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From: Andrew Bartlett <abartlet@samba.org>
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On Thu, 2006-04-27 at 10:23 -0500, Nicolas Williams wrote:

> There are none that I can think of.
>=20
> Neither Heimdal, nor MIT, nor GNU, nor Solaris implementations of
> GSS-API framework or mechanisms, nor any of the apps that use the
> GSS-API that I can think of (SSHv2 [e.g., OpenSSH], SASL [e.g., Cyrus
> SASL], NFS w/ RPCSEC_GSS [e.g., CITI] , and so on), qualify.
>=20
> ALL just-use-8, which always amounts to: just-use-the-current-locale's-
> codeset.

Just as a note about Samba's place in this.

Looking at interacting with Windows, I'm expecting we will slowly start
on this.  I suspect we will assume the libs are just-send-8 and that we
will convert outside the API. =20

I hope to try and do this as 'right' as practical in Samba4, while
retaining windows wire compatibility.  In Samba3 (where we don't use
real GSSAPI, but rather fake things up), we assume kerberos principals
are UTF8 on receipt of a ticket from a client.

Andrew Bartlett

--=20
Andrew Bartlett                                http://samba.org/~abartlet/
Authentication Developer, Samba Team           http://samba.org
Student Network Administrator, Hawker College  http://hawkerc.net

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I propose the following solution to the I18N issue:

1) Add constants for identifying character encoding schemes with the
   prefix 'GSS_C_CES_' (e.g., GSS_C_CES_UTF8).

   The type could be INTEGER or OID, I don't care much either way.


2) Add new versions of:

    - GSS_Import_name()
    - GSS_Display_name()
    - GSS_Display_status()

   that take an additional input parameter indicating the character
   encoding scheme used or to be used.

   (And don't forget the display_as_name_type input parameter of
   GSS_Display_name_ext() in the naming extensions I-D.)


3) Specify two GSS_C_CES_* constants to begin with:

   a) GSS_C_CES_UTF8

     Meaning that input human readable strings are encoded in UTF-8, and
     output human readable strings are to be encoded in UTF-8.


   b) GSS_C_CES_DEFAULT

     Meaning that the CES used/to be used is determined in a
     platform-specific manner, and typically [on POSIX/POSIX-like
     systems] being that which is associated with the current locale.

     Note that GSS_C_CES_DEFAULT, by itself, does not create special
     portability concerns because applications that wish to use
     GSS_C_CES_UTF8 on POSIX/POSIX-like platforms in non-UTF-8 locales
     will have to know how to do codeset conversions that they wouldn't
     have to know about in platforms with a single codeset/CES.  That
     is, I18N portability concerns derive from the platforms themselves,
     not the GSS-API.


4) Create an IANA registry of GSS_C_CES_ values/semantics.


5) Deprecate the Latin-1-only functions and note that on some platforms
   they expect/use Latin-1 while on others they expect/use the CES of
   the current locale or equivalent local concept.


6) L10N

   We might as well tackle L10N and give GSS_Display_status() an input
   parameter indicating an RFC3066 language tag or tags to be used for
   localization of error messages.


Nico
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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon May 08 16:59:16 2006
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I would propose to add the following three versions instead:

gss_import_name_utf8()
gss_display_name_utf8()
gss_display_status_utf8()

because I consider it too much of a burden for gssapi mechanisms
to be able to cope with every possible codepage under the sun.

With the limitation to utf8, a gssapi mechanism must only know
how to transform between UTF8 and the (canonical) network encoding
of printables (travelling within gssapi context level tokens or
being communicated out-of-band, as with the Kerberos KDC
communication).  The application designers should have to
figure out (or worry) how many or which codepages (and conversions)
are necessary to support specific environments or scenarios.


I'm just trying to add support for arbitrary codepages at the
gssapi at some point of our application, and it grows the
code by 8-12 MBytes ...


About L10N: Although I don't want to prevent anyone from going
down that rathole, I will continue to use exclusively the
english variant of the error message (if possible) within
our application.  I have been requiring that for interoperability
certification with our application that the gssapi library
produces meaningful error messages in english and manually review
them (at least for those error-situation that gsstest tries).

-Martin



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On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 10:59:00PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> I would propose to add the following three versions instead:
> 
> gss_import_name_utf8()
> gss_display_name_utf8()
> gss_display_status_utf8()
> 
> because I consider it too much of a burden for gssapi mechanisms
> to be able to cope with every possible codepage under the sun.

Someone has to: the application or the mechanism.

Perhaps we should settle that first.

I vote for the burden to be on the mechanism -- there are more
applications than mechanism implementations [in my world].

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On Monday, May 08, 2006 03:30:42 PM -0500 Nicolas Williams 
<Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

> I propose the following solution to the I18N issue:
>
> 1) Add constants for identifying character encoding schemes with the
>    prefix 'GSS_C_CES_' (e.g., GSS_C_CES_UTF8).
>
>    The type could be INTEGER or OID, I don't care much either way.

How about an RFC2978 charset name?  Or, if you really want something 
numberic, the MIBenum values from the same registry.


> 3) Specify two GSS_C_CES_* constants to begin with:
>    a) GSS_C_CES_UTF8
>    b) GSS_C_CES_DEFAULT

> 4) Create an IANA registry of GSS_C_CES_ values/semantics.

See above - we should reuse the registry that already exists for this 
purpose, rather than inventing our own.  If we decide the functionality 
represented by your GSS_C_CES_DEFAULT is important, we can provide a way to 
indicate that is the desired behavior (for example, in C, one could pass 
NULL instead of a charset name)


Aside from this, I agree with this proposal as it applies to GSSAPIv3.
For GSSAPIv2 we are only empowered to "clarify", not to define new API 
elements.  So I think all we can/should do is apply the same note you 
describe in your point 5, indicating that there are many implementations 
which use the charset of the current locale rather than Latin-1 as 
specified by GSSAPIv2.

-- Jeff

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Date: Mon, 8 May 2006 16:29:51 -0500
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
To: Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com>, kitten@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: I18N & L10N proposal for GSS-API (v2u2/v3)
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On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 04:02:42PM -0500, Nicolas Williams wrote:
> On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 10:59:00PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> > because I consider it too much of a burden for gssapi mechanisms
> > to be able to cope with every possible codepage under the sun.
> 
> Someone has to: the application or the mechanism.
> 
> Perhaps we should settle that first.
> 
> I vote for the burden to be on the mechanism -- there are more
> applications than mechanism implementations [in my world].

Allow me to expand as to why (and then offer a concession):

 - Mechanisms MUST deal with stringprep and/or other conversion issues
   and this *cannot* be left to the application.

   I.e., mechanisms already MUST have some of the I18N burden placed on
   them.

   Particularly since mechanisms may have different stringprep
   requirements.


 - There are (or, darn it, should tend to be) more applications than
   mechanisms.

   I.e., placing more of the I18N burden on mechanisms means less code
   than placing more of the I18N burden on applications.  And less code
   is better.


The concession I may be willing to make:

 - REQUIRE support only for GSS_C_CES_UTF8, and REQUIRE that
   GSS_C_CES_DEFAULT be an alias for GSS_C_CES_UTF8 if it isn't
   something else.

   This would mean that portable GSS-APIv3 applications would have the
   burden of doing any charset conversions or requiring that they be run
   in UTF-8 locales only.

   However, applications intended to be portable within the POSIX world
   would typically be able to rely on  which, for my purposes would be
   sufficient.


Eventually most OS vendors will deprecate and stop supporting and
shipping non-Unicode locales, so technically GSS_C_CES_DEFAULT would
ultimately become an alias for GSS_C_CES_UTF8, and which makes
GSS_C_CES_DEFAULT ultimately nothing more than a transition crutch...

...But a very good crutch.

Nico
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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue May 09 11:27:48 2006
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Subject: Re: I18N & L10N proposal for GSS-API (v2u2/v3)
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> On Mon, May 08, 2006 at 10:59:00PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> > I would propose to add the following three versions instead:
> > 
> > gss_import_name_utf8()
> > gss_display_name_utf8()
> > gss_display_status_utf8()
> > 
> > because I consider it too much of a burden for gssapi mechanisms
> > to be able to cope with every possible codepage under the sun.
> 
> Someone has to: the application or the mechanism.
> 
> Perhaps we should settle that first.

the two largest camps of existing mechanisms are:

 - Kerberos and Kerberos-like  either completely ignoring the issue
   or using UTF8 (on the network) like Microsoft's implementation

 - SPKM or SPKM-like using X.509 certificates -- and they do have
   a canonical encoding (inside the certs) of mostly ASCII,
   ISO-8859-1 (=t61string abuse) and UTF8STRING

I don't know how many gssapi mechanisms there are today that
offer to convert a well-defined canonical network encoding
into an arbitrary local codepage.  There are likely VERY few.

Claiming that an implementation supports the locale, while in
fact it completely ignores the problem is not going to help us.
MIT Kerberos and closely related implementations definitely
ignore the issue so far, so the only interoperable codepage
which they support is 7-bit US-ASCII -- not "locale"!

Microsoft's Kerberos might be among those few that really
support the locale on the ASCII-Variants of the SSPI-calls.


> 
> I vote for the burden to be on the mechanism -- there are more
> applications than mechanism implementations [in my world].
 
I'm strongly opposed to putting any burden besides
iso-8859-1 and UTF8 onto the GSS-API (v3) mechanisms!

Requiring a gssapi mechanism to grow by 8 MBytes in codesize
in order to support a deprecated-upon-birth functionality sounds
quite unreasonable to me.


-Martin

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On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 05:27:38PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> > Someone has to: the application or the mechanism.
> > 
> > Perhaps we should settle that first.
> 
> the two largest camps of existing mechanisms are:
> 
>  - Kerberos and Kerberos-like  either completely ignoring the issue
>    or using UTF8 (on the network) like Microsoft's implementation
> 
>  - SPKM or SPKM-like using X.509 certificates -- and they do have
>    a canonical encoding (inside the certs) of mostly ASCII,
>    ISO-8859-1 (=t61string abuse) and UTF8STRING
> 
> I don't know how many gssapi mechanisms there are today that
> offer to convert a well-defined canonical network encoding
> into an arbitrary local codepage.  There are likely VERY few.
> 
> Claiming that an implementation supports the locale, while in
> fact it completely ignores the problem is not going to help us.

I didn't make that claim.

> > I vote for the burden to be on the mechanism -- there are more
> > applications than mechanism implementations [in my world].
>  
> I'm strongly opposed to putting any burden besides
> iso-8859-1 and UTF8 onto the GSS-API (v3) mechanisms!

Did you see my follow-up to myself?  Wherein I offer a concession in
this regard that should make you happy?

> Requiring a gssapi mechanism to grow by 8 MBytes in codesize
> in order to support a deprecated-upon-birth functionality sounds
> quite unreasonable to me.

Huh?  Dynamic linking and all that.

But anyways, in my follow-up to the mail you were replying to I offer to
make only GSS_C_CES_UTF8 REQUIRED, which means that you could have a
compliant mechanism implementation that caters only for UTF-8 and does
no conversions.

Nico
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Subject: Re: I18N & L10N proposal for GSS-API (v2u2/v3)
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Nicolas Williams wrote:

> The concession I may be willing to make:
> 
>  - REQUIRE support only for GSS_C_CES_UTF8, and REQUIRE that
>    GSS_C_CES_DEFAULT be an alias for GSS_C_CES_UTF8 if it isn't
>    something else.
> 
>    This would mean that portable GSS-APIv3 applications would have the
>    burden of doing any charset conversions or requiring that they be run
>    in UTF-8 locales only.
> 
>    However, applications intended to be portable within the POSIX world
>    would typically be able to rely on  which, for my purposes would be
>    sufficient.
> 
> 
> Eventually most OS vendors will deprecate and stop supporting and
> shipping non-Unicode locales, so technically GSS_C_CES_DEFAULT would
> ultimately become an alias for GSS_C_CES_UTF8, and which makes
> GSS_C_CES_DEFAULT ultimately nothing more than a transition crutch...
> 
> ...But a very good crutch.
> 
> Nico

>From a practical perspective I don't see this proposal as being much
different than adding the "_utf8" versions that Martin is suggesting
and using the existing versions as they are used today.  Applications
will eventually migrate to the _utf8 versions and eventually we will
deprecate the old versions.

I do believe that applications should speak to portable APIs in a
portable character set.  I would like to think that mechanism
implementations are more cross-platform than applications.  By that I
mean that a mechanism should not have to rely on platform specific
functions in order to accomplish their job.  That a GSS-KRB5 mechanism
written for Solaris, would work just as well on Linux and MacOS X.
The set of locales that are implemented on an operating system is
specific to the OS.  I do not believe that GSS mechanism authors
should be required to support the superset of all locales and write
platform specific code to enable character-set translation.

Mechanisms will have to utilize character-set manipulation routines
in order to implement stringprep.  However, those routines are going
to be portable and are not functions that would be provided by the OS
in any case.

Applications on the other hand already have to be locale aware and
the authors need to perform character set manipulation already when
dealing with a mixture of UCS2, UTF8, and non-Unicode representations.
I do not believe that strongly encouraging the use of UTF8 for GSS is a
significant additional burden and by doing so we will improve security
by reducing the potential for character-set confusion to be used to
attack applications which are unaware of the input character-set of
the peer.

Jeffrey Altman (speaking as an individual)


burden.  However, it would

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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue May 09 13:27:46 2006
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Date: Tue, 09 May 2006 13:27:29 -0400
From: Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu>
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Subject: Re: I18N & L10N proposal for GSS-API (v2u2/v3)
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Nicolas Williams wrote:

> But anyways, in my follow-up to the mail you were replying to I offer to
> make only GSS_C_CES_UTF8 REQUIRED, which means that you could have a
> compliant mechanism implementation that caters only for UTF-8 and does
> no conversions.
> 
> Nico

Nico:

All I see this resulting in is a new negotiation problem.  The
application and the mechanism now have to negotiate over the common
set of character-sets that both support.

If we don't support negotiation and a mechanism is passed
GSS_C_CES_KLINGON what is it supposed to do?  All it can do is
return an error indicating unsupported character-set.  At that point
the application will have to perform translation to UTF8.  While the
concept of selectable character sets has the potential to save a few
hours of application developer programming time, I don't see it
providing any real benefits.  All of the major OSs already provide
application developers with the functions to convert from locale to
UTF8 and back.  Requiring that application developers make such calls
or be UTF8 based prior to using GSSv3 is truly not a big deal in my
mind.

