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Date: Tue, 01 May 2007 16:00:46 +1000
From: "David Leonard" <David.Leonard@quest.com>
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Cc: kitten@ietf.org, Tom Yu <tlyu@MIT.EDU>
Subject: Re: Pluggable GSSAPI
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Martin Rex wrote:
>Tom Yu wrote:
>>The answer to this question determines whether a mechanism has a good
>>way to decide when to garbage-collect dynamic state associated with a
>>minor_status value.
>>   =20
>
>While a minor_status text containing dynamic situation-specific =
information
>might be helpful in a small number of situations, it is quite possible
>for gssapi mechanisms to get along just fine with a 32-bit flat integer
>and no dynamic resources whatsoever.
>=20
>With GSS-API v2 I see no other possibility than to use a (ring) buffer
>for a small number of past errors, potentially thread-local if that
>is an issue.  I've seen implementations doing this and it worked well.
>If the only thing that's being done is to echo back the entire
>offending input parameter, then I don't really see the need.
>
> =20
Isn't jolding messages in a ring buffer just pushing the problem into a=20
smaller, but still dynamic allocator? Mechanism error messages are most=20
useful when they contain specific information, such as the input=20
parameters perhaps (but more usually a configured filename or setting)=20
and that means dynamically allocated strings.

You're right that minor_status codes don't need to be exposed to an=20
application if all you want is the display text. Good riddance to=20
minor_status integers, I say!

I'm in two minds about Nico's idea of using the existing pointers as an=20
app context. I call it gssapi v2.5 and it's a bit like a durian. Smells=20
bad, but satisfying. I find it attractive because of the=20
usable-and-workable-right-now aspect, and appalling because it's a hack. =

Unless gssapiv3 has something amazing, I reckon use of v2.5 will be=20
effective and could hamper adoption of v3.

The complaints against pursuing an OO influence on the GSSAPI are=20
interesting. I didn't intend to suggest that we allow subclassing of the =

gssapi and let dependencies get out of hand like the gtk+ example. It's=20
a good warning sign, but my stand is completely the opposite: I'd like=20
to see a flexible control channel between the application and mechanism=20
implementations so we can avoid existing dependencies like=20
gss_krb5_copy_ccache(). Returning to the OO influence idea, I mean=20
moving global state into managed entities (e.g. app contexts), and then=20
re-thinking the GSSAPI functions as methods on those entities.

There is already a de facto mapping from the GSSAPI to an ABI so I don't =

think we need to worry too much about that. I'm not even sure how a=20
standard ABI could be drafted.

d
--=20
David Leonard
Resource Central software engineer
Quest Software; 303 Adelaide St, Brisbane, Australia; www.quest.com
Phone: (US) +1 801 655 2755  (AU) +61 7 3023 5133=20




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Subject: Re: Pluggable GSSAPI
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As former chair of this working group I am going to offer the following
opinion.  Incremental modifications to GSSAPIv2 are not going to provide
a satisfying solution.  GSSAPIv2 programming is already too confusing
for the vast majority of developers.  Modifying the semantics of the API
such that if X & Y & Z are true then it behaves like v2.5 but otherwise
behaves like v2.0 is simply going to be too difficult to learn but more
importantly, it will too hard for a developer to determine if the
correct set of pieces are available.

This thread has raised some very interesting ideas that could be used to
improve the usability of the GSSAPI while maintaining a compatible wire
protocol.  I strongly suggest you focus on developing GSSAPIv3 and do so
in such a manner that minimizes the amount of work necessary for a
mechanism developer to support both GSSAPIv2 and GSSAPIv3 within the
same module.

Jeffrey Altman
Secure Endpoints Inc.


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Subject: Re: Pluggable GSSAPI
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On Tue, May 01, 2007 at 04:00:46PM +1000, David Leonard wrote:
> I'm in two minds about Nico's idea of using the existing pointers as an 
> app context. I call it gssapi v2.5 and it's a bit like a durian. Smells 
> bad, but satisfying. I find it attractive because of the 
> usable-and-workable-right-now aspect, and appalling because it's a hack. 
> Unless gssapiv3 has something amazing, I reckon use of v2.5 will be 
> effective and could hamper adoption of v3.

