
From mpeck@mitre.org  Tue Oct  1 05:34:30 2013
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From: "Peck, Michael A" <mpeck@mitre.org>
To: "Paul Miller (NT)" <paumil@microsoft.com>, Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>, Benjamin Kaduk <kaduk@MIT.EDU>
Thread-Topic: [kitten] draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01
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Cc: "kitten@ietf.org" <kitten@ietf.org>, Michiko Short <michikos@microsoft.com>
Subject: Re: [kitten] draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01
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Hi Paul,

Your example plaintexts below wouldn't result in ambiguous behavior with
PKCS #7 padding.
As described in RFC5652 Section 6.3, your second plaintext example would
have a full block of padding added.

Our reasoning for using an explicit IV:
Comply with the definition of CBC in NIST SP 800-38A (or the definition of
CTS in NIST SP 800-38A Addendum),
it's the current standard cryptographic practice,
and save an unnecessary encryption/decryption operation per message.


Mike


On 9/24/13 6:00 PM, "Paul Miller (NT)" <paumil@microsoft.com> wrote:

>Through GSS_Wrap, the fact that we are encrypting at least the header per
>RFC 4121 ensures that the message is not less than one block.  The use of
>the cipher suite in the context establishment could be a problem, however.
>
>Without the confounder to avoid the short message problem, there could be
>ambiguity between what is CTS encoded to exact length and what is padded
>when the cipher text is exactly one block length.  That is to say that
>the plain texts:
>
>01 23 45 67 89 ab cd ef 01 23 45 67 89 ab cd
>01 23 45 67 89 ab cd ef 01 23 45 67 89 ab cd 01
>
>Would end up encrypting the same and could not be distinguished as the
>former would need to PKCS #7 pad and the latter would just CBC the single
>block.
>
>I'm sorry I missed a lot of the context from prior discussions, but what
>is the reason for using a traditional IV instead of the confounder?  I
>don't see a difference in security and using the confounder like cipher
>text allows CTS for short inputs.
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: kitten-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:kitten-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
>Of Sam Hartman
>Sent: Tuesday, September 24, 2013 7:42 AM
>To: Benjamin Kaduk
>Cc: kitten@ietf.org; Michiko Short; Sam Hartman
>Subject: Re: [kitten] draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01
>
>>>>>> "Benjamin" =3D=3D Benjamin Kaduk <kaduk@MIT.EDU> writes:
>
>    Benjamin> On Mon, 23 Sep 2013, Sam Hartman wrote:
>    >> Hi.  With my chair hat on, does anyone wish to re-open the
>    >> discussion of the CBC decision based on this late input?
>
>    Benjamin> No comment on that particular question as of yet, but I
>    Benjamin> would ask for a clarification from Paul -- when he says
>    Benjamin> that "We use CTS today with AES so the complexity penalty
>    Benjamin> for using it is already paid.  Using known-good code
>    Benjamin> reduces the chance of introducing new security holes.",
>    Benjamin> does this account for the difference between the existing
>    Benjamin> enctypes (17,18) and the propsed enctypes with respect to
>    Benjamin> the use of a confounder versus explicit initialization
>    Benjamin> vector, and the the corresponding need to special-case
>    Benjamin> short inputs in the new proposal?  I could not tell what
>    Benjamin> Microsoft's position on the short-input behavior was from
>    Benjamin> Paul's initial message.
>
>well, I can't think of a way to get to a short-input case throguh SSPI.
>
>It seems like we're having the discussion, so that bar has been reached.
>_______________________________________________
>Kitten mailing list
>Kitten@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten
>_______________________________________________
>Kitten mailing list
>Kitten@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten


From mpeck@mitre.org  Tue Oct  1 06:10:07 2013
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From: "Peck, Michael A" <mpeck@mitre.org>
To: "Paul Miller (NT)" <paumil@microsoft.com>, "kitten@ietf.org" <kitten@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [kitten] draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01
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--_000_CE7039AD655Empeckmitreorg_
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="Windows-1252"
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I just uploaded our latest CBC draft.  It's probably awaiting WG chair appr=
oval.  It's here temporarily: http://www.ietf.org/staging/draft-ietf-kitten=
-aes-cbc-hmac-sha2-00.txt
We're obviously happy to follow whatever the WG consensus ends up being for=
 CBC vs CTS.

SHA-384 is in our drafts because it's one of the Suite B hash algorithms.  =
We'd be happy to add the AES-256 and HMAC-SHA-512 combination too.

I believe there was some prior mailing list discussion about AES-CMAC.  We =
didn't use it because it only provides 128 bits.

Mike


From: "Paul Miller (NT)" <paumil@microsoft.com<mailto:paumil@microsoft.com>=
>
Date: Friday, September 20, 2013 8:28 PM
To: "kitten@ietf.org<mailto:kitten@ietf.org>" <kitten@ietf.org<mailto:kitte=
n@ietf.org>>
Cc: Michiko Short <michikos@microsoft.com<mailto:michikos@microsoft.com>>
Subject: [kitten] draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01

I should first introduce myself as I am most likely unfamiliar to most of y=
ou.  My name is Paul Miller and I am the developer responsible for the Kerb=
eros implementation in Windows.  In addition to working on Kerberos, I also=
 am primarily responsible for the SSPI interface.  Michiko Short is out of =
office until November; in the interim I will be the Microsoft representativ=
e to the working group.  I apologize for the lateness of this communication=
.

Last month I met with Michiko and our cryptographer Niels Ferguson along wi=
th a few other stakeholders to discuss the draft and the possibility of usi=
ng the CBC cipher mode instead of CTS.  Our conclusion is that the risk of =
application compatibility when using a cipher suite that does not preserve =
the length of the cipher text is too high.  Most Windows consumers of SSPI =
for user authentication call SPNEGO.  This historically negotiates either K=
erberos or NTLM.  NTLM uses the RC4 stream cipher which preserves length, w=
hile Kerberos between Windows systems would use either RC4 or AES-CTS, both=
 of which are length preserving.  While it is true that most applications d=
o not call into SSPI directly, instead going through a component like RPC t=
hat will handle message encryption correctly, even the fraction of applicat=
ions that call directly still represents thousands of pieces of software.  =
Of these, a non-trivial percentage are likely not to handle data expansion =
correctly.  It is true that DES has padding and that as a result callers sh=
ould handle this correctly, but due to the fact that DES has never been neg=
otiated by default between Windows systems (and is even disabled by default=
 in current versions) means that test coverage of third party applications =
with DES encryption is essentially non-existent.

Due to the application compatibility risk that we would face, we do not fee=
l that CBC is worth the risk.  CTS is proven to work for our callers.

Here are some other unordered observations from that meeting:

We use CTS today with AES so the complexity penalty for using it is already=
 paid.  Using known-good code reduces the chance of introducing new securit=
y holes.

Using SHA-384 serves no purpose.  It=92s the same operation as SHA-512 and =
thus no cheaper to perform.

Alternately, there as AES-CMAC which has the benefit of reusing the AES cod=
e and can be accelerated with AES-NI, but it is only 128 bits of output.

I would also offer that CTS is in fact CBC where the padding is cipher text=
 from the second to last block.  The property of this padding where we can =
then omit the cipher text that is absorbed into the last block of plain tex=
t in order to preserve length is orthogonal to the properties of the cipher=
 mode.  I do not see where using the CTS mode would then impact the ability=
 of cryptographic implementations to support AES or the compliance of those=
 implementations with security standards.

Paul J. Miller


--_000_CE7039AD655Empeckmitreorg_
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e-break: after-white-space; ">
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
I just uploaded our latest CBC draft. &nbsp;It's probably awaiting WG chair=
 approval. &nbsp;It's here temporarily:&nbsp;<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org=
/staging/draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cbc-hmac-sha2-00.txt">http://www.ietf.org/st=
aging/draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cbc-hmac-sha2-00.txt</a></div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
We're obviously happy to follow whatever the WG consensus ends up being for=
 CBC vs CTS.</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
SHA-384 is in our drafts because it's one of the Suite B hash algorithms. &=
nbsp;We'd be happy to add the AES-256 and HMAC-SHA-512 combination too.</di=
v>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
I believe there was some prior mailing list discussion about AES-CMAC. &nbs=
p;We didn't use it because it only provides 128 bits.</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
Mike</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
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 BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">From: </span>&quot;Paul Miller (NT)&quot; =
&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:paumil@microsoft.com">paumil@microsoft.com</a>&gt;<br=
>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">Date: </span>Friday, September 20, 2013 8:=
28 PM<br>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">To: </span>&quot;<a href=3D"mailto:kitten@=
ietf.org">kitten@ietf.org</a>&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:kitten@ietf.org">=
kitten@ietf.org</a>&gt;<br>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">Cc: </span>Michiko Short &lt;<a href=3D"ma=
ilto:michikos@microsoft.com">michikos@microsoft.com</a>&gt;<br>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>[kitten] draft-ietf-kitten=
-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I should first introduce myself as I am most likely =
unfamiliar to most of you.&nbsp; My name is Paul Miller and I am the develo=
per responsible for the Kerberos implementation in Windows.&nbsp; In additi=
on to working on Kerberos, I also am primarily
 responsible for the SSPI interface.&nbsp; Michiko Short is out of office u=
ntil November; in the interim I will be the Microsoft representative to the=
 working group.&nbsp; I apologize for the lateness of this communication.<o=
:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Last month I met with Michiko and our cryptographer =
Niels Ferguson along with a few other stakeholders to discuss the draft and=
 the possibility of using the CBC cipher mode instead of CTS.&nbsp; Our con=
clusion is that the risk of application
 compatibility when using a cipher suite that does not preserve the length =
of the cipher text is too high.&nbsp; Most Windows consumers of SSPI for us=
er authentication call SPNEGO.&nbsp; This historically negotiates either Ke=
rberos or NTLM.&nbsp; NTLM uses the RC4 stream
 cipher which preserves length, while Kerberos between Windows systems woul=
d use either RC4 or AES-CTS, both of which are length preserving.&nbsp; Whi=
le it is true that most applications do not call into SSPI directly, instea=
d going through a component like RPC
 that will handle message encryption correctly, even the fraction of applic=
ations that call directly still represents thousands of pieces of software.=
&nbsp; Of these, a non-trivial percentage are likely not to handle data exp=
ansion correctly.&nbsp; It is true that DES
 has padding and that as a result callers should handle this correctly, but=
 due to the fact that DES has never been negotiated by default between Wind=
ows systems (and is even disabled by default in current versions) means tha=
t test coverage of third party applications
 with DES encryption is essentially non-existent.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Due to the application compatibility risk that we wo=
uld face, we do not feel that CBC is worth the risk.&nbsp; CTS is proven to=
 work for our callers.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Here are some other unordered observations from that=
 meeting:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-indent:.5in">We use CTS today with AES=
 so the complexity penalty for using it is already paid.&nbsp; Using known-=
good code reduces the chance of introducing new security holes.<o:p></o:p><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-indent:.5in"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-indent:.5in">Using SHA-384 serves no p=
urpose.&nbsp; It=92s the same operation as SHA-512 and thus no cheaper to p=
erform.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-indent:.5in"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-indent:.5in">Alternately, there as AES=
-CMAC which has the benefit of reusing the AES code and can be accelerated =
with AES-NI, but it is only 128 bits of output.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I would also offer that CTS is in fact CBC where the=
 padding is cipher text from the second to last block.&nbsp; The property o=
f this padding where we can then omit the cipher text that is absorbed into=
 the last block of plain text in order
 to preserve length is orthogonal to the properties of the cipher mode.&nbs=
p; I do not see where using the CTS mode would then impact the ability of c=
ryptographic implementations to support AES or the compliance of those impl=
ementations with security standards.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Paul J. Miller<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
</div>
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From: Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>
To: "Paul Miller \(NT\)" <paumil@microsoft.com>
References: <ldvob7fmmq0.fsf@cathode-dark-space.mit.edu> <68eb2a3d201548349da7634f867a46cc@BLUPR03MB279.namprd03.prod.outlook.com>
Date: Tue, 01 Oct 2013 15:53:43 -0400
In-Reply-To: <68eb2a3d201548349da7634f867a46cc@BLUPR03MB279.namprd03.prod.outlook.com> (Paul Miller's message of "Fri, 27 Sep 2013 22:56:07 +0000")
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Subject: Re: [kitten] explicit CBC IVs vs confounders: covert channels	(draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2)
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>>>>> "Paul" == Paul Miller (NT) <paumil@microsoft.com> writes:

    Paul> While I agree with the analysis that the use of a confounder
    Paul> will limit the exposure of the state of a faulty PRNG, I don't
    Paul> see this as a problem that needs to be addressed by Kerberos.
    Paul> The RNG is a system service and not part of the Kerberos
    Paul> specification.  RFC 4120 references RFC 4086 "Randomness
    Paul> Requirements for Security" so the condition not to use a PRNG
    Paul> that leaks state is already covered.  Between nonces and
    Paul> randomly generated session keys, there are plenty of other
    Paul> avenues for insufficient randomness to manifest.  This is not
    Paul> to say that I disagree with using a confounder.  A confounder
    Paul> is quite useful as a source of cipher text from which to steal
    Paul> in order to make CTS work with short inputs.

