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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Michael_Str=F6der?= <michael@stroeder.com>
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To: John McMeeking <jmcmeek@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Ldapext (E-mail)" <ldapext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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John McMeeking wrote:
> 
> There are cases where password changes are processed through an
> applicatiuon that runs under some administrative identity; the user does
> not have authority to change his entry directly.  I believe password policy
> should still apply in such cases and behave much like the user was changing
> his own password.

I think the application accessing the user's entry under some administrative 
identity should enforce all the password rules then.

Ciao, Michael.

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From ldapext-admin@ietf.org  Tue Mar  2 05:14:36 2004
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Cc: "Ldapext (E-mail)" <ldapext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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Andrew Sciberras wrote:
 >
 > Section 6.1.2B (Page 20)
 >
 >>If the number of these failures is greater or equal to the
 >>pwdMaxFailure attribute, the server MUST lock the account
 >>by setting the value of the pwdAccountLockedTime attribute
 >>to the current time. After locking the account, the server
 >>MUST send a bindResponse to the client with the
 >>resultCode: unwillingToPerform (53), and MUST include the
 >>passwordPolicyResponse in the controls field of the
 >>bindResponse message with the error: accountLocked (1).
 >
 >
> I do not think that the return code should be unwillingToPerform. In this
>  scenario, the user has got their password wrong and this incorrect
> attempt has made the number of failures exceed the pwdMaxFailure limit.
> In this case the reason why the operation (BIND) is going to fail is
> because of the incorrect password. The fact that the number of bind
> failures has exceeded a policy limit is just a consequence of that. For
> this reason I believe that the resultCode should be invalidCredentials.

Andrew, I understand the rationale of your argument but I'd like to see a 
different error code returned for LDAP applications which are not aware of 
draft-behera-ldap-password-policy. unwillingToPerform would somewhat 
indicate a final failure whereas invalidCredentials makes the LDAP client 
just pop-up another login window...

Ciao, Michael.

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From ldapext-admin@ietf.org  Tue Mar  2 12:10:33 2004
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From: "Howard Chu" <hyc@highlandsun.com>
To: <ldapext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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> From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Michael_Str=F6der?= <michael@stroeder.com>
> Andrew Sciberras wrote:
>  >
>  > Section 6.1.2B (Page 20)
>  >
>  >>If the number of these failures is greater or equal to the
>  >>pwdMaxFailure attribute, the server MUST lock the account
>  >>by setting the value of the pwdAccountLockedTime attribute
>  >>to the current time. After locking the account, the server
>  >>MUST send a bindResponse to the client with the
>  >>resultCode: unwillingToPerform (53), and MUST include the
>  >>passwordPolicyResponse in the controls field of the
>  >>bindResponse message with the error: accountLocked (1).
>  >
>  >
> > I do not think that the return code should be
> unwillingToPerform. In this
> >  scenario, the user has got their password wrong and this incorrect
> > attempt has made the number of failures exceed the
> pwdMaxFailure limit.
> > In this case the reason why the operation (BIND) is going to fail is
> > because of the incorrect password. The fact that the number of bind
> > failures has exceeded a policy limit is just a consequence
> of that. For
> > this reason I believe that the resultCode should be
> invalidCredentials.
>
> Andrew, I understand the rationale of your argument but I'd
> like to see a
> different error code returned for LDAP applications which are
> not aware of
> draft-behera-ldap-password-policy. unwillingToPerform would somewhat
> indicate a final failure whereas invalidCredentials makes the
> LDAP client
> just pop-up another login window...

>From a purist's security perspective, I'd agree that invalidCredentials is
the correct response. One of the maxims in security is to provide the minimal
amount of information to an attacker. Thus, one is advised to avoid giving
responses that differentiate between "account does not exist" / "password is
incorrect" / "account locked due to too many failed attempts" ... Following
this argument, I wouldn't even provide any special information in the
passwordPolicyResponse control.

  -- Howard Chu
  Chief Architect, Symas Corp.       Director, Highland Sun
  http://www.symas.com               http://highlandsun.com/hyc
  Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support


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From ldapext-admin@ietf.org  Tue Mar  2 19:10:29 2004
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Subject: RE: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
Date: Wed, 3 Mar 2004 11:06:39 +1100
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Thread-Topic: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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From: "Ramsay, Ron" <Ron.Ramsay@ca.com>
To: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Michael_Str=F6der?= <michael@stroeder.com>
Cc: "Ldapext \(E-mail\)" <ldapext@ietf.org>
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Don't change the LDAP protocol - just DON'T. If you use the control, you =
have some leeway, but without the control you MUST defer to RFC 2251.

Ron

-----Original Message-----
From: ldapext-admin@ietf.org [mailto:ldapext-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
Michael Str=F6der
Sent: Tuesday, 2 March 2004 04:53
To: andrew.sciberras@adacel.com
Cc: Ldapext (E-mail)
Subject: Re: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt


Andrew Sciberras wrote:
 >
 > Section 6.1.2B (Page 20)
 >
 >>If the number of these failures is greater or equal to the
 >>pwdMaxFailure attribute, the server MUST lock the account
 >>by setting the value of the pwdAccountLockedTime attribute
 >>to the current time. After locking the account, the server
 >>MUST send a bindResponse to the client with the
 >>resultCode: unwillingToPerform (53), and MUST include the
 >>passwordPolicyResponse in the controls field of the
 >>bindResponse message with the error: accountLocked (1).
 >
 >
> I do not think that the return code should be unwillingToPerform. In =
this
>  scenario, the user has got their password wrong and this incorrect
> attempt has made the number of failures exceed the pwdMaxFailure =
limit.
> In this case the reason why the operation (BIND) is going to fail is
> because of the incorrect password. The fact that the number of bind
> failures has exceeded a policy limit is just a consequence of that. =
For
> this reason I believe that the resultCode should be =
invalidCredentials.

Andrew, I understand the rationale of your argument but I'd like to see =
a=20
different error code returned for LDAP applications which are not aware =
of=20
draft-behera-ldap-password-policy. unwillingToPerform would somewhat=20
indicate a final failure whereas invalidCredentials makes the LDAP =
client=20
just pop-up another login window...

Ciao, Michael.

_______________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
Date: Wed, 3 Mar 2004 13:07:02 +1100
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>-----Original Message-----
>From: ldapext-admin@ietf.org [mailto:ldapext-admin@ietf.org]On
>Behalf Of
>Howard Chu
>Sent: Wednesday, 3 March 2004 4:07
>To: ldapext@ietf.org
>Subject: Re: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt

<snip>

>... Following
>this argument, I wouldn't even provide any special information in the
>passwordPolicyResponse control.
>

Bringing us back to the question: When is the password policy control
returned?
* Always, or
* Every time important information needs to be conveyed, or
* Only for specific operations as stated in section 5.2
* Only for specific operations as stated in section 5.2 and important
information must be conveyed, or
* When the operation has succeeded/failed due to the password policy
regardless of the operation and whether we have important information to
convey.

(The above list is based on the fact that the client has provided a request
control)

Cheers,
Andrew Sciberras.


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From: "Howard Chu" <hyc@highlandsun.com>
To: "'Ldapext \(E-mail\)'" <ldapext@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
Date: Tue, 2 Mar 2004 22:39:52 -0800
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Section 7 page 27, shouldn't this be:

	In the event that the passwordPolicyRequest 
   control was not sent, no passwordPolicyResponse control is returned. 
                                          ^^^^^^^^

  -- Howard Chu
  Chief Architect, Symas Corp.       Director, Highland Sun
  http://www.symas.com               http://highlandsun.com/hyc
  Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support 


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From: "Howard Chu" <hyc@highlandsun.com>
To: <ldapext@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
Date: Tue, 2 Mar 2004 22:48:14 -0800
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Section 6 page 17 (top) again:
	In the event that the passwordPolicyRequest control
       was not sent, no passwordPolicyResponse control is returned.
                                      ^^^^^^^^

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Howard Chu [mailto:hyc@highlandsun.com]

> From a purist's security perspective, I'd agree that
> invalidCredentials is the correct response. One of the maxims
> in security is to provide the minimal amount of information
> to an attacker. Thus, one is advised to avoid giving
> responses that differentiate between "account does not exist"
> / "password is incorrect" / "account locked due to too many
> failed attempts" ... Following this argument, I wouldn't even
> provide any special information in the passwordPolicyResponse control.

So I would change 6.1.1

      If the account is locked, the server MUST send a bindResponse to
      the client with the resultCode: invalidCredentials (49). The server
      MAY set the error: accountLocked (1) in the passwordPolicyResponse
      in the controls field of the bindResponse message.

I.e., I would like to leave it up to the admin to decide whether this error
code should be returned or not.

  -- Howard Chu
  Chief Architect, Symas Corp.       Director, Highland Sun
  http://www.symas.com               http://highlandsun.com/hyc
  Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support


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Yes it should and it's been corrected now.
Thanks for pointing it out.

Ludovic.