I'm one of those few people outside Malaysia who likes Durian.  That
might explain it.

Nico
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On Tue, May 01, 2007 at 07:58:37AM -0400, Jeffrey Altman wrote:
> As former chair of this working group I am going to offer the following
> opinion.  Incremental modifications to GSSAPIv2 are not going to provide
> a satisfying solution.  GSSAPIv2 programming is already too confusing
> for the vast majority of developers.  Modifying the semantics of the API
> such that if X & Y & Z are true then it behaves like v2.5 but otherwise
> behaves like v2.0 is simply going to be too difficult to learn but more
> importantly, it will too hard for a developer to determine if the
> correct set of pieces are available.

I'm not so sure.  The best part about incremental changes is that it's
easier to get them deployed and used.

It's all about trade-offs.

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On Tue, 01 May 2007 16:00:46 +1000
"David Leonard" <David.Leonard@quest.com> wrote:

> The complaints against pursuing an OO influence on the GSSAPI are 
> interesting. I didn't intend to suggest that we allow subclassing of the 
> gssapi and let dependencies get out of hand like the gtk+ example. It's 
> a good warning sign, but my stand is completely the opposite: I'd like 
> to see a flexible control channel between the application and mechanism 
> implementations so we can avoid existing dependencies like 
> gss_krb5_copy_ccache(). Returning to the OO influence idea, I mean 
> moving global state into managed entities (e.g. app contexts), and then 
> re-thinking the GSSAPI functions as methods on those entities.

I don't really think that using a context "object" to hold and abstract
state and calling functions methods is object orientated programming. To
have object orientation you need polymorphism and there is no polymorphism
in my example.

The API I am pitching just uses a single stateful context to hold and
abstract the state of authentication, options, parameters or anything
that would otherwise be scattered about and passed to functions that
take 10 parameters.

As a programmer, it is my experience that the organisation of state used
by the krb5_* and ldap_* apis is easier to use and more flexible than
other techniques.

The procedures and semantics of abstract GSSAPI routines would not change.

If anyone feels like this is worth exploring let me know and I'll look
into it. I am curious to know if it could be constructed as a stub on
top of an existing implementation.

Mike

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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> On Tue, May 01, 2007 at 03:24:19AM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> >
> > while the beauty of GSS-API (at least at the C-level) is that
> > you can easily get a large number of fully interoperable
> > implementations over many years.  We've been doing
> > binary plug'n'play with ~15 third-party gssapi mechanism
> > for the last 9 years.
> 
> You are reaching.  The standard is extensible, the protocol aspects of
> it not nearly as complex as the API itself, and as for the bits on the
> wire, the API itself defines very little.

That's probably why it has the word "generic" in its name.  ;-)

> 
> Also, there is no ABI for the C bindings, and that truly sucks.

NOT AT ALL.  The information in rfc-2744 C-Bindings Appendix B is perfectly
sufficient for binary plug'n'play.  We always intended to be using
GSS-API v2 with binary plug'n'play since 1996 and (aside from buggy
and broken gssapi mechanism implementations) it works like a charm.
Paired with common sense rfc-2744 Appendix A gssapi.h sample header file
and Appendix B Additional constraints for application binary portability
it is sufficiently close to an ABI for all practical purposes.

(There was one potential problem due to the reference of "xom.h"
 and the braindead binary-incompatible change of xom.h for 64-bit
 for the OID_set structure, but that problem cured itself all alone
 by xom.h and its ilks becoming extinct long ago.)


> 
> > 
> > For GSS-API, the question would be whether parallel calls
> > (in seperate threads) to message protection (=write) and
> > message unprotection (=read) on the same gssapi security context handle
> > should be supported.
> 
> RPCSEC_GSS depends on it!