The issue here in my mind is that it seems like we as a community have
paid inadequate attention to what the damage of a malicious RNG could do
is.  We've been focusing on the sorts of things described in RFC 4086,
rather than RNGS maliciously affected either in implementation or
standards.

That class of attack having been pointed out, we should consider its
impact on security systems we design.

I agree that introducing another covert channel by which random data can
leak is kind of uninteresting.

However, an attacker who can predict your RNG state will now be much
more able to predict future explicit IVs.
Where as that attacker will find it difficult to predict explicit
confounders without knowing the key.

I have not yet figured out whether this matters.

From nico@cryptonector.com  Tue Oct  1 15:19:54 2013
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From: Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>
To: Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>
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Subject: Re: [kitten] explicit CBC IVs vs confounders: covert channels (draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2)
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For uses of RFC3961 without state chaining there's no way to prove
that the confounder was obtained by encrypting a random IV...  So
confounding isn't necessarily sufficient to prevent leaking of RNG
state or keys, at least not for GSS mechanism uses.  And even where
chaining is used, there is one initial state case where the sender
might not have produced a confounder by encrypting a random IV, so
confounding does little to prevent leakage of RNG state (or outright
leakage of keys) via the confounder.

In light of recent events, I would like us to design protocols that
-as much as possible- have no public nonces, and where they are
necessary, they should be as small as possible and their cryptographic
purpose replaced/augmented by the plaintext of nonces sent enciphered
as soon as appropriate key material is available.  For Kerberos this
may require a revamp of RFC3961, with attendant changes to
implementations' APIs and to applications (so they may use the new
enctypes), unless we get clever.  If we're not prepared to do either
(upate RFC3961 or get clever) at this time, then which I think I
prefer to stick to confounding, with the security considerations
involved noted.

Of course, the right thing to do is to not leak RNG outputs by using
them as random IVs directly.  As various participants have pointed out
in various crypto lists, we all assumed no one would do *that* (use a
conjectured-backdoored RNG's outputs directly as nonces and keys), and
this sentiment will be even stronger going forward.  Preventing peers
from compromising one's communications with them is desirable, but I
think the best we can do is limit their covert channels for doing so,
and since one must trust one's peers to a fairly large degree... I'm
not too concerned here and I'm willing to settle for either random IVs
or confounders if there's no support for doing something better.

Nico
--

From paumil@microsoft.com  Tue Oct  1 16:06:24 2013
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From: "Paul Miller (NT)" <paumil@microsoft.com>
To: "Peck, Michael A" <mpeck@mitre.org>, Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>,  Benjamin Kaduk <kaduk@MIT.EDU>
Thread-Topic: [kitten] draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01
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Subject: Re: [kitten] draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01
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I omitted the critical context for my statement.  We cannot follow the beha=
vior in RFC3962 for short cipher texts if we are to use an IV instead of a =
confounder.

RFC3962 says this in section 5:

   Ciphertext stealing, as defined in [RC5], assumes that more than one
   block of plain text is available.  If exactly one block is to be
   encrypted, that block is simply encrypted with AES (also known as ECB
   mode).  Input smaller than one block is padded at the end to one
   block; the values of the padding bits are unspecified.

This behavior of using padding for text shorter than one block and not padd=
ing block sized inputs creates the ambiguity.  We just never encountered an=
y problems due to the use of the confounder which prevents inputs smaller t=
han one block from occurring.

The CTS behavior in draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2 describes cipher te=
xt stealing from the nonce handling short inputs.  I do not have any strong=
 feelings on IV versus confounder so long as we keep using CTS in a mode th=
at can steal from the IV to handle short inputs.

-----Original Message-----
From: Peck, Michael A [mailto:mpeck@mitre.org]=20
Sent: Tuesday, October 1, 2013 5:34 AM
To: Paul Miller (NT); Sam Hartman; Benjamin Kaduk
Cc: kitten@ietf.org; Michiko Short
Subject: Re: [kitten] draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01

Hi Paul,

Your example plaintexts below wouldn't result in ambiguous behavior with PK=
CS #7 padding.
As described in RFC5652 Section 6.3, your second plaintext example would ha=
ve a full block of padding added.

Our reasoning for using an explicit IV:
Comply with the definition of CBC in NIST SP 800-38A (or the definition of =
CTS in NIST SP 800-38A Addendum), it's the current standard cryptographic p=
ractice, and save an unnecessary encryption/decryption operation per messag=
e.


Mike


On 9/24/13 6:00 PM, "Paul Miller (NT)" <paumil@microsoft.com> wrote:

>Through GSS_Wrap, the fact that we are encrypting at least the header=20
>per RFC 4121 ensures that the message is not less than one block.  The=20
>use of the cipher suite in the context establishment could be a problem, h=
owever.
>
>Without the confounder to avoid the short message problem, there could=20
>be ambiguity between what is CTS encoded to exact length and what is=20
>padded when the cipher text is exactly one block length.  That is to=20
>say that the plain texts:
>
>01 23 45 67 89 ab cd ef 01 23 45 67 89 ab cd
>01 23 45 67 89 ab cd ef 01 23 45 67 89 ab cd 01
>
>Would end up encrypting the same and could not be distinguished as the=20
>former would need to PKCS #7 pad and the latter would just CBC the=20
>single block.
>
>I'm sorry I missed a lot of the context from prior discussions, but=20
>what is the reason for using a traditional IV instead of the=20
>confounder?  I don't see a difference in security and using the=20
>confounder like cipher text allows CTS for short inputs.
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: kitten-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:kitten-bounces@ietf.org] On=20
>Behalf Of Sam Hartman
>Sent: Tuesday, September 24, 2013 7:42 AM
>To: Benjamin Kaduk
>Cc: kitten@ietf.org; Michiko Short; Sam Hartman
>Subject: Re: [kitten] draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01
>
>>>>>> "Benjamin" =3D=3D Benjamin Kaduk <kaduk@MIT.EDU> writes:
>
>    Benjamin> On Mon, 23 Sep 2013, Sam Hartman wrote:
>    >> Hi.  With my chair hat on, does anyone wish to re-open the
>    >> discussion of the CBC decision based on this late input?
>
>    Benjamin> No comment on that particular question as of yet, but I
>    Benjamin> would ask for a clarification from Paul -- when he says
>    Benjamin> that "We use CTS today with AES so the complexity penalty
>    Benjamin> for using it is already paid.  Using known-good code
>    Benjamin> reduces the chance of introducing new security holes.",
>    Benjamin> does this account for the difference between the existing
>    Benjamin> enctypes (17,18) and the propsed enctypes with respect to
>    Benjamin> the use of a confounder versus explicit initialization
>    Benjamin> vector, and the the corresponding need to special-case
>    Benjamin> short inputs in the new proposal?  I could not tell what
>    Benjamin> Microsoft's position on the short-input behavior was from
>    Benjamin> Paul's initial message.
>
>well, I can't think of a way to get to a short-input case throguh SSPI.
>
>It seems like we're having the discussion, so that bar has been reached.
>_______________________________________________
>Kitten mailing list
>Kitten@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten
>_______________________________________________
>Kitten mailing list
>Kitten@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Common Authentication Technology Next Gen=
eration Working Group of the IETF.

	Title           : AES Encryption with HMAC-SHA2 for Kerberos 5
	Author(s)       : Michael J. Jenkins
                          Michael A. Peck
                          Kelley W. Burgin
	Filename        : draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cbc-hmac-sha2-00.txt
	Pages           : 15
	Date            : 2013-10-01

Abstract:
   This document specifies two encryption types and two corresponding
   checksum types for Kerberos 5.  The new types use AES in CBC mode
   with plaintext padding for confidentiality and HMAC with a SHA-2 hash
   for integrity.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cbc-hmac-sha2

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cbc-hmac-sha2-00


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


From alexey.melnikov@isode.com  Fri Oct  4 05:58:49 2013
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From: Alexey Melnikov <alexey.melnikov@isode.com>
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To: Simon Josefsson <simon@josefsson.org>
References: <51FEEC99.1020901@stpeter.im> <52090F96.30700@stpeter.im> <522E5CAA.5010902@stpeter.im> <CAK3OfOifNHzyCC=Acy7ZUykTJ7bU4ecH0iJw8VkhyOpSOrk+hQ@mail.gmail.com> <5230B3B3.3040805@babelmonkeys.de> <87zjr2pmhs.fsf@latte.josefsson.org> <tslk3i68fsa.fsf@mit.edu> <87txharmne.fsf@latte.josefsson.org> <tslbo3i54rw.fsf@mit.edu> <20130924231746.73c578b7@latte.josefsson.org>
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Cc: "kitten@ietf.org" <kitten@ietf.org>, Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>, "precis@ietf.org" <precis@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [kitten] Fwd: Re: I-D Action: draft-ietf-precis-saslprepbis-04.txt
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On 24/09/2013 22:17, Simon Josefsson wrote:
> You wrote:
>>>>>>> "Simon" == Simon Josefsson <simon@josefsson.org> writes:
>>      Simon> like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, SSH, etc could be revised.  I don't
>>      Simon> believe any of that will happen, so we'll have to live with
>>      Simon> case sensitive usernames, and my take is that I18N
>>      Simon> documents should permit that.
>>
>> I'm not sure any of the above hase case sensitive usernames.
>> They permit usernames to be case sensitive.
>> However a lot of implementations treat the username as case
>> insensitive.
>>
>> I do think this is an appropriate issue for an IETF an document, but I
>> do think considering the impact on legacy systems is important.
>> I don't think we need to require there be no impact, simply understand
>> an accept it.
> Agreed, but the devil is in the detail.  For example, I would say that
> any I18N effort that changes how ASCII usernames ([A-Za-z0-9...])
> behave have gone too far down the road that causes damage to legacy
> systems.
Case folding for usernames in draft-ietf-precis-saslprepbis-04.txt is a 
SHOULD, so I think you are Ok. I.e. compatibility with a legacy system 
is a good enough reason to violate the SHOULD.

> For passwords, there are also security aspects, since case
> folding reduces entropy.
draft-ietf-precis-saslprepbis-04.txt recommends against case folding for 
passwords.
> Maybe in some of these details we can find
> were we agree and disagree.


From hartmans@mit.edu  Fri Oct  4 06:54:56 2013
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From: Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>
To: kitten@ietf.org
Date: Fri, 04 Oct 2013 09:48:21 -0400
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Subject: [kitten] Input on Paul's concerns about aes-cbc
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Folks, I'd really appreciate input from those who responded to the AES
CBC consensus call.

1) Do you need any additional information to evaluate Paul's message?

2) Has Paul's message caused you to revise your opinions in any way?

Comments from those who did not respond to the consensus call are also
welcome.

From ghudson@mit.edu  Fri Oct  4 07:24:13 2013
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Subject: Re: [kitten] Input on Paul's concerns about aes-cbc
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On 10/04/2013 09:48 AM, Sam Hartman wrote:
> 1) Do you need any additional information to evaluate Paul's message?

I don't think so.  We are still curious about the details of legacy 
application risk (i.e. what kinds of things might a legacy SSPI 
application do wrong such that it works now but fails with a padded 
enctype), but the conclusion is pretty clear.

> 2) Has Paul's message caused you to revise your opinions in any way?

Yes; I think a CBC-padded enctype is more problematic for Microsoft than 
we had concluded based on previous input.  However, I am still 
uncomfortable with the amount of novel cipher mode design in 
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01 to 
handle short inputs.