Howard Chu wrote:

>Section 7 page 27, shouldn't this be:
>
>	In the event that the passwordPolicyRequest 
>   control was not sent, no passwordPolicyResponse control is returned. 
>                                          ^^^^^^^^
>
>  -- Howard Chu
>  Chief Architect, Symas Corp.       Director, Highland Sun
>  http://www.symas.com               http://highlandsun.com/hyc
>  Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support 
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Ldapext mailing list
>Ldapext@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ldapext
>  
>

-- 
Ludovic Poitou
Directory Architect.
Directory Server Group, Grenoble, France
Sun Microsystems Inc.

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Howard Chu wrote:

>Section 6 page 17 (top) again:
>	In the event that the passwordPolicyRequest control
>       was not sent, no passwordPolicyResponse control is returned.
>                                      ^^^^^^^^
>
>  
>
Thanks again.

>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: Howard Chu [mailto:hyc@highlandsun.com]
>>    
>>
>
>  
>
>>From a purist's security perspective, I'd agree that
>>invalidCredentials is the correct response. One of the maxims
>>in security is to provide the minimal amount of information
>>to an attacker. Thus, one is advised to avoid giving
>>responses that differentiate between "account does not exist"
>>/ "password is incorrect" / "account locked due to too many
>>failed attempts" ... Following this argument, I wouldn't even
>>provide any special information in the passwordPolicyResponse control.
>>    
>>
>
>So I would change 6.1.1
>
>      If the account is locked, the server MUST send a bindResponse to
>      the client with the resultCode: invalidCredentials (49). The server
>      MAY set the error: accountLocked (1) in the passwordPolicyResponse
>      in the controls field of the bindResponse message.
>
>I.e., I would like to leave it up to the admin to decide whether this error
>code should be returned or not.
>
>  
>

This is a reasonable requirement that I'm inclined to include in the 
document.

Ludovic.

>  -- Howard Chu
>  Chief Architect, Symas Corp.       Director, Highland Sun
>  http://www.symas.com               http://highlandsun.com/hyc
>  Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Ldapext mailing list
>Ldapext@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ldapext
>  
>

-- 
Ludovic Poitou
Directory Architect.
Directory Server Group, Grenoble, France
Sun Microsystems Inc.

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Subject: Fwd: RE: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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The original intent was that it would be returned (when requested) only
when information needed to be conveyed.
 
We can clarify if needed, but I'm interested if you see a reason to
prefer one of your other possibilities.
 
Thanks,
 
Jim

>>> andrews@adacel.com.au 3/2/04 7:07:02 PM >>>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: ldapext-admin@ietf.org [mailto:ldapext-admin@ietf.org]On 
>Behalf Of
>Howard Chu
>Sent: Wednesday, 3 March 2004 4:07
>To: ldapext@ietf.org 
>Subject: Re: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt

<snip>

>... Following
>this argument, I wouldn't even provide any special information in the
>passwordPolicyResponse control.
>

Bringing us back to the question: When is the password policy control
returned?
* Always, or
* Every time important information needs to be conveyed, or
* Only for specific operations as stated in section 5.2
* Only for specific operations as stated in section 5.2 and important
information must be conveyed, or
* When the operation has succeeded/failed due to the password policy
regardless of the operation and whether we have important information
to
convey.

(The above list is based on the fact that the client has provided a
request
control)

Cheers,
Andrew Sciberras.


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<DIV>The original intent was that it would be returned (when requested) =
only when information needed to be conveyed.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>We can clarify if needed, but I'm interested if you see a reason to =
prefer one of your other possibilities.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Thanks,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Jim<BR><BR>&gt;&gt;&gt; andrews@adacel.com.au 3/2/04 7:07:02 PM =
&gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt;-----Original Message-----<BR>&gt;From: <U><A =
href=3D"mailto:ldapext-admin@ietf.org">ldapext-admin@ietf.org</A></U> =
<U><A href=3D"mailto:[mailto:ldapext-admin@ietf.org]On">[mailto:ldapext-adm=
in@ietf.org]On</A></U> <BR>&gt;Behalf Of<BR>&gt;Howard Chu<BR>&gt;Sent: =
Wednesday, 3 March 2004 4:07<BR>&gt;To: <U><A href=3D"mailto:ldapext@ietf.o=
rg">ldapext@ietf.org</A></U> <BR>&gt;Subject: Re: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera=
-ldap-password-policy-07.txt<BR><BR>&lt;snip&gt;<BR><BR>&gt;... Following<B=
R>&gt;this argument, I wouldn't even provide any special information in =
the<BR>&gt;passwordPolicyResponse control.<BR>&gt;<BR><BR>Bringing us back =
to the question: When is the password policy control<BR>returned?<BR>* =
Always, or<BR>* Every time important information needs to be conveyed, =
or<BR>* Only for specific operations as stated in section 5.2<BR>* Only =
for specific operations as stated in section 5.2 and important<BR>informati=
on must be conveyed, or<BR>* When the operation has succeeded/failed due =
to the password policy<BR>regardless of the operation and whether we have =
important information to<BR>convey.<BR><BR>(The above list is based on the =
fact that the client has provided a request<BR>control)<BR><BR>Cheers,<BR>A=
ndrew Sciberras.<BR><BR><BR>_______________________________________________=
<BR>Ldapext mailing list<BR><U><A href=3D"mailto:Ldapext@ietf.org">Ldapext@=
ietf.org</A></U> <BR><U><A href=3D"https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/l=
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Cc: "Ldapext \(E-mail\)" <ldapext@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: RE: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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G'Day

Since the next revision of the draft will indicate the servers should
include the control in the 'SupportedControls' attribute, I can respect the
fact the control should only be returned (when requested) to convey
important information.

That being said, the draft is counter to this by returning controls that
only contain an empty sequence (E.g. Bind and Compare).
Some may also interpret section to 5.2 to suggest that the control is always
returned (when requested) for specific operations.

Cheers,
Andrew Sciberras

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<DIV><SPAN class=3D665484101-04032004><FONT=20
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<DIV><SPAN class=3D665484101-04032004><FONT=20
face=3D"Microsoft Sans Serif"></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D665484101-04032004><FONT face=3D"Microsoft Sans =
Serif">Since the=20
next revision of the draft will indicate the servers should include the =
control=20
in the 'SupportedControls' attribute, I can respect the fact the control =
should=20
only be returned (when requested) to convey important information.=20
</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D665484101-04032004><FONT=20
face=3D"Microsoft Sans Serif"></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D665484101-04032004><FONT face=3D"Microsoft Sans =
Serif">That being=20
said, the draft&nbsp;is counter to this by returning controls that only =
contain=20
an empty sequence (E.g. Bind and Compare).</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D665484101-04032004>Some may also interpret section to =
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From ldapext-admin@ietf.org  Thu Mar  4 03:04:35 2004
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To: Howard Chu <hyc@highlandsun.com>
Cc: ldapext@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
References: <00a901c40078$d07b8d10$1801a8c0@CELLO>
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Howard Chu wrote:
> 
> From a purist's security perspective, I'd agree that invalidCredentials is
> the correct response. One of the maxims in security is to provide the minimal
> amount of information to an attacker. Thus, one is advised to avoid giving
> responses that differentiate between "account does not exist" / "password is
> incorrect" / "account locked due to too many failed attempts" ... Following
> this argument, I wouldn't even provide any special information in the
> passwordPolicyResponse control.

This would make a password policy a 1st-level support nightmare. And it's 
security by obscurity which does not really work against serious attacks anyway.

Ciao, Michael.

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From: "Howard Chu" <hyc@highlandsun.com>
To: <ldapext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
Date: Thu, 4 Mar 2004 09:38:34 -0800
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> Date: Thu, 04 Mar 2004 08:12:26 +0100
> From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Michael_Str=F6der?= <michael@stroeder.com>

> Howard Chu wrote:
> >
> > From a purist's security perspective, I'd agree that
> invalidCredentials is
> > the correct response. One of the maxims in security is to
> provide the minimal
> > amount of information to an attacker. Thus, one is advised
> to avoid giving
> > responses that differentiate between "account does not
> exist" / "password is
> > incorrect" / "account locked due to too many failed
> attempts" ... Following
> > this argument, I wouldn't even provide any special
> information in the
> > passwordPolicyResponse control.
>
> This would make a password policy a 1st-level support
> nightmare.

Making it optional as I suggested is harmless; your site can enable this
result if you feel the need. Making it mandatory is harmful; I have worked on
a number of US government projects where computer systems are expressly
forbidden from revealing this kind of status. I think your objection is a
moot point if the feature is optional.

> And it's
> security by obscurity which does not really work against
> serious attacks anyway.

No, this is not the same as "security by obscurity." A better illustration
would be to compare it to a silent alarm system in the real world. When the
intruder doesn't know that his intrusion has been detected, he remains on the
scene, giving time for authorities to arrive and catch him in the act. An
attacker that doesn't know the account has been locked is likely to continue
probing it with Bind attempts. If they know for certain it has been disabled,
they will move on. There is real value in not letting the attacker know that
the attack has been detected, because it gives a greater opportunity to trace
the attack.

