and Protected GSS-API
 Negotiation Mechanism
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This is a reminder that the two week working group last call on "The 
Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism" will expire on 
Thursday 16-Dec-2004.

Draft -03 was posted to this list this morning containing the editorial 
changes already agreed upon.

Jeffrey Altman



Jeffrey Altman wrote:

> The authors of "The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism"
> have informed me that they believe that draft -02 is ready for last
> call.  I have reviewed the document and agree.  I believe the remaining
> issues on the list are editorial in nature.
> 
> A Working Group Last Call period will start today to determine whether
> or not it is the consensus of this group to submit the document to the
> IESG for consideration as a Proposed Standard.
> 
> As the -02 draft has not been published by the Secretariat as yet,
> a copy of the draft may be found in the Kitten mailing list archives
> at:
> 
>   http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/kitten/current/msg00281.html
> 
> This Working Group Last Call will expire on 16-Dec-2004.
> 
> Please send comments on this document to "kitten@ietf.org".
> 
> -----------------------------------------------------------------
> Title: The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
> Authors: Zhu, L., Leach, P.J., Jaganathan, K., Ingersoll, W.
> Filename: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02.txt
> Abstract:
> 
>    This document specifies a negotiation mechanism for the Generic
>    Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) which is
>    described in RFC 2743.
> 
>    GSS-API peers can use this negotiation mechanism to choose from a
>    common set of security mechanisms.
> 
> Size: 25 pages
> Expiry: June 1, 2005
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Jeffrey Altman
> Chair, IETF Kitten Working Group
> Secure Endpoints Inc.
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Kitten mailing list
> Kitten@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten

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On Mon, Dec 13, 2004 at 04:42:02PM -0500, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> 
> 
> On Monday, December 13, 2004 08:45:27 -0500 Sam Hartman 
> <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu> wrote:
> 
> >I believe this is more clear but I believe it is wrong.  Let's say I
> >get credentials for SPNEGO and then add credentials for Kerberos to my
> >credentials.  If I then try and initiate a context, and the set of
> >mechanisms SPNEGO negotiates includes SPKM by default, it is
> >reasonable for me to end up with a SPKM context.  The actual SPKM
> >credentials used come from inside the SPNEGO credentials.
> 
> I'm not sure what you mean when you say "get credentials for SPNEGO".  Yes, 
> from the RFC2743 point of view there is such a concept as SPNEGO 
> credentials, but it's an abstraction for some set of underlying "real" 
> credentials.  The requirement applies to that set of real credentials -- if 
> your "SPNEGO credentials" don't include SPKM credentials, then it is not OK 
> for SPNEGO to negotiate SPKM.

"Get credentials for SPNEGO" -> e.g., call GSS_Add_cred() w/
desired_mech == SPNEGO's OID, or call GSS_Init_sec_context() w/
GSS_C_NO_CREDENTIAL and SPNEGO's OID as the mech, etc...

Note that it's possible to have a GSS credential with elements for
multiple mechanisms including one for SPNEGO which, in turn, may have an
internal reference to a GSS credential with elements for non-SPNEGO
mechanisms.

Think of a non-monolythic multi-mechanism mech glue layer.

The GSS_Set_neg_mechs() and GSS_Get_neg_mechs() functions are there to
provide applications with control over what mechanisms a SPNEGO
credential may have elements for.

Nico
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Is it sufficiently clear that foreknowledge of how many tokens a given
mechanism will need is not needed?

Nico
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On Sun, Dec 12, 2004 at 08:38:31PM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
>        Acceptors that wish to be compatible with legacy Windows SPNEGO
>        implementations as described in Appendix B shall not generate a
>        mechlistMIC token when the MIC token exchange is not required.
> I'd rather not have a 2119 SHALL subordinate to a "wish to" clause
> suggest s/SHALL/should/

This seems like a matter of wording, and I do think that RFC2119
verbiage is needed here as this does involve interop with a widely
deployed implementation.  BTW, what is "legacy" in this case?  Should we
care?

Nico
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Subject: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO) I-D
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[My comments take into account the changes agreed to in the thread
started by Sam about his comments.]

 - section 3.1, third paragraph: the GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() functions
   deal in SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER, not SEQUENCE OF, therefore
   applications cannot specify preference order through
   GSS_Set_neg_mechs().

   GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() could not be changed to use SEQUENCE OF
   OBJECT IDENTIFIER because of language bindings issues (unless there
   exist no implementations, I suppose) since SEQUENCE OF is not used
   anywhere in RFC2743 none of the language bindings have appropriate
   bindings for that type.

   I suggest either extensions for specifying policy or else that this
   paragraph be re-written to remove at least the reference to appendix
   A.

 - section 3.1, next to last paragraph: should that not read: "Lastly,
   MIC tokens MAY, and sometimes MUST be exchanged ...?"

 - section 3.2, first paragraph: if integrity protection is not
   available then what?  Presumably the context can be established
   anyhow as neither the initiator would offer nor the acceptor accept
   such a mech if they really want a protected negotiation.

 - section 3.2, (c), (III): s/depending on if at least.*\./according to
   the status of the negotiated mechanism's context./

   Similarly, for section 3.2, (c), (II), there may or may not be a
   mechanism token in the negotiation token when the state is
   request_mic -- if the mechanism outputs a token then it should be
   included in the negotiation token (except in the error token case, in
   which it should be optional).

 - section 3.2, (d): encapsulated with what?  NegTokenResp?

 - section 3.2, first paragraph after (e): s/i.e.,.*\./i.e., these flag
   input parameters and state output parameters are passed by SPNEGO
   unmodified between the application and the mechanism./

 - section 3.2, last paragraph:  I think this should be re-written
   thusly:

      When a GSS-API credential is acquired for the SPNEGO mechanism the
      implementation SHOULD produce a credential element for the SPNEGO
      mechanism which internally contains GSS-API credential elements
      for all mechanisms for which the principal has credentials
      available, except for any mechanisms which are not to be
      negotiated, either as per implementation-, site- or
      application-specific policy.  See Appendix A for interfaces for
      expressing application policy.

 - section 4.2, first paragraph: s/are not/MUST NOT be/

 - section 4.2.1, if reqFlags has no impact on the negotiation, what's
   the point?  Why not deprecate that field recommend that it be left
   out?  Besides, what would an acceptor do with those flags?
   GSS_Accept_sec_context() doesn't have a flags input parameter...  And
   the final output flags from the SPNEGO GSS_Accept_sec_context()
   should, one would think, correspond to those of the negotiated
   mechanism's (minus prot_ready prior to full context establishment).

 - section 4.2.2: ENUMERATED can have extensibility markers too.  If the
   negResult enumeration gets such a marker then section 6 will have to
   explain what implementors are to do about unknown negResults; IMO the
   answer is: derive actual state from the negotiated context state or,
   if that's not possible, quit with an error.

 - section 4.2.2: Add: "When negResult is absent the actual state should
   be inferred from the state of the negotiated mechanism context."

 - section 5, what happens when a mechListMIC is sent when it is
   OPTIONAL?  The receipient should have to process it, IMO, and that
   should be a MUST, no?

 - section 5, (b), (I), the initiator MUST output a negotiation token
   with a mechListMIC, no?  I.e., RFC2119 key words are needed.

 - section 5, (b), (II): s/terminated.  GSS.*\.//terminated;
   GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN MUST be indicated as the major status./

   I.e., this applies not just to GSS_Accept_sec_context() but also to
   GSS_Init_sec_context().

   Similarly for section 5, (b), (IV).

 - section 5, (c): I'm with Sam on this; I've not seen a response from
   Larry about.  The initiator has to send a mechListMIC if the acceptor
   selected a mechanism other than the initiator's preference even if
   the acceptor did not request a mecListMIC.

 - section 5, (c): GSS_Init_sec_context() should not, presumably,
   indicate GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED if the intiator offers only one
   mechanism, an optimistic token is included and the mechanism is a
   one-token mechanism (i.e., it indicates GSS_S_COMPLETE immediately),
   right?

 - section 5, (c), (I), again, RFC2119 key words are needed:
   s/contains/MUST include/ (and the token MUST be output!)

 - section 5, (c), (I), when the acceptor's mechListMIC cannot be
   verified by the initiator GSS_Init_sec_context() should (MUST)
   indicate GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN.

 - section 5, (c), (III):  It may be useful to explain why.

 - section 5, (c), (III):  s/contains/MUST contain/  (and the token MUST
   be output!).

 - section 6, second paragraph, third sentence: s/ but instead.*\.//

 - section 7, given the attack in the even-numbered mechanism token
   exchange case where the initiator can end up fully established while
   the acceptor fails to establish, isn't there an issue where an
   attacker could cause a downgrade to a mechanism for which it could
   impersonate the acceptor through other attacks?

It's late, but I think I'm done.

Nico
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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
To: "Nicolas Williams" <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
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this is correct based on the algorithms in the current draft and =
implementations we have. did you find anything different from  your =
side?
=20
-- larry

________________________________

From: Nicolas Williams [mailto:Nicolas.Williams@sun.com]
Sent: Wed 12/15/2004 12:27 AM
To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
Cc: Sam Hartman; kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: AD review: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02



Is it sufficiently clear that foreknowledge of how many tokens a given
mechanism will need is not needed?

Nico
--



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=0A=
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<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size=3D2>this is =
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<DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>-- larry</FONT></DIV></DIV>=0A=
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<HR tabIndex=3D-1>=0A=
<FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> Nicolas Williams =0A=
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AM<BR><B>To:</B> Liqiang(Larry) Zhu<BR><B>Cc:</B> Sam Hartman; =0A=
kitten@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: AD review: =0A=
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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec 15 07:01:44 2004
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From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
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On closer review I think yes, it is clear.

On Wed, Dec 15, 2004 at 03:32:14AM -0800, Liqiang(Larry) Zhu wrote:
> this is correct based on the algorithms in the current draft and implementations we have. did you find anything different from  your side?
>  
> -- larry
> 
> ________________________________
> 
> From: Nicolas Williams [mailto:Nicolas.Williams@sun.com]
> Sent: Wed 12/15/2004 12:27 AM
> To: Liqiang(Larry) Zhu
> Cc: Sam Hartman; kitten@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: AD review: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-02
> 
> 
> 
> Is it sufficiently clear that foreknowledge of how many tokens a given
> mechanism will need is not needed?
> 
> Nico
> --
> 
> 

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec 15 08:10:14 2004
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>>>>> "jaltman" == Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu> writes:

jaltman> Draft -03 was posted to this list this morning containing the
jaltman> editorial changes already agreed upon.

I do not see the -03 draft anywhere.  It's not on the internet-drafts
site, and I didn't see a copy come over the mailing list.  It's also
not in the mailing list archives.  Is there in fact a -03 draft?

---Tom

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>>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:

    Nicolas> On Sun, Dec 12, 2004 at 08:38:31PM -0500, Sam Hartman
    Nicolas> wrote:
    >> Acceptors that wish to be compatible with legacy Windows SPNEGO
    >> implementations as described in Appendix B shall not generate a
    >> mechlistMIC token when the MIC token exchange is not required.
    >> I'd rather not have a 2119 SHALL subordinate to a "wish to"
    >> clause suggest s/SHALL/should/

    Nicolas> This seems like a matter of wording, and I do think that
    Nicolas> RFC2119 verbiage is needed here as this does involve
    Nicolas> interop with a widely deployed implementation.  BTW, what
    Nicolas> is "legacy" in this case?  Should we care?

Propose text.  Based on the timing I'd rather assume that any change
we agree to will be integrated after ietf last call (probably in an
rfc editor note) rather than before ietf lc.


--Sam

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I think Nico wants somewhat more RFC 2119 language than I think is
strictly necessary.  Note that things other than 2119 language can
place normative requirements on an implementation.

I don't object to his proposed changes in this regard, I simply think
some of of them are not required.  I take no position on whether they
would improve the spec.


>>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:

    Nicolas> [My comments take into account the changes agreed to in

    Nicolas>    Similarly, for section 3.2, (c), (II), there may or
    Nicolas> may not be a mechanism token in the negotiation token
    Nicolas> when the state is request_mic -- if the mechanism outputs
    Nicolas> a token then it should be included in the negotiation
    Nicolas> token (except in the error token case, in which it should
    Nicolas> be optional).

Why is an error token optional?


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>>>>> "Sam" == Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu> writes:

>>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:
    Nicolas> On Sun, Dec 12, 2004 at 08:38:31PM -0500, Sam Hartman
    Nicolas> wrote:
    >>> Acceptors that wish to be compatible with legacy Windows
    >>> SPNEGO implementations as described in Appendix B shall not
    >>> generate a mechlistMIC token when the MIC token exchange is
    >>> not required.  I'd rather not have a 2119 SHALL subordinate to
    >>> a "wish to" clause suggest s/SHALL/should/

    Nicolas> This seems like a matter of wording, and I do think that
    Nicolas> RFC2119 verbiage is needed here as this does involve
    Nicolas> interop with a widely deployed implementation.  BTW, what
    Nicolas> is "legacy" in this case?  Should we care?

    Sam> Propose text.  Based on the timing I'd rather assume that any
    Sam> change we agree to will be integrated after ietf last call
    Sam> (probably in an rfc editor note) rather than before ietf lc.

Actually, I think timing is less of an issue now given Nico's other
comments.

--Sam


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On Wed, Dec 15, 2004 at 10:19:46AM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> I think Nico wants somewhat more RFC 2119 language than I think is
> strictly necessary.  Note that things other than 2119 language can
> place normative requirements on an implementation.
> 
> I don't object to his proposed changes in this regard, I simply think
> some of of them are not required.  I take no position on whether they
> would improve the spec.

Hmmm, well, I don't have a strong position on that matter -- I
understood what the text said and meant, so if that's enough for you
then we can drop this.

> 
> >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:
> 
>     Nicolas> [My comments take into account the changes agreed to in
> 
>     Nicolas>    Similarly, for section 3.2, (c), (II), there may or
>     Nicolas> may not be a mechanism token in the negotiation token
>     Nicolas> when the state is request_mic -- if the mechanism outputs
>     Nicolas> a token then it should be included in the negotiation
>     Nicolas> token (except in the error token case, in which it should
>     Nicolas> be optional).
> 
> Why is an error token optional?

IIRC you've wanted error tokens and/or useful information in them to be
optional and, anyways, initiators already have to be prepared to never
hear from acceptors again, even in the middle of a context token
exchange.

Nico
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Here is a copy of the -03 draft which Larry submitted yesterday.


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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
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=20
=20
RFC editors,

This is an update for our existing document.  This is a workinggroup
document for the KITTEN workinggroup.


-----------------------------------------------------------------
Title: The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
Authors: Zhu, L., Leach, P.J., Jaganathan, K., Ingersoll, W.
Filename: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-03.txt
Abstract:

   This document specifies a negotiation mechanism for the Generic
   Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) which is
   described in RFC 2743.

   GSS-API peers can use this negotiation mechanism to choose from a
   common set of security mechanisms.

   If per-message integrity services are available on the established
   mechanism context, then the negotiation is protected against an
   attacker forcing the selection of a mechanism not desired by the
   peers.

   This mechanism replaces RFC 2478 in order to fix defects in that
   specification and to describe how to interoperate with
   implementations of that specification commonly deployed on the
   Internet.

Size: 28 pages
Expiry: June 16, 2005



Thanks,

-- Larry


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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Dec 15 14:37:18 2004
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From: Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>
Date: Wed, 15 Dec 2004 14:23:22 -0500
In-Reply-To: <20041215180151.GQ135800@binky.central.sun.com> (Nicolas
	Williams's message of "Wed, 15 Dec 2004 12:01:51 -0600")
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Subject: Re: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO) I-D
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>>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:


    >>  >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
    >> writes:
    >> 
    Nicolas> [My comments take into account the changes agreed to in
    >>
    Nicolas> Similarly, for section 3.2, (c), (II), there may or may
    Nicolas> not be a mechanism token in the negotiation token when
    Nicolas> the state is request_mic -- if the mechanism outputs a
    Nicolas> token then it should be included in the negotiation token
    Nicolas> (except in the error token case, in which it should be
    Nicolas> optional).
    >>  Why is an error token optional?

    Nicolas> IIRC you've wanted error tokens and/or useful information
    Nicolas> in them to be optional and, anyways, initiators already
    Nicolas> have to be prepared to never hear from acceptors again,
    Nicolas> even in the middle of a context token exchange.

In application protocols yes.  In this instance, if the acceptor sends
anything it should send the final token from the mechanism though even
if it is an error token.


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Subject: Text (was Re: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO) I-D)
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On Wed, Dec 15, 2004 at 05:25:36AM -0600, Nicolas Williams wrote:
> [My comments take into account the changes agreed to in the thread
> started by Sam about his comments.]
> 
>  - section 3.1, third paragraph: the GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() functions
>    deal in SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER, not SEQUENCE OF, therefore
>    applications cannot specify preference order through
>    GSS_Set_neg_mechs().
> 
>    GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() could not be changed to use SEQUENCE OF
>    OBJECT IDENTIFIER because of language bindings issues (unless there
>    exist no implementations, I suppose) since SEQUENCE OF is not used
>    anywhere in RFC2743 none of the language bindings have appropriate
>    bindings for that type.
> 
>    I suggest either extensions for specifying policy or else that this
>    paragraph be re-written to remove at least the reference to appendix
>    A.



