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Subject: Re: [ldapext] LDAP work at IETF...
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On 28/01/2015 14:14, Simo wrote:
> On Tue, 2015-01-27 at 20:50 +0000, Mark R Bannister wrote:
>> On 27/01/2015 15:47, Michael StrÃ¶der wrote:
>>> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>>>> The following internet drafts are intended to replace RFC2307 and RFC2307bis.
>>>> [..]
>>>> draft-bannister-dbis-mapping
>>>> draft-bannister-dbis-netgroup
>>>> draft-bannister-dbis-passwd
>>>> draft-bannister-dbis-hosts
>>>> draft-bannister-dbis-devices
>>>> draft-bannister-dbis-automounter
>>>> draft-bannister-dbis-custom
>>>> [..]
>>>> I would prefer to see RFC2307bis removed from the list to be considered above,
>>>> and replaced by the DBIS drafts.
>>> This probably won't happen because there are so many RFC2307(bis) deployments
>>> out there which cannot easily be migrated.
>> DBIS supports maps defined in legacy RFC2307 or RFC2307bis format, as
>> well as using the new format.  Migration is designed to be extremely
>> easy.  In fact, it took me next to no time at all to start using
>> directory entries defined in RFC2307 format from a DBIS installation, it
>> really is just a matter of defining a few configuration maps that do the
>> class and attribute remappings, and they are mostly standard.  See
>> https://sourceforge.net/p/dbis/wiki/ConfigurationMaps-RFC2307/
>>
>>> Also I have my own schema built on top of RFC2307bis (not published yet) which
>>> differs much from DBIS for very good reasons. I aim to present it at LDAPcon
>>> 2015 in Edinburgh (in case the program comittee agrees). A preview version of
>>> that is already in production for almost a year in a large data center.
>>>
>>> So my suggestion would be to brush up RFC2307bis as much as possible (taking
>>> care of Kurt's IANA comments) so that you can base DBIS on that, as I will
>>> base my system on top of that.
>>>
>>> How does that sound to you?
>>>
>>> Ciao, Michael.
>>>
>> DBIS is not a superset nor a child schema that inherits from RFC2307bis,
>> nor is it built on top of RFC2307bis - it is a complete replacement and
>> was designed as such.  RFC2307 and RFC2307bis can be completely retired
>> and DBIS put in their place and there would be no omissions.  It's an
>> evolution that began life by taking RFC2307bis and splitting it into
>> logic units (separate internet drafts) that make for a less unwieldy
>> document and make it easier for others to extend.  Then I standardised
>> the client-side configuration, fixed some of the NIS incompatibilities
>> that had been inherited from RFC2307, added a few much needed enterprise
>> features, and that's it: a modern, modular, extensible, enterprise-ready
>> RFC2307bis under another name ("2307bis" wasn't a very friendly name,
>> after all, and I wasn't going to call my improvements "2307ter", but
>> they could have been called that, because realistically that's what they
>> are).
>>
>>> So my suggestion would be to brush up RFC2307bis as much as possible (taking
>>> care of Kurt's IANA comments) so that you can base DBIS on that, as I will
>>> base my system on top of that.
>>>
>>> How does that sound to you?
>>>
>>> Ciao, Michael.
>>>
>> I don't see a reason to try to improve RFC2307bis, I think that would be
>> a backwards step.  The improvements needed to RFC2307bis have already
>> been made, I've done the work myself and named it "DBIS" because I
>> couldn't wait for everyone else to catch-up, and I needed it last year
>> :-)  I think if people started looking deeper into the DBIS internet
>> drafts, making suggestions for improvement etc. we'd get to a much
>> better end point than if you have people pore over RFC2307bis again.
> It hurts me to curb enthusiasm, but I think your drafts are not a step
> forward, at most a step sideways, and ignore what's out there right now.

Given that they were written to fix specific deficiencies in RFC2307bis 
that were causing
pain in a number of very large enterprises I have worked for, I don't 
see how they
could be considered a step sideways.

When you say my drafts ignore what's out there right now, what are they 
ignoring?  I
don't quite understand that point.  I'm very open to make changes that 
would make
the drafts more useful in other organisations too, but I cannot make 
improvements
when faced with generic statements that have no detail behind them.

> The software out there and now expect either RFC2307 or at most
> RFC2307bis (and then really they just test against Active Directory's
> schema and things happen to mostly work). Any other schema would just
> fail to be useful for a generic LDAP server.
>
> Simo.
>
To what software do you refer specifically?  NSS is a big subscriber, 
and I've addressed
that one.  Then there is the automounter, and sudo, and really only a 
handful of
others all of which can be fixed to use a more modern schema.

I'm not going to spend 18 months developing DBIS to be turned away 
because software
doesn't support it.  Of course software doesn't support it - yet - it's new!

Best regards,
Mark.


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On 28/01/2015 17:51, Michael StrÃ¶der wrote:
> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>> On 27/01/2015 22:14, Michael StrÃ¶der wrote:
>>>> I think if people
>>>> started looking deeper into the DBIS internet drafts,
>>> I've looked into your drafts. But it differs very much from what I'm after. We
>>> had this discussion before: IMO netgroups must die, die, die...
>> This contradicts your earlier assertion that clients are hard-coded.  In the
>> same vein, clients are hard-coded to use netgroups, ergo netgroups cannot
>> "die, die, die".
> No contradiction, since IMO one can easily avoid using netgroups completely.

And use what instead?  When one needs to group together users and hosts 
in logical units,
what other pervasive choices are there?

> With my approach the ACLs on the LDAP server sort out what clients can
> actually see. Therefore you get the flexible access control without the client
> having to enforce e.g. login access control locally based on netgroups.

Ah, I see, so you're talking specifically of access control.  Yes, if 
all netgroups are there to do
is access control, then you can offload that as ACLs on the LDAP 
server.  But what about the
netgroups that are there to define application roles?

>
>> Rather than attempting to kill off something that is used extensively, and has
>> actually proved to be very useful in large UNIX/Linux estates (if a bit
>> clunky), I've embraced them, rationalised them, defined them in a neater and
>> queryable format, and complemented them with netservices.
> I'd avoid them and convert access control rules based on netgroups into
> another schema and let the LDAP server's ACL work through the data.

Agreed, great for access control.  But I don't see how that will work 
for the other netgroup
use-cases.

>> Apart from netgroups, which you are not a fan of, how else does DBIS differ
>> from what you're after?
> My main objective is that not the client system evaluates all the stuff. The
> client system should not see data not usable on the system. The client system
> acts as a dumb RFC2307(bis) and sudo-ldap client. Of course the client system
> still enforces file access permissions etc. locally.
>

I agree with you on that point.  Perhaps I could take a similar approach 
with DBIS.  I'm interested,
today the NSS library on Linux hosts does not have the identity of the 
requester.  It is quite normal
for there to be a service account used in the LDAP bind, or perhaps even 
an anonymous bind.
The LDAP server can then only usefully filter with ACLs data that is 
restricted to specific hosts,
but not to specific users.  So you are only solving half the problem, right?

Best regards,
Mark.


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Subject: [ldapext] RFC2307, netgroups, DBIS (was:  LDAP work at IETF...)
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(Changed the subject.)

Mark R Bannister wrote:
> On 28/01/2015 17:51, Michael StrÃ¶der wrote:
>>> Rather than attempting to kill off something that is used extensively, and has
>>> actually proved to be very useful in large UNIX/Linux estates (if a bit
>>> clunky), I've embraced them, rationalised them, defined them in a neater and
>>> queryable format, and complemented them with netservices.
>> I'd avoid them and convert access control rules based on netgroups into
>> another schema and let the LDAP server's ACL work through the data.
> 
> Agreed, great for access control.  But I don't see how that will work for the
> other netgroup use-cases.

Which particular netgroup use-cases do you see?
One example is sufficient.

>> My main objective is that not the client system evaluates all the stuff. The
>> client system should not see data not usable on the system. The client system
>> acts as a dumb RFC2307(bis) and sudo-ldap client. Of course the client system
>> still enforces file access permissions etc. locally.
> 
> I agree with you on that point.  Perhaps I could take a similar approach
> with DBIS.  I'm interested, today the NSS library on Linux hosts does not
> have the identity of the requester.  It is quite normal for there to be a
> service account used in the LDAP bind, or perhaps even an anonymous bind.

IMO it's ok to use an individual machine identity to request NSS data from the
LDAP server. But if the machine gets rooted the attacker should not see the
rest of the NSS data for other server/service groups. So my threat model is
that the machine is already out of control.

> The LDAP server can then only usefully filter with ACLs data that is 
> restricted to specific hosts, but not to specific users.  So you are only
> solving half the problem, right?

Filtering more based on identity of end user on a machine would IMO violate
POSIX semantics.
What do others think?

Ciao, Michael.


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Mark R Bannister wrote:
> On 28/01/2015 14:14, Simo wrote:
>> It hurts me to curb enthusiasm, but I think your drafts are not a step
>> forward, at most a step sideways, and ignore what's out there right now.
> 
> Given that they were written to fix specific deficiencies in RFC2307bis
> that were causing pain in a number of very large enterprises I have worked
> for, I don't see how they could be considered a step sideways.

Maybe I did not look closely enough. Could you please point me to some text
describing the specific deficiencies you solved in more detail?

> When you say my drafts ignore what's out there right now, what are they
> ignoring?
> [..]
>> The software out there and now expect either RFC2307 or at most
>> RFC2307bis (and then really they just test against Active Directory's
>> schema and things happen to mostly work). Any other schema would just
>> fail to be useful for a generic LDAP server.
>
> To what software do you refer specifically?

I think like me Simo also meant the client side.

> NSS is a big subscriber, and I've addressed that one.  Then there is the
> automounter, and sudo, and really only a handful of others all of which can
> be fixed to use a more modern schema.
> 
> I'm not going to spend 18 months developing DBIS to be turned away because
> software
> doesn't support it.  Of course software doesn't support it - yet - it's new!

But the question is whether there's a solution which is compatible to existing
client-side software. I know you're working on PAM/NSS clients but the
question is whether you can install that on legacy Unices or strange applicances.

My approach is to lower the configuration level the client has to support by
filtering what's delivered to the client at the LDAP server.

Ciao, Michael.