But you do realize that GSS-API does NOT address multithreading at all,
so from the spec alone, one must NOT assume that concurrency is allowed
for any of the GSS-API calls.  And even gssapi mechanism that support
multi-threading in some fashion will NOT automatically allow concurrency
on the same object handles (=data structures).

If RPCSEC_GSS really _depends_ on this, it will work only with a very
small set of hand-selected GSS-API mechanisms and looking at SPNEGO
and for plug'n'play would be looking for neverending trouble.


-Martin

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Nicolas Williams wrote:
> 
> In the C bindings the minor_status parameter is always a OM_uint32 *, it
> is always a pointer.  And my proposal doesn't change the type, it's
> backwards compatible, both for binaries and source.

I'm sorry, but you appear to be misled.

Look at the function signature of gss_display_status again:
(taken from the sample header in rfc-2744, where I just noticed
 that it lacks an asterisk...):

   OM_uint32 gss_display_status
                 (OM_uint32 *,            /* minor_status */
                  OM_uint32,              /* status_value */
                  int,                    /* status_type */
                  const gss_OID,          /* mech_type */
                  OM_uint32 ,             /* message_context */
                  gss_buffer_t            /* status_string */
                 );

The minor_status that gss_display_status() translates into text
is the second function parameter and a 32-bit integer, NOT a pointer.
The first argument to all gss_api functions is a return parameter
to this particular function, and for gss_display_status(), it is
likely a local scratch variable that will get ENTIRELY ignored.

Quoting from MIT's krb5-1.0.5 gss-sample/gss_misc.c:

    static void display_status_1(m, code, type)
         char *m;
         OM_uint32 code;
         int type;
    {
         OM_uint32 maj_stat, min_stat;
         gss_buffer_desc msg;
         OM_uint32 msg_ctx;

         msg_ctx = 0;
         while (1) {
              maj_stat = gss_display_status(&min_stat, code,
                                           type, GSS_C_NULL_OID,
                                           &msg_ctx, &msg);
              if (display_file)
                  fprintf(display_file, "GSS-API error %s: %s\n", m,
                          (char *)msg.value);
              (void) gss_release_buffer(&min_stat, &msg);

              if (!msg_ctx)
                   break;
         }
    }

> 
> > I have seen gssapi mechanism that keep additional state around
> > for failed gssapi calls in a pretty useful and fairly robust
> > fashion.
> 
> Only by making assumptions about the app's thread model.

Wrong.  The GSS-API doesn't deal with multi-threading at all,
so first of all the app MUST apply the necessary precaution when
it does use multi-threading -- in particular if the app wants to
be a portable app and run with arbitrary gssapi mechanisms.

For multi-threading, this usually means that the app needs to
use locking around each GSS-API call, and in the particular
case here, the app should hold the lock until after any successor
call to gss_display_status() after a failed gss-api call.

The app also needs to make sure that the same lock is used
for all "protocol abstractions" that might involve the usage of
the same gssapi mechanism with the apps process space -- which
might be challenging for complex apps, in particular on Microsoft
Windows platforms where code duplication in DLLs is much more common
than on Posix platforms.


If you need efficient multithreading support for GSS-API plus
plug'n'play with arbitrary mechanisms, you should really work
hard and fast on a GSS-API v3 that provides the necessary API calls
(init/finis) and documents exactly what level of concurrency a
compliant mechanism must provide.


> 
> > They keep a small ring buffer of dynamically allocated failure messages
> > for failed gssapi calls and they related by minor_status code only.
> > If one cares for thread-safety, using a small ring buffer per-thread
> > might do for that.  Cleaning up dynamic thread local storage
> 
> That won't suffice: it assumes threads don't do GSS work for multiple
> different peers.  In today's world lots of multi-threaded apps don't
> dedicate a thread to each peer, instead they are async apps that use
> threads for concurrency.

Huh?  Of course that is sufficient.  If the app calls gss_display_status()
right after the failed GSS-API call, then this works perfectly fine and
100% reliable.


