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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 10 11:02:05 2005
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Subject: [Ltru] Editors for registry i-d
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Hi -

As co-chairs of ltru, Martin and I are happy to announce that
Addison Phillips and Mark Davis have volunteered to serve as
editors for the update to RFC 3066.  We'd like them to submit
an internet-draft as a starting point for the WG discussion.

The draft name will be draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt 

We'd like to thank them in advance for helping the WG get
off to a running start.

Randy

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 10 11:16:44 2005
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Hi -

Addison Phillips and Mark Davis have volunteered to submit
an internet-draft as a starting point for the WG discussion
on tag matching.

The draft's name will be draft-ietf-ltru-matching-00.txt

We're looking for volunteers to take on the responsibility
for editing subsequent versions of the matching document.

If you're uncertain about the kind of things an editor needs
to do, please see section 6.3 of RFC 2418, which spells out
the responsibilities.  For more information on the mechanics,
please see:
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-guidelines.txt
http://www.ietf.org/ID-Checklist.html
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-rfc-editor-rfc2223bis-08.txt

To volunteer, please send a message to the ltru@ietf.org list,
or directly to the working group co-chairs.  Our addresses are
randy_presuhn@mindspring.com and duerst@w3.org.  We hope
to be able to name an editor or editors within a few days so we
can quickly get into the technical work.

Randy

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 10 15:30:40 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Call for volunteers to edit matching i-d
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Potential volunteers:

The matching draft is currently authored in the XML format specified by =
RFC2629/2629bis. It is then converted to TXT and HTML formats using the =
xml2rfc tool. See:

  http://tools.ietf.org/all-tools
  http://xml.resource.org/


The description of this tool is:
--
xml2rfc
Category: Authoring
The recommended tool for draft production is to write the draft using =
xml markup according to RFC 2629 or a successor (rfc2629bis), and then =
use Marshall Rose's xml2rfc processor to produce text and optionally =
html forms of the draft.
--

To actually edit the text I have been using Corel XMetaL 4 and a =
stylesheet that Martin D=FCrst developed, which I can forward, although =
any XML editor will work.

I have been hosting all of the source materials on my personal site =
(www.inter-locale.com) and would be glad to continue to host the HTML =
copies of the matching draft if you don't have a site of your own (the =
HTML format is not an officially supported format: it is for =
informational purposes only). Please note that the .TXT versions of the =
Internet-Draft on the IETF site are the only official documents.

Best Regards,

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Randy Presuhn
> Sent: jeudi 10 mars 2005 08:16
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] Call for volunteers to edit matching i-d
>=20
> Hi -
>=20
> Addison Phillips and Mark Davis have volunteered to submit
> an internet-draft as a starting point for the WG discussion
> on tag matching.
>=20
> The draft's name will be draft-ietf-ltru-matching-00.txt
>=20
> We're looking for volunteers to take on the responsibility
> for editing subsequent versions of the matching document.
>=20
> If you're uncertain about the kind of things an editor needs
> to do, please see section 6.3 of RFC 2418, which spells out
> the responsibilities.  For more information on the mechanics,
> please see:
> http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-guidelines.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/ID-Checklist.html
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-rfc-editor-rfc2223bis-08.txt
>=20
> To volunteer, please send a message to the ltru@ietf.org list,
> or directly to the working group co-chairs.  Our addresses are
> randy_presuhn@mindspring.com and duerst@w3.org.  We hope
> to be able to name an editor or editors within a few days so we
> can quickly get into the technical work.
>=20
> Randy
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Dear Addison,
the XML URL on your site seems to have a problem?
Thank you also to tell whan/if the online version is released (or still a 
pre-draft used for the voluntary search). To know when to print it.
Thanks.
jfc

Draft: http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 10 19:05:21 2005
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From: Randy Presuhn <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Call for volunteers to edit matching i-d
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Hi -

When the internet draft becomes available, the working group mailing list
should get a CC of the announcement sent to ietf-announce@ietf.org.

Of course, our on-list discussion should be in terms of the file made available
at http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/ rather than the editors' working copies,
which they have made available as a courtesy to those who prefer HTML.

Randy

-----Original Message-----
From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
Sent: Mar 10, 2005 5:49 PM
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Call for volunteers to edit matching i-d

Dear Addison,
the XML URL on your site seems to have a problem?
Thank you also to tell whan/if the online version is released (or still a 
pre-draft used for the voluntary search). To know when to print it.
Thanks.
jfc

Draft: http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html



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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 10 19:27:49 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Call for volunteers to edit matching i-d
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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Don't know what you were expecting, but the XML link does, in fact, =
retrieve the XML (editor's copy) file. You shouldn't expect to view it =
in your browser.

As Randy noted, these are not official documents. They are just the =
editor copies. There will be announcements when an official draft is =
submitted.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of JFC (Jefsey) Morfin
> Sent: jeudi 10 mars 2005 15:50
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Call for volunteers to edit matching i-d
>=20
> Dear Addison,
> the XML URL on your site seems to have a problem?
> Thank you also to tell whan/if the online version is released (or =
still a
> pre-draft used for the voluntary search). To know when to print it.
> Thanks.
> jfc
>=20
> Draft: http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
> Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 11 10:42:55 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Call for volunteers to edit matching i-d
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
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No.

As the current editors of both documents, Mark and I are preparing an =
official first draft. Changes to that draft will be done via discussion =
in the Working Group. If you want something, do it publicly there (as we =
will---we do not make changes in the draft to suit our personal whims).

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: JFC (Jefsey) Morfin [mailto:jefsey@jefsey.com]
> Sent: 2005?3?10? 19:30
> To: Addison Phillips
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Call for volunteers to edit matching i-d
>=20
> On 01:26 11/03/2005, Addison Phillips said:
> >As Randy noted, these are not official documents. They are just the
> editor
> >copies. There will be announcements when an official draft is =
submitted.
>=20
> Addison,
> as indicated to Randy, I wanted to propose that we shared the =
preparation
> of the initial draft with Mark and maybe John, before he said you and =
Mark
> would do the job. I was obviously your main opponent during the Last =
Call.
> I feel that if we could work together and agree on a few points on the
> initial document we might save time for all. But this is now your
> show,  let it be as you want. Just be aware I am at your full =
disposition
> (and that I will be rock blocked on a few points, but I do not think =
they
> should be a problem if we adhere to the charter).
> jfc
>=20



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 11 11:43:20 2005
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Hi -

I expect that this effort may bring in some participants who have not
previously been active in the IETF.  Recommended reading to help
gain an understanding of the IETF standards process and working
group operations:

http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt

There is also a more holistic picture, called the "Tao".
There are efforts underway to update the classic
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt - see
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt

I hope that this material will be helpful.

Randy

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Randy Presuhn wrote:

> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt

The latter is really nice.  Starting with your article the list
is now also available as news (nntp) and news feed (RSS), see
<http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru>

                            Bye, Frank



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Sat, 12 Mar 2005 11:21:44 -0800
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Subject: [Ltru] Update to proposed registry
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Addison and Mark's new draft contains an important change: grandfathered
tags are allowed to have a canonical value.  This means grandfathered
tags can be formally deprecated, not just marked with a comment.  This
is a change we've talked about for some time.  The wording is still a
bit inconsistent, but I expect that will be cleared up soon.

Accordingly, I've updated the proposed draft registry available at:

http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg.html
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg.txt

to add canonical values to all the grandfathered tags that were
previously commented as "deprecated."  This update also removes the
variant subtag 'lojban' and changes the status of "art-lojban" from
redundant to grandfathered (with a canonical value of "jbo").

There is also a change history at
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg-history.html.

All comments within the scope of the charter are welcome.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Mar 12 15:37:26 2005
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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
References: <007301c52738$bae2ba40$030aa8c0@DEWELL>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Update to proposed registry
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Hi -

> From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
> To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Saturday, March 12, 2005 11:21 AM
> Subject: [Ltru] Update to proposed registry
>

> Addison and Mark's new draft contains an important change: grandfathered
> tags are allowed to have a canonical value.  This means grandfathered
> tags can be formally deprecated, not just marked with a comment.  This
> is a change we've talked about for some time.  The wording is still a
> bit inconsistent, but I expect that will be cleared up soon.
>
> Accordingly, I've updated the proposed draft registry available at:
>
> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg.html
> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg.txt
>
> to add canonical values to all the grandfathered tags that were
> previously commented as "deprecated."  This update also removes the
> variant subtag 'lojban' and changes the status of "art-lojban" from
> redundant to grandfathered (with a canonical value of "jbo").
>
> There is also a change history at
> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg-history.html.
>
> All comments within the scope of the charter are welcome.

(co-chair hat OFF)

Would it make sense to make this into a working group i-d?
When (re-)populating a registry, it seems like it would be nice
to be able to give IANA something that had been under WG change
control, without having to incorporate it all in the registry document.
On the other hand, the format of the entries would be hard to
reconcile with the constraints on i-ds.  Many of the lines exceed
72 characters.  In any case, if the updated registry would contain
information that cannot be derived algorithmically from the current
registry contents, we *somehow* would have to provide that information
to IANA, whether in the registry document itself or in a new companion
document.  Ideas?

Randy



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Mar 12 16:03:45 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Update to proposed registry
Date: Sat, 12 Mar 2005 13:02:31 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Update to proposed registry
Thread-Index: AcUnQ04pSUPqKkkoRuaCrmm7Srvt3QAA1R2w
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>,
        "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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See Appendix C in the registry I-D.

IMHO, there is no reason that the prototype registry has itself to be an =
internet draft. Merely that there be a process for creating and =
approving it.=20

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Randy Presuhn
> Sent: Saturday, March 12, 2005 12:36 PM
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Update to proposed registry
>=20
> Hi -
>=20
> > From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
> > To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> > Sent: Saturday, March 12, 2005 11:21 AM
> > Subject: [Ltru] Update to proposed registry
> >
>=20
> > Addison and Mark's new draft contains an important change: =
grandfathered
> > tags are allowed to have a canonical value.  This means =
grandfathered
> > tags can be formally deprecated, not just marked with a comment.  =
This
> > is a change we've talked about for some time.  The wording is still =
a
> > bit inconsistent, but I expect that will be cleared up soon.
> >
> > Accordingly, I've updated the proposed draft registry available at:
> >
> > http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg.html
> > http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg.txt
> >
> > to add canonical values to all the grandfathered tags that were
> > previously commented as "deprecated."  This update also removes the
> > variant subtag 'lojban' and changes the status of "art-lojban" from
> > redundant to grandfathered (with a canonical value of "jbo").
> >
> > There is also a change history at
> > http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg-history.html.
> >
> > All comments within the scope of the charter are welcome.
>=20
> (co-chair hat OFF)
>=20
> Would it make sense to make this into a working group i-d?
> When (re-)populating a registry, it seems like it would be nice
> to be able to give IANA something that had been under WG change
> control, without having to incorporate it all in the registry =
document.
> On the other hand, the format of the entries would be hard to
> reconcile with the constraints on i-ds.  Many of the lines exceed
> 72 characters.  In any case, if the updated registry would contain
> information that cannot be derived algorithmically from the current
> registry contents, we *somehow* would have to provide that information
> to IANA, whether in the registry document itself or in a new companion
> document.  Ideas?
>=20
> Randy
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Mar 12 16:20:46 2005
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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
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Hi -

(co-chair hat off)

> From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
> To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>; "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Saturday, March 12, 2005 1:02 PM
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Update to proposed registry
>

> See Appendix C in the registry I-D.
>
> IMHO, there is no reason that the prototype registry has itself to be an internet draft.

True, it's just that the procedures for change control and approval
of i-ds are already in place.  The material in appendix C of registry-00,
as you point out, would provide another way of accomplishing the same
thing.

> Merely that there be a process for creating and approving it.

I think it would make sense to move this material into the IANA
considerations section as a separate subsection, with a title
something like "Initialization of the Registry".

Randy



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From: Frank Ellermann <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
Date: Sat, 12 Mar 2005 22:28:42 +0100
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
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Randy Presuhn wrote:

 [http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg.txt]
> Would it make sense to make this into a working group i-d?

Yes, please.
Same procedure as with RfC 3864 and draft-klyne-hdrreg-mail-05.

Unfortunately IANA used this nice document listing all header
fields to be defined in [RFC-klyne-hdrreg-mail-05], which is
not exactly what RfC 3864 wanted.  But for new header fields
defined after RfC 3864 it works, e.g. Solicitation [RFC3865].

> it would be nice to be able to give IANA something that had
> been under WG change control

I tried to convince IANA that i-klingon should be marked as
"deprecated, use tlh", but so far that had no effect.  Maybe
using the generic registry update Web form was a bad idea (?)

> the format of the entries would be hard to reconcile with
> the constraints on i-ds.  Many of the lines exceed
> 72 characters.

Maybe something like this is possible with xml2rfc:

Column 1 goes to the scetion title, it would be redundant in
the I-D lines.  One section "region", one "language", etc.

Columns 2 and 4 (subtag and date) always exist, that could be
the first line of each entry.  Column 5 (canonical value) also
fits into the first line.  Column 3 and 6 could go into the
second line for each entry.  Some style of list in xml2rfc
could probably handle this.  That strategy would work for the
worst case (longest line) grandfathered | zh-min-nan | etc.

                          Bye, Frank



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Mar 13 15:23:43 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
Date: Sun, 13 Mar 2005 12:22:30 -0800
Message-ID: <634978A7DF025A40BFEF33EB191E13BC0A924C35@irvmbxw01.quest.com>
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
Thread-Index: AcUnSz6pyHeWkfaPQEeLzTENxg/m5wAPczuA
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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I think that what Frank is suggesting below is documenting the *content* =
of the registry, as distinct from the registry itself.

Based on our experience to date, my suggestions would be:

1. Appoint Doug as the official editor of the draft registry (assuming =
he is willing to continue).

2. NOT make the draft registry into a version controlled document until =
the IESG approves the registry draft. Changes in the registry draft have =
an effect on the format and contents of the registry itself. Save doing =
version control on the document until its own approval process starts.

3. DO figure out how to do it under the auspices of the IETF and RFC =
2616 (if applicable) or in line with what others have done (if not).