I am interested in the outcome of the discussion about using a 
confounder instead of an explicit IV.  Although confounders are less 
efficient than explicit IVs and less consistent with current 
cryptographic practice, using them does have several advantages 
(simplifying the CTS short-input problem down to the case of zero-length 
inputs; reducing the impact of PRNG compromise under specific threat 
mdels; allowing more implementation sharing with RFC 3962).

I have also spent some more time thinking about CTR mode as you 
suggested earlier (where we pick a random 128-bit nonce and use some 
function f(nonce, blocknum) to produce the counter for each block), and 
whether a nonce or block counter collision is any worse than a CBC 
cipher-block collision.  I noted that a CTR nonce collision would leak 
the XOR of the entire plaintexts of two multi-block messages, while a 
CBC cipher-block collision or only leaks the XOR of the plaintexts of 
the two colliding blocks, and a CBC IV/confounder collision only leaks 
information about how many blocks of two messages are identical.


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Subject: Re: [kitten] Input on Paul's concerns about aes-cbc
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On Fri, Oct 4, 2013 at 9:17 AM, Greg Hudson <ghudson@mit.edu> wrote:
> On 10/04/2013 09:48 AM, Sam Hartman wrote:
>>
>> 1) Do you need any additional information to evaluate Paul's message?
>
> I don't think so.  We are still curious about the details of legacy
> application risk (i.e. what kinds of things might a legacy SSPI application
> do wrong such that it works now but fails with a padded enctype), but the
> conclusion is pretty clear.

I can't tell if Paul is acting out of [quite reasonable] conservatism,
or if he's really identified actual failure modes of existing
applications (or likely ones), nor has he indicated whether there's
any way to work around such failures (by, e.g., downgrading to CTS
enctypes), nor whether any such workarounds are acceptable.

I'm not going to insist on -say- proprietary evidence.  Indeed, I like
the random IV CTS mode we cooked up.  I just think we need to
understand the *actual* constraints, in so far as they can be
published, so that we can a) not have this conversation again later,
b) understand how those constraints might apply to future proposals,
c) document how developers should write code so as not to impose these
constraints on us.

> I have also spent some more time thinking about CTR mode as you suggested
> earlier (where we pick a random 128-bit nonce and use some function f(nonce,
> blocknum) to produce the counter for each block), and whether a nonce or
> block counter collision is any worse than a CBC cipher-block collision.  I
> noted that a CTR nonce collision would leak the XOR of the entire plaintexts
> of two multi-block messages, while a CBC cipher-block collision or only
> leaks the XOR of the plaintexts of the two colliding blocks, and a CBC
> IV/confounder collision only leaks information about how many blocks of two
> messages are identical.

I'm now convinced that what we need in order to make certain cipher
modes usable in Kerberos is a change to RFC3961 so that the API knows
whether a given key is a sub-session key or not.  I don't feel
comfortable with CTR modes applied to long-term keys (or even Ticket
session keys) without taking steps that would effectively kill
performance for the GSS mechanism's per-msg tokens.  I don't think we
should have *this* discussion in the context of CTS vs. CBC: we should
first decide that we don't want either CTS nor CBC.

Nico
--

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On Tue, Sep 24, 2013 at 3:27 PM, Simon Josefsson <simon@josefsson.org> wrote:
> I disagree that an I18N document is the appropriate way to move the
> Internet to case-insensitive usernames.
>
> If case-sensitive usernames is a significant problem, then it should be
> possible to publish a BCP recommending against that.  Then existing
> protocols with case-sensitive usernames like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, SSH, etc
> could be revised.  I don't believe any of that will happen, so we'll
> have to live with case sensitive usernames, and my take is that I18N
> documents should permit that.

I agree.  Also, there's a lot of work to do to get there, particularly
enrollment (account creation) time work.  We can't merely specify a
case-insensitive stringprep profile.

Nico
--

From lukeh@padl.com  Sun Oct  6 02:56:38 2013
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Subject: Re: [kitten] BrowserID mutual auth
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To follow up on an old post. I've updated the draft to use RFC 4985 =
SRVNames instead of URIs in the SAN.

Service principal names encoded in context tokens are now prefixed with =
urn:ietf:params:gss:spn
 instead of urn:x-gss.

Link here:

http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-howard-gss-browserid-05.txt

-- Luke=

From lukeh@padl.com  Sun Oct  6 18:27:08 2013
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Subject: [kitten] SPN audience claim for GSS BrowserID
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Apologies for the cross-post.

A brief reminder: GSS BrowserID [1] profiles Mozilla Persona for =
application protocols that use SASL or GSS-API, such as IMAP and SMTP.

The audience in the generated assertion is the =93service principal =
name=94, or SPN, which identifies the target service. This is of the =
form service[/hostname[/instance]], for example =93imap/mail.example.com=94=
. Currently we are encoding these as URIs with the prefix =
urn:ietf:params:gss:spn: (so, in previous example, the =93aud=94 claim =
would have the value =93urn:ietf:params:gss:spn:imap/mail.example.com=94).=


Rereading draft-ietf-oauth-json-web-token, I note that the audience =
claim is a StringOrURI, and there's nothing in the BrowserID code that =
requires the audience to be a URI, at least for internal API consumers.

Any thoughts thus on dropping the URN prefix and placing the unadorned =
SPN in the audience claim?

-- Luke

[1] http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-howard-gss-browserid-05=

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I published -06 which incorporates the change mentioned in my last mail =
(as JWT specifies the audience claim as a StringOrURI, we will encode =
the raw service principal name without a URN prefix). A few other nits =
fixed (and introduced).

The reference implementation (gss_browserid) has been updated to -06.

On 06/10/2013, at 8:56 PM, Luke Howard <lukeh@padl.com> wrote:

> To follow up on an old post. I've updated the draft to use RFC 4985 =
SRVNames instead of URIs in the SAN.
>=20
> Service principal names encoded in context tokens are now prefixed =
with urn:ietf:params:gss:spn
> instead of urn:x-gss.
>=20
> Link here:
>=20
> http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-howard-gss-browserid-05.txt
>=20
> -- Luke
> _______________________________________________
> Kitten mailing list
> Kitten@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten

--
Luke Howard / lukeh@padl.com
www.padl.com / www.lukehoward.com


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Cc: "kitten@ietf.org" <kitten@ietf.org>, Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [kitten] Input on Paul's concerns about aes-cbc
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I don't have any information about specific application failures with padde=
d ciphers.  If there were problems with a block cipher, it would not be pos=
sible to do a fallback just for impacted callers as the cipher of the subse=
ssion key is chosen during the context establishment which is before the fi=
rst call to EncryptMessage (GSS_Wrap analogue).  By the time we knew that t=
he caller was not providing for padding, it would be too late to select dif=
ferently.

With the existing calling pattern used for DES in Windows, callers that did=
 not pass in the SECBUFFER_PADDING into the EncryptMessage call would just =
fail when the buffer was not aligned.  Additionally, if the buffer was a mu=
ltiple of the block size then it would not get the PKCS#7 padding and then =
would fail on the other end that expected the pad block.  I suspect this wo=
uld break a whole lot of callers.

To reduce the application compatibility problem, I'd have to use the Rotate=
 Right Count in the header to move padding into the header.  Up front, Kerb=
eros on Windows would tell callers that they needed to allocate for the hea=
der one block more than they actually need.  Then, on output we would short=
en the length to whatever portion was actually used.  This would fix the ca=
llers that do not handle padding for the first encryption, but making the h=
eader variable length causes a different set of problems.  Today, the heade=
r is always the same length so the caller can allocate that buffer and then=
 reuse it throughout multiple encryption calls.  Making it variable length =
would require the caller to take the additional step of resetting the lengt=
h field to the allocated size between calls, which not all applications may=
 be doing today.

There are several reasons that I think this is a significant risk.  First o=
f all, the documentation that Microsoft has for the EncryptMessage function=
 for Kerberos has very little bearing on how the function should actually b=
e used.  In fact, most of the document is incorrectly copied and pasted fro=
m SSL's documentation.  It'd be highly optimistic to expect developers to h=
ave used the API correctly while the documentation was incorrect.  This mak=
es the risk that some application is broken quite high.

The second factor is that we only have the ability to control supported enc=
ryption types at the machine level.  This means that if there is one applic=
ation in an enterprise, all impacted machines will have the new cipher supp=
orted.  This means that if a LOB app is  impacted, the enterprise is likely=
 to disable the new cipher on all machines via policy.

If the problem is likely to occur and the impact of the problem is the disa=
blement of the new ciphers for the entire realm, the objective of introduci=
ng the new cipher is compromised.  It is much safer to move forward with a =
cipher that is more likely broadly to be used.

-----Original Message-----
From: kitten-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:kitten-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of=
 Nico Williams
Sent: Friday, October 4, 2013 2:10 PM
To: Greg Hudson
Cc: kitten@ietf.org; Sam Hartman
Subject: Re: [kitten] Input on Paul's concerns about aes-cbc

On Fri, Oct 4, 2013 at 9:17 AM, Greg Hudson <ghudson@mit.edu> wrote:
> On 10/04/2013 09:48 AM, Sam Hartman wrote:
>>
>> 1) Do you need any additional information to evaluate Paul's message?
>
> I don't think so.  We are still curious about the details of legacy=20
> application risk (i.e. what kinds of things might a legacy SSPI=20
> application do wrong such that it works now but fails with a padded=20
> enctype), but the conclusion is pretty clear.

I can't tell if Paul is acting out of [quite reasonable] conservatism, or i=
f he's really identified actual failure modes of existing applications (or =
likely ones), nor has he indicated whether there's any way to work around s=
uch failures (by, e.g., downgrading to CTS enctypes), nor whether any such =
workarounds are acceptable.

I'm not going to insist on -say- proprietary evidence.  Indeed, I like the =
random IV CTS mode we cooked up.  I just think we need to understand the *a=
ctual* constraints, in so far as they can be published, so that we can a) n=
ot have this conversation again later,
b) understand how those constraints might apply to future proposals,
c) document how developers should write code so as not to impose these cons=
traints on us.

> I have also spent some more time thinking about CTR mode as you=20
> suggested earlier (where we pick a random 128-bit nonce and use some=20
> function f(nonce,
> blocknum) to produce the counter for each block), and whether a nonce=20
> or block counter collision is any worse than a CBC cipher-block=20
> collision.  I noted that a CTR nonce collision would leak the XOR of=20
> the entire plaintexts of two multi-block messages, while a CBC=20
> cipher-block collision or only leaks the XOR of the plaintexts of the=20
> two colliding blocks, and a CBC IV/confounder collision only leaks=20
> information about how many blocks of two messages are identical.

I'm now convinced that what we need in order to make certain cipher modes u=
sable in Kerberos is a change to RFC3961 so that the API knows whether a gi=
ven key is a sub-session key or not.  I don't feel comfortable with CTR mod=
es applied to long-term keys (or even Ticket session keys) without taking s=
teps that would effectively kill performance for the GSS mechanism's per-ms=
g tokens.  I don't think we should have *this* discussion in the context of=
 CTS vs. CBC: we should first decide that we don't want either CTS nor CBC.

Nico
--
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From nico@cryptonector.com  Mon Oct  7 21:00:56 2013
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On Mon, Oct 7, 2013 at 7:22 PM, Paul Miller (NT) <paumil@microsoft.com> wrote:
> [...]

Thanks, that was exactly what I was looking for.  That's convincing.
We need the new enctype to require no padding.

I'm not a fan of coutner modes for Kerberos, but if someone has a
specific proposal I would review it; the same goes for just about any
cipher modes other than CTS.  Assuming nobody proposes such a thing
that leaves us with confounded CTS or random IV CTS (including
short-plaintext cases because of non-GSS RFC3961 applications).

Nico
--

From lukeh@padl.com  Mon Oct  7 21:18:48 2013
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> To reduce the application compatibility problem, I'd have to use the =
Rotate Right Count in the header to move padding into the header.  Up =
front, Kerberos on Windows would tell callers that they needed to =
allocate for

MIT scatter/gather APIs do this. There are not the same compatibility =
issues as there are (to my knowledge) few consumers. The only consumer =
I'm aware of, DCE RPC, can deal with extra bytes in the header, because =
its PDUs contain explicit lengths.

It's unfortunate about the documentation...