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Subject: Re: [ldapext] RFC2307, netgroups, DBIS
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On 02/02/2015 10:20, michael-catchall@mail.stroeder.local (POP3) wrote:
> (Changed the subject.)
>
> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>> On 28/01/2015 17:51, Michael StrÃ¶der wrote:
>>>> Rather than attempting to kill off something that is used extensively, and has
>>>> actually proved to be very useful in large UNIX/Linux estates (if a bit
>>>> clunky), I've embraced them, rationalised them, defined them in a neater and
>>>> queryable format, and complemented them with netservices.
>>> I'd avoid them and convert access control rules based on netgroups into
>>> another schema and let the LDAP server's ACL work through the data.
>> Agreed, great for access control.  But I don't see how that will work for the
>> other netgroup use-cases.
> Which particular netgroup use-cases do you see?
> One example is sufficient.

Generically, application roles.  A specific example: sudo, where sudo 
rules are enabled for users based on netgroup membership.  The LDAP 
server does not know the user requesting sudo access, only the client 
system knows that, so server-side ACLs are not going to help.

I do need to give a second example, because the first is specific to 
users.  Here is one specific to hosts: NFS, where an NFS server might 
grant read-only access to every host on the network except for those 
that are members of a specific netgroup, which get read-write access.  
The NFS server needs to know when a client request comes in whether this 
host is a member of the netgroup that grants read-write access or not, 
and this cannot be implemented by server-side ACLs, because only the NFS 
server knows the identity of the client requesting access to the fileshare.

>
>>> My main objective is that not the client system evaluates all the stuff. The
>>> client system should not see data not usable on the system. The client system
>>> acts as a dumb RFC2307(bis) and sudo-ldap client. Of course the client system
>>> still enforces file access permissions etc. locally.
>> I agree with you on that point.  Perhaps I could take a similar approach
>> with DBIS.  I'm interested, today the NSS library on Linux hosts does not
>> have the identity of the requester.  It is quite normal for there to be a
>> service account used in the LDAP bind, or perhaps even an anonymous bind.
> IMO it's ok to use an individual machine identity to request NSS data from the
> LDAP server. But if the machine gets rooted the attacker should not see the
> rest of the NSS data for other server/service groups. So my threat model is
> that the machine is already out of control.

In the deployments I see, typically every user can login to every host, 
and any application could run anywhere, therefore any compromised 
machine will of course yield all NSS data.  However, the NSS data isn't 
particularly sensitive anyway, and quite often the LDAP directories are 
open for anyone with a network device to query over port 389 anyway, so 
I haven't worked in an organisation yet where applying server-side ACLs 
to NSS maps would actually be of any practical use.

What was the use-case you saw for it?

>
>> The LDAP server can then only usefully filter with ACLs data that is
>> restricted to specific hosts, but not to specific users.  So you are only
>> solving half the problem, right?
> Filtering more based on identity of end user on a machine would IMO violate
> POSIX semantics.
> What do others think?
>
> Ciao, Michael.
>
>
I wasn't suggesting that different users get different filtered views of 
the NSS maps.  They're open for all to see.  They should, however, 
continue to be used to determine application rights and roles on a 
client, as they do today, which server-side ACLs cannot replace.

Best regards,
Mark.


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Subject: Re: [ldapext] RFC2307, netgroups, DBIS
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On 02/02/2015 10:29, michael-catchall@mail.stroeder.local (POP3) wrote:
> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>> On 28/01/2015 14:14, Simo wrote:
>>> It hurts me to curb enthusiasm, but I think your drafts are not a step
>>> forward, at most a step sideways, and ignore what's out there right now.
>> Given that they were written to fix specific deficiencies in RFC2307bis
>> that were causing pain in a number of very large enterprises I have worked
>> for, I don't see how they could be considered a step sideways.
> Maybe I did not look closely enough. Could you please point me to some text
> describing the specific deficiencies you solved in more detail?

Have at look at the abstract on page 2 of 
http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-bannister-dbis-mapping-06.txt.  One of the 
first biggest requirements was reintroducing case sensitivity in a way 
that would be fully compatible with NIS, see the description of the en 
(4.2) and rn (4.3) attributes in particular.  Also, another requirement 
was to fix the schema so that duplicate alias names could be easily 
detected and prevented (1.2).

>
>> When you say my drafts ignore what's out there right now, what are they
>> ignoring?
>> [..]
>>> The software out there and now expect either RFC2307 or at most
>>> RFC2307bis (and then really they just test against Active Directory's
>>> schema and things happen to mostly work). Any other schema would just
>>> fail to be useful for a generic LDAP server.
>> To what software do you refer specifically?
> I think like me Simo also meant the client side.

Ok, well I'm working on fixing that already.

>
>> NSS is a big subscriber, and I've addressed that one.  Then there is the
>> automounter, and sudo, and really only a handful of others all of which can
>> be fixed to use a more modern schema.
>>
>> I'm not going to spend 18 months developing DBIS to be turned away because
>> software
>> doesn't support it.  Of course software doesn't support it - yet - it's new!
> But the question is whether there's a solution which is compatible to existing
> client-side software. I know you're working on PAM/NSS clients but the
> question is whether you can install that on legacy Unices or strange applicances.

Legacy unices ... depends how old we're talking.  I currently have 
something that works on RHEL4.8 and newer, and the large organisations I 
have spent most of my time with over the past 5 years are at a point 
where RHEL4.8 is their oldest legacy now.

Strange appliances - not unless I can get the vendor to add support for 
DBIS.  However, even the appliances I've worked with support local class 
& attribute remapping rules, so could be tuned to fit DBIS, or vice 
versa with the DBIS configuration maps 
(http://sourceforge.net/p/dbis/wiki/ConfigurationMaps-RFC2307/).

>
> My approach is to lower the configuration level the client has to support by
> filtering what's delivered to the client at the LDAP server.
>
> Ciao, Michael.
>
>

By filtering, you mean just removing entries from maps?  But you still 
have an old schema to support that wasn't fully NIS compatible to begin 
with ...

Mark.


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Subject: Re: [ldapext] RFC2307, netgroups, DBIS
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Mark R Bannister wrote:
> michael@stroeder.com wrote:
>> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>>> Agreed, great for access control.  But I don't see how that will work=
 for the
>>> other netgroup use-cases.
>> Which particular netgroup use-cases do you see?
>> One example is sufficient.
>=20
> Generically, application roles.  A specific example: sudo, where sudo r=
ules
> are enabled for users based on netgroup membership.  The LDAP server do=
es not
> know the user requesting sudo access, only the client system knows that=
, so
> server-side ACLs are not going to help.

The server only sees 'sudoRole' entries assigned as visible for its parti=
cular
server/host/service group(s). Which particular command a user can execute=
 is
indeed subject to fine-grained control by sudo on the client (based on
attribute 'sudoUser' which with my approach is restricted to only referen=
cing
user groups).

Similar file system permissions/ACLs are evaluated locally, but based on =
the
limited subset of visible user groups.

> I do need to give a second example, because the first is specific to us=
ers.=20
> Here is one specific to hosts: NFS, where an NFS server might grant rea=
d-only
> access to every host on the network except for those that are members o=
f a
> specific netgroup, which get read-write access.  The NFS server needs t=
o know
> when a client request comes in whether this host is a member of the net=
group
> that grants read-write access or not, and this cannot be implemented by=

> server-side ACLs, because only the NFS server knows the identity of the=
 client
> requesting access to the fileshare.

In my model such a NFS client host would be also simply an authenticated
(system) user and member of user groups. The NFS server only sees user gr=
oups
assigned as visible for its particular server/host/service group. And
furthermore it only sees the members of those user groups (NFS clients in=
 this
example).

Yes, of course: No IP-based authentication!

> In the deployments I see, typically every user can login to every host,=
 and
> any application could run anywhere, therefore any compromised machine w=
ill of
> course yield all NSS data.

Yes. But not with my approach.

> However, the NSS data isn't particularly sensitive anyway,

I disagree.

> and quite often the LDAP directories are open for anyone with a network=
=20
> device to query over port 389 anyway,

Yes in general, but not with my approach. ;-}

> so I haven't worked in an organisation yet where applying server-side A=
CLs
> to NSS maps would actually be of any practical use.

Well, this system is in production use.  :-)

> What was the use-case you saw for it?

Role separation with separate credentials (especially passwords for sudo
access), and paranoid protection of information I consider sensitive beca=
use
it could be used to plan next steps (e.g. social engineering).

And furthermore you can keep the client configuration and map evaluation =
very
simple because the visibility of users and user groups is constrained by
access control based on server/host/service group membership of the NSS c=
lient.

Ciao, Michael.


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Subject: Re: [ldapext] RFC2307, netgroups, DBIS
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Mark R Bannister wrote:
> michael@stroeder.com wrote:
>> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>>> On 28/01/2015 14:14, Simo wrote:
>>>> It hurts me to curb enthusiasm, but I think your drafts are not a st=
ep
>>>> forward, at most a step sideways, and ignore what's out there right =
now.
>>> Given that they were written to fix specific deficiencies in RFC2307b=
is
>>> that were causing pain in a number of very large enterprises I have w=
orked
>>> for, I don't see how they could be considered a step sideways.
>> Maybe I did not look closely enough. Could you please point me to some=
 text
>> describing the specific deficiencies you solved in more detail?
>=20
> Have at look at the abstract on page 2 of
> http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-bannister-dbis-mapping-06.txt.  One of the=
 first
> biggest requirements was reintroducing case sensitivity in a way that w=
ould be
> fully compatible with NIS, see the description of the en (4.2) and rn (=
4.3)
> attributes in particular.

Yes, case-sensitive matching is an issue and I already saw that text in y=
our
drafts. I've simply added additional local constraints to the config limi=
ting
e.g. attribute 'uid' to lower-case values. So it was not that important t=
o me.

> Also, another requirement was to fix the schema so
> that duplicate alias names could be easily detected and prevented (1.2)=
=2E

Are you talking about this text?

https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-bannister-dbis-mapping-00#section-1.2

Frankly I don't get it (besides the SHALL for LDAP client configuration).=


> Legacy unices ... depends how old we're talking.  I currently have some=
thing
> that works on RHEL4.8 and newer, and the large organisations I have spe=
nt most
> of my time with over the past 5 years are at a point where RHEL4.8 is t=
heir
> oldest legacy now.

That's pretty old right now.

> Strange appliances - not unless I can get the vendor to add support for=
 DBIS.