>  - section 3.1, next to last paragraph: should that not read: "Lastly,
>    MIC tokens MAY, and sometimes MUST be exchanged ...?"

Larry points out that this should not be normative text, so lower case
the 'may'.

>  - section 3.2, first paragraph: if integrity protection is not
>    available then what?  Presumably the context can be established
>    anyhow as neither the initiator would offer nor the acceptor accept
>    such a mech if they really want a protected negotiation.

So, what I'm asking for here is for security considerations text that
uses rfc2119 key words to say that peers should not offer/accept such
mechanisms if they want negotiation protection.

>  - section 3.2, (c), (III): s/depending on if at least.*\./according to
>    the status of the negotiated mechanism's context./
> 
>    Similarly, for section 3.2, (c), (II), there may or may not be a
>    mechanism token in the negotiation token when the state is
>    request_mic -- if the mechanism outputs a token then it should be
>    included in the negotiation token (except in the error token case, in
>    which it should be optional).

Larry agrees to this and has made the change.

>  - section 3.2, (d): encapsulated with what?  NegTokenResp?

Larry agrees and has fixed.

>  - section 3.2, first paragraph after (e): s/i.e.,.*\./i.e., these flag
>    input parameters and state output parameters are passed by SPNEGO
>    unmodified between the application and the mechanism./

Larry points out that this is implicit and also that a SPNEGO
implementation might want to modify *_req_flags, so, no change is needed
here and I agree.

>  - section 3.2, last paragraph:  I think this should be re-written
>    thusly:
> 
>       When a GSS-API credential is acquired for the SPNEGO mechanism the
>       implementation SHOULD produce a credential element for the SPNEGO
>       mechanism which internally contains GSS-API credential elements
>       for all mechanisms for which the principal has credentials
>       available, except for any mechanisms which are not to be
>       negotiated, either as per implementation-, site- or
>       application-specific policy.  See Appendix A for interfaces for
>       expressing application policy.

Larry agrees to this change.

>  - section 4.2, first paragraph: s/are not/MUST NOT be/

Larry agrees and has fixed this.

>  - section 4.2.1, if reqFlags has no impact on the negotiation, what's
>    the point?  Why not deprecate that field recommend that it be left
>    out?  Besides, what would an acceptor do with those flags?
>    GSS_Accept_sec_context() doesn't have a flags input parameter...  And
>    the final output flags from the SPNEGO GSS_Accept_sec_context()
>    should, one would think, correspond to those of the negotiated
>    mechanism's (minus prot_ready prior to full context establishment).

Larry agrees and added a comment in the structure explaining that this
field is there for compatibility but SHOULD be left out.

>  - section 4.2.2: ENUMERATED can have extensibility markers too.  If the
>    negResult enumeration gets such a marker then section 6 will have to
>    explain what implementors are to do about unknown negResults; IMO the
>    answer is: derive actual state from the negotiated context state or,
>    if that's not possible, quit with an error.

For simplicity's sake I'm withdrawing this comment.  This field suffers
from being mostly redundant, except for the request_mic value.

(BTW, are underscores allowed in ASN.1 value symbols?)

>  - section 4.2.2: Add: "When negResult is absent the actual state should
>    be inferred from the state of the negotiated mechanism context."

Larry agrees, and has fixed this.

>  - section 5, what happens when a mechListMIC is sent when it is
>    OPTIONAL?  The receipient should have to process it, IMO, and that
>    should be a MUST, no?

Larry points out that this is covered in section 5, (b) (I) and (c) (I),
but note that there's no normative rfc2119 key words about that.

Larry rejects this.  I don't mind.

>  - section 5, (b), (I), the initiator MUST output a negotiation token
>    with a mechListMIC, no?  I.e., RFC2119 key words are needed.

Larry rejects this.  I don't mind.

>  - section 5, (b), (II): s/terminated.  GSS.*\.//terminated;
>    GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN MUST be indicated as the major status./
> 
>    I.e., this applies not just to GSS_Accept_sec_context() but also to
>    GSS_Init_sec_context().
> 
>    Similarly for section 5, (b), (IV).

Larry agrees and has fixed this.

>  - section 5, (c): I'm with Sam on this; I've not seen a response from
>    Larry about.  The initiator has to send a mechListMIC if the acceptor
>    selected a mechanism other than the initiator's preference even if
>    the acceptor did not request a mecListMIC.

Larry says that this has been addressed already -- either I missed it or
it was addressed off-list.

>  - section 5, (c): GSS_Init_sec_context() should not, presumably,
>    indicate GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED if the intiator offers only one
>    mechanism, an optimistic token is included and the mechanism is a
>    one-token mechanism (i.e., it indicates GSS_S_COMPLETE immediately),
>    right?

Larry disagrees and considers this an optimization for a case where apps
should not use SPNEGO anyways (to negotiate from a list of one
mechanism).  I withdraw the comment.

>  - section 5, (c), (I), again, RFC2119 key words are needed:
>    s/contains/MUST include/ (and the token MUST be output!)

Larry rejects this comment.  I don't mind.

>  - section 5, (c), (I), when the acceptor's mechListMIC cannot be
>    verified by the initiator GSS_Init_sec_context() should (MUST)
>    indicate GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN.

Larry rejects this comment claiming that this is implied.  I agree it's
impled and don't mind if it isn't fixed.

>  - section 5, (c), (III):  It may be useful to explain why.

This isn't a big deal, but my point is that someone who is not familiar
with SPNEGO may legitimately wonder why there's that final negotiation
message when the mechListMIC was not needed.  In other words this text
may be confusing to others, though not to me.

Larry does not want to make a change.  I don't mind.

>  - section 5, (c), (III):  s/contains/MUST contain/  (and the token MUST
>    be output!).

Larry rejects this comment.  I don't mind.

>  - section 6, second paragraph, third sentence: s/ but instead.*\.//

Larry agrees and has fixed this.

>  - section 7, given the attack in the even-numbered mechanism token
>    exchange case where the initiator can end up fully established while
>    the acceptor fails to establish, isn't there an issue where an
>    attacker could cause a downgrade to a mechanism for which it could
>    impersonate the acceptor through other attacks?

Larry points out that the next to last paragraph in section 7 covers
this.  I withdraw this comment.

Done.

Nico
-- 

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On Wed, Dec 15, 2004 at 02:23:22PM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:
> 
> 
>     >>  >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
>     >> writes:
>     >> 
>     Nicolas> [My comments take into account the changes agreed to in
>     >>
>     Nicolas> Similarly, for section 3.2, (c), (II), there may or may
>     Nicolas> not be a mechanism token in the negotiation token when
>     Nicolas> the state is request_mic -- if the mechanism outputs a
>     Nicolas> token then it should be included in the negotiation token
>     Nicolas> (except in the error token case, in which it should be
>     Nicolas> optional).
>     >>  Why is an error token optional?
> 
>     Nicolas> IIRC you've wanted error tokens and/or useful information
>     Nicolas> in them to be optional and, anyways, initiators already
>     Nicolas> have to be prepared to never hear from acceptors again,
>     Nicolas> even in the middle of a context token exchange.
> 
> In application protocols yes.  In this instance, if the acceptor sends
> anything it should send the final token from the mechanism though even
> if it is an error token.

But that makes the negotiation token an error token also, and
negotiation error tokens have to be as optional as error tokens are for
any mechanism.

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Sam Hartman wrote:
> In application protocols yes.  In this instance, if the acceptor sends
anything it should send the final >=20
> token from the mechanism though even if it is an error token.

The error token must be optional because SSPI can not support context
level tokens that are produced when GSS_Init_sec_context() or
GSS_Init_accept_context() fails.

-- larry

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Sam Hartman
Sent: Wednesday, December 15, 2004 11:23 AM
To: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Re: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO) I-D

>>>>> "Nicolas" =3D=3D Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> =
writes:


    >>  >>>>> "Nicolas" =3D=3D Nicolas Williams =
<Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
    >> writes:
    >>=20
    Nicolas> [My comments take into account the changes agreed to in
    >>
    Nicolas> Similarly, for section 3.2, (c), (II), there may or may
    Nicolas> not be a mechanism token in the negotiation token when
    Nicolas> the state is request_mic -- if the mechanism outputs a
    Nicolas> token then it should be included in the negotiation token
    Nicolas> (except in the error token case, in which it should be
    Nicolas> optional).
    >>  Why is an error token optional?

    Nicolas> IIRC you've wanted error tokens and/or useful information
    Nicolas> in them to be optional and, anyways, initiators already
    Nicolas> have to be prepared to never hear from acceptors again,
    Nicolas> even in the middle of a context token exchange.

In application protocols yes.  In this instance, if the acceptor sends
anything it should send the final token from the mechanism though even
if it is an error token.


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>>>>> "Liqiang(Larry)" == Liqiang(Larry) Zhu <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com> writes:

    Liqiang(Larry)> Sam Hartman wrote:
    >> In application protocols yes.  In this instance, if the
    >> acceptor sends
    Liqiang(Larry)> anything it should send the final >
    >> token from the mechanism though even if it is an error token.

    Liqiang(Larry)> The error token must be optional because SSPI can
    Liqiang(Larry)> not support context level tokens that are produced
    Liqiang(Larry)> when GSS_Init_sec_context() or
    Liqiang(Larry)> GSS_Init_accept_context() fails.

Don't let this discussion interrupt work on -04.

So, there are a lot of levels of optional here.  If the mechanism
returns gss_something_bad and generates an output token (something
that cannot happen on SSPI), I contend that SPNEGO must also output
this token.

I agree mechanisms may not have error tokens.  But if they do, SPNEGO
must not be the reason they are not delivered.  The application can of
course choose not to deliver the resulting SPNEGO token.



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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Kitten (GSS-API Next Generation) Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
	Author(s)	: L. Zhu, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-03.txt
	Pages		: 28
	Date		: 2004-12-15
	
This document specifies a negotiation mechanism for the Generic
   Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) which is
   described in RFC 2743.

   GSS-API peers can use this negotiation mechanism to choose from a
   common set of security mechanisms.

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 -04 is attached.

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Nicolas Williams
Sent: Wednesday, December 15, 2004 12:18 PM
To: kitten@ietf.org
Subject: Text (was Re: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO) I-D)

On Wed, Dec 15, 2004 at 05:25:36AM -0600, Nicolas Williams wrote:
> [My comments take into account the changes agreed to in the thread=20
> started by Sam about his comments.]
>=20
>  - section 3.1, third paragraph: the GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() functions
>    deal in SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER, not SEQUENCE OF, therefore
>    applications cannot specify preference order through
>    GSS_Set_neg_mechs().
>=20
>    GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() could not be changed to use SEQUENCE OF
>    OBJECT IDENTIFIER because of language bindings issues (unless there
>    exist no implementations, I suppose) since SEQUENCE OF is not used
>    anywhere in RFC2743 none of the language bindings have appropriate
>    bindings for that type.
>=20
>    I suggest either extensions for specifying policy or else that this
>    paragraph be re-written to remove at least the reference to
appendix
>    A.



>  - section 3.1, next to last paragraph: should that not read: "Lastly,
>    MIC tokens MAY, and sometimes MUST be exchanged ...?"

Larry points out that this should not be normative text, so lower case
the 'may'.

>  - section 3.2, first paragraph: if integrity protection is not
>    available then what?  Presumably the context can be established
>    anyhow as neither the initiator would offer nor the acceptor accept
>    such a mech if they really want a protected negotiation.

So, what I'm asking for here is for security considerations text that
uses rfc2119 key words to say that peers should not offer/accept such
mechanisms if they want negotiation protection.

>  - section 3.2, (c), (III): s/depending on if at least.*\./according
to
>    the status of the negotiated mechanism's context./
>=20
>    Similarly, for section 3.2, (c), (II), there may or may not be a
>    mechanism token in the negotiation token when the state is
>    request_mic -- if the mechanism outputs a token then it should be
>    included in the negotiation token (except in the error token case,
in
>    which it should be optional).

Larry agrees to this and has made the change.

>  - section 3.2, (d): encapsulated with what?  NegTokenResp?

Larry agrees and has fixed.

>  - section 3.2, first paragraph after (e): s/i.e.,.*\./i.e., these
flag
>    input parameters and state output parameters are passed by SPNEGO
>    unmodified between the application and the mechanism./

Larry points out that this is implicit and also that a SPNEGO
implementation might want to modify *_req_flags, so, no change is needed
here and I agree.

>  - section 3.2, last paragraph:  I think this should be re-written
>    thusly:
>=20
>       When a GSS-API credential is acquired for the SPNEGO mechanism
the
>       implementation SHOULD produce a credential element for the
SPNEGO
>       mechanism which internally contains GSS-API credential elements
>       for all mechanisms for which the principal has credentials
>       available, except for any mechanisms which are not to be
>       negotiated, either as per implementation-, site- or
>       application-specific policy.  See Appendix A for interfaces for
>       expressing application policy.

Larry agrees to this change.

>  - section 4.2, first paragraph: s/are not/MUST NOT be/

Larry agrees and has fixed this.

>  - section 4.2.1, if reqFlags has no impact on the negotiation, what's
>    the point?  Why not deprecate that field recommend that it be left
>    out?  Besides, what would an acceptor do with those flags?
>    GSS_Accept_sec_context() doesn't have a flags input parameter...
And
>    the final output flags from the SPNEGO GSS_Accept_sec_context()
>    should, one would think, correspond to those of the negotiated
>    mechanism's (minus prot_ready prior to full context establishment).

Larry agrees and added a comment in the structure explaining that this
field is there for compatibility but SHOULD be left out.

>  - section 4.2.2: ENUMERATED can have extensibility markers too.  If
the
>    negResult enumeration gets such a marker then section 6 will have
to
>    explain what implementors are to do about unknown negResults; IMO
the
>    answer is: derive actual state from the negotiated context state
or,
>    if that's not possible, quit with an error.

For simplicity's sake I'm withdrawing this comment.  This field suffers
from being mostly redundant, except for the request_mic value.

(BTW, are underscores allowed in ASN.1 value symbols?)

>  - section 4.2.2: Add: "When negResult is absent the actual state
should
>    be inferred from the state of the negotiated mechanism context."

Larry agrees, and has fixed this.

>  - section 5, what happens when a mechListMIC is sent when it is
>    OPTIONAL?  The receipient should have to process it, IMO, and that
>    should be a MUST, no?

Larry points out that this is covered in section 5, (b) (I) and (c) (I),
but note that there's no normative rfc2119 key words about that.

Larry rejects this.  I don't mind.

>  - section 5, (b), (I), the initiator MUST output a negotiation token
>    with a mechListMIC, no?  I.e., RFC2119 key words are needed.

Larry rejects this.  I don't mind.

>  - section 5, (b), (II): s/terminated.  GSS.*\.//terminated;
>    GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN MUST be indicated as the major status./
>=20
>    I.e., this applies not just to GSS_Accept_sec_context() but also to
>    GSS_Init_sec_context().
>=20
>    Similarly for section 5, (b), (IV).

Larry agrees and has fixed this.

>  - section 5, (c): I'm with Sam on this; I've not seen a response from
>    Larry about.  The initiator has to send a mechListMIC if the
acceptor
>    selected a mechanism other than the initiator's preference even if
>    the acceptor did not request a mecListMIC.

Larry says that this has been addressed already -- either I missed it or
it was addressed off-list.

>  - section 5, (c): GSS_Init_sec_context() should not, presumably,
>    indicate GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED if the intiator offers only one
>    mechanism, an optimistic token is included and the mechanism is a
>    one-token mechanism (i.e., it indicates GSS_S_COMPLETE
immediately),
>    right?

Larry disagrees and considers this an optimization for a case where apps
should not use SPNEGO anyways (to negotiate from a list of one
mechanism).  I withdraw the comment.

>  - section 5, (c), (I), again, RFC2119 key words are needed:
>    s/contains/MUST include/ (and the token MUST be output!)

Larry rejects this comment.  I don't mind.

>  - section 5, (c), (I), when the acceptor's mechListMIC cannot be
>    verified by the initiator GSS_Init_sec_context() should (MUST)
>    indicate GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN.

Larry rejects this comment claiming that this is implied.  I agree it's
impled and don't mind if it isn't fixed.

>  - section 5, (c), (III):  It may be useful to explain why.

This isn't a big deal, but my point is that someone who is not familiar
with SPNEGO may legitimately wonder why there's that final negotiation
message when the mechListMIC was not needed.  In other words this text
may be confusing to others, though not to me.

Larry does not want to make a change.  I don't mind.

>  - section 5, (c), (III):  s/contains/MUST contain/  (and the token
MUST
>    be output!).

Larry rejects this comment.  I don't mind.

>  - section 6, second paragraph, third sentence: s/ but instead.*\.//

Larry agrees and has fixed this.

>  - section 7, given the attack in the even-numbered mechanism token
>    exchange case where the initiator can end up fully established
while
>    the acceptor fails to establish, isn't there an issue where an
>    attacker could cause a downgrade to a mechanism for which it could
>    impersonate the acceptor through other attacks?

Larry points out that the next to last paragraph in section 7 covers
this.  I withdraw this comment.

Done.