4. DO discuss the rules for appropriate content, etc. To the extent =
possible, these should be embodied in the registry draft, of which the =
prototype registry should be (and currently *is*) a reflection. Think of =
the prototype registry as an expression of those rules useful in =
debating the finer grained rules.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> Sent: Saturday, March 12, 2005 1:29 PM
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
>=20
> Randy Presuhn wrote:
>=20
>  [http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg.txt]
> > Would it make sense to make this into a working group i-d?
>=20
> Yes, please.
> Same procedure as with RfC 3864 and draft-klyne-hdrreg-mail-05.
>=20
> Unfortunately IANA used this nice document listing all header
> fields to be defined in [RFC-klyne-hdrreg-mail-05], which is
> not exactly what RfC 3864 wanted.  But for new header fields
> defined after RfC 3864 it works, e.g. Solicitation [RFC3865].
>=20
> > it would be nice to be able to give IANA something that had
> > been under WG change control
>=20
> I tried to convince IANA that i-klingon should be marked as
> "deprecated, use tlh", but so far that had no effect.  Maybe
> using the generic registry update Web form was a bad idea (?)
>=20
> > the format of the entries would be hard to reconcile with
> > the constraints on i-ds.  Many of the lines exceed
> > 72 characters.
>=20
> Maybe something like this is possible with xml2rfc:
>=20
> Column 1 goes to the scetion title, it would be redundant in
> the I-D lines.  One section "region", one "language", etc.
>=20
> Columns 2 and 4 (subtag and date) always exist, that could be
> the first line of each entry.  Column 5 (canonical value) also
> fits into the first line.  Column 3 and 6 could go into the
> second line for each entry.  Some style of list in xml2rfc
> could probably handle this.  That strategy would work for the
> worst case (longest line) grandfathered | zh-min-nan | etc.
>=20
>                           Bye, Frank
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Mar 13 17:38:37 2005
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Date: Mon, 14 Mar 2005 07:33:04 +0900
To: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>,
        "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>,
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From: Martin Duerst <duerst@w3.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
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Hello Addison, others,

At 05:22 05/03/14, Addison Phillips wrote:
 >I think that what Frank is suggesting below is documenting the *content* of
 >the registry, as distinct from the registry itself.
 >
 >Based on our experience to date, my suggestions would be:
 >
 >1. Appoint Doug as the official editor of the draft registry (assuming he
 >is willing to continue).

With my chairs hat on, but only asking, not appointing:
Doug, would you be willing to edit the draft registry for the LTRU WG?
Would you volunteer to turn that into an internet-draft if that's what
we decide needs to be done?

 >2. NOT make the draft registry into a version controlled document until the
 >IESG approves the registry draft. Changes in the registry draft have an
 >effect on the format and contents of the registry itself. Save doing
 >version control on the document until its own approval process starts.

With my chairs hat off:

Are you suggesting that we publish the draft registry as an internet
draft (which we might call draft-ietf-ltru-initial or draft-ietf-ltru-populate),
but we only publish the -00.txt version when draft-ietf-ltru-registry
has been approved?

In general, developping things in sync seems a better idea. I.e. if
we would do it as an internet draft, the ideal would be that
draft-ietf-ltru-initial would be published just a day or two after
each publication of draft-ietf-ltru-registry.

 >3. DO figure out how to do it under the auspices of the IETF and RFC 2616
 >(if applicable) or in line with what others have done (if not).

With my chairs hat on:

I don't think there is any question about the fact that this should
be done under the auspices of the IETF. But we have to find out what
that means, and how it can be done best.

Chairs hat off again.

 >4. DO discuss the rules for appropriate content, etc. To the extent
 >possible, these should be embodied in the registry draft, of which the
 >prototype registry should be (and currently *is*) a reflection. Think of
 >the prototype registry as an expression of those rules useful in debating
 >the finer grained rules.

 >> -----Original Message-----
 >> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
 >> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann

 >> Randy Presuhn wrote:
 >>
 >>  [http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg.txt]
 >> > Would it make sense to make this into a working group i-d?
 >>
 >> Yes, please.
 >> Same procedure as with RfC 3864 and draft-klyne-hdrreg-mail-05.
 >>
 >> Unfortunately IANA used this nice document listing all header
 >> fields to be defined in [RFC-klyne-hdrreg-mail-05], which is
 >> not exactly what RfC 3864 wanted.  But for new header fields
 >> defined after RfC 3864 it works, e.g. Solicitation [RFC3865].
 >>
 >> > it would be nice to be able to give IANA something that had
 >> > been under WG change control

I agree. For those not too familliar with IANA, it is also important
to say that IANA prefers very clear rules that allow them to work
in a purely secretarial function, without having to make any
judgement decisions on matter they may not understand anyway.

 >> I tried to convince IANA that i-klingon should be marked as
 >> "deprecated, use tlh", but so far that had no effect.  Maybe
 >> using the generic registry update Web form was a bad idea (?)
 >>
 >> > the format of the entries would be hard to reconcile with
 >> > the constraints on i-ds.  Many of the lines exceed
 >> > 72 characters.
 >>
 >> Maybe something like this is possible with xml2rfc:
 >>
 >> Column 1 goes to the scetion title, it would be redundant in
 >> the I-D lines.  One section "region", one "language", etc.
 >>
 >> Columns 2 and 4 (subtag and date) always exist, that could be
 >> the first line of each entry.  Column 5 (canonical value) also
 >> fits into the first line.  Column 3 and 6 could go into the
 >> second line for each entry.  Some style of list in xml2rfc
 >> could probably handle this.  That strategy would work for the
 >> worst case (longest line) grandfathered | zh-min-nan | etc.

Would that mean that we would change the registry format, or
would that I-D come with detailled instructions of how to reconstruct
the current registry format from the I-D, or would this mean that
we change the format?

Also, I have heard that this has been considered, but would
a rather different approach to a registry format (e.g. using
XML) make it easier to put the initial registry data into an
I-D and back? Can we move to an XML format without making
things too complicated?


Regards,    Martin. 


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Mar 13 17:53:44 2005
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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
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Randy Presuhn <randy underscore presuhn at mindspring dot com> wrote:

> Would it make sense to make this into a working group i-d?
> When (re-)populating a registry, it seems like it would be nice
> to be able to give IANA something that had been under WG change
> control, without having to incorporate it all in the registry
> document.

I agree that it should be under some sort of change control.  My
change-history page is intended only as a starting point toward something
more official.

I don't think I agree that it should be an I-D, since it is not intended
to become an RFC.

> On the other hand, the format of the entries would be hard to
> reconcile with the constraints on i-ds.  Many of the lines exceed
> 72 characters.

The longest line is 140 characters (plus CR/LF), thanks to that
ridiculously long description for "zh-min-nan".  The proposed draft
registry (PDR) is consistent with the layout defined in Section 3.1, which
certainly makes it inconsistent with formats that insist on 72 characters.

> In any case, if the updated registry would contain
> information that cannot be derived algorithmically from the current
> registry contents, we *somehow* would have to provide that information
> to IANA, whether in the registry document itself or in a new companion
> document.  Ideas?

We do.  At least 98% of the PDR can be derived algorithmically from the
core ISO standards, their history pages, and the current registry -- you
would need all of these -- but there might be some surprises that need
explanation.  Perhaps it should be a new Appendix D to
draft-ietf-ltru-registry, rather than a new companion document.

Later:

> I think it would make sense to move this material into the IANA
> considerations section as a separate subsection, with a title
> something like "Initialization of the Registry".

Something like that.

Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

> I tried to convince IANA that i-klingon should be marked as
> "deprecated, use tlh", but so far that had no effect.  Maybe
> using the generic registry update Web form was a bad idea (?)

The PDR has the following entries:

language | tlh | Klingon; tlhIngan-Hol | 2004-07-06 | |

grandfathered | i-klingon | Klingon | 1999-05-26 | tlh | # deprecated
2004-02-24

The grandfathered tag "i-klingon" has a canonical value of "tlh", which
does what you want.

> Maybe something like this is possible with xml2rfc:
>
> Column 1 goes to the scetion title, it would be redundant in
> the I-D lines.  One section "region", one "language", etc.
>
> Columns 2 and 4 (subtag and date) always exist, that could be
> the first line of each entry.  Column 5 (canonical value) also
> fits into the first line.  Column 3 and 6 could go into the
> second line for each entry.  Some style of list in xml2rfc
> could probably handle this.  That strategy would work for the
> worst case (longest line) grandfathered | zh-min-nan | etc.

If we are going to shoehorn the registry into an RFC-compatible format, we
will need to revise Section 3.1 substantially.  The primary intent of the
format was to be machine-readable, rather than laid out attractively for
humans (cf. the current registry).

I'm in favor of WG accountability and control over the registry, but
against trying to turn it into an RFC.  An RFC can't be changed once it's
published, which is exactly what we don't want to happen with the
registry.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
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Martin Duerst <duerst at w3 dot org> wrote:

>> Based on our experience to date, my suggestions would be:
>>
>> 1. Appoint Doug as the official editor of the draft registry
>> (assuming he is willing to continue).
>
> With my chairs hat on, but only asking, not appointing:
> Doug, would you be willing to edit the draft registry for the LTRU WG?

Certainly.

> Would you volunteer to turn that into an internet-draft if that's what
> we decide needs to be done?

If that's what you decide.  But if that involves changing the format of
the registry to make it fit into 72-character lines, we need to discuss
that first.  One of the existing descriptions is 94 characters long *just
by itself*.

>> 2. NOT make the draft registry into a version controlled document
>> until the IESG approves the registry draft. Changes in the registry
>> draft have an effect on the format and contents of the registry
>> itself. Save doing version control on the document until its own
>> approval process starts.
>
> With my chairs hat off:
>
> Are you suggesting that we publish the draft registry as an internet
> draft (which we might call draft-ietf-ltru-initial or draft-ietf-ltru-
> populate), but we only publish the -00.txt version when draft-ietf-
> ltru-registry has been approved?
>
> In general, developping things in sync seems a better idea. I.e. if
> we would do it as an internet draft, the ideal would be that
> draft-ietf-ltru-initial would be published just a day or two after
> each publication of draft-ietf-ltru-registry.

I agree with Addison.  Appendix C says that the "real" proposed registry
is created (converted) only *after* the draft is approved.  However,
certain items within the current proposed registry have generated as much
controversy as the draft itself, so we need to continue developing it in
parallel with the draft.  But that may not mean it needs to be under
change control yet.  The registry does have its own Last Call period.

> I agree. For those not too familliar with IANA, it is also important
> to say that IANA prefers very clear rules that allow them to work
> in a purely secretarial function, without having to make any
> judgement decisions on matter they may not understand anyway.

Can't fault them for that.  :-)

>>> Maybe something like this is possible with xml2rfc:
>>> ...
>
> Would that mean that we would change the registry format, or
> would that I-D come with detailled instructions of how to reconstruct
> the current registry format from the I-D, or would this mean that
> we change the format?

We need to decide this first, before suggesting particular tools.

> Also, I have heard that this has been considered, but would
> a rather different approach to a registry format (e.g. using
> XML) make it easier to put the initial registry data into an
> I-D and back? Can we move to an XML format without making
> things too complicated?

I could certainly convert it to XML with no problem.  Whether that is the
format we want is another question, and needs to be discussed.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Martin Duerst wrote:

> Would that mean that we would change the registry format

Not necessarily.  With your hat on you could decree that
Doug is an ISO or W3C liaison, and maybe then it's possible
to use a more flexible format than "I-D" for his registry.

> would that I-D come with detailled instructions of how to
> reconstruct the current registry format from the I-D

As you said IANA is probably not interested to read the RfC
only to create its own "xml2registry" script.  Another idea:

Just use the registry as is accepting the horrible I-D line
wraps in the plain text version, xml2rfc can also create
HTML, and that should be readable.

Actually I'm more interested to have some format, whatever it
is, then pretend that 3066bis existed 1990 or earlier, prove
that some resulting regional tags would be plain nonsense
today, and then really _think_ about this part in the draft.

                Bye, Frank



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On 21:10 12/03/2005, Addison Phillips said:
>Dear Editor,
>Please find attached in text format draft-00 of "draft-ietf-ltru-registry".
>I understand that this will be processed after IETF-62.

Thank you for this document.

I have asked guidance to several concerned parties to present a comment 
synthesis (I give time for responses - or for no-response freeing me). I 
also asked guidance to some WG-IDN members and other ccTLDs which could be 
of help towards a ccTLD BP IRT concerning the Unicode updates impact on IDNs.

For example a notion which can simplify the IDN support issue, but possibly 
introduce more complexity at the end of the day for the language tags in 
general (I do not know), is loosing the relations of IDN Tables - and 
tables tags - with languages to be in phase with real users demand and 
ccTLD political trends. As you know, priority today in the IDN area is the 
homographs/phishing issue. So I do not think I can come with real comment 
on this draft before end of the week. I suggest that we stick to the 
charter for the time being (obviously we can propose more) and to the 
consistency with other RFCs (in particular to IANA ICANN IETF MoU).

I would also suggest that we make sure Doug Barton is on this list? His 
guidance would be useful. The same for Harald as the RFC 3066 author 
(however he said he will be on vacation until May). The move of the Drafts 
to an IETF WG was a first good normalization move. The second one should be 
the support of the ietf-languages@iana.org list by the IANA (host, 
archives, subscription page, etc.).

best regards.
jfc
=====================================================
For your convenience:
Draft: 		http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: 	http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: 	http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
=====================================================
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
=====================================================
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far as
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
=====================================================
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978 should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
=====================================================


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> I'm in favor of WG accountability and control over the 
> registry, but against trying to turn it into an RFC.  An RFC 
> can't be changed once it's published, which is exactly what 
> we don't want to happen with the registry.

Don't confuse the contents of a registry with the contents of an RFC.  An
I-D/RFC can be used to tell IANA how to create a registry, how the entries
are formatted, and how new entries are approved.  It can also be used to
populate initial values. The contents of the registry itself can change over
time, though, and the initial RFC doesn't have to change to make that
happen.

The IETF likes to use RFCs or other stable standards specifications to
populate IANA-maintained registries for tracking and community review
purposes.  RFCs can be obsoleted if need be.  The thing to consider is just
how often the contents of the registry will need to be changed.