And that is exactly the point.

> However, even the appliances I've worked with support local class & att=
ribute
> remapping rules,=20

Unfortunately there are counter examples where you cannot configure local=

class & attribute remapping rules.

>> My approach is to lower the configuration level the client has to supp=
ort by
>> filtering what's delivered to the client at the LDAP server.
>=20
> By filtering, you mean just removing entries from maps?

Yes, making users, user groups and sudoers entries invisible if the clien=
t is
not authorized to see them.

> But you still have an old schema to support

What the client sees is fully compatible to RFC2307(bis) and sudo-ldap sc=
hema.

> that wasn't fully NIS compatible to begin with ...

I don't care about full NIS feature set. I've replaced it with something
different. ;-)

Ciao, Michael.


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From: =?UTF-8?Q?Cl=C3=A9ment_OUDOT?= <clem.oudot@gmail.com>
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Cc: LDAP Extensions list <ldapext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [ldapext] LDAP work at IETF...
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2015-01-25 23:06 GMT+01:00 Michael Str=C3=B6der <michael@stroeder.com>:
> Cl=C3=A9ment OUDOT wrote:
>> 2015-01-25 22:03 GMT+01:00 Michael Str=C3=B6der <michael@stroeder.com>:
>>> Gavin Henry wrote:
>>>>> I would also like to hear about volunteers to work on those documents=
, either contributing text or reviewing them carefully.
>>>>
>>>> I would like to help where I can.
>>>
>>> Glad to here that. Do you have any particular interest.
>>>
>>> Everybody can start reviewing existing stuff.  Which could also mean th=
at you
>>> simply ask questions if something is not clear enough.
>>>
>>> For inetOrgPerson 2.0 it would help if we collect a wish list and then =
compile
>>> a realistic requirement list from that.
>>
>> I am also volunteer to help, especially on the password policy draft.
>
> Would you be willing to act as an editor?
>
> If yes, then simply start a new e-mail thread.
>
> A good start would be to agree on a goal.
>
> IMHO we should try to mainly document current state of implementations of
> draft-behera-ldap-password-policy, but also have a closer look on Appendi=
x A
> of http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-zeilenga-ldap-passwords-00
>
> Digging the list archives could also help here.


Hi,

thanks for the inputs, I will do my best to work on this. I'll try to
start on new thread on the subject.


Cl=C3=A9ment OUDOT.


From nobody Thu Feb  5 01:48:33 2015
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Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2015 10:48:24 +0100
From: Ludovic Poitou <ludovic.poitou@gmail.com>
To: =?utf-8?Q?Michael_Str=C3=B6der?= <michael@stroeder.com>,  =?utf-8?Q?Cl=C3=A9ment_OUDOT?= <clem.oudot@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [ldapext] LDAP work at IETF...
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--54d33c68_66ef438d_8230
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Hi Clement,

There was a general consensus that the current password policy draft need=
s to be split in multiple documents to separate the configuration of it, =
the internal state representation and the management side of it (controls=
 and possible extended operations).

Ludo
--=C2=A0
Ludovic Poitou
http://ludopoitou.com

On 5 =46eb 2015 at 09:51:26, Cl=C3=A9ment OUDOT (clem.oudot=40gmail.com) =
wrote:

2015-01-25 23:06 GMT+01:00 Michael Str=C3=B6der <michael=40stroeder.com>:=

> Cl=C3=A9ment OUDOT wrote:
>> 2015-01-25 22:03 GMT+01:00 Michael Str=C3=B6der <michael=40stroeder.co=
m>:
>>> Gavin Henry wrote:
>>>>> I would also like to hear about volunteers to work on those documen=
ts, either contributing text or reviewing them carefully.
>>>>
>>>> I would like to help where I can.
>>>
>>> Glad to here that. Do you have any particular interest.
>>>
>>> Everybody can start reviewing existing stuff. Which could also mean t=
hat you
>>> simply ask questions if something is not clear enough.
>>>
>>> =46or inetOrgPerson 2.0 it would help if we collect a wish list and t=
hen compile
>>> a realistic requirement list from that.
>>
>> I am also volunteer to help, especially on the password policy draft.
>
> Would you be willing to act as an editor=3F
>
> If yes, then simply start a new e-mail thread.
>
> A good start would be to agree on a goal.
>
> IMHO we should try to mainly document current state of implementations =
of
> draft-behera-ldap-password-policy, but also have a closer look on Appen=
dix A
> of http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-zeilenga-ldap-passwords-00
>
> Digging the list archives could also help here.


Hi,

thanks for the inputs, I will do my best to work on this. I'll try to
start on new thread on the subject.


Cl=C3=A9ment OUDOT.

=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=
=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F
Ldapext mailing list
Ldapext=40ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ldapext

--54d33c68_66ef438d_8230
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<html><head><style>body=7Bfont-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px=7D</=
style></head><body style=3D=22word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: s=
pace; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;=22><div id=3D=22bloop=5Fcust=
omfont=22 style=3D=22font-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px; color: r=
gba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: auto;=22>Hi Clement,</div><div =
id=3D=22bloop=5Fcustomfont=22 style=3D=22font-family:Helvetica,Arial;font=
-size:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: auto;=22><b=
r></div><div id=3D=22bloop=5Fcustomfont=22 style=3D=22font-family:Helveti=
ca,Arial;font-size:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height=
: auto;=22>There was a general consensus that the current password policy=
 draft needs to be split in multiple documents to separate the configurat=
ion of it, the internal state representation and the management side of i=
t (controls and possible extended operations).</div><div id=3D=22bloop=5F=
customfont=22 style=3D=22font-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px; colo=
r: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: auto;=22><br></div><div id=3D=
=22bloop=5Fcustomfont=22 style=3D=22font-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size=
:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: auto;=22>Ludo</d=
iv> <div id=3D=22bloop=5Fsign=5F1423126535932882944=22 class=3D=22bloop=5F=
sign=22><div style=3D=22font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:13px=22>--&=
nbsp;<br>Ludovic Poitou</div><div style=3D=22font-family:helvetica,arial;=
font-size:13px=22>http://ludopoitou.com</div></div> <br><p class=3D=22air=
mail=5Fon=22 style=3D=22color:=23000;=22>On 5 =46eb 2015 at 09:51:26, Cl=C3=
=A9ment OUDOT (<a href=3D=22mailto:clem.oudot=40gmail.com=22>clem.oudot=40=
gmail.com</a>) wrote:</p> <blockquote type=3D=22cite=22 class=3D=22clean=5F=
bq=22><span><div><div></div><div>2015-01-25 23:06 GMT+01:00 Michael Str=C3=
=B6der &lt;michael=40stroeder.com&gt;:<br>&gt; Cl=C3=A9ment OUDOT wrote:<=
br>&gt;&gt; 2015-01-25 22:03 GMT+01:00 Michael Str=C3=B6der &lt;michael=40=
stroeder.com&gt;:<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; Gavin Henry wrote:<br>&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;&=
gt; I would also like to hear about volunteers to work on those documents=
, either contributing text or reviewing them carefully.<br>&gt;&gt;&gt;&g=
t;<br>&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; I would like to help where I can.<br>&gt;&gt;&gt;<=
br>&gt;&gt;&gt; Glad to here that. Do you have any particular interest.<b=
r>&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; Everybody can start reviewing existing stu=
ff.  Which could also mean that you<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; simply ask questions =
if something is not clear enough.<br>&gt;&gt;&gt;<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; =46or i=
netOrgPerson 2.0 it would help if we collect a wish list and then compile=
<br>&gt;&gt;&gt; a realistic requirement list from that.<br>&gt;&gt;<br>&=
gt;&gt; I am also volunteer to help, especially on the password policy dr=
aft.<br>&gt;<br>&gt; Would you be willing to act as an editor=3F<br>&gt;<=
br>&gt; If yes, then simply start a new e-mail thread.<br>&gt;<br>&gt; A =
good start would be to agree on a goal.<br>&gt;<br>&gt; IMHO we should tr=
y to mainly document current state of implementations of<br>&gt; draft-be=
hera-ldap-password-policy, but also have a closer look on Appendix A<br>&=
gt; of http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-zeilenga-ldap-passwords-00<br>&gt=
;<br>&gt; Digging the list archives could also help here.<br><br><br>Hi,<=
br><br>thanks for the inputs, I will do my best to work on this. I'll try=
 to<br>start on new thread on the subject.<br><br><br>Cl=C3=A9ment OUDOT.=
<br><br>=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=
=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=
<br>Ldapext mailing list<br>Ldapext=40ietf.org<br>https://www.ietf.org/ma=
ilman/listinfo/ldapext<br></div></div></span></blockquote></body></html>
--54d33c68_66ef438d_8230--


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Date: Wed, 11 Feb 2015 10:58:31 +0100
From: =?UTF-8?Q?Michael_Str=c3=b6der?= <michael@stroeder.com>
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Subject: [ldapext] Schema for posixGroup successor (RFC 2307 bis)
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HI!

Since Kurt expressed to follow very strict guide lines forbidding alterin=
g
existing NAMEs and OIDs of schema descriptions especially in RFC 2307 the=

question is how to define a new object class for POSIX groups in RFC 2307=
bis

To preserve backwards compability I'd like to propose the following:

( <OID TBD>
  NAME 'posixGroup2'
  DESC '<TBD>'
  SUP ( groupOfEntries $ posixGroup )
  STRUCTURAL )

With this definition..

1. posixGroup2 would have 'member' and 'memberUID' both as optional attri=
butes,

2. the object class still can be found with (objectClass=3DposixGroup) an=
d

3. the object class is STRUCTURAL and therefore one can assign a specific=
 DIT
content rule to it allowing to preclude either 'member' or 'memberUID' wi=
th
NOT to meet local system requirements.

4. there's no conflict on LDAP servers with the old RFC 2307 schema alrea=
dy added.

What do others think about this approach?

Ciao, Michael.