Nico
--=20

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 16 14:27:59 2004
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From: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
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Subject: Re: Text (was Re: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO) I-D)
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> >  - section 5, what happens when a mechListMIC is sent when it is
> >    OPTIONAL?  The receipient should have to process it, IMO, and that
> >    should be a MUST, no?
> 
> Larry points out that this is covered in section 5, (b) (I) and (c) (I),
> but note that there's no normative rfc2119 key words about that.
> 
> Larry rejects this.  I don't mind.

The decision whether a supplied mechListMIC must be processed
is clear from the situation, the decision is *NOT* at the discretion
of the receiver.

If a mechListMIC is created and sent for a security context where
the final lag results in a context establishment failure, then the
mechListMIC can obviously *not* be processed, because gss_verify_mic()
can not be called.

If a mechListMIC is created and sent for a security context that
is successfully established, then the receiver MUST process the
mechListMIC and call gss_verify_mic() in order to keep the
message protection sequencing facilities in sync with the peer.
Otherwise the application will run into message sequencing errors.


> 
> >  - section 5, (c), (I), again, RFC2119 key words are needed:
> >    s/contains/MUST include/ (and the token MUST be output!)
> 
> Larry rejects this comment.  I don't mind.
> 
> >  - section 5, (c), (I), when the acceptor's mechListMIC cannot be
> >    verified by the initiator GSS_Init_sec_context() should (MUST)
> >    indicate GSS_S_DEFECTIVE_TOKEN.
> 
> Larry rejects this comment claiming that this is implied.  I agree it's
> impled and don't mind if it isn't fixed.
> 
> >  - section 5, (c), (III):  It may be useful to explain why.
> 
> This isn't a big deal, but my point is that someone who is not familiar
> with SPNEGO may legitimately wonder why there's that final negotiation
> message when the mechListMIC was not needed.  In other words this text
> may be confusing to others, though not to me.
> 
> Larry does not want to make a change.  I don't mind.
> 
> >  - section 5, (c), (III):  s/contains/MUST contain/  (and the token MUST
> >    be output!).
> 
> Larry rejects this comment.  I don't mind.

There are already too many things implied in our specs.  I would
really appreciate if things were spelled out more often, and in
particular when someone involved in the spec discussion thinks that
an explanation would help!

I'm not an SPNEGO implementor and I'm sufficiently *un*familiar with
the protocol to *not* recognize those parts of the spec that might
make implementors wonder.

When SPNEGO was originally discussed in ietf-cat, then I complained
that it did only contain ASN.1 descriptions and no bits-and-bytes
description.  If there had been bits&bytes in the spec, there would
never have been confusion about which bytes go into the mechListMIC.
Unfortunately those implementors that were involved in the discussion
and review (Denis Pinkas/Bull and Mike Swift/Microsoft) weren't sufficiently
experienced with ASN.1 to see the problem, and unfortunately they didn't
seem to have realized the problem while implementing, because they
didn't complain...

-Martin

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On Thu, Dec 16, 2004 at 08:06:31PM +0100, Martin Rex wrote:
> When SPNEGO was originally discussed in ietf-cat, then I complained
> that it did only contain ASN.1 descriptions and no bits-and-bytes
> description.  If there had been bits&bytes in the spec, there would
> never have been confusion about which bytes go into the mechListMIC.
> Unfortunately those implementors that were involved in the discussion
> and review (Denis Pinkas/Bull and Mike Swift/Microsoft) weren't sufficiently
> experienced with ASN.1 to see the problem, and unfortunately they didn't
> seem to have realized the problem while implementing, because they
> didn't complain...

If only the bits that went into the MIC were all they'd gotten wrong...
Then this work item would be much simpler.  The other things they
got wrong were not due to spec vagueness, I don't think.

Nico
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> >     >>  Why is an error token optional?
> > 
> >     Nicolas> IIRC you've wanted error tokens and/or useful information
> >     Nicolas> in them to be optional and, anyways, initiators already
> >     Nicolas> have to be prepared to never hear from acceptors again,
> >     Nicolas> even in the middle of a context token exchange.
> > 
> > In application protocols yes.  In this instance, if the acceptor sends
> > anything it should send the final token from the mechanism though even
> > if it is an error token.
> 
> But that makes the negotiation token an error token also, and
> negotiation error tokens have to be as optional as error tokens are for
> any mechanism.

Error tokens are dangerous, because the can cause quite some confusion
and interoperability problems.  I think they should be avoided
entirely.

In case that the security context establishment fails when the final
security context token is processed, then the sender has already
returned GSS_S_COMPLETE and is therefore not expecting another
context level (error) token, and the application level protocol
may not have sufficient provisions to tag the token correctly...

If gss_init_sec_context() or gss_accept_sec_context() returns a fatal
routine error, then the calling applicatoin is likely to terminate
the communication with the peer (and entirely ignore any token returned
by the call).  If the gssapi mechanism camouflages the error token by
returning (GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED|GSS_S_COMPLETE) plus an error token,
then this will result in an interoperability problems and possible
confusion if (a) the handling of error tokens is insufficiently
standardized in the mechanism spec or (b) the error happened when
processing the final context token and the peer is not expecting
another context level (error) token.

Microsoft's Kerberos implementation creates camouflaged context level
error tokens in several situations, and legacy MIT Kerberos chokes
on them.

-Martin

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The working group last call on SPNEGO is ended this morning.
The -04 draft which was sent to the list yesterday (and should be
published to the Internet-Drafts repository tomorrow) contains only
editorial changes from the -02 on which the last call was issued.

I will let the working group know tomorrow whether I feel there
is enough consensus on the document to allow it to be forwarded
to the IESG for an IETF Last Call.

Jeffrey Altman





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Martin Rex wrote:
> 
> There are already too many things implied in our specs.  I would
> really appreciate if things were spelled out more often, and in
> particular when someone involved in the spec discussion thinks that
> an explanation would help!
> 
> I'm not an SPNEGO implementor and I'm sufficiently *un*familiar with
> the protocol to *not* recognize those parts of the spec that might
> make implementors wonder.
> 
> When SPNEGO was originally discussed in ietf-cat, then I complained
> that it did only contain ASN.1 descriptions and no bits-and-bytes
> description.  If there had been bits&bytes in the spec, there would
> never have been confusion about which bytes go into the mechListMIC.
> Unfortunately those implementors that were involved in the discussion
> and review (Denis Pinkas/Bull and Mike Swift/Microsoft) weren't sufficiently
> experienced with ASN.1 to see the problem, and unfortunately they didn't
> seem to have realized the problem while implementing, because they
> didn't complain...
> 
> -Martin

I agree that I would rather error on the side of too much explanatory
text then not enough.  Especially in a protocol specification which is
attempting to correct for the flaws of the past.

The WGLC is over on this document.  I will issue my determination on
whether to send it to the IESG tomorrow.  In either case, if there are
further editorial changes which would help prevent confusion for 
implementors they can be submitted as IETF Last Call comments or 
incorporated into a new draft before it is sent to the IESG.

Thanks.

Jeffrey Altman



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Sam Hartman asked me to look at the 2478bis-03 draft.

I should first say that it's been a long time since i've looked at
anything GSSAPI related at this level of detail.  My review is largely
confined to higher level details; I'll leave it to someone else to
determine if the bits-on-the-wire encodings match reality.

1) safety of omitting mechlistMIC:

The safety, or lack there of, of making the mechlistMIC optional
appears to depend in part on all of the acceptable mechanisms sharing a
property: they will never mistake a token for another mechanism as if
it were intended for them.  this property needs to be explicitly
spelled out in the spec.

The safety of omitting the mechlistMIC when the first choice is picked
depends on mechanisms reliably rejecting tokens not intended for them;
this property needs to be documented.

A thought experiment: 

Consider a pair (or larger sized sets) of mechanisms with different
semantics but identical syntax, which share a common underlying
credential mechanism.

here's a slightly twisted example: a server-authentication-only
variant of kerberos where mutual authenticaton is done as usual but 
where the identity presented to the target application is anonymous/"nobody".

assume the client is juggling multiple kerberos identities, and would
present one with the server-auth-only mech and a different one to the
regular kerberos mechanism.

It seems like it would be possible in this case for a MITM to mess up
the negotiation unless the mechanism OID is cryptographically linked
to the exchange.

2) excessive optimistic negotiation flexibility.

Excessive numbers of options and configuration knobs present a real
cost to implementors and users.

whether or not to send an optimistic token should perhaps be a
property of the mechanism, either in the mechanism spec (for new
mechanisms) or in a separate spec.

3) a potential race condition (page 6: client "MUST NOT" include mechs
it doesn't't have creds for in the list of acceptable mechanisms).

Credentials could be administratively deleted between the first
message and the response.  when the server responds accepting an
option no longer open to the client, the client will essentially be
forced to abort the negotiation (at application level?) and retry.

It could also be the case that mechanisms requiring an interaction
with an on-line service to produce or validate a token could encounter
a soft failure due to connectivity problems.

the net result of this is an exchange which looks to the server or an
external third-party observer as if the client violated this MUST
NOT...

4) This statement in appendix B needs more detail.

   "Even if there are such implementations, it is
   unlikely that they will interoperate because of a critical flaw in
   the description of the encoding of the mechanism list in RFC 2478."

what was this flaw?  if there are multiple possible interpretations,
an implementation could well try multiple reformulations of the input
to the hash function..

overall:
	allow implementations to cache state and/or policy about peer
	capabilities, as a better interoperability solution than
	failing to interop with the RFC?


5) vague material in sec-cons (page 18):

   The negotiation may not be terminated if an alteration was made but
   it had no material impact.

This is very ambiguous as it's not clear whether it is forbidding
termination in this case or merely allowing continuation.  I think you
mean:

   If the receiver detects an alteration, but the alteration had no
   material impact on the negotiation, the reciever MAY opt to continue
   the session.

It's also the case that "material alteration" is not defined.

6) appendix C example:

IMHO you should should also pick an example mechanism, key,
etc., and include the computed MIC.






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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Kitten (GSS-API Next Generation) Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
	Author(s)	: L. Zhu, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-04.txt
	Pages		: 28
	Date		: 2004-12-17
	
This document specifies a negotiation mechanism for the Generic
   Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) which is
   described in RFC 2743.

   GSS-API peers can use this negotiation mechanism to choose from a
   common set of security mechanisms.

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Sorry these are so late, I've been working on my 48-hours, important 
bug fixes, etc.
I probably should've spent more time going over the WG email before
reviewing this, but....

Section 1, the introduction ought not to have requirements
indications, at least not to this degree.  I could see maybe an
introduction saying under circumstances X or Y an implementation
MAY/SHOULD/MUST follow this RFC, but not for how parts of the protocol
defined in the RFC are to be implemented.  The OID shouldn't be
defined here either; probably in section 4 or maybe 4.2.

Minor: Page 7 first line, "...and it is OPTIONAL to emit a context
level negotiation token", sounds awkward to me (maybe "OPTIONAL
whether to emit" or "emitting...is OPTIONAL"?).  Given the aggressive
work by the RFC Editor these days, it will probably get reworded into
active voice, along with a whole bunch of other stuff.  Better to do
it first, than give them more work.

Minor: Page 8, item (c), "...this mechanism token MUST be deposited to
the selected mechanism".  The word "deposited" seems odd here, how
about "passed"?  Item (d) likewise.  And maybe "emit"->"returned" for
outputs of GSS-API functions.

Minor: Item (d) "until the GSS_S_COMPLETE is returned", drop "the" or
make it "the GSS_S_COMPLETE status" or something.

Section 3.1: Might be obvious, but it may be worth noting that the
SPNEGO OID itself SHOULD (MUST?) NOT be included in the list of
mechanisms.

Section 3.2 "The basic form of the procedure ... is summarized as
follows".  Okay, where's the non-basic, non-summary, fully-detailed
description?  If this is the fully detailed description, it should
tell me what the target should do if the initial proposed mechanism is
acceptable, but an error happens processing the included token.  Near
as I can tell, (c) says I should return GSS_S_COMPLETE and not send a
reply.  If the error happens later, then it's clearer what I should
do.

Section 3.2 (d) seems to ignore the possibility that the target didn't
like the proposed mechanism and returned a list of different ones.
And what it if returned only ones which weren't supported by the
initiator?

In fact, the word "error" occurs only once in the document, and that's
in the introduction.  ("Fail" occurs a bit more -- introduction,
security considerations, and appendices.  But the main body of the
spec can't address just the success cases.)

Q: Does GSSAPI allow for a state where authentication has essentially
succeeded, but one has the option of sending one more mech token and
the other can't independently determine whether the it will do so?
(I'm wondering if that would affect the scheduling of the MIC token
transmission, but haven't looked into it yet.)

Section 4.2.1:

            reqFlags        [1] ContextFlags  OPTIONAL,
              -- maintained from RFC 2478 for backward compatibility,
              -- RECOMMENDED to be left out

    reqFlags

          This field, if present, contains the service options that are
          requested to establish the context.  The context flags SHOULD
          be filled in from the req_flags parameter of

Which is it?  Included (and ignored), or omitted?


Section 5, second paragraph:

    as described later in this section, is OPTIONAL.  A mechanism is the
    acceptor's most preferred mechanism if there is no other mechanism
    which, had it been present in the mechanism list, the acceptor would
    have preferred over the accepted mechanism.

"The most preferred mechanism" implies uniqueness.  The rest of the
description does not seem to support that.  In fact, if my policy is
"use the first mech listed", then isn't that first mech always going
to qualify (assuming I support it at all)?  Or is the intent that this
other mech would always be used if it's in the list, regardless of
position or other mechanisms?  (In which case, "use the first mech
listed" has no "most preferred mech" at all.)


When is NegTokenInit.mechListMIC used?  Section 3 seems to indicate
that the MIC tokens aren't exchanged until *after* GSS_S_COMPLETE has
been returned on both sides by the agreed-upon mechanism, and aren't
we sure to be using NegTokenResp at that point?  (In Section 5 it
appears that it's possible to use mechListMIC in NegTokenInit.)


Section 6:

A final RFC should probably not talk too much about planned work in
specific working groups.

MIC requirements:

    influence the acceptor's choice of mechanism.  As discussed in
    Section 5, if there are mechanisms that if present in the initiator's
    list of mechanisms might be preferred by the acceptor to the
    initiator's preferred mechanism, the acceptor MUST demand the MIC
    token exchange.  As a consequence, acceptors MUST demand the MIC
    token exchange if they support negotiation of attributes not
    available in the initiator's preferred mechanism regardless of
    whether the initiator actually requested these attributes.

... (I'm not sure I follow "as a consequence", but I haven't thought
about it enough, or caught up on the mail) but section 5 says:

    If the mechanism selected by the negotiation does not support
    integrity protection, then no mechlistMIC token is used.

... so what if the acceptor supports this attribute negotiation but
they agree on a mechanism without integrity protection?


Section 7:

The security considerations do need work, as Bill noted.  I'd like to
see discussion of Bill's thought-experiment case, where the two
parties see different OIDs, each thinking they're negotiating for
their preferred mech, but in reality they're different mechs with
similar-enough initial messages.


Minor: I don't think Sections demand page breaks.  A bunch of vertical
space is wasted just to get sections 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 to start at
the top of their pages.  Section 8 (one-line header plus one line of
content) is especially wasteful.

Minor: Appendix B starts off indented too far by three columns.

Appendix B "address the problems in RFC 2478": Since there's been no
discussion of what "the problems" are, I'd drop the word "the".

Should we say "Microsoft Windows 2000/..."?


That's it for now.

Ken


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Kitten (GSS-API Next Generation) Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
	Author(s)	: L. Zhu, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-2478bis-04.txt
	Pages		: 28
	Date		: 2004-12-17
	
This document specifies a negotiation mechanism for the Generic
   Security Service Application Program Interface (GSS-API) which is
   described in RFC 2743.

   GSS-API peers can use this negotiation mechanism to choose from a
   common set of security mechanisms.

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 17 18:28:53 2004
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>>>>> "Ken" == Ken Raeburn <raeburn@MIT.EDU> writes:

    Ken> Section 6:

    Ken> A final RFC should probably not talk too much about planned
    Ken> work in specific working groups.

Disagree.  I've seen it done in other places and I believe it is
reasonable in this instance.  Do you have a better idea for conveying
the information?


    Ken> MIC requirements:

    Ken>     influence the acceptor's choice of mechanism.  As
    Ken> discussed in Section 5, if there are mechanisms that if
    Ken> present in the initiator's list of mechanisms might be
    Ken> preferred by the acceptor to the initiator's preferred
    Ken> mechanism, the acceptor MUST demand the MIC token exchange.
    Ken> As a consequence, acceptors MUST demand the MIC token
    Ken> exchange if they support negotiation of attributes not
    Ken> available in the initiator's preferred mechanism regardless
    Ken> of whether the initiator actually requested these attributes.

    Ken> ... (I'm not sure I follow "as a consequence", but I haven't
    Ken> thought about it enough, or caught up on the mail) but
    Ken> section 5 says:

    Ken>     If the mechanism selected by the negotiation does not
    Ken> support integrity protection, then no mechlistMIC token is
    Ken> used.

    Ken> ... so what if the acceptor supports this attribute
    Ken> negotiation but they agree on a mechanism without integrity
    Ken> protection?