-- Luke=

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Subject: [kitten] [RFC Errata System] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC6112 (3743)
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--=-=-=



Folks, when working on the MIT implementation of RFC 6112 I got the
capitalization of one of the cryptographic inputs wrong.
Love found this while interop testing against MIT.

As we (myself, MIT and Love) understand, MIT is the only shipping
implementation.

We propose to change the spec rather than the implementations.

This would presumably involve:

1) accepting this erata 

2) Fairly quickly reissuing RFC 6112 and moving the existing spec to
historic.

Thoughts/comments?


--=-=-=
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The following errata report has been submitted for RFC6112,
"Anonymity Support for Kerberos".

--------------------------------------
You may review the report below and at:
http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=6112&eid=3743

--------------------------------------
Type: Technical
Reported by: Love Hörnquist Åstrand <lha@apple.com>

Section: 7

Original Text
-------------
 "is ASCII string "KeyExchange"

Corrected Text
--------------
"is ASCII string "KEYEXCHANGE"


Notes
-----
MIT Kerberos is the only public implementation of this draft and when I created the second implementation I noticed that the MIT folks had used the wrong constant in their code.

After talking to them it makes more sense to change the specification then break backward compatibility with old clients since there no other implementations that we know about.

Instructions:
-------------
This errata is currently posted as "Reported". If necessary, please
use "Reply All" to discuss whether it should be verified or
rejected. When a decision is reached, the verifying party (IESG)
can log in to change the status and edit the report, if necessary. 

--------------------------------------
RFC6112 (draft-ietf-krb-wg-anon-12)
--------------------------------------
Title               : Anonymity Support for Kerberos
Publication Date    : April 2011
Author(s)           : L. Zhu, P. Leach, S. Hartman
Category            : PROPOSED STANDARD
Source              : Kerberos WG
Area                : Security
Stream              : IETF
Verifying Party     : IESG

--=-=-=--

From ghudson@mit.edu  Tue Oct  8 12:14:30 2013
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Date: Tue, 08 Oct 2013 15:14:13 -0400
From: Greg Hudson <ghudson@MIT.EDU>
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Subject: Re: [kitten] [RFC Errata System] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC6112 (3743)
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On 10/08/2013 03:08 PM, Sam Hartman wrote:
> 1) accepting this erata
>
> 2) Fairly quickly reissuing RFC 6112 and moving the existing spec to
> historic.

I support this plan.


From stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie  Tue Oct  8 13:29:56 2013
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Hiya,

On 10/08/2013 08:14 PM, Greg Hudson wrote:
> On 10/08/2013 03:08 PM, Sam Hartman wrote:
>> 1) accepting this erata
>>
>> 2) Fairly quickly reissuing RFC 6112 and moving the existing spec to
>> historic.
> 
> I support this plan.

That does sound like the right outcome.

However...

The IESG often sees suggestions for "improvements" to RFCs posted as
errata and we reject those on the basis that the errata process is
intended to handle cases where a WG/authors/whoever made a mistake and
that process is just *not* intended to change what the WG wanted to
see in the RFC.

Can you make a case that this really is an erratum and does not
really represent a change of mind?

Thanks,
Stephen.

From mrex@sap.com  Tue Oct  8 19:23:16 2013
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To: "Paul Miller (NT)" <paumil@microsoft.com>
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From: mrex@sap.com (Martin Rex)
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Subject: Re: [kitten] Input on Paul's concerns about aes-cbc
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Paul Miller (NT) wrote:
>
>  ... it would not be possible to do a fallback just for impacted
> callers as the cipher of the subsession key is chosen during the
> context establishment which is before the first call to
> EncryptMessage (GSS_Wrap analogue).  By the time we knew that the
> caller was not providing for padding, it would be too late to
> select differently.

That fallback isn't possible has been intuitively obvious, at least to me.


> 
> With the existing calling pattern used for DES in Windows, callers that
> did not pass in the SECBUFFER_PADDING into the EncryptMessage call would
> just fail when the buffer was not aligned.

Hmmm.

While I did write my code that calls SSPI's EncryptMessage() in 1999
(during W2K beta), and don't exactly remeber which documentation
I used,  The "MDSN Library October 2001 Platform SDK" contains
a description titled "SSPI/Kerberos Interoperability with GSS-API
with this code sample:

  // Need 3 descriptors - 2 for the SSP and one to hold the application data 
  in_buf_desc.cBuffers = 3;
  in_buf_desc.pBuffers = wrap_bufs;
  in_buf_desc.ulVersion = SECBUFFER_VERSION;
  wrap_bufs[0].cbBuffer = sizes.cbSecurityTrailer;
  wrap_bufs[0].BufferType = SECBUFFER_TOKEN;
  wrap_bufs[0].pvBuffer = malloc(sizes.cbSecurityTrailer);
  // This buffer holds the application data
  wrap_bufs[1].BufferType = SECBUFFER_DATA;
  wrap_bufs[1].cbBuffer = in_buf.cbBuffer;
  wrap_bufs[1].pvBuffer = malloc(wrap_bufs[1].cbBuffer);
  memcpy(wrap_bufs[1].pvBuffer, in_buf.pvBuffer, in_buf.cbBuffer);
  wrap_bufs[2].BufferType = SECBUFFER_PADDING;
  wrap_bufs[2].cbBuffer = sizes.cbBlockSize;
  wrap_bufs[2].pvBuffer = malloc(wrap_bufs[2].cbBuffer);
  maj_stat = EncryptMessage(&context,
          SignOnly ? KERB_WRAP_NO_ENCRYPT : 0,
          &in_buf_desc, 0);

// Send message to server


>
> There are several reasons that I think this is a significant risk.
> First of all, the documentation that Microsoft has for the
> EncryptMessage function for Kerberos has very little bearing on how
> the function should actually be used.  In fact, most of the document
> is incorrectly copied and pasted from SSL's documentation.

Would the above code really fail to work?

-Martin

From lukeh@padl.com  Tue Oct  8 19:34:49 2013
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Subject: Re: [kitten] Input on Paul's concerns about aes-cbc
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> While I did write my code that calls SSPI's EncryptMessage() in 1999
> (during W2K beta), and don't exactly remeber which documentation
> I used,  The "MDSN Library October 2001 Platform SDK" contains
> a description titled "SSPI/Kerberos Interoperability with GSS-API
> with this code sample:

Because this sample was geared towards GSS-API interoperability (which =
was DES only at the time, hence required PKCS#7 padding), it's no =
surprise that it correctly uses SECBUFFER_PADDING.

That sample code works fine with both truncated token and padding =
buffers. Paul's point, I guess, is that not all applications follow =
this.
=20
-- Luke=

From lukeh@padl.com  Tue Oct  8 19:39:11 2013
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From: Luke Howard <lukeh@padl.com>
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To: Paul Miller (NT) <paumil@microsoft.com>
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Subject: Re: [kitten] Input on Paul's concerns about aes-cbc
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On 08/10/2013, at 11:22 AM, Paul Miller (NT) <paumil@microsoft.com> =
wrote:

> With the existing calling pattern used for DES in Windows, callers =
that did not pass in the SECBUFFER_PADDING into the EncryptMessage call =
would just fail when the buffer was not aligned.  Additionally, if the =
buffer was a multiple of the block size then it would not get the PKCS#7 =
padding and then would fail on the other end that expected the pad =
block.  I suspect this would break a whole lot of callers.

Are you saying that even for RC4 (where there is one byte of PKCS#7 =
padding per RFC 4757 7.3), padding would be omitted entirely if the =
buffer was a multiple of the block size? Isn't this a bug? I noticed =
this was the case when building an interoperable DCE RPC implementation, =
but I assumed it was special-cased for GSS_C_DCE_STYLE. [1]

-- Luke

[1] =
https://github.com/krb5/krb5/blob/master/src/lib/gssapi/krb5/k5sealiov.c#L=
89=

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Subject: [kitten] DES enctypes are not PKCS#7 padded (Re: Input on Paul's concerns about aes-cbc)
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Luke Howard <lukeh@padl.com> writes:

>> While I did write my code that calls SSPI's EncryptMessage() in 1999
>> (during W2K beta), and don't exactly remeber which documentation
>> I used,  The "MDSN Library October 2001 Platform SDK" contains
>> a description titled "SSPI/Kerberos Interoperability with GSS-API
>> with this code sample:
>
> Because this sample was geared towards GSS-API interoperability (which was DES only at the time, hence required PKCS#7 padding), it's no surprise that it correctly uses SECBUFFER_PADDING.

The DES enctypes used in Kerberos are not PKCS#7 padding.  When the
plaintext is an exact multiple of the block size, there is no padding
for DES.  PKCS#7 type padding requires a full block of padding in that
case, because it is self-describing.

This could be an important distinction, but I haven't fully analyzed
how this affects the usability of the AES-SHA2 proposal with SSPI
EncryptMessage.

From lukeh@padl.com  Wed Oct  9 06:21:23 2013
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Subject: Re: [kitten] DES enctypes are not PKCS#7 padded (Re: Input on Paul's concerns about aes-cbc)
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>> Because this sample was geared towards GSS-API interoperability =
(which was DES only at the time, hence required PKCS#7 padding), it's no =
surprise that it correctly uses SECBUFFER_PADDING.
>=20
> The DES enctypes used in Kerberos are not PKCS#7 padding.  When the
> plaintext is an exact multiple of the block size, there is no padding
> for DES.  PKCS#7 type padding requires a full block of padding in that
> case, because it is self-describing.

Ah, my (long-term) bad.

What about RFC 4757?

Greg: in the MIT implementation, =
make_seal_token_v1_iov()/kg_fixup_padding_iov() may be  wrong then for =
DES, I believe I assumed PKCS#7 when implementing it.

-- Luke=

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Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2013 09:21:44 -0400 (EDT)
From: Benjamin Kaduk <kaduk@MIT.EDU>
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Subject: Re: [kitten] [RFC Errata System] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC6112 (3743)
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On Tue, 8 Oct 2013, Stephen Farrell wrote:

>
>
> Hiya,
>
> On 10/08/2013 08:14 PM, Greg Hudson wrote:
>> On 10/08/2013 03:08 PM, Sam Hartman wrote:
>>> 1) accepting this erata
>>>
>>> 2) Fairly quickly reissuing RFC 6112 and moving the existing spec to
>>> historic.
>>
>> I support this plan.
>
> That does sound like the right outcome.

It sounds good to me, too.

> However...
>
> The IESG often sees suggestions for "improvements" to RFCs posted as
> errata and we reject those on the basis that the errata process is
> intended to handle cases where a WG/authors/whoever made a mistake and
> that process is just *not* intended to change what the WG wanted to
> see in the RFC.
>
> Can you make a case that this really is an erratum and does not
> really represent a change of mind?

My perspective (as someone who only started participating in the WG after 
this document was published) is that there was an arbitrary choice that 
had to be made in the creation of the document, and the implementors used 
(for whatever reason) an equally valid selection of that arbitrary choice. 
It's not really that there's a change of mind so much as there's no reason 
to care one way or the other until there is something to interoperate 
with.

I'm not sure whether that would help with the IESG or not, though.

-Ben

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To: Luke Howard <lukeh@padl.com>
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Cc: "kitten@ietf.org" <kitten@ietf.org>, Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [kitten] DES enctypes are not PKCS#7 padded (Re: Input on Paul's concerns about aes-cbc)
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Luke Howard <lukeh@padl.com> writes:

>>> Because this sample was geared towards GSS-API interoperability (which was DES only at the time, hence required PKCS#7 padding), it's no surprise that it correctly uses SECBUFFER_PADDING.
>> 
>> The DES enctypes used in Kerberos are not PKCS#7 padding.  When the
>> plaintext is an exact multiple of the block size, there is no padding
>> for DES.  PKCS#7 type padding requires a full block of padding in that
>> case, because it is self-describing.
>
> Ah, my (long-term) bad.
>
> What about RFC 4757?
>
> Greg: in the MIT implementation, make_seal_token_v1_iov()/kg_fixup_padding_iov() may be  wrong then for DES, I believe I assumed PKCS#7 when implementing it.

Greg has reminded me that RFC 1964 uses PKCS#7 padding for single-DES;
I was mistakenly recalling that the DES CBC padding used in the RFC
1510 protocol (which is not PKCS#7) was the same used with DES for
GSS-Wrap.  Sorry for any confusion.

From stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie  Wed Oct  9 06:50:58 2013
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Cc: kitten@ietf.org, kitten-ads@tools.ietf.org, Sam Hartman <hartmans-ietf@MIT.EDU>, lha@h5l.org
Subject: Re: [kitten] [RFC Errata System] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC6112 (3743)
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On 10/09/2013 02:21 PM, Benjamin Kaduk wrote:
> 
> I'm not sure whether that would help with the IESG or not, though.

I'm checking if anyone will yell if we approve this. While I
guess they won't mind about the kerberos change, its possible
that someone will strongly dislike the precedent. But we'll
see.

S.

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Subject: Re: [kitten] [RFC Errata System] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC6112 (3743)
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9 okt 2013 kl. 15:50 skrev Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>:

>=20
>=20
> On 10/09/2013 02:21 PM, Benjamin Kaduk wrote:
>>=20
>> I'm not sure whether that would help with the IESG or not, though.
>=20
> I'm checking if anyone will yell if we approve this. While I
> guess they won't mind about the kerberos change, its possible
> that someone will strongly dislike the precedent. But we'll
> see.

I this either way is fine wrt approving the errata.

Now the kerberos community will know that there is an issue in RFC6112.

IESG can approve a new version of RFC6112 which a a one word change once =
there is a new draft published.

Love


From hartmans@mit.edu  Wed Oct  9 10:35:06 2013
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To: Stephen Farrell <stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie>
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Subject: Re: [kitten] [RFC Errata System] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC6112 (3743)
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Sure.
It's really a rules lawyer question about the erata.
the interesting and important thing is to go issue a new spec.
I won't be able to put together a draft before Vancouver but I will work
promptly on this.

From stpeter@stpeter.im  Mon Oct 14 11:10:42 2013
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Subject: Re: [kitten] [precis] Fwd: Re: I-D Action: draft-ietf-precis-saslprepbis-04.txt
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On 10/4/13 6:46 AM, Alexey Melnikov wrote:
> On 24/09/2013 22:17, Simon Josefsson wrote:
>> You wrote:
>>>>>>>> "Simon" == Simon Josefsson <simon@josefsson.org> writes:
>>>      Simon> like HTTP, FTP, SMTP, SSH, etc could be revised.  I don't
>>>      Simon> believe any of that will happen, so we'll have to live with
>>>      Simon> case sensitive usernames, and my take is that I18N
>>>      Simon> documents should permit that.
>>>
>>> I'm not sure any of the above hase case sensitive usernames.
>>> They permit usernames to be case sensitive.
>>> However a lot of implementations treat the username as case
>>> insensitive.
>>>
>>> I do think this is an appropriate issue for an IETF an document, but I
>>> do think considering the impact on legacy systems is important.
>>> I don't think we need to require there be no impact, simply understand
>>> an accept it.
>> Agreed, but the devil is in the detail.  For example, I would say that
>> any I18N effort that changes how ASCII usernames ([A-Za-z0-9...])
>> behave have gone too far down the road that causes damage to legacy
>> systems.
> Case folding for usernames in draft-ietf-precis-saslprepbis-04.txt is a
> SHOULD, so I think you are Ok. I.e. compatibility with a legacy system
> is a good enough reason to violate the SHOULD.

Correct.

Here is proposed text for Section 4 on usernames. I've provided proposed
text for the entire section so that folks on both the PRECIS and KITTEN
lists have the complete context.

Please review this proposed text and provide comments.

###

4.  Usernames

4.1.  Definition

   This document specifies that a username is a string of Unicode code
   points [UNICODE], encoded using UTF-8 [RFC3629], and structured
   either as an ordered sequence of "userparts" (where the complete
   username can consist of a single userpart or a space-separated
   sequence of userparts) or as a userpart@domainpart (where the
   domainpart is an IP literal, an IPv4 address, or a fully-qualified
   domain name).

   The syntax for a username is defined as follows using the Augmented
   Backus-Naur Form (ABNF) [RFC5234].

      username   = userpart [1*(1*SP userpart)]
                   / userpart '@' domainpart
      userpart   = 1*(idpoint)
                   ;
                   ; an "idpoint" is a UTF-8 encoded Unicode code point
                   ; that conforms to the PRECIS "IdentifierClass"
                   ;
      domainpart = IP-literal / IPv4address / ifqdn
                   ;
                   ; the "IPv4address" and "IP-literal" rules are
                   ; defined in RFC 3986, and the first-match-wins
                   ; (a.k.a. "greedy") algorithm described in RFC 3986
                   ; applies
                   ;
                   ; reuse of the IP-literal rule from RFC 3986 implies
                   ; that IPv6 addresses are enclosed in square brackets
                   ; (i.e., beginning with '[' and ending with ']')
                   ;
      ifqdn      = 1*1023(domainpoint)
                   ;
                   ; a "domainpoint" is a UTF-8 encoded Unicode code
                   ; point that conforms to RFC 5890
                   ;

   All code points and blocks not explicitly allowed in the PRECIS
   IdentifierClass are disallowed; this includes private use characters,
   surrogate code points, and the other code points and blocks that were
   defined as "Prohibited Output" in [RFC4013].  In addition, common
   constructions such as "user@example.com" are allowed as usernames
   under this specification, as they were under [RFC4013].

4.2.  Preparation

   Each userpart of a username MUST conform to the
   "UsernameIdentifierClass" profile of the PRECIS IdentifierClass,
   which is defined as follows:

   1.  The base string class is the "IdentifierClass" specified in
       [I-D.ietf-precis-framework].
   2.  Fullwidth and halfwidth characters MUST be mapped to their
       decomposition equivalents.
   3.  So-called additional mappings MAY be applied, such as those
       defined in [I-D.ietf-precis-mappings].
   4.  Uppercase and titlecase characters might be mapped to their
       lowercase equivalents (see Section 4.2.1 below).
   5.  Unicode Normalization Form C (NFC) MUST be applied to all
       characters.

   With regard to directionality, the "Bidi Rule" provided in [RFC5893]
   applies.

   A username MUST NOT be zero bytes in length.  This rule is to be
   enforced after any normalization and mapping of code points.

   In protocols that provide usernames as input to a cryptographic
   algorithm such as a hash function, the client will need to perform
   proper preparation of the username before applying the algorithm.

4.2.1.  Case Mapping

   Case mapping is a matter for the application protocol, protocol
   implementation, or end deployment.  In general, this document
   suggests that it is preferable to perform case mapping, since not
   doing so can lead to false positives during authentication and
   authorization (as described in [RFC6943]) and can result in confusion
   among end users given the prevalence of case mapping in many existing
   protocols and applications.  However, there can be good reasons to
   not perform case mapping, such as backward compatibility with
   deployed infrastructure.

   In particular:

   o  SASL mechanisms that directly re-use this profile MUST specify
      whether and when case mapping is to be applied to authentication
      identifiers.  SASL mechanisms SHOULD delay any case mapping to the
      last possible moment, such as when doing a lookup by username,
      username comparisons, or generating a cryptographic salt from a
      username.  In keeping with RFC4422, SASL mechanisms are not to
      apply this or any other profile to authorization identifiers.
   o  Application protocols that use SASL (such as IMAP [RFC3501] and
      XMPP [RFC6120]) and that directly re-use this profile MUST specify
      whether case mapping is to be applied to authorization
      identifiers.  Such "SASL application protocols" SHOULD delay any
      case mapping of authorization identifiers to the last possible
      moment, which happens to necessarily be on the server side.  In
      keeping with RFC4422, SASL application protocols are not to apply
      this or any other profile to authentication identifiers.
   o  Application protocols that do not use SASL (such as HTTP
      authentication with the Basic and Digest schemes [RFC2617]) MUST
      specify whether and when case mapping is to be applied to
      authentication identifiers and authorization identifiers.  Such
      "non-SASL application protocols" SHOULD delay any case mapping to
      the last possible moment, such as when doing a lookup by username,
      username comparisons, or generating a cryptographic salt from a
      username.

   If the specification for a SASL mechanism, SASL application protocol,
   or non-SASL application protocol specifies the handling of case
   mapping for strings that conform to the UsernameIdentifierClass, it
   MUST clearly describe whether case mapping is required, recommended,
   or optional at the level of the protocol itself, implementations
   thereof, or service deployments.

###

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/



From shawn.emery@oracle.com  Mon Oct 14 22:20:35 2013
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Subject: Re: [kitten] Consensus Calls
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The consensus results from the 9-6-13 call (ending 9-20-13) was:

1. Consensus to progress the sasl-oauth draft with the GS2 related text 
removed.  However, Nico, had brought up during the call that CB related 
text should also removed until the base GS2 spec allows for mutual 
authentication outside of the mechanism.  Alexey had mentioned interest 
in having this support, but this is something that the long-term 
solution should provide.  I believe that we need further discussions on 
this point before we can determine if any other consensus call needs to 
be made here.

2. Consensus on adopting generic-naming-attributes.

3. No consensus on adopting krb5-pkcross.  We can always revisit this in 
the future as demand, interest, or resources change.

Shawn.
--
kitten co-chair

On 09/ 6/13 02:31 PM, Shawn M Emery wrote:
>
> The WG is making the following consensus calls (which were formulated 
> from Berlin's meeting held on August 1st):
>
> 1. In regards to draft-ietf-kitten-sasl-oauth; should we remove the 
> GS2 related text from the draft and continue the proceed to shepherd 
> this as an RFC?
>
> a. Yes
> b. No
> c. Don't care or need more information
>
> 2. Should the WG recharter and adopt the 
> draft-williams-kitten-generic-naming-attributes draft?
>
> a. Yes
> b. No
> c. Don't care or need more information
>
> 3. Should the WG recharter and adopt the 
> draft-williams-kitten-krb5-pkcross draft?
>
> a. Yes
> b. No
> c. Don't care or need more information
>
> Please provide your input before September 20th.  Thank you.
>
> Shawn.
> -- 
> kitten co-chair
> _______________________________________________
> Kitten mailing list
> Kitten@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten
>
>


From stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie  Tue Oct 15 03:53:44 2013
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On 10/09/2013 02:50 PM, Stephen Farrell wrote:
> 
> 
> On 10/09/2013 02:21 PM, Benjamin Kaduk wrote:
>>
>> I'm not sure whether that would help with the IESG or not, though.
> 
> I'm checking if anyone will yell if we approve this. While I
> guess they won't mind about the kerberos change, its possible
> that someone will strongly dislike the precedent. But we'll
> see.

I asked and was asked back: how widely is this one
implementation deployed?

I also got a non-IESG comment that this wasn't the
first time we've ended up changing things due to
coding glitches so maybe we need to think about
that as well.

S.

> 
> S.
> _______________________________________________
> Kitten mailing list
> Kitten@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/kitten
> 
> 

From ghudson@mit.edu  Tue Oct 15 07:01:51 2013
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On 10/15/2013 06:53 AM, Stephen Farrell wrote:
> I asked and was asked back: how widely is this one
> implementation deployed?

RFC 6112 was first implemented in MIT krb5 version 1.8, which was
released in March 2010.  We never have any solid idea how widely krb5
features are being used since we don't have a close relationship with
most of our users.  I have seen at least one question about anonymous
PKINIT on kerberos@mit.edu, so it's being used at least somewhat.


From stephen.farrell@cs.tcd.ie  Tue Oct 15 07:06:03 2013
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On 10/15/2013 03:01 PM, Greg Hudson wrote:
> On 10/15/2013 06:53 AM, Stephen Farrell wrote:
>> I asked and was asked back: how widely is this one
>> implementation deployed?
> 
> RFC 6112 was first implemented in MIT krb5 version 1.8, which was
> released in March 2010.  We never have any solid idea how widely krb5
> features are being used since we don't have a close relationship with
> most of our users.  I have seen at least one question about anonymous
> PKINIT on kerberos@mit.edu, so it's being used at least somewhat.

Would asking about the erratum on that list therefore be
useful?

Ta,
S.

> 
> 
> 

From ghudson@mit.edu  Tue Oct 15 07:30:47 2013
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Subject: Re: [kitten] [RFC Errata System] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC6112 (3743)
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On 10/15/2013 10:04 AM, Stephen Farrell wrote:
> Would asking about the erratum on that list therefore be
> useful?