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From: =?UTF-8?Q?Michael_Str=c3=b6der?= <michael@stroeder.com>
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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Schema for posixGroup successor (RFC 2307 bis)
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Simo wrote:
> On Wed, 2015-02-11 at 10:58 +0100, Michael Str=C3=B6der wrote:
>> Since Kurt expressed to follow very strict guide lines forbidding alte=
ring
>> existing NAMEs and OIDs of schema descriptions especially in RFC 2307 =
the
>> question is how to define a new object class for POSIX groups in RFC 2=
307bis
>>
>> To preserve backwards compability I'd like to propose the following:
>>
>> ( <OID TBD>
>>   NAME 'posixGroup2'
>>   DESC '<TBD>'
>>   SUP ( groupOfEntries $ posixGroup )
>>   STRUCTURAL )
>>
>> With this definition..
>>
>> 1. posixGroup2 would have 'member' and 'memberUID' both as optional at=
tributes,
>>
>> 2. the object class still can be found with (objectClass=3DposixGroup)=
 and
>>
>> 3. the object class is STRUCTURAL and therefore one can assign a speci=
fic DIT
>> content rule to it allowing to preclude either 'member' or 'memberUID'=
 with
>> NOT to meet local system requirements.
>>
>> 4. there's no conflict on LDAP servers with the old RFC 2307 schema al=
ready added.
>>
>> What do others think about this approach?
>=20
> I'd call it posixGroupBis, but otherwise sounds like a good idea.

I have no strong opinion on the NAME.

> Does it have to be structural though ?

I expected this question. ;-)

Yes, it has to be STRUCTURAL and I already gave one rational with 3.  Not=
e
that DIT content rules, which are very helpful for defining local profile=
s of
standard object classes, can only be assigned to STRUCTURAL object classe=
s.
Also DIT structure rules and name forms only work with this kind of objec=
t
class.  And yes, I'm using all these schema elements. ;-)

> If it were an auxiliary I might be able to add it to a groupOfEntries
> object to turn it into a posix group at a later time, that would be
> nice.

Yes, I know. But please take note of Kurt's recent statements about IANA
considerations for NAME 'posixGroup' etc.
=3D> when using NAME posixGroup anywhere the object class must be STRUCTU=
RAL

Ciao, Michael.



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From nobody Wed Feb 11 03:29:36 2015
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From: Simo Sorce <idra@samba.org>
To: Michael =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Str=F6der?= <michael@stroeder.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Feb 2015 06:29:30 -0500
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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Schema for posixGroup successor (RFC 2307 bis)
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On Wed, 2015-02-11 at 12:24 +0100, Michael StrÃ¶der wrote:
> Simo wrote:
> > On Wed, 2015-02-11 at 10:58 +0100, Michael StrÃ¶der wrote:
> >> Since Kurt expressed to follow very strict guide lines forbidding altering
> >> existing NAMEs and OIDs of schema descriptions especially in RFC 2307 the
> >> question is how to define a new object class for POSIX groups in RFC 2307bis
> >>
> >> To preserve backwards compability I'd like to propose the following:
> >>
> >> ( <OID TBD>
> >>   NAME 'posixGroup2'
> >>   DESC '<TBD>'
> >>   SUP ( groupOfEntries $ posixGroup )
> >>   STRUCTURAL )
> >>
> >> With this definition..
> >>
> >> 1. posixGroup2 would have 'member' and 'memberUID' both as optional attributes,
> >>
> >> 2. the object class still can be found with (objectClass=posixGroup) and
> >>
> >> 3. the object class is STRUCTURAL and therefore one can assign a specific DIT
> >> content rule to it allowing to preclude either 'member' or 'memberUID' with
> >> NOT to meet local system requirements.
> >>
> >> 4. there's no conflict on LDAP servers with the old RFC 2307 schema already added.
> >>
> >> What do others think about this approach?
> > 
> > I'd call it posixGroupBis, but otherwise sounds like a good idea.
> 
> I have no strong opinion on the NAME.
> 
> > Does it have to be structural though ?
> 
> I expected this question. ;-)
> 
> Yes, it has to be STRUCTURAL and I already gave one rational with 3.  Note
> that DIT content rules, which are very helpful for defining local profiles of
> standard object classes, can only be assigned to STRUCTURAL object classes.
> Also DIT structure rules and name forms only work with this kind of object
> class.  And yes, I'm using all these schema elements. ;-)
> 
> > If it were an auxiliary I might be able to add it to a groupOfEntries
> > object to turn it into a posix group at a later time, that would be
> > nice.
> 
> Yes, I know. But please take note of Kurt's recent statements about IANA
> considerations for NAME 'posixGroup' etc.
> => when using NAME posixGroup anywhere the object class must be STRUCTURAL

Understood, all makes sense.

Simo.


From nobody Wed Feb 11 03:56:57 2015
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Subject: Re: [ldapext] RFC2307, netgroups, DBIS
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On 04/02/2015 23:06, Michael StrÃ¶der wrote:
> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>> michael@stroeder.com wrote:
>>> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>>>> Agreed, great for access control.  But I don't see how that will work for the
>>>> other netgroup use-cases.
>>> Which particular netgroup use-cases do you see?
>>> One example is sufficient.
>> Generically, application roles.  A specific example: sudo, where sudo rules
>> are enabled for users based on netgroup membership.  The LDAP server does not
>> know the user requesting sudo access, only the client system knows that, so
>> server-side ACLs are not going to help.
> The server only sees 'sudoRole' entries assigned as visible for its particular
> server/host/service group(s). Which particular command a user can execute is
> indeed subject to fine-grained control by sudo on the client (based on
> attribute 'sudoUser' which with my approach is restricted to only referencing
> user groups).

So you've come up with a point solution for 'sudo' that would replace 
the need for sudo to use
netgroups, because you don't like netgroups.  Great for sudo, perhaps, 
but netgroups are of
generic use to multiple applications, whereas 'sudoRole' and 'sudoUser' 
are specific to sudo
only.  I don't think it's a great idea to replace a solution of generic 
applicability with one that
addresses the need of one specific use-case only.

>> I do need to give a second example, because the first is specific to users.
>> Here is one specific to hosts: NFS, where an NFS server might grant read-only
>> access to every host on the network except for those that are members of a
>> specific netgroup, which get read-write access.  The NFS server needs to know
>> when a client request comes in whether this host is a member of the netgroup
>> that grants read-write access or not, and this cannot be implemented by
>> server-side ACLs, because only the NFS server knows the identity of the client
>> requesting access to the fileshare.
> In my model such a NFS client host would be also simply an authenticated
> (system) user and member of user groups. The NFS server only sees user groups
> assigned as visible for its particular server/host/service group. And
> furthermore it only sees the members of those user groups (NFS clients in this
> example).

I'm not the world's biggest fan of "service accounts", as users should 
be users in my mind, not
systems, but they're prevalent everywhere and I'm not going to solve 
that one.  However,
replacing another example of where netgroups fit nicely with one that 
requires every NFS client
to have its own authenticated user account is not practical in an 
enterprise environment with
80,000 user accounts already and 60,000 hosts.

NFSv4 has already solved the NFS authentication problem, and that 
requires nothing more
than the user who attempts to access the files having a valid Kerberos 
ticket.

>
>> In the deployments I see, typically every user can login to every host, and
>> any application could run anywhere, therefore any compromised machine will of
>> course yield all NSS data.
> Yes. But not with my approach.

Why not?  If everyone can login everywhere, your approach solves 
nothing?  It just adds an extra
layer of complexity and an extra hurdle to those attempting to 
troubleshoot issues.

>
>> However, the NSS data isn't particularly sensitive anyway,
> I disagree.

If everyone can login everywhere, what NSS data is sensitive?

>
>> and quite often the LDAP directories are open for anyone with a network
>> device to query over port 389 anyway,
> Yes in general, but not with my approach. ;-}

Yes but I'm trying to see how your approach can be made applicable for 
all, I don't see how it
could be put out for general use, and therefore I don't see how it can 
be compared with DBIS
or RFC2307, both of which are designed for wide adoption.

>
>> so I haven't worked in an organisation yet where applying server-side ACLs
>> to NSS maps would actually be of any practical use.
> Well, this system is in production use.  :-)

So is a lot of software, good and bad.

>
>> What was the use-case you saw for it?
> Role separation with separate credentials (especially passwords for sudo
> access), and paranoid protection of information I consider sensitive because
> it could be used to plan next steps (e.g. social engineering).

So what if I login one of your hosts and type 'getent passwd'.  What 
will I see?  Enough data
to do some social engineering?

> And furthermore you can keep the client configuration and map evaluation very
> simple because the visibility of users and user groups is constrained by
> access control based on server/host/service group membership of the NSS client.

At the cost of added complexity, a false sense of security unless you 
are very careful how
you design who can login to which hosts, and at best you've just shifted 
the target point
for hackers to the LDAP servers instead.

Best regards,
Mark.


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Subject: Re: [ldapext] RFC2307, netgroups, DBIS
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On 04/02/2015 23:18, Michael Ströder wrote:
> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>> michael@stroeder.com wrote:
>>> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>>>> On 28/01/2015 14:14, Simo wrote:
>>>>> It hurts me to curb enthusiasm, but I think your drafts are not a step
>>>>> forward, at most a step sideways, and ignore what's out there right now.
>>>> Given that they were written to fix specific deficiencies in RFC2307bis
>>>> that were causing pain in a number of very large enterprises I have worked
>>>> for, I don't see how they could be considered a step sideways.
>>> Maybe I did not look closely enough. Could you please point me to some text
>>> describing the specific deficiencies you solved in more detail?
>> Have at look at the abstract on page 2 of
>> http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-bannister-dbis-mapping-06.txt.  One of the first
>> biggest requirements was reintroducing case sensitivity in a way that would be
>> fully compatible with NIS, see the description of the en (4.2) and rn (4.3)
>> attributes in particular.
> Yes, case-sensitive matching is an issue and I already saw that text in your
> drafts. I've simply added additional local constraints to the config limiting
> e.g. attribute 'uid' to lower-case values. So it was not that important to me.

"Not that important to me" suggests, once again, that you are coming up 
with a point solution,
and not a solution that could be widely adopted.  I have designed a 
replacement for an RFC
that can be very widely adopted.  Your approach to the 'uid' attribute 
precludes any other
use of this attribute within the same directory server by other 
applications and is not
standards-compliant.

>
>> Also, another requirement was to fix the schema so
>> that duplicate alias names could be easily detected and prevented (1.2).
> Are you talking about this text?
>
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-bannister-dbis-mapping-00#section-1.2
>
> Frankly I don't get it (besides the SHALL for LDAP client configuration).

As in http://sourceforge.net/p/dbis/wiki/Aliases.