Then no MIc is exchanged.  This does need rewording to allow for that.

What section 6 is trying to say is that if you support things that
influence your negotiation, then you tend not to be able to make the
MIC token safe to omit.


    Ken> Section 7:

    Ken> The security considerations do need work, as Bill noted.  I'd
    Ken> like to see discussion of Bill's thought-experiment case,
    Ken> where the two parties see different OIDs, each thinking
    Ken> they're negotiating for their preferred mech, but in reality
    Ken> they're different mechs with similar-enough initial messages.

That's not quite enough to make the thought experiment work out.  You
actually need them to be similar enough in enough messages that one
side ends up returning complete.  I.E. I agree we need to address
Bill's thought experiment but believe the conditions under which it is
a problem will be tricky to describe.


--Sam

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Dec 17 18:31:19 2004
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On Dec 17, 2004, at 18:20, Sam Hartman wrote:
>     Ken> A final RFC should probably not talk too much about planned
>     Ken> work in specific working groups.
>
> Disagree.  I've seen it done in other places and I believe it is
> reasonable in this instance.  Do you have a better idea for conveying
> the information?

Planned work seems reasonable, it's references to specific working 
groups that will probably go away long before the RFC is made obsolete 
(if we get it right this time) that bother me a little.  Just dropping 
the WG references and describing it as planned IETF work may be okay.  
Or, if people disagree, just leave it as is...

Ken


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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Dec 18 12:43:27 2004
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>>>>> "Ken" == Ken Raeburn <raeburn@MIT.EDU> writes:

    Ken> On Dec 17, 2004, at 18:20, Sam Hartman wrote: A final RFC
    Ken> should probably not talk too much about planned work in
    Ken> specific working groups.
    >>  Disagree.  I've seen it done in other places and I believe it
    >> is reasonable in this instance.  Do you have a better idea for
    >> conveying the information?

    Ken> Planned work seems reasonable, it's references to specific
    Ken> working groups that will probably go away long before the RFC
    Ken> is made obsolete (if we get it right this time) that bother
    Ken> me a little.  Just dropping the WG references and describing
    Ken> it as planned IETF work may be okay.  Or, if people disagree,
    Ken> just leave it as is...

I agree the reference will become obselete.  However I also believe it
is important for people to be able to find the work, and I think that
reference will help such a search.

--Sam


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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 20 13:33:52 2004
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	Williams" at Dec 15, 4 05:25:36 am
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
>  - section 3.1, third paragraph: the GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() functions
>    deal in SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER, not SEQUENCE OF, therefore
>    applications cannot specify preference order through
>    GSS_Set_neg_mechs().
> 
>    GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() could not be changed to use SEQUENCE OF
>    OBJECT IDENTIFIER because of language bindings issues (unless there
>    exist no implementations, I suppose) since SEQUENCE OF is not used
>    anywhere in RFC2743 none of the language bindings have appropriate
>    bindings for that type.

I have a different understanding of rfc2478 and rfc2743.

rfc2478 uses the same terminology to describe GSS_Set_mechs/GSS_Get_mechs
function parameters as rfc2743.  However the "SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER"
is **NOT** meant to imply all of the ASN.1 semantics of a SET.

In the GSS-API C-Bindings, the gss_OID_set has always been an
array of OIDs, and for those API calls where order makes sense,
the oder of OIDs in the array indicates a preference,
e.g. the gss_OID_set returned by gss_indicate_mechs().

Therefore, the definition of GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() is fine with rfc2743/44
and provides a means to indicate an order of preference.

-Martin

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Date: Mon, 20 Dec 2004 12:36:06 -0600
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
To: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
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On Mon, Dec 20, 2004 at 07:29:21PM +0100, Martin Rex wrote:
> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> > 
> >  - section 3.1, third paragraph: the GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() functions
> >    deal in SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER, not SEQUENCE OF, therefore
> >    applications cannot specify preference order through
> >    GSS_Set_neg_mechs().
> > 
> >    GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() could not be changed to use SEQUENCE OF
> >    OBJECT IDENTIFIER because of language bindings issues (unless there
> >    exist no implementations, I suppose) since SEQUENCE OF is not used
> >    anywhere in RFC2743 none of the language bindings have appropriate
> >    bindings for that type.
> 
> I have a different understanding of rfc2478 and rfc2743.
> 
> rfc2478 uses the same terminology to describe GSS_Set_mechs/GSS_Get_mechs
> function parameters as rfc2743.  However the "SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER"
> is **NOT** meant to imply all of the ASN.1 semantics of a SET.
> 
> In the GSS-API C-Bindings, the gss_OID_set has always been an
> array of OIDs, and for those API calls where order makes sense,
> the oder of OIDs in the array indicates a preference,
> e.g. the gss_OID_set returned by gss_indicate_mechs().

RFC2744 has this to say about the subject in the description of
gss_add_oid_set_member():

               The routine may add the new member OID anywhere within
   the elements array, and implementations should verify that the new
   member_oid is not already contained within the elements array; if the
   member_oid is already present, the oid_set should remain unchanged.

> Therefore, the definition of GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() is fine with rfc2743/44
> and provides a means to indicate an order of preference.

See above; OID sets are _sets_ not sequences, in the C bindings.

And I note that rfc2743 does not use 'SEQUENCE OF' at all while rfc2744
does not specify any sort of array type.  Together with the rfc2744
text on OID sets I think the evidence is resounding that the C-bindings
simply do not provide for any mapping of a generic 'SEQUENCE OF' to C
constructs.

Nico
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From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
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On Thu, Dec 16, 2004 at 09:14:09PM -0500, Bill Sommerfeld wrote:
> Sam Hartman asked me to look at the 2478bis-03 draft.
> 
> I should first say that it's been a long time since i've looked at
> anything GSSAPI related at this level of detail.  My review is largely
> confined to higher level details; I'll leave it to someone else to
> determine if the bits-on-the-wire encodings match reality.
> 
> 1) safety of omitting mechlistMIC:
> 
> The safety, or lack there of, of making the mechlistMIC optional
> appears to depend in part on all of the acceptable mechanisms sharing a
> property: they will never mistake a token for another mechanism as if
> it were intended for them.  this property needs to be explicitly
> spelled out in the spec.
> 
> The safety of omitting the mechlistMIC when the first choice is picked
> depends on mechanisms reliably rejecting tokens not intended for them;
> this property needs to be documented.

Bill's right.  Some of you may remember a similar issue when we
considered how the new Kerberos V mechanism might be extended in the
future.

And Bill's thought experiment is not so far fetched.  The OID in the
initial token outer wrapper could be used to select different semantics
for mechs with similar syntax and credentials, though that be
inadvisable unless those mechanisms actually provide integrity
protection for that OID (note that none of the mechs defined by IETF
documents do).

> 2) excessive optimistic negotiation flexibility.
> 
> Excessive numbers of options and configuration knobs present a real
> cost to implementors and users.
> 
> whether or not to send an optimistic token should perhaps be a
> property of the mechanism, either in the mechanism spec (for new
> mechanisms) or in a separate spec.

Unfortunately changing the SPNEGO's OID is out of the question -- how
would one negotiate which version of SPNEGO to use?  How would new
implementations interop with currently deployed Windows implementations?

> 3) a potential race condition (page 6: client "MUST NOT" include mechs
> it doesn't't have creds for in the list of acceptable mechanisms).
> 
> Credentials could be administratively deleted between the first
> message and the response.  when the server responds accepting an
> option no longer open to the client, the client will essentially be
> forced to abort the negotiation (at application level?) and retry.

Credentials can expire in the middle of the context negotiation; when
that happens the context negotiation may (should) fail.  Tough luck.

> It could also be the case that mechanisms requiring an interaction
> with an on-line service to produce or validate a token could encounter
> a soft failure due to connectivity problems.

That's true with or without SPNEGO in the mix.

That said, for some mechanisms it'd be a good optimization for SPNEGO to
call GSS_Init_sec_context() to determine, prior to offering a mechList,
whether the initiator actually would fail to setup a context with the
given target acceptor in spite of having credentials.  For other
mechanisms this be not be an optimization at all, but worse.

> the net result of this is an exchange which looks to the server or an
> external third-party observer as if the client violated this MUST
> NOT...

But is that a problem?  I don't think so.

> 4) This statement in appendix B needs more detail.
> 
>    "Even if there are such implementations, it is
>    unlikely that they will interoperate because of a critical flaw in
>    the description of the encoding of the mechanism list in RFC 2478."
> 
> what was this flaw?  if there are multiple possible interpretations,
> an implementation could well try multiple reformulations of the input
> to the hash function..
> 
> overall:
> 	allow implementations to cache state and/or policy about peer
> 	capabilities, as a better interoperability solution than
> 	failing to interop with the RFC?

If interop with legacy implementations means reduced security then
caching knowledge about legacyness of peers seems dangerous.  Policy,
OTOH, is different; OOB policy should be allowed, but if there's no
standard mechanism for distributing such policy then it should probably
not be encouraged.

Nico
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I'd recommend rephrasing your argument without reference to ASN.1.  It
will I think avoid unnecessary confusion.



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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 20 16:40:57 2004
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The WGLC for SPNEGO ended on Thursday morning.  Late Thursday night and
Friday morning additional reviews of the document were submitted.  These
reviews had been requested by the A.D.

As a result of these reviews on top of the compromised discussions which 
took place on Tuesday and Wednesday, I determined that the draft would 
not have passed an IETF Last Call at the current time.

It is my hope that the document can be revised to address all 
outstanding issues over the next ten days.  If there is consensus on the
list at that time, I will recommend the document be sent to the IESG
for an IETF Last Call.

Jeffrey Altman


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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 20 19:05:21 2004
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From: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
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To: Nicolas.Williams@sun.com (Nicolas Williams)
Date: Tue, 21 Dec 2004 00:55:20 +0100 (MET)
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Subject: Re: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO) I-D
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> > rfc2478 uses the same terminology to describe GSS_Set_mechs/GSS_Get_mechs
> > function parameters as rfc2743.  However the "SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER"
> > is **NOT** meant to imply all of the ASN.1 semantics of a SET.
> > 
> > In the GSS-API C-Bindings, the gss_OID_set has always been an
> > array of OIDs, and for those API calls where order makes sense,
> > the oder of OIDs in the array indicates a preference,
> > e.g. the gss_OID_set returned by gss_indicate_mechs().
> 
> RFC2744 has this to say about the subject in the description of
> gss_add_oid_set_member():
> 
>                The routine may add the new member OID anywhere within
>    the elements array, and implementations should verify that the new
>    member_oid is not already contained within the elements array; if the
>    member_oid is already present, the oid_set should remain unchanged.

The GSS-API spec uses only a single data type to pass more than
a single OID between gssapi mechanism and application, and that
data type is called "SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER" by rfc2743.

In most cases, this should be considered a SET, meaning that if you
want to check for a particular OID, you'll have to check all members.

However, this convention was never meant to preclude the (ab)use of
this datatype to convey a list of OIDs ordered by preference.
And, in fact, this has been done from the days of GSS-API v1 for the
return parameter of gss_indicate_mechs() and the input parameter to
gss_acquire_cred() by several gssapi mechanisms.
That includes MIT Kerberos 5.


The definition of GSS_Set_mechs/GSS_Get_mechs in rfc2478 may be
the first place where a gss_OID_set is explicitly treated as
an ordered list at the spec level, but it is certainly not
the first such use.  And there was no suprize or contention about
that kind of use among the CAT participants when SPNEGO was
discussed, simply because everyone was used to doing it.


> 
> > Therefore, the definition of GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() is fine with rfc2743/44
> > and provides a means to indicate an order of preference.
> 
> See above; OID sets are _sets_ not sequences, in the C bindings.

Nope.

The C-Bindings define the gss_OID_set type as a top-level data-structure
pointing to an array of gss_OIDs.

   typedef struct gss_OID_set_desc_struct {
      size_t    count;
      gss_OID   elements;
   } gss_OID_set_desc, *gss_OID_set;

Except for __implementations__ of gss_add_oid_set_member(),
applications and gssapi mechanisms are neither required nor expected
to "enforce" any kind of "SET" semantics on gss_OID_set data types
passed through GSS-API calls.  I.e. an application may pass along
a gss_OID_set with duplicate OIDs or gss_OID_set ordered by preference.


Do you think that CAT should have created a seperate data type
and forked gss_indicate_mechs() and gss_acquire_cred() into two
seperate API calls?  I certainly don't!


> 
> And I note that rfc2743 does not use 'SEQUENCE OF' at all while rfc2744
> does not specify any sort of array type.  Together with the rfc2744
> text on OID sets I think the evidence is resounding that the C-bindings
> simply do not provide for any mapping of a generic 'SEQUENCE OF' to C
> constructs.

Huh?  Quoting rfc2744:

3.4. Object Identifier Sets

   Certain GSS-API procedures take parameters of the type gss_OID_set.
   This type represents one or more object identifiers (section 2.3).  A
   gss_OID_set object has the following structure:

   typedef struct gss_OID_set_desc_struct {
      size_t    count;
      gss_OID   elements;
   } gss_OID_set_desc, *gss_OID_set;

   The count field contains the number of OIDs within the set.  The
   elements field is a pointer to an array of gss_OID_desc objects, each
   of which describes a single OID. gss_OID_set values are used to name
   the available mechanisms supported by the GSS-API, to request the use
   of specific mechanisms, and to indicate which mechanisms a given
   credential supports.

   All OID sets returned to the application by GSS-API are dynamic
   objects (the gss_OID_set_desc, the "elements" array of the set, and
   the "elements" array of each member OID are all dynamically
   allocated), and this storage must be deallocated by the application
   using the gss_release_oid_set() routine.


Above is the entire definition of gss_OID_set.  Take note that it
does *NOT* require a gss_OID_set not to contain duplicates!
(the requirement to not create duplicate OIDs within a gss_OID_set
 is **ONLY** for implementations of gss_add_oid_set_member(),
 a new and hardly used call for GSS-API v2).

GSS-API (v1) already defined the set of OIDs data type.  There are
several uses where the set is treated as an ordered set, and there
never was and still isn't a restriction in GSS-API that precludes this.

RFC-2478 makes explicit uses of the fact that the GSS-API data type
"SET OF OIDS" may be treated as a an ordered list ("sequence"),
and noone from the ietf-cat wg had a problem with that.

Quoting a reply from Denis Pinkas (the rfc2478 document author):

: From: pinkas@emsc.frcl.bull.fr (Denis Pinkas)
: Date: Thu, 16 Mar 1995 17:56:00 +0100 (NFT)
: To: rosenthl@mcc.com (Doug Rosenthal)
: Cc: linn@cam.ov.com, E.Baize@frcl.bull.fr, cat-ietf@mit.edu
: Subject: Re: Simple GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
 [...]
:
: rosenthl@mcc.com wrote:
: : - Also wrt the ordered list of mechanism type/option pairs, it appears
: :   that there is no way for the application to influence the ordering,
: :   i.e. that the ordering is defined by the GSSAPI implementation.
:
: This is wrong. The GSS_set_neg_mechs is just there to do what you want.

Nobody from the ietf-cat wg objected to the use of gss_OID_set as an
ordered list for GSS_set/get_neg_mechs, simply because most of the
participants have been doing it themselves and were quite used to
the concept.


-Martin


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From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
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On Tue, Dec 21, 2004 at 12:55:20AM +0100, Martin Rex wrote:
> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> > 
> > > rfc2478 uses the same terminology to describe GSS_Set_mechs/GSS_Get_mechs
> > > function parameters as rfc2743.  However the "SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER"
> > > is **NOT** meant to imply all of the ASN.1 semantics of a SET.
> > > 
> > > In the GSS-API C-Bindings, the gss_OID_set has always been an
> > > array of OIDs, and for those API calls where order makes sense,
> > > the oder of OIDs in the array indicates a preference,
> > > e.g. the gss_OID_set returned by gss_indicate_mechs().
> > 
> > RFC2744 has this to say about the subject in the description of
> > gss_add_oid_set_member():
> > 
> >                The routine may add the new member OID anywhere within
> >    the elements array, and implementations should verify that the new
> >    member_oid is not already contained within the elements array; if the
> >    member_oid is already present, the oid_set should remain unchanged.
> 
> The GSS-API spec uses only a single data type to pass more than
> a single OID between gssapi mechanism and application, and that
> data type is called "SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER" by rfc2743.
> 
> In most cases, this should be considered a SET, meaning that if you
> want to check for a particular OID, you'll have to check all members.
> 
> However, this convention was never meant to preclude the (ab)use of
> this datatype to convey a list of OIDs ordered by preference.

Abuse indeed.  To build a gss_OID_set without resorting to
gss_add_oid_set_member() means not being able to use
gss_release_oid_set() to release it, and re-ordering a set's elements
array after building it with gss_add_oid_set_member() is icky.

> And, in fact, this has been done from the days of GSS-API v1 for the
> return parameter of gss_indicate_mechs() and the input parameter to
> gss_acquire_cred() by several gssapi mechanisms.
> That includes MIT Kerberos 5.

Those don't care about order in gss OID sets though, do they?