Not all LDAP servers need to be user-friendly; the protocol should allow for
other possibilities.

  -- Howard Chu
  Chief Architect, Symas Corp.       Director, Highland Sun
  http://www.symas.com               http://highlandsun.com/hyc
  Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support


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From ldapext-admin@ietf.org  Thu Mar  4 13:04:28 2004
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From: "Howard Chu" <hyc@highlandsun.com>
To: <ldapext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
Date: Thu, 4 Mar 2004 10:01:06 -0800
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In general I see the LDAP unwillingToPerform result code used to mean
*unable* to perform - i.e., the requested operation is unimplemented and the
target server can *never* satisfy a request. Of course the LDAP spec doesn't
define it this way, but that appears to me to be the most common usage. (Am I
missing the point somewhere?)

I am uncomfortable with its use in this draft for errors which are unrelated
to the actual capabilities implemented by the server. E.g., 6.2.3 should just
return insufficientAccessRights. Is my concern unnecessary?

  -- Howard Chu
  Chief Architect, Symas Corp.       Director, Highland Sun
  http://www.symas.com               http://highlandsun.com/hyc
  Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support


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From ldapext-admin@ietf.org  Thu Mar  4 20:30:35 2004
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To: "Howard Chu" <hyc@highlandsun.com>
From: "Kurt D. Zeilenga" <Kurt@OpenLDAP.org>
Subject: Re: [ldapext] RE:draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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I haven't look at the particular usage, but I think that
specifically calling for the return of unwillingToPerform
is not a good idea.  It, like a number of general result
codes, should be left to the implementor to decide between
(other, busy, ...).  Or, to put it another way, specifications
should not attach narrow semantics to a general purpose
result code.  If something needs to be called out specifically,
it likely better to use a new code.

Kurt

At 03:01 AM 3/5/2004, Howard Chu wrote:
>In general I see the LDAP unwillingToPerform result code used to mean
>*unable* to perform - i.e., the requested operation is unimplemented and the
>target server can *never* satisfy a request. Of course the LDAP spec doesn't
>define it this way, but that appears to me to be the most common usage. (Am I
>missing the point somewhere?)
>
>I am uncomfortable with its use in this draft for errors which are unrelated
>to the actual capabilities implemented by the server. E.g., 6.2.3 should just
>return insufficientAccessRights. Is my concern unnecessary?
>
>  -- Howard Chu
>  Chief Architect, Symas Corp.       Director, Highland Sun
>  http://www.symas.com               http://highlandsun.com/hyc
>  Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Ldapext mailing list
>Ldapext@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ldapext


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I have recently been made aware of the existence of=20

draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt

and I would like to work with the ldapext group to make Samba suitable
for us with it, and the draft suitable for use with Samba (as well as a
number of other tools in this class, being Cyrus-SASL and Heimdal's
hdb-ldap in particular).

These tools all have one thing in common, that is that they do not
generally ship cleartext passwords to LDAP when checking passwords.=20
Instead, they use administrative rights to read the user's password and
perform challenge-response on them. =20

Similarly, these tools often do not have the original plaintext password
for password changes, only the new plaintext.  Again, this means that
these operations are performed as some administrative user.

However, I can see great value in ensuring that Samba complies with the
password policies in force on the rest of the directory, and more
particularly, to allow Samba password policies (in some way derived from
what MS does, as we match our NT4 semantics) to be set in the directory,
using both NT and native LDAP tools.

What I am looking for is some additional control or operation that may
be used by Samba/Heimdal/etc to say 'a user just logged in, with the
right password', and 'a user just tried to log in with a wrong
password'. =20

Likewise, some additional control to say 'this password change on behalf
of a user', would fix my second concern. =20

I realise that these could be considered to be 'not LDAP's problem' (as
it regards password comparisons outside the directory), but in the
interests of seamless directory integration, I hope that some
accommodation can be made, particularly in the interests of
cross-protocol, cross-application consistency.

(Indeed Samba and some other tools may read the user's plaintext
password out of the userPassword attribute.  It would be a pity to
defeat the max bad password checks while attempting to make an
administrator's live *easier*...)

Finally, I apologise if I have messed up some of the finer details of
LDAP here.  While I have spent a lot of time (along with many others)
working of pdb_ldap in Samba, I am far from an LDAP guru...

Is this something the working group is willing to consider?

Andrew Bartlett
--=20
Andrew Bartlett                                 abartlet@pcug.org.au
Manager, Authentication Subsystems, Samba Team  abartlet@samba.org
Student Network Administrator, Hawker College   abartlet@hawkerc.net
http://samba.org     http://build.samba.org     http://hawkerc.net

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From ldapext-admin@ietf.org  Sat Mar  6 21:21:31 2004
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To: Andrew Bartlett <abartlet@samba.org>
From: "Kurt D. Zeilenga" <Kurt@OpenLDAP.org>
Subject: Re: [ldapext] Samba and the password policy draft
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At 05:38 PM 3/6/2004, Andrew Bartlett wrote:
>Is this something the working group is willing to consider?

For clarity, note that the LDAPEXT working group is concluded.
The LDAPEXT list is just a convenient place to discuss LDAP
extensions, but all the works in progress discussed here are
independent submissions (whether Standard Track (and hence to
the IETF) or Informational/Experimental (and hence to the RFC
Editor)).

So, the more appropriate question would be s/working group/authors/.

Kurt 


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From: "Jim Sermersheim" <jimse@novell.com>
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Subject: [ldapext] Support for NSSRs
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All,
 
As we move closer to beginning to define the LDAP distributed directory
model, I propose that we seriously consider dropping support for
non-specific subordinate references (NSSR)s.
 
There are problems in implementing this type of reference, and as far
as I know, there aren't good use cases for it (see Section 9.2 of the
"WEIRD AND WONDERFUL" section at
http://www.isi.salford.ac.uk/staff/dwc/Version.Web/Chapter.9/Chapter9c.htm.
 
One particularly sticky problem is this:
 
Say an NSSR holds five referral URIs. Two point to DSAs that hold
different naming contexts, and three point to DSAs which replicate a
single naming context. There is nothing that sets URIs representing
copies of naming contexts apart from those representing different naming
contexts. Thus, a protocol peer that recieves a searchResultReference
due to this NSSR will erroneously progress the search on two DSAs that
hold the same data.
 
There are other problems when adding subordinate objects to an NSSR.
 
If you know of reasons that NSSRs should be supported, and how these
types of problems can be overcome, please reply.
 
Thanks.
 
Jim

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<DIV>All,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>As we move closer to beginning to define the LDAP distributed =
directory model, I propose that we seriously consider dropping support for =
non-specific subordinate references (NSSR)s.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>There are problems in implementing this type of reference, and as far =
as I know, there aren't good use cases for it (see Section 9.2 of the =
"WEIRD AND WONDERFUL" section at <A href=3D"http://www.isi.salford.ac.uk/st=
aff/dwc/Version.Web/Chapter.9/Chapter9c.htm">http://www.isi.salford.ac.uk/s=
taff/dwc/Version.Web/Chapter.9/Chapter9c.htm</A>.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>One particularly sticky problem is this:</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Say an NSSR holds five referral URIs.&nbsp;Two point to DSAs that =
hold different naming contexts, and&nbsp;three point to DSAs which =
replicate a single naming context. There is nothing that sets URIs =
representing copies of naming contexts apart from those representing =
different naming contexts. Thus, a protocol peer that recieves a searchResu=
ltReference due to this NSSR will erroneously progress the search on two =
DSAs that hold the same data.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>There are other problems when adding subordinate objects to an =
NSSR.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>If you know of reasons that NSSRs should be supported, and how these =
types of problems can be overcome, please reply.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Thanks.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Jim</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From: "Jim Sermersheim" <jimse@novell.com>
To: <ldapext@ietf.org>, "Vince Brimhall" <VBrimhall@novell.com>,
        <abartlet@samba.org>
Cc: <samba-technical@samba.org>
Subject: Re: [ldapext] Samba and the password policy draft
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Andrew,
 
(speaking on behalf of the other LDAP password policy I-D authors) This
kind of integration is something we do want to consider.
 
Before we look at adding additional operations though, can we talk
about the reasons that prevent these applications from using existing
LDAP operations? Our guess is that it has to do with the fact that Samba
fetches either an NT or LM hashed password from the directory, and uses
that to perform the comparison. The NT/LM hash doesn't work with LDAP
simple bind because LDAP simple bind requires a clear text password.
 
I'm wondering if there's something preventing the use of an NT/LM SASL
mechanism to perform an LDAP SASL bind. Novell is beginning to look at
doing just that and will contribute to the code if it's seen as
beneficial. If this were available, the password policy could still be
enforced by the LDAP server
 
Then for password modifications, there is RFC 3602. Do you think this
is sufficient to update these kinds of passwords? 
Note that the new password is optional.
Also note that we *could* update the policy draft such that the
pwdSafeModify requires either the old password, or a trusted identity to
make the change. 
 
I know that for both of these to work, the server will need to support
the SASL mechanism, and allow itself to be configured to populate the
correct attributes when the password modify operation is used.
 