I assume you mean, would it be useful to ask on kerberos@mit.edu whether
people are using anonymous PKINIT?  The list is not by any means a
reliably way of canvassing users, so I don't think it would be.

I'm also not sure where we would go with such a question.  I think
implementors have decided that we are going to use "KEYEXCHANGE" instead
of "KeyExchange" as the pepper going forward.  There is no obvious way
to change the existing implementation to use "KeyExchange" without
creating interoperability issues, and there is no merit to one string
over another aside from its likelihood of interoperating.


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Subject: Re: [kitten] [precis] Fwd: Re: I-D Action: draft-ietf-precis-saslprepbis-04.txt
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On Mon, Oct 14, 2013 at 1:10 PM, Peter Saint-Andre <stpeter@stpeter.im> wrote:

I'm OK with this.  I would add that if a mechanism allows the "last
possible moment" to always be on the server side then the choice of
whether to case fold can be left to the deployer.  Also, mechanisms
that have enough round trips can always leave this to the deployer as
well.  Even mechanisms that don't -- one could always indicate this
via DNS, but I won't go there.

Nico
--

From stpeter@stpeter.im  Tue Oct 15 10:39:36 2013
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On 10/15/13 11:16 AM, Nico Williams wrote:
> On Mon, Oct 14, 2013 at 1:10 PM, Peter Saint-Andre <stpeter@stpeter.im> wrote:
> 
> I'm OK with this.  I would add that if a mechanism allows the "last
> possible moment" to always be on the server side then the choice of
> whether to case fold can be left to the deployer.  Also, mechanisms
> that have enough round trips can always leave this to the deployer as
> well. 

True. I'll try to formulate some text along those lines.

> Even mechanisms that don't -- one could always indicate this
> via DNS, but I won't go there.

Agreed.

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/



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On Tue, Oct 15, 2013 at 12:21 AM, Shawn M Emery <shawn.emery@oracle.com> wrote:
>
> The consensus results from the 9-6-13 call (ending 9-20-13) was:
>
> 1. Consensus to progress the sasl-oauth draft with the GS2 related text
> removed.  However, Nico, had brought up during the call that CB related text
> should also removed until the base GS2 spec allows for mutual authentication
> outside of the mechanism.  Alexey had mentioned interest in having this
> support, but this is something that the long-term solution should provide.
> I believe that we need further discussions on this point before we can
> determine if any other consensus call needs to be made here.

What was the consensus from the conference call we had about this?
Was there any and did we then fail to confirm on the list?

> 2. Consensus on adopting generic-naming-attributes.
>
> 3. No consensus on adopting krb5-pkcross.  We can always revisit this in the
> future as demand, interest, or resources change.

I thought there were similar support/don't-care positions for (2) and
(3).  What was different in each case?

Nico
--

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Subject: [kitten] I-D Action: draft-ietf-kitten-gssapi-extensions-iana-08.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Common Authentication Technology Next Gen=
eration Working Group of the IETF.

	Title           : Namespace Considerations and Registries for GSS-API Exte=
nsions
	Author(s)       : Cryptonector LLC
                          Alexey Melnikov
	Filename        : draft-ietf-kitten-gssapi-extensions-iana-08.txt
	Pages           : 10
	Date            : 2013-10-16

Abstract:
   This document describes the ways in which the GSS-API may be extended
   and directs the creation of an IANA registry for various GSS-API
   namespaces.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-kitten-gssapi-extensions-iana

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-kitten-gssapi-extensions-iana-08

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-kitten-gssapi-extensions-iana=
-08


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


From rra@stanford.edu  Wed Oct 16 08:51:06 2013
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Subject: Re: [kitten] [RFC Errata System] [Technical Errata Reported] RFC6112 (3743)
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Greg Hudson <ghudson@MIT.EDU> writes:
> On 10/15/2013 06:53 AM, Stephen Farrell wrote:

>> I asked and was asked back: how widely is this one implementation
>> deployed?

> RFC 6112 was first implemented in MIT krb5 version 1.8, which was
> released in March 2010.  We never have any solid idea how widely krb5
> features are being used since we don't have a close relationship with
> most of our users.  I have seen at least one question about anonymous
> PKINIT on kerberos@mit.edu, so it's being used at least somewhat.

Anonymous PKINIT is supported by my Kerberos PAM module for obtaining FAST
armor.  I don't know how many people actually use it, though.

-- 
Russ Allbery (rra@stanford.edu)             <http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/>

From alexey.melnikov@isode.com  Wed Oct 16 09:01:00 2013
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On 05/08/2013 19:47, Benjamin Kaduk wrote:
> On Tue, 6 Nov 2012, Leif Johansson wrote:
>
>>
>> Folks,
>>
>> I've reviewed version -07. I general I think the document is in good 
>> shape.
>> Reading through it I've found a small set of relatively minor nits.
>>
>> - Object Type: A long list of things like "Function" and "Integer" is 
>> given
>> but  the description text basically sais these are just examples. I 
>> suggest
>> replacing the list with the following text
>>
>> <Symbol> defined by the binding language
>>
>> - Registration Rules: Suggest change to say:
>>
>> "<Reference> to Policy defined by [RFC5226] or an RFC that
>> updates [RFC5226], for instance ..."
>>
>> Finally, I  find the guidelines to Expert reviewers to be somewhat 
>> hard to
>> follow. The final paragraph in section 8.2.2 to me basically reads as 
>> "use
>> your good judgement".
>>
>> Personally I would find it difficult to draw any guidance from that text
>> but I
>> fully understand if this horse has been flogged enough.
>
> I've also reviewed version -07, and don't see anything particularly 
> objectionable.
Hi,
Thank you for the review. I believe I addressed most of the editorial 
comments from you and Leif.
>
> Minor nits:
>
> In the table in section 7, in the entry for "Registration Rules", my 
> first reading left me confused as to which sub-namespace "items that 
> fall in this sub-namespace" referred to.  Re-reading makes it clear 
> that the sub-namespace is the one which has this Registration Rules 
> attribute, and I don't have any ideas for how to reword the text to be 
> clearer.  The capitalization of "sub-namespace" is a bit inconsistent 
> throughout the document.
>
> The table entry for "Reference" should add an 'a' in "Reference to a 
> document".
>
> The "Expert Reviewer" entry is internally inconsistent about how many 
> reviewers can be listed in a single field.  Multiple instances are 
> allowed, which would seem to indicate that one-reviewer-per-instance 
> is the correct disambiguation.

Yes, this is how it typically works. Do you think this needs to be 
clarified?

> In section 8, the meaning might be more clear with a comma between 
> "multiple registries" and "each".
>
> In the first paragraph of 8.2.2, "there is are any IETF Working 
> Groups" has an unnecessary "is".


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On Wed, 16 Oct 2013, Alexey Melnikov wrote:

> On 05/08/2013 19:47, Benjamin Kaduk wrote:
>
>> I've also reviewed version -07, and don't see anything particularly 
>> objectionable.
>
> Thank you for the review. I believe I addressed most of the editorial 
> comments from you and Leif.

Thanks.

>> The "Expert Reviewer" entry is internally inconsistent about how many 
>> reviewers can be listed in a single field.  Multiple instances are allowed, 
>> which would seem to indicate that one-reviewer-per-instance is the correct 
>> disambiguation.
>
> Yes, this is how it typically works. Do you think this needs to be clarified?

Looking back at this, I think I just wanted the text in the "possible 
values" column for the "expert reviewer" entry to say "Name of expert 
reviewer" (singular) rather than "Name of expert reviewers" (plural).  The 
description notes that multiple instances of the field are allowed, so 
everything else would be okay.

-Ben

From internet-drafts@ietf.org  Thu Oct 17 00:19:43 2013
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Subject: [kitten] I-D Action: draft-ietf-kitten-sasl-oauth-11.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Common Authentication Technology Next Gen=
eration Working Group of the IETF.

	Title           : A set of SASL Mechanisms for OAuth
	Author(s)       : William Mills
                          Tim Showalter
                          Hannes Tschofenig
	Filename        : draft-ietf-kitten-sasl-oauth-11.txt
	Pages           : 22
	Date            : 2013-10-16

Abstract:
   OAuth enables a third-party application to obtain limited access to a
   protected resource, either on behalf of a resource owner by
   orchestrating an approval interaction, or by allowing the third-party
   application to obtain access on its own behalf.

   This document defines how an application client uses credentials
   obtained via OAuth over the Simple Authentication and Security Layer
   (SASL) to access a protected resource at a resource serve.  Thereby,
   it enables schemes defined within the OAuth framework for non-HTTP-
   based application protocols.

   Clients typically store the user's long-term credential.  This does,
   however, lead to significant security vulnerabilities, for example,
   when such a credential leaks.  A significant benefit of OAuth for
   usage in those clients is that the password is replaced by a shared
   secret with higher entropy, i.e., the token.  Tokens typically
   provide limited access rights and can be managed and revoked
   separately from the user's long-term password.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-kitten-sasl-oauth

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-kitten-sasl-oauth-11

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-kitten-sasl-oauth-11


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


From hannes.tschofenig@gmx.net  Thu Oct 17 00:24:57 2013
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Subject: [kitten] draft-ietf-kitten-sasl-oauth-11
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Hi all,

I have just submitted an updated version of the OAuth SASL draft:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-kitten-sasl-oauth-11

As discussed earlier I have removed the GSS-API parts due to the 
problems we found earlier this year. Consequently, the document now only 
focuses on SASL.

I believe that this document is ready to get advanced.

Ciao
Hannes

From shawn.emery@oracle.com  Sun Oct 20 23:10:34 2013
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Subject: Re: [kitten] Consensus Calls
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On 10/15/13 05:20 PM, Nico Williams wrote:
> On Tue, Oct 15, 2013 at 12:21 AM, Shawn M Emery<shawn.emery@oracle.com>  wrote:
>> The consensus results from the 9-6-13 call (ending 9-20-13) was:
>>
>> 1. Consensus to progress the sasl-oauth draft with the GS2 related text
>> removed.  However, Nico, had brought up during the call that CB related text
>> should also removed until the base GS2 spec allows for mutual authentication
>> outside of the mechanism.  Alexey had mentioned interest in having this
>> support, but this is something that the long-term solution should provide.
>> I believe that we need further discussions on this point before we can
>> determine if any other consensus call needs to be made here.
> What was the consensus from the conference call we had about this?

We did not have a consensus call on this during the interim meeting.

The question is do you think that we need another consensus call to 
clarify that; GS2 mechanisms that don't support mutual authentication 
can not claim support for CB.  Therefore such mechanisms can not 
advertise -PLUS and therefore the draft should remove related text.  If 
this is noncontroversial or implied with the GS2 removal then I don't 
see the need to have another consensus call related to this.

> Was there any and did we then fail to confirm on the list?

See above.

>> 2. Consensus on adopting generic-naming-attributes.
>>
>> 3. No consensus on adopting krb5-pkcross.  We can always revisit this in the
>> future as demand, interest, or resources change.
> I thought there were similar support/don't-care positions for (2) and
> (3).  What was different in each case?

There were private responses as well.  For reference here were the 
consensus calls:

1. In regards to draft-ietf-kitten-sasl-oauth; should we remove the GS2 
related text from the draft and continue the proceed to shepherd this as 
an RFC?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Don't care or need more information

2. Should the WG recharter and adopt the 
draft-williams-kitten-generic-naming-attributes draft?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Don't care or need more information

3. Should the WG recharter and adopt the 
draft-williams-kitten-krb5-pkcross draft?

a. Yes
b. No
c. Don't care or need more information

The following were the results from the consensus calls:

1.a: 8
1.c: 4

2.a: 5
2.c: 5

3.a: 4
3.c: 7

As you can see there were a few people more people that didn't care for 
the krb5-pkcross.  In addition I think that we are having difficulties 
in gathering resources to do what existing WG items that we have on the 
charter, as well as fixing the base specification for GS2.  I would love 
to be proved wrong.

Shawn.
--

From kaduk@mit.edu  Mon Oct 21 11:53:26 2013
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Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2013 14:52:24 -0400 (EDT)
From: Benjamin Kaduk <kaduk@MIT.EDU>
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Subject: [kitten] I-D documenting the structure of the GSS negotiation loop
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Hi all,

I asked Nico for review of a draft which included (among other things) a 
description of the structure of the GSS negotiation loop.  Part of the 
comments I received were that it would be nice to have a separate document 
that anyone writing a protocol spec using the GSS-API could refer to 
(instead of having to document the loop for each application protocol). 
So, here's the -00 version of such a document.  Comments welcome!