>
>> Legacy unices ... depends how old we're talking.  I currently have something
>> that works on RHEL4.8 and newer, and the large organisations I have spent most
>> of my time with over the past 5 years are at a point where RHEL4.8 is their
>> oldest legacy now.
> That's pretty old right now.

Indeed it is, and DBIS will run on them.  So I am supporting legacy unices.

>
>> Strange appliances - not unless I can get the vendor to add support for DBIS.
> And that is exactly the point.

That is no different with any new technology.  As uptake spreads, and 
customer demands increase, vendors
add support for the new stuff.  As DBIS works with the old 
RFC2307/RFC2307bis schema as well, customers
can begin to use DBIS right away on the unices that they have control 
over, while the appliances can
continue to use the same data the old way.  Then the pressure increases 
on those vendors and over time
they move to the new way too.  Change has to start somewhere.

>
>> However, even the appliances I've worked with support local class & attribute
>> remapping rules,
> Unfortunately there are counter examples where you cannot configure local
> class & attribute remapping rules.

Fine, then in those cases you use the RFC2307 schema and the new DBIS 
clients you install can be
configured to use it with no trouble: 
http://sourceforge.net/p/dbis/wiki/ConfigurationMaps-RFC2307

>
>>> My approach is to lower the configuration level the client has to support by
>>> filtering what's delivered to the client at the LDAP server.
>> By filtering, you mean just removing entries from maps?
> Yes, making users, user groups and sudoers entries invisible if the client is
> not authorized to see them.

You could do that with DBIS too, if you wanted.  You could either use 
netgroup constraints 
<http://sourceforge.net/p/dbis/wiki/Netgroup%20Constraints/> (client-side),
and if you really want server-side restrictions in place, split the maps 
up into separate places in the DIT
and use ACLs to restrict which hosts can see them.  Don't forget that 
DBIS can join entries from many
different places in a DIT into a single coherent map, and it uses 
netgroups to determine which hosts
should get which pieces of the map.

Best regards,
Mark.

--------------010008040507020809090906
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<html>
  <head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"
      http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    On 04/02/2015 23:18, Michael Ströder wrote:<br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:54D2A8DF.8030002@stroeder.com" type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">Mark R Bannister wrote:
</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap=""><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:michael@stroeder.com">michael@stroeder.com</a> wrote:
</pre>
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">Mark R Bannister wrote:
</pre>
          <blockquote type="cite">
            <pre wrap="">On 28/01/2015 14:14, Simo wrote:
</pre>
            <blockquote type="cite">
              <pre wrap="">It hurts me to curb enthusiasm, but I think your drafts are not a step
forward, at most a step sideways, and ignore what's out there right now.
</pre>
            </blockquote>
            <pre wrap="">Given that they were written to fix specific deficiencies in RFC2307bis
that were causing pain in a number of very large enterprises I have worked
for, I don't see how they could be considered a step sideways.
</pre>
          </blockquote>
          <pre wrap="">Maybe I did not look closely enough. Could you please point me to some text
describing the specific deficiencies you solved in more detail?
</pre>
        </blockquote>
        <pre wrap="">
Have at look at the abstract on page 2 of
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-bannister-dbis-mapping-06.txt">http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-bannister-dbis-mapping-06.txt</a>.  One of the first
biggest requirements was reintroducing case sensitivity in a way that would be
fully compatible with NIS, see the description of the en (4.2) and rn (4.3)
attributes in particular.
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">
Yes, case-sensitive matching is an issue and I already saw that text in your
drafts. I've simply added additional local constraints to the config limiting
e.g. attribute 'uid' to lower-case values. So it was not that important to me.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    "Not that important to me" suggests, once again, that you are coming
    up with a point solution,<br>
    and not a solution that could be widely adopted.  I have designed a
    replacement for an RFC<br>
    that can be very widely adopted.  Your approach to the 'uid'
    attribute precludes any other<br>
    use of this attribute within the same directory server by other
    applications and is not<br>
    standards-compliant.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:54D2A8DF.8030002@stroeder.com" type="cite"><br>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">Also, another requirement was to fix the schema so
that duplicate alias names could be easily detected and prevented (1.2).
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">
Are you talking about this text?

<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-bannister-dbis-mapping-00#section-1.2">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-bannister-dbis-mapping-00#section-1.2</a>

Frankly I don't get it (besides the SHALL for LDAP client configuration).</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    As in <a href="http://sourceforge.net/p/dbis/wiki/Aliases">http://sourceforge.net/p/dbis/wiki/Aliases</a>.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:54D2A8DF.8030002@stroeder.com" type="cite"><br>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">Legacy unices ... depends how old we're talking.  I currently have something
that works on RHEL4.8 and newer, and the large organisations I have spent most
of my time with over the past 5 years are at a point where RHEL4.8 is their
oldest legacy now.
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">
That's pretty old right now.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    Indeed it is, and DBIS will run on them.  So I am supporting legacy
    unices.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:54D2A8DF.8030002@stroeder.com" type="cite"><br>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">Strange appliances - not unless I can get the vendor to add support for DBIS.
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">
And that is exactly the point.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    That is no different with any new technology.  As uptake spreads,
    and customer demands increase, vendors<br>
    add support for the new stuff.  As DBIS works with the old
    RFC2307/RFC2307bis schema as well, customers<br>
    can begin to use DBIS right away on the unices that they have
    control over, while the appliances can<br>
    continue to use the same data the old way.  Then the pressure
    increases on those vendors and over time<br>
    they move to the new way too.  Change has to start somewhere.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:54D2A8DF.8030002@stroeder.com" type="cite"><br>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">However, even the appliances I've worked with support local class &amp; attribute
remapping rules, 
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">
Unfortunately there are counter examples where you cannot configure local
class &amp; attribute remapping rules.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    Fine, then in those cases you use the RFC2307 schema and the new
    DBIS clients you install can be<br>
    configured to use it with no trouble: <a
      href="http://sourceforge.net/p/dbis/wiki/ConfigurationMaps-RFC2307">http://sourceforge.net/p/dbis/wiki/ConfigurationMaps-RFC2307</a><br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:54D2A8DF.8030002@stroeder.com" type="cite"><br>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">My approach is to lower the configuration level the client has to support by
filtering what's delivered to the client at the LDAP server.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
        <pre wrap="">
By filtering, you mean just removing entries from maps?
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">
Yes, making users, user groups and sudoers entries invisible if the client is
not authorized to see them.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    You could do that with DBIS too, if you wanted.  You could either
    use <a
      href="http://sourceforge.net/p/dbis/wiki/Netgroup%20Constraints/">netgroup
      constraints</a> (client-side),<br>
    and if you really want server-side restrictions in place, split the
    maps up into separate places in the DIT<br>
    and use ACLs to restrict which hosts can see them.  Don't forget
    that DBIS can join entries from many<br>
    different places in a DIT into a single coherent map, and it uses
    netgroups to determine which hosts<br>
    should get which pieces of the map.<br>
    <br>
    Best regards,<br>
    Mark.<br>
  </body>
</html>

--------------010008040507020809090906--


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Subject: Re: [ldapext] RFC2307, netgroups, DBIS
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Mark R Bannister wrote:
> On 04/02/2015 23:06, Michael Str=C3=B6der wrote:
>> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>>> michael@stroeder.com wrote:
>>>> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>>>>> Agreed, great for access control.  But I don't see how that will wo=
rk for
>>>>> the
>>>>> other netgroup use-cases.
>>>> Which particular netgroup use-cases do you see?
>>>> One example is sufficient.
>>> Generically, application roles.  A specific example: sudo, where sudo=
 rules
>>> are enabled for users based on netgroup membership.  The LDAP server =
does not
>>> know the user requesting sudo access, only the client system knows th=
at, so
>>> server-side ACLs are not going to help.
>> The server only sees 'sudoRole' entries assigned as visible for its pa=
rticular
>> server/host/service group(s). Which particular command a user can exec=
ute is
>> indeed subject to fine-grained control by sudo on the client (based on=

>> attribute 'sudoUser' which with my approach is restricted to only refe=
rencing
>> user groups).
>=20
> So you've come up with a point solution for 'sudo' that would replace t=
he
> need for sudo to use netgroups,

No, it's generally applicable.

> to have its own authenticated user account is not practical in an
> enterprise environment with 80,000 user accounts already and 60,000 hos=
ts.

It is indeed practical. BTW: This is basically what's already done when a=
dding
servers and workstations in MS AD with Kerberos used as authc mech.

> NFSv4 has already solved the NFS authentication problem, and that requi=
res=20
> nothing more than the user who attempts to access the files having a va=
lid
> Kerberos ticket.

AFAICS it also requires the servers to have a Kerberos keytab with their
service principal's key(s).  Others with more in-depth Kerberos knowledge=

might elaborate on that.  So this model fits my approach quite nicely. :-=
)

>>> In the deployments I see, typically every user can login to every hos=
t, and
>>> any application could run anywhere, therefore any compromised machine=
 will of
>>> course yield all NSS data.
>> Yes. But not with my approach.
>=20
> Why not?  If everyone can login everywhere, your approach solves nothin=
g?=20
> [..]
>>> However, the NSS data isn't particularly sensitive anyway,
>> I disagree.
>=20
> If everyone can login everywhere, what NSS data is sensitive?

Your assumption that "everyone can login everywhere" is wrong.

>>> What was the use-case you saw for it?
>> Role separation with separate credentials (especially passwords for su=
do
>> access), and paranoid protection of information I consider sensitive b=
ecause
>> it could be used to plan next steps (e.g. social engineering).
>=20
> So what if I login one of your hosts and type 'getent passwd'.  What wi=
ll I
> see?  Enough data to do some social engineering?

If you are root on a system you will see this partial directory data to d=
o
social engineering:

1. getent group: the user groups assigned as visible for this server grou=
p

2. getent passwd: all member users of the visible user groups (see 1.).

3. sudo -l: You can discover who can use which sudoers rules visible for =
this
server group

Admins with access to very sensitive systems are adviced to have separate=

accounts (role separation).

>> And furthermore you can keep the client configuration and map evaluati=
on very
>> simple because the visibility of users and user groups is constrained =
by
>> access control based on server/host/service group membership of the NS=
S client.
>=20
> At the cost of added complexity,

But the complexity is implemented *centrally* at the LDAP server's side.
Furthermore the server-side visibility rules are even then enforced when =
a NSS
client got hacked and re-configured by an attacker.