Let me know your thoughts on pushing in this direction.
 
Jim

>>> Andrew Bartlett <abartlet@samba.org> 3/6/04 6:38:06 PM >>>
I have recently been made aware of the existence of 

draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt

and I would like to work with the ldapext group to make Samba suitable
for us with it, and the draft suitable for use with Samba (as well as
a
number of other tools in this class, being Cyrus-SASL and Heimdal's
hdb-ldap in particular).

These tools all have one thing in common, that is that they do not
generally ship cleartext passwords to LDAP when checking passwords. 
Instead, they use administrative rights to read the user's password
and
perform challenge-response on them. 

Similarly, these tools often do not have the original plaintext
password
for password changes, only the new plaintext. Again, this means that
these operations are performed as some administrative user.

However, I can see great value in ensuring that Samba complies with
the
password policies in force on the rest of the directory, and more
particularly, to allow Samba password policies (in some way derived
from
what MS does, as we match our NT4 semantics) to be set in the
directory,
using both NT and native LDAP tools.

What I am looking for is some additional control or operation that may
be used by Samba/Heimdal/etc to say 'a user just logged in, with the
right password', and 'a user just tried to log in with a wrong
password'. 

Likewise, some additional control to say 'this password change on
behalf
of a user', would fix my second concern. 

I realise that these could be considered to be 'not LDAP's problem'
(as
it regards password comparisons outside the directory), but in the
interests of seamless directory integration, I hope that some
accommodation can be made, particularly in the interests of
cross-protocol, cross-application consistency.

(Indeed Samba and some other tools may read the user's plaintext
password out of the userPassword attribute. It would be a pity to
defeat the max bad password checks while attempting to make an
administrator's live *easier*...)

Finally, I apologise if I have messed up some of the finer details of
LDAP here. While I have spent a lot of time (along with many others)
working of pdb_ldap in Samba, I am far from an LDAP guru...

Is this something the working group is willing to consider?

Andrew Bartlett
-- 
Andrew Bartlett abartlet@pcug.org.au 
Manager, Authentication Subsystems, Samba Team abartlet@samba.org 
Student Network Administrator, Hawker College abartlet@hawkerc.net 
http://samba.org http://build.samba.org http://hawkerc.net 


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<BODY style=3D"MARGIN: 4px 4px 1px; FONT: 10pt Microsoft Sans Serif">
<DIV>Andrew,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>(speaking on behalf of the other LDAP password policy I-D authors) =
This kind of integration is something we do want to consider.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Before we look at adding additional operations though, can we talk =
about the reasons that prevent these applications from using existing LDAP =
operations? Our guess is that it has to do with the fact that Samba =
fetches either an NT or LM hashed password from the directory, and uses =
that to perform the comparison. The NT/LM hash doesn't work with LDAP =
simple bind&nbsp;because LDAP simple bind requires a clear text password.</=
DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'm wondering if there's something preventing the use of an NT/LM =
SASL mechanism to perform an LDAP SASL bind. Novell is beginning to look =
at doing just that and will contribute to the code if it's seen as =
beneficial. If this were available, the password policy could still be =
enforced by the LDAP server</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Then for password modifications, there is RFC 3602. Do you think this =
is sufficient to update these kinds of passwords? </DIV>
<DIV>Note that the new password is optional.</DIV>
<DIV>Also note that we *could* update the policy draft such that the =
pwdSafeModify requires either the old password, or a trusted identity to =
make the change. </DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I know that for both of these to work, the server will need to =
support the SASL mechanism, and allow itself to be configured to populate =
the correct attributes when the password modify operation is used.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Let me know your thoughts on pushing in this direction.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Jim</DIV>
<DIV><BR>&gt;&gt;&gt; Andrew Bartlett &lt;abartlet@samba.org&gt; 3/6/04 =
6:38:06 PM &gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>I have recently been made aware of the =
existence of <BR><BR>draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt<BR><BR>and I =
would like to work with the ldapext group to make Samba suitable<BR>for us =
with it, and the draft suitable for use with Samba (as well as a<BR>number =
of other tools in this class, being Cyrus-SASL and Heimdal's<BR>hdb-ldap =
in particular).<BR><BR>These tools all have one thing in common, that is =
that they do not<BR>generally ship cleartext passwords to LDAP when =
checking passwords. <BR>Instead, they use administrative rights to read =
the user's password and<BR>perform challenge-response on them. <BR><BR>Simi=
larly, these tools often do not have the original plaintext password<BR>for=
 password changes, only the new plaintext. Again, this means that<BR>these =
operations are performed as some administrative user.<BR><BR>However, I =
can see great value in ensuring that Samba complies with the<BR>password =
policies in force on the rest of the directory, and more<BR>particularly, =
to allow Samba password policies (in some way derived from<BR>what MS =
does, as we match our NT4 semantics) to be set in the directory,<BR>using =
both NT and native LDAP tools.<BR><BR>What I am looking for is some =
additional control or operation that may<BR>be used by Samba/Heimdal/etc =
to say 'a user just logged in, with the<BR>right password', and 'a user =
just tried to log in with a wrong<BR>password'. <BR><BR>Likewise, some =
additional control to say 'this password change on behalf<BR>of a user', =
would fix my second concern. <BR><BR>I realise that these could be =
considered to be 'not LDAP's problem' (as<BR>it regards password comparison=
s outside the directory), but in the<BR>interests of seamless directory =
integration, I hope that some<BR>accommodation can be made, particularly =
in the interests of<BR>cross-protocol, cross-application consistency.<BR><B=
R>(Indeed Samba and some other tools may read the user's plaintext<BR>passw=
ord out of the userPassword attribute. It would be a pity to<BR>defeat the =
max bad password checks while attempting to make an<BR>administrator's =
live *easier*...)<BR><BR>Finally, I apologise if I have messed up some of =
the finer details of<BR>LDAP here. While I have spent a lot of time (along =
with many others)<BR>working of pdb_ldap in Samba, I am far from an LDAP =
guru...<BR><BR>Is this something the working group is willing to consider?<=
BR><BR>Andrew Bartlett<BR>-- <BR>Andrew Bartlett <U><A href=3D"mailto:abart=
let@pcug.org.au">abartlet@pcug.org.au</A></U> <BR>Manager, Authentication =
Subsystems, Samba Team <U><A href=3D"mailto:abartlet@samba.org">abartlet@sa=
mba.org</A></U> <BR>Student Network Administrator, Hawker College <U><A =
href=3D"mailto:abartlet@hawkerc.net">abartlet@hawkerc.net</A></U> =
<BR><U><A href=3D"http://samba.org/">http://samba.org</A></U> <U><A =
href=3D"http://build.samba.org/">http://build.samba.org</A></U> <U><A =
href=3D"http://hawkerc.net/">http://hawkerc.net</A></U> <BR></DIV></BODY></=
HTML>

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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Samba and the password policy draft
From: Andrew Bartlett <abartlet@samba.org>
To: Jim Sermersheim <jimse@novell.com>
Cc: ldapext@ietf.org, Vince Brimhall <VBrimhall@novell.com>,
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On Tue, 2004-03-09 at 11:07, Jim Sermersheim wrote:
> Andrew,
> =20
> (speaking on behalf of the other LDAP password policy I-D authors)
> This kind of integration is something we do want to consider.
> =20
> Before we look at adding additional operations though, can we talk
> about the reasons that prevent these applications from using existing
> LDAP operations? Our guess is that it has to do with the fact that
> Samba fetches either an NT or LM hashed password from the directory,
> and uses that to perform the comparison. The NT/LM hash doesn't work
> with LDAP simple bind because LDAP simple bind requires a clear text
> password.

Correct.

> I'm wondering if there's something preventing the use of an NT/LM SASL
> mechanism to perform an LDAP SASL bind. Novell is beginning to look at
> doing just that and will contribute to the code if it's seen as
> beneficial. If this were available, the password policy could still be
> enforced by the LDAP server

NO.  This is not suitable for a SASL mechanism, as this is a
challenge-response that is done by Samba, or a Samba client (being an NT
domain member server, for example).  We simply get the result of the
challenge-response, we can't specify the inputs. =20

Even if you hacked a solution to that, consider Heimdal and Cyrus-SASL
(backed against an LDAP password store)... =20

> Then for password modifications, there is RFC 3602.=20

RFC 3602 - The AES-CBC Cipher Algorithm and Its Use with IPsec??

Ahh, you mean 3062 :-).  Samba already supports this, and indeed it is
my proposal that we use this to perform the password set, when we have
the plaintext password.  We currently still set the NT and LM passwords
manually, but it is my hope that in the future, the LDAP server will
know how to populate the required attributes itself.  A patch
implementing this for OpenLDAP is in the works.

Indeed it was my proposal to use exactly this (using our existing
pdb_ldap and 'ldap password sync =3D only' in the smb.conf) when Novell
expressed an interest in providing an eDirectory passdb backend for
Samba.