-Ben

On Mon, 21 Oct 2013, internet-drafts@ietf.org wrote:

>
> A new version of I-D, draft-kaduk-kitten-gss-loop-00.txt
> has been successfully submitted by Benjamin Kaduk and posted to the
> IETF repository.
>
> Filename:	 draft-kaduk-kitten-gss-loop
> Revision:	 00
> Title:		 Structure of the GSS Negotiation Loop
> Creation date:	 2013-10-21
> Group:		 Individual Submission
> Number of pages: 9
> URL:             http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kaduk-kitten-gss-loop-00.txt
> Status:          http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kaduk-kitten-gss-loop
> Htmlized:        http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-kaduk-kitten-gss-loop-00
>
>
> Abstract:
>   This document specifies the generic structure of the negotiation loop
>   to establish a GSS security context between initiator and acceptor.
>   The control flow of the loop is indicated for both parties, including
>   error conditions, and indications are given for where application-
>   specific behavior must be specified.
>
>
>
>
> Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
> until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.
>
> The IETF Secretariat
>
>

From internet-drafts@ietf.org  Mon Oct 21 12:02:49 2013
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Subject: [kitten] I-D Action: draft-ietf-krb-wg-cammac-06.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Common Authentication Technology Next Gen=
eration Working Group of the IETF.

	Title           : Kerberos Authorization Data Container Authenticated by M=
ultiple MACs
	Author(s)       : Simo Sorce
                          Tom Yu
                          Thomas Hardjono
	Filename        : draft-ietf-krb-wg-cammac-06.txt
	Pages           : 9
	Date            : 2013-10-21

Abstract:
   Abstract: This document specifies a Kerberos Authorization Data
   container that supersedes AD-KDC-ISSUED.  It allows for multiple
   Message Authentication Codes (MACs) or signatures to authenticate the
   contained Authorization Data elements.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-krb-wg-cammac

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-krb-wg-cammac-06

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-krb-wg-cammac-06


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


From shawn.emery@oracle.com  Thu Oct 24 00:47:57 2013
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Subject: [kitten] IETF 88 - Draft Agenda
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Please provide any additions or updates to the draft agenda posted here:

http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/88/agenda/agenda-88-kitten

by Monday UTC 24:00.

Thanks,

Shawn.
--
kitten co-chair

From ghudson@mit.edu  Mon Oct 28 10:03:47 2013
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From: Greg Hudson <ghudson@MIT.EDU>
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Subject: Re: [kitten] I-D documenting the structure of the GSS negotiation loop
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Here are a couple of issues Ben and I discussed before the draft was
submitted, which Ben thought we could use list input on:

1. Overlap with 2743

It wasn't immediately clear to me whether this draft is a distillation
of RFC 2743 or whether it imposes new requirements.  I think there might
be some new requirements (like "The initiator MUST NOT change any of the
input parameters to GSS_Init_sec_context() between calls", while 2743
only mentions the claimant_cred_handle parameter), but they aren't
differentiated from repeated requirements.

2. Handling of impossible situations

Sections 2.2 and 2.5 describe what the application "SHOULD" do if GSSAPI
returns GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED from init/accept_sec_context with an empty
output token.  This is a nonsense answer from the GSS implementation,
indicative of a serious bug, and I don't think a spec like this needs to
describe what applications should do in the face of bugs.  I think most
applications I have seen will just send an empty token to the other
side, which will reject it, and that's not a problem.

3. Example code

The draft is written completely at the RFC 2743 level, independent of
language bindings.  I was sort of expecting a draft like this to have
example code using the C bindings.  There is already example code for
gss_init_sec_context and gss_accept_sec_context in RFC 2744, but it
could perhaps be improved to cover some of the statements in the draft,
like checking ret_flags after the context is established.

From simo@redhat.com  Mon Oct 28 10:38:01 2013
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On Mon, 2013-10-28 at 13:03 -0400, Greg Hudson wrote:
> Here are a couple of issues Ben and I discussed before the draft was
> submitted, which Ben thought we could use list input on:
> 
> 1. Overlap with 2743
> 
> It wasn't immediately clear to me whether this draft is a distillation
> of RFC 2743 or whether it imposes new requirements.  I think there might
> be some new requirements (like "The initiator MUST NOT change any of the
> input parameters to GSS_Init_sec_context() between calls", while 2743
> only mentions the claimant_cred_handle parameter), but they aren't
> differentiated from repeated requirements.
> 
> 2. Handling of impossible situations
> 
> Sections 2.2 and 2.5 describe what the application "SHOULD" do if GSSAPI
> returns GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED from init/accept_sec_context with an empty
> output token.  This is a nonsense answer from the GSS implementation,
> indicative of a serious bug, and I don't think a spec like this needs to
> describe what applications should do in the face of bugs.  I think most
> applications I have seen will just send an empty token to the other
> side, which will reject it, and that's not a problem.

Just FYI:
The NTLM mechanism can do this (empty token) in "connectionless mode",
and it is not a bug, the server will not reject it, but create an
appropriate reply token.

Simo.

-- 
Simo Sorce * Red Hat, Inc * New York


From nico@cryptonector.com  Mon Oct 28 10:40:43 2013
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Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2013 12:40:26 -0500
From: Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>
To: Benjamin Kaduk <kaduk@MIT.EDU>
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Subject: Re: [kitten] I-D documenting the structure of the GSS negotiation loop
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On Mon, Oct 21, 2013 at 02:52:24PM -0400, Benjamin Kaduk wrote:
> I asked Nico for review of a draft which included (among other
> things) a description of the structure of the GSS negotiation loop.
> Part of the comments I received were that it would be nice to have a
> separate document that anyone writing a protocol spec using the
> GSS-API could refer to (instead of having to document the loop for
> each application protocol). So, here's the -00 version of such a
> document.  Comments welcome!

Thanks for doing this!

> >URL:             http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kaduk-kitten-gss-loop-00.txt
> >Status:          http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kaduk-kitten-gss-loop
> >Htmlized:        http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-kaduk-kitten-gss-loop-00

I'll review later today in detail.  I think pseudo-code would be nice to
have.  I don't mind if it's synchronous-looking pesudo-code: between
threadlets (the JavaScript literature is filled to the brim, and long
ago spilled, with libraries along these lines) and such, and programmers
who know how to turn synchronous code into async code, I don't think
that's a problem.  I realize that normative text is also desirable, but
we already have it: in RFC2743.  So for an informative I-D I think
pseudo-code would be very good to have, and since we have C code in
RFC2744, it shouldn't be difficult to adapt.

Also, given that we have consensus for the channel-bound flag extension
that introduces a stepper model, I think we'll need to do this again...

Nico
-- 

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Subject: Re: [kitten] I-D documenting the structure of the GSS negotiation loop
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On 10/28/2013 01:37 PM, Simo Sorce wrote:
>> Sections 2.2 and 2.5 describe what the application "SHOULD" do if GSSAPI
>> returns GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED from init/accept_sec_context with an empty
>> output token.  This is a nonsense answer from the GSS implementation,
>> indicative of a serious bug, and I don't think a spec like this needs to
>> describe what applications should do in the face of bugs.  I think most
>> applications I have seen will just send an empty token to the other
>> side, which will reject it, and that's not a problem.
> 
> Just FYI:
> The NTLM mechanism can do this (empty token) in "connectionless mode",
> and it is not a bug, the server will not reject it, but create an
> appropriate reply token.

That violates RFC 2744, although 2743 doesn't say anything about it that
I can find.  See the description of output_token in RFC 2744 section 5.1
(in the free-form text, the example code, and the parameter list) and
section 5.19.

Note that for a GSS_S_COMPLETE result, the emptiness or non-emptiness of
output_token indicates whether there is a token to be sent, and there is
no other way for an application to know.  For a GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED
result, an application could assume that the token must always be
sent(*), but RFC 2744 doesn't tell applications to do so and doesn't do
so in its own example code.

(*) Actually, while I have always made the assumption that mech tokens
must alternate between initiator and acceptor, I'm not sure whether that
requirement is written down anywhere.


From simo@redhat.com  Mon Oct 28 11:08:22 2013
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On Mon, 2013-10-28 at 13:56 -0400, Greg Hudson wrote:
> On 10/28/2013 01:37 PM, Simo Sorce wrote:
> >> Sections 2.2 and 2.5 describe what the application "SHOULD" do if GSSAPI
> >> returns GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED from init/accept_sec_context with an empty
> >> output token.  This is a nonsense answer from the GSS implementation,
> >> indicative of a serious bug, and I don't think a spec like this needs to
> >> describe what applications should do in the face of bugs.  I think most
> >> applications I have seen will just send an empty token to the other
> >> side, which will reject it, and that's not a problem.
> > 
> > Just FYI:
> > The NTLM mechanism can do this (empty token) in "connectionless mode",
> > and it is not a bug, the server will not reject it, but create an
> > appropriate reply token.
> 
> That violates RFC 2744, although 2743 doesn't say anything about it that
> I can find.  See the description of output_token in RFC 2744 section 5.1
> (in the free-form text, the example code, and the parameter list) and
> section 5.19.
> 
> Note that for a GSS_S_COMPLETE result, the emptiness or non-emptiness of
> output_token indicates whether there is a token to be sent, and there is
> no other way for an application to know.  For a GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED
> result, an application could assume that the token must always be
> sent(*), but RFC 2744 doesn't tell applications to do so and doesn't do
> so in its own example code.
> 
> (*) Actually, while I have always made the assumption that mech tokens
> must alternate between initiator and acceptor, I'm not sure whether that
> requirement is written down anywhere.

In NTLMSSP this happens only in the first initiate in the client, and
GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED is returned. It is never the case if
GSS_S_COMPLETE is returned of course.

Simo.

-- 
Simo Sorce * Red Hat, Inc * New York


From jhutz@cmu.edu  Mon Oct 28 11:09:45 2013
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Subject: Re: [kitten] I-D documenting the structure of the GSS negotiation loop
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On Mon, 2013-10-28 at 13:56 -0400, Greg Hudson wrote:
> On 10/28/2013 01:37 PM, Simo Sorce wrote:
> >> Sections 2.2 and 2.5 describe what the application "SHOULD" do if GSSAPI
> >> returns GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED from init/accept_sec_context with an empty
> >> output token.  This is a nonsense answer from the GSS implementation,
> >> indicative of a serious bug, and I don't think a spec like this needs to
> >> describe what applications should do in the face of bugs.  I think most
> >> applications I have seen will just send an empty token to the other
> >> side, which will reject it, and that's not a problem.
> > 
> > Just FYI:
> > The NTLM mechanism can do this (empty token) in "connectionless mode",
> > and it is not a bug, the server will not reject it, but create an
> > appropriate reply token.
> 
> That violates RFC 2744, although 2743 doesn't say anything about it that
> I can find.  See the description of output_token in RFC 2744 section 5.1
> (in the free-form text, the example code, and the parameter list) and
> section 5.19.
> 
> Note that for a GSS_S_COMPLETE result, the emptiness or non-emptiness of
> output_token indicates whether there is a token to be sent, and there is
> no other way for an application to know.  For a GSS_S_CONTINUE_NEEDED
> result, an application could assume that the token must always be
> sent(*), but RFC 2744 doesn't tell applications to do so and doesn't do
> so in its own example code.
> 
> (*) Actually, while I have always made the assumption that mech tokens
> must alternate between initiator and acceptor, I'm not sure whether that
> requirement is written down anywhere.

It effectively is -- once you call gss_init_sec_context, in order to get
the input token for the next call, someone must call
gss_accept_sec_context, and vice versa.

-- Jeff


From nico@cryptonector.com  Mon Oct 28 11:25:55 2013
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From: Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>
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Cc: kitten@ietf.org, Simo Sorce <simo@redhat.com>
Subject: Re: [kitten] I-D documenting the structure of the GSS negotiation loop
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On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 01:56:13PM -0400, Greg Hudson wrote:
> (*) Actually, while I have always made the assumption that mech tokens
> must alternate between initiator and acceptor, I'm not sure whether that
> requirement is written down anywhere.