-Scott-


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From: Frank Ellermann <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
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Doug Ewell wrote:

> i-klingon | Klingon | 1999-05-26 | tlh | # deprecated 2004-02-24

Yes, you have it, but IANA still has the old entry.  This could
be a hen and egg issue.  I've got a confirmation for the update
request, maybe they'll fix it after the IETF meeting, I'll ask
them again in about two weeks.  It's "obvious" (after somebody
told me where to find "tlh").

You still have "i-default" without canonical "und", and I still
don't see the difference between "i-default" and "und".  Both
are dummies.  If they are different I'd like some explanations
in the draft.  So far I only understand "avoid UND like hell"
(2.3 clause 4), but "i-default" is not much better, or is it ?

> If we are going to shoehorn the registry into an 
> RFC-compatible format

It's only an I-D limitation, the later registry itself can be
in the form proposed in the draft.  Published by IANA in any
form they like.  You can see the somewhat dubious results for
the "header registry", compare it with the complete input in
draft-klyne-hdrreg-mail-05

<http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-klyne-hdrreg-mail-05.txt>

I really wonder what happens when the IETF expires this draft,
all the good work lost unless somebody offers a public copy ?

> The primary intent of the format was to be machine-readable,
> rather than laid out attractively for humans

Yes, that's fine, if IANA gets the idea.  The existing charset
registry could be a model for a more IANA-friendly format, also
working in a separate I-D or in 3066bis IANA considerations:
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/character-sets>

For your purposes you would probably split what you have in six
files:  languages, scripts, regions, variants, grandfathered,
redundant.  Each part has its own source(s), e.g. ISO 639 for
the languages.  Each entry could consist of up to five lines,
terminated by an empty line:

Name: in
Description: Indonesian
Date: 2004-07-06
Canonical: id
Comment: # deprecated 1989

Or something like this format all in one file, then you'd say:

Language: in
Description: Indonesian
Date: 2004-07-06
Canonical: id
Comment: # deprecated 1989

Even if that's a bad idea you could apparently delete all "# " 
in the column for comments, or is this a feature ?

                            Bye, Frank



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: [Ltru] "Obsolete" region subtags (was: Re: Update to proposed
	registry)
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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

> Actually I'm more interested to have some format, whatever it
> is, then pretend that 3066bis existed 1990 or earlier, prove
> that some resulting regional tags would be plain nonsense
> today, and then really _think_ about this part in the draft.

This was something Frank brought up a while back on ietf-languages.
He's concerned about the fact that the draft admits all ISO 3166 codes
ever approved since the inception of that standard (1974), even those
that have since been withdrawn.

He's especially concerned that region subtags such as BQ and NT would be
permanently allocated in the registry to obscure, no-longer-existent
entities, so that if ISO 3166/MA ever reassigns these codes to other
entities, those entities will be stuck with less-mnemonic UN M.49
numeric codes.

IMHO, we should discuss the basic principle of admitting all codes,
instead of quibbling over the merits of individual codes like BQ and NT.
So here is my restatement of Frank's proposal, together with a fair and
unbiased (I hope) set of pro and con arguments:

PROPOSAL:  Remove all ISO 3166 codes withdrawn before a certain date.
Possibilities include 1988-08-15 (publication of ISO 3166 3/e) and
1995-03-01 (publication of RFC 1766).

PRO:  These codes weren't valid in RFC 1766 or 3066, so we should not
have to retroactively allow them now.  They could cause confusion for
users reading the registry.  If ISO 3166/MA does take leave of their
sense and reassign more codes, this limits the damage somewhat.

CON:  Just because an ISO code was withdrawn on a certain date doesn't
mean everyone immediately stopped using it.  Look at the iw/he and ji/yi
examples, where users were *encouraged* to keep generating the old
codes.  Doing this for 3166 but not 639 might attract criticism over
inconsistency.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Hi -

(co-chair hat off)

> From: "Scott Hollenbeck" <sah@428cobrajet.net>
> To: "'Doug Ewell'" <dewell@adelphia.net>; <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Sunday, March 13, 2005 4:57 PM
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
...
> Don't confuse the contents of a registry with the contents of an RFC.  An
> I-D/RFC can be used to tell IANA how to create a registry, how the entries
> are formatted, and how new entries are approved.  It can also be used to
> populate initial values. The contents of the registry itself can change over
> time, though, and the initial RFC doesn't have to change to make that
> happen.
>
> The IETF likes to use RFCs or other stable standards specifications to
> populate IANA-maintained registries for tracking and community review
> purposes.  RFCs can be obsoleted if need be.  The thing to consider is just
> how often the contents of the registry will need to be changed.
...

Also, just putting something into an i-d does not necessarily put it
on the path to publication as an RFC.

Though I like some aspects of the abstract idea of having the initial contents
of the registry in an internet-draft (rather than a web page somewhere)
because it fits in with the way IANA likes to work, I worry when discussion
turns to changing the format of registry entries simply in order to
accommodate the constraints on posting the information in the form of
an internet-draft, unless there would be other, substantial benefits from
those format changes.

In any case, I think that using i-ds or RFCs as the *update* mechanism
after the registry has been initialized would be far too heavy-weight.

I think we have several alternatives available for initializing the registry:
   1) pointer to external file/web site (current proposal in -registry-00.txt
   2) reference to WG internet-draft handed to IANA
   3) reference to WG RFC containing initial contents
   4) embed initialization data into appendix of registry document

Did I miss some?  My biggest concern about 2-4 is that the quirks
of i-d posting and rfc publication  formats would require us to spend
time on aspects of registry entries that we might otherwise not
have to spend.

Randy



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Scott Hollenbeck <sah at 428cobrajet dot net> wrote:

> Don't confuse the contents of a registry with the contents of an RFC.
> An I-D/RFC can be used to tell IANA how to create a registry, how the
> entries are formatted, and how new entries are approved.  It can also
> be used to populate initial values. The contents of the registry
> itself can change over time, though, and the initial RFC doesn't have
> to change to make that happen.

The current draft does all of these except the last (populating the
initial values).  Appendix C proposes that the WG chair will present a
proposed registry for Last Call, and describes how it is put together
(more or less), but doesn't specify how it is managed before then.

The draft *could* be revised to include the entire proposed registry.
I'm not saying it *should*, and in fact I thought I remembered someone
arguing months ago on ietf-languages that an RFC was no place for a code
list.  (That may have been just their opinion, of course.)

> The IETF likes to use RFCs or other stable standards specifications to
> populate IANA-maintained registries for tracking and community review
> purposes.  RFCs can be obsoleted if need be.  The thing to consider is
> just how often the contents of the registry will need to be changed.

The registry will need to be updated:

(a) to register a new subtag to reflect a new ISO 639, 3166, or 15924
code;
(b) to register a new variant (or extlang) subtag;
(c) to reflect the approval of an extension RFC (is this true?);
(d) to change a description in a way compatible with Section 3.2;
(e) to add new values to the "recommended prefix" field;
(f) to reclassify a grandfathered tag as redundant, per Section 3.2;
(g) to change any comment.

My first attempt at the registry was on 2004-07-06.  Since then, there
have been 22 revisions, but most were reflections of the evolving nature
of the draft.  By my count, there have been 9 changes that would have
taken place if RFC 3066bis were live and stable.  This extrapolates to
about one change per month.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: Frank Ellermann <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
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Doug Ewell wrote:

> a fair and unbiased (I hope) set of pro and con arguments:

Yes, within the constraints of the draft.  It's a problem in
the design for some cases:

1 - Region known as XX splits into XX and YY, one part inherits
    the CC.  Old XX tags could be nonsense under the new XX,
    example sl-YU

2 - Regions known as AA and BB join to a new AA, the union
    inherits the CC of one of its former parts.  The registry
    still supports old BB tags, but there's no way to identify
    old AA tags.  Example: dsb-DD vs. fy-DE.

3 - Same case, the registry wouldn't identify AA as canonical
    value for BB, beause it has not the same UN number.
    Example:  YD (720) plus YE (886) are now YE (887).

4 - Sometimes regions have an UN number and no CC, but one or
    more ccTLDs.  Examples:  830 (GG), 830 (JE), 833 (IM).

Almost all "old" problems could be avoided by a cut-off date,
but the same design would soon cause similar "new" problems.

One radical solution could be to admit that some things simply
cannot work "forever", and ISO 3166 CCs belong to this class,

It's like old calendar dates and times.  Maybe the concept of
"regions" for the TZ database is already better than ISO 3166.

Or the UN numbers are the solution, and ISO 3166 CCs and IANA
ccTLDs simply mean whatever they mean "now", allowing old CCs
in their old meaning temporarily (with a canonical UN number),
until they get a new meaning.
                            Bye, Frank



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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
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Frank Ellermann scripsit:

> You still have "i-default" without canonical "und", and I still
> don't see the difference between "i-default" and "und".  Both
> are dummies.  If they are different I'd like some explanations
> in the draft.  

i-default means "the language readable to the most people", typically
English with the hard bits left out.  und means "language has not
yet been determined", and should be used only when a language MUST
be specified and no information is available.

-- 
If you have ever wondered if you are in hell,         John Cowan
it has been said, then you are on a well-traveled     http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
road of spiritual inquiry.  If you are absolutely   http://www.reutershealth.com
sure you are in hell, however, then you must be         jcowan@reutershealth.com
on the Cross Bronx Expressway.          --Alan Feuer, NYTimes, 2002-09-20

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On 02:17 14/03/2005, Doug Ewell said:
>Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:
> > Actually I'm more interested to have some format, whatever it
> > is, then pretend that 3066bis existed 1990 or earlier, prove
> > that some resulting regional tags would be plain nonsense
> > today, and then really _think_ about this part in the draft.
>
>This was something Frank brought up a while back on ietf-languages.
>He's concerned about the fact that the draft admits all ISO 3166 codes
>ever approved since the inception of that standard (1974), even those
>that have since been withdrawn.

IMHO There is a problem here of who does what.

The IANA most known table, to the point to be referred worldwide as "the 
IANA table" is the ccTLD table which documents the ICANN understanding of 
ISO 3166. Also, as I understand the MoU between IANA, IESG and ICANN this 
table is in the ICANN area of decision (and is quite influenced by GAC). 
Obviously ICANN is not going to wipe off or to create a country at whim. 
But there may be differences and delays. Let for example consider the EU 
case. Recently someone discussed the existence of European Greek vs. Greece 
and Cyprus Greeks. ICANN will give the possibility to document it: is that 
in line with your proposition. Pacific and Indian countries have asked 
similar extensions. What is the situation you want for PS?

At the end of the day we will most probably get the same situation.  But 
the WG-ltru is not the one in control or a second, linguistic, IANA version 
of ISO 3166 is to be created?

Another point to consider. An IETF WG is charter oriented. When the Charter 
is completed, it is closed. My understanding is that the IESG has approved 
this WG for two tasks and a short duration. It can obviously be renewed. 
But I think we should not assumed it to be permanent - at least at this 
stage and without a proper guidance from the IESG.

jfc




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John Cowan wrote:
 
> i-default means "the language readable to the most people",
> typically English

Yes, but if I use English in an implementation, for whatever
reason, then why not say "en" in an enforced language tag ?
In cases where "en" makes no sense I could still use "und".

In other words, why not add this beast to chapter 2.3 (4)
in the next draft ?  The registry could reflect this with a
comment "NOT RECOMMENDED" for "und", or "NOT RECOMMENDED,
consider 'en' or 'und'" for "i-default".  If somebody still
insists on "i-default" he got at least a fair warning.  Bye.



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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

> The IANA most known table, to the point to be referred worldwide as
> "the IANA table" is the ccTLD table which documents the ICANN
> understanding of ISO 3166. Also, as I understand the MoU between IANA,
> IESG and ICANN this table is in the ICANN area of decision (and is
> quite influenced by GAC). Obviously ICANN is not going to wipe off or
> to create a country at whim. But there may be differences and delays.
> Let for example consider the EU case. Recently someone discussed the
> existence of European Greek vs. Greece and Cyprus Greeks. ICANN will
> give the possibility to document it: is that in line with your
> proposition. Pacific and Indian countries have asked similar
> extensions. What is the situation you want for PS?

I don't really care what ICANN does.  If the ccTLD table "documents the
ICANN understanding of ISO 3166," their understanding obviously leaves
something to be desired.  They have ccTLDs corresponding to the non-ISO
3166 codes AC, GG, IM, and JE, and they think the code for United
Kingdom is UK instead of GB.

ICANN doesn't need to "give [anyone] the possibility" to document the
various flavors of Greek.  You can write "el" or "el-GR" or "el-CY" or
whatever, right now, according to RFC 3066 or even RFC 1766.

I don't know what PS has to do with the rest of your paragraph, but ISO
3166 has assigned the code PS for "Palestinian Territory, Occupied" and
that is what is relevant here.

> At the end of the day we will most probably get the same situation.
> But the WG-ltru is not the one in control or a second, linguistic,
> IANA version of ISO 3166 is to be created?

I have no idea what is being asked here.

> Another point to consider. An IETF WG is charter oriented. When the
> Charter is completed, it is closed. My understanding is that the IESG
> has approved this WG for two tasks and a short duration. It can
> obviously be renewed. But I think we should not assumed it to be
> permanent - at least at this stage and without a proper guidance from
> the IESG.

I don't think anyone imagines this WG to be permanent.  Both the charter
and the current draft explain that the review function for new subtags
will lie with the ietf-languages list and with the Language Subtag
Reviewer.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
To: Frank Ellermann <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
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Frank Ellermann scripsit:

> Yes, but if I use English in an implementation, for whatever
> reason, then why not say "en" in an enforced language tag ?

RFC 2277 says in Section 4.5, Default Language:

   When human-readable text must be presented in a context where the
   sender has no knowledge of the recipient's language preferences (such
   as login failures or E-mailed warnings, or prior to language
   negotiation), text SHOULD be presented in Default Language.

   Default Language is assigned the tag "i-default" according to the
   procedures of RFC 1766. It is not a specific language, but rather
   identifies the condition where the language preferences of the user
   cannot be established.

   Messages in Default Language MUST be understandable by an English-
   speaking person, since English is the language which, worldwide, the
   greatest number of people will be able to get adequate help in
   interpreting when working with computers.

   Note that negotiating English is NOT the same as Default Language;
   Default Language is an emergency measure in otherwise unmanageable
   situations.