Which both is a huge gain over having to tweak *all* PAM/NSS clients to d=
o the
right thing.

Note that only LDAP entries are added/modified.  The ACLs working their w=
ay
through the references are *static* configuration.

> a false sense of security unless you are very careful how you design wh=
o
> can login to which hosts, and at best you've just shifted the target po=
int=20
> for hackers to the LDAP servers instead.

Yes, similar like DBIS this is a frame-work.  The responsible system admi=
ns
have to be sufficiently eager to make use of the authorization mechanisms=

provided.  The admins have to carefully craft an access control policy by=

defining server groups and their relationship to user groups and sudo rul=
es, etc.

Admins who just want an easy one-size-fits-it-all security policy are
definitely not the target audience of any serious access control scheme (=
and
IMHO should be kicked out of business in the long run).

Ciao, Michael.



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Mark R Bannister wrote:
> On 04/02/2015 23:18, Michael Str=F6der wrote:
>> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>>> michael@stroeder.com wrote:
>>>> Mark R Bannister wrote:
>>>>> On 28/01/2015 14:14, Simo wrote:
>>>>>> It hurts me to curb enthusiasm, but I think your drafts are not a =
step
>>>>>> forward, at most a step sideways, and ignore what's out there righ=
t now.
>>>>> Given that they were written to fix specific deficiencies in RFC230=
7bis
>>>>> that were causing pain in a number of very large enterprises I have=
 worked
>>>>> for, I don't see how they could be considered a step sideways.
>>>> Maybe I did not look closely enough. Could you please point me to so=
me text
>>>> describing the specific deficiencies you solved in more detail?
>>> Have at look at the abstract on page 2 of
>>> http://www.ietf.org/id/draft-bannister-dbis-mapping-06.txt.  One of t=
he first
>>> biggest requirements was reintroducing case sensitivity in a way that=
 would be
>>> fully compatible with NIS, see the description of the en (4.2) and rn=
 (4.3)
>>> attributes in particular.
>> Yes, case-sensitive matching is an issue and I already saw that text i=
n your
>> drafts. I've simply added additional local constraints to the config l=
imiting
>> e.g. attribute 'uid' to lower-case values. So it was not that importan=
t to me.
>=20
> "Not that important to me" suggests, once again, that you are coming up=

> with a point solution, and not a solution that could be widely adopted.=


Not right. I simply have other priorities leading to another compromise.

> I have designed a replacement for an RFC that can be very widely adopte=
d.

As already pointed out:
Your approach is not backward compatible to PAM/NSS clients making hard-c=
oded
use of RFC 2307 schema.  I have some doubts that it will be widely used.

> Your approach to the 'uid' attribute precludes any other use of this
> attribute within the same directory server by other applications and is=

> not standards-compliant.

Could you please elaborate why defining local constraints is "not
standards-compliant".  I'm really eager to learn more about standards. ;-=
)

Since you tend to solve things at the client side you could easily config=
ure
PAM/NSS clients to use an extensible LDAP filter using case-sensitive mat=
ching
rule for searching users and groups by their name.

>>> Also, another requirement was to fix the schema so
>>> that duplicate alias names could be easily detected and prevented (1.=
2).
>> Are you talking about this text?
>>
>> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-bannister-dbis-mapping-00#section-1.=
2
>>
>> Frankly I don't get it (besides the SHALL for LDAP client configuratio=
n).
>=20
> As in http://sourceforge.net/p/dbis/wiki/Aliases.

I know what LDAP alias entries are but I avoid using them.  I suspect tha=
t you
try to cure a problem caused by using a specific search base in your PAM/=
NSS
client configuration.  The approach is simply wrong.

Instead I'd say fix your data and keep client config simple. ;-)

>>> Strange appliances - not unless I can get the vendor to add support f=
or DBIS.
>> And that is exactly the point.
>=20
> That is no different with any new technology.  As uptake spreads, and
> customer demands increase, vendors add support for the new stuff.  As D=
BIS
> works with the old RFC2307/RFC2307bis schema as well, customers can beg=
in
> to use DBIS right away on the unices that they have control over, while=
 the
> appliances can continue to use the same data the old way.  Then the
> pressure increases on those vendors and over time they move to the new =
way
> too.  Change has to start somewhere.

Good luck.

>> Yes, making users, user groups and sudoers entries invisible if the cl=
ient is
>> not authorized to see them.
>=20
> You could do that with DBIS too, if you wanted.  You could either use n=
etgroup
> constraints <http://sourceforge.net/p/dbis/wiki/Netgroup%20Constraints/=
>
> (client-side),
> and if you really want server-side restrictions in place, split the map=
s up
> into separate places in the DIT
> and use ACLs to restrict which hosts can see them.

Your schema is not suitable to let *static* LDAP server ACLs work their w=
ay
through the data.

Ciao, Michael.


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From nobody Thu Feb 12 02:27:52 2015
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Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2015 10:27:38 +0000
From: Andrew Findlay <andrew.findlay@skills-1st.co.uk>
To: Michael =?iso-8859-1?Q?Str=F6der?= <michael@stroeder.com>
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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Schema for posixGroup successor (RFC 2307 bis)
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On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 10:58:31AM +0100, Michael Ströder wrote:

> To preserve backwards compability I'd like to propose the following:
> 
> ( <OID TBD>
>   NAME 'posixGroup2'
>   DESC '<TBD>'
>   SUP ( groupOfEntries $ posixGroup )
>   STRUCTURAL )

That's a very cunning plan, but I am not sure that it will work...

> 1. posixGroup2 would have 'member' and 'memberUID' both as optional attributes,

That depends on exactly how multiple inheritance works. The only
definition I have found so far is in RFC4512:

      An object class may be derived from two or more direct
      superclasses (superclasses not part of the same superclass chain).
      This feature of subclassing is termed multiple inheritance.

   Each object class identifies the set of attributes required to be
   present in entries belonging to the class and the set of attributes
   allowed to be present in entries belonging to the class.  As an entry
   of a class must meet the requirements of each class it belongs to, it
   can be said that an object class inherits the sets of allowed and
   required attributes from its superclasses.  A subclass can identify
   an attribute allowed by its superclass as being required.  If an
   attribute is a member of both sets, it is required to be present.

Thus I think that your new class would have *more* mandatory
attributes than either of its superiors:

	MUST ( member $ cn $ gidNumber )

Not quite the point as we really want member to be optional.

> 2. the object class still can be found with (objectClass=posixGroup) and

I like that bit!

> 3. the object class is STRUCTURAL and therefore one can assign a specific DIT
> content rule to it allowing to preclude either 'member' or 'memberUID' with
> NOT to meet local system requirements.

+1

Looking through the common schemas it seems that multiple inheritance
is extremely rare, so I wonder whether all servers would even agree on
how it works...

Andrew
-- 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|                 From Andrew Findlay, Skills 1st Ltd                 |
| Consultant in large-scale systems, networks, and directory services |
|     http://www.skills-1st.co.uk/                +44 1628 782565     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------


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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Schema for posixGroup successor (RFC 2307 bis)
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Andrew Findlay wrote:
> On Wed, Feb 11, 2015 at 10:58:31AM +0100, Michael Str=F6der wrote:
>=20
>> To preserve backwards compability I'd like to propose the following:
>>
>> ( <OID TBD>
>>   NAME 'posixGroup2'
>>   DESC '<TBD>'
>>   SUP ( groupOfEntries $ posixGroup )
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>>   STRUCTURAL )
>=20
> That's a very cunning plan, but I am not sure that it will work...
> [..]
> Thus I think that your new class would have *more* mandatory
> attributes than either of its superiors:
>=20
> 	MUST ( member $ cn $ gidNumber )
>=20
> Not quite the point as we really want member to be optional.

Hey Andrew, *you* should really remember why you wrote
draft-findlay-ldap-groupofentries ! ;-]

Ok, you've overlooked that I wrote 'groupOfEntries' instead of 'groupOfNa=
mes'.

In draft-howard-rfc2307bis-02 'posixGroup' is declared as AUXILIARY, a ch=
ange
which is forbidden according to Kurt's IANA rules.  And the draft contain=
s a
declaration of 'groupOfMembers' which is pretty much the same as
'groupOfEntries'.  We will sort that out...

> Looking through the common schemas it seems that multiple inheritance
> is extremely rare, so I wonder whether all servers would even agree on
> how it works...

It works for me. :-)

Ok, it works in OpenLDAP since years.  We could send a poll ot ldapext an=
d
ldapbis mailing lists which server products officially support multiple
inheritance.

Ciao, Michael.



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From nobody Thu Feb 12 03:48:14 2015
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Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2015 11:48:07 +0000
From: Andrew Findlay <andrew.findlay@skills-1st.co.uk>
To: Michael =?iso-8859-1?Q?Str=F6der?= <michael@stroeder.com>
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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Schema for posixGroup successor (RFC 2307 bis)
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On Thu, Feb 12, 2015 at 12:17:43PM +0100, Michael Ströder wrote:

> Ok, you've overlooked that I wrote 'groupOfEntries' instead of 'groupOfNames'.

oops... I had assumed you were going for a standalone definition, so I
did indeed misread it.

> In draft-howard-rfc2307bis-02 'posixGroup' is declared as AUXILIARY, a change
> which is forbidden according to Kurt's IANA rules.  And the draft contains a
> declaration of 'groupOfMembers' which is pretty much the same as
> 'groupOfEntries'.  We will sort that out...

Right. That is why I want to separate the groups work from any 2307
updates as far as possible.

> > Looking through the common schemas it seems that multiple inheritance
> > is extremely rare, so I wonder whether all servers would even agree on
> > how it works...
> 
> It works for me. :-)
> 
> Ok, it works in OpenLDAP since years.  We could send a poll ot ldapext and
> ldapbis mailing lists which server products officially support multiple
> inheritance.

That would be useful. Are we agreed about how it *should* work?
My understanding is:

The new class has a set of MUST attributes that is the union of the
MUST attributes of the superior classes.
The new class has a set of MAY attributes that is the union of the
MAY attributes of the superior classes.
Any attribute that is MUST in one superior and MAY in another will
become MUST in the new class.