-Martin

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On Wednesday, May 02, 2007 12:14:33 PM +0200 Martin Rex 
<Martin.Rex@sap.com> wrote:

> Nicolas Williams wrote:
>>
>> In the C bindings the minor_status parameter is always a OM_uint32 *, it
>> is always a pointer.  And my proposal doesn't change the type, it's
>> backwards compatible, both for binaries and source.
>
> I'm sorry, but you appear to be misled.

Nope.  He said that "minor_status" is always a pointer, and he is correct. 
He said nothing about the "status_value_ parameter to gss_display_status. 
You're the one who keeps bringing up the issue of the type of that 
parameter, which is irrelevant to Nico's proposal.


> Look at the function signature of gss_display_status again:
> (taken from the sample header in rfc-2744, where I just noticed
>  that it lacks an asterisk...):
>
>    OM_uint32 gss_display_status
>                  (OM_uint32 *,            /* minor_status */
>                   OM_uint32,              /* status_value */
>                   int,                    /* status_type */
>                   const gss_OID,          /* mech_type */
>                   OM_uint32 ,             /* message_context */
>                   gss_buffer_t            /* status_string */
>                  );
>
> The minor_status that gss_display_status() translates into text
> is the second function parameter and a 32-bit integer, NOT a pointer.

Correct.  However, you're missing Nico's point.  His proposal is to provide 
a new operation like this:

OM_uint32 gss_create_app_context(OM_uint32 *minor_status);

This operation returns results as usual, by returning the major status and 
storing the minor status in *minor_status.  However, if it succeeds it also 
has the side-effect of informing the GSS provider that any future calls to 
GSS-API functions with the same minor_status parameter (that is, the same 
_pointer_, not the same pointed-to value) are part of the same application 
context.  This information can be used by the provider to associate a 
context with parameters (set by additional new API functions), and also to 
remember complex error state.

So, as an example, when a GSS-API call fails in a way that makes it 
desirable to pass back dynamic error state(*), it can allocate a dynamic 
minor status value and store the mapping from that value to the complete 
error information with the context.  Then when gss_display_status is called 
with "minor_status" being the same pointer as used in previous calls, and 
status_value set to the dynamically-allocated value, it can look at the 
context to find the detailed information required to construct a status 
string for that value.

Note that, as Nico pointed out, all of this functionality applies only to 
applications which call gss_create_app_context.  By making that call, such 
applications indicate that they want the features provided by app contexts 
and agree to obey the additional constraints imposed by the extended 
interface.  For example, they MUST use the registered minor_status pointer 
for all GSS-API calls which are part of that context (note that the pointer 
is still a pointer to an OM_uint32 and is still used to return minor_status 
values), and they MUST use gss_display_status rather than attempt to 
interpret or display minor status values directly.

(*) Yes, there are situations in which dynamically-allocated minor status 
values and additional error information are relevant, and a 32-bit 
namespace with static meaning simply will not cut it.  For example, a krb5 
mechanism implementation that fails to find a service key may wish to 
report the name, enctype, and kvno of the service key it as unable to find. 
Two of these are permitted to be arbitrary 32-bit integers, and the third 
has a namespace much larger than that.




Nico:





>> > I have seen gssapi mechanism that keep additional state around
>> > for failed gssapi calls in a pretty useful and fairly robust
>> > fashion.
>>
>> Only by making assumptions about the app's thread model.
>
> Wrong.  The GSS-API doesn't deal with multi-threading at all,
> so first of all the app MUST apply the necessary precaution when
> it does use multi-threading -- in particular if the app wants to
> be a portable app and run with arbitrary gssapi mechanisms.
>
> For multi-threading, this usually means that the app needs to
> use locking around each GSS-API call, and in the particular
> case here, the app should hold the lock until after any successor
> call to gss_display_status() after a failed gss-api call.

And this is an assumption you make about the app's threading model.  There 
is nothing in the GSS-API which requires applications to behave in this 
way, and while it is generally accepted that holding a lock around each 
call is required, there is nothing in the GSS-API spec which suggests that 
an application would need to hold a lock around multiple calls in order for 
a call to gss_display_status to return meaningful results.