   In many cases, using only English text is reasonable; in some cases,
   the English text may be augumented by text in other languages.

> In cases where "en" makes no sense I could still use "und".

"Und" is consistent, e.g., with the text being in Comanche when the tagger
doesn't know that.  Neither "en" nor "i-default" is consistent with that.

-- 
The Unicode Standard does not encode            John Cowan
idiosyncratic, personal, novel, or private      http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
use characters, nor does it encode logos        http://www.reutershealth.com
or graphics.                                    jcowan@reutershealth.com

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John Cowan wrote:

 [BCP 18]
>| In many cases, using only English text is reasonable; in
>| some cases, the English text may be augumented by text in
>| other languages.

 [i-default vs. und] 
> "Und" is consistent, e.g., with the text being in Comanche
> when the tagger doesn't know that.  Neither "en" nor
> "i-default" is consistent with that.

Okay, maybe I've got it finally:  "und" stands for "I have no
clue, it could be Greek".  For "i-default" I'd know what it is,
it's something that makes sense at least for an "en"-audience.
  
But it's not really "en", otherwise I could say so in the tag.
And it's less than "mul", because it would always include "en"
where "mul" could be anything.

Maybe it's only an error number / sound / icon, or some words
making sense in more than only English (stop / verboten / ...).

Is that the idea ?  A pointer to BCP 18 in the comment column
for i-default could help.  Or IANA should keep the existing
i-files with the grandfathered details.  IANA should also keep
the details for all future registered variants, if they don't
fit in the comments column of the future registry.  Bye, Frank



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Hello Jefsey,

At 09:17 05/03/14, JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:

 >I have asked guidance to several concerned parties to present a comment 
synthesis (I give time for responses - or for no-response freeing me). I 
also asked guidance to some WG-IDN members and other ccTLDs which could be 
of help towards a ccTLD BP IRT concerning the Unicode updates impact on IDNs.

Please note that the IETF, and this WG, is an organization consisting
of individuals. Any comment is welcome, but it is best if concerned
individuals send these comments directly to our mailing list (and if
they are concerned, of course the best thing to do is to become
a member of the WG, which is open to any interested individual),
rather than somebody trying to consolidate comments from various people.


 >So I do not think I can come with real comment on this draft before end 
of the week.

The draft has not yet even officially been published, and I'm sure
we'll give at least a week for the first rounds of comments.


 >I suggest that we stick to the charter for the time being

That should go without saying.


 >(obviously we can propose more) and to the consistency with other RFCs 
(in particular to IANA ICANN IETF MoU).

That would be http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2860.txt, I guess.
I'm unclear how this is relevant to the specific work items of
the WG, except in a very general sense.


 >I would also suggest that we make sure Doug Barton is on this list? His 
guidance would be useful.

If Doug had to be on every list that discussed some IANA-related issues,
he'd probably not get any sleep. There are well-established ways for
contacts between WGs and IANA, and we will use them when necessary.


 >The same for Harald as the RFC 3066 author (however he said he will be on 
vacation until May).

I'm very sure Harald knows about this WG, and will subscribe to the
mailing list if he wants to.


 >The move of the Drafts to an IETF WG was a first good normalization move. 
The second one should be the support of the ietf-languages@iana.org list by 
the IANA (host, archives, subscription page, etc.).

Traditionally, all IETF-related mailing lists have been hosted by
volunteers. The hosting of the ietf-languages@iana.org list is a
support issue that should not concern this WG. What we need
in our documents is the address of this mailing list, and this is
already a IANA address, so we should be fine independently of where
the list is actually hosted.


Regards,    Martin. 


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Frank Ellermann scripsit:

> Okay, maybe I've got it finally:  "und" stands for "I have no
> clue, it could be Greek".

Yes, and the only reason to use it is when you MUST tag.  If tagging
is optional, then omitting a tag is better than using "und".

> For "i-default" I'd know what it is,
> it's something that makes sense at least for an "en"-audience.
>   
> But it's not really "en", otherwise I could say so in the tag.
> And it's less than "mul", because it would always include "en"
> where "mul" could be anything.

Correct.

> Maybe it's only an error number / sound / icon, or some words
> making sense in more than only English (stop / verboten / ...).

Indeed.  I note that STOP appears on many road signs even in
non-anglophone countries, e.g.

> Is that the idea ?  A pointer to BCP 18 in the comment column
> for i-default could help.  Or IANA should keep the existing
> i-files with the grandfathered details.  IANA should also keep
> the details for all future registered variants, if they don't
> fit in the comments column of the future registry.  Bye, Frank

A good idea.

-- 
How they ever reached any  conclusion at all    jcowan@reutershealth.com>
is starkly unknowable to the human mind.        http://www.reutershealth.com
        --"Backstage Lensman", Randall Garrett  http://www.ccil.org/~cowan

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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Cc: Frank Ellermann <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
Subject: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

>> a fair and unbiased (I hope) set of pro and con arguments:
>
> Yes, within the constraints of the draft.  It's a problem in
> the design for some cases:
>
> 1 - Region known as XX splits into XX and YY, one part inherits
>     the CC.  Old XX tags could be nonsense under the new XX,
>     example sl-YU
>
> 2 - Regions known as AA and BB join to a new AA, the union
>     inherits the CC of one of its former parts.  The registry
>     still supports old BB tags, but there's no way to identify
>     old AA tags.  Example: dsb-DD vs. fy-DE.
>
> 3 - Same case, the registry wouldn't identify AA as canonical
>     value for BB, beause it has not the same UN number.
>     Example:  YD (720) plus YE (886) are now YE (887).

Frank, I know you have additional problems with the use of ISO 3166-1
country codes in language tags.  I did summarize each of them for the
authors, each with its own set of pro and con arguments, and I can
present those to the group if desired.

I'd like to focus on one issue at a time here, and at the moment we were
talking about setting a cutoff date to restrict the use of withdrawn
country codes as region subtags.

I'd also like to draw attention to the charter, which refers
specifically to the goal of updating RFC 3066 within the general
framework of RFC 3066.  It does not provide for this group to overturn
the basic principles of RFCs 1766 and 3066, which include the use of ISO
3166-1 country codes to narrow the scope of a language.  Everyone agrees
that there are drawbacks to using these codes, but they are entrenched
in current usage, and they have mnemonic value (as you pointed out in
your other arguments).  It is not our mission to render untold numbers
of existing language tags obsolete.

There are several other issues that various people have had regarding
language tags, which are also not within the scope of this group or its
charter.  I suspect these will come out before long.

> 4 - Sometimes regions have an UN number and no CC, but one or
>     more ccTLDs.  Examples:  830 (GG), 830 (JE), 833 (IM).

Again, let me reiterate:  ISO 3166-1 country codes used to qualify
language tags are *not* the same as ccTLDs.  They do not fulfill the
same purpose.  They should not be confused for one another.

> Or the UN numbers are the solution, and ISO 3166 CCs and IANA
> ccTLDs simply mean whatever they mean "now", allowing old CCs
> in their old meaning temporarily (with a canonical UN number),
> until they get a new meaning.

Earlier, you stated that the old FQ should not be reserved in the
language subtag registry, because if ISO 3166/MA ever reassigns FQ to a
new country, its residents "will hate the obscure UN number and you."
Now you say the numbers are better than the alpha-2 codes?

Please, let's stick to the work at hand, which is to update and enhance
RFC 3066, not to replace it with a new mechanism altogether.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
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Randy Presuhn <randy underscore presuhn at mindspring dot com> wrote:

> I think we have several alternatives available for initializing the
> registry:
>    1) pointer to external file/web site (current proposal in
>       -registry-00.txt
>    2) reference to WG internet-draft handed to IANA
>    3) reference to WG RFC containing initial contents
>    4) embed initialization data into appendix of registry document
>
> Did I miss some?  My biggest concern about 2-4 is that the quirks
> of i-d posting and rfc publication  formats would require us to spend
> time on aspects of registry entries that we might otherwise not
> have to spend.

I suppose I should clarify that I'm willing to bend and twist the
proposed registry into pretty much any shape the WG desires.  XML,
comma-quote, Excel, Frank's tabular format, whatever.

My main concern is the one Randy sort of alluded to, that we might get
bogged down in the details of formatting when we have bigger issues to
tackle.

I should also point out that the format of the registry has been
discussed before, on ietf-languages.  The draft originally specified
that the records were to be semicolon-delimited, but this posed a
problem with ISO 639 descriptions which contained semicolons, such as
"Catalan; Valencian".  Although the descriptions are not normative, we
didn't feel it was a great idea to modify or truncate them simply to fit
the file format, and enclosing such names in quotes would have been
heavier-weight than simply changing the file format to bar-delimited to
avoid the problem.

IIRC, we did briefly discuss XML, but I don't recall the details of that
discussion.

I guess the only reasonable plain-text format I would really object to
is tab-delimited.  Although some Unix developers are really fond of this
format, it doesn't seem to hold up well in certain Internet and mail
environments where tabs get expanded to spaces.  This might be a major
problem since the registry will be available online, and probably will
be mirrored unofficially on numerous sites.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
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At 09:06 05/03/14, Frank Ellermann wrote:
 >Martin Duerst wrote:
 >
 >> Would that mean that we would change the registry format
 >
 >Not necessarily.  With your hat on you could decree that
 >Doug is an ISO or W3C liaison,

[with several hats on]

A liaison always needs two sides. I have some hats on the
W3C side, but I don't think I'd want to use them for that.
While W3C is an important customer of IETF language tags,
the IETF is in charge, and it would feel really weird to
have something like "IETF approves new spec for language
tag registry; initial registry data provided by W3C".


Regards,    Martin. 


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
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At 07:52 05/03/14, Doug Ewell wrote:
 >Randy Presuhn <randy underscore presuhn at mindspring dot com> wrote:

 >> In any case, if the updated registry would contain
 >> information that cannot be derived algorithmically from the current
 >> registry contents, we *somehow* would have to provide that information
 >> to IANA, whether in the registry document itself or in a new companion
 >> document.  Ideas?
 >
 >We do.  At least 98% of the PDR can be derived algorithmically from the
 >core ISO standards, their history pages, and the current registry -- you
 >would need all of these -- but there might be some surprises that need
 >explanation.  Perhaps it should be a new Appendix D to
 >draft-ietf-ltru-registry, rather than a new companion document.

If we are already at 98%, how much more effort would it be to
reach 100%? If it is reasonably easy to reach 100%, I think we
should try to reach it. This would change the initial registry
from "a separate document approved by the WG and handed over
by the chairs to IANA (or whatever other process details we choose)"
to essentially be approved by the IESG based on IETF consensus.
We could still actually hand over the actual document to the IANA,
but anybody could veryfy that it's just an embodiment of what the
registry draft/rfc says.


Regards,   Martin. 


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Doug Ewell wrote:

> I'd like to focus on one issue at a time here, and at the
> moment we were talking about setting a cutoff date to
> restrict the use of withdrawn country codes as region
> subtags.

Okay, we can discuss it in this order, but we can also discuss
it simultaneously.  The cutoff date could solve most immediate
problems, but not the general problem.  So if we'd decide that
there is a general problem _and_ fix it somehow, then we would
not need to discuss a cutoff date.

> I'd also like to draw attention to the charter, which refers
> specifically to the goal of updating RFC 3066 within the
> general framework of RFC 3066.

It apparently allows to keep the 1766 / 3066 idea as is, which
is by definition backwards compatible, and to use UN M 49 codes
for persistent tags.  I could use en-GB for something that is
at least valid for one day plus five years - the old ISO 3166
grace period, but you said that they plan to extend this to 50
years, and of course GB won't cease to exist tomorrow.

I could also use en-826 when en-GB isn't stable enough for my
purposes.  If it's against the charter of this WG to discuss
this idea, then I'm really lost and probably wasting our time.

> It is not our mission to render untold numbers of existing
> language tags obsolete.

Sure, but existing 3066 and future 3066bis tags could coexist.

If en-833 is allowed (actual draft) and doesn't cause havoc for
existing 3066 implementations, then the same would be true for
en-826.  And en-GB could stay what it always was, no absolutely
guaranteed persistence, but good enough as long as GB is a
country code plus 5 or plus 50 years, whatever ISO decides.

Plus the time until they really decide to recycle it for some
new GB.  Most probably the meaning of "en" is so far from
today's "en" if and when that happens, that the stability of
GB in an old en-GB is the least problem with this tag.

> Again, let me reiterate:  ISO 3166-1 country codes used to
> qualify language tags are *not* the same as ccTLDs.  They do
> not fulfill the same purpose.

Yes, they are not exactly the same, but the differences are
limited to a few odd cases.  And we're talking about a future
IANA registry here, they already have a registry for ccTLDs
based on ISO 3166.  I trust that IANA gets it right no matter
what ISO 3166 does.

And I'm convinced that normal Internet users will try to use
their ccTLD in language tags no matter what RfC 3066bis says.
Why not sanction this expected behaviour instead of trying to
forbid it ?

> Now you say the numbers are better than the alpha-2 codes?

It's an idea to support stable tags with numbers and less than
perfect ccTLD tags in the same draft simultaneously.  With full
backwards compatibility for all tags valid when RfC 1766 was
published, but without guaranteed stability.  For guaranteed
stability 3066bis could offer the UN M 49 numbers as a feature.

This could solve all remaining problems I had with draft 10.

No ??-FQ or ???-FQ tags exist today, and when FQ is introduced
it would be what the users expect it to be in a language tag of
their century.  Or their millennium in the case of a future FQ.

                          Bye, Frank



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 14 08:38:38 2005
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From: John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
To: Doug Ewell <dewell@adelphia.net>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> I suppose I should clarify that I'm willing to bend and twist the
> proposed registry into pretty much any shape the WG desires.  XML,
> comma-quote, Excel, Frank's tabular format, whatever.

"Record-jar" format as described at
http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/taoup/html/ch05s02.html#id2906931
might be a good choice.  Essentially, it uses RFC 2822 style headers
(with foldable whitespace) for each entry in the registry, and a line
containing "%" (more robust than a blank line) to separate entries.
It allows fairly arbitrary data in a tall and narrow layout.