Jeffrey Altman (speaking as an individual)


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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue May 09 13:36:57 2006
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Date: Tue, 9 May 2006 13:34:26 -0400
From: Michael B Allen <mba2000@ioplex.com>
To: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
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Subject: Re: I18N & L10N proposal for GSS-API (v2u2/v3)
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I'm a newbie here so don't weight my input much but I've done a lot of
i18n conscience programming so here's a data point for your stats.

Text in interprocess messages (e.g. network protocol messages) should
be UTF-8. If it has been preestablished that text is of another encoding
(e.g. Latin1) then that should be changed even if it means compromising
backwards compatibility.

Programming interfaces should use the encoding defined by the current
locale. Virtually all APIs are written this way regardless of what the
standards say.

Mike

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From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
To: Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu>
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Subject: Re: I18N & L10N proposal for GSS-API (v2u2/v3)
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On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 01:16:26PM -0400, Jeffrey Altman wrote:
> I do believe that applications should speak to portable APIs in a
> portable character set.  I would like to think that mechanism
> implementations are more cross-platform than applications.  By that I
> mean that a mechanism should not have to rely on platform specific
> functions in order to accomplish their job.  That a GSS-KRB5 mechanism
> written for Solaris, would work just as well on Linux and MacOS X.

Stop right there.  The GSS-API is supposed to help develop portable
applications, not portable mechanisms.  I see nothing, in fact, about
portable mechanisms in RFC2743.

Also, clearly GSS-API applications typically have to use OS facilities
that can be and are platform-specific, because, for example, GSS-API
applications are intended to be _networked_ applications, and details of
socket/XTI/TLI/other networking APIs vary.  So though the GSS-API
promotes application portability, there's no way that it can guarantee
this.

For example, how do you write a portable server application that
properly localizes messages for its remote users?  Whether the
application uses the GSS-API, SASL or no security framework at all it
still has to deal with this problem and nothing in the GSS-API can help
it as the GSS-API is NOT a general operating system interface -- it's an
interface to security mechanisms.

I'd really rather not rathole on this though.

Nico
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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue May 09 15:00:26 2006
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On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 01:27:29PM -0400, Jeffrey Altman wrote:
> All I see this resulting in is a new negotiation problem.  The
> application and the mechanism now have to negotiate over the common
> set of character-sets that both support.
> 
> If we don't support negotiation and a mechanism is passed
> GSS_C_CES_KLINGON what is it supposed to do?  All it can do is
> return an error indicating unsupported character-set.

Correct.

And when using GSS_C_CES_DEFAULT, if the default wouldn't be UTF-8 and
it isn't supported, then an error would have to be returned as well.

>                                                        At that point
> the application will have to perform translation to UTF8.

There will be no such applications, but if there were they would fail.

Applications that use GSS_C_CES_DEFAULT should be prepared to fail and
tell users to use a UTF-8 locale.

Applications that use GSS_C_CES_UTF8 should just work (provided the
mechanisms work too).

Applications that use any other CES should be prepared to either perform
their own codeset conversions or fail and, if desired, offer users an
alternative.

>                                                            While the
> concept of selectable character sets has the potential to save a few
> hours of application developer programming time, I don't see it
> providing any real benefits.  All of the major OSs already provide
> application developers with the functions to convert from locale to
> UTF8 and back.  Requiring that application developers make such calls
> or be UTF8 based prior to using GSSv3 is truly not a big deal in my
> mind.

On platforms where the locale determines the codeset used in many/most
APIs having to modify apps to know how to do codeset conversions for odd
APIs like the GSS-API would be at the very least obnoxious.

My bottom-line: I want a compliant way to do what our applications do
and I don't want to have to modify our applications to perform codeset
conversions.

Nico
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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue May 09 15:05:16 2006
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Michael B Allen wrote:
> 
> I'm a newbie here so don't weight my input much but I've done a lot of
> i18n conscience programming so here's a data point for your stats.
> 
> Text in interprocess messages (e.g. network protocol messages) should
> be UTF-8. If it has been preestablished that text is of another encoding
> (e.g. Latin1) then that should be changed even if it means compromising
> backwards compatibility.
> 
> Programming interfaces should use the encoding defined by the current
> locale. Virtually all APIs are written this way regardless of what the
> standards say.

I believe this to be a major misconception!

Few, if any, current APIs *really* support locale.  Quite a lot of code on
Posix/Unix platforms entirely ignores it -- which is completely different.

The only APIs that seem to support locale today are those in the
base language standard (ctype family in the programming language C).

When I started working with Unix machines on a daily basis in 1993,
I was supplied with a HP PARISC workstation.  When working on
the graphical console under X-Windows, the default "terminal emulator"
provided by the OS vendor was the "hpterm" and the default fonts
were the "hp roman" fonts using some codepage that was definitely
not iso-8859-1 -- but the default tty attributes were 7-bit with
parity enabled, so this wasn't the only problem...


My language (German) contains a few non-ASCII characters, and sometimes
I was reading plain text messages with such characters in iso-8859-1,
so I adjusted my settings to use the standard X11 instead.
(I also fixed the tty settings, shell capabilities and switched
to using standard x11 xterms across all of the Unix platforms).

Anyway -- because none of the software was locale-aware (i.e. did NOT
seperate internal/network/filesystem encoding from visualization and
user i/o encoding) it did matter significantly what font one selected!

When I wrote my first program for Microsoft Windows in 1993, it was
a 3270-terminal emulation for accessing IBM Mainframes from a
Windows NT based PC (in order to replace several hundred green-screens).

I was faced with the codepage conversion issue from the beginning
for this program due to the fact that Mainframes use some un-identified
EBCDIC codepage and (our) Windows machines used an ASCII-based
single-byte codepage from the ISO-Latin series.  When adding the
possibility for the user to select an arbitrary font, I had
to take into account which codepage/encoding was used by the font
in order to visualize the characters correctly.
On a Windows system, Fixedsys is an "ANSI" font, whereas "Terminal"
(also known as Raster font in a CMD.EXE) is encoded with DOS/OEM.

The encoding of the font for visualization is entirely seperate
from the codepage that the application uses internally (here the
IBM mainframe in the backend).  Actually, the Mainframe backend
was equally ignorant about codepages as most applications are
(and were at that times), and it was entirely dependent on the
context (or country) what codepage the people wanted to use.

So in addition to the font selection, I added the capability to
select a particular EBCDIC codepage in order to communicate with
the IBM Mainframe.  From what I remember there are 13 western
european codepages that contain the exact same set of characters
from ISO-8859-1, with about a dozen character posistions garbled
(there was some ancient economical reason behind this garbling,
 but in 1993 it appeared like pure nonsense).

Anyway -- we had Germans in the HR department needing Umlauts,
we had developers that needed brackets and braces for programming
in C and we had some users in spain, scandinavia and eastern
european countries which all wanted support for their specific
codepages for their application.
 


Why am I telling such a long story:
Well, I don't think one can save the application level (which
implements the presentation layer) from doing locale-specific
conversions (e.g. to match font encodings).

So I think there should be a resonable and easy to implement
canonical encoding at the API level, and all of the localization
and codepage conversion issues should be handled by the
application layers -- because they will have to do it anyway
if the application wants to offer localization.

There are areas/scenarios (set-top-boxes, embedded like WLAN-Routers
or palmtops/mobile phones) with serious restrictions on size/space
of the code and there the application must decided how much
localization is necessary and how it is implemented.


If I start notepad on my current WinXPsp2 machine and type some
Umlauts, then change the font from its default (lucida console 10pt)
to Terminal 9pt then I no longer see umlauts, I see mathematical
symbols instead.  If I continue typing umlauts with Terminal font
selected, then I continue to get mathematical symbols, not umlauts.
This might appear consistent -- but it clearly shows that "notepad.exe"
on Windows XP does *NOT* support locale, instead it uses the
"just-use-8" approach and ignores the codepage (of both, the text
it processes and the encoding of the chosen font).
Btw. Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 text editor behaves just the same,
as does vi on Unix (and probably a lot of other text editors on Unix).


-Martin

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Date: Tue, 9 May 2006 14:22:21 -0500
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Martin, 1993 was a long time ago, and some Unix vendors (see my e-mail
address for one example) care about backwards compatibility, so that as
we internationalize the OS we do look to leverage a current locale's
codeset assumption where we can (e.g., by deprecating non-UTF-8 locales,
say -- which Sun has not yet done, BTW) and we tend to prefer UTF-8, all
because it leads to less code change, not only for our code bases but
also for third parties'.

Nico
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> Martin, 1993 was a long time ago, and some Unix vendors (see my e-mail
> address for one example) care about backwards compatibility, so that as
> we internationalize the OS we do look to leverage a current locale's
> codeset assumption where we can (e.g., by deprecating non-UTF-8 locales,
> say -- which Sun has not yet done, BTW) and we tend to prefer UTF-8, all
> because it leads to less code change, not only for our code bases but
> also for third parties'.

Please take into account that there is a significant lag in what
"new features" vendors ship with their most current release of their
software compared to what other software vendors use to build their
software.

E.g. we use Solaris 5.8 (sparc) for build that release of our
software that is most widely used, and we're likely going to build
that particular release on Solaris 5.8 until at least 2010
(even though customers are allowed to install/use the software
 on solaris 5.9 and soon 5.10).

Similarly, there is code that I ship "release-independent",
which must work on solaris unchanged down to SunOS 5.6 and on
Windows down to Win95/NT4 (everything else would significantly
complicate software logistics).  That includes our OEM PKI toolkit
and the Windows-specific gsskrb5.dll wrapper for Microsoft's
Kerberos SSP (gsskrb5.dll shares most code with its brother
gssntlm.dll -- and that can be used on Win95/NT4 as well).


Contrast this to the DLL-nightmare that Microsoft has started
with their MSVCRT-family of DLLs (the C Runtime library),
i.e. do a "dir %SystemRoot%\msvcrt*.dll" on a windows machine
that has seen all all of the compilers since VStudio98 and
a decent set of apps/helpers installed...

Incompatible changes are evil.
Having software logistics in place to hide frequent incompatible
changes from your customers / end users doesn't make it less evil.


If we add only the three utf8-capable API calls to GSS-API v3,
then (a) more gssapi mechanism implementors are likely to adopt
it because they're "fairly" easy to implement, and (b)
application programmers are likely to use them when they find
them because they will get exactly the same functionality
from every gssapi implementation that has these calls.


-Martin

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On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 10:03:00PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> > 
> > Martin, 1993 was a long time ago, and some Unix vendors (see my e-mail
> > address for one example) care about backwards compatibility, so that as
> > we internationalize the OS we do look to leverage a current locale's
> > codeset assumption where we can (e.g., by deprecating non-UTF-8 locales,
> > say -- which Sun has not yet done, BTW) and we tend to prefer UTF-8, all
> > because it leads to less code change, not only for our code bases but
> > also for third parties'.
> 
> Please take into account that there is a significant lag in what
> "new features" vendors ship with their most current release of their
> software compared to what other software vendors use to build their
> software.

I am aware.  If, as you say, you ship applications built for Solaris and
you use Solaris' libgss then you'll have to accept it's current
expectation that the codeset used is that which is associated with the
current locale.

> E.g. we use Solaris 5.8 (sparc) for build that release of our
> software that is most widely used, and we're likely going to build
> that particular release on Solaris 5.8 until at least 2010
> (even though customers are allowed to install/use the software
>  on solaris 5.9 and soon 5.10).
> 
> Similarly, there is code that I ship "release-independent",
> which must work on solaris unchanged down to SunOS 5.6 and on
> Windows down to Win95/NT4 (everything else would significantly
> complicate software logistics).  That includes our OEM PKI toolkit
> and the Windows-specific gsskrb5.dll wrapper for Microsoft's
> Kerberos SSP (gsskrb5.dll shares most code with its brother
> gssntlm.dll -- and that can be used on Win95/NT4 as well).

At some point third parties have to drop support for OS releases that
are no longer supported by the OS vendors.  Sun does not support any
release of Solaris earlier than Solaris 8, Microsoft does not support
NT4, and so on.

> Contrast this to the DLL-nightmare that Microsoft has started
> with their MSVCRT-family of DLLs (the C Runtime library),
> i.e. do a "dir %SystemRoot%\msvcrt*.dll" on a windows machine
> that has seen all all of the compilers since VStudio98 and
> a decent set of apps/helpers installed...

Huh?  (That's rhetorical.)

> Incompatible changes are evil.

Yes, at least without sufficient warning.

Note that going from "non-ASCII in char * argument to this function has
undefined results" to "this char * argument to this function expects
strings in the CES of the current local" is not an incompatible change
unless the "undefined results" in the original were reliable and came to
be relied upon.

> Having software logistics in place to hide frequent incompatible
> changes from your customers / end users doesn't make it less evil.

If you'd like to make a complaint about Solaris in this regard please be
specific, and use an OpenSolaris discussion list, not an IETF list.

> If we add only the three utf8-capable API calls to GSS-API v3,
> then (a) more gssapi mechanism implementors are likely to adopt
> it because they're "fairly" easy to implement, and (b)
> application programmers are likely to use them when they find
> them because they will get exactly the same functionality
> from every gssapi implementation that has these calls.

This is a good argument, but doesn't win me over completely because as I
see it GSS-API app developers on POSIX/POSIX-like systems will likely
write wrappers around these functions that perform any necessary codeset
conversions from/to the current locale's codeset and UTF-8 as required
in your proposed gss_*_utf8 functions.

I.e., let us give such developers what they want already.

Nico
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On Tue, 9 May 2006 21:05:00 +0200 (MET DST)
Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> wrote:

> Michael B Allen wrote:
> > 
> > I'm a newbie here so don't weight my input much but I've done a lot of
> > i18n conscience programming so here's a data point for your stats.
> > 
> > Text in interprocess messages (e.g. network protocol messages) should
> > be UTF-8. If it has been preestablished that text is of another encoding
> > (e.g. Latin1) then that should be changed even if it means compromising
> > backwards compatibility.
> > 
> > Programming interfaces should use the encoding defined by the current
> > locale. Virtually all APIs are written this way regardless of what the
> > standards say.
> 
> I believe this to be a major misconception!
> 
> Few, if any, current APIs *really* support locale.  Quite a lot of code on
> Posix/Unix platforms entirely ignores it -- which is completely different.