> Huh?  Of course that is sufficient.  If the app calls gss_display_status()
> right after the failed GSS-API call

Sounds like another assumption to me, or perhaps the same one.  When 
designing an API, and especially when extending an existing one, you don't 
get to make assumptions about what applications do that go beyond what the 
spec says the MUST do.  The GSS-API spec does not discuss threading at all; 
it certainly does not specify that an application wishing to get meaningful 
results from gss_display_status MUST make the gss_display_status call 
before making any other GSS-API call in the same thread.




Nico....

I think I like your proposal.  It is elegant and probably qualifies as a 
hack (sense 2).  However, it has a fatal flaw - if Martin didn't see what 
you were getting at, than neither will most mere mortals.  I think that in 
the name of sanity, we need to pass on this one.

I think I'm beginning to agree with Jeff on this one - skip the band-aids 
on GSSAPIv2, and deal with this properly in v3.

-- Jeff

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Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> 
> Correct.  However, you're missing Nico's point.  His proposal is to provide 
> a new operation like this:
> 
> OM_uint32 gss_create_app_context(OM_uint32 *minor_status);
> 
> This operation returns results as usual, by returning the major status and 
> storing the minor status in *minor_status.  However, if it succeeds it also 
> has the side-effect of informing the GSS provider that any future calls to 
> GSS-API functions with the same minor_status parameter (that is, the same 
> _pointer_, not the same pointed-to value) are part of the same application 
> context.  This information can be used by the provider to associate a 
> context with parameters (set by additional new API functions), and also to 
> remember complex error state.

That would mean that perfectly correct GSS-API v2 application will
receive a much less useful error information than GSS-API v2.5
apps that know how to frob gss_create_app_context()?

Which would mean that this is *NOT* about a fully backwards compatible
change for GSS-API v2 -- I explicitly asked about this!

If you want a feature with GSS-API v2, then by all means make it
work fully and correctly with the existing spec and portable
apps based on it.

Otherwise make the necessary changes to the API that you need
and go for a backwards incompatible GSS-API v3.


A truely portable application should be perfectly fine with a
very small number of static buffers.   Make it per thread
if your mechanism is offering multi-threading beyond GSS-API v2
and the application (ab)uses this.

An application with massive parallelism (whether multi-threaded
or single-threaded asynchronus) that does *NOT* pick up and
error code directly after a failed GSS-API call deserves to loose
because it is severely broken.


-Martin

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On Fri, May 04, 2007 at 06:04:52AM +0200, Martin Rex wrote:
> That would mean that perfectly correct GSS-API v2 application will
> receive a much less useful error information than GSS-API v2.5
> apps that know how to frob gss_create_app_context()?

No, they *already* receive much less useful error information than they
_could_ with this extension.

> Which would mean that this is *NOT* about a fully backwards compatible
> change for GSS-API v2 -- I explicitly asked about this!

Your facts are incorrect (see above), so we don't necessarily have to
debate the merits of this [astounding and truly tyranical] view of
backward compatibility.

Can you actually find a valid technical argument against the proposal?

If not then please say so and then attack the proposal from a stylistic
or idealistic p.o.v.

E.g., "this feels odd and will be difficult to explain without
explaining the history of it, so why not do the gss3_* thing instead?"

Such arguments are legitimate.  They're also subjective.  As is any
argument for my proposal.

This is a choice between pragmatism (incremental change) and. idealism
(start from scratch).

I can be idealistic at times, so I'm sympathetic.  I can also be
pragmatic.

And let's be absolutely clear: even GSSv3 would have to be backwards
compatible with GSSv2 at the application protocol level.  Oh, sure, we
might introduce new token types for new functionality, but they'd never
be produced where app protocols that use GSSv2 wouldn't expect them.  I
mention this because if you care about the GSS-APIv2u1 then you cannot
say "you can't touch this, but you can do what you like in GSSv3" and
wash your hands -- you'd have to continue to pay attention and seek to
protect the protocol from our supposedly misguided efforts.