-- 
While staying with the Asonu, I met a man from      John Cowan
the Candensian plane, which is very much like       jcowan@reutershealth.com
ours, only more of it consists of Toronto.          http://:www.ccil.org/~cowan
        --Ursula K. Le Guin, Changing Planes

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 14 08:47:38 2005
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
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Frank Ellermann scripsit:

> It apparently allows to keep the 1766 / 3066 idea as is, which
> is by definition backwards compatible, and to use UN M 49 codes
> for persistent tags.  I could use en-GB for something that is
> at least valid for one day plus five years - the old ISO 3166
> grace period, but you said that they plan to extend this to 50
> years, and of course GB won't cease to exist tomorrow.
> 
> I could also use en-826 when en-GB isn't stable enough for my
> purposes.  

We don't want to allow both en-GB and en-826 at the same time.
That would be very bad for interoperability.
Indeed, the latter would never become valid, even if the ISO 3166 MA
were to reassign "GB".

> If en-833 is allowed (actual draft) and doesn't cause havoc for
> existing 3066 implementations, then the same would be true for
> en-826.

Syntactically speaking, yes.  Semantically, it would be a disaster.
The reason en-833 is not a problem is that it refers to a variety
variety of English that is geographically restricted in a way
that does not correspond to any ISO 3166 code.

> Yes, they are not exactly the same, but the differences are
> limited to a few odd cases.  And we're talking about a future
> IANA registry here, they already have a registry for ccTLDs
> based on ISO 3166.  I trust that IANA gets it right no matter
> what ISO 3166 does.

Historically IANA has slavishly followed the whims of the ISO 3166 MA.

> And I'm convinced that normal Internet users will try to use
> their ccTLD in language tags no matter what RfC 3066bis says.
> Why not sanction this expected behaviour instead of trying to
> forbid it ?

Because it's wrong and not backward compatible.

-- 
John Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan
Heckler: "Go on, Al, tell 'em all you know.  It won't take long."
Al Smith: "I'll tell 'em all we *both* know.  It won't take any longer."

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I note this quoted RFC 2277 paragraph is inconsistent on the "English" issue.

At 04:58 14/03/2005, John Cowan wrote:
>   Messages in Default Language MUST be understandable by an English-
>    speaking person,

This is consistent with current international and industry practice which 
is the use of Basic English that obviously every English person will 
understand.

>    since English is the language which, worldwide, the
>    greatest number of people will be able to get adequate help in
>    interpreting when working with computers.

This  is uncorrect. My Franglish shows it. The language the greatest number 
of persons working with computers will be able to interpret is Basic 
English. As far as I remember from long ago Boeing Basic English uses 800 
terms and Airbus 400. Oxford or Harvard English will be of no use to 
programers or users.

A common example is "depress the A key" is perfect ununderstable English to 
a user. "Hit the A key" is.

I note that (at least a decade ago) DoD RFPs required text documentations 
to match grade tests. A kid of a given grade was to be able to understand 
the text: a program made available by various US Agencies and private firms 
permited to run the test.

There should be a way to describe these different English langagues.

>   Note that negotiating English is NOT the same as Default Language;
>    Default Language is an emergency measure in otherwise unmanageable
>    situations.
>
>    In many cases, using only English text is reasonable; in some cases,
>    the English text may be augumented by text in other languages.

I suggest that an RFC considers the definition of a IANA Basic English and 
of an international code consistency. For example, I note that "xn" (the 
header of ACE labels produced by punycode) is the standard European code 
for "danger" and a promotion for XN Inc. the leading insurrance company for 
expatriated persons. It is also commonly understood as "Christians" and in 
some readings as "xenophobe", different understandings which are not 
appropriate with the signaling of an international transcoding of a local 
language.

Such an RFC could also address the issue of the language Icons in an ISO 
7000 consistent way.
jfc


=====================================================
For your convenience:
Draft: 		http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: 	http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: 	http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
=====================================================
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
=====================================================
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far as
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
=====================================================
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978 should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
=====================================================


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At 04:10 14/03/2005, Doug Ewell wrote:
>JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:
>I don't really care what ICANN does.

Such a lack of care is not appropriate to the current debate.

IANA is to conform to the requirements of this WG only pursuing to the 
terms of the ICANN, IETF, IANA MoU (RFC 2860). For a given period of time, 
ICANN and IANA present the IANA as an ICANN function, so ICANN is actually 
implied twice. This WG Charter does not include a rewrite of this MoU so we 
have to care about what ICANN does, if only to make sure there is no problem.

I call your attention on the part 4 of this MoU and on the possibility of 
ICANN to be confronted to a conflicting position paper or for its BoD to 
take a position on this issue. The last thing this WG should want is to 
face a latter change in the understanding of one of the three used tables.

I note that my position is exactly described in your "And I'm convinced 
that normal Internet users will try to use their ccTLD in language tags no 
matter what RfC 3066bis says. Why not sanction this expected behavior 
instead of trying to forbid it ?".

>If the ccTLD table "documents the ICANN understanding of ISO 3166," their 
>understanding obviously leaves something to be desired.  They have ccTLDs 
>corresponding to the non-ISO 3166 codes AC, GG, IM, and JE, and they think 
>the code for United Kingdom is UK instead of GB.

As you may know, ICANN is advised by the GAC which gathers the documented 
entities (States).  If you notice a discrepancy with ISO 3166 which is also 
sponsored by the same States, I suggest you bring the problem where it 
really belongs: to the UN General Assembly. This is precisely because a 
certain number of problems of same level have been identified that 192 
chiefs of States and States delegations have unanimously voted that a 
report on these issues be presented to the General Secretary. This process 
is currently underway through the WGIG and everyone can contribute.

I think this concern is of real importance and justifies a report. I planed 
to prepare it through a workshop I organize on this issue in June (during 
the EUGENI meeting where most of the concerned organizations and committees 
representatives will be present) after a preparation process which I 
started at the Paris ISO meeting in August.

- I have no problem to invite you (or any other one from the ltru list) 
among my guest speakers (one slot on the 3 or 4 planned slots).
- we can certainly send an earlier letter to Mr. Khummer and to the WGIG to 
call their attention on the issue.

> > But the WG-ltru is not the one in control or a second, linguistic,
> > IANA version of ISO 3166 is to be created?
>
>I have no idea what is being asked here.

Exactly what you say: "the differences are limited to a few odd cases.  And 
we're talking about a future IANA registry here, they already have a 
registry for ccTLDs based on ISO 3166.  I trust that IANA gets it right no 
matter what ISO 3166 does".

This WG can propose a second IANA reading of the ISO 3166.
- one by ICANN as part of its reserved name/numbering area
- one by no-one yet defined to be maintained for the W3C languages needs

But we have to be aware that would probably open the way to other lists 
better satisfying other needs. This conflicts with the RFC 1958 suggestion 
to strive for one single commonly used solution when possible.

> > Another point to consider. An IETF WG is charter oriented. When the
> > Charter is completed, it is closed. My understanding is that the IESG
> > has approved this WG for two tasks and a short duration. It can
> > obviously be renewed. But I think we should not assumed it to be
> > permanent - at least at this stage and without a proper guidance from
> > the IESG.
>
>I don't think anyone imagines this WG to be permanent.

Glad you agree.

>Both the charter and the crrent draft explain that the review function for 
>new subtags will lie with the ietf-languages list and with the Language 
>Subtag Reviewer.

The ietf-languages@iana.org is chartered to review language tags, not to 
review the IANA understanding of ISO tables. This is why I asked for a 
permanent WG-Tags, tagging is not a need limited to languages and just now. 
But better to start with something.

jfc
=====================================================
For your convenience:
Draft: 		http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: 	http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: 	http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
=====================================================
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
=====================================================
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far as
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
=====================================================
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978 should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
=====================================================


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] "Obsolete" region subtags (was: Re: Update to proposed
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

>> I don't really care what ICANN does.
>
> Such a lack of care is not appropriate to the current debate.

I don't care what ICANN does with respect to its interpretation of ISO
3166 country codes as ccTLDs.  They have interpreted them in their own
way (adding a few codes and changing one), and that is fine for them.
UN/ECE has interpreted them in their own way for use in UN/LOCODE
(semi-standardizing the private-use code ZX for offshore installations),
and that is fine for them.

Country codes in language tags are not ccTLDs.  The parties responsible
for ccTLD administration do not influence the use of country codes in
language tags.

> IANA is to conform to the requirements of this WG only pursuing to the
> terms of the ICANN, IETF, IANA MoU (RFC 2860). For a given period of
> time, ICANN and IANA present the IANA as an ICANN function, so ICANN
> is actually implied twice. This WG Charter does not include a rewrite
> of this MoU so we have to care about what ICANN does, if only to make
> sure there is no problem.
>
> I call your attention on the part 4 of this MoU and on the possibility
> of ICANN to be confronted to a conflicting position paper or for its
> BoD to take a position on this issue. The last thing this WG should
> want is to face a latter change in the understanding of one of the
> three used tables.

Section 4.1 of RFC 2860 says that it is absolutely within the scope of
IANA to maintain a registry of language tags, or subtags, as long as
there is an RFC calling for them to do so.  Did you have another point?

> I note that my position is exactly described in your "And I'm
> convinced that normal Internet users will try to use their ccTLD in
> language tags no matter what RfC 3066bis says. Why not sanction this
> expected behavior instead of trying to forbid it ?".

I didn't write that, and I don't agree with it.  Frank Ellermann wrote
it.  (The German-style lowercase f in "RfC" is a good clue.)

>> If the ccTLD table "documents the ICANN understanding of ISO 3166,"
>> their understanding obviously leaves something to be desired.  They
>> have ccTLDs corresponding to the non-ISO 3166 codes AC, GG, IM, and
>> JE, and they think the code for United Kingdom is UK instead of GB.
>
> As you may know, ICANN is advised by the GAC which gathers the
> documented entities (States).  If you notice a discrepancy with ISO
> 3166 which is also sponsored by the same States, I suggest you bring
> the problem where it really belongs: to the UN General Assembly. This
> is precisely because a certain number of problems of same level have
> been identified that 192 chiefs of States and States delegations have
> unanimously voted that a report on these issues be presented to the
> General Secretary. This process is currently underway through the WGIG
> and everyone can contribute.

That's nice, but I really don't care how ICANN or IANA chooses to use
ISO 3166 for the purpose of allocating ccTLDs.  It has no bearing on
language tags.

>>> But the WG-ltru is not the one in control or a second, linguistic,
>>> IANA version of ISO 3166 is to be created?
>>
>> I have no idea what is being asked here.
>
> Exactly what you say: "the differences are limited to a few odd cases.
> And we're talking about a future IANA registry here, they already have
> a registry for ccTLDs based on ISO 3166.  I trust that IANA gets it
> right no matter what ISO 3166 does".

That doesn't sound like me either.  Did I write that?

> This WG can propose a second IANA reading of the ISO 3166.
> - one by ICANN as part of its reserved name/numbering area
> - one by no-one yet defined to be maintained for the W3C languages
> needs
>
> But we have to be aware that would probably open the way to other
> lists better satisfying other needs. This conflicts with the RFC 1958
> suggestion to strive for one single commonly used solution when
> possible.

RFC 1958 does not say that one solution has to fit all conceivable
problems.  There is a long, established history of using ISO 3166 codes
(a) for ccTLDs, (b) in language tags, (c) in locale identifiers, and (d)
in other standards and protocols as well.  None of these usages trumps
any other.

> The ietf-languages@iana.org is chartered to review language tags, not
> to review the IANA understanding of ISO tables. This is why I asked
> for a permanent WG-Tags, tagging is not a need limited to languages
> and just now. But better to start with something.

Two types of subtag requests will be considered by ietf-languages and
approved by the Language Subtag Reviewer:

- those invented by an individual or group
- those based on updates to ISO 639, 3166, or 15924

In the latter case, nobody is asking ietf-languages to "review the IANA
understanding of ISO tables."  The ISO updates will be added *almost*
automatically to the registry.  The only exceptions, described carefully
in the draft, are when ISO codes conflict with something already in the
registry.  No philosophical judgments are required.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Update to proposed registry
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Martin Duerst" <duerst@w3.org>,
        "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>,
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Elision as necessary in a response to Martin below.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@w3.org]
> Sent: Sunday, March 13, 2005 2:33 PM

>=20
>  >2. NOT make the draft registry into a version controlled document =
until
> the
>  >IESG approves the registry draft. Changes in the registry draft have =
an
>  >effect on the format and contents of the registry itself. Save doing
>  >version control on the document until its own approval process =
starts.
>=20
> With my chairs hat off:
>=20
> Are you suggesting that we publish the draft registry as an internet
> draft (which we might call draft-ietf-ltru-initial or draft-ietf-ltru-
> populate),
> but we only publish the -00.txt version when draft-ietf-ltru-registry
> has been approved?
[Addison Phillips]=20

No. My understanding of Randy's message was that he wanted the registry =
to be versioned and hosted by the IETF. I'm explicitly suggesting that =
we not  place the registry under version control until the document that =
controls the format (the registry I-D) is finalized. Maintaining a =
shadow registry in the meantime is a good idea: the details that we work =
out in debating its content should be recorded and memorialized in the =
registry draft (which contains the rules for populating the registry, =
after all). IOW, don't rely on the registry to memorialize why it =
contains what it contains.=20

>=20
> In general, developping things in sync seems a better idea. I.e. if
> we would do it as an internet draft, the ideal would be that
> draft-ietf-ltru-initial would be published just a day or two after
> each publication of draft-ietf-ltru-registry.
[Addison Phillips]=20

Yes, exactly so. And that would be "draft-initial-00".
>=20
>  >3. DO figure out how to do it under the auspices of the IETF and RFC
> 2616
>  >(if applicable) or in line with what others have done (if not).
>=20
> With my chairs hat on:
>=20
> I don't think there is any question about the fact that this should
> be done under the auspices of the IETF. But we have to find out what
> that means, and how it can be done best.
[Addison Phillips]=20

The "if not" was meant to apply to RFC 2616, not the IETF. I agree that =
this is an all-IETF effort. The question is whether the draft registry =
is an I-D or just a document. Personally, I think torturing the thing to =
be an I-D is a waste of time. The registry draft defines the registry =
just fine. It should be possible to point to every entry in the initial =
registry and say why it is there (from text in the registry I-D). If =
subsequent to the registry I-D's adoption, there is objection to =
something that was defined by the rules in the registry I-D and we =
change it.... that suggests changing the new RFC. Which is messy.
>=20



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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
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Hi -

(co-chair hat ON)

> From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
> To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Cc: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
> Sent: Sunday, March 13, 2005 9:54 PM
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
...
> Frank, I know you have additional problems with the use of ISO 3166-1
> country codes in language tags.  I did summarize each of them for the
> authors, each with its own set of pro and con arguments, and I can
> present those to the group if desired.
...