> 
> The definition of GSS_Set_mechs/GSS_Get_mechs in rfc2478 may be
> the first place where a gss_OID_set is explicitly treated as
> an ordered list at the spec level, but it is certainly not
> the first such use.  And there was no suprize or contention about
> that kind of use among the CAT participants when SPNEGO was
> discussed, simply because everyone was used to doing it.

RFC2478 was wrong to do this.

> 
> > 
> > > Therefore, the definition of GSS_Set/Get_neg_mechs() is fine with rfc2743/44
> > > and provides a means to indicate an order of preference.
> > 
> > See above; OID sets are _sets_ not sequences, in the C bindings.
> 
> Nope.
> 
> The C-Bindings define the gss_OID_set type as a top-level data-structure
> pointing to an array of gss_OIDs.
> 
>    typedef struct gss_OID_set_desc_struct {
>       size_t    count;
>       gss_OID   elements;
>    } gss_OID_set_desc, *gss_OID_set;
> 
> Except for __implementations__ of gss_add_oid_set_member(),
> applications and gssapi mechanisms are neither required nor expected
> to "enforce" any kind of "SET" semantics on gss_OID_set data types
> passed through GSS-API calls.  I.e. an application may pass along
> a gss_OID_set with duplicate OIDs or gss_OID_set ordered by preference.
> 
> 
> Do you think that CAT should have created a seperate data type
> and forked gss_indicate_mechs() and gss_acquire_cred() into two
> seperate API calls?  I certainly don't!

GSS_Indicate_mechs() and GSS_Acquire_cred() do not care about order in
OID sets.

> 
> > 
> > And I note that rfc2743 does not use 'SEQUENCE OF' at all while rfc2744
> > does not specify any sort of array type.  Together with the rfc2744
> > text on OID sets I think the evidence is resounding that the C-bindings
> > simply do not provide for any mapping of a generic 'SEQUENCE OF' to C
> > constructs.
> 
> Huh?  Quoting rfc2744:
> 
> 3.4. Object Identifier Sets
> 
>    Certain GSS-API procedures take parameters of the type gss_OID_set.
>    This type represents one or more object identifiers (section 2.3).  A
>    gss_OID_set object has the following structure:
> 
>    typedef struct gss_OID_set_desc_struct {
>       size_t    count;
>       gss_OID   elements;
>    } gss_OID_set_desc, *gss_OID_set;
> 
>    The count field contains the number of OIDs within the set.  The
>    elements field is a pointer to an array of gss_OID_desc objects, each
>    of which describes a single OID. gss_OID_set values are used to name
>    the available mechanisms supported by the GSS-API, to request the use
>    of specific mechanisms, and to indicate which mechanisms a given
>    credential supports.
> 
>    All OID sets returned to the application by GSS-API are dynamic
>    objects (the gss_OID_set_desc, the "elements" array of the set, and
>    the "elements" array of each member OID are all dynamically
>    allocated), and this storage must be deallocated by the application
>    using the gss_release_oid_set() routine.
> 
> 
> Above is the entire definition of gss_OID_set.  Take note that it
> does *NOT* require a gss_OID_set not to contain duplicates!

But the presecribed method for creating OID sets is
gss_add_oid_set_member() and we know what that has to say about order.

> (the requirement to not create duplicate OIDs within a gss_OID_set
>  is **ONLY** for implementations of gss_add_oid_set_member(),
>  a new and hardly used call for GSS-API v2).

"Hardly?"

> GSS-API (v1) already defined the set of OIDs data type.  There are
> several uses where the set is treated as an ordered set, and there
> never was and still isn't a restriction in GSS-API that precludes this.
> 
> RFC-2478 makes explicit uses of the fact that the GSS-API data type
> "SET OF OIDS" may be treated as a an ordered list ("sequence"),
> and noone from the ietf-cat wg had a problem with that.
> 
> Quoting a reply from Denis Pinkas (the rfc2478 document author):
> 
> : From: pinkas@emsc.frcl.bull.fr (Denis Pinkas)
> : Date: Thu, 16 Mar 1995 17:56:00 +0100 (NFT)
> : To: rosenthl@mcc.com (Doug Rosenthal)
> : Cc: linn@cam.ov.com, E.Baize@frcl.bull.fr, cat-ietf@mit.edu
> : Subject: Re: Simple GSS-API Negotiation Mechanism
>  [...]
> :
> : rosenthl@mcc.com wrote:
> : : - Also wrt the ordered list of mechanism type/option pairs, it appears
> : :   that there is no way for the application to influence the ordering,
> : :   i.e. that the ordering is defined by the GSSAPI implementation.
> :
> : This is wrong. The GSS_set_neg_mechs is just there to do what you want.
> 
> Nobody from the ietf-cat wg objected to the use of gss_OID_set as an
> ordered list for GSS_set/get_neg_mechs, simply because most of the
> participants have been doing it themselves and were quite used to
> the concept.

I object now.

Providing a C binding for SEQUENCE OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER seems like a
perfectly worthwhile task for KITTEN.

Nico
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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 20 19:58:14 2004
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> > The GSS-API spec uses only a single data type to pass more than
> > a single OID between gssapi mechanism and application, and that
> > data type is called "SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER" by rfc2743.
> > 
> > In most cases, this should be considered a SET, meaning that if you
> > want to check for a particular OID, you'll have to check all members.
> > 
> > However, this convention was never meant to preclude the (ab)use of
> > this datatype to convey a list of OIDs ordered by preference.
> 
> Abuse indeed.  To build a gss_OID_set without resorting to
> gss_add_oid_set_member() means not being able to use
> gss_release_oid_set() to release it, and re-ordering a set's elements
> array after building it with gss_add_oid_set_member() is icky.

No-one in their right minds uses gss_add_oid_set_member().
I mean that.  For most purposes an automatic or static gss_OID_set
is perfectly sufficient.  Just think about the complex error handling
that gss_* API calls require.

And if an application is truely portable, then it will be able to
run on top of GSS-API v1 mechanisms as well -- and there it doesn't
have gss_add_oid_set_member().  And once an application needs to
supply it's own code to compose those gss_OID_set that it needs,
it would be outright stupid to call gss_add_oid_set_member() on
those few occasion where it was available.


> 
> > And, in fact, this has been done from the days of GSS-API v1 for the
> > return parameter of gss_indicate_mechs() and the input parameter to
> > gss_acquire_cred() by several gssapi mechanisms.
> > That includes MIT Kerberos 5.
> 
> Those don't care about order in gss OID sets though, do they?

THEY DO.


> 
> > Do you think that CAT should have created a seperate data type
> > and forked gss_indicate_mechs() and gss_acquire_cred() into two
> > seperate API calls?  I certainly don't!
> 
> GSS_Indicate_mechs() and GSS_Acquire_cred() do not care about order in
> OID sets.

The spec for those calls doesn't care.
But many gssapi mechanisms and some applications *DO* care,
whether you like it or not.


> 
> But the presecribed method for creating OID sets is
> gss_add_oid_set_member() and we know what that has to say about order.

NOPE.  The definition of gss_add_oid_set_member() only defines how
this particular new call modifies only those gss_OID_sets created
by gss_create_empty_oid_set(), *NOTHING* else.


> 
> > (the requirement to not create duplicate OIDs within a gss_OID_set
> >  is **ONLY** for implementations of gss_add_oid_set_member(),
> >  a new and hardly used call for GSS-API v2).
> 
> "Hardly?"

Yes, exactly.


> 
> Providing a C binding for SEQUENCE OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER seems like a
> perfectly worthwhile task for KITTEN.

That's entirely silly.

gss_OID_set covers both, sets and ordered lists in the existing specs
and the installed base.

-Martin


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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Dec 20 20:27:56 2004
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> > However, this convention was never meant to preclude the (ab)use of
> > this datatype to convey a list of OIDs ordered by preference.
> 
> Abuse indeed.  To build a gss_OID_set without resorting to
> gss_add_oid_set_member() means not being able to use
> gss_release_oid_set() to release it, and re-ordering a set's elements
> array after building it with gss_add_oid_set_member() is icky.

As I've explained before, sane applications will roll those few (if any)
gss_OID_set that they need without gss_add_oid_set_member() resulting
in significantly less code, and portable gssapi based applications
(performing dynamic runtime loading) are not going to use those
calls anyway.

> 
> RFC2478 was wrong to do this.

RFC2478 received consensus from the cat-ietf working group
for doing it the way it does.


> 
> I object now.
> 
> Providing a C binding for SEQUENCE OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER seems like a
> perfectly worthwhile task for KITTEN.

GSS-API also uses a gss_buffer_t to pass both, binary blobs (tokens)
and printable strings between application and gssapi mechanism.

It dependes on the context and situation whether the contents of
the gss_buffer_t are interpreted as strings or as binary blobs.

Same goes for gss_OID_set.  A gss_OID_set is an array of OIDs.
What the OIDs mean and whether the order of the OIDs in the array
is relevant depends on the particular API call and the purpose
of the OID array.

-Martin


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From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
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On Tue, Dec 21, 2004 at 01:54:05AM +0100, Martin Rex wrote:
> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> > > And, in fact, this has been done from the days of GSS-API v1 for the
> > > return parameter of gss_indicate_mechs() and the input parameter to
> > > gss_acquire_cred() by several gssapi mechanisms.
> > > That includes MIT Kerberos 5.
> > 
> > Those don't care about order in gss OID sets though, do they?
> 
> THEY DO.

They don't.  Nothing about the text of RFC2743 about
GSS_Indicate_mechs(), GSS_Acquire_cred(), GSS_Add_cred() or
GSS_Inquire*() says anything about order in the SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER
input or output parameters, never mind its significance.

As to the SPNEGO interfaces, if we want order to matter (we do) and if
there aren't any implementations of the rfc2478 interfaces or none that
apps developers are likely to encounter then we should either change
those interfaces to use SEQUENCE OF or deprecate and replace them with
interfaces that use SEQUENCE OF.

And while we're at it we should provide C, and other language, bindings
for those interfaces and/or rules for determining the language bindings
of the generic interfaces for any of the relevant programming languages.

Regardless of whether the C-bindings gss_OID_set_desc type was meant for
dual use or was abused now that we know we need SEQUENCE OF for SPNEGO's
interfaces we do need to clarify the use of SET OF vs.  SEQUENCE OF in
the C bindings.

Nico
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>>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:

    Nicolas> On Tue, Dec 21, 2004 at 01:54:05AM +0100, Martin Rex
    Nicolas> wrote:
    Nicolas> As to the SPNEGO interfaces, if we want order to matter
    Nicolas> (we do) and if there aren't any implementations of the
    Nicolas> rfc2478 interfaces or none that apps developers are
    Nicolas> likely to encounter then we should either change those
    Nicolas> interfaces to use SEQUENCE OF or deprecate and replace
    Nicolas> them with interfaces that use SEQUENCE OF.

Since when did GSSAPI use ASN.1 as its data model?  This claim seems
missing from the text in the same way that any specific reference to
order of oid set members is missing.

>From my point of view, I can think of several implications of assuming
that GSS-API does not use ASN.1 as its data model.  First, allowing
the set type to be ordered might be a reasonable thing to do.  Second,
it means we should be more explicit both in our descriptions both on
the list and in our documents of what the properties of abstract data
types we use are.


I'm not proposing a specific solution for the document, but I am
proposing that we be more explicit of what we mean by a certain data
type in our on-list discussions.



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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> They don't.  Nothing about the text of RFC2743 about
> GSS_Indicate_mechs(), GSS_Acquire_cred(), GSS_Add_cred() or
> GSS_Inquire*() says anything about order in the SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER
> input or output parameters, never mind its significance.

A lot of things in GSS-API are "a local matter", i.e. unspecified
at the generic level and left up to individual gssapi implementations.

When a gssapi mechanism implements more than a single mechanism
or mechanism variant, i.e. when gss_indicate_mechs() returns more
than a single mechanism OID, then all mechanisms that I know put
"their" preferred mechanism OID as the first entry in the gss_OID_set.

All gssapi mechanism that I've seen which offer more than a single
gssapi mechanism OID do that, including MIT Kerberos 5.

There has been an expectation that an application which picks a
mechanism OID from the list returned by gss_indicate_mechs() might
process the list of OIDs from the beginning, checking whether
it recognizes/likes the OID.  Portable applications that ask
for the default mechanism will supply GSS_C_NO_OID_SET to gss_acquire_cred()
or GSS_C_NO_OID to gss_init_sec_context() and leave the selection
entirely up to the gssapi mechanism implementation.

Similarily, a gssapi mechanism _may_ honor the order of mechanism OIDs
in a gss_OID_set passed to gss_acquire_cred() as a local matter.
There is no requirement for either behaviour in the spec, permitting both.
And for gssapi multimechanisms that have no negotiation capabilities,
using the first mechanism OID from the list of OIDs supplied by the
application would be a sensible choice for a gssapi mechanism.


> 
> As to the SPNEGO interfaces, if we want order to matter (we do) and if
> there aren't any implementations of the rfc2478 interfaces or none that
> apps developers are likely to encounter then we should either change
> those interfaces to use SEQUENCE OF or deprecate and replace them with
> interfaces that use SEQUENCE OF.

The Sesame guys (which authored the SNEGO document) have
an implementation, even if they don't speak up here.   

But I really don't understand your problem with the current definition.
There's really no need to be formally anal about the language that
rfc2743/44 used to describe an array of OIDs.  You are artificially
creating problems where there are none in reality.

If there was a SEQUENCE OF data type, then logically one would expect
misc functions similar to gss_add_oid_set_member() to go with it,
and that would be excessive spec and code bloat.


> 
> Regardless of whether the C-bindings gss_OID_set_desc type was meant for
> dual use or was abused now that we know we need SEQUENCE OF for SPNEGO's
> interfaces we do need to clarify the use of SET OF vs.  SEQUENCE OF in
> the C bindings.

It's actually not abuse, but creative use.

All of the flexibility in GSS-API that permitted to define v2 in
a backward compatible fashion to v1 was from *NOT* being anal about
elements already in the spec.

The guideline behind GSS-API architecture is to define rules ONLY
where absolutely necessary for interoperability, and to leave everything
else to the creativity of the implementors ("local matter").

The use of gss_OID_set for both, mathematical unordered sets or for
ordered lists depending on the context where they're used and whether
it makes sense is in perfect harmony with GSS-API traditions.

-Martin



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On Tue, Dec 21, 2004 at 01:39:23AM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> >>>>> "Nicolas" == Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> writes:
> 
>     Nicolas> On Tue, Dec 21, 2004 at 01:54:05AM +0100, Martin Rex
>     Nicolas> wrote:
>     Nicolas> As to the SPNEGO interfaces, if we want order to matter
>     Nicolas> (we do) and if there aren't any implementations of the
>     Nicolas> rfc2478 interfaces or none that apps developers are
>     Nicolas> likely to encounter then we should either change those
>     Nicolas> interfaces to use SEQUENCE OF or deprecate and replace
>     Nicolas> them with interfaces that use SEQUENCE OF.
> 
> Since when did GSSAPI use ASN.1 as its data model?  This claim seems
> missing from the text in the same way that any specific reference to
> order of oid set members is missing.
> 
> >From my point of view, I can think of several implications of assuming
> that GSS-API does not use ASN.1 as its data model.  First, allowing
> the set type to be ordered might be a reasonable thing to do.  Second,
> it means we should be more explicit both in our descriptions both on
> the list and in our documents of what the properties of abstract data
> types we use are.

RFC2743 treats SET OF as just that: a set.  The constructor for SET OF
specifically describes set semantics.

Either the original API used the word "SET" to mean "list" or "SEQUENCE"
or what have you and a mistake was made in later adding text that
supported set semantics, or folks have been sloppy in allowing for list
semantics where the spec called for set semantics.

> 
> I'm not proposing a specific solution for the document, but I am
> proposing that we be more explicit of what we mean by a certain data
> type in our on-list discussions.

We should, indeed, be more careful around set vs. list types and
semantics.  At minimum I'd like to see C bindings for the SPNEGO
functions.

Nico
-- 

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On Tue, Dec 21, 2004 at 04:24:21PM +0100, Martin Rex wrote:
> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> > 
> > They don't.  Nothing about the text of RFC2743 about
> > GSS_Indicate_mechs(), GSS_Acquire_cred(), GSS_Add_cred() or
> > GSS_Inquire*() says anything about order in the SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER
> > input or output parameters, never mind its significance.
> 
> A lot of things in GSS-API are "a local matter", i.e. unspecified
> at the generic level and left up to individual gssapi implementations.

Sure, and order in gss_OID_set's output by the GSS framework in some GSS
implementation is, indeed one of those, since there must be an order,
but that applies only to the C binding of the generic SET OF.

What about other languages, ones that provide native types suitable for
use in modelling sets, ones which may not provide a canonical order of a
set's elements or whose canonical order is not what you might expect?
How might a designer translate SET OF from rfc2743 to some new
programming language?

> When a gssapi mechanism implements more than a single mechanism
> or mechanism variant, i.e. when gss_indicate_mechs() returns more
> than a single mechanism OID, then all mechanisms that I know put
> "their" preferred mechanism OID as the first entry in the gss_OID_set.

What if there is no preferred mechanism?

> All gssapi mechanism that I've seen which offer more than a single
> gssapi mechanism OID do that, including MIT Kerberos 5.