True, but those programs are just slightly broken. To fix them to *really*
support locales is a matter of:

  1) fixing any code that needs to understand variable width encoding (e.g.
     caseless comparison of UTF-8 strings) and
  2) calling setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") in main

Newer, robust libraries use this convention because it supports the
desired full Unicode UTF-8 locale as well as folks still running Latin1
on their PARISC from 1993. As long everyone sticks to the plan things
seamlessly cascade together and conversion only occurs when interprocess
communication is necessary (e.g. network protocols and files) or when
interacting with code that does not follow the convention.

Mike


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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Tue May 09 17:43:45 2006
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Michael B Allen wrote:
> Martin Rex wrote:
> > > Michael B Allen wrote:
> > >
> > > Programming interfaces should use the encoding defined by the current
> > > locale. Virtually all APIs are written this way regardless of what the
> > > standards say.
> > 
> > I believe this to be a major misconception!
> > 
> > Few, if any, current APIs *really* support locale.  Quite a lot of code on
> > Posix/Unix platforms entirely ignores it -- which is completely different.
> 
> True, but those programs are just slightly broken. To fix them to *really*
> support locales is a matter of:
> 
>   1) fixing any code that needs to understand variable width encoding (e.g.
>      caseless comparison of UTF-8 strings) and
>   2) calling setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "") in main

I mentioned it before: traditional multi-byte locales provide real
pitfalls for code that is not locale-aware.

The problem is if the existing code does some amount of parsing on
the string and looks for particular occurrances of certain ASCII
characters in strings, not knowing whether it is dealing with
a single-byte codepage or a traditional multibyte codepage,
because the trail byte of such a multibyte codepage can be
confused with a regular ASCII character.  UTF-8 is safe because
with UTF-8, every octet of a multi-byte character as the highest bit set.

MIT Kerberos 5 does definitely have such a problem with the realm seperator
"@" character -- and every GSS-API mechanism that implement the hostbased
service nametype and is locale-ignorant will also have this problem with
this nametype.


And we still don't know how and where to handle IDN (internationalized
domain names) into punycode conversion for hostbased service names
and within kerberos service principals...


-Martin

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Date: Tue, 9 May 2006 16:55:37 -0500
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On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 11:43:34PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> And we still don't know how and where to handle IDN (internationalized
> domain names) into punycode conversion for hostbased service names
> and within kerberos service principals...

There is plenty of material in the IETF KRB WG mailing list archive and
proceedings.  I would say that we *do* know what to do about the
intersection of IDN and Kerberos V, and punycode is not involved.  (What
matters is the stringprep profiles, not the particular encoding of
Unicode.)

I don't want us discussing Kerberos V I18N, but I do want us to agree
that that that a mechanism-specific issue, not a matter for Kerberos V
or RFC4121 applications -- if we can't reach consensus on this then we
have a problem.  This isn't to say that GSS-API apps shouldn't use UTF-8
natively, mind you, but that there's no inherent link between what a
mechanism does on the wire and what the API requires of applications as
long as the API doesn't force one to use a non-Unicode CES.

Even if we adopt the gss_*_utf8() proposal we'd still not specify
stringprep profiles, or even just normalization forms for gss_*_utf8()
UTF-8 inputs/outputs, but GSS mechanisms that use Unicode on the wire
MUST specify stringprep profiles.

Nico
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On Tue, 9 May 2006 23:43:34 +0200 (MET DST)
Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> wrote:

> The problem is if the existing code does some amount of parsing on
> the string and looks for particular occurrances of certain ASCII
> characters in strings, not knowing whether it is dealing with
> a single-byte codepage or a traditional multibyte codepage,
> because the trail byte of such a multibyte codepage can be
> confused with a regular ASCII character.  UTF-8 is safe because
> with UTF-8, every octet of a multi-byte character as the highest bit set.

Pardon me for hopping along half way through this thread but are
you suggesting that users should be forced to convert all text to
UTF-8? Meaning functions like gss_display_name would require UTF-8 as
input? If so, then I doubt people will actually implement that. Let's
think about the two cases:

  Case 1: Force UTF-8
    Program possibly converts to/from UTF-8 to talk to gssapi AND have
    the mechanism lib possibly convert to/from UTF-8 to talk to the lib
    backing the mech.

  Case 2: Use the Locale Dependent Encoding
    Have the mechanism lib possibly convert to/from the locale dependent
    encoding to talk to the lib backing the mech.

> MIT Kerberos 5 does definitely have such a problem with the realm seperator
> "@" character -- and every GSS-API mechanism that implement the hostbased
> service nametype and is locale-ignorant will also have this problem with
> this nametype.

I don't think GSSAPI should try to make up for deficiencies in
other libraries thereby pushing the burden further up the chain onto
users.

If you do that I'm going to invest in neck braces :->

Mike

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On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 06:14:39PM -0400, Michael B Allen wrote:
> On Tue, 9 May 2006 23:43:34 +0200 (MET DST)
> Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> wrote:
> 
> Pardon me for hopping along half way through this thread but are
> you suggesting that users should be forced to convert all text to
> UTF-8? Meaning functions like gss_display_name would require UTF-8 as
> input? If so, then I doubt people will actually implement that. Let's
> think about the two cases:
> 
>   Case 1: Force UTF-8
>     Program possibly converts to/from UTF-8 to talk to gssapi AND have
>     the mechanism lib possibly convert to/from UTF-8 to talk to the lib
>     backing the mech.
> 
>   Case 2: Use the Locale Dependent Encoding
>     Have the mechanism lib possibly convert to/from the locale dependent
>     encoding to talk to the lib backing the mech.

Exactly.  Case 2 is going to be preferable for application developers on
platforms where there is such a concept as 'locales'.

Martin may complain that this means that such applications are less
portable, but that is a choice to be made by the application
developer...

..And my proposal gives framework/mechanism implementors the choice of
whether to force app developers to use UTF-8 or give app developers
the choice of using UTF-8 explicitly or the CES of the current locale.

For all the POSIX-like platforms and because framework/mechanism
implementors will generally have to deal with codeset/normalization/
stringprep issues directly, I suspect that framework/mechanism
implementors will provide the latter choice, and that application
developers on POSIX-like platforms will take the ces-of-current-locale
option, which will not significantly hinder portability to other
platforms that are more in tune with Unicode already.

> > MIT Kerberos 5 does definitely have such a problem with the realm seperator
> > "@" character -- and every GSS-API mechanism that implement the hostbased
> > service nametype and is locale-ignorant will also have this problem with
> > this nametype.
> 
> I don't think GSSAPI should try to make up for deficiencies in
> other libraries thereby pushing the burden further up the chain onto
> users.

The particular "deficiency" Martin was discussing in the text you quote
is not something applications can fix for the mechanism, period.

Forcing the use of UTF-8 at the API does NOT make all instances of that
sort of problem go away, and the mechanism MUST deal with normalization,
prohibited codepoints, unassigned codepoints, etc...

> If you do that I'm going to invest in neck braces :->

Exactly.

Nico
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Michael B Allen wrote:
> 
> Pardon me for hopping along half way through this thread but are
> you suggesting that users should be forced to convert all text to
> UTF-8? Meaning functions like gss_display_name would require UTF-8 as
> input?

For backward compatibility with GSS-API v2 based apps the original
calls with (de-facto and spec-ignorant) implementation defined behaviour
will still be present.  Noone will force the application to use
the utf8-variants of the three affected gssapi calls
gss_import_name, gss_display_name and gss_display_status.

btw. gss_display_name only has an opaque gss_name_t input handle,
I assume you refer to gss_import_name with a printable nametype.


>     If so, then I doubt people will actually implement that. Let's
> think about the two cases:
> 
>   Case 1: Force UTF-8
>     Program possibly converts to/from UTF-8 to talk to gssapi AND have
>     the mechanism lib possibly convert to/from UTF-8 to talk to the lib
>     backing the mech.

Someone will have to do a conversion between the codepage used
by the user and the codepage used by the gssapi mechanism.
Currently there are VERY few gssapi mechanism that are doing
codepage conversions (and capable of doing it for arbitrary,
user-chosen locales).

> 
>   Case 2: Use the Locale Dependent Encoding
>     Have the mechanism lib possibly convert to/from the locale dependent
>     encoding to talk to the lib backing the mech.

can be done through the legacy API with all the known problems,
i.e. what to do with non-representable chars, what about
unsupported locales, ...


Nico answered:
: Forcing the use of UTF-8 at the API does NOT make all instances of that
: sort of problem go away, and the mechanism MUST deal with normalization,
: prohibited codepoints, unassigned codepoints, etc...

When adding _utf8 support into my gsskrb5.dll I'm going to let
Microsoft's APIs fight that out, and if I was a gssapi mechanism
implementor I would ignore normalization and unassigned codepoints,
just do a basic check whether it appears to be corretly encoded
(i.e. if it only contains ASCII plus appropriately formed
 multi-byte sequences).


-Martin

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On Wed, 10 May 2006 02:00:00 +0200 (MET DST)
Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> wrote:

> >   Case 1: Force UTF-8
> >     Program possibly converts to/from UTF-8 to talk to gssapi AND have
> >     the mechanism lib possibly convert to/from UTF-8 to talk to the lib
> >     backing the mech.
> 
> Someone will have to do a conversion between the codepage used
> by the user and the codepage used by the gssapi mechanism.

Right. That's why Case 2 is superior - no conversion between user and gssapi.

> >   Case 2: Use the Locale Dependent Encoding
> >     Have the mechanism lib possibly convert to/from the locale dependent
> >     encoding to talk to the lib backing the mech.
> 
> can be done through the legacy API with all the known problems,
> i.e. what to do with non-representable chars, what about
> unsupported locales, ...

I understand what you're saying but I don't understand how you came to
the conclusion that requiring conversion to UTF-8 or somehow using UTF-8
internally would be a good idea. There's no end of arguments against it:

1) UTF-8 in itself isn't going to help with non-representable chars
  or unsupported locales or anything like that anyway because you get
  out of gssapi what you put in to gssapi. Forcing UTF-8 is just going
  to push the problem out of libgssapi up into the hands of annoyed
  programmers.
2) If you're not running in the UTF-8 locale you probably have a really
  good reason (e.g. Japanese) in which case the programmer/admin/user
  is in a much better position to setup the environment to yield the
  correct behavior.
3) Think about java.lang.String (UCS-2LE), Win32 UNICODE_STRING
  (UTF-16LE), C++ strings (UTF-16), etc. Even talking about UTF-8 in the
  context of these environments makes no sense. GSSAPI implementations
  are going to use whatever the premier string type is for the target
  environment / language (i.e. no one will implement it).

Mike

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Date: Tue, 9 May 2006 20:19:40 -0500
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On Wed, May 10, 2006 at 02:00:00AM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> Nico answered:
> : Forcing the use of UTF-8 at the API does NOT make all instances of that
> : sort of problem go away, and the mechanism MUST deal with normalization,
> : prohibited codepoints, unassigned codepoints, etc...
> 
> When adding _utf8 support into my gsskrb5.dll I'm going to let
                                    ^^^^^^^^^^^

Is that an implementation of RFC4121?

If so...

> Microsoft's APIs fight that out, and if I was a gssapi mechanism
> implementor I would ignore normalization and unassigned codepoints,
> just do a basic check whether it appears to be corretly encoded
> (i.e. if it only contains ASCII plus appropriately formed
>  multi-byte sequences).

...sorry, it's not that easy.  Kerberos V I18N will involve applications
of stringprep, including normalization, prohibited codepoints, mapped
codepoints, etc...

(Now, if we make Kerberos V I18N something that only works with Kerberos
V extensions then we might get away with not stringprepping principal
names on the client side, but youd' still have to stringprep passwords
for password-based pre-authentication.  BTW, I'm a little rusty on krb5
I18N.)

Nico
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Date: Tue, 9 May 2006 20:26:11 -0500
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On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 09:16:24PM -0400, Michael B Allen wrote:
> On Wed, 10 May 2006 02:00:00 +0200 (MET DST)
> Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> wrote:
> > can be done through the legacy API with all the known problems,
> > i.e. what to do with non-representable chars, what about
> > unsupported locales, ...
> 
> I understand what you're saying but I don't understand how you came to
> the conclusion that requiring conversion to UTF-8 or somehow using UTF-8
> internally would be a good idea. There's no end of arguments against it:

BTW, it can be useful to declare UTF-8 a common medium in the middle of
certain systems.  That's an approach we are going to take for filesystem
I18N (the middle being between the syscall and VFS boundaries).

> 1) UTF-8 in itself isn't going to help with non-representable chars
>   or unsupported locales or anything like that anyway because you get
>   out of gssapi what you put in to gssapi. Forcing UTF-8 is just going
>   to push the problem out of libgssapi up into the hands of annoyed
>   programmers.
> 2) If you're not running in the UTF-8 locale you probably have a really
>   good reason (e.g. Japanese) in which case the programmer/admin/user
>   is in a much better position to setup the environment to yield the
>   correct behavior.

Well, *we* (OS vendors/developers) should want you to use UTF-8 locales
always -- it simplifies a lot of problems, and if we could do it in one
fell swoop then it would make this problem go away :)

> 3) Think about java.lang.String (UCS-2LE), Win32 UNICODE_STRING
>   (UTF-16LE), C++ strings (UTF-16), etc. Even talking about UTF-8 in the
>   context of these environments makes no sense. GSSAPI implementations
>   are going to use whatever the premier string type is for the target
>   environment / language (i.e. no one will implement it).

Stepping back a bit, the *abstract* interfaces would probably be
specified in terms of Unicode (version 4?), not including any particular
encoding thereof.

The C bindings of the *abstract* interfaces would be specified in terms
of UTF-8.  And so on.

But, yes, I agree that specific language bindings will use whatever the
language prefers.

Nico
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>3) Think about java.lang.String (UCS-2LE), Win32 UNICODE_STRING
>  (UTF-16LE), C++ strings (UTF-16), etc. Even talking about UTF-8 in the

UNICODE_STRING is UCS-2LE, no?

-- Luke

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On Tue, 9 May 2006 20:26:11 -0500
Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

> BTW, it can be useful to declare UTF-8 a common medium in the middle of
> certain systems.  That's an approach we are going to take for filesystem
> I18N (the middle being between the syscall and VFS boundaries).

Would that be a library used by a single process like GSSAPI? If you
were writing UTF-8 to the filesystem then I might agree with your design
as a filesystem is a form of interprocess messaging. However, it does not
sound like interprocess communication is involved and therefore unless
there is intense string manipulation required, such as case insensitive
path matching, I'm not certain I would agree. Of course I don't know
the details.