Let's keep technical discussions (within the scope of our charter) on
the WG mailing list.  In particular, since Addison Phillips and Mark Davis
are serving as *editors* of the registry i-d, they now take their direction
from the WG, even as we recognize their contribution as authors of
the material that went into that -00 version, and as contributors to the
technical discussion.

Randy



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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] "Obsolete" region subtags (was: Re: Update to proposed
	registry)
Date: Mon, 14 Mar 2005 12:23:47 -0800
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Hi -

> From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
> To: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>; "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Monday, March 14, 2005 3:59 AM
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] "Obsolete" region subtags (was: Re: Update to proposed registry)
...
> IANA is to conform to the requirements of this WG only pursuing to the
> terms of the ICANN, IETF, IANA MoU (RFC 2860). For a given period of time,
> ICANN and IANA present the IANA as an ICANN function, so ICANN is actually
> implied twice. This WG Charter does not include a rewrite of this MoU so we
> have to care about what ICANN does, if only to make sure there is no problem.
>
> I call your attention on the part 4 of this MoU and on the possibility of
> ICANN to be confronted to a conflicting position paper or for its BoD to
> take a position on this issue. The last thing this WG should want is to
> face a latter change in the understanding of one of the three used tables.
...

I really don't see how this is relevant to this WG.  The material cited applies
to the discovery of technical conflicts in the instructions given IANA for the
operation of a given registry.  As long as we provide a non-contradictory spec
for the one registry we are chartered to describe, the cited procedures
will not be invoked.  The fact that parts of some tags may have bit patterns
which might also appear in some other registries is merely a coincidence, as far
as IANA would be concerned, and causes no conflict that would require
invocation of RFC 2860.

Randy



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To: Martin Duerst <duerst@w3.org>
From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Working Group submission: LTRU Registry Draft 00
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At 02:15 14/03/2005, Martin Duerst wrote:
>Hello Jefsey,
>
>At 09:17 05/03/14, JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:
>
> >I have asked guidance to several concerned parties to present a comment 
> synthesis (I give time for responses - or for no-response freeing me). I 
> also asked guidance to some WG-IDN members and other ccTLDs which could 
> be of help towards a ccTLD BP IRT concerning the Unicode updates impact 
> on IDNs.
>
>Please note that the IETF, and this WG, is an organization consisting
>of individuals. Any comment is welcome, but it is best if concerned
>individuals send these comments directly to our mailing list (and if
>they are concerned, of course the best thing to do is to become
>a member of the WG, which is open to any interested individual),
>rather than somebody trying to consolidate comments from various people.

Full agreement. But it is not my decision if my members, other organization 
or SG chairs, governement representatives, etc. want or do not want to 
participate to this WG. You will note that the signature I adopted is an 
incitation to do so. But this recognition/exposure process should be a 
common work and attitude.

But there are different objections such as:
- I am their rep for that. They do not necessarily want to bear the ad 
hominem I must support.
- they do not know IETF and the workload is too heavy. Most say "no to", 
"yes to". They are not interested in details.
- the language divide
- some cultural visions (economical, political, societal...) would be 
disruptive in this process and are not advisable.
- many think ISO, ITU, MINC, ETSI, etc. are better suited for the task. The 
IAB documented (RFC 3869) its lack of interest in multilingualism. The IESG 
Charter is perceived as not adequate. W3C is not an open body. IETF has ne 
feed back from market. etc. etc. These are real world oppositions we have 
to live with. At the end of the day they will make the decision through 
usage. If it is against the IETF proposed solution, IETF will only have 
introduced confusion. For many the IETF trust factor is very low after IDNA.

> >So I do not think I can come with real comment on this draft before end 
> of the week.
>
>The draft has not yet even officially been published, and I'm sure
>we'll give at least a week for the first rounds of comments.
>
> >I suggest that we stick to the charter for the time being
>
>That should go without saying.
>
> >(obviously we can propose more) and to the consistency with other RFCs 
> (in particular to IANA ICANN IETF MoU).
>
>That would be http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2860.txt, I guess.
>I'm unclear how this is relevant to the specific work items of
>the WG, except in a very general sense.

I responded Doug on this issue.

> >I would also suggest that we make sure Doug Barton is on this list? His 
> guidance would be useful.
>
>If Doug had to be on every list that discussed some IANA-related issues,
>he'd probably not get any sleep. There are well-established ways for
>contacts between WGs and IANA, and we will use them when necessary.

This may represent a serious waste of time and effort if all the concerned 
parties are not aware at the earliest of the problems their own procedure 
and obligations may represent for each others. The lingual issue is central 
to the whole Internet deployement and intergovernance and subject to many 
controversies while IETF/IESG/IAB is not much at ease with it. The last 
thing we want is that we establish a practice which will be further 
contradicted. Again, one IDNA is enough.

> >The same for Harald as the RFC 3066 author (however he said he will be 
> on vacation until May).
>
>I'm very sure Harald knows about this WG, and will subscribe to the
>mailing list if he wants to.
>
> >The move of the Drafts to an IETF WG was a first good normalization 
> move. The second one should be the support of the ietf-languages@iana.org 
> list by the IANA (host, archives, subscription page, etc.).
>
>Traditionally, all IETF-related mailing lists have been hosted by
>volunteers. The hosting of the ietf-languages@iana.org list is a
>support issue that should not concern this WG. What we need
>in our documents is the address of this mailing list, and this is
>already a IANA address, so we should be fine independently of where
>the list is actually hosted.

No. RFC 2860 says differently.

However I may be wrong: can you give me the http://iana.org/xxxx page to 
subscribe to the ietf-languages@iana.org list and to get its archives?

As you know, according the IETF, the Internet is the adherence to the 
Internet documents and procedures produced by the Internet standard 
process. Such an adherence depend on the support brought by the concerned 
parties to their writing. Again IDNA, RFC 3869, RFC 3066 bis Last Calls, 
ietf-languages debates are not really motivating, at least we must show a 
good and documented interface demonstrating a clear commitment  (look at 
the difference between the ICANN IDNA page and the IANA related pages).

The intelligent bootstrap and C-activity concepts which root the RFC 
process do not scale well (http://bootstrap.org). I know: there are 20 
years this year I face their limitations. :-)

All the best.
jfc


=====================================================
For your convenience:
Draft: 		http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: 	http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: 	http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
=====================================================
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
=====================================================
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far as
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
=====================================================
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978 should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
=====================================================


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Date: Tue, 15 Mar 2005 02:01:40 +0100
To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] "Obsolete" region subtags (was: Re: Update to
	proposed registry)
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On 21:23 14/03/2005, Randy Presuhn said:
>I really don't see how this is relevant to this WG.  The material cited 
>applies
>to the discovery of technical conflicts in the instructions given IANA for the
>operation of a given registry.  As long as we provide a non-contradictory spec
>for the one registry we are chartered to describe, the cited procedures
>will not be invoked.  The fact that parts of some tags may have bit patterns
>which might also appear in some other registries is merely a coincidence, 
>as far
>as IANA would be concerned, and causes no conflict that would require
>invocation of RFC 2860.

Dear Randy,
I would not like to harp again and again on the same issue (I fully 
responded already to Martin) wich is the difference between a work among a 
few people and RFCs and the real world which is a little larger and more 
complex and where no one really knows RFCs (so many of them).

I fully understand the interest of some coordination between Unicode, W3C, 
etc. and the political interest to use the simple and central Internet 
standard process for that. But please think of this: what is the use for 
the CLDR project to build a coordinated set of cross references, and to be 
blocked at some later stage by the blunt political "no" I fear. I am into 
this for 27 years. Your effort could be very beneficial if caried well or 
very detrimental otherwise: I have not made my mind yet about it. I am not 
opposed to your quick march, but the risk of mission creep and the 
political oppositions are important and I do not feel you really considered 
them all. An RFC is not a standard. A poor RFC as a BCP 047 replacement 
could kill everything.

So, for the time being, please let us stick to the charter. The charter 
does not say that this WG is to define countries independently from ICANN, 
that is from GAC, that is from their own State. Let stick to KISS. This 
process is on the language identification and internationalization layers. 
You may not share my layered analysis of the Multilingual Internet, but 
these layers do exist and if you venture into Country and Language 
definition you will be blocked sometime.

IMHO all this needs adherence. I do not see it yet. Let build it together.
jfc


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From: "Jon Hanna" <jon@hackcraft.net>
To: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] "Obsolete" region subtags (was: Re: Update toproposed
	registry)
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 2005 01:11:32 -0000
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> I would not like to harp again and again on the same issue

Great so.

Regards,
Jon Hanna
Work: <http://www.selkieweb.com/>
Play: <http://www.hackcraft.net/>
Chat: <irc://irc.freenode.net/selkie> 


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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:
 
> At 04:10 14/03/2005, Doug Ewell wrote:
[...]
> I note that my position is exactly described in your
> "And I'm convinced
[...]

That wasn't Doug, it was me in another article, and Doug only
answered it in another article, please don't confuse this.

> I suggest you bring the problem where it really belongs: to
> the UN General Assembly.

Now wait a moment, I know that UK is no country code and only
a ccTLD, just like everybody else here on this list.  We don't
need the UN for this "problem".  We can only decide to use IANA
as source (indirectly almost the same as ISO 3166), or we use
ISO 3166 directly.  For "we" read:  the future tag reviewer.

"We" could also mix these strategies, accept all ccTLDs (= be
liberal in what you accept), but generate only the official
CCs.  There's no best way to do it, supporting UK is horrible,
but not supporting IM is also a pain.

                         Bye, Frank



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John Cowan wrote:

> We don't want to allow both en-GB and en-826 at the same
> time.  That would be very bad for interoperability.

There's no problem with interoperability, if all CCs have a
canonical and stable UN number as long as the CC exists.

The draft already has many deprecated entries with pointers
to new and stable canonical entries.

For the big CS mess the registry would have been:

region | CS | ... | 200
region | YU | ... | 890

Snapshot after the split of CS:

region |  CS | ... | 200 | deprecated
region |  CZ | ... | 203
region |  SK | ... | 703
region |  YU | ... | 890
region | 200 | ... | | deprecated, use 203 or 703

Snapshot after the split of YU:

region |  BA | ... | 070
region |  CS | ... | 200 | deprecated
region |  CZ | ... | 203
region |  HR | ... | 191
region |  MK | ... | 807
region |  SI | ... | 705
region |  SK | ... | 703
region |  YU | ... | 891 | note change from 890
region | 200 | ... | | deprecated, use 203 or 703
region | 890 | ... | | deprecated, use 070, 191, 705, 807, 891

Snapshot after the premature recycling of CS:

region |  BA | ... | 070
region |  CS | ... | 891
region |  CZ | ... | 203
region |  HR | ... | 191
region |  MK | ... | 807
region |  SI | ... | 705
region |  SK | ... | 703
region |  YU | ... | 891 | deprecated
region | 200 | ... | | deprecated, use 203 or 703
region | 890 | ... | | deprecated, use 070, 191, 705, 807, 891

As you see the canonical UN number never changes, even if it's
deprecated.  And the CC is only an alias of a canonical value,
always reflecting the official ISO 3166 meaning, where it
exists.  Kept as deprecated alias like e.g. CS until ISO 3166
assigned a new official value.

All the tag reviewer has to do, is to figure out the UN number.

 [GB]
> the latter would never become valid, even if the ISO 3166 MA
> were to reassign "GB".

You're talking about the draft as it is, but I claim that it's
broken, and propose a fix.  With this fix GB could be assigned
to a new region when necessary (after a long transition period
like at least 50 years).
                            Bye, Frank



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Against the backdrop of threats of obstruction, let us proceed.

Randy Presuhn <randy underscore presuhn at mindspring dot com> wrote:

> Let's keep technical discussions (within the scope of our charter) on
> the WG mailing list.  In particular, since Addison Phillips and Mark
> Davis are serving as *editors* of the registry i-d, they now take
> their direction from the WG, even as we recognize their contribution
> as authors of the material that went into that -00 version, and as
> contributors to the technical discussion.

Randy is correct, and I will make sure to follow this.  The exchange I
was talking about was actually before the WG got underway.

What I had planned to do at this point was to forward my paraphrases of
Frank Ellermann's proposals to the group:

* allow non-ISO-3166 ccTLDs, such as AC, GG, JE, and UK
* remove UN numeric code 200 for Czechoslovakia
* make the canonical/alias relationship for region subtags adhere
strictly to ISO 3166-3

And we should still discuss these.  However, it appears that Frank has a
completely different suggestion now: begin a transition away from
alpha-2 region subtags like GB, and toward numeric region subtags like
826.

I'd personally like to go on the record as opposing this one.  The
alpha-2 codes, for all their imperfections, are firmly entrenched in
existing data and in the minds of users.  They have much more mnemonic
value than the numeric codes (quick, no peeking: what's the UN code for
your country?).  98% of the time, they do match the country's ccTLD, for
those who find that important.

Frank wrote:

> The draft already has many deprecated entries with pointers
> to new and stable canonical entries.

Not that many.  I count eight.

Having duplicate codes is actually something you want to do as little as
possible; for one thing, it makes tag matching more difficult.  In cases
where a code is changed and you may have data with either code, there's
little choice but to support both and map one to the other.  But I don't
think you want to do that for every country on Earth.  John is right; it
really would cause interoperability problems.  In particular, I wouldn't
worry much about GB going away or being reused any time soon (perhaps a
different example would be more convincing).

Having said that, one of Frank's earlier proposals -- make the
canonical/alias relationship for region subtags adhere strictly to ISO
3166-3 -- would actually add a few canonical/alias pairs to the
registry.  I've come to think this is actually a good idea, since it
removes one potential source of arbitrariness (real or perceived).