Both, this proposal (OK, let's call it GSSv2.5) and a GSSv3 approach
require some minor editing of existing GSS application code, but the
pragmatic approach, GSSv2.5, requires somewhat less editing of
application code and *much* less editing of framework/ mechanism code,
which means it should be much easier to implement and deploy quickly
(meaning: at all).

Nico
-- 

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hOn Fri, 4 May 2007, Martin Rex wrote:

> Jeffrey Hutzelman wrote:
> >
> > Correct.  However, you're missing Nico's point.  His proposal is to provide
> > a new operation like this:
> >
> > OM_uint32 gss_create_app_context(OM_uint32 *minor_status);
> >
> > This operation returns results as usual, by returning the major status and
> > storing the minor status in *minor_status.  However, if it succeeds it also
> > has the side-effect of informing the GSS provider that any future calls to
> > GSS-API functions with the same minor_status parameter (that is, the same
> > _pointer_, not the same pointed-to value) are part of the same application
> > context.  This information can be used by the provider to associate a
> > context with parameters (set by additional new API functions), and also to
> > remember complex error state.
>
> That would mean that perfectly correct GSS-API v2 application will
> receive a much less useful error information than GSS-API v2.5
> apps that know how to frob gss_create_app_context()?

Well, yes.  The proposed new interface makes it possible for the GSS-API
provider to provide more detailed information than is possible under the
current GSS-APIv2 interface.  Existing apps should get as much
information as they always have; the fact that they can't get more is not
reason to impose that limitation on new applications.


> Which would mean that this is *NOT* about a fully backwards compatible
> change for GSS-API v2 -- I explicitly asked about this!

Yes, it is backward-compatible.  Existing applications will continue to
work the same as they always have.


> A truely portable application

You keep using this phrase, but what you mean is "an application that not
only complies with the spec, but with my preconceptions about what
mechanisms must and must not do based on how my own application behaves.
I understand you have a fairly complete test suite for verifying that
GSS-API mechanisms will work with SAP, and it's useful for finding
problems with mechanism implementations.  However, the GSS-API
specification is defined byb RFC2743, not by your test suite or by your
memory of what you or anyone else might have been thinking when it was
written.



> An application with massive parallelism (whether multi-threaded
> or single-threaded asynchronus) that does *NOT* pick up and
> error code directly after a failed GSS-API call deserves to loose
> because it is severely broken.

Again, you are conflating "does not meet my expectations" with "severly
broken".  They are not the same thing, and you need to stop making
assertions to the effect that anything that does not conform to your
expectations or philosophy is "broken" or "deserves to lose".  That is not
how reasonable people develop protocol or API standards.

-- Jeff


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I'm very pleased to announce the new kitten chairs:

Shawn M Emery <Shawn.Emery@Sun.COM>
and
Alexey Melnikov <alexey.melnikov@isode.com>

Because of previous commitments it may be a while for the new chairs
to spin up, but we do expect to meet in Chicago.

Shawn is a document author in Kerberos and has been following kitten
for a while.  Alexey is a chair, working group secretary, and document
author.  He too has been following kitten.

--Sam


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Date: Tue, 8 May 2007 10:41:23 -0500
From: Nicolas Williams <Nicolas.Williams@sun.com>
To: Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>
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Subject: Re: Please welcome your new chairs
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On Tue, May 08, 2007 at 11:00:22AM -0400, Sam Hartman wrote:
> 
> 
> I'm very pleased to announce the new kitten chairs:
> 
> Shawn M Emery <Shawn.Emery@Sun.COM>
> and
> Alexey Melnikov <alexey.melnikov@isode.com>
> 
> Because of previous commitments it may be a while for the new chairs
> to spin up, but we do expect to meet in Chicago.
> 
> Shawn is a document author in Kerberos and has been following kitten
> for a while.  Alexey is a chair, working group secretary, and document
> author.  He too has been following kitten.

Excellent.  Thank you!

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