> Do you think this is sufficient to update these kinds of passwords?=20
> Note that the new password is optional.
> Also note that we *could* update the policy draft such that the
> pwdSafeModify requires either the old password, or a trusted identity
> to make the change.=20

This would be good.  The only thing I need in addition is for the server
to support still considering this to be a 'user modify', so as to check
the 'quality' against user, not administrator rules (I presume the admin
is exempt from the rules).

> I know that for both of these to work, the server will need to support
> the SASL mechanism, and allow itself to be configured to populate the
> correct attributes when the password modify operation is used.
> =20
> Let me know your thoughts on pushing in this direction.

The SASL stuff is a non-starter, but the password modify stuff is
exactly what I am thinking.

Andrew Bartlett

--=20
Andrew Bartlett                                 abartlet@pcug.org.au
Manager, Authentication Subsystems, Samba Team  abartlet@samba.org
Student Network Administrator, Hawker College   abartlet@hawkerc.net
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From ldapext-admin@ietf.org  Mon Mar  8 21:55:31 2004
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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Samba and the password policy draft
Cc: ldapext@ietf.org, VBrimhall@novell.com, abartlet@samba.org,
        samba-technical@samba.org
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>I'm wondering if there's something preventing the use of an NT/LM SASL
>mechanism to perform an LDAP SASL bind. Novell is beginning to look at
>doing just that and will contribute to the code if it's seen as
>beneficial. If this were available, the password policy could still be
>enforced by the LDAP server

For the record, this exists and is supported by Active Directory -- it
is the NTLM SASL mechanism. But, as Andrew pointed out, it buys you
nothing with pass-through authentication.
 
>Then for password modifications, there is RFC 3602. Do you think this
>is sufficient to update these kinds of passwords? 

In some cases you only have the user's keys, not their password. Perhaps
a control could be defined that extended RFC 3062 to support setting
keys.

-- Luke


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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Samba and the password policy draft
From: Andrew Bartlett <abartlet@samba.org>
To: Luke Howard <lukeh@PADL.COM>
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On Tue, 2004-03-09 at 13:51, Luke Howard wrote:
> >I'm wondering if there's something preventing the use of an NT/LM SASL
> >mechanism to perform an LDAP SASL bind. Novell is beginning to look at
> >doing just that and will contribute to the code if it's seen as
> >beneficial. If this were available, the password policy could still be
> >enforced by the LDAP server
>=20
> For the record, this exists and is supported by Active Directory -- it
> is the NTLM SASL mechanism. But, as Andrew pointed out, it buys you
> nothing with pass-through authentication.
> =20
> >Then for password modifications, there is RFC 3602. Do you think this
> >is sufficient to update these kinds of passwords?=20
>=20
> In some cases you only have the user's keys, not their password. Perhaps
> a control could be defined that extended RFC 3062 to support setting
> keys.

Indeed, that would be useful.  Could direct setting of those attributes
be considered to be that operation?  That is already proposed as an
allowed way to change userPassword, I think.

Andrew Bartlett

--=20
Andrew Bartlett                                 abartlet@pcug.org.au
Manager, Authentication Subsystems, Samba Team  abartlet@samba.org
Student Network Administrator, Hawker College   abartlet@hawkerc.net
http://samba.org     http://build.samba.org     http://hawkerc.net

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From ldapext-admin@ietf.org  Tue Mar  9 01:15:38 2004
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        abartlet@samba.org, samba-technical@samba.org
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>> In some cases you only have the user's keys, not their password. Perhaps
>> a control could be defined that extended RFC 3062 to support setting
>> keys.
>
>Indeed, that would be useful.  Could direct setting of those attributes
>be considered to be that operation?

True. A set keys operation, though, would at least abstract the client
from caring about how the keys are represented in the directory, and
allow the server to enforce constraints that may not be appropriate in
the case of a normal directory update.

draft-ietf-krb-wg-kerberos-set-passwd-01.txt might be a good place to
start -- there was some talk at the Vienna IETF about extending this
to LDAP.

-- Luke


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>> In some cases you only have the user's keys, not their password. Perhaps
>> a control could be defined that extended RFC 3062 to support setting
>> keys.
>
>Indeed, that would be useful.  Could direct setting of those attributes
>be considered to be that operation?

True. A set keys operation, though, would at least abstract the client
from caring about how the keys are represented in the directory, and
allow the server to enforce constraints that may not be appropriate in
the case of a normal directory update.

draft-ietf-krb-wg-kerberos-set-passwd-01.txt might be a good place to
start -- there was some talk at the Vienna IETF about extending this
to LDAP.

-- Luke


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To: Luke Howard <lukeh@PADL.COM>
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On Tue, 2004-03-09 at 13:51, Luke Howard wrote:
> >I'm wondering if there's something preventing the use of an NT/LM SASL
> >mechanism to perform an LDAP SASL bind. Novell is beginning to look at
> >doing just that and will contribute to the code if it's seen as
> >beneficial. If this were available, the password policy could still be
> >enforced by the LDAP server
>=20
> For the record, this exists and is supported by Active Directory -- it
> is the NTLM SASL mechanism. But, as Andrew pointed out, it buys you
> nothing with pass-through authentication.
> =20
> >Then for password modifications, there is RFC 3602. Do you think this
> >is sufficient to update these kinds of passwords?=20
>=20
> In some cases you only have the user's keys, not their password. Perhaps
> a control could be defined that extended RFC 3062 to support setting
> keys.

Indeed, that would be useful.  Could direct setting of those attributes
be considered to be that operation?  That is already proposed as an
allowed way to change userPassword, I think.

Andrew Bartlett

--=20
Andrew Bartlett                                 abartlet@pcug.org.au
Manager, Authentication Subsystems, Samba Team  abartlet@samba.org
Student Network Administrator, Hawker College   abartlet@hawkerc.net
http://samba.org     http://build.samba.org     http://hawkerc.net

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From: "Jim Sermersheim" <jimse@novell.com>
To: <ldapext@ietf.org>, <abartlet@samba.org>
Cc: <samba-technical@samba.org>
Subject: Re: [ldapext] Samba and the password policy draft
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>>> Andrew Bartlett <abartlet@samba.org> 3/6/04 6:38:06 PM >>>

>What I am looking for is some additional control or operation that may
>be used by Samba/Heimdal/etc to say 'a user just logged in, with the
>right password', and 'a user just tried to log in with a wrong
>password'.=20

I'm toying with the notion of changing the draft such that it describes =
password policy decision points, and then refers to those decision points =
when talking about how to implement operations like bind and compare. Once =
this is done, it should be easy to create new operations (like those you =
mentioned) and specify which password policy decision points are invoked =
during those new operations.
=20
The first thing I noticed when looking at doing this is that the current =
wording for bind (and compare) require server implementations to check for =
a locked account prior to performing the password comparison. I think we =
did this either as an optimization, or because we deemed it important to =
always check for the locked account condition. I think it'll be ok to just =
make a statement that this condition must be checked whether the password =
comparison succeeds or fails.
=20
The only reason I bring this up is because the suggested operations above =
don't/can't follow the current pattern (unless there's also a 'this user =
is going to log in' precheck operation * yuk).
=20
Jim


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<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1"=
>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY style=3D"MARGIN: 4px 4px 1px; FONT: 10pt Microsoft Sans Serif">
<DIV>&gt;&gt;&gt; Andrew Bartlett &lt;abartlet@samba.org&gt; 3/6/04 =
6:38:06 PM &gt;&gt;&gt;<BR></DIV>
<DIV>&gt;What I am looking for is some additional control or operation =
that may<BR>&gt;be used by Samba/Heimdal/etc to say 'a user just logged =
in, with the<BR>&gt;right password', and 'a user just tried to log in with =
a wrong<BR>&gt;password'. <BR><BR>I'm toying with the notion of changing =
the draft such that it describes password policy decision points, and then =
refers to those decision points when talking about how to implement =
operations like bind and compare. Once this is done, it should be easy to =
create new operations (like those you mentioned) and specify which =
password policy decision points are invoked during those new operations.</D=
IV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>The first thing I noticed when looking at doing this is that the =
current wording for bind (and compare) require&nbsp;server implementations =
to check for a locked account prior to performing the password comparison. =
I think we did this either as an optimization, or because we deemed it =
important to always check for&nbsp;the locked account condition. I think =
it'll be ok to just make a statement that this condition must be checked =
whether the password comparison succeeds or fails.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>The only reason I bring this up is because the suggested operations =
above don't/can't follow the current pattern (unless there's also a 'this =
user is going to log in' precheck operation =97 yuk).</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Jim</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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> -----Original Message-----
> >Section 4.3.3, 6.1.1
> >A 0 value for generalizedTime is mentioned. This is
> >impossible as 0 is not a valid value.
> >We use 0000010100Z.

> Nice catch. We use 000001010000Z which is another
> representation of the same value.
> I'll change the wording to specific the generalizedTime 1st
> of Jan 0000, 00h00mn and give a representation of the value.