Speaking of which, does anyone have an official copy of ISO 3166-3 that
can be used to double-check the "deprecated" and "changed" region
subtags in the registry?  I got my information from an unofficial
source.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Doug Ewell wrote:
 
> The exchange I was talking about was actually before the WG
> got underway.

We could still find it, it's in the archive of the languages
list - not what you wrote to the editors as summary, but the
examples where draft 10 had some surprising effects for the
start dates "begin of ISO 3166" and "begin of UN numbers".

>> The draft already has many deprecated entries with pointers
>> to new and stable canonical entries.

> Not that many.  I count eight

I counted some more, but less than twenty.  And about the same
number of deprecated entries without new canonical value like
sh or DD.  You've probably not counted the 7 new grandfathered
pointers.

> Having duplicate codes is actually something you want to do
> as little as possible

Yes, but it happened in the last twenty years, and the draft
wants to be persistent for centuries.  Maybe this big CS mess
was not only a bug, but also a feature, it demonstrated in fast
forward motion that we're abusing ISO 3166-1, if we use it for
"frozen" stable tags.

> I wouldn't worry much about GB going away or being reused
> any time soon (perhaps a different example would be more
> convincing).

Real examples in our earlier discussion were CS, GE, and SK.

Public ISO 3166-3 sources:  I found nothing better than the
URL you have, FOTW (flags of the world) lists the same codes
<http://www.fotw.net/flags/iso3166n.html> reported by a FOTW
user (see end of page).

The future tag reviewer could use corresponding newsletters.

                        Bye, Frank



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To: Frank Ellermann <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, ltru@ietf.org
From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
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At 03:56 15/03/2005, Frank Ellermann wrote:
>JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:
>  > At 04:10 14/03/2005, Doug Ewell wrote:
>[...]
> > I note that my position is exactly described in your
> > "And I'm convinced
>[...]
>That wasn't Doug, it was me in another article, and Doug only
>answered it in another article, please don't confuse this.

Dear Frank,
Apologies. The point was well made anyway.

> > I suggest you bring the problem where it really belongs: to
> > the UN General Assembly.
>
>Now wait a moment, I know that UK is no country code and only
>a ccTLD, just like everybody else here on this list.

This is not fully exact, and this is the point.

>We don't need the UN for this "problem".  We can only decide to use IANA 
>as source (indirectly almost the same as ISO 3166), or we use ISO 3166 
>directly.  For "we" read:  the future tag reviewer.

I am afraid you can, but you will be blocked if this is not what the 
British Government wants (they are the one who accepted UK, GG, JJ, IM.. 
through ICANN, and GB through ISO).

You cannot _decide_ to use the IANA or ISO source. You can propose an RFC, 
but again the one who will decide (as for any RFC) is the market, and this 
market in this case starts with the Governments who made their point load 
and clear (WSIS) and who may say it at GAC level.

What I try to make understood is that the document this WG will produce 
will be counterproductive if it is not supported by the entities in charge 
(Governments) and their usual delegates (GAC, national NICs, Culture 
Ministries, Academic and Computer people), their common bodies (ISO, ITU, 
UNESCO, WSIS) and their national users. Worst, if it is opposed.

>"We" could also mix these strategies, accept all ccTLDs (= be
>liberal in what you accept), but generate only the official
>CCs.  There's no best way to do it, supporting UK is horrible,
>but not supporting IM is also a pain.

We should stop talking about ccTLDs. They blur the picture. We are talking 
of country codes and of local Internet communities, of people. These people 
have a Government to represent them. We do not represent them. We are 
simply to serve them the way they want. If we do not do that we will lose 
them and we will lose our credibility as a global system, what means we 
could close the shop.

To help us understand how we stand. When referring to a network issue we 
often think of hierarchies. This is the root (:-) of most of our 
misunderstandings. Network, and the real world you propose something to 
(such as this Draft), are not hierarchical (centralized) and ruled by 
RFCs.They are not even decentralized (meshed top like in the DNS, with 
local hierarchy) with some opinion leaders to convice. Real life networking 
is granular and distributed. DNS is just a default hierarchical vision of 
the universal namespace. As are the CLDR proposed locales.

As soon as you accept this, you see you can support whatever people want, 
without any big problem (may be some challenges :-), and everyone will 
support you. But I accept it may change a few things, not my fault: see 
Paul Bahan.

jfc






>                          Bye, Frank
>
>
>
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Mar 15 12:26:57 2005
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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de>  wrote:

>> The exchange I was talking about was actually before the WG
>> got underway.
>
> We could still find it, it's in the archive of the languages
> list - not what you wrote to the editors as summary, but the
> examples where draft 10 had some surprising effects for the
> start dates "begin of ISO 3166" and "begin of UN numbers".

I don't see any wording in draft-phillips-langtags-10 that differs in
this regard from draft-09.  Which section number or appendix are you
looking at?

>>> The draft already has many deprecated entries with pointers
>>> to new and stable canonical entries.
>
> > Not that many.  I count eight
>
> I counted some more, but less than twenty.  And about the same
> number of deprecated entries without new canonical value like
> sh or DD.

I can list the ones I found, but I think we agree the number is small
compared to 800+ generative subtags.

> You've probably not counted the 7 new grandfathered pointers.

I'm not worried about the grandfathered tags, since their number will
never increase once the draft is approved.

>> Having duplicate codes is actually something you want to do
>> as little as possible
>
> Yes, but it happened in the last twenty years, and the draft
> wants to be persistent for centuries.  Maybe this big CS mess
> was not only a bug, but also a feature, it demonstrated in fast
> forward motion that we're abusing ISO 3166-1, if we use it for
> "frozen" stable tags.

I am certain that we are not going to deprecate or phase out the use of
alpha-2 country codes in language tags.  I think continuing to pursue
this particular cause will be a waste of effort.

>> I wouldn't worry much about GB going away or being reused
>> any time soon (perhaps a different example would be more
>> convincing).
>
> Real examples in our earlier discussion were CS, GE, and SK.

Czechoslovakia, Gilbert and Ellice Islands, and Sikkim.

If the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland breaks up or
changes its name appreciably, such that ISO 3166/MA changes its alpha-2
code AND subsequently decides to reuse the code GB for some other
entity, any time within our lifetimes, I promise I will travel to your
home and personally offer my apology for my shortsightedness.  I'm not
trying to be rude, but I just don't see that particular reuse ever
happening.

> Public ISO 3166-3 sources:  I found nothing better than the
> URL you have, FOTW (flags of the world) lists the same codes
> <http://www.fotw.net/flags/iso3166n.html> reported by a FOTW
> user (see end of page).

I didn't know that very interesting site had an ISO 3166-3 page.  But in
any case, I already have a good *unofficial* source.  What I am looking
for is the real thing.

> The future tag reviewer could use corresponding newsletters.

I'm sure the future *subtag* reviewer will have as many puppies like me,
yapping at his feet with ISO change notices, as he can stand.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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We chose the UN M.49 numbers as the backup for ISO 3166 codes precisely =
because they are stable.

Allowing multiple subtags to mean the same thing, as Frank suggests =
below, would be a problem. Many language tag processors that I know of =
are implemented based solely on the values of the tags themselves, with =
no external knowledge baked into them. The existence of a registry might =
change that to some degree, but you'll still have many of what the draft =
calls "well-formed" processors for which "GB" is just a token.

To take the step you suggest, while an improvement in clarity and =
stability, would require additional "smarts" in tag processors in order =
to do simple matching of tags.=20

I think that the draft as it sits embodies most of your suggestion =
anyway. The relationship between ISO 3166 codes and UN M.49 codes is =
spelled out in Section 3.2. One of the side effects of the text in that =
section is that it demonstrates the UN M.49 code's cardinality in =
deciding what to do.

Your example of the CS/YU registry entries below is very clear and =
perhaps the UN M.49 codes should be notes in the registry to assist with =
clarity in the future. I note, however, that it is an example of changes =
before the adoption of the draft. If these changes were to take place =
under the draft (tomorrow instead of a few years ago), then the results =
would be very different:

> region |  BA | ... |
> region |  CS | Czechoslovakia |=20
> region |  CZ | ... |=20
> region |  HR | ... |=20
> region |  MK | ... |=20
> region |  SI | ... |=20
> region |  SK | ... |=20
> region |  YU | ... | deprecated, use 891
> region | 891 | Serbia and Montenegro |=20

In other words, if ISO 3166 doesn't stick to 50-year reservations of =
withdrawn codes, we will see sporadic creation of numeric UN M.49 codes. =
Countries will probably take notice of this and try to avoid obtaining =
problematic codes when they change their names.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> Sent: Monday, March 14, 2005 8:04 PM
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
>=20
> John Cowan wrote:
>=20
> > We don't want to allow both en-GB and en-826 at the same
> > time.  That would be very bad for interoperability.
>=20
> There's no problem with interoperability, if all CCs have a
> canonical and stable UN number as long as the CC exists.
>=20
> The draft already has many deprecated entries with pointers
> to new and stable canonical entries.
>=20
> For the big CS mess the registry would have been:
>=20
> region | CS | ... | 200
> region | YU | ... | 890
>=20
> Snapshot after the split of CS:
>=20
> region |  CS | ... | 200 | deprecated
> region |  CZ | ... | 203
> region |  SK | ... | 703
> region |  YU | ... | 890
> region | 200 | ... | | deprecated, use 203 or 703
>=20
> Snapshot after the split of YU:
>=20
> region |  BA | ... | 070
> region |  CS | ... | 200 | deprecated
> region |  CZ | ... | 203
> region |  HR | ... | 191
> region |  MK | ... | 807
> region |  SI | ... | 705
> region |  SK | ... | 703
> region |  YU | ... | 891 | note change from 890
> region | 200 | ... | | deprecated, use 203 or 703
> region | 890 | ... | | deprecated, use 070, 191, 705, 807, 891
>=20
> Snapshot after the premature recycling of CS:
>=20
> region |  BA | ... | 070
> region |  CS | ... | 891
> region |  CZ | ... | 203
> region |  HR | ... | 191
> region |  MK | ... | 807
> region |  SI | ... | 705
> region |  SK | ... | 703
> region |  YU | ... | 891 | deprecated
> region | 200 | ... | | deprecated, use 203 or 703
> region | 890 | ... | | deprecated, use 070, 191, 705, 807, 891
>=20
> As you see the canonical UN number never changes, even if it's
> deprecated.  And the CC is only an alias of a canonical value,
> always reflecting the official ISO 3166 meaning, where it
> exists.  Kept as deprecated alias like e.g. CS until ISO 3166
> assigned a new official value.
>=20
> All the tag reviewer has to do, is to figure out the UN number.
>=20
>  [GB]
> > the latter would never become valid, even if the ISO 3166 MA
> > were to reassign "GB".
>=20
> You're talking about the draft as it is, but I claim that it's
> broken, and propose a fix.  With this fix GB could be assigned
> to a new region when necessary (after a long transition period
> like at least 50 years).
>                             Bye, Frank
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Working Group submission: LTRU Registry Draft 00
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This has to be approved by the wg chairs.