MIT offers two OIDs for the same mechanism.  And though one of those is
obsolete, which makes the other preferred, it is still the same
mechanism.

There are better examples.  Solaris' libgss' gss_indicate_mechs()
outputs an OID set where order reflects the order of entries in the
/etc/gss/mech configuration file -- talk about local policy!  In this
example the order is left not to the implementor but to the site.

Moreover, on Solaris it is actually possible to have credentials for
more than one mechanism be available for any one principal/user, in
which case knowing which is preferred tells you nothing about which
mechanism your peers might have credentials for.

Order really is not relevant to the gss_indicate_mechs().  (MIT's krb5
gss mechanism should really stop indicating the old OID.  And if you
bring SPKM, with its three variants, into the picture, then I will argue
that the application needs a priori knowledge of the difference between
them to pick one or it can pick one blindly, with or without "local"
help.)

> There has been an expectation that an application which picks a
> mechanism OID from the list returned by gss_indicate_mechs() might
> process the list of OIDs from the beginning, checking whether
> it recognizes/likes the OID.  Portable applications that ask
> for the default mechanism will supply GSS_C_NO_OID_SET to gss_acquire_cred()
> or GSS_C_NO_OID to gss_init_sec_context() and leave the selection
> entirely up to the gssapi mechanism implementation.

The first part is true of C applications.  In other languages set
enumeration might non-deterministic, and the same can be simulated in C.

I agree as to the second part, that rfc2743 is clear as to what
GSS_C_NULL_OID means, that a local default may be used as a result, and
it is clear that SET OF means 'set'.

> Similarily, a gssapi mechanism _may_ honor the order of mechanism OIDs
> in a gss_OID_set passed to gss_acquire_cred() as a local matter.
> There is no requirement for either behaviour in the spec, permitting both.
> And for gssapi multimechanisms that have no negotiation capabilities,
> using the first mechanism OID from the list of OIDs supplied by the
> application would be a sensible choice for a gssapi mechanism.

Applications can negotiate too.  Examples of Internet protocols that do
include NFSv3 and v4 and Secure Shell version 2.

> 
> > 
> > As to the SPNEGO interfaces, if we want order to matter (we do) and if
> > there aren't any implementations of the rfc2478 interfaces or none that
> > apps developers are likely to encounter then we should either change
> > those interfaces to use SEQUENCE OF or deprecate and replace them with
> > interfaces that use SEQUENCE OF.
> 
> The Sesame guys (which authored the SNEGO document) have
> an implementation, even if they don't speak up here.   

Thanks.

> But I really don't understand your problem with the current definition.
> There's really no need to be formally anal about the language that
> rfc2743/44 used to describe an array of OIDs.  You are artificially
> creating problems where there are none in reality.

There are more programming language bindings for the GSS-API than those
standardized at the IETF (e.g., Perl5 bindings).  Developers of such
bindings may not understand that you want list semantics out of
rfc2743's SET OF because none of the text in the spec indicates as much.
That's a problem, and I think we should fix it.

> If there was a SEQUENCE OF data type, then logically one would expect
> misc functions similar to gss_add_oid_set_member() to go with it,
> and that would be excessive spec and code bloat.

I wouldn't mind a SET OF type that can be safely typecast to SEQUENCE
OF, both in the generic API and in the C bindings.  Or at least
clarification of what rfc2743 means by SET OF.

Nico
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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 21 13:03:57 2004
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Subject: Re: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO) I-D
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>>>>> "Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:

    Martin> Nicolas Williams wrote:
    >>  > The GSS-API spec uses only a single data type to pass more
    >> than > a single OID between gssapi mechanism and application,
    >> and that > data type is called "SET OF OBJECT IDENTIFIER" by
    >> rfc2743.
    >> > 
    >> > In most cases, this should be considered a SET, meaning that
    >> if you > want to check for a particular OID, you'll have to
    >> check all members.
    >> > 
    >> > However, this convention was never meant to preclude the
    >> (ab)use of > this datatype to convey a list of OIDs ordered by
    >> preference.
    >> 
    >> Abuse indeed.  To build a gss_OID_set without resorting to
    >> gss_add_oid_set_member() means not being able to use
    >> gss_release_oid_set() to release it, and re-ordering a set's
    >> elements array after building it with gss_add_oid_set_member()
    >> is icky.

    Martin> No-one in their right minds uses gss_add_oid_set_member().
    Martin> I mean that.  For most purposes an automatic or static
    Martin> gss_OID_set is perfectly sufficient.  

I think Nico and I have both worked on code bases that use
gss_add_oid_set_member.  In my case it was ssh.  I believe that was
clearly the right decision for that code base.

I think I'm in my right mind, although I'll realize that sometimes you
probably disagree.;)

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On Tue, Dec 21, 2004 at 12:49:01PM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
> I think Nico and I have both worked on code bases that use
> gss_add_oid_set_member.  In my case it was ssh.  I believe that was
> clearly the right decision for that code base.

SSHv2, SPNEGO, SASL, internally libgss, mech_krb5; RPCSEC_GSS and NFS
code bases could make use of it, and probably should.

> I think I'm in my right mind, although I'll realize that sometimes you
> probably disagree.;)

:)

Nico
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On Tue, Dec 21, 2004 at 11:33:15AM -0600, Nicolas Williams wrote:
> I wouldn't mind a SET OF type that can be safely typecast to SEQUENCE
> OF, both in the generic API and in the C bindings.  Or at least
> clarification of what rfc2743 means by SET OF.

I would also be happy to leave RFC2743 mostly as is and clarify that for
some language bindings OID sets order may be significant and clarify
that for the C bindings it is.  This would resolve the SPNEGO issue for
me.

Nico
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Subject: Historical context matters was Re: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO) I-D
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To the participants of the Kitten Working Group:

I would like to take some of the heat out of this discussion.
I believe that there is too much talking at each other going on
and not enough talking to each other.

There is clearly a significant difference of viewpoint in this
discussion.  In my opinion, the differences of viewpoint are
similar to what happens when Congress passes a law and then
prosecutors attempt to apply it a century later.  The context
has changed and therefore the modern interpretation of the law
clashes with the intentions of the original authors.  When
applying laws it is therefore crucial for judges to review the
original discussions surrounding the passing of the law; the
original context within which the law was applied; and the
cases to which the law was applied.  This is done to determine
the actual intention of the law which is just as important as
the words which make up the text of the law.

In our world of protocol and api design we have documents
which have revision history and implementation history.  Only
by examining the current documents within their historical
context can we determine what the true meanings of the words
are.  The vast majority of our protocol documents have unwritten
assumptions in them which can only be determined by looking at
the implementations based upon the documents available at a
specific point in time.

One of our challenges in this space is that the vast majority
of us working on these documents (1) do not have access to the
old implementations in order to see what assumptions were made;
and (2) do not have the benefit of being involved in the discussions
surrounding their publication.  For this we *must* defer to those
participants who have greater historical knowledge to inform us
when the assumptions we are making clash with the assumptions
which were made when the documents were originally published.
Martin is our connection to the past and I would appreciate it
if people would respect that role he is providing for us.  It
really is an important one.

I also ask Martin to respect that the viewpoints of the rest of
us are colored by our lack of intimate knowledge with the
implementation history of gss api v1 and the assumptions which
were made at that time and throughout the update process to gss api
v2.

It is my opinion that conversations in this space devolve into
long threads in talking at each other because the basis for the
conversation from each party are unspoken assumptions which in
many cases have no overlap.

<end of monologue>

I believe that by reading between the lines of this thread it
is possible to put the conversation back on track.

Martin has highlighted the fact that in certain contexts within
GSSAPIv1 and its successors, the order of OIDs did matter.  At
the time all "SET OF" constructions were static in nature.

Martin has pointed out that gss_add_oid_set_member() was added
in v2.  Nico points out that gss_add_oid_set_member() does not
provide for the creation of ordered "SET OF" constructions.

Martin has stated that this oversight in the addition of 
gss_add_oid_set_member() is acceptable because it is not used in
practice.

Here is where things begin to breakdown badly and the discussion
has taken a turn into the use or abuse of ASN.1 types and C data
structures; whether new types are needed; whether the use of old
types for multiple semantic contexts was right or wrong; etc.

It sounds to me that we are suffering here from there being
undocumented assumptions on various GSSAPI operations which can
only be determined by historical review of the documents and
the implementations which were based on them.

Before we can have a rationale discussion we need to know from
the historical context:

1) which GSS API functions consider the order of OIDs in a SET OF
    to be important?

2) for what explicit purpose as gss_add_oid_set_member() added.
    if it was never meant to be used it would not have been added,
    therefore the addition must have had some purpose in mind.
    what were the undocumented restrictions on the use of this
    function?

3) are the undocumented restrictions on gss_add_oid_set_member()
    in conflict with the gss api functions included in (1) above?

4) was the data model for GSS API meant to be that of ASN.1?
    if not, what was the data model?

Next, the discussion has taken a turn to focus on types and
whether or not the use of types in the past was poor judgment
and whether or not we need new ones.  It seems apparent to me
that there was a decision (conscious or not) to reuse existing
types to represent both ordered and unordered lists of OIDs.

I wonder if the group should be discussing the need to add a
new function gss_add_oid_set_member_at_pos() which would allow
for the construction of dynamic ordered lists using the existing
data structures instead of the currently produced unordered sets.

Jeffrey Altman

P.S. - I apologize for the length of this e-mail.


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Date: Tue, 21 Dec 2004 14:10:37 -0600
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
To: Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu>
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Subject: Re: Historical context matters was Re: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO)
	I-D
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Indeed, the normative GSS-APIv2u1 spec (rfc2743) doesn't speak about the
relevance of order in OID sets, but the historical context of the C
bindings supports the notion that sometimes the order of elements in the
C bindings type for OID sets does matter.

I think we should consider clarifying when and where in the generic API
the order of the elements of a set of OIDs matters, may matter or does
not matter.

I think we should provide guidance for those who want to develop new
bindings of the generic API.

SPNEGO's generic interfaces should require that order matter.  I would
like that to be emphasized by use of "SEQUENCE OF" or, if you prefer,
and to emphasize that ASN.1 is not a normative model, "LIST OF," instead
of "SET OF."  Further, and to avoid confusion, I think the language
bindings, for C and Java at least, of those generic SPNEGO interfaces
should be included, either in Larry's I-D or in a separate I-D so that
there is no confusion as to what "SEQUENCE OF" maps to in those
languages.

Nico
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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Dec 21 15:37:16 2004
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Date: Tue, 21 Dec 2004 15:35:55 -0500
From: Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu>
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Subject: Re: Historical context matters was Re: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO)
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Nicolas Williams wrote:

> Indeed, the normative GSS-APIv2u1 spec (rfc2743) doesn't speak about the
> relevance of order in OID sets, but the historical context of the C
> bindings supports the notion that sometimes the order of elements in the
> C bindings type for OID sets does matter.
> 
> I think we should consider clarifying when and where in the generic API
> the order of the elements of a set of OIDs matters, may matter or does
> not matter.
>
> I think we should provide guidance for those who want to develop new
> bindings of the generic API.

I agree with both of these shoulds but they are not going to occur in
time for SPNEGO.

> SPNEGO's generic interfaces should require that order matter.  I would
> like that to be emphasized by use of "SEQUENCE OF" or, if you prefer,
> and to emphasize that ASN.1 is not a normative model, "LIST OF," instead
> of "SET OF."  Further, and to avoid confusion, I think the language
> bindings, for C and Java at least, of those generic SPNEGO interfaces
> should be included, either in Larry's I-D or in a separate I-D so that
> there is no confusion as to what "SEQUENCE OF" maps to in those
> languages.

I agree that we have made decisions which require that the order of the 
OIDs in the mechList matters.  I can certainly imagine a SPNEGO in which 
the order does not matter.  However, that is not an issue here as 2478
clearly states that the mechList is an ordered list.

I agree that to avoid confusion that providing C and Java Bindings
either as part of this document or as part of an associated document
would be a good idea.  Let's start with providing them as a secondary
"SPNEGO C, Java, and C# Language Bindings" document and see how quickly 
we can come to consensus on it.

Jeffrey Altman



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Subject: Re: Historical context matters was Re: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO)
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On Tue, Dec 21, 2004 at 03:35:55PM -0500, Jeffrey Altman wrote:
> I agree with both of these shoulds but they are not going to occur in
> time for SPNEGO.

If we agree to pursue language bindings for the SPNEGO interfaces then
we can avoid delaying SPNEGO for other generic clarifications.

> I agree that to avoid confusion that providing C and Java Bindings
> either as part of this document or as part of an associated document
> would be a good idea.  Let's start with providing them as a secondary
> "SPNEGO C, Java, and C# Language Bindings" document and see how quickly 
> we can come to consensus on it.

Thanks.

Nico
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Subject: Re: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO) I-D
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>>>>> "Martin" == Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> writes:

    Martin> Sam Hartman wrote:
    >>
    Martin> No-one in their right minds uses gss_add_oid_set_member().
    Martin> I mean that.  For most purposes an automatic or static
    Martin> gss_OID_set is perfectly sufficient.
    >>  I think Nico and I have both worked on code bases that use
    >> gss_add_oid_set_member.  In my case it was ssh.  I believe that
    >> was clearly the right decision for that code base.
    >> 
    >> I think I'm in my right mind, although I'll realize that
    >> sometimes you probably disagree.;)
 
    Martin> I'm sorry for my language.  It was definitely
    Martin> inapproriate.

I did not take offense and did not think any was intended.  I was
mostly trying to point out that there seem to be multiple different
sets of people using GSS-API with different sets of assumptions.  As
we work through these specs we are going to run into cases where
something that is obvious to some of us is not obvious to others.

I think what we should do in these instances is:

1) Revise specs to document all the ways of doing things we are aware of.

2) If after considering the options it seems like we want to recommend
    one of them, do so.

I find these discussions quite interesting because it helps us all
understand how GSS-API is used.  It also reminds us that we'll never
know all the uses to which our technologies are put.



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Subject: Re: comments on 2478bis (SPNEGO) I-D
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Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
>     Martin> No-one in their right minds uses gss_add_oid_set_member().
>     Martin> I mean that.  For most purposes an automatic or static
>     Martin> gss_OID_set is perfectly sufficient.  
> 
> I think Nico and I have both worked on code bases that use
> gss_add_oid_set_member.  In my case it was ssh.  I believe that was
> clearly the right decision for that code base.
> 
> I think I'm in my right mind, although I'll realize that sometimes you
> probably disagree.;)
 
I'm sorry for my language.
It was definitely inapproriate.


What I actually meant to say is, that if gss_add_oid_set_member is not
part of your own codebase which you always link directly, then you're
much better off by rolling gss_OID_sets on your own -- and in most
cases you will not need them to be dynamic anyways.

As soon as you write code that may or will get used with arbitrary
gssapi mechanisms (i.e. a portable application), then it would not
be wise to reject a gssapi v1 mechanism only because it doesn't
offer gss_create_empty_oid_set/gss_add_oid_set_member/gss_test_oid_set_member
API calls, simply because those calls are entirely mechanism *in*dependent.

I agree that they might be useful *IF* one fiddles around with gss_OID_set
quite a lot, but quite often, a much smaller, less complex and always
available (directly linked) approach makes more sense (for apps).

A mechanism or a mechanism glue layer that implements and exposes those
fuctions is likely going to use them itself.  (Although I would
discourage to call exposed API functions from inside of a module, at least
for more complex functions than those OID_set support routines).


-Martin


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Hi,

I would like to submit the attached draft
(draft-ietf-kitten-gssapi-rfc2853-update-for-csharp-00.txt) for
consideration. The draft covers suggested updates to RFC2853 to allow it
to also describe proposed C# bindings for GSS-API.

Thank you for your help,

Juan Carlos Luciani (jluciani@novell.com)
Novell, Inc.

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NETWORK WORKING GROUP                                         J. Luciani
INTERNET-DRAFT                                              Novell, Inc.
Expires: June 24, 2005                                 December 22, 2004

                       GSS-API V2: Java & C# Bindings
            draft-ietf-kitten-gssapi-rfc2853-update-for-csharp-00

Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions
   of section 3 of RFC 3667.  By submitting this Internet-Draft, each
   author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of
   which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of
   which he or she become aware will be disclosed, in accordance with
   RFC 3668.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as
   Internet-Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This Internet-Draft will expire on May 26, 2005.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).

Abstract

   The Generic Security Services Application Program Interface (GSS-API)
   offers application programmers uniform access to security services
   atop a variety of underlying cryptographic mechanisms. This document
   proposes an update to Generic Security Service API Version 
   2: Java Bindings [RFC2853], to include C# bindings.
   
   The proposed updates are documented as additions to be merged into
   section 4 of RFC 2853.