While testing our implementation for OpenLDAP I tripped over a minor
problem - if multiple Bind requests for a user are made in rapid succession,
there may not be fine enough resolution in the timestamps to distinguish each
attempt. So, the pwdFailureTime (for failures) or pwdGraceUseTime (for
expired password) attributes will not have an accurate count because the
server refuses to store duplicate values in an attribute.

It seems that, audit aspects aside, these attributes would be more useful as
single-valued integer counters instead of a list of timestamps.

  -- Howard Chu
  Chief Architect, Symas Corp.       Director, Highland Sun
  http://www.symas.com               http://highlandsun.com/hyc
  Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support


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Subject: [ldapext] Re: draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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True. For replication purposes, we picked timestamp over integer
counters.
 
I suggest we use change sequence numbers
(http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-sermersheim-ldap-csn-00.txt)
instead of timestamps for these.
 
I also noticed that the quoted change below was made to Section 6.1
(bind), but not Section 6.4 (compare), I hope to consolidate these
nearly identical sections soon.
 
Jim

>>> "Howard Chu" <hyc@highlandsun.com> 3/15/04 6:06:27 PM >>>
> -----Original Message-----
> >Section 4.3.3, 6.1.1
> >A 0 value for generalizedTime is mentioned. This is
> >impossible as 0 is not a valid value.
> >We use 0000010100Z.

> Nice catch. We use 000001010000Z which is another
> representation of the same value.
> I'll change the wording to specific the generalizedTime 1st
> of Jan 0000, 00h00mn and give a representation of the value.

While testing our implementation for OpenLDAP I tripped over a minor
problem - if multiple Bind requests for a user are made in rapid
succession,
there may not be fine enough resolution in the timestamps to
distinguish each
attempt. So, the pwdFailureTime (for failures) or pwdGraceUseTime (for
expired password) attributes will not have an accurate count because
the
server refuses to store duplicate values in an attribute.

It seems that, audit aspects aside, these attributes would be more
useful as
single-valued integer counters instead of a list of timestamps.

-- Howard Chu
Chief Architect, Symas Corp. Director, Highland Sun
http://www.symas.com http://highlandsun.com/hyc 
Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support


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<DIV>True. For replication purposes, we picked timestamp over integer =
counters.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I suggest we use change sequence numbers (<A href=3D"http://www.ietf.o=
rg/internet-drafts/draft-sermersheim-ldap-csn-00.txt">http://www.ietf.org/i=
nternet-drafts/draft-sermersheim-ldap-csn-00.txt</A>)&nbsp;instead of =
timestamps for these.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I also noticed that the quoted change below was made to Section 6.1 =
(bind), but not Section 6.4 (compare), I hope to consolidate these nearly =
identical sections soon.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Jim<BR><BR>&gt;&gt;&gt; "Howard Chu" &lt;hyc@highlandsun.com&gt; =
3/15/04 6:06:27 PM &gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>&gt; -----Original Message-----<BR>&gt; =
&gt;Section 4.3.3, 6.1.1<BR>&gt; &gt;A 0 value for generalizedTime is =
mentioned. This is<BR>&gt; &gt;impossible as 0 is not a valid value.<BR>&gt=
; &gt;We use 0000010100Z.<BR><BR>&gt; Nice catch. We use 000001010000Z =
which is another<BR>&gt; representation of the same value.<BR>&gt; I'll =
change the wording to specific the generalizedTime 1st<BR>&gt; of Jan =
0000, 00h00mn and give a representation of the value.<BR><BR>While testing =
our implementation for OpenLDAP I tripped over a minor<BR>problem - if =
multiple Bind requests for a user are made in rapid succession,<BR>there =
may not be fine enough resolution in the timestamps to distinguish =
each<BR>attempt. So, the pwdFailureTime (for failures) or pwdGraceUseTime =
(for<BR>expired password) attributes will not have an accurate count =
because the<BR>server refuses to store duplicate values in an attribute.<BR=
><BR>It seems that, audit aspects aside, these attributes would be more =
useful as<BR>single-valued integer counters instead of a list of timestamps=
.<BR><BR>-- Howard Chu<BR>Chief Architect, Symas Corp. Director, Highland =
Sun<BR><U><A href=3D"http://www.symas.com/">http://www.symas.com</A></U> =
<U><A href=3D"http://highlandsun.com/hyc">http://highlandsun.com/hyc</A></U=
> <BR>Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support<BR><BR><BR>________=
_______________________________________<BR>Ldapext mailing list<BR><U><A =
href=3D"mailto:Ldapext@ietf.org">Ldapext@ietf.org</A></U> <BR><U><A =
href=3D"https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ldapext">https://www1.ietf.o=
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From ldapext-admin@ietf.org  Tue Mar 16 06:02:31 2004
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Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2004 11:58:32 +0100
From: Ludovic Poitou <ludovic.poitou@Sun.COM>
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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Re: draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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Using single valued integers is very problematic as there is no 
increment operation (and reset operation), and thus it doesn't work well 
with replication.
We have several customers that want to have a strict measure of the 
failed attempts on a distributed directory.

I am fine with the use of Change Sequence Numbers (or something similar 
may be shorter, as GSER really produces big string representations). It 
may require some specifications on what is a ReplicaID in the case of 
standalone server.

Ludovic.

Jim Sermersheim wrote:

> True. For replication purposes, we picked timestamp over integer counters.
>  
> I suggest we use change sequence numbers 
> (http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-sermersheim-ldap-csn-00.txt) instead 
> of timestamps for these.
>  
> I also noticed that the quoted change below was made to Section 6.1 
> (bind), but not Section 6.4 (compare), I hope to consolidate these 
> nearly identical sections soon.
>  
> Jim
>
> >>> "Howard Chu" <hyc@highlandsun.com> 3/15/04 6:06:27 PM >>>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > >Section 4.3.3, 6.1.1
> > >A 0 value for generalizedTime is mentioned. This is
> > >impossible as 0 is not a valid value.
> > >We use 0000010100Z.
>
> > Nice catch. We use 000001010000Z which is another
> > representation of the same value.
> > I'll change the wording to specific the generalizedTime 1st
> > of Jan 0000, 00h00mn and give a representation of the value.
>
> While testing our implementation for OpenLDAP I tripped over a minor
> problem - if multiple Bind requests for a user are made in rapid 
> succession,
> there may not be fine enough resolution in the timestamps to 
> distinguish each
> attempt. So, the pwdFailureTime (for failures) or pwdGraceUseTime (for
> expired password) attributes will not have an accurate count because the
> server refuses to store duplicate values in an attribute.
>
> It seems that, audit aspects aside, these attributes would be more 
> useful as
> single-valued integer counters instead of a list of timestamps.
>
> -- Howard Chu
> Chief Architect, Symas Corp. Director, Highland Sun
> _http://www.symas.com <http://www.symas.com/>_ 
> _http://highlandsun.com/hyc_
> Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ldapext mailing list
> _Ldapext@ietf.org <mailto:Ldapext@ietf.org>_
> _https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ldapext_


-- 
Ludovic Poitou
Directory Architect.
Directory Server Group, Grenoble, France
Sun Microsystems Inc.

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From: "Kurt D. Zeilenga" <Kurt@OpenLDAP.org>
Subject: Re: [ldapext] Re: draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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At 02:58 AM 3/16/2004, Ludovic Poitou wrote:
>Using single valued integers is very problematic as there is no increment operation (and reset operation), and thus it doesn't work well with replication.

Replicating values due to non-user modifications is also
problematic.  It seems to me that an attacker could abuse
distributed directories supporting such?  Also, if this
is a master-provided attribute, it seems you need a
mechanism for shadow servers communicate to the master
that a bind has failed?  Also, doesn't this mean you can
attack all the shadows at will until the master communicates
that the account is locked?

I also note that giving notice that an 'account' is 'locked'
is helpful to an attacker.  Let's them know they need to
move onto another account for a while, or can be used by
the attacker to lock out a particular user, or to DoS
the directory administrator with support calls from locked
out users.

I think we need to consider alternatives to locking the
account to hinder dictionary/exhaustive attack upon user's
password.

Kurt 


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Kurt D. Zeilenga wrote:

>At 02:58 AM 3/16/2004, Ludovic Poitou wrote:
>  
>
>>Using single valued integers is very problematic as there is no increment operation (and reset operation), and thus it doesn't work well with replication.
>>    
>>
>
>Replicating values due to non-user modifications is also
>problematic.  It seems to me that an attacker could abuse
>distributed directories supporting such? 
>
Correct.

> Also, if this
>is a master-provided attribute, it seems you need a
>mechanism for shadow servers communicate to the master
>that a bind has failed?
>
Correct.

>  Also, doesn't this mean you can
>attack all the shadows at will until the master communicates
>that the account is locked?
>  
>
That is an implementation issue (one can apply the change locally and 
communicate it to the Master).