Andrew
-- 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|                 From Andrew Findlay, Skills 1st Ltd                 |
| Consultant in large-scale systems, networks, and directory services |
|     http://www.skills-1st.co.uk/                +44 1628 782565     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------


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From: =?UTF-8?Q?Michael_Str=c3=b6der?= <michael@stroeder.com>
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Cc: ldapext <ldapext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [ldapext] Schema for posixGroup successor (RFC 2307 bis)
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Andrew Findlay wrote:
> On Thu, Feb 12, 2015 at 12:17:43PM +0100, Michael Str=F6der wrote:
>> In draft-howard-rfc2307bis-02 'posixGroup' is declared as AUXILIARY, a=
 change
>> which is forbidden according to Kurt's IANA rules.  And the draft cont=
ains a
>> declaration of 'groupOfMembers' which is pretty much the same as
>> 'groupOfEntries'.  We will sort that out...
>=20
> Right. That is why I want to separate the groups work from any 2307
> updates as far as possible.

+1

Could you please go ahead pushing draft-findlay-ldap-groupofentries?

> That would be useful. Are we agreed about how it *should* work?
> My understanding is:
>=20
> The new class has a set of MUST attributes that is the union of the
> MUST attributes of the superior classes.
> The new class has a set of MAY attributes that is the union of the
> MAY attributes of the superior classes.
> Any attribute that is MUST in one superior and MAY in another will
> become MUST in the new class.

That's exactly how I see it.

Ciao, Michael.


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Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2015 13:26:05 +0100
From: Ludovic Poitou <ludovic.poitou@gmail.com>
To: =?utf-8?Q?Michael_Str=C3=B6der?= <michael@stroeder.com>, Andrew Findlay <andrew.findlay@skills-1st.co.uk>
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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Schema for posixGroup successor (RFC 2307 bis)
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I was trying to define the posixGroup2 object class in OpenDJ, and the se=
rver refuses it because we do not allow to define a structural objectClas=
s that inherits from auxiliary objectClasses.

And this is the proper behavior as R=46C4512, section 2.4.2 specifically =
calls it:

<quote>
 Structural object classes cannot subclass auxiliary object classes.
</quote>

Regards,

Ludo
--=C2=A0
Ludovic Poitou
http://ludopoitou.com

On 12 =46eb 2015 at 12:53:17, Michael Str=C3=B6der (michael=40stroeder.co=
m) wrote:

Andrew =46indlay wrote: =20
> On Thu, =46eb 12, 2015 at 12:17:43PM +0100, Michael Str=C3=B6der wrote:=
 =20
>> In draft-howard-rfc2307bis-02 'posixGroup' is declared as AUXILIARY, a=
 change =20
>> which is forbidden according to Kurt's IANA rules. And the draft conta=
ins a =20
>> declaration of 'groupOfMembers' which is pretty much the same as =20
>> 'groupOfEntries'. We will sort that out... =20
> =20
> Right. That is why I want to separate the groups work from any 2307 =20
> updates as far as possible. =20

+1 =20

Could you please go ahead pushing draft-findlay-ldap-groupofentries=3F =20

> That would be useful. Are we agreed about how it *should* work=3F =20
> My understanding is: =20
> =20
> The new class has a set of MUST attributes that is the union of the =20
> MUST attributes of the superior classes. =20
> The new class has a set of MAY attributes that is the union of the =20
> MAY attributes of the superior classes. =20
> Any attribute that is MUST in one superior and MAY in another will =20
> become MUST in the new class. =20

That's exactly how I see it. =20

Ciao, Michael. =20

=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=
=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F =20
Ldapext mailing list =20
Ldapext=40ietf.org =20
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ldapext =20

--54dc9bdd_60ef0119_15e
Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Disposition: inline

<html><head><style>body=7Bfont-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px=7D</=
style></head><body style=3D=22word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: s=
pace; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;=22><div id=3D=22bloop=5Fcust=
omfont=22 style=3D=22font-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px; color: r=
gba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: auto;=22>I was trying to define=
 the posixGroup2 object class in OpenDJ, and the server refuses it becaus=
e we do not allow to define a structural objectClass that inherits from a=
uxiliary objectClasses.</div><div id=3D=22bloop=5Fcustomfont=22 style=3D=22=
font-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margi=
n: 0px; line-height: auto;=22><br></div><div id=3D=22bloop=5Fcustomfont=22=
 style=3D=22font-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0=
,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: auto;=22>And this is the proper behavior=
 as R=46C4512, section 2.4.2 specifically calls it:</div><div id=3D=22blo=
op=5Fcustomfont=22 style=3D=22font-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px;=
 color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: auto;=22><br></div><di=
v id=3D=22bloop=5Fcustomfont=22 style=3D=22font-family:Helvetica,Arial;fo=
nt-size:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: auto;=22>=
&lt;quote&gt;</div><div id=3D=22bloop=5Fcustomfont=22 style=3D=22font-fam=
ily:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; =
line-height: auto;=22><pre class=3D=22newpage=22 style=3D=22font-size: 1e=
m; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; page-break-before: always; widows=
: 1;=22> Structural object classes cannot subclass auxiliary object class=
es.</pre></div><div id=3D=22bloop=5Fcustomfont=22 style=3D=22font-family:=
Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line=
-height: auto;=22>&lt;/quote&gt;</div> <div><br></div>Regards,<div><br></=
div><div>Ludo<br> <div id=3D=22bloop=5Fsign=5F1423743064862524928=22 clas=
s=3D=22bloop=5Fsign=22><div style=3D=22font-family:helvetica,arial;font-s=
ize:13px=22>--&nbsp;<br>Ludovic Poitou</div><div style=3D=22font-family:h=
elvetica,arial;font-size:13px=22>http://ludopoitou.com</div></div> <br><p=
 class=3D=22airmail=5Fon=22 style=3D=22color:=23000;=22>On 12 =46eb 2015 =
at 12:53:17, Michael Str=C3=B6der (<a href=3D=22mailto:michael=40stroeder=
.com=22>michael=40stroeder.com</a>) wrote:</p> <blockquote type=3D=22cite=
=22 class=3D=22clean=5Fbq=22><span><div><div></div><div>Andrew =46indlay =
wrote:
<br>&gt; On Thu, =46eb 12, 2015 at 12:17:43PM +0100, Michael Str=C3=B6der=
 wrote:
<br>&gt;&gt; In draft-howard-rfc2307bis-02 'posixGroup' is declared as AU=
XILIARY, a change
<br>&gt;&gt; which is forbidden according to Kurt's IANA rules.  And the =
draft contains a
<br>&gt;&gt; declaration of 'groupOfMembers' which is pretty much the sam=
e as
<br>&gt;&gt; 'groupOfEntries'.  We will sort that out...
<br>&gt; =20
<br>&gt; Right. That is why I want to separate the groups work from any 2=
307
<br>&gt; updates as far as possible.
<br>
<br>+1
<br>
<br>Could you please go ahead pushing draft-findlay-ldap-groupofentries=3F=

<br>
<br>&gt; That would be useful. Are we agreed about how it *should* work=3F=

<br>&gt; My understanding is:
<br>&gt; =20
<br>&gt; The new class has a set of MUST attributes that is the union of =
the
<br>&gt; MUST attributes of the superior classes.
<br>&gt; The new class has a set of MAY attributes that is the union of t=
he
<br>&gt; MAY attributes of the superior classes.
<br>&gt; Any attribute that is MUST in one superior and MAY in another wi=
ll
<br>&gt; become MUST in the new class.
<br>
<br>That's exactly how I see it.
<br>
<br>Ciao, Michael.
<br>
<br><hr>=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=
=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=5F=

<br>Ldapext mailing list
<br>Ldapext=40ietf.org
<br>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ldapext
<br></div></div></span></blockquote></div></body></html>
--54dc9bdd_60ef0119_15e--


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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Schema for posixGroup successor (RFC 2307 bis)
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Ludovic Poitou wrote:
> I was trying to define the posixGroup2 object class in OpenDJ, and the
> server refuses it because we do not allow to define a structural
> objectClass that inherits from auxiliary objectClasses.

Then you have a schema installed which is not pure RFC 2307!

Probably you already have a RFC2307bis-like schema workaround added which=

violates Kurt's IANA guidelines.

> And this is the proper behavior as RFC4512, section 2.4.2 specifically =
calls it:

Yes, mixed inheritance of STRUCTURAL and AUXILIARY object classes is not =
allowed!

Ciao, Michael.


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Date: Thu, 12 Feb 2015 13:33:05 +0100
From: Ludovic Poitou <ludovic.poitou@gmail.com>
To: =?utf-8?Q?Michael_Str=C3=B6der?= <michael@stroeder.com>
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Subject: Re: [ldapext] Schema for posixGroup successor (RFC 2307 bis)
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--54dc9d81_7f01579b_15e
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Michael,

Yes, you=E2=80=99re right, I have R=46C2307bis defined. Good point.

Ludo

--=C2=A0
Ludovic Poitou
http://ludopoitou.com

On 12 =46eb 2015 at 13:31:05, Michael Str=C3=B6der (michael=40stroeder.co=
m) wrote:

Ludovic Poitou wrote: =20
> I was trying to define the posixGroup2 object class in OpenDJ, and the =
=20
> server refuses it because we do not allow to define a structural =20
> objectClass that inherits from auxiliary objectClasses. =20

Then you have a schema installed which is not pure R=46C 2307=21 =20

Probably you already have a R=46C2307bis-like schema workaround added whi=
ch =20
violates Kurt's IANA guidelines. =20

> And this is the proper behavior as R=46C4512, section 2.4.2 specificall=
y calls it: =20

Yes, mixed inheritance of STRUCTURAL and AUXILIARY object classes is not =
allowed=21 =20