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Internet-Draft       GSS-API V2: Java & C# Bindings        December 2004


Table of Contents

   1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
   2. Additions to Section 4 of RFC 2853 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
      2.1   New Section 4.17 - Title: C# Modifications . . . . . . . . 4
      2.2   New Section 4.17.1 - Title: C# Assembly Name . . . . . . . 4
      2.3   New Section 4.17.2 - Title: C# Class Definitions . . . . . 4
      2.4   New Section 4.17.3 - Title: C# Data Types. . . . . . . . . 4
      2.5   New Section 4.17.4 - Title: C# Exception Handling. . . . . 4
      2.6   New Section 4.17.5: Title: C# Example Code . . . . . . . . 5
   3. IANA Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
   4. Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
   5. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
   6. Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
   7. Intellectual Property Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   8. Disclaimer of Validity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   9. Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10


































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Internet-Draft       GSS-API V2: Java & C# Bindings        December 2004


1.    Introduction

   This document specifies modifications to RFC 2853, Generic Security
   Service API Version 2: Java Bindings, that will allow it to also
   document C# bindings for GSS-API V2.
   
   The C# language has recently gained much popularity with the advent
   of the .NET and the Mono frameworks. The C# GSS-API bindings aim to
   allow C# application developers to leverage the security services
   of the API from within those frameworks.
    
   The design goal of the C# GSS-API was to adhere to the definition of
   the Java GSS-API as much as possible to leverage the work that has
   been done on it and to ease the transition of Java application
   developers to the C# environment. The following section describes
   additions that when merged with the contents of RFC 2853 should
   result in a document that covers both the Java and C# bindings of
   GSS-API [RFC2743]. 




































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2.0   Additions to Section 4 of RFC 2853

2.1   New Section 4.17 - Title: C# Modifications

   This section describes the language dependent modifications necessary
   to implement the interface in C#. 
   
2.2   New Section 4.17.1 - Title: C# Assembly Name

   The C# namespace is org.ietf.gss. See section 4.17.5 for an example.
   
2.3   New Section 4.17.2 - Title: C# Class Definitions
   
   All class definitions & methods remain the same as specified in the 
   Java bindings.
   
2.4   New Section 4.17.3 - Title: C# Data Types

   All data types remain the same.

2.5   New Section 4.17.4 - Title: C# Exception Handling

   All exception codes remain the same as specified in the Java
   bindings. However, C# does not have a 'throws' statement. Therefore,
   method prototypes do not include the exception type. For example,
   
   Java method prototype :
   
      public abstract GSSName createName(String nameStr, Oid nameType)
         throws GSSException;
  
   Equivalent C# method prototype :
  
      public abstract GSSName createName(String nameStr, Oid nameType);
    
   C# does implement the throw and catch keywords, for example:
   
      public class GSSName createName(String nameStr, Oid nameType)
      {
         int majorCode = 0;
         ...
         
         majorCode = validateParms(nameStr, nameType);
         
         if (majorCode)
            throw new GSSException(majorCode);
            
         ...
      }


Luciani                   Expires June 24, 2005                 [Page 4]

Internet-Draft       GSS-API V2: Java & C# Bindings        December 2004


2.6   New Section 4.17.5: Title: C# Example Code

   Client example : 
   
   using ietf.org.gss;

   class GssapiClient
   {
      private static TcpClient client;
      private static NetworkStream stream;

	   static void Main(string[] args)
	   {
		   Connect("127.0.0.1", "message from client");

	   try
	   {
	      GSSManager manager = GSSManager.getInstance();

	      Oid krb5Mechanism = new Oid("1.2.840.113554.1.2.2");
	      Oid krb5PrincipalNameType = new Oid("1.2.840.113554.1.2.2.1");

	      // Optionally Identify who the client wishes to be
	      // GSSName name = manager.createName("test@gsserver",
         //                                   GSSName.NT_USER_NAME);
      	
	      // Obtain default credential
	      GSSCredential userCreds =
            manager.createCredential(GSSCredential.INITIATE_ONLY);
	      GSSName name = userCreds.getName(krb5PrincipalNameType);

	      Console.WriteLine(
            "Just acquired credentials for " + name.toString());

	      int acceptLife =
            userCreds.getRemainingAcceptLifetime(new Oid("2.3.4"));
	      int initLife =
            userCreds.getRemainingInitLifetime(new Oid("1..3."));
	      int remLife =
            userCreds.getRemainingLifetime();
	      int usage =
            userCreds.getUsage();
   	   
	      GSSName namea = userCreds.getName();
	      Oid[] oa = userCreds.getMechs();






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Internet-Draft       GSS-API V2: Java & C# Bindings        December 2004
         
         
         // Instantiate and initialize a security context that will be
         // established with the server
	      GSSContext context = manager.createContext(name,
						      krb5Mechanism,
						      userCreds,
						      GSSContext.DEFAULT_LIFETIME);

	      userCreds.dispose();

	      // Optionally Set Context Options, must be done
         // before iniSecContext call.
	      context.requestMutualAuth(true);
	      context.requestConf(true);
	      context.requestInteg(true);
	      context.requestSequenceDet(true);
	      context.requestCredDeleg(true);

	      MemoryStream ins = new MemoryStream();
	      MemoryStream outs = new MemoryStream();

	      // loop until context is setup and no more tokens to receive
	      while (!context.isEstablished())
	      {
   	      outs = new MemoryStream();
	         context.initSecContext(ins, outs);

	         // send token if present
	         if (outs.Length > 0)
	         {
		         Console.WriteLine("Sending token...");
		         sendToken(outs);
	         }

	         // check if we should expect more tokens
	         if (context.isEstablished())
		         break;

	         // another token expected from peer
	         Console.WriteLine(
               "Still expecting another token from server...");
	         ins = recvToken();
	      }

	      //
	      // display context information
	      //





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	      // Did the server authenticate back to client?
	      Console.WriteLine("\n{0} Mutual Authentication", 
	      context.getMutualAuthState() ? "Using" : "Not using");
	      Console.WriteLine("Credentials were delegated = " 
   	      + context.getCredDelegState());
	      Console.WriteLine("Remaining lifetime in seconds = " 
	         + context.getLifetime());
	      Console.WriteLine("Context mechanism = " + context.getMech());
	      Console.WriteLine("Initiator = "
            + context.getSrcName().toString());
	      Console.WriteLine("Acceptor = "
            + context.getTargName().toString());
	      Console.WriteLine("Confidentiality (i.e., privacy)
            is {0}available", 
	      context.getConfState() ? "" : "not ");
	      Console.WriteLine("Integrity is {0}available", 
	      context.getIntegState() ? "" : "not ");
	      Console.WriteLine("Is initiator = " + context.isInitiator());
	      Console.WriteLine("Is transferable = "
            + context.isTransferable());
	      Console.WriteLine("Is protReady = "
            + context.isProtReady());
	      Console.WriteLine("ReplayDetState = " + 
	      context.getReplayDetState());
	      Console.WriteLine("SequenceDetState = " + 
	      context.getSequenceDetState());

	      // perform wrap on an application supplied message
	      // using QOP = 0, and requesting privacy service

	      MessageProp msgProp = new MessageProp(0, true);
	      byte [] message =
            System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("Hello GSS-API!");
	      byte [] token =
            System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("tok");

	      // Byte aray method is equivalent to stream method
	      //byte []token = context.wrap(message,
                                       0,
                                       appMsg.length,
                                       msgProp);
	      //sendToken(token);

	      ins = new MemoryStream();
	      outs = new MemoryStream();
	      ins.Write(token, 0, token.Length);
	      context.getMIC(ins, outs, msgProp);
	      sendToken(outs);



Luciani                   Expires June 24, 2005                 [Page 7]

Internet-Draft       GSS-API V2: Java & C# Bindings        December 2004


	      outs = new MemoryStream();
	      outs.Write(message, 0, message.Length);
	      sendToken(outs);

	      ins = new MemoryStream();
	      outs = new MemoryStream();
	      ins.Write(message, 0, message.Length);
	      context.wrap(ins, outs, msgProp);
	      sendToken(outs);

         // Optionally export context to another thead
	      GSSContext ctx = manager.createContext(context.export());
	      Console.WriteLine("New context isTransferable = "
            + ctx.isTransferable());
	      Console.WriteLine("New context isInitiator = "
            + ctx.isInitiator());
	      Console.WriteLine("New context protReady = " 
            + ctx.isProtReady());
	      Console.WriteLine("New context srcName = " 
            + ctx.getSrcName().toString());
	      Console.WriteLine("New context targName = " 
            + ctx.getTargName().toString());

	      // release the local-end of the context
	      ctx.dispose();

	      stream.Close();
	      Console.WriteLine("Leaving...");
	   }
	   catch (GSSException e)
	   {
	      Console.WriteLine(e.getMessage());
	      Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
	   }
	}
















Luciani                   Expires June 24, 2005                 [Page 8]

Internet-Draft       GSS-API V2: Java & C# Bindings        December 2004


3. IANA Considerations

   This document has no actions for IANA.

4. Acknowledgments

   The author would like to thank the following:
   
   Corby Morris who wrote the original version of this document and is
   the creator of the C# GSS-API bindings.
   
   Jeff Altman for his support and suggestions.
   
   Kabat, J. and Upadhyay, M. for writing the Generic Security Service
   API Version 2 : Java Bindings specification [RFC2743] that
   constitutes the basis of this work.
   
   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
   Internet Society.

5. Normative References

   [RFC2743]  Linn, J., "Generic Security Service Application Program
              Interface Version 2, Update 1", RFC 2743, January 2000.
              
   [RFC2853]  Kabat, J. and Upadhyay, M., "Generic Security Service API
              Version 2 : Java Bindings", RFC 2853, June 2000.

6. Authors' Addresses

   Juan Carlos Luciani
   Novell, Inc.
   1800 South Novell Place
   Provo, Utah  84606
   US

   EMail: jluciani@novell.com














Luciani                   Expires June 24, 2005                 [Page 9]

Internet-Draft       GSS-API V2: Java & C# Bindings        December 2004


7. Intellectual Property Statement

   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
   Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
   might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
   made any independent effort to identify any such rights.  Information
   on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
   found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
   assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
   attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
   such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
   specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
   http://www.ietf.org/ipr.

   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
   rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
   this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF at
   ietf-ipr@ietf.org.


8. Disclaimer of Validity

   This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
   OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
   ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
   INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
   INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.


9. Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004).  This document is subject
   to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and
   except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.










Luciani                   Expires June 24, 2005                [Page 10]


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Meant to point this out earlier:

2.2   New Section 4.17.1 - Title: C# Assembly Name

    The C# namespace is org.ietf.gss. See section 4.17.5 for an example.

2.6   New Section 4.17.5: Title: C# Example Code

    Client example :

    using ietf.org.gss;

The names aren't consistent.

In sections 2.5, 2.6, and 4, remove the space before the colon in text 
(e.g., after "example" above).

Ken


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Kitten (GSS-API Next Generation) Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: A PRF API extension for the GSS-API
	Author(s)	: N. Williams
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-gssapi-prf-01.txt
	Pages		: 9
	Date		: 2004-12-27
	
This document defines a Pseudo-Random Function (PRF) extension to the
   Generic Security Service Applicatoin Programming Interface (GSS-API)
   for keying application protocols given an established GSS-API
   security context.  The primary intended use of this function is to
   key secure session layers that don't or cannot use GSS-API
   per-message MIC (message integrity check) and wrap tokens for session
   protection.

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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Kitten (GSS-API Next Generation) Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: A PRF for the Kerberos V GSS-API Mechanism
	Author(s)	: N. Williams
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-krb5-gssapi-prf-01.txt
	Pages		: 7
	Date		: 2004-12-27
	
This document defines the Pseudo-Random Function (PRF) for the
   Kerberos V GSS-API mechanism, based on the PRF defined for the
   Kerberos V cryptographic framework, for keying application protocols
   given an established Kerberos V GSS-API security context.

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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
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	Title		: GSS-API V2: Java & C# Bindings
	Author(s)	: J. Luciani
	Filename	: draft-ietf-kitten-gssapi-rfc2853-update-for-csharp-00.txt
	Pages		: 10
	Date		: 2004-12-27
	
The Generic Security Services Application Program Interface (GSS-API)
   offers application programmers uniform access to security services
   atop a variety of underlying cryptographic mechanisms. This document
   proposes an update to Generic Security Service API Version 
   2: Java Bindings [RFC2853], to include C# bindings.
   
   The proposed updates are documented as additions to be merged into
   section 4 of RFC 2853.

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Hi - I've got a few comments on the current draft; most of them are 
pretty minor.

1)  [ Section 4.2.1 : negTokenInit ]
 
1.1)  Extension marker.
Is the extension marker in NegTokenInit really necessary?  If future 
implementations need extra fields, wouldn't it be better to  define a 
new type and use a different OID in the  initialContextToken?

1.2)  mechTypes.
MAY mechTypes contain the OID for SPNEGO?  (I'd say MUST NOT).

2)  [Section 4.2.1 : ContextFlags ]
  Since context flags are now deprecated, it would be a good idea to add 
a SIZE constraint on the BIT STRING. 
ContextFlags ::= BIT STRING {<blah>} (SIZE(7))

3) [Section 4.2.2 : negTokenResp ]
    Is the extension marker necessary? If it is, should there also be an 
extension marker in negState?

4) Add appendix D, with all the ASN.1 (and no page breaks/headers).
[attached]

5)  [Section 5 - mechListMIC ]
 5.1) "Most Preferred Mechanism". How does the acceptor know what the 
most preferred mechanism of the initiator is? 
What happens if Mallet deletes all offered mechanisms that support integ 
from the intial token? By (5) (b)(III), this will COMPLETE without 
signalling any error. 

 5.2) How can a generic implementation know ahead of time whether a 
mechanism supports integrity?   This is just a subset of the bigger 
problem of negotiating QOP/Strength, etc. 
   
Of course, since the only mechanism I care about is Kerberos, I can 
ignore the problem for now :)

6) SET OF is really annoying, especially if you're using DER or PER;  in 
this case,  it's not that bad since the SET's don't go over the wire, 
but  I still hate them anyway (LDAP is fetid with the buggers).  It's 
not like there aren't any other, er, creative uses of ASN.1 in GSSAPI 
already...

7)  The target should be allowed to  send a negTokenInit before exchange.
When using HTTP Negotiate authentication the target is usually the one 
to suggest doing GSSAPI.  If the server was allowed to supply a 
negTokenInit with its preferred mechanisms list, we can potentially save 
a round trip if the initiator would have guessed wrong.  Would this 
break any existing implementations?

8) SPNEGO is an anagram of SPONGE.

Simon

--------------090701000504040406090105
Content-Type: text/plain;
 name="spnego-bis.asn"
Content-Disposition: inline;
 filename="spnego-bis.asn"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

SPNEGOASNOneSpec {
          iso(1) identified-organization(3) dod(6) internet(1)
          security(5) mechanism(5) snego (2) modules(4) spec2(2)
} DEFINITIONS EXPLICIT TAGS ::= BEGIN

MechType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER
	-- OID represents each security mechanism as suggested by
	-- [RFC2743]

MechTypeList ::= SEQUENCE OF MechType

NegotiationToken ::= CHOICE {
	negTokenInit    [0] NegTokenInit,
	negTokenResp    [1] negTokenResp
}

NegTokenInit ::= SEQUENCE {
	mechTypes       [0] MechTypeList,
	reqFlags        [1] ContextFlags  OPTIONAL,
	-- maintained from RFC 2478 for backward compatibility,
	-- RECOMMENDED to be left out
	mechToken       [2] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
	mechListMIC     [3] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
	...
}

ContextFlags ::= BIT STRING {
	delegFlag       (0),
	mutualFlag      (1),
	replayFlag      (2),
	sequenceFlag    (3),
	anonFlag        (4),
	confFlag        (5),
	integFlag       (6)
}

NegTokenResp ::= SEQUENCE {
	negState       [0] ENUMERATED {
               accept_completed    (0),
               accept_incomplete   (1),
               reject              (2),
               request_mic         (3)
	}                                 OPTIONAL,
	-- REQUIRED in the first reply from the target
	supportedMech   [1] MechType      OPTIONAL,
	-- present only in the first reply from the target
	responseToken   [2] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
	mechListMIC     [3] OCTET STRING  OPTIONAL,
	...
}


END

--------------090701000504040406090105
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

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Date: Wed, 29 Dec 2004 22:35:57 -0600
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
To: Simon Spero <ses@unc.edu>
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On Wed, Dec 29, 2004 at 09:59:52PM -0500, Simon Spero wrote:
> Hi - I've got a few comments on the current draft; most of them are 
> pretty minor.
> 
> 1)  [ Section 4.2.1 : negTokenInit ]
> 
> 1.1)  Extension marker.
> Is the extension marker in NegTokenInit really necessary?  If future 
> implementations need extra fields, wouldn't it be better to  define a 
> new type and use a different OID in the  initialContextToken?

As there would be no way to negotiate a negotiation mechanism I'd answer
yes to the first question and no to the second.

> 1.2)  mechTypes.
> MAY mechTypes contain the OID for SPNEGO?  (I'd say MUST NOT).

Does it matter?  As long as it isn't selected... (and if it is I'm sure
implementors will quickly realize that that doesn't work!).

But yes, a note about recursion avoidance would be nice.

> 2)  [Section 4.2.1 : ContextFlags ]
>  Since context flags are now deprecated, it would be a good idea to add 
> a SIZE constraint on the BIT STRING. 
> ContextFlags ::= BIT STRING {<blah>} (SIZE(7))

Perhaps.  It would help reject malformed messages sooner, before
allocating large buffers for large context flags bit strings, but since
there can't really be a small constraint on the size of the mechanism
token octet strings I don't think it would make much difference.
Wyllys? Larry?