>I also note that giving notice that an 'account' is 'locked'
>is helpful to an attacker.  Let's them know they need to
>move onto another account for a while, or can be used by
>the attacker to lock out a particular user, or to DoS
>the directory administrator with support calls from locked
>out users.
>  
>

I agree... Implementation should be free to return or not the control 
giving notice that the 'account' is 'locked'

>I think we need to consider alternatives to locking the
>account to hinder dictionary/exhaustive attack upon user's
>password.
>
>  
>
What is the current state of the art with regards to dictionary attack 
protection ? Except keeping answering invalid credentials without 
actually doing anything, I don't have ideas...

Ludovic.

>Kurt 
>
>  
>

-- 
Ludovic Poitou
Directory Architect.
Directory Server Group, Grenoble, France
Sun Microsystems Inc.

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At 08:17 AM 3/16/2004, Ludovic Poitou wrote:
>What is the current state of the art with regards to dictionary attack protection ? Except keeping answering invalid credentials without actually doing anything, I don't have ideas... 

I think the current state of concern is that one has to be
very careful in defending dictionary attacks upon the users'
credentials as often the defensive measures open the service
to higher risk attacks, such as DoS attacks, or actually aid
dictionary attackers.

In regards to the latter, it seems this proposal seems to
focus in on attacks to a particular known user's password.
The proposal seems to give away information that would be
useful in attacks on sets of users (including the set of
users previously unknown to the attacker).  In particular,
the proposal aides the attacker in determine which of the
possible users are valid.  Also, the proposal seems to
assume the attack will have an inner loop which varies
the password.  If the inner loop actually varied the
user name, the proposal may be ineffective.

In regards to the former, the mechanism is clearly open to
DoS abuses upon individual users, the service at a particular
server, the (distributed) service in general, and support
centers.  Not only is the mechanism is kind enough to lock
out accounts for the attacker, it kind enough to deal her
when they are locked out (so the attacker can move on to
locking another account).

Anways, I think it would wiser for servers to just return
invalidCredentials when the credentials are invalid (and have
credentials which have significant entropy), possibly
with an exponential delay to slow retries (and a policy that
no one connection can have multiple bind requests outstanding).
However, even insertion of delays can be used by attackers
in denying service.

I think the state of the art lies in Intrusion Detection
Systems.  That is, systems which take information about
events, automagically analyze these for possible intrusion
attempts, and then take immediate action (notify admin, advise
service take some defensive action, etc.) based upon local policy
information, and provide tools for subsequent investigation
and actions.

Of course, the state of art in DoS is to attack IDS systems.

Kurt 


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To: Ludovic Poitou <ludovic.poitou@Sun.COM>
From: "Kurt D. Zeilenga" <Kurt@OpenLDAP.org>
Subject: Re: [ldapext] Re: draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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At 08:17 AM 3/16/2004, Ludovic Poitou wrote:
>> Also, doesn't this mean you can
>>attack all the shadows at will until the master communicates
>>that the account is locked?
>> 
>That is an implementation issue (one can apply the change locally and communicate it to the Master). 

Doesn't this go against your' user's desire to have a strict
lock out on N retries policy across the service?   I mean, if
implementations are free to local retries counts, than cannot
those be abused to get retries than the policy allowed?

Ignoring DoS attacks in this area, is there a scaling problem
here?

We have deployments involving large numbers of replicas
where maintain policy state information on a context
wide basis would be prohibitively expensive.

It seems to me that it would be better to define any state
information to be DSA-specific, but with a comment saying
that DSAs may agree to share state information but that
the how to that sharing could be performed is beyond the
scope of this document.

Kurt 


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From: "Howard Chu" <hyc@highlandsun.com>
To: "'Kurt D. Zeilenga'" <Kurt@OpenLDAP.org>,
        "'Ludovic Poitou'" <ludovic.poitou@Sun.COM>
Cc: "'Jim Sermersheim'" <jimse@novell.com>, <ldapext@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [ldapext] Re: draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Kurt D. Zeilenga [mailto:Kurt@OpenLDAP.org]

> At 08:17 AM 3/16/2004, Ludovic Poitou wrote:
> >> Also, doesn't this mean you can
> >>attack all the shadows at will until the master communicates
> >>that the account is locked?
> >>
> >That is an implementation issue (one can apply the change
> locally and communicate it to the Master).
>
> Doesn't this go against your' user's desire to have a strict
> lock out on N retries policy across the service?   I mean, if
> implementations are free to local retries counts, than cannot
> those be abused to get retries than the policy allowed?

Another similar case is for a pool of servers behind a DNS round-robin scheme
or a load balancer...

> Ignoring DoS attacks in this area, is there a scaling problem
> here?
>
> We have deployments involving large numbers of replicas
> where maintain policy state information on a context
> wide basis would be prohibitively expensive.

There's definitely the potential here for Bind requests on a single server to
tie up resources on all cooperating servers as the policy attributes get
replicated around. In a single-master case it would make more sense for the
read-only replicas to chain the Binds to the master rather than process them
locally, and keep the policy attributes only on the master.

> It seems to me that it would be better to define any state
> information to be DSA-specific, but with a comment saying
> that DSAs may agree to share state information but that
> the how to that sharing could be performed is beyond the
> scope of this document.

As a sanity check it would be good to have a "Replication/Distribution
Considerations" section (somewhat like the current section 9) that was
Informative (not normative) highlighting some of the pros and cons of various
approaches. It always bugs me to see a document punt with "there are problems
here" without listing the problems...

  -- Howard Chu
  Chief Architect, Symas Corp.       Director, Highland Sun
  http://www.symas.com               http://highlandsun.com/hyc
  Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support


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Howard Chu wrote:

>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: Kurt D. Zeilenga [mailto:Kurt@OpenLDAP.org]
>>    
>>
>
>  
>
>>At 08:17 AM 3/16/2004, Ludovic Poitou wrote:
>>    
>>
>>>>Also, doesn't this mean you can
>>>>attack all the shadows at will until the master communicates
>>>>that the account is locked?
>>>>
>>>>        
>>>>
>>>That is an implementation issue (one can apply the change
>>>      
>>>
>>locally and communicate it to the Master).
>>
>>Doesn't this go against your' user's desire to have a strict
>>lock out on N retries policy across the service?   I mean, if
>>implementations are free to local retries counts, than cannot
>>those be abused to get retries than the policy allowed?
>>    
>>
>
>Another similar case is for a pool of servers behind a DNS round-robin scheme
>or a load balancer...
>
>  
>
>>Ignoring DoS attacks in this area, is there a scaling problem
>>here?
>>
>>We have deployments involving large numbers of replicas
>>where maintain policy state information on a context
>>wide basis would be prohibitively expensive.
>>    
>>
>
>There's definitely the potential here for Bind requests on a single server to
>tie up resources on all cooperating servers as the policy attributes get
>replicated around. In a single-master case it would make more sense for the
>read-only replicas to chain the Binds to the master rather than process them
>locally, and keep the policy attributes only on the master.
>  
>
I agree that it may be very resource consuming, but it mainly depend on 
the rate of authentication request.
However, I think that this is a deployement choice.  We don't want to 
mandate the failure attempts to be replication, but we don't want to 
prevent it either.
The Sun Directory Server password policy currently uses single valued 
integer for the failure count and we are seeing major issues in some 
deployements, and numerous customers requesting a single lockout counter 
(although this is beyond dictionary attack protection).

>  
>
>>It seems to me that it would be better to define any state
>>information to be DSA-specific, but with a comment saying
>>that DSAs may agree to share state information but that
>>the how to that sharing could be performed is beyond the
>>scope of this document.
>>    
>>
>
>As a sanity check it would be good to have a "Replication/Distribution
>Considerations" section (somewhat like the current section 9) that was
>Informative (not normative) highlighting some of the pros and cons of various
>approaches. It always bugs me to see a document punt with "there are problems
>here" without listing the problems...
>  
>

I agree. Will think of how to change section 9.

Ludovic

>  -- Howard Chu
>  Chief Architect, Symas Corp.       Director, Highland Sun
>  http://www.symas.com               http://highlandsun.com/hyc
>  Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support
>
>  
>

-- 
Ludovic Poitou
Directory Architect.
Directory Server Group, Grenoble, France
Sun Microsystems Inc.

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We ran into a similar problem when implementing X.500 replication 
protocols. Our solution was to increase the resolution of the timestamps 
we generate to millisecond resolution. This solved immediate problems 
and, as machines speed up, we can increase the resolution as required. I 
am not aware of any limit on the resolution of fractional seconds which 
can be represented in the GeneralizedTime representation.

The pwdFailureTime can be used to identify how many failed logins 
occurred in a particular period of time, replacing it with a counter 
will be an insufficient alternative.

- Mark.