> > 2) If you're not running in the UTF-8 locale you probably have a really
> >   good reason (e.g. Japanese) in which case the programmer/admin/user
> >   is in a much better position to setup the environment to yield the
> >   correct behavior.
> 
> Well, *we* (OS vendors/developers) should want you to use UTF-8 locales
> always -- it simplifies a lot of problems, and if we could do it in one
> fell swoop then it would make this problem go away :)

CJK in UTF-8 requires 3 bytes per character. Expect resistance.

You guys make it sound like there's something "wrong" with non-UTF-8
locales and that everything else is "legacy". There are many environments
that do not use UTF-8 (or Unicode for that matter) for legitimate
reasons. That might limit their interoperability but these days that's
usually a consciencous decision.

> Stepping back a bit, the *abstract* interfaces would probably be
> specified in terms of Unicode (version 4?), not including any particular
> encoding thereof.
> 
> The C bindings of the *abstract* interfaces would be specified in terms
> of UTF-8.  And so on.

So you do advocate requiring UTF-8? Mmm, for a minute there I thought we
were in the same camp :-/

First, I want to reiterate that for encoding of network protocol messages
I *am* advocating UTF-8 wherever possible. It's the library interface
that I think should use the C locale encoding. So not all of the code
needs to worry about locale dependent encodings. Ultimately all I'm
really talking about is adding some mbrtowc(3) loops here and there. The
implications for the code are not that bad for GSSAPI. In fact I wouldn't
be surprised if the GSSAPI layer itself works fine as is, and that it's
the mechanisms that need the attention. In that case the library backing
the mechanism should be fixed or wrapped.

In a sentence, I advocate requiring UTF-8 if there's interprocess
messaging or if there's string manipulation that is otherwise difficult
to perform with plain mbrtowc(3) loops. Otherwise, respect my locale!

But then again, I'm a newbie here. Maybe I'm missing something important.

Mike

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On Wed, 10 May 2006 12:37:12 +1000
Luke Howard <lukeh@padl.com> wrote:

> 
> >3) Think about java.lang.String (UCS-2LE), Win32 UNICODE_STRING
> >  (UTF-16LE), C++ strings (UTF-16), etc. Even talking about UTF-8 in the
> 
> UNICODE_STRING is UCS-2LE, no?

You could be right about that. I'm honestly not certain. I know it used
to be UCS-2LE but I think MS has started to use UTF-16LE all over so I
refuse to believe that somehow they've managed to keep their peas and
carrots separate.

Mike

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On Tuesday, May 09, 2006 04:55:37 PM -0500 Nicolas Williams 
<Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

> I don't want us discussing Kerberos V I18N

Nor do I.  Let's save that discussion for the appropriate time and place, 
and for _after_ reading draft-ietf-krb-wg-rfc1510ter (which, unfortunately, 
seems to have expired.  I guess I'll be prodding the editor about that).

-- Jeff, krb-wg chair

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On Tue, May 09, 2006 at 11:17:08PM -0400, Michael B Allen wrote:
> On Tue, 9 May 2006 20:26:11 -0500
> Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:
> 
> > BTW, it can be useful to declare UTF-8 a common medium in the middle of
> > certain systems.  That's an approach we are going to take for filesystem
> > I18N (the middle being between the syscall and VFS boundaries).
> 
> Would that be a library used by a single process like GSSAPI? If you
> were writing UTF-8 to the filesystem then I might agree with your design
> as a filesystem is a form of interprocess messaging. However, it does not
> sound like interprocess communication is involved and therefore unless
> there is intense string manipulation required, such as case insensitive
> path matching, I'm not certain I would agree. Of course I don't know
> the details.

That was an aside, not to be taken as justification for anything in
regards to the GSS-API.

> > > 2) If you're not running in the UTF-8 locale you probably have a really
> > >   good reason (e.g. Japanese) in which case the programmer/admin/user
> > >   is in a much better position to setup the environment to yield the
> > >   correct behavior.
> > 
> > Well, *we* (OS vendors/developers) should want you to use UTF-8 locales
> > always -- it simplifies a lot of problems, and if we could do it in one
> > fell swoop then it would make this problem go away :)
> 
> CJK in UTF-8 requires 3 bytes per character. Expect resistance.

I think there will be no resistance, but I'm not an I18N expert.

> > Stepping back a bit, the *abstract* interfaces would probably be
> > specified in terms of Unicode (version 4?), not including any particular
> > encoding thereof.
> > 
> > The C bindings of the *abstract* interfaces would be specified in terms
> > of UTF-8.  And so on.
> 
> So you do advocate requiring UTF-8? Mmm, for a minute there I thought we
> were in the same camp :-/

No, I advocate requiring that the API support the explicit use of UTF-8
and that optionally it support -just-use-current-locale's-ces.

Nico
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Michael B Allen wrote:
> 
> Would that be a library used by a single process like GSSAPI? If you
> were writing UTF-8 to the filesystem then I might agree with your design
> as a filesystem is a form of interprocess messaging. However, it does not
> sound like interprocess communication is involved and therefore unless
> there is intense string manipulation required, such as case insensitive
> path matching, I'm not certain I would agree. Of course I don't know
> the details.

Well, we and a lot of others use GSS-API to protect the communication
between two distinct entities, a communication initiator and a communication
acceptor.  These two might use IPC for communication, but it is going
to be a "network communication" quite often.  The authentication service
provided by the GSS-API mechanism usually conveys the identity of the
initiator (taken from the credentials of the initiator) to the
acceptor somewhere within a context level token that is emitted
by gss_init_sec_context() of the initiators gssapi implementation
and to be consumed by gss_accept_sec_context() of the acceptors
gssapi implementation.  When mutual authentication is requested or
provided, this also works in the other direction (just that
the initiator has to supply the expected identity of the acceptor
to the initial call of gss_init_sec_context() and the gssapi
mechanism performs the comparison/matching (authentication) against
the conveyed identity.

So in the general case, as far as the names of the identies of
initator and acceptor involved, there are two, potentially differing
locales involved--maybe even a third locale of a trusted third party
like a KDC which participates the authentication procedure.

> 
> > > 2) If you're not running in the UTF-8 locale you probably have a really
> > >   good reason (e.g. Japanese) in which case the programmer/admin/user
> > >   is in a much better position to setup the environment to yield the
> > >   correct behavior.
> > 
> > Well, *we* (OS vendors/developers) should want you to use UTF-8 locales
> > always -- it simplifies a lot of problems, and if we could do it in one
> > fell swoop then it would make this problem go away :)
> 
> CJK in UTF-8 requires 3 bytes per character. Expect resistance.
> 
> You guys make it sound like there's something "wrong" with non-UTF-8
> locales and that everything else is "legacy". There are many environments
> that do not use UTF-8 (or Unicode for that matter) for legitimate
> reasons. That might limit their interoperability but these days that's
> usually a consciencous decision.

Not really.  But there's a requirement in the IETF to address I18N
in all standards, and also a requirement for a mandatory-to-implement
variant -- and most standards have settled on UTF-8 for that purpose.

As I mentioned before, there are a lot of SPKM- and proprietary SPKM-like
gssapi mechanisms out there using an X.509 PKI for authentication
and X.509 happens to use almost exclusively the encodings from
one of 7-bit ASCII, ISO-Latin1 (abused T61string), and UTF8String.
Microsoft has chosen to use UTF-8 for Kerberos principal names.


There is little chance that we could sneak a GSS-API v3 past the IESG
without addressing I18N and without exactly one mandatory-to-implement
encoding that will allow I18N -- which more or less boils down to
a Unicode encoding.  IMHO, UTF-8 seems to be the most reasonable
choice here.


-Martin

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On Wed, 10 May 2006 17:35:05 +0200 (MET DST)
Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> wrote:

> > > > 2) If you're not running in the UTF-8 locale you probably have a really
> > > >   good reason (e.g. Japanese) in which case the programmer/admin/user
> > > >   is in a much better position to setup the environment to yield the
> > > >   correct behavior.
> > > 
> > > Well, *we* (OS vendors/developers) should want you to use UTF-8 locales
> > > always -- it simplifies a lot of problems, and if we could do it in one
> > > fell swoop then it would make this problem go away :)
> > 
> > CJK in UTF-8 requires 3 bytes per character. Expect resistance.
> > 
> > You guys make it sound like there's something "wrong" with non-UTF-8
> > locales and that everything else is "legacy". There are many environments
> > that do not use UTF-8 (or Unicode for that matter) for legitimate
> > reasons. That might limit their interoperability but these days that's
> > usually a consciencous decision.
> 
> Not really.  But there's a requirement in the IETF to address I18N
> in all standards, and also a requirement for a mandatory-to-implement
> variant -- and most standards have settled on UTF-8 for that purpose.
>
> As I mentioned before, there are a lot of SPKM- and proprietary SPKM-like
> gssapi mechanisms out there using an X.509 PKI for authentication
> and X.509 happens to use almost exclusively the encodings from
> one of 7-bit ASCII, ISO-Latin1 (abused T61string), and UTF8String.
> Microsoft has chosen to use UTF-8 for Kerberos principal names.
> 
> 
> There is little chance that we could sneak a GSS-API v3 past the IESG
> without addressing I18N and without exactly one mandatory-to-implement
> encoding that will allow I18N -- which more or less boils down to
> a Unicode encoding.  IMHO, UTF-8 seems to be the most reasonable
> choice here.

I completely agree that you want to be fully
internationalized. Obviously. It's a great mandate. I'm just trying to
explain as a programmer who has written i18n consciencous code how to
do that politely.

Again, the GSSAPI layer itself is fine right now as is [1]. It's
the *mechs* that need attention. If the library backing the mech is
providing Latin1 strings with umlauts and the user is in the UTF-8
locale and the mech is simply using strcpy, then that's just a bug in
the mechanism. Plain and simple BUG. Those bugs can be fixed by either
"fixing" the library backing the mech (hint: MS has done us a favor
by using UTF-8) or wrapping it's functions to convert to the locale
dependent encoding.

I say, convert at the mech boundy once. If you mandate UTF-8 regardless
of locale then you still have to convert at the mech boundry AND then
the program has to convert again at the GSSAPI user API.

If you want to push the i18n boundry a little, mandate that mech boundries
properly convert to the locale dependent encoding.

For example, let's say you have some SPKM mech that's doing Latin1 but
the user is using a ISO-8859-4 locale [2]. By the new mandate the mech
is required to convert all Latin1 strings to ISO-8859-4 (using iconv(3)
presumably). Done. You might get EILSEQ errors or '?' marks in your
string but that should just indicate to the admin/user that they should
upgrade to the UTF-8 locale or dodge those characters.

Mike

[1] If not all it needs are probably a few mbrtowc loops.
[2] I don't think Latin1 and ISO-8859-4 are fully compatible but play
along and assume that the programmer/admin/user knew what they were
doing or had a really good reason for chosing that locale.

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On Wed, May 10, 2006 at 05:35:05PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> As I mentioned before, there are a lot of SPKM- and proprietary SPKM-like
> gssapi mechanisms out there using an X.509 PKI for authentication
> and X.509 happens to use almost exclusively the encodings from
> one of 7-bit ASCII, ISO-Latin1 (abused T61string), and UTF8String.
> Microsoft has chosen to use UTF-8 for Kerberos principal names.

Is PKI properly internationalized?

Kerberos V isn't, and what MS does is not correct.  (Again, wrong forum
for that discussion.)

> There is little chance that we could sneak a GSS-API v3 past the IESG
> without addressing I18N and without exactly one mandatory-to-implement
> encoding that will allow I18N -- which more or less boils down to
> a Unicode encoding.  IMHO, UTF-8 seems to be the most reasonable
> choice here.

I can imagine a programming language where UTF-8 would not be the right
choice.

This is an API, not a protocol (protocol I18N considerations belong in
the mechs), so mandates to use UTF-8, stringprep, etc. don't apply, only
a mandate to ensure I18N and L10N should apply.

Now, I do agree that UTF-8 is the way of the future, but until we
deprecate non-UTF-8 locales I'll be reluctant to have a UTF-8-only API,
and a Latin-1-only alternative is NOT sufficient either.

It's pretty simple:

 - we agree on requiring support only for Unicode in the API, with
   appropriate language-specific bindings (e.g., UTF-8 for C bindings),

but:

 - I also insist on an optional locale's-current-codeset option because
   on POSIX/POSIX-like platforms that is the most comfortable option for
   application developers.

Nico
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Michael:

GSS-API v2 upd 1 requires that all strings used for input and output
be ISO-Latin-1.  This is the requirement today.  It is a bug for
any mechanism to be returning anything other than ISO-Latin-1.  It is
also a bug for any application to provide as input anything other than
ISO-Latin-1.

As it turns out, most applications ignore this requirement as do most
mechanisms.  That does not change what the requirement as stated by
the RFC is.  These implementations "just-use-8" today and hope for the
best.

For GSS-APIv3 we can choose to do something different.  What I am
wondering is whether we need to define both a GSS-API and a GSS-SPI.
The layer that implements both the GSS-API and the GSS-SPI would be
responsible for handling translation from locale to UTF8 and mechanisms
(which would only implement the GSS-SPI) would be required to handle
UTF8 on their boundary.

In this model I would prefer the GSS-API to have separate locale and
utf8 variants.  The locale variants would be allowed to return an error
if locale to utf8 translation services are not available.

I do not believe it is necessary for the GSS-API to support arbitrary
character-set as input and I would prefer to avoid creating another
character-set registry.

Jeffrey Altman (speaking as an individual)

Michael B Allen wrote:

> I completely agree that you want to be fully
> internationalized. Obviously. It's a great mandate. I'm just trying to
> explain as a programmer who has written i18n consciencous code how to
> do that politely.
> 
> Again, the GSSAPI layer itself is fine right now as is [1]. It's
> the *mechs* that need attention. If the library backing the mech is
> providing Latin1 strings with umlauts and the user is in the UTF-8
> locale and the mech is simply using strcpy, then that's just a bug in
> the mechanism. Plain and simple BUG. Those bugs can be fixed by either
> "fixing" the library backing the mech (hint: MS has done us a favor
> by using UTF-8) or wrapping it's functions to convert to the locale
> dependent encoding.
> 
> I say, convert at the mech boundy once. If you mandate UTF-8 regardless
> of locale then you still have to convert at the mech boundry AND then
> the program has to convert again at the GSSAPI user API.
> 
> If you want to push the i18n boundry a little, mandate that mech boundries
> properly convert to the locale dependent encoding.
> 
> For example, let's say you have some SPKM mech that's doing Latin1 but
> the user is using a ISO-8859-4 locale [2]. By the new mandate the mech
> is required to convert all Latin1 strings to ISO-8859-4 (using iconv(3)
> presumably). Done. You might get EILSEQ errors or '?' marks in your
> string but that should just indicate to the admin/user that they should
> upgrade to the UTF-8 locale or dodge those characters.
> 
> Mike
> 
> [1] If not all it needs are probably a few mbrtowc loops.
> [2] I don't think Latin1 and ISO-8859-4 are fully compatible but play
> along and assume that the programmer/admin/user knew what they were
> doing or had a really good reason for chosing that locale.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Kitten mailing list
> Kitten@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten

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On Wed, May 10, 2006 at 01:08:00PM -0400, Jeffrey Altman wrote:
> I do not believe it is necessary for the GSS-API to support arbitrary
> character-set as input and I would prefer to avoid creating another
> character-set registry.