> 3) [Section 4.2.2 : negTokenResp ]
>    Is the extension marker necessary? If it is, should there also be an 
> extension marker in negState?

Yes to the first question (see above).

As to the second question, I made the same point earlier to Larry as I
recall.  IIRC Larry responded that in practice extension markers on that
enum wouldn't help as unknown values really must lead to failure.

> 4) Add appendix D, with all the ASN.1 (and no page breaks/headers).
> [attached]

Good point.

> 5)  [Section 5 - mechListMIC ]
> 5.1) "Most Preferred Mechanism". How does the acceptor know what the 
> most preferred mechanism of the initiator is? 

It's the first OID in the initiator's mechList.

> What happens if Mallet deletes all offered mechanisms that support integ 
> from the intial token? By (5) (b)(III), this will COMPLETE without 
> signalling any error. 

There's a security consideration w.r.t. the initiator offering, and the
acceptor being willing to accept, mechanisms that offer no integrity
protection support.

> 5.2) How can a generic implementation know ahead of time whether a 
> mechanism supports integrity?   This is just a subset of the bigger 
> problem of negotiating QOP/Strength, etc. 

See

draft-williams-gssapi-stackable-pseudo-mechs-00.txt

which is probably expired -- I'll submit a new version soon, as a KITTEN
work item.

That I-D proposes interfaces for discovering mechanisms' attributes.

Without such an extension applications have to hardcode such
information.  For example, SSHv2 has support for using the GSS-API for
user and host authentication, and it has its own method for mechanism
negotiation, so it forbids the use of SPNEGO, but since
GSS_Indicate_mechs() is free to indicate support for SPNEGO what is an
SSHv2 implementation to do but to hardcode the OID of SPNEGO and filter
it out from the list of mechanisms for which it has credentials for the
relevant principal?

> Of course, since the only mechanism I care about is Kerberos, I can 
> ignore the problem for now :)

If your application hardcodes mechanism OIDs, yes.

> 6) SET OF is really annoying, especially if you're using DER or PER;  in 
> this case,  it's not that bad since the SET's don't go over the wire, 
> but  I still hate them anyway (LDAP is fetid with the buggers).  It's 
> not like there aren't any other, er, creative uses of ASN.1 in GSSAPI 
> already...

No ASN.1 SET OF type is actually used in any SPNEGO messages or,
therefore, on the wire.

SET OF is only used in the generic description of the SPNEGO programming
interfaces, about which there was a long thread recently.

> 7)  The target should be allowed to  send a negTokenInit before exchange.
> When using HTTP Negotiate authentication the target is usually the one 
> to suggest doing GSSAPI.  If the server was allowed to supply a 
> negTokenInit with its preferred mechanisms list, we can potentially save 
> a round trip if the initiator would have guessed wrong.  Would this 
> break any existing implementations?

That would be a very different mechanism.

Nico
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>>>>> "Simon" == Simon Spero <ses@unc.edu> writes:


    Simon> Hi - I've got a few comments on the current draft; most of
    Simon> them are pretty minor.

Responding as an individual:

    Simon> 1) [ Section 4.2.1 : negTokenInit ] 1.1) Extension marker.
    Simon> Is the extension marker in NegTokenInit really necessary?
    Simon> If future implementations need extra fields, wouldn't it be
    Simon> better to define a new type and use a different OID in the
    Simon> initialContextToken?

No, there's really no way to negotiate the negotiation mechanism you
are using.  You want a way to send new fields that the receiver must
ignore.

    Simon> 1.2) mechTypes.  MAY mechTypes contain the OID for SPNEGO?
    Simon> (I'd say MUST NOT).

I agree, MUST NOT.

    Simon> 2) [Section 4.2.1 : ContextFlags ] Since context flags are
    Simon> now deprecated, it would be a good idea to add a SIZE
    Simon> constraint on the BIT STRING. ContextFlags ::= BIT STRING
    Simon> {<blah>} (SIZE(7))

Hmm.  I wonder if anyone gets minimal length of bitstrings wrong for
SPNEGO?

    Simon> 3) [Section 4.2.2 : negTokenResp ] Is the extension marker
    Simon> necessary? If it is, should there also be an extension
    Simon> marker in negState?

I think the question you should ask is whether adding the extension
marker is harmful.  Having an extension marker in negstate is fine,
provided that you implementations only to send extensions after
learning that the recipient supports them.

    Simon> 4) Add appendix D, with all the ASN.1 (and no page
    Simon> breaks/headers).  [attached]

You cannot have text without page breaks/headers in an RFC and
technically it is a violation of id-nits to do so in an
internet-draft.

    Simon> 5) [Section 5 - mechListMIC ] 5.1) "Most Preferred
    Simon> Mechanism". How does the acceptor know what the most
    Simon> preferred mechanism of the initiator is? 

It doesn't.  The procedure outlined insures that the initiator doesn't
return complete if a MIC is required and the most preferred mechanism
is not selected.

    Simon> What happens if
    Simon> Mallet deletes all offered mechanisms that support integ
    Simon> from the intial token? By (5) (b)(III), this will COMPLETE
    Simon> without signalling any error.

Yep, offering a mechanism without integrity means you are willing to
accept no integrity (and thus no protected negotiation)

    Simon>  5.2) How can a generic implementation know ahead of time
    Simon> whether a mechanism supports integrity?  This is just a
    Simon> subset of the bigger problem of negotiating QOP/Strength,
    Simon> etc.  Of course, since the only mechanism I care about is
    Simon> Kerberos, I can ignore the problem for now :)

Out of scope for this document; strictly speaking a SPNEGO You can
determine this after the context is established.  If you want to know
before say to decide what mechanisms to offer, current GSSAPI provides
no mechanism so you'll have to know the OIDs of some mechanisms that
support integrity.  This working group is chartered to solve that
problem too and Nico does have drafts in that space.

    Simon> 6) SET OF is really annoying, especially if you're using
    Simon> DER or PER; in this case, it's not that bad since the SET's
    Simon> don't go over the wire, but I still hate them anyway (LDAP
    Simon> is fetid with the buggers).  It's not like there aren't any
    Simon> other, er, creative uses of ASN.1 in GSSAPI already...

This is not an ASN.1 type; it is a GSSAPI type.

    Simon> 7) The target should be allowed to send a negTokenInit
    Simon> before exchange.  When using HTTP Negotiate authentication
    Simon> the target is usually the one to suggest doing GSSAPI.  If
    Simon> the server was allowed to supply a negTokenInit with its
    Simon> preferred mechanisms list, we can potentially save a round
    Simon> trip if the initiator would have guessed wrong.  Would this
    Simon> break any existing implementations?

GSSAPI always starts with an initiator (funny that).

    Simon> 8) SPNEGO is an anagram of SPONGE.

Good to know.

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Sam Hartman wrote:

>    Simon> 1) [ Section 4.2.1 : negTokenInit ] 1.1) Extension marker.
>    Simon> Is the extension marker in NegTokenInit really necessary?
>
>No, there's really no way to negotiate the negotiation mechanism you
>are using.  You want a way to send new fields that the receiver must
>ignore.
>  
>
The trouble with extension markers is that they can't be used for 
critical extensions, and those extensions are only labeled by tag.   
They're also not part of the MIC.   It might be better to reuse 
Extension(s) from PKIX.

>Hmm.  I wonder if anyone gets minimal length of bitstrings wrong for
>SPNEGO?
>  
>
Not so much getting the minimal length wrong as being able to use a 
different implementation strategy.  If a bit string has a fixed maximum 
size that can fit in an int, and is being used to indicate flags you can 
avoid having to create an indefinite length bit string.

BTW,  evil thought:  if one were to dynamically create an object 
identifier with a known prefix and whose last component was the integer 
value of the context flags, and added that to the end of the mechList, 
wouldn't that allow upgraded implementations to detect flag changes 
without breaking legacy apps?

>    Simon> 4) Add appendix D, with all the ASN.1 (and no page
>    Simon> breaks/headers).  [attached]
>
>You cannot have text without page breaks/headers in an RFC and
>technically it is a violation of id-nits to do so in an
>internet-draft.
>  
>
I meant to say 'no page breaks/headers in the middle of the code' :) 
It's a  peeve.

[MICS]

>It doesn't.  The procedure outlined insures that the initiator doesn't
>return complete if a MIC is required and the most preferred mechanism
>is not selected.
>  
>
(a)  "If the mechanism selected by the negotiation does not support 
integrity protection, then no mechlistMIC token is used.
(b)  "Otherwise, if the accepted mechanism is the most preferred 
mechanism of both the initiator and the  acceptor, then the MIC token 
exchange, as described later in this section, is OPTIONAL."
(c) "If no mechlistMIC token was included, and the MIC token exchange is 
not required, GSS_Init_sec_context() indicates GSS_S_COMPLETE with no 
output token

1: Alice initiates, offering  two protocols, one w/MIC, one wo/MIC 
{MIC,NOMIC}. Alice prefers MIC
2: Mallet rewrites  to  {NOMIC}
3: Bob is indifferent between MIC and NOMIC, and activates NOMIC
    by (a) and (b), the acceptor will  not generate a MIC token
    by (a) and (c) the initiator will indicate success

I guess the best thing to do is for the initiator not to offer MICless 
mechanisms unless all of them are preferred.

>    Simon> 7) The target should be allowed to send a negTokenInit
>    Simon> before exchange.  When using HTTP Negotiate authentication
>
>GSSAPI always starts with an initiator (funny that).
>  
>
Never mind - I see that any data passed in to the first call to 
initSecContext is always ignored.

>    Simon> 8) SPNEGO is an anagram of SPONGE.
>Good to know.
>  
>
Things you notice when you're coding against the original specs :)

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From: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>
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To: ses@unc.edu (Simon Spero)
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Subject: Re: SPNEGO-bis  comments/questions
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Simon Spero wrote:
> 
> >
> >No, there's really no way to negotiate the negotiation mechanism you
> >are using.  You want a way to send new fields that the receiver must
> >ignore.
>  
> The trouble with extension markers is that they can't be used for 
> critical extensions, and those extensions are only labeled by tag.   
> They're also not part of the MIC.   It might be better to reuse 
> Extension(s) from PKIX.

God help us -- NO!

GSS-API is about trying as hard as possible to establish a security
context, even if it doesn't fulfil all of the desires of both peers.

Something like a critical extension would be a showstopper for
the handshake with a legacy SPNEGO installed base, which is entirely
alien to the GSS-API philosophy.


> 
> >Hmm.  I wonder if anyone gets minimal length of bitstrings wrong for
> >SPNEGO?
> >
> Not so much getting the minimal length wrong as being able to use a 
> different implementation strategy.  If a bit string has a fixed maximum 
> size that can fit in an int, and is being used to indicate flags you can 
> avoid having to create an indefinite length bit string.

In case that we have a requirement for DER-encoding in SPNEGO, then
indefinite length encoding is not permitted.


> 
> I guess the best thing to do is for the initiator not to offer MICless 
> mechanisms unless all of them are preferred.

The security consideration section should sufficiently address the
problem with MICless mechanisms participating the negotiation.

> 
> >    Simon> 7) The target should be allowed to send a negTokenInit
> >    Simon> before exchange.  When using HTTP Negotiate authentication
> >
> >GSSAPI always starts with an initiator (funny that).
> >  
> >
> Never mind - I see that any data passed in to the first call to 
> initSecContext is always ignored.

I really wouldn't count on such a token to be ignored.  Expect mechanisms
to abort with an error if the input_token to gss_init_sec_context()
is not NULL or an empty buffer as described in the C-Bindings (rfc2744).

The only (non-ietf) mechanism that I know which does this is Microsoft's
NTLM SSP, and as this mechanism uses a 3-leg authentication scheme
(challenge-response authentication), it needs that dirty hack badly
for the HTTP-negotiate authentication.

But the actual NTLM-hack in HTTP-Negotiate must be a magnitude worse,
because either you have to go through an additional error page for
each and every request, or ignore replayed authentication tokens
on subsequent requests and only force new TCP-connections through
an error-page which emits a new challenge (I haven't read that document...).

-Martin

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From kitten-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Dec 30 13:15:25 2004
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Martin Rex wrote:

>>>Not so much getting the minimal length wrong as being able to use a 
>>>different implementation strategy.  If a bit string has a fixed maximum 
>>>size that can fit in an int, and is being used to indicate flags you can 
>>>avoid having to create an indefinite length bit string.
>>>      
>>>
>
>In case that we have a requirement for DER-encoding in SPNEGO, then
>indefinite length encoding is not permitted.
>  
>
I should have said unconstrained length.  If you have a bit string whose 
length is constrained enough to fit entirely in a machine word, you can 
generate a simpler implementation; bignum vs int.

Simon

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On Thu, Dec 30, 2004 at 11:13:26AM -0500, Simon Spero wrote:
> Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
> >   Simon> 1) [ Section 4.2.1 : negTokenInit ] 1.1) Extension marker.
> >   Simon> Is the extension marker in NegTokenInit really necessary?
> >
> >No, there's really no way to negotiate the negotiation mechanism you
> >are using.  You want a way to send new fields that the receiver must
> >ignore.
> > 
> >
> The trouble with extension markers is that they can't be used for 
> critical extensions, and those extensions are only labeled by tag.   

I think there are things we can do with the existing mechList and
mechListMIC to securely negotiate extensions, in which case lack of
support by one peer for the other's critical extensions should simply
lead to failure.

Of course, designing SPNEGO for extensibility now would be better, but
we're aiming for a modicum of introperability with some existing,
deployed implementations under some common circumstances.  This places
some constraints on what we can do in terms of re-designing SPNEGO.

> They're also not part of the MIC.   It might be better to reuse 
> Extension(s) from PKIX.

The MIC can be made to include whatever we want it to in a future
extensions :)

Even today it can include lots of things other than mechanism OIDs,
basically, any OIDs that the initiator wants to advertise.

> BTW,  evil thought:  if one were to dynamically create an object 
> identifier with a known prefix and whose last component was the integer 
> value of the context flags, and added that to the end of the mechList, 
> wouldn't that allow upgraded implementations to detect flag changes 
> without breaking legacy apps?

Or an OID per-flag set, then include all those OIDs int he mechList.

We've had this thought before.

[...]
> I guess the best thing to do is for the initiator not to offer MICless 
> mechanisms unless all of them are preferred.

Yes, and Larry's I-D says so, doesn't it?  It's been known since the
days of the original SPNEGO that negotiation of mechanisms that do not
provide for integrity protection means that the negotiation can't be
protected.

Nico
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On Thu, Dec 30, 2004 at 12:06:48AM -0500, Sam Hartman wrote:
>     Simon>  5.2) How can a generic implementation know ahead of time
>     Simon> whether a mechanism supports integrity?  This is just a
>     Simon> subset of the bigger problem of negotiating QOP/Strength,
>     Simon> etc.  Of course, since the only mechanism I care about is
>     Simon> Kerberos, I can ignore the problem for now :)
> 
> Out of scope for this document; strictly speaking a SPNEGO You can
> determine this after the context is established.  If you want to know
> before say to decide what mechanisms to offer, current GSSAPI provides
> no mechanism so you'll have to know the OIDs of some mechanisms that
> support integrity.  This working group is chartered to solve that
> problem too and Nico does have drafts in that space.

Also, even if a given mechanism is supposed to provide for integrity
protection it's entirely possible that under some circumstances it might
not be able to and yet still be able to establish a security context,
but that would lead to failure where a mechListMIC is needed, or, if one
wasn't, to subsequent failure of the application.

Nico
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Date: Fri, 31 Dec 2004 04:26:12 -0800
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Thread-Topic: SPNEGO-bis  comments/questions
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From: "Liqiang\(Larry\) Zhu" <lzhu@windows.microsoft.com>
To: "Simon Spero" <ses@unc.edu>, <martin.rex@sap.com>
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Cc: kitten@ietf.org, hartmans-ietf@mit.edu
Subject: RE: SPNEGO-bis  comments/questions
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I do not mind adding the size limit here.

Two changes will be made into the next version.

1) The ContextFlags will be decorated with the size constrain.

ContextFlags ::=3D BIT STRING (SIZE (32)) {
        delegFlag       (0),
        mutualFlag      (1),
        replayFlag      (2),
        sequenceFlag    (3),
        anonFlag        (4),
        confFlag        (5),
        integFlag       (6)
}

2) A new appendix for the ASN module will be added.

-- Larry

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Simon Spero
Sent: Thursday, December 30, 2004 9:59 AM
To: martin.rex@sap.com
Cc: kitten@ietf.org; hartmans-ietf@mit.edu
Subject: Re: SPNEGO-bis comments/questions

Martin Rex wrote:

>>>Not so much getting the minimal length wrong as being able to use a=20
>>>different implementation strategy.  If a bit string has a fixed=20
>>>maximum size that can fit in an int, and is being used to indicate=20
>>>flags you can avoid having to create an indefinite length bit string.
>>>     =20
>>>
>
>In case that we have a requirement for DER-encoding in SPNEGO, then=20
>indefinite length encoding is not permitted.
> =20
>
I should have said unconstrained length.  If you have a bit string whose
length is constrained enough to fit entirely in a machine word, you can
generate a simpler implementation; bignum vs int.

Simon

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