Ciao, Michael. =20


--54dc9d81_7f01579b_15e
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<html><head><style>body=7Bfont-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px=7D</=
style></head><body style=3D=22word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: s=
pace; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;=22><div id=3D=22bloop=5Fcust=
omfont=22 style=3D=22font-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px; color: r=
gba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: auto;=22>Michael,</div><div id=3D=
=22bloop=5Fcustomfont=22 style=3D=22font-family:Helvetica,Arial;font-size=
:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: auto;=22><br></d=
iv><div id=3D=22bloop=5Fcustomfont=22 style=3D=22font-family:Helvetica,Ar=
ial;font-size:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: aut=
o;=22>Yes, you=E2=80=99re right, I have R=46C2307bis defined. Good point.=
</div><div id=3D=22bloop=5Fcustomfont=22 style=3D=22font-family:Helvetica=
,Arial;font-size:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; line-height: =
auto;=22><br></div><div id=3D=22bloop=5Fcustomfont=22 style=3D=22font-fam=
ily:Helvetica,Arial;font-size:13px; color: rgba(0,0,0,1.0); margin: 0px; =
line-height: auto;=22>Ludo</div> <br> <div id=3D=22bloop=5Fsign=5F1423744=
303113398016=22 class=3D=22bloop=5Fsign=22><div style=3D=22font-family:he=
lvetica,arial;font-size:13px=22>--&nbsp;<br>Ludovic Poitou</div><div styl=
e=3D=22font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:13px=22>http://ludopoitou.co=
m</div></div> <br><p class=3D=22airmail=5Fon=22 style=3D=22color:=23000;=22=
>On 12 =46eb 2015 at 13:31:05, Michael Str=C3=B6der (<a href=3D=22mailto:=
michael=40stroeder.com=22>michael=40stroeder.com</a>) wrote:</p> <blockqu=
ote type=3D=22cite=22 class=3D=22clean=5Fbq=22><span><div><div></div><div=
>Ludovic Poitou wrote:
<br>&gt; I was trying to define the posixGroup2 object class in OpenDJ, a=
nd the
<br>&gt; server refuses it because we do not allow to define a structural=

<br>&gt; objectClass that inherits from auxiliary objectClasses.
<br>
<br>Then you have a schema installed which is not pure R=46C 2307=21
<br>
<br>Probably you already have a R=46C2307bis-like schema workaround added=
 which
<br>violates Kurt's IANA guidelines.
<br>
<br>&gt; And this is the proper behavior as R=46C4512, section 2.4.2 spec=
ifically calls it:
<br>
<br>Yes, mixed inheritance of STRUCTURAL and AUXILIARY object classes is =
not allowed=21
<br>
<br>Ciao, Michael.
<br>
<br><hr></div></div></span></blockquote></body></html>
--54dc9d81_7f01579b_15e--


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On Thu, Feb 12, 2015 at 12:53:00PM +0100, Michael Ströder wrote:

> Could you please go ahead pushing draft-findlay-ldap-groupofentries?

OK. I won't have much time for this over the next month, but as a
start I attach the original draft and a summary of the discussions
surrounding it.

The draft itself is quite simple, in that it proposes a group class
that is very similar to the existing groupOfNames. The can of worms it
opened up is not so easy to fix however :-) The main issues relate to
nesting of groups: what it means, whether it should be allowed in a
given case, and how clients and servers might split the work in
dealing with potentially-nested groups. Some of the more likely
solutions to those problems would remove the 'member' attribute from
the groupOfEntries class, thus breaking your proposal...

Here is the discussion summary:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
draft-findlay-ldap-groupofentries-00.txt discussion summary 2007-09-24
======================================================================

On September 17th I introduced an I-D to create an LDAP group class
that was capable of representing an empty group. The initial proposal
was for the smallest possible change from the existing groupOfNames
class.

Most people who joined the discussion on ldapext@ietf.org were broadly
in support of allowing empty groups, though some thought that any
changes away from the status quo were doomed to fail.

Howard Chu pointed out that groupOfUniqueNames is even worse than
groupOfNames as the LDAP syntax for the nameAndOptionalUID attribute
type cannot be parsed reliably.

Kurt Zeilenga provided much detailed editorial advice, and posed a
question about how to handle groups where the DSA is unwilling or
unable to return some or all member names.

Luke Howard suggested that the behaviour of nested groups should be
defined. I was initially against an explicit definition, but was soon
persuaded that there could be significant performance and security
problems with ad-hoc nesting. At this point the discussion moved
almost entirely to the consideration of nesting issues.

Pete Rowley wanted an interface to be used by read-only clients to find
out what groups a particular entry is a member of without caring about
how the groups are defined. He suggested a memberOf attribute (presumably
server-maintained) for this purpose. Michael Liben also liked this
approach.

Simo Sorce proposed a control for server-side group expansion, and
Michael Ströder suggested that an extended operation for asking specific
membership questions would be better. Howard Chu suggested that any such
operation would need a depth limit parameter.

Steven Legg proposed directMember and nestedGroups attributes, and
Michael Ströder suggested that these might be a sufficient set to
describe nested groups. I wondered whether nested groups should be split
into those that could in turn have their own nested groups and those
that could not, but Simo Sorce thought that people would never choose
to use the more restrictive case. I was initially against dropping the
original 'member' attribute, but Steven pointed out that having a new
directMember attribute would allow people to define their own group
classes and still take advantage of defined nesting semantics.


Current situation
=================

It seems to me that we now have these threads of development:

1)	A new structural group class that can represent empty groups.
	This could go forward with the existing ambiguous member
	attribute or it could become the basis of a group
	representation with more carefully defined semantics using
	directMember.

2)	A new auxiliary class and one or more attributes to represent
	groups that may contain other groups. For this to make much
	sense it would require the well-defined version of (1).
	
	In (1) and (2) I see the definitions of the attributes being
	the key, and would avoid requiring the use of the object
	classes to obtain the defined semantics.

3)	A new control or extended operation so that a client can ask
	the server to do the heavy lifting involved with nested
	groups.

4)	A new server-maintained attribute called memberOf to give an
	alternative way for clients to ask for membership information.
	AD already has such an attribute, and Pierangelo Masarati
	recently proposed one for OpenLDAP so there may be useful
	existing work to build on.

5)	A document explaining why groupOfUniqueNames,
	uniqueMember and nameAndOptionalUID are bad, possibly leading
	to them being deprecated in the next revision of the core LDAP
	standards.


I am willing to co-ordinate work on (1) and (2). Are there volunteers
to take on the others?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Andrew
-- 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|                 From Andrew Findlay, Skills 1st Ltd                 |
| Consultant in large-scale systems, networks, and directory services |
|     http://www.skills-1st.co.uk/                +44 1628 782565     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

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Network Working Group                                         A. Findlay
Internet-Draft                                            Skills 1st Ltd
Expires: March 16, 2008                               September 13, 2007


                  The LDAP groupOfEntries object class
                  draft-findlay-ldap-groupofentries-00

Status of this Memo

   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
   have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
   aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
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   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This Internet-Draft will expire on March 16, 2008.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).

Abstract

   This memo describes the LDAP groupOfEntries object class which is a
   replacement for the existing groupOfNames class.  The new class
   permits the creation of empty groups.

   If approved as a Standards Track document, this document will update
   RFC4519 [2]

Document Intent

   This document is intended to be, after appropriate review and
   revision, submitted to the RFC Editor as a Standards Track document.
   Distribution of this memo is unlimited.  Technical discussion of this
   document will take place on the IETF LDAP Extensions mailing list
   <ldapext@ietf.org>.  Please send editorial comments directly to the
   author <andrew.findlay@skills-1st.co.uk>


1.  Introduction

   A groupOfNames object class has existed since the earliest X.521 [1]
   standard.  It has an identical definition in LDAP (RFC4519 [2]).  The
   class is used to define entries holding DN-valued member attributes,
   each value pointing to an entry that represents a single member of
   the group being described, or to another entry of type groupOfNames.

   groupOfNames is a structural object class, so it is often the only
   class used in the definition of group objects.

   Experience has shown that the definition of groupOfNames causes
   difficulties in practice.  In particular, the fact that 'member' is a
   mandatory attribute means that it is not possible to create an empty
   group or to delete the last member from a group.  This leads to
   artificial tricks such as making every group a member of itself, or
   adding a dummy member to every group when it is created.  These
   tricks in turn make the management of groups more complex and prone
   to error.  Groups are commonly used to control access to resources,
   so management errors can lead to security risks.

   There does not appear to be any good reason for the 'member'
   attribute to be mandatory.  This memo describes a new object class
   called groupOfEntries that is equivalent to groupOfNames in all other
   respects but which makes 'member' an optional attribute.


2.  The existing groupOfNames object class

   RFC4519 [2] contains this definition:

   The 'groupOfNames' object class is the basis of an entry that
   represents a set of named objects including information related to
   the purpose or maintenance of the set.  (Source: X.521 [1])

         ( 2.5.6.9 NAME 'groupOfNames'
            SUP top
            STRUCTURAL
            MUST ( member $
                  cn )
            MAY ( businessCategory $
                  seeAlso $
                  owner $
                  ou $
                  o $
                  description ) )

   The inclusion of 'member' in the 'MUST' section of the definition
   prevents empty groups from being created.


3.  The groupOfEntries object class

   The 'groupOfEntries' object class is the basis of an entry that
   represents a set of named objects including information related to
   the purpose or maintenance of the set.  It should be used in
   preference to the 'groupOfNames' object class.

         ( 1.2.826.0.1.3458854.2.1.1.1 NAME 'groupOfEntries'
            SUP top
            STRUCTURAL
            MUST ( cn )
            MAY ( member $
                  businessCategory $
                  seeAlso $
                  owner $
                  ou $
                  o $
                  description ) )

   This object class allows groups to be empty.  In all other respects
   it behaves like the groupOfNames object class.

   The OID assigned to this object class is delegated by Skills 1st Ltd.


4.  Effect on other documents

   This draft deprecates the use of the groupOfNames object class in
   RFC4519 [2] and replaces it with the groupOfEntries class.


5.  IANA considerations

   It is requested that IANA register upon Standards Action the
   groupOfEntries Object Identifier Descriptor and its associated OID.


6.  Security considerations

   Groups are commonly used to define access permissions to directory
   entries and resources in other services.  Allowing for empty groups
   avoids the risks associated with leaving a dummy placeholder member
   in group entries, so security is improved.


Appendix A.  Acknowledgements

   The author gratefully acknowledges the contributions of Michael
   Stroeder to the first draft of this document.


7.  Informative References

   [1]  "The Directory: Selected Object Classes", ITU-T
        Recommendation X.521, March 1988.

   [2]  "LDAP: Schema for User Applications", RFC 4519, June 2006.


Author's Address

   Andrew Findlay
   Skills 1st Ltd
   2 Cedar Chase
   Taplow
   Maidenhead  SL6 0EU
   GB

   Phone: +44 1628 782565
   Email: andrew.findlay@skills-1st.co.uk
   URI:   http://www.skills-1st.co.uk/


Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).

   This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
   contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
   retain all their rights.

   This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
   OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND
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