No new registry would be required in my proposal.

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On Wednesday, May 10, 2006 12:38:39 PM -0400 Michael B Allen 
<mba2000@ioplex.com> wrote:

> Again, the GSSAPI layer itself is fine right now as is [1]. It's
> the *mechs* that need attention. If the library backing the mech is
> providing Latin1 strings with umlauts and the user is in the UTF-8
> locale and the mech is simply using strcpy, then that's just a bug in
> the mechanism. Plain and simple BUG.\

First of all, there generall is no "GSSAPI layer".  The GSS-API is 
implemented directly by mechanisms.  This provides for fun when you want to 
hve a multi-mechanism glue layer, but that's all behind the API and thus an 
implementation matter (i.e. out of scope for the GSS _API_ specification, 
which is what we are discussing on this list).

Second, it's best not to think in terms of "the library backing the mech", 
because that introduces assumptions about what's behind the API which may 
not be in line with actual implementations.  Sure, there are mechanisms 
that make use of libraries, but the GSS-API mechanism layer generally does 
a non-trivial amount of work, and there can be mechanisms where there is no 
such library.  A better way to say this would be "If the mechanism uses 
Latin-1 on the wire and just returns wire strings to the app without 
conversion, and the user is in a UTF-8 locale, then that is a bug".

Third, the behavior you describe is actually _not_ a bug, because the 
GSSAPIv2 spec explicitly requires the use of Latin-1.  What would be a bug 
would be to fail to convert strings which are _not_ Latin-1 on the wire.

Unfortunately, many existing implementations ignore this part of the spec, 
and instead either use whatever the current locale is for the API, 
converting between _that_ and whatever is used on the wire, or worse, do 
nothing at all, depending on the application to use the right encoding (and 
with some mechanisms, this works, as long as both ends behave that way and 
happen to use the same charset).


What Martin is proposing, for the upcoming GSSAPIv3, is a new set of API's 
which are defined to use UTF-8 rather than Latin-1.  The hope is that this 
time, both mechanisms and applications would actually stick to the spec, 
converting as needed between UTF-8 and whatever they actually want to use.

What Nico is proposing, also for the upcoming GSSAPIv3, is a different new 
set of API's, which provide a way for the caller to explicitly indicate 
what charset he is using.  It would then be up to the mechanism to convert 
between _that_ and whatever is needed on the wire.  He further proposes 
initially defining two values for the charset parameter, with one meaning 
"utf-8", and the other meaning "whatever the current locale is".

The advantages of either Martin's proposal or Nico's UTF-8 mode are the 
same: mechanisms need only deal with UTF-8, those mechanisms that use UTF-8 
on the wire need not do charset conversion at all (though they will still 
need to do whatever stringprep or other transforms are required to 
implement the mechanism), and applications working with data in a known 
charset can get a consistent behavior from the GSS-API which does not 
depend on the environment in which the application is run.

The advantages of Nico's current-locale mode is that applications which are 
working with data in a locale-dependent charset, including any data which 
is entered by or displayed to the user, can use a locale-dependent API 
which "just works" when presented with such data, and which plays nicely 
with the wide-variety of locale-dependent API's likely to exist on a 
locale-aware system(*).

Now, Martin has objected that Nico's approach would require mechanisms to 
perform converstion (which it would, as would the UTF-8 approach, for 
mechanisms not using UTF-8 on the wire).  This objection mostly seems to be 
based on the size of the code, and more significantly, the tables, required 
to perform such conversions.  That would be a valid concern if every 
mechanism implementation had to contain a copy of that code and those 
tables.  But the practical reality is that both applications and mechanisms 
are going to perform conversions using a system API provided for that 
purpose, so no matter what you do, the code and tables don't appear in 
either the application or mechanism implementation, but _do_ appear in the 
system.  So, I do not find this argument compelling.

Now, there are going to be issues with systems that provide no such 
interface.  On those systems, there's going to be trouble no matter what 
you do, unless both the application and mechanism work exclusively in 
UTF-8.  For well-desined mechanisms, you're still going to have a problem, 
because even a mechanism which never has to see a charset other than UTF-8 
is still going to have to do string preparation, generally including 
Unicode string normalization, which requires its own tables of nontrivial 
size.  And a platform that doesn't provide facilities for converting 
between UTF-8 and the locale-dependent charsets for whatever locales it 
supports is not going to provide facilities for Unicode normalization, 
either.

Note that on a system where only Unicode is supported, one can simply 
declare the "locale-dependent charset" to always be UTF-8, and then both of 
Nico's proposed modes act identically.


Myself, I very much like the idea that, in an environment which has locales 
and provides charset-conversion utilities, an application should be able to 
pass user-provided data expressed in the charset of the current locale 
directly to the API without having to deal with conversion.  As Nico points 
out, there are or should be way more applications than mechanisms, and we 
should make life convenient for application programmers.

I'm not saying that _every_ application should be forced to behave this 
way; each application should be able to choose the interface variant whcih 
works best for it.  And I have to admit, I also like the idea of having an 
interface that is extensible in this dimension.  Someday we're going to get 
conquered by technologically-advanced aliens who don't use Unicode, and 
we're going to have to support whatever charset they do use.



(*) Yes, Martin, we know that in 1993 there weren't so many such API's and 
the world was a pretty sad place for people who wanted to actually use 
locales.  However, the situation has changed, things work well today, and 
when designing a modern API it is reasonable to assume, to a certain 
extent, that the rest of the system is similarly modern.  It is not 
reasonable to constrain the design of a new API based on the limitations of 
13-year-old systems which are beyond their end-of-life and will never 
support the new API.


-- Jeff

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On Wed, 10 May 2006 13:08:00 -0400
Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu> wrote:

> For GSS-APIv3 we can choose to do something different.  What I am
> wondering is whether we need to define both a GSS-API and a GSS-SPI.
> The layer that implements both the GSS-API and the GSS-SPI would be
> responsible for handling translation from locale to UTF8 and mechanisms
> (which would only implement the GSS-SPI) would be required to handle
> UTF8 on their boundary.

I see. So you're more concerned with mechglue mechanism
interoperability? Is SPI "service provider interface"?

Mike

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On Wednesday, May 10, 2006 11:58:55 AM -0500 Nicolas Williams 
<Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

> It's pretty simple:
>
>  - we agree on requiring support only for Unicode in the API, with
>    appropriate language-specific bindings (e.g., UTF-8 for C bindings),
>
> but:
>
>  - I also insist on an optional locale's-current-codeset option because
>    on POSIX/POSIX-like platforms that is the most comfortable option for
>    application developers.

And after reading this discussion the past several days, I've decided that 
I support using an approach which provides for that additional mode.



The real question is, what do you do when an application tries to use a 
mode that is not supported?  And more importantly, how do you prevent that 
from happening too often?

Particularly, for the situation Nico is talking about, it would be nice if 
applications built in certain environments could assume the current-locale 
mode will work.  Ideally, it would be good if applications written for, 
say, POSIX, could simply assume the mode will work and thus not have to 
_have_ any code to deal with charset conversion.  To this end, I'll suggest 
a few requirements:


For the purposes of this proposal...

The phrase "locale-aware" refers to an environment in which there is some 
concept of "locale" or of a current or default character set which can be 
configured either system-wide or separately for each user, session, 
process, or whatever, _and_ in which _either_ it is possible to tell at 
runtime what charset is in use, _or_ there are standard system-provided 
interfaces which support conversion between the charset in use and a fixed 
or caller-specified charset.

The phrase "fixed-charset" refers to an environment in which only a single 
charset is used, and in which it is reasonable to expect that charset to be 
known at the time code is built for that environment.

It is possible to have environments which are neither locale-aware nor 
fixed-charset.

For example, a system whose interfaces all use UTF-8 exclusively is 
fixed-charset.  But a system which uses exactly one charset based on which 
of several mutually-exclusive packages is installed is _not_ fixed-charset, 
because the same program can end up being expected to use different 
charsets depending on the environment in which it is run.  Such an 
environment may be "locale-aware", if it is possible to tell at runtime 
which charset is in use, or if the system provides conversion routines 
between that cnarset and, say, UTF-8.


"Unicode mode" refers to a mode of operation in which the GSS-API uses 
Unicode strings, in some encoding which may be dependent on the language 
environment (for example, I'd expect C-bindings to use UTF-8, but in some 
other language it might be more natural to use UCS2 or UTF-16).

"Locale mode" refers to a mode of operation in which the strings used by 
GSS-API are expressed in a character set and encoding which depends on the 
environment.


(1) All GSS-API implementations MUST support the Unicode mode.

(2) In a fixed-charset environment which uses UTF-8 as the system charset,
    Locale mode MUST be supported and MUST use UTF-8.

(3) In a fixed-charset environment which uses a system charset other
    than UTF-8, but which provides a mechanism for converting between
    the system charset and UTF-8, Locale mode MUST be supported and
    MUST use the system charset.

(3) In other fixed-charset enviroments, Locale mode SHOULD be supported;
    if Locale mode is supported, it MUST use the system charset.

(4) In a locale-aware environment which provides facilities that can
    be used to convert between the current charset and UTF-8, Locale
    mode MUST be supported and MUST use the current charset.  Note that
    such facilities could consist of conversion functions which use the
    current charset implicitly, or of a generic conversion interface
    such as iconv() coupled, with a way to find the current charset.

So basically, you always have to support Unicode, and you also have to 
support Locale mode if the system provides the facilities needed for 
mechanisms to do so in a reasonable way.  This allows applications written 
for environments where such facilities are guaranteed to be available to 
make the assumption that Locale mode will be supported, without placing 
undue burden on mechanism implementors in environments where such 
facilities are not provided by the system.


It would probably be nice to be able to tell at compile time whether the 
Locale mode will be supported.  In C bindings, this might be done with a 
preprocessor symbol indicating support for Locale mode.  I consider this a 
reasonable approach because we are standardizing an API, not an ABI; 
implementors who want to standardize an ABI and provide multiple mechanisms 
supporting that ABI may have to introduce further constraints.


-- Jeff

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Offline Jeff Altman argues that the problem with my proposal is
GSS_C_CES_*.

So I offer, instead, this:

 - In the GSS-APIv3 deprecate (note that deprecate != remove):

    - GSS_Import_name() for any name type other than GSS_C_NT_EXPORTED_NAME
    - GSS_Display_name()
    - GSS_Display_status()


 - In the GSS-APIv3 add versions of the above functions that specify the
   use of Unicode in the abstract API, UTF-8 in the C bidnings, etc...

    - GSS_Import_name_unicode() (gss_import_name_utf8() in C bindings)
    - GSS_Display_name_unicode() (gss_display_name_utf8() in C bindings)
    - GSS_Display_status_unicode() (gss_display_status_utf8() in C bindings)


 - In the GSS-APIv3 add *optional* _utility_ function versions of the
   above that utilize the CES of the current locale:

    - GSS_Import_name_locale() (gss_import_name_locale())
    - GSS_Display_name_locale() (gss_display_name_locale())
    - GSS_Display_status_locale() (gss_display_status_locale())

   Suitable warnings about the limited applicability of these functions
   and the limited portability of applications that rely on these
   interfaces will be included in the specs.


 - In the GSS-APIv2u2 add a note about implementation history of the
   Latin-1 requirements of the GSS-APIv2u1, but otherwise change
   nothing.

   Though we may want to add the above to the GSS-APIv2u2 as well; I see
   no reason not to.

I believe this should make Jeff Altman happy (no GSS_C_CES_* symbols,
values, no registry or reuse of existing registries), as well as Martin.
It will certainly make me happy, and probably Jeff Hutzelman as well.

Cheers,

Nico
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Michael B Allen wrote:
> On Wed, 10 May 2006 13:08:00 -0400
> Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu> wrote:
> 
>> For GSS-APIv3 we can choose to do something different.  What I am
>> wondering is whether we need to define both a GSS-API and a GSS-SPI.
>> The layer that implements both the GSS-API and the GSS-SPI would be
>> responsible for handling translation from locale to UTF8 and mechanisms
>> (which would only implement the GSS-SPI) would be required to handle
>> UTF8 on their boundary.
> 
> I see. So you're more concerned with mechglue mechanism
> interoperability? Is SPI "service provider interface"?
> 
> Mike

SPI is "service provider interface".

Deciding to standardize a API / SPI model would require that the
IETF agree to standardize an ABI.  This would be a huge departure from
prior efforts and it would certainly go badly.

As Jeffrey Hutzelman reminds us, the GSS-API is an API and the API is
frequently implemented by the mechanisms themselves.  I made the above
comment in response to one of Martin's concerns which was the quantity
of code that mechanisms implementing GSS-API would be required to
implement.  I too am concerned about arbitrary levels of character-set
complexity being required of mechanisms.  Not all operating systems
on which GSS-API is implemented have a concept of locale.  Others as
Martin has pointed out do not have control over the character-set used
by the end user.  Martin's examples of 1993 HP-UX and Microsoft Windows
have been disregarded by this audience but user's entering data into
a web form which is later passed into GSS-API is a modern day example
of the same problem.  The user has a locale which is some Windows ANSI
code page, the web server is running under ISO Latin-1.  Now if the
user's input is provided to gss_foo() and it is expected to be
translated by GSS-API based upon the web server's locale, the
translation is going to be wrong.  The web server must take
responsibility for performing the translation from the user's input
locale to the web server's locale and therefore might as well convert
to UTF8.

I believe Nico's latest proposal is sufficient to reduce the burden
required of mechanism implementers while still providing the tools
necessary for applications that can benefit from a set of locale based
functions.