Howard Chu wrote:
>>-----Original Message-----
>>
>>>Section 4.3.3, 6.1.1
>>>A 0 value for generalizedTime is mentioned. This is
>>>impossible as 0 is not a valid value.
>>>We use 0000010100Z.
> 
> 
>>Nice catch. We use 000001010000Z which is another
>>representation of the same value.
>>I'll change the wording to specific the generalizedTime 1st
>>of Jan 0000, 00h00mn and give a representation of the value.
> 
> 
> While testing our implementation for OpenLDAP I tripped over a minor
> problem - if multiple Bind requests for a user are made in rapid succession,
> there may not be fine enough resolution in the timestamps to distinguish each
> attempt. So, the pwdFailureTime (for failures) or pwdGraceUseTime (for
> expired password) attributes will not have an accurate count because the
> server refuses to store duplicate values in an attribute.
> 
> It seems that, audit aspects aside, these attributes would be more useful as
> single-valued integer counters instead of a list of timestamps.
> 
>   -- Howard Chu
>   Chief Architect, Symas Corp.       Director, Highland Sun
>   http://www.symas.com               http://highlandsun.com/hyc
>   Symas: Premier OpenSource Development and Support
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> Ldapext@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Re: draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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I'd discourage the use of change sequence numbers as they add extraneous 
information, specifically replicaID and changeCount, which is not 
relevant to the problem being addressed.

- Mark.

Jim Sermersheim wrote:

> True. For replication purposes, we picked timestamp over integer counters.
>  
> I suggest we use change sequence numbers 
> (http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-sermersheim-ldap-csn-00.txt) instead 
> of timestamps for these.
>  
> I also noticed that the quoted change below was made to Section 6.1 
> (bind), but not Section 6.4 (compare), I hope to consolidate these 
> nearly identical sections soon.
>  
> Jim
> 


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To: <mark.ennis@adacel.com>
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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Re: draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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This is a MIME message. If you are reading this text, you may want to 
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While your earlier suggestion of using fractions of seconds seems a
better fit for single-master systems, CSNs are really the only way that
I know of to guarantee non-duplication of incrementing values in a
multi-master system. In these systems, the replicaID is significant. If
we wish to ignore multi-master systems, then an integer counter works
fine.
 
As a side note, I believe that in most (or all) systems, either the CSN
timeCount or changeCount is extraneous. They were both needed to appease
two different schools of thought on the ordering of the values.


>>> Mark Ennis <mark.ennis@adacel.com> 3/16/04 5:07:46 PM >>>
I'd discourage the use of change sequence numbers as they add
extraneous 
information, specifically replicaID and changeCount, which is not 
relevant to the problem being addressed.

- Mark.

Jim Sermersheim wrote:

> True. For replication purposes, we picked timestamp over integer
counters.
> 
> I suggest we use change sequence numbers 
>
(http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-sermersheim-ldap-csn-00.txt)
instead 
> of timestamps for these.
> 
> I also noticed that the quoted change below was made to Section 6.1 
> (bind), but not Section 6.4 (compare), I hope to consolidate these 
> nearly identical sections soon.
> 
> Jim
> 



--=__Part4968538D.2__=
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1"=
>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1400" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY style=3D"MARGIN: 4px 4px 1px; FONT: 10pt Microsoft Sans Serif">
<DIV>While your earlier suggestion of using fractions of seconds seems a =
better fit for single-master systems, CSNs are really the only way that I =
know of to guarantee non-duplication of incrementing values in a multi-mast=
er system. In these systems, the replicaID is significant. If we wish to =
ignore multi-master systems, then an integer counter works fine.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>As a side note, I believe that in most (or all) systems, either the =
CSN timeCount or changeCount is extraneous. They were both needed to =
appease two different schools of thought on the ordering of the values.</DI=
V>
<DIV><BR><BR>&gt;&gt;&gt; Mark Ennis &lt;mark.ennis@adacel.com&gt; 3/16/04 =
5:07:46 PM &gt;&gt;&gt;<BR>I'd discourage the use of change sequence =
numbers as they add extraneous <BR>information, specifically replicaID and =
changeCount, which is not <BR>relevant to the problem being addressed.<BR><=
BR>- Mark.<BR><BR>Jim Sermersheim wrote:<BR><BR>&gt; True. For replication =
purposes, we picked timestamp over integer counters.<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; I =
suggest we use change sequence numbers <BR>&gt; (http://www.ietf.org/intern=
et-drafts/draft-sermersheim-ldap-csn-00.txt) instead <BR>&gt; of timestamps=
 for these.<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; I also noticed that the quoted change below =
was made to Section 6.1 <BR>&gt; (bind), but not Section 6.4 (compare), I =
hope to consolidate these <BR>&gt; nearly identical sections soon.<BR>&gt; =
<BR>&gt; Jim<BR>&gt; <BR><BR></DIV></BODY></HTML>

--=__Part4968538D.2__=--

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Jim Sermersheim wrote:

> While your earlier suggestion of using fractions of seconds seems a 
> better fit for single-master systems, CSNs are really the only way that 
> I know of to guarantee non-duplication of incrementing values in a 
> multi-master system. In these systems, the replicaID is significant.

I see your point. It would be useful if the ASN.1 definition of the CSN 
defined the replicaID and possibly both counters as optional (or with 
default values) if they are to be used in an environment designed for 
both replication and stand-alone systems.

> If we wish to ignore multi-master systems, then an integer counter works fine.

An integer counter does not allow determination of how many failures 
have occurred within a specified period of time, which I believe is one 
of the properties of the password policy.

>  
> As a side note, I believe that in most (or all) systems, either the CSN 
> timeCount or changeCount is extraneous. They were both needed to appease 
> two different schools of thought on the ordering of the values.
> 
> 
>  >>> Mark Ennis <mark.ennis@adacel.com> 3/16/04 5:07:46 PM >>>
> I'd discourage the use of change sequence numbers as they add extraneous
> information, specifically replicaID and changeCount, which is not
> relevant to the problem being addressed.
> 
> - Mark.
> 
> Jim Sermersheim wrote:
> 
>  > True. For replication purposes, we picked timestamp over integer 
> counters.
>  >
>  > I suggest we use change sequence numbers
>  > 
> (http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-sermersheim-ldap-csn-00.txt) 
> instead
>  > of timestamps for these.
>  >
>  > I also noticed that the quoted change below was made to Section 6.1
>  > (bind), but not Section 6.4 (compare), I hope to consolidate these
>  > nearly identical sections soon.
>  >
>  > Jim
>  >
> 

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At 07:37 PM 3/16/2004, Mark Ennis wrote:
>I see your point. It would be useful if the ASN.1 definition of the CSN defined the replicaID and possibly both counters as optional (or with default values) if they are to be used in an environment designed for both replication and stand-alone systems.

I suggest defaulting them each (replicaID and both counters) to zero.
I think making them optional would unnecessarily complicate comparison
logic.

Kurt 


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Subject: [ldapext] concerns re: draft-behera-ldap-password-policy-07.txt
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I just finished a quick read of this proposal, and have
a number of concerns.

I think this premise put forth by this document that retry
lockouts mechanism will significantly mitigate against
dictionary attacks is somewhat flawed.  This lockout is
particularly weak in defending dictionary attacks (and
prone to DoS attack) as it is based solely on a per-user
retry count.  Such counters target the user, and not
necessarily the attacker.  An attacker can easily avoid
such a retry (regardless of whether notice is given or not)
and, if notice is given, the notice can clearly benefit the
attacker.  It's my belief that such lockouts are more likely
to be used in mounting a denial of service attack (upon
the user, the directory service (including replication),
upon the support staff/infrastructure) then they will ever
be used to effectively stop/slow dictionary attacks.

I think it better for any authentication failure to result
in a constant message (same code, diag text, etc.) regardless
of the reason for failure.  And, as attackers may be able
to discern the nature of failure by how much time it takes
for the server to respond, to take the same amount of time
(by delaying response for fast failures) in responding to
failed authentication attempts.  Also, inserting delay
in to hinder dictionary attacks could also be useful.
However, I note, inserting any delay implies the server has
to maintain the connections/operations for longer periods
of time, and that, in itself, could open the server to an
DoS attack.

I am also concerned by this I-D use of controls attached
to bind requests and responses.  These controls are only
usable (in a secure fashion) when adequate data security
services are in place.  Aside from this meaning that
implementations supporting these controls MUST be capable
of protecting them with TLS (though deployers can protect
them by other means if they choose), this means that
implementations MUST be capable of using TLS with DIGEST-MD5.
That's problematic requirement as it leads to multiple
security layers.  Aside from being redundant in some cases,
supporting multiple security layers can be quite difficult.

Now the argument I suspect will be voiced is that this
policy mechanism is more intended for use with simple bind's
password mechanism.  But given that DIGEST-MD5 is LDAP's
mandatory-to-implement mechanism, I think it appropriate for
any standard track LDAP password policy mechanism should be
specially designed with it in mind.

I also noticed that the document doesn't distinguish between
the "directory (server) administrator", the "(password)
policy administrator", and the "password administrator".  The
document says that anyone who can administrate passwords is
considered a directory administrator.  While a directory
administrator can generally administrate passwords, it is
follow that everyone who can administrate passwords is a
directory administrator.  (For instance, my manager can reset
my directory password, but he's not the directory administrator.)

And I think the security considerations section needs to be
flushed out more.  For instance, it doesn't discuss that
these controls may expose additional information, some of
which might be useful to an attacker.  Also, it seems an
attacker could have lots of fun adding, deleting, and
modifying these controls.

Kurt 


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