I'm certain that either it is or it's strongly implied.  There's
PROT_READY as well, but that factors out in prose.  That is, the
exchange of security context tokens absolutely must be synchronous,
first one from the initiator, then one from the acceptor, then back to
the initiator, and so on until complete or failure.

Per-message tokens may be produced/consumed before full security context
establishment if the security context is PROT_READY before it is
established, and these are not required to be exchanged synchronously.
But in that case the remaining security context tokens needed to get to
fully-established (or failure) state must be exchange synchronously
nonetheless.  And any security context token must be consumed before
per-msg tokens produced *after* producing the same security context
token.

Zero-length tokens are not allowed and/or they are indistinguishable
from absent tokens (depending on the bindings).

Zero-length inputs to GSS_Wrap() and GSS_GetMIC(), and zero-length
outputs from GSS_Unwrap(), *are* allowed, but these aren't tokens.

Nico
-- 

From nico@cryptonector.com  Mon Oct 28 11:32:41 2013
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Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2013 13:28:35 -0500
From: Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>
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Subject: Re: [kitten] I-D documenting the structure of the GSS negotiation loop
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On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 01:56:13PM -0400, Greg Hudson wrote:
> On 10/28/2013 01:37 PM, Simo Sorce wrote:
> > Just FYI:
> > The NTLM mechanism can do this (empty token) in "connectionless mode",
> > and it is not a bug, the server will not reject it, but create an
> > appropriate reply token.
> 
> That violates RFC 2744, although 2743 doesn't say anything about it that
> I can find.  See the description of output_token in RFC 2744 section 5.1
> (in the free-form text, the example code, and the parameter list) and
> section 5.19.

Note that NTLMSSP is not a standard GSS-API mechanism anyways (e.g., it
lacks the ASN.1 mechanism OID header on the initial context token).

But we might need to make allowance for such mechanisms.  In particular
we might need to allow for an empty (or constant) initial security
context token in the case that the mechanism is an adaptation of -say- a
SASL server-goes-first mechanism.

Ben's I-D should point this out.

Nico
-- 

From nkinder@redhat.com  Mon Oct 28 12:03:36 2013
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Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2013 12:03:21 -0700
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Subject: [kitten] New draft submitted for "Authentication Indicator in Kerberos tickets"
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Hi,

I submitted a new draft to IETF last week that seems to fit into the 
charter for this working group.  The draft is for adding an indicator of 
the authentication used into Kerberos tickets.  The draft is available here:

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-jain-kitten-krb-auth-indicator-00

Please take a look at it and let me know if you have any feedback.

Thanks,
-NGK

From mrex@sap.com  Mon Oct 28 12:10:58 2013
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To: Nico Williams <nico@cryptonector.com>
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2013 20:10:47 +0100 (CET)
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From: mrex@sap.com (Martin Rex)
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Cc: kitten@ietf.org, Simo Sorce <simo@redhat.com>
Subject: Re: [kitten] I-D documenting the structure of the GSS negotiation loop
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Nico Williams wrote:
> On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 01:56:13PM -0400, Greg Hudson wrote:
> > On 10/28/2013 01:37 PM, Simo Sorce wrote:
> > > Just FYI:
> > > The NTLM mechanism can do this (empty token) in "connectionless mode",
> > > and it is not a bug, the server will not reject it, but create an
> > > appropriate reply token.
> > 
> > That violates RFC 2744, although 2743 doesn't say anything about it that
> > I can find.  See the description of output_token in RFC 2744 section 5.1
> > (in the free-form text, the example code, and the parameter list) and
> > section 5.19.
> 
> Note that NTLMSSP is not a standard GSS-API mechanism anyways (e.g., it
> lacks the ASN.1 mechanism OID header on the initial context token).

Keep in mind that the generic framing is a requirement for
the initial context token.  So it is incompatible with GSS-API to have
an empty context token emitted by the first call to gss_init_sec_context().


> 
> But we might need to make allowance for such mechanisms.  In particular
> we might need to allow for an empty (or constant) initial security
> context token in the case that the mechanism is an adaptation of -say- a
> SASL server-goes-first mechanism.


I don't think that this makes an argument for having gss_init_sec_context
emit an empty token on first call.  Asking whether gss_accept_sec_context
should be permitted to not fail when no token is supplied in the first
iteration call looks like a different question to me.

For a gssapi mechanism that starts the handshake on the initiator side,
defining an initial context token intitiator->acceptor hat has the
generic framing should always be possible, even if there is no
substantial mechanism data inside, and the primary purpose is to
pass the ball to the acceptor.

SPNEGO will also likely be unable to deal with a zero-length initial
token from gss_init_sec_context() (and recognizing whether there is
an optimistic token present).


-Martin

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From: Michiko Short <michikos@microsoft.com>
To: "kitten@ietf.org" <kitten@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Request for summary of issues with existing AES-CTS with new SHA2
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Date: Tue, 29 Oct 2013 21:18:47 +0000
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Can someone summarize what the issues blocking using the existing AES-CTS w=
ith SHA2? We have had several discussions over the past months discussing v=
arious aspects, but it is unclear to me what the blockers were that makes w=
hat we all implemented for SHA1 not feasible for SHA2.


Thanks,
Michiko Short | Program Manager | Windows Security & Identity


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<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Can someone summarize what the issues blocking using=
 the existing AES-CTS with SHA2? We have had several discussions over the p=
ast months discussing various aspects, but it is unclear to me what the blo=
ckers were that makes what we all
 implemented for SHA1 not feasible for SHA2.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>Michiko S<span style=3D"color:gray">hort</span></=
b><span style=3D"color:gray"> |&nbsp;Program Manager | Windows Security &am=
p; Identity</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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From mpeck@mitre.org  Wed Oct 30 07:33:35 2013
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From: "Peck, Michael A" <mpeck@mitre.org>
To: Michiko Short <michikos@microsoft.com>, "kitten@ietf.org" <kitten@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [kitten] Request for summary of issues with existing AES-CTS with new SHA2
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Michiko,

First, regarding the CTS vs. CBC with PKCS#7 padding question, we the docum=
ent editors are of course happy to go along with whatever consensus the wor=
king group comes to.
Our latest CTS-based draft is at: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-kit=
ten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01
Our latest CBC with PKCS#7 padding draft is at: http://tools.ietf.org/html/=
draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cbc-hmac-sha2-00

In the Introduction of both drafts we have a section describing the differe=
nces between them and the existing Kerberos AES specification (RFC 3961/396=
2).
Our goal was to update to SHA2 and also follow current best cryptographic p=
ractices.
For example, unlike RFC3961 we follow the current best practice of Encrypt-=
then-MAC.
For CTS, we use the definition in the NIST Special Publication 800-38A Adde=
ndum, which uses an explicit IV instead of a confounder.
Unfortunately the NIST definition doesn=92t deal with plaintext lengths equ=
al to or less than the AES block size, so we added text in Section 5 to cov=
er that situation for completeness, even if it might never happen in realit=
y.

The CTS draft states:

*  The pseudorandom function used by PBKDF2 is HMAC-SHA-256 or HMAC-
      SHA-384.

   *  A key derivation function from [SP800-108<http://tools.ietf.org/html/=
draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01#ref-SP800-108>] which uses the SHA-2=
56
      or SHA-384 hash algorithm is used to produce keys for encryption,
      integrity protection, and checksum operations.

   *  The IV used during content encryption is sent as part of the
      ciphertext, instead of using a confounder. This saves one
      encryption and decryption operation per message.

   *  The HMAC is calculated over the AES output, instead of being
      calculated over the plaintext.  This allows the message receiver
      to verify the integrity of the message before decrypting the
      message.

   *  The HMAC algorithm uses the SHA-256 or SHA-384 hash algorithm for
      integrity protection and checksum operations.

From: Michiko Short <michikos@microsoft.com<mailto:michikos@microsoft.com>>
Date: Tuesday, October 29, 2013 5:18 PM
To: "kitten@ietf.org<mailto:kitten@ietf.org>" <kitten@ietf.org<mailto:kitte=
n@ietf.org>>
Cc: Anoosh Saboori <ansaboor@microsoft.com<mailto:ansaboor@microsoft.com>>
Subject: [kitten] Request for summary of issues with existing AES-CTS with =
new SHA2

Can someone summarize what the issues blocking using the existing AES-CTS w=
ith SHA2? We have had several discussions over the past months discussing v=
arious aspects, but it is unclear to me what the blockers were that makes w=
hat we all implemented for SHA1 not feasible for SHA2.


Thanks,
Michiko Short | Program Manager | Windows Security & Identity


--_000_CE968B118849mpeckmitreorg_
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<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3DWindows-1=
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</head>
<body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-lin=
e-break: after-white-space; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 14px; font-fami=
ly: Calibri, sans-serif; ">
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
Michiko,</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
First, regarding the CTS vs. CBC with PKCS#7 padding question, we the docum=
ent editors are of course happy to go along with whatever consensus the wor=
king group comes to. &nbsp;</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
Our latest CTS-based draft is at:&nbsp;<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/htm=
l/draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-=
ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01</a></div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
Our latest CBC with PKCS#7 padding draft is at:&nbsp;<a href=3D"http://tool=
s.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cbc-hmac-sha2-00">http://tools.ietf.o=
rg/html/draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cbc-hmac-sha2-00</a></div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
In the Introduction of both drafts we have a section describing the differe=
nces between them and the existing Kerberos AES specification (RFC 3961/396=
2). &nbsp;</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
Our goal was to update to SHA2 and also follow current best cryptographic p=
ractices.</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
For example, unlike RFC3961 we follow the current best practice of Encrypt-=
then-MAC.</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
For CTS, we use the definition in the NIST Special Publication 800-38A Adde=
ndum, which uses an explicit IV instead of a confounder.</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
Unfortunately the NIST definition doesn=92t deal with plaintext lengths equ=
al to or less than the AES block size, so we added text in Section 5 to cov=
er that situation for completeness, even if it might never happen in realit=
y.</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
The CTS draft states:</div>
<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<pre class=3D"newpage" style=3D"font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bot=
tom: 0px; page-break-before: always; ">*  The pseudorandom function used by=
 PBKDF2 is HMAC-SHA-256 or HMAC-
      SHA-384.

   *  A key derivation function from [<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html=
/draft-ietf-kitten-aes-cts-hmac-sha2-01#ref-SP800-108" title=3D"&quot;Recom=
mendation for Key Derivation Using Pseudorandom Functions&quot;">SP800-108<=
/a>] which uses the SHA-256
      or SHA-384 hash algorithm is used to produce keys for encryption,
      integrity protection, and checksum operations.

   *  The IV used during content encryption is sent as part of the
      ciphertext, instead of using a confounder. This saves one
      encryption and decryption operation per message.

   *  The HMAC is calculated over the AES output, instead of being
      calculated over the plaintext.  This allows the message receiver
      to verify the integrity of the message before decrypting the
      message.

   *  The HMAC algorithm uses the SHA-256 or SHA-384 hash algorithm for
      integrity protection and checksum operations.</pre>
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<div style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-s=
ize: 14px; ">
<br>
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<span id=3D"OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION" style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family=
: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; ">
<div style=3D"font-family:Calibri; font-size:11pt; text-align:left; color:b=
lack; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTTOM:=
 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid;=
 BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">From: </span>Michiko Short &lt;<a href=3D"=
mailto:michikos@microsoft.com">michikos@microsoft.com</a>&gt;<br>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">Date: </span>Tuesday, October 29, 2013 5:1=
8 PM<br>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">To: </span>&quot;<a href=3D"mailto:kitten@=
ietf.org">kitten@ietf.org</a>&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:kitten@ietf.org">=
kitten@ietf.org</a>&gt;<br>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">Cc: </span>Anoosh Saboori &lt;<a href=3D"m=
ailto:ansaboor@microsoft.com">ansaboor@microsoft.com</a>&gt;<br>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>[kitten] Request for summa=
ry of issues with existing AES-CTS with new SHA2<br>
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<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Can someone summarize what the issues blocking using=
 the existing AES-CTS with SHA2? We have had several discussions over the p=
ast months discussing various aspects, but it is unclear to me what the blo=
ckers were that makes what we all
 implemented for SHA1 not feasible for SHA2.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b>Michiko S<span style=3D"color:gray">hort</span></=
b><span style=3D"color:gray"> |&nbsp;Program Manager | Windows Security &am=
p; Identity</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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