Jeffrey Altman

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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed May 10 15:31:13 2006
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From: Michael B Allen <mba2000@ioplex.com>
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Genereally I'm in your camp Jeff. Thanks for the summary.

If you guys want a UTF-8 interface that's fine as long as I (and I think
I speak for most if not all other developers) can ignore it. That's
the only point I feel strongly about. As for using UTF-8 internally,
that sounds like an implementation detail to me.

Mike

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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed May 10 16:18:23 2006
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On Wed, 10 May 2006 15:22:24 -0400
Jeffrey Altman <jaltman@columbia.edu> wrote:

> implement.  I too am concerned about arbitrary levels of character-set
> complexity being required of mechanisms.  Not all operating systems
> on which GSS-API is implemented have a concept of locale.  Others as

First, I regret saying "locale" because it's not like we're talking
about formatting monitary units. Each environment has a premier string
type and provides facilities for converted between that type and other
encodings. If it does not have such a facility then that system isn't
really a candidate for gssapi support in the first place.

Second, it seems to me that using UTF-8 internally is an implementation
detail and therefore I don't feel stongly about it. However, just in
case this somehow percolates up into developer space I just want to say
that I think it is *more* complex because in the non-UTF-8 case (which is
really all we're worried about) you're converting twice instead of once
(e.g. you could end up doing Latin1 <-> UTF-8 <-> ISO-8859-4).

I do acknowledge that there is an advantage to using UTF-8 for complex
string processing. If you're searching for an '@' sign in a string, with
UTF-8 you can use traditional strchr or *ch == '@' style code. Under
my proprosal the C implementation *might* be complicated with code to
extract each character with a routine like mbrtowc(3) and then compare
with something like wch == L'@'. But virtually 99% of that type of
processing occurs within the mechanism implementations which again seems
to me like an implementation specific detail. And thus mandating UTF-8
at mech boundries doesn't make sense to me.

> .... but user's entering data into
> a web form which is later passed into GSS-API is a modern day example
> of the same problem.  The user has a locale which is some Windows ANSI
> code page, the web server is running under ISO Latin-1.  Now if the
> user's input is provided to gss_foo() and it is expected to be
> translated by GSS-API based upon the web server's locale, the
> translation is going to be wrong.  The web server must take
> responsibility for performing the translation from the user's input
> locale to the web server's locale and therefore might as well convert
> to UTF8.

This is such an extreme example it's a red herring. Web servers provide
facilities for dealing with the different locales of clients. That is
clearly the responsibility of the web server and not of libraries used
by it.

Mike

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Subject: Re: Working Group Last Call (Take Two): Desired Enhancements to
 GSSAPI Naming
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The document "Desired Enhancements to GSSAPI Naming" has passed the
Working Group Last Call and will be forwarded to the IESG.

During the last call period a discussion of the need to address
internationalization issues was raised.   The rough consensus of the
working group is that internationalization is an issue related to but
separate from naming that can be addressed independently.

Active discussions in the working group are on-going with regards to
this topic.

Jeffrey Altman


Jeffrey Altman wrote:
> This note announces the start of a two week working group last call
> for the Kitten work item "Desired Enhancements to GSSAPI Naming".
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-kitten-gss-naming-04..txt
> 
> This document is intended to be published as Informational.  The
> document provides scope for the naming issues Kitten is attempting to solve.
> 
> The author believes that all responses received during the previous WGLC
> have been addressed.  Please perform another review and send feedback to
> the list stating that the review has been performed regardless of
> whether or not there are comments.
> 
> This WGLC ends at 00:00 EST on Thursday May 4, 2006.
> 
> Jeffrey Altman
> 
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Kitten mailing list
> Kitten@lists.ietf.org
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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed May 10 16:35:35 2006
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To: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
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On Wed, 10 May 2006 13:46:53 -0500
Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

>  - In the GSS-APIv3 deprecate (note that deprecate != remove):
> 
>     - GSS_Import_name() for any name type other than GSS_C_NT_EXPORTED_NAME
>     - GSS_Display_name()
>     - GSS_Display_status()
> 
> 
>  - In the GSS-APIv3 add *optional* _utility_ function versions of the
>    above that utilize the CES of the current locale:
> 
>     - GSS_Import_name_locale() (gss_import_name_locale())
>     - GSS_Display_name_locale() (gss_display_name_locale())
>     - GSS_Display_status_locale() (gss_display_status_locale())

Why not do:

>     - GSS_Import_name_latin1() (gss_import_name_latin1())
>     - GSS_Display_name_latin1() (gss_display_name_latin1())
>     - GSS_Display_status_latin1() (gss_display_status_latin1())

and leave the original functions alone but simply remove the "latin1"
requirement? That's basically how most implementations work now so you're
just aligning the spec with reality. Yes, I know for C implementations
"just-use-8" behavior will not be to spec but it wasn't before. Then
implementations can slowly add the necessary conversions fix things as
bugs pop up in existing code.

Mike

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On Wed, May 10, 2006 at 04:33:10PM -0400, Michael B Allen wrote:
> On Wed, 10 May 2006 13:46:53 -0500
> Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:
> 
> >  - In the GSS-APIv3 deprecate (note that deprecate != remove):
> > 
> >     - GSS_Import_name() for any name type other than GSS_C_NT_EXPORTED_NAME
> >     - GSS_Display_name()
> >     - GSS_Display_status()
> > 
> > 
> >  - In the GSS-APIv3 add *optional* _utility_ function versions of the
> >    above that utilize the CES of the current locale:
> > 
> >     - GSS_Import_name_locale() (gss_import_name_locale())
> >     - GSS_Display_name_locale() (gss_display_name_locale())
> >     - GSS_Display_status_locale() (gss_display_status_locale())
> 
> Why not do:
> 
> >     - GSS_Import_name_latin1() (gss_import_name_latin1())
> >     - GSS_Display_name_latin1() (gss_display_name_latin1())
> >     - GSS_Display_status_latin1() (gss_display_status_latin1())

I wouldn't oppose _latin1() versions of these functions as long as
they're optional, and if they were likely to be useful, but methinks
they'd not be useful.

> and leave the original functions alone but simply remove the "latin1"
> requirement? That's basically how most implementations work now so you're
> just aligning the spec with reality. Yes, I know for C implementations
> "just-use-8" behavior will not be to spec but it wasn't before. Then
> implementations can slowly add the necessary conversions fix things as
> bugs pop up in existing code.

The originals have been implemented both ways: just-use-locale's-codeset
and Latin-1.  Leaving them alone is not an option since some
implementations would be left with no standards compliant way to do what
they do without also modifying applications to do what the _locale()
utility functions would do anyways.

Nico
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Nico,

I like your updated proposal.

Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> So I offer, instead, this:
> 
>  - In the GSS-APIv3 deprecate (note that deprecate != remove):
> 
>     - GSS_Import_name() for any name type other than GSS_C_NT_EXPORTED_NAME
>     - GSS_Display_name()
>     - GSS_Display_status()

 + retain the current behaviour of existing implementations,
   but check out and non-ambiguously document what it **really** does!

> 
>  - In the GSS-APIv3 add versions of the above functions that specify the
>    use of Unicode in the abstract API, UTF-8 in the C bindings, etc...
> 
>     - GSS_Import_name_unicode() (gss_import_name_utf8() in C bindings)
>     - GSS_Display_name_unicode() (gss_display_name_utf8() in C bindings)
>     - GSS_Display_status_unicode() (gss_display_status_utf8() in C bindings)

I appreciate that.  :)

> 
>  - In the GSS-APIv3 add *optional* _utility_ function versions of the
>    above that utilize the CES of the current locale:
> 
>     - GSS_Import_name_locale() (gss_import_name_locale())
>     - GSS_Display_name_locale() (gss_display_name_locale())
>     - GSS_Display_status_locale() (gss_display_status_locale())

I know little about Java.
Is there something like "locale" on Java -- I mean at the GSS-API level?
There may be something when calling to the native code interface,
but I'm really wondering whether this applies to the Java GSS-API bindings.


-Martin

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Subject: Re: Updated I18N proposal
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On Wed, 10 May 2006 15:39:27 -0500
Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

> > >     - GSS_Import_name_latin1() (gss_import_name_latin1())
> > >     - GSS_Display_name_latin1() (gss_display_name_latin1())
> > >     - GSS_Display_status_latin1() (gss_display_status_latin1())
> 
> I wouldn't oppose _latin1() versions of these functions as long as
> they're optional, and if they were likely to be useful, but methinks
> they'd not be useful.

You're right. I don't know what I was thinking.

> > and leave the original functions alone but simply remove the "latin1"
> > requirement? That's basically how most implementations work now so you're
> > just aligning the spec with reality. Yes, I know for C implementations
> > "just-use-8" behavior will not be to spec but it wasn't before. Then
> > implementations can slowly add the necessary conversions fix things as
> > bugs pop up in existing code.
> 
> The originals have been implemented both ways: just-use-locale's-codeset
> and Latin-1.  Leaving them alone is not an option since some
> implementations would be left with no standards compliant way to do what
> they do without also modifying applications to do what the _locale()
> utility functions would do anyways.

But implementations of these functions never followed the spec in the
first place.

What about all the existing code that uses gss_display_name? As
mechs start to use extended charsets more and more the old code
will start to break. It's a lot easier to fix libgssapi as opposed
to running around adding "_locale" to all your code. In fact, I'll
make a bold prediction - implementors will make gss_import_name and
gss_import_name_locale behave exactly the same.

Mike

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On Wed, May 10, 2006 at 11:07:53PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> Nico,
> 
> I like your updated proposal.

Excellent.  We're close to consensus then.

Expect an I-D soon, and a respin of my expired I-Ds.

> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> > 
> > So I offer, instead, this:
> > 
> >  - In the GSS-APIv3 deprecate (note that deprecate != remove):
> > 
> >     - GSS_Import_name() for any name type other than GSS_C_NT_EXPORTED_NAME
> >     - GSS_Display_name()
> >     - GSS_Display_status()
> 
>  + retain the current behaviour of existing implementations,

Oh, I expect that existing implementations will do what they do.

>    but check out and non-ambiguously document what it **really** does!

In the IETF document?  I suppose we could, though maybe not
exhaustively.

> > 
> >  - In the GSS-APIv3 add versions of the above functions that specify the
> >    use of Unicode in the abstract API, UTF-8 in the C bindings, etc...
> > 
> >     - GSS_Import_name_unicode() (gss_import_name_utf8() in C bindings)
> >     - GSS_Display_name_unicode() (gss_display_name_utf8() in C bindings)
> >     - GSS_Display_status_unicode() (gss_display_status_utf8() in C bindings)
> 
> I appreciate that.  :)
> 
> > 
> >  - In the GSS-APIv3 add *optional* _utility_ function versions of the
> >    above that utilize the CES of the current locale:
> > 
> >     - GSS_Import_name_locale() (gss_import_name_locale())
> >     - GSS_Display_name_locale() (gss_display_name_locale())
> >     - GSS_Display_status_locale() (gss_display_status_locale())
> 
> I know little about Java.
> Is there something like "locale" on Java -- I mean at the GSS-API level?
> There may be something when calling to the native code interface,
> but I'm really wondering whether this applies to the Java GSS-API bindings.

I was hoping to leave the Java bindings to Java experts, but I can
research this and get back to you.  The point of saying "unicode" in the
abstract API is to leave the actual details to the bindings -- some
might use UTF-16, etc...  (some languages might not support anything
other than, say, US-ASCII, whatever).

Note also that I don't want to require Unicode 4.x, or 3.x or any
particular version, planes, etcetera in the abstract API.  Why?  Because
some language bindings that may be limited to UCS-2 may not be able to
comply.

Nico
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Martin Rex wrote:

>>  - In the GSS-APIv3 add *optional* _utility_ function versions of the
>>    above that utilize the CES of the current locale:
>>
>>     - GSS_Import_name_locale() (gss_import_name_locale())
>>     - GSS_Display_name_locale() (gss_display_name_locale())
>>     - GSS_Display_status_locale() (gss_display_status_locale())
> 
> I know little about Java.
> Is there something like "locale" on Java -- I mean at the GSS-API level?
> There may be something when calling to the native code interface,
> but I'm really wondering whether this applies to the Java GSS-API bindings.

I do not believe these will be implemented in the Java Bindings.
Java uses UCS2 Unicode character representation.  When calling out
to a native GSS-API mechanism it will want to use the gss_xxx_unicode()
versions.  Same for C#.

Jeffrey Altman

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On Wed, May 10, 2006 at 05:08:50PM -0400, Michael B Allen wrote:
> What about all the existing code that uses gss_display_name? As
> mechs start to use extended charsets more and more the old code
> will start to break. It's a lot easier to fix libgssapi as opposed
> to running around adding "_locale" to all your code. In fact, I'll
> make a bold prediction - implementors will make gss_import_name and
> gss_import_name_locale behave exactly the same.

Existing implementations can't be required to be made to comply with the
original spec.  Running code will keep running.  Code that doesn't run
will continue to not run.  End of story :)

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On Wed, 10 May 2006 16:20:19 -0500
Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

> On Wed, May 10, 2006 at 05:08:50PM -0400, Michael B Allen wrote:
> > What about all the existing code that uses gss_display_name? As
> > mechs start to use extended charsets more and more the old code
> > will start to break. It's a lot easier to fix libgssapi as opposed
> > to running around adding "_locale" to all your code. In fact, I'll
> > make a bold prediction - implementors will make gss_import_name and
> > gss_import_name_locale behave exactly the same.
> 
> Existing implementations can't be required to be made to comply with the
> original spec.  Running code will keep running.  Code that doesn't run
> will continue to not run.  End of story :)

If gss_display_name is supposed to maintain just-use-8 behavior and
someone now starts using a Cyrillic character in their username what is
the implementation supposed to do?

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On Wed, May 10, 2006 at 06:12:14PM -0400, Michael B Allen wrote:
> On Wed, 10 May 2006 16:20:19 -0500
> Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:
> 
> > On Wed, May 10, 2006 at 05:08:50PM -0400, Michael B Allen wrote:
> > > What about all the existing code that uses gss_display_name? As
> > > mechs start to use extended charsets more and more the old code
> > > will start to break. It's a lot easier to fix libgssapi as opposed
> > > to running around adding "_locale" to all your code. In fact, I'll
> > > make a bold prediction - implementors will make gss_import_name and
> > > gss_import_name_locale behave exactly the same.
> > 
> > Existing implementations can't be required to be made to comply with the
> > original spec.  Running code will keep running.  Code that doesn't run
> > will continue to not run.  End of story :)
> 
> If gss_display_name is supposed to maintain just-use-8 behavior and

Whatever was implemented.  Martin has an implementation that does what
RFC2743 said to do.

> someone now starts using a Cyrillic character in their username what is
> the implementation supposed to do?

Whatever it does now.

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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Wed May 10 18:50:34 2006
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Michael B Allen wrote:
> 
> If gss_display_name is supposed to maintain just-use-8 behavior and
> someone now starts using a Cyrillic character in their username what is
> the implementation supposed to do?

When the term "just-use-8" was being used to describe the "encoding"
of Kerberos principals in rfc1510 implementations, it meant that
integers in the range 0 to 127 were considered to be 7-Bit ASCII
characters while integers in the range -128 to -1 (or 128 to 255)
were treated as mere integers.  There is no such thing as a
cyrillic character for a "just-use-8" gssapi mechanism implementation.

*Applications* may interpret certain integers outside of 7-bit US-ASCII
as cyrillic characters (or more precisely, users might perceive those
integers as as cyrillic characters based on the font that is used
for visualization and/or the keyboard driver in use).

-Martin

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From: Jeffrey Hutzelman <jhutz@cmu.edu>
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On Wednesday, May 10, 2006 05:20:00 PM -0400 Jeffrey Altman 
<jaltman@columbia.edu> wrote:

> Martin Rex wrote:
>
>>>  - In the GSS-APIv3 add *optional* _utility_ function versions of the
>>>    above that utilize the CES of the current locale:
>>>
>>>     - GSS_Import_name_locale() (gss_import_name_locale())
>>>     - GSS_Display_name_locale() (gss_display_name_locale())
>>>     - GSS_Display_status_locale() (gss_display_status_locale())
>>
>> I know little about Java.
>> Is there something like "locale" on Java -- I mean at the GSS-API level?
>> There may be something when calling to the native code interface,
>> but I'm really wondering whether this applies to the Java GSS-API
>> bindings.
>
> I do not believe these will be implemented in the Java Bindings.
> Java uses UCS2 Unicode character representation.  When calling out
> to a native GSS-API mechanism it will want to use the gss_xxx_unicode()
> versions.  Same for C#.

In fact, now that I think about it, we need to be a little careful here.
The GSS-API has generally been defined as an abstract API plus language 
bindings for one or more languages.  There are protocol specifications 
written in terms of the abstract API, and I expect there will be more in 
the future.  We _don't_ want to get into a situation where protocols are 
specifying the use of GSS_Import_name_unicode() or GSS_Import_name_locale() 
explicitly -- that choice should be up to the needs of the application 
implementor.

I think that at the abstract API level, we get to hand-wave away the 
charset issue, as long as we make sure it is dealt with appropriately in 
the concrete language bindings.  So, Nico's proposal applies to the C 
language bindings, but not to C# or Java, and not to the abstract API.  One 
thing we do need to do is _remove_ the Latin-1 requirement from the 
abstract API, where it doesn't belong, and push it down to the C-language 
bindings.


There is still the question of when the *_locale versions must be 
implemented, and what charsets are required under what conditions.  My 
previous proposal in this area is still relevant, and I have seen neither 
comments on that nor alternate proposals.

-- Jeff

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Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> 
> I think that at the abstract API level, we get to hand-wave away the 
> charset issue, as long as we make sure it is dealt with appropriately in 
> the concrete language bindings.  So, Nico's proposal applies to the C 
> language bindings, but not to C# or Java, and not to the abstract API.

I also think we need not and should not touch the Astract / high-level
API specification, only the language bindings -- here the C-Bindings
(rfc-2744)


>
> One thing we do need to do is _remove_ the Latin-1 requirement from the 
> abstract API, where it doesn't belong, and push it down to the C-language 
> bindings.

There is no reference to Latin-1 at the abstract API today,
and I believe there never was.


-Martin

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On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 09:36:45AM -0400, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> I think that at the abstract API level, we get to hand-wave away the 
> charset issue, as long as we make sure it is dealt with appropriately in 
> the concrete language bindings.  So, Nico's proposal applies to the C 
> language bindings, but not to C# or Java, and not to the abstract API.  One 
> thing we do need to do is _remove_ the Latin-1 requirement from the 
> abstract API, where it doesn't belong, and push it down to the C-language 
> bindings.

I agree!  The abstract API spec should say something about I18N though,
something that amounts to saying that language bindings authors need to
take care of it, possibly recommending the use of Unicode.

> There is still the question of when the *_locale versions must be 
> implemented, and what charsets are required under what conditions.  My 
> previous proposal in this area is still relevant, and I have seen neither 
> comments on that nor alternate proposals.

I think they must be present but may return an error if not implemented.

Of course, why not implement them on any platforms that have non-UTF-8
locales?

Nico
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On May 11, 2006, at 09:36, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> On Wednesday, May 10, 2006 05:20:00 PM -0400 Jeffrey Altman  
> <jaltman@columbia.edu> wrote:
>> I do not believe these will be implemented in the Java Bindings.
>> Java uses UCS2 Unicode character representation.  When calling out
>> to a native GSS-API mechanism it will want to use the  
>> gss_xxx_unicode()
>> versions.  Same for C#.

Then the Java/C# bindings probably need to have a defined mechanism  
for handling received names outside the BMP.  (Raise an exception?)

> I think that at the abstract API level, we get to hand-wave away  
> the charset issue, as long as we make sure it is dealt with  
> appropriately in the concrete language bindings.  So, Nico's  
> proposal applies to the C language bindings, but not to C# or Java,  
> and not to the abstract API.

I agree.

Ken

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Martin Rex wrote:

> There is no reference to Latin-1 at the abstract API today,
> and I believe there never was.
> 
> 
> -Martin

The only reference to Latin-1 is in the C Bindings Section 3.2.2
Character Strings.

Jeffrey Altman

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On Thursday, May 11, 2006 04:15:21 PM +0200 Martin Rex <martin.rex@sap.com> 
wrote:

>> One thing we do need to do is _remove_ the Latin-1 requirement from the
>> abstract API, where it doesn't belong, and push it down to the
>> C-language  bindings.
>
> There is no reference to Latin-1 at the abstract API today,
> and I believe there never was.

You're right; the only reference to Latin-1 is in the C-language bindings.
Even that text is not very precise; it only says that "certain" data items 
"may be regarded" as Latin-1 strings; aside from a few examples, it doesn't 
say which ones.  The abstract API should be precise about what things are 
strings, and the language bindings should make it clear what the charset is 
for every string parameter.

-- Jeff

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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> I agree!  The abstract API spec should say something about I18N though,
> something that amounts to saying that language bindings authors need to
> take care of it, possibly recommending the use of Unicode.

Although I do agree it would be good to have that, and I definitely
want to see in when rfc2743 requires real changes (e.g. GSS-API v3),
I think it would be overkill if we opt for updating only the C-Bindings
in a GSS-API v2u2 style.

> 
> > There is still the question of when the *_locale versions must be 
> > implemented, and what charsets are required under what conditions.  My 
> > previous proposal in this area is still relevant, and I have seen neither 
> > comments on that nor alternate proposals.
> 
> I think they must be present but may return an error if not implemented.

I strongly disagree.

Several functions in GSS-API v2 are new (not present in GSS-API v1)
and optional (such as gss_export_sec_context/gss_import_sec_context),
and furthermore the message protection calls were renamed

  gss_seal/gss_unseal -> gss_wrap/gss_unwrap,

so having to provide a function pointer for a function that you
don't want to implement is somewhat alien to the gssapi history.

Applications have to deal with absence of optional functions and
renamed functions anyway -- and I will definitely will not provide
any of the locale functions in gssapi libraries that I create/distribute.

-Martin

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On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 08:55:22PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> > I think they must be present but may return an error if not implemented.
> 
> I strongly disagree.
> 
> Several functions in GSS-API v2 are new (not present in GSS-API v1)
> and optional (such as gss_export_sec_context/gss_import_sec_context),
> and furthermore the message protection calls were renamed
> 
>   gss_seal/gss_unseal -> gss_wrap/gss_unwrap,
> 
> so having to provide a function pointer for a function that you
> don't want to implement is somewhat alien to the gssapi history.
> 
> Applications have to deal with absence of optional functions and
> renamed functions anyway -- and I will definitely will not provide
> any of the locale functions in gssapi libraries that I create/distribute.

For v2u2, I agree, for v3 we can require that all of these be present...

Nico
-- 

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On Thursday, May 11, 2006 01:59:05 PM -0500 Nicolas Williams 
<Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

> On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 08:55:22PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
>> Nicolas Williams wrote:
>> > I think they must be present but may return an error if not
>> > implemented.
>>
>> I strongly disagree.
>>
>> Several functions in GSS-API v2 are new (not present in GSS-API v1)
>> and optional (such as gss_export_sec_context/gss_import_sec_context),
>> and furthermore the message protection calls were renamed
>>
>>   gss_seal/gss_unseal -> gss_wrap/gss_unwrap,
>>
>> so having to provide a function pointer for a function that you
>> don't want to implement is somewhat alien to the gssapi history.
>>
>> Applications have to deal with absence of optional functions and
>> renamed functions anyway -- and I will definitely will not provide
>> any of the locale functions in gssapi libraries that I create/distribute.
>
> For v2u2, I agree, for v3 we can require that all of these be present...

For v2u2, none of these will be present, as we are not empowered to change 
the existing API, only to clarify it.

For v3, I happen to agree with Martin's position that the *_locale 
functions should simply not exist if not implemented.  However, I very 
strongly object to his method of argument, which basically boils down to 
"you better do it my way because if you don't I'm going to ignore the spec 
and do it my way anyway".

-- Jeff

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On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 03:10:34PM -0400, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> For v2u2, none of these will be present, as we are not empowered to change 
> the existing API, only to clarify it.

That depends on what the new charter says w.r.t. I18N.  I've not seen
the text.

> For v3, I happen to agree with Martin's position that the *_locale 
> functions should simply not exist if not implemented.  However, I very 
> strongly object to his method of argument, which basically boils down to 
> "you better do it my way because if you don't I'm going to ignore the spec 
> and do it my way anyway".

I see no reason why in the v3 baseline we couldn't require all functions
to exist, but I also don't take a very strong position on this
particular matter.

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Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> 
> For v2u2, none of these will be present, as we are not empowered to change 
> the existing API, only to clarify it.
> 
> For v3, I happen to agree with Martin's position that the *_locale 
> functions should simply not exist if not implemented.  However, I very 
> strongly object to his method of argument, which basically boils down to 
> "you better do it my way because if you don't I'm going to ignore the spec 
> and do it my way anyway".

Sorry, I didn't mean to offend you personally, just wanted to clarify
that I take the liberty to entirely ignore a detail in a spec that
I consider a poor/inapropriate design choice.  There are a few things
in rfc3280 and in the X.509v3 Standard that I handle this way,
including the "subjectKeyIdentifier" presence, isCA presence in
EndEntity certs and criticality of certain attributes.


In GSS-API v2 there is unnecessary bloat with the OID_set utility
functions (which I did implement just for the same of the fun of it,
but which I would never expect to be provide from a gssapi v2 mechanism,
and the fubar-ed gss-api call gss_add_cred().


I do not mind if some gssapi mechanism implemented the three gssapi
call we were discussing to use the locale (and correct codepage-conversions)
instead of iso-8859-1 as the C-bindings says, because it is at least
slightly ambiguous.  John Wray (the author of the C-Bindings document)
posted a significantly more explicit statement on the use of ISO-8859-1
on the CAT Mailing list -- but that is not part of the official standard,
and one cannot blame implementors for this.


Really, it is much easier if you can check whether some library implements
a functionality with a simple "nm libxyz.so" or "dumpbin /exports xyz32.dll"
than having to write code, compile, run and look at the return code in
order to find out.


-Martin

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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Thu May 11 16:08:27 2006
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Date: Thu, 11 May 2006 15:08:15 -0500
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
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Subject: Re: Updated I18N proposal
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On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 09:58:51PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> > For v3, I happen to agree with Martin's position that the *_locale 
> > functions should simply not exist if not implemented.  However, I very 
> > strongly object to his method of argument, which basically boils down to 
> > "you better do it my way because if you don't I'm going to ignore the spec 
> > and do it my way anyway".
> 
> Sorry, I didn't mean to offend you personally, just wanted to clarify
> that I take the liberty to entirely ignore a detail in a spec that
> I consider a poor/inapropriate design choice.  There are a few things
> in rfc3280 and in the X.509v3 Standard that I handle this way,
> including the "subjectKeyIdentifier" presence, isCA presence in
> EndEntity certs and criticality of certain attributes.

Er, OK then.

Obviously specs can have mistakes, or parts of them may be much too
difficult to implement.  So we have to take some liberties.  We should
prefer to take as few such liberties as possible.

> In GSS-API v2 there is unnecessary bloat with the OID_set utility
> functions (which I did implement just for the same of the fun of it,
> but which I would never expect to be provide from a gssapi v2 mechanism,
> and the fubar-ed gss-api call gss_add_cred().

Remind me, off-list, what's wrong with gss_add_cred().

> I do not mind if some gssapi mechanism implemented the three gssapi
> call we were discussing to use the locale (and correct codepage-conversions)
> instead of iso-8859-1 as the C-bindings says, because it is at least
> slightly ambiguous.  John Wray (the author of the C-Bindings document)
> posted a significantly more explicit statement on the use of ISO-8859-1
> on the CAT Mailing list -- but that is not part of the official standard,
> and one cannot blame implementors for this.

I didn't either, but now that it's clear that you have implementations
which conflict with ours on this I do mind and I do want a better
solution than "ignore what the spec says."

> Really, it is much easier if you can check whether some library implements
> a functionality with a simple "nm libxyz.so" or "dumpbin /exports xyz32.dll"
> than having to write code, compile, run and look at the return code in
> order to find out.

Ideally there should be pre-processor defines...  But one can do all
this work at run-time (provided one has a modern run-time linker).
Still, it'd be even better if all functions in the baseline API are
guaranteed to be present, even if all some optional ones do is return
errors.

Nico
-- 

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On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 04:12:42PM -0400, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> Things that require running code to perform a configure test are evil.
> If you have to run code to do a test, you can't do that test in a 
> cross-compile environment.

I didn't say that compile-time tests are bad...

And, BTW, I don't agree with what you say, witness Java.

Given a sufficiently rich run-time then relying on run-time detection of
features is a good thing.

Nico
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 04:12:42PM -0400, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
>> Things that require running code to perform a configure test are evil.
>> If you have to run code to do a test, you can't do that test in a 
>> cross-compile environment.
> 
> I didn't say that compile-time tests are bad...
> 
> And, BTW, I don't agree with what you say, witness Java.
> 
> Given a sufficiently rich run-time then relying on run-time detection of
> features is a good thing.
> 
> Nico

I want my cake and eat it to.  I would like run-time detection
and compile time detection.

Jeffrey Altman


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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Thu May 11 16:44:42 2006
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On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 04:32:41PM -0400, Jeffrey Altman wrote:
> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> > On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 04:12:42PM -0400, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> >> Things that require running code to perform a configure test are evil.
> >> If you have to run code to do a test, you can't do that test in a 
> >> cross-compile environment.
> > 
> > I didn't say that compile-time tests are bad...
> > 
> > And, BTW, I don't agree with what you say, witness Java.
> > 
> > Given a sufficiently rich run-time then relying on run-time detection of
> > features is a good thing.
> > 
> > Nico
> 
> I want my cake and eat it to.  I would like run-time detection
> and compile time detection.

Exactly.

The only problem is that for the C bindings we can only portably specify
compile-time feature detection, and we can't even specify exactly how to
find the header file.

Yes, C can suck.

Nico
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On Thursday, May 11, 2006 04:32:41 PM -0400 Jeffrey Altman 
<jaltman@columbia.edu> wrote:

> Nicolas Williams wrote:
>> On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 04:12:42PM -0400, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
>>> Things that require running code to perform a configure test are evil.
>>> If you have to run code to do a test, you can't do that test in a
>>> cross-compile environment.
>>
>> I didn't say that compile-time tests are bad...
>>
>> And, BTW, I don't agree with what you say, witness Java.
>>
>> Given a sufficiently rich run-time then relying on run-time detection of
>> features is a good thing.
>>
>> Nico
>
> I want my cake and eat it to.  I would like run-time detection
> and compile time detection.

Right, and my point is that "compile time detection" cannot consist of 
compiling and running a test program that uses the run-time detection to 
tell you if the feature is available, because that doesn't work in 
cross-compile environments.

It turns out that the art of build-time feature detection is fairly well 
understood, at least in the UNIX/C world, and not breaking it is nice.  It 
turns out that tests that check for existence of a type, function, 
preprocessor symbol, etc are fairly easy to do.  Tests that check the value 
of a preprocessor symbol are a bit harder, and tests that require that you 
_call_ a function and check its behavior or return value are very poor.



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On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 04:56:14PM -0400, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> Right, and my point is that "compile time detection" cannot consist of 
> compiling and running a test program that uses the run-time detection to 
> tell you if the feature is available, because that doesn't work in 
> cross-compile environments.
> 
> It turns out that the art of build-time feature detection is fairly well 
> understood, at least in the UNIX/C world, and not breaking it is nice.  It 
> turns out that tests that check for existence of a type, function, 
> preprocessor symbol, etc are fairly easy to do.  Tests that check the value 
> of a preprocessor symbol are a bit harder, and tests that require that you 
> _call_ a function and check its behavior or return value are very poor.

I see this point, but C code that would use functions that may
optionally do nothing and return errors SHOULD always do run-time
detection of this and SHOULD NOT rely on compile-time detection of such
features.

Again, I'm not remotely opposed to have pre-processor defines for
compile-time detection of features.

Nico
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On Thursday, May 11, 2006 04:05:44 PM -0500 Nicolas Williams 
<Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

> On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 04:56:14PM -0400, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
>> Right, and my point is that "compile time detection" cannot consist of
>> compiling and running a test program that uses the run-time detection to
>> tell you if the feature is available, because that doesn't work in
>> cross-compile environments.
>>
>> It turns out that the art of build-time feature detection is fairly well
>> understood, at least in the UNIX/C world, and not breaking it is nice.
>> It  turns out that tests that check for existence of a type, function,
>> preprocessor symbol, etc are fairly easy to do.  Tests that check the
>> value  of a preprocessor symbol are a bit harder, and tests that require
>> that you  _call_ a function and check its behavior or return value are
>> very poor.
>
> I see this point, but C code that would use functions that may
> optionally do nothing and return errors SHOULD always do run-time
> detection of this and SHOULD NOT rely on compile-time detection of such
> features.

Ah, but if those functions aren't implemented, then maybe I want to compile 
in additional code that emulates them.  To do that, I _need_ to know the 
answer at compile time.

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On Thursday, May 11, 2006 04:05:44 PM -0500 Nicolas Williams 
<Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

> Again, I'm not remotely opposed to have pre-processor defines for
> compile-time detection of features.

Then I don't think we have a problem.

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On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 05:17:35PM -0400, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> 
> 
> On Thursday, May 11, 2006 04:05:44 PM -0500 Nicolas Williams 
> <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:
> 
> >On Thu, May 11, 2006 at 04:56:14PM -0400, Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> >>Right, and my point is that "compile time detection" cannot consist of
> >>compiling and running a test program that uses the run-time detection to
> >>tell you if the feature is available, because that doesn't work in
> >>cross-compile environments.
> >>
> >>It turns out that the art of build-time feature detection is fairly well
> >>understood, at least in the UNIX/C world, and not breaking it is nice.
> >>It  turns out that tests that check for existence of a type, function,
> >>preprocessor symbol, etc are fairly easy to do.  Tests that check the
> >>value  of a preprocessor symbol are a bit harder, and tests that require
> >>that you  _call_ a function and check its behavior or return value are
> >>very poor.
> >
> >I see this point, but C code that would use functions that may
> >optionally do nothing and return errors SHOULD always do run-time
> >detection of this and SHOULD NOT rely on compile-time detection of such
> >features.
> 
> Ah, but if those functions aren't implemented, then maybe I want to compile 
> in additional code that emulates them.  To do that, I _need_ to know the 
> answer at compile time.

And I will repeat this one last time: I don't oppose having C
prep-processor defines for this.

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On Thursday, May 11, 2006 03:08:15 PM -0500 Nicolas Williams 
<Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

>> Really, it is much easier if you can check whether some library
>> implements a functionality with a simple "nm libxyz.so" or "dumpbin
>> /exports xyz32.dll" than having to write code, compile, run and look at
>> the return code in order to find out.
>
> Ideally there should be pre-processor defines...  But one can do all
> this work at run-time (provided one has a modern run-time linker).
> Still, it'd be even better if all functions in the baseline API are
> guaranteed to be present, even if all some optional ones do is return
> errors.

Things that require running code to perform a configure test are evil.
If you have to run code to do a test, you can't do that test in a 
cross-compile environment.

-- Jeff

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From kitten-bounces@lists.ietf.org Fri May 12 12:37:39 2006
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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> The only problem is that for the C bindings we can only portably specify
> compile-time feature detection, and we can't even specify exactly how to
> find the header file.
> 
> Yes, C can suck.

Not if you do it correctly.  We use binary plug'n'play exclusively,
i.e. runtime dynamic loading of a third party shared library via
dlopen/LoadLibrary on all of our platforms with any of the
15 gssapi mechanism that are certified for interoperability and a few more.


You're out for much worse experiences when you have your application
compiled with C++ compiler A and try to dynamically load at runtime
a shared library from a third party vendor that was compiled with
a different C++ compiler and different class libraries.  I think
the problem occurs because the shared library is incorrectly built
(in combination with the global symbol space of the Unix loader)
but I'm still waiting for the resolution.


We have been using a gssapi_2.h header file based on the appendix
or the C-Bindings document with slight modifications.
We do not use the broken xom.h OID/OID_set definitions, but instead the
fallback definitions compatible to what MIT Kerberos 5 has been
using in 1995/1996 (the difference affects 64-bit platforms),
because we needed to be binary compatible to MIT Kerberos on Digital Unix.


Determining the features of a gssapi mechanism by the functions/symbols
which can be loaded/resolved dynamically at runtime works fine and reliably.
Dynamic runtime loading does not have any problem loading several seperate
shared libraries that export the exact same symbols/functions without
getting confused (about the dynamically loaded functions).
As mentioned, if the shared library has internal symbols not fully
resolved, your're up for unpleasant surprises for all meet-in-the-wild
combinations of apps and shared libs on Unix. 


GSS-API v2 is sufficiently clear that a portable application do
not need to include any product or mechanism specific header files
at compile time in order to be able to use it.  You might need that
for some dirty mech-specific tricks, though.


-Martin

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On Fri, May 12, 2006 at 06:37:05PM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> Nicolas Williams wrote:
> > 
> > The only problem is that for the C bindings we can only portably specify
> > compile-time feature detection, and we can't even specify exactly how to
> > find the header file.
> > 
> > Yes, C can suck.
> 
> Not if you do it correctly.  We use binary plug'n'play exclusively,
> i.e. runtime dynamic loading of a third party shared library via
> dlopen/LoadLibrary on all of our platforms with any of the
> 15 gssapi mechanism that are certified for interoperability and a few more.

Clearly.  We have a very nice runtime linker in Solaris.

That's not my complaint though.  My complaint is that nice runtime
linking isn't part of the C standard.

So, can we mention runtime linking in the C bindings spec?  I suspect
there will be resistance.  Certainly we can't offer much _detail_ as the
details of modern linking vary by platform.

E.g., on Solaris I'd recommend that mechglue use dlopen() with
RTLD_GROUP and RTLD_LOCAL flags to load mechanisms.  Does Linux's rtld
provide similar options?  Does MS'?  Can we be sufficiently abstract in
this regard?

Nico
-- 

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On Friday, May 12, 2006 11:44:56 AM -0500 Nicolas Williams 
<Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

> So, can we mention runtime linking in the C bindings spec?  I suspect
> there will be resistance.  Certainly we can't offer much _detail_ as the
> details of modern linking vary by platform.
>
> E.g., on Solaris I'd recommend that mechglue use dlopen() with
> RTLD_GROUP and RTLD_LOCAL flags to load mechanisms.  Does Linux's rtld
> provide similar options?  Does MS'?  Can we be sufficiently abstract in
> this regard?

Linux's (glibc's) rtld provides RTLD_LOCAL; in fact, it is the default, as 
it should be.  But it doesn't provide RTLD_GROUP, which is fairly essential 
to the problem you're thinking of.

In any case, no, I don't think the GSS-API C bindings spec is the right 
place to get up on that particular soapbox.  Doing so is IMHO more likely 
to be confusing than helpful, especially since the rest of the document 
specifies an API, not an ABI.  For example, that means that applications 
and mechanisms (or whatever glue is behind the API) _do_ need to agree on 
the exact declarations of things, what the structure types are, the values 
of various constants, and so on.  So no, an application does not need to be 
built against a mechanism-specific header, but the app and meechanism need 
to agree on an ABI, which is outside the scope of the GSS-API spec.

-- Jeff

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On May 12, 2006, at 12:37, Martin Rex wrote:
> Not if you do it correctly.  We use binary plug'n'play exclusively,
> i.e. runtime dynamic loading of a third party shared library via
> dlopen/LoadLibrary on all of our platforms with any of the
> 15 gssapi mechanism that are certified for interoperability and a  
> few more.

I'm a bit surprised that this works, given the latitude granted in  
the C bindings spec.  Stuff like "pointer or integral type", where  
some platforms handle pointers and integers differently in function  
calls, two Windows function calling conventions, and other stuff,  
some of which is discussed in RFC 2744 Appendix B.  But if you've  
found that most or all implementations do behave consistently enough  
to have an ABI, perhaps we should see if that appendix should be  
updated with more specifics, or an informational doc published.

Or is it the case that there are other implementations you can't use,  
and they're just not "certified for interoperability"?

Ken

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On Fri, May 12, 2006 at 04:52:28PM -0400, Ken Raeburn wrote:
> On May 12, 2006, at 12:37, Martin Rex wrote:
> >Not if you do it correctly.  We use binary plug'n'play exclusively,
> >i.e. runtime dynamic loading of a third party shared library via
> >dlopen/LoadLibrary on all of our platforms with any of the
> >15 gssapi mechanism that are certified for interoperability and a  
> >few more.
> 
> I'm a bit surprised that this works, given the latitude granted in  
> the C bindings spec.  Stuff like "pointer or integral type", where  
> some platforms handle pointers and integers differently in function  
> calls, two Windows function calling conventions, and other stuff,  
> some of which is discussed in RFC 2744 Appendix B.  But if you've  
> found that most or all implementations do behave consistently enough  
> to have an ABI, perhaps we should see if that appendix should be  
> updated with more specifics, or an informational doc published.

I think we might be able to have a largish non-normative appendix on ABI
considerations, including advice on dynamic linking, run-time link/
loading, etc...  Martin argues, privately, that we could do that (or at
least that's what I understood, Martin), and I think it would be good to
do that, even if it means having some platform-specific contents in
there.

Nico
-- 

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On Friday, May 12, 2006 05:11:19 PM -0500 Nicolas Williams 
<Nicolas.Williams@sun.com> wrote:

> On Fri, May 12, 2006 at 04:52:28PM -0400, Ken Raeburn wrote:
>> On May 12, 2006, at 12:37, Martin Rex wrote:
>> > Not if you do it correctly.  We use binary plug'n'play exclusively,
>> > i.e. runtime dynamic loading of a third party shared library via
>> > dlopen/LoadLibrary on all of our platforms with any of the
>> > 15 gssapi mechanism that are certified for interoperability and a
>> > few more.
>>
>> I'm a bit surprised that this works, given the latitude granted in
>> the C bindings spec.  Stuff like "pointer or integral type", where
>> some platforms handle pointers and integers differently in function
>> calls, two Windows function calling conventions, and other stuff,
>> some of which is discussed in RFC 2744 Appendix B.  But if you've
>> found that most or all implementations do behave consistently enough
>> to have an ABI, perhaps we should see if that appendix should be
>> updated with more specifics, or an informational doc published.
>
> I think we might be able to have a largish non-normative appendix on ABI
> considerations, including advice on dynamic linking, run-time link/
> loading, etc...  Martin argues, privately, that we could do that (or at
> least that's what I understood, Martin), and I think it would be good to
> do that, even if it means having some platform-specific contents in
> there.

Maybe instead of a largish non-normative appendix, it would be appropriate 
to have a largish non-normatve separate document ?

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Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:

> Maybe instead of a largish non-normative appendix, it would be
> appropriate to have a largish non-normatve separate document ?

I would prefer an informational document as well.

Jeffrey Altman


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