At 03:10 PM 3/12/2005, Addison Phillips wrote:
>Dear Editor,
>
>Please find attached in text format draft-00 of "draft-ietf-ltru-registry".
>
>I understand that this will be processed after IETF-62.
>
>Best Regards,
>
>Addison (for the editors)
>
>Addison P. Phillips
>Globalization Architect, Quest Software
>http://www.quest.com
>
>Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group
>http://www.w3.org/International
>
>Internationalization is not a feature.
>It is an architecture.
>
>
>
>
>Network Working Group                                   A. Phillips, Ed.
>Internet-Draft                                            Quest Software
>Expires: September 11, 2005                                M. Davis, Ed.
>                                                                      IBM
>                                                           March 10, 2005
>
>
>                      Tags for Identifying Languages
>                       draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00
>
>Status of this Memo
>
>    This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions
>    of Section 3 of RFC 3667.  By submitting this Internet-Draft, each
>    author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of
>    which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of
>    which he or she become aware will be disclosed, in accordance with
>    RFC 3668.
>
>    Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
>    Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
>    other groups may also distribute working documents as
>    Internet-Drafts.
>
>    Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
>    and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
>    time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
>    material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
>
>    The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
>    http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
>
>    The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
>    http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
>
>    This Internet-Draft will expire on September 11, 2005.
>
>Copyright Notice
>
>    Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
>
>Abstract
>
>    This document describes the structure, content, construction, and
>    semantics of language tags for use in cases where it is desirable to
>    indicate the language used in an information object.  It also
>    describes how to register values for use in language tags and the
>    creation of user defined extensions for private interchange.  This
>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005               [Page 1]
>
>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>    document obsoletes RFC 3066 (which replaced RFC 1766).
>
>Table of Contents
>
>    1.   Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
>    2.   The Language Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
>      2.1  Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
>        2.1.1  Length Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
>      2.2  Language Subtag Sources and Interpretation . . . . . . . .   6
>        2.2.1  Primary Language Subtag  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
>        2.2.2  Extended Language Subtags  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
>        2.2.3  Script Subtag  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
>        2.2.4  Region Subtag  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
>        2.2.5  Variant Subtags  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
>        2.2.6  Extension Subtags  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
>        2.2.7  Private Use Subtags  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
>        2.2.8  Pre-Existing RFC 3066 Registrations  . . . . . . . . .  13
>        2.2.9  Possibilities for Registration . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
>        2.2.10   Classes of Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
>      2.3  Choice of Language Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
>      2.4  Meaning of the Language Tag  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
>        2.4.1  Canonicalization of Language Tags  . . . . . . . . . .  17
>      2.5  Considerations for Private Use Subtags . . . . . . . . . .  18
>    3.   IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
>      3.1  Format of the IANA Language Subtag Registry  . . . . . . .  20
>      3.2  Stability of IANA Registry Entries . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
>      3.3  Registration Procedure for Subtags . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
>      3.4  Extensions and Extensions Namespace  . . . . . . . . . . .  30
>    4.   Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
>    5.   Character Set Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
>    6.   Changes from RFC 3066  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
>    7.   References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
>         Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
>    A.   Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
>    B.   Examples of Language Tags (Informative)  . . . . . . . . . .  40
>    C.   Conversion of the RFC 3066 Language Tag Registry . . . . . .  42
>         Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . .  44
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005               [Page 2]
>
>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>1.  Introduction
>
>    Human beings on our planet have, past and present, used a number of
>    languages.  There are many reasons why one would want to identify the
>    language used when presenting or requesting information.
>
>    Information about a user's language preferences commonly needs to be
>    identified so that appropriate processing can be applied.  For
>    example, the user's language preferences in a browser can be used to
>    select web pages appropriately.  A choice of language preference can
>    also be used to select among tools (such as dictionaries) to assist
>    in the processing or understanding of content in different languages.
>
>    In addition, knowledge about the particular language used by some
>    piece of information content may be useful or even required by some
>    types of information processing; for example spell-checking,
>    computer-synthesized speech, Braille transcription, or high-quality
>    print renderings.
>
>    One means of indicating the language used is by labeling the
>    information content with a language identifier.  These identifiers
>    can also be used to specify user preferences when selecting
>    information content, or for labeling additional attributes of content
>    and associated resources.
>
>    These identifiers can also be used to indicate additional attributes
>    of content that are closely related to the language.  In particular,
>    it is often necessary to indicate specific information about the
>    dialect, writing system, or orthography used in a document or
>    resource, as these attributes may be important for the user to obtain
>    information in a form that they can understand, or important in
>    selecting appropriate processing resources for the given content.
>
>    This document specifies an identifier mechanism and a registration
>    function for values to be used with that identifier mechanism.  It
>    also defines a mechanism for private use values and future extension.
>
>    This document replaces RFC 3066, which replaced RFC 1766.  For a list
>    of changes in this document, see Section 6.
>
>    The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
>    "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
>    document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119] [11].
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005               [Page 3]
>
>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>2.  The Language Tag
>
>2.1  Syntax
>
>    The language tag is composed of one or more parts: A primary language
>    subtag and a (possibly empty) series of subsequent subtags.  Subtags
>    are distinguished by their length, position in the subtag sequence,
>    and content, so that each type of subtag can be recognized solely by
>    these features.  This makes it possible to construct a parser that
>    can extract and assign some semantic information to the subtags, even
>    if specific subtag values are not recognized.  Thus a parser need not
>    have an up-to-date copy of the registered subtag values to perform
>    most searching and matching operations.
>
>    The syntax of this tag in ABNF [RFC 2234] [13] is:
>
>    Language-Tag = (lang
>                    *("-" extlang)
>                    ["-" script]
>                    ["-" region]
>                    *("-" variant)
>                    *("-" extension)
>                    ["-" privateuse])
>                    / privateuse         ; private-use tag
>                    / grandfathered      ; grandfathered registrations
>
>    lang            = 2*3ALPHA           ; shortest ISO 639 code
>                    / registered-lang
>    extlang         = 3ALPHA             ; reserved for future use
>    script          = 4ALPHA             ; ISO 15924 code
>    region          = 2ALPHA             ; ISO 3166 code
>                    / 3DIGIT             ; UN country number
>    variant         = ALPHA (4*7alphanum) ; registered variants
>                    / DIGIT (3*7alphanum)
>    extension       = singleton 1*("-" (2*8alphanum)) ; extension subtag(s)
>    privateuse      = ("x"/"X") 1*("-" (1*8alphanum)) ; private use subtag(s)
>    singleton       = ("a"-"w" / "y"-"z" / "A"-"W" / "Y"-"Z")
>                    ; Single letters: x/X is reserved for private use
>    registered-lang = 4*8ALPHA          ; registered language subtag
>    grandfathered   = 1*3ALPHA 1*2("-" (2*8alphanum))  ; grandfathered 
> registration
>                                        ; Note: i is the only singleton 
> that starts
>                                        ; a grandfathered tag
>    alphanum        = (ALPHA / DIGIT)   ; letters and numbers
>
>                       Figure 1: Language Tag ABNF
>
>    The character "-" is HYPHEN-MINUS (ABNF: %x2D).  Note that there is a
>    subtlety in the ABNF for 'variant': variants may consist of sequences
>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005               [Page 4]
>
>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>    of up to eight characters.
>
>    Whitespace is not permitted in a language tag.  For examples of
>    language tags, see Appendix B.
>
>    Note that although [RFC 2234] [13] refers to octets, the language
>    tags described in this document are sequences of characters from the
>    US-ASCII repertoire.  Language tags may be used in documents and
>    applications that use other encodings, so long as these encompass the
>    US-ASCII repertoire.  An example of this would be an XML document
>    that uses the Unicode UTF-16LE encoding.
>
>    The tags and their subtags, including private-use and extensions, are
>    to be treated as case insensitive: there exist conventions for the
>    capitalization of some of the subtags, but these should not be taken
>    to carry meaning.
>
>    For example:
>    o  [ISO 639] [1] recommends that language codes be written in lower
>       case ('mn' Mongolian).
>    o  [ISO 3166] [4] recommends that country codes be capitalized ('MN'
>       Mongolia).
>    o  [ISO 15924] [3] recommends that script codes use lower case with
>       the initial letter capitalized ('Cyrl' Cyrillic).
>    However, in the tags defined by this document, the uppercase US-ASCII
>    letters in the range 'A' (ABNF: %x41) through 'Z' (ABNF: %x5A) are
>    considered equivalent and mapped directly to their US-ASCII lowercase
>    equivalents in the range 'a' (ABNF: %x61) through 'z' (ABNF: %x7A).
>    Thus the tag "mn-Cyrl-MN" is not distinct from "MN-cYRL-mn" or
>    "mN-cYrL-Mn" (or any other combination) and each of these variations
>    conveys the same meaning: Mongolian written in the Cyrillic script as
>    used in Mongolia.
>
>    For informative examples of language tags, see Appendix B at the end
>    of this document.
>
>2.1.1  Length Considerations
>
>    Although neither the ABNF nor other guidelines in this document
>    provide a fixed upper limit on the number of size of subtags in a
>    Language Tag and it is possible to envision quite long and complex
>    subtag sequences, in practice these are rare because additional
>    granularity in tags seldom adds useful distinguishing information and
>    because longer, more granular tags interefere with the meaning,
>    understanding, and processing of language tags.
>
>    In particular,  variant subtags SHOULD be used only with their
>    recommended prefix.  This limits most tags to a sequence of four
>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005               [Page 5]
>
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>
>
>    subtags (excluding any extensions or private use sequences).  See
>    Section 2.3 for more information on selecting the most appropriate
>    Language Tag.
>
>    A conformant implementation need not support the storage of language
>    tags which exceed a specified length.  For an example, see [RFC 2231]
>    [12].  Any such a limitation MUST be clearly documented, and such
>    documentation SHOULD include the disposition of any longer tags (for
>    example, whether an error value is generated or the language tag is
>    truncated).  If truncation is permitted it SHOULD NOT permit a subtag
>    to be divided.
>
>2.2  Language Subtag Sources and Interpretation
>
>    The namespace of language tags and their subtags is administered by
>    the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) [17] according to the
>    rules in Section 3 of this document.  The registry maintained by IANA
>    is the source for valid subtags: other standards referenced in this
>    section provide the source material for that registry.
>
>    Terminology in this section:
>
>    o  Tag or tags refers to a complete language tag, such as
>       "fr-Latn-CA".  Examples of tags in this document are enclosed in
>       double-quotes ("en-US").
>    o  Subtag refers to a specific section of a tag, separated by hyphen,
>       such as the subtag 'Latn' in "fr-Latn-CA".  Examples of subtags in
>       this document are enclosed in single quotes ('Latn').
>    o  Code or codes refers to tags defined in external standards (and
>       which are used as subtags in this document).  For example, 'Latn'
>       is an [ISO 15924] [3] script code which was used to define the
>       'Latn' script subtag for use in a language tag.  Examples of codes
>       in this document are enclosed in single quotes ('en', 'Latn').
>
>    The definitions in this section apply to the various subtags within
>    the language tags defined by this document, excepting those
>    "grandfathered" tags defined in Section 2.2.8.
>
>    Language tags are designed so that each subtag has unique length and
>    content restrictions.  These make identification of the subtag's type
>    possible, even if the content of the subtag itself is unrecognized.
>    This allows tags to be parsed and processed without reference to the
>    latest version of the underlying standards or the IANA registry and
>    makes the associated exception handling when parsing tags simpler.
>
>    Subtags in the IANA registry that do not come from an underlying
>    standard can only appear in specific positions in a tag.
>    Specifically, they can only occur as primary language subtags or as
>
>
>
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>
>
>    variant subtags.
>
>    Note that sequences of private-use and extension subtags MUST occur
>    at the end of the sequence of subtags and MUST NOT be interspersed
>    with subtags defined elsewhere in this document.
>
>    Single letter and digit subtags are reserved for current or future
>    use.  These include the following current uses:
>
>    o  The single letter subtag 'x' is reserved to introduce a sequence
>       of private-use subtags.  The interpretation of any private-use
>       subtags is defined solely by private agreement and is not defined
>       by the rules in this section or in any standard or registry
>       defined in this document.
>    o  All other single letter subtags are reserved to introduce
>       standardized extension subtag sequences as described in
>       Section 3.4.
>
>    The single letter subtag 'i' is used by some grandfathered tags, such
>    as "i-enochian", where it always appears in the first position and
>    cannot be confused with an extension.
>
>2.2.1  Primary Language Subtag
>
>    The primary subtag is the first subtag in a language tag and cannot
>    be empty.  Except as noted, the primary subtag is the language
>    subtag.  The following rules apply to the assignment and
>    interpretation of the primary subtag:
>
>    o  All 2-character language subtags were defined in the IANA registry
>       according to the assignments found in the standard ISO 639 Part 1,
>       "ISO 639-1:2002, Codes for the representation of names of
>       languages -- Part 1: Alpha-2 code" [ISO 639-1] [1], or using
>       assignments subsequently made by the ISO 639 Part 1 maintenance
>       agency or governing standardization bodies.
>    o  All 3-character language subtags were defined in the IANA registry
>       according to the assignments found in ISO 639 Part 2, "ISO
>       639-2:1998 - Codes for the representation of names of languages --
>       Part 2: Alpha-3 code - edition 1" [ISO 639-2] [2], or assignments
>       subsequently made by the ISO 639 Part 2 maintenance agency or
>       governing standardization bodies.
>    o  The subtags in the range 'qaa' through 'qtz' are reserved for
>       private use in language tags.  These subtags correspond to codes
>       reserved by ISO 639-2 for private use.  These codes MAY be used
>       for non-registered primary-language subtags (instead of using
>       private-use subtags following 'x-').  Please refer to Section 2.5
>       for more information on private use subtags.
>
>
>
>
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>
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>
>
>    o  All language subtags of 4 to 8 characters in length in the IANA
>       registry were defined via the registration process in Section 3.3
>       and MAY be used to form the primary language subtag.  At the time
>       this document was created, there were no examples of this kind of
>       subtag and future registrations of this type will be discouraged:
>       primary languages are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED for registration with
>       ISO 639 and subtags rejected by ISO 639 will be closely
>       scrutinized before they are registered with IANA.
>    o  The single character subtag 'x' as the primary subtag indicates
>       that the language tag consists solely of subtags whose meaning is
>       defined by private agreement.  For example, in the tag "x-fr-CH",
>       the subtags 'fr' and 'CH' should not be taken to represent the
>       French language or the country of Switzerland (or any other value
>       in the IANA registry) unless there is a private agreement in place
>       to do so.  See Section 2.5.
>    o  Other values MUST NOT be assigned to the primary subtag except by
>       revision or update of this document.
>
>    Note: For languages that have both an ISO 639-1 2-character code and
>    an ISO 639-2 3-character code, only the ISO 639-1 2-character code is
>    defined in the IANA registry.
>
>    Note: For languages that have no ISO 639-1 2-character code and for
>    which the ISO 639-2/T (Terminology) code and the ISO 639-2/B
>    (Bibliographic) codes differ, only the Terminology code is defined in
>    the IANA registry.  At the time this document was created, all
>    languages that had both kinds of 3-character code were also assigned
>    a 2-character code; it is not expected that future assignments of
>    this nature will occur.
>
>    Note: To avoid problems with versioning and subtag choice as
>    experienced during the transition between RFC 1766 and RFC 3066, as
>    well as the canonical nature of subtags defined by this document, the
>    ISO 639 Registration Authority Joint Advisory Committee (ISO
>    639/RA-JAC) has included the following statement in [6]:
>
>    "A language code already in ISO 639-2 at the point of freezing ISO
>    639-1 shall not later be added to ISO 639-1.  This is to ensure
>    consistency in usage over time, since users are directed in Internet
>    applications to employ the alpha-3 code when an alpha-2 code for that
>    language is not available."
>
>    In order to avoid instability of the canonical form of tags, if a
>    2-character code is added to ISO 639-1 for a language for which a
>    3-character code was already included in ISO 639-2, the 2-character
>    code will not be added as a subtag in the registry.  See Section 3.2.
>
>    For example, if some content were tagged with 'haw' (Hawaiian), which
>
>
>
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>
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>
>
>    currently has no 2-character code, the tag would not be invalidated
>    if ISO 639-1 were to assign a 2-character code to the Hawaiian
>    language at a later date.
>
>    For example, one of the grandfathered IANA registrations is
>    "i-enochian".  The subtag 'enochian' could be registered in the IANA
>    registry as a primary language subtag (assuming that ISO 639 does not
>    register this language first), making tags such as "enochian-AQ" and
>    "enochian-Latn" valid.
>
>2.2.2  Extended Language Subtags
>
>    The following rules apply to the extended language subtags:
>
>    o  Three letter subtags immediately following the primary subtag are
>       reserved for future standardization, anticipating work that is
>       currently under way on ISO 639.
>    o  Extended language subtags MUST follow the primary subtag and
>       precede any other subtags.
>    o  There MAY be any additional number of extended language subtags.
>    o  Extended language subtags will not be registered except by
>       revision of this document.
>    o  Extended language subtags MUST NOT be used to form language tags
>       except by revision of this document.
>
>    Example: In a future revision or update of this document, the tag
>    "zh-gan" (registered under RFC 3066) might become a valid
>    non-grandfathered tag in which the subtag 'gan' might represent the
>    Chinese dialect 'Gan'.
>
>2.2.3  Script Subtag
>
>    The following rules apply to the script subtags:
>
>    o  All 4-character subtags were defined according to ISO 15924
>       [3]--"Codes for the representation of the names of scripts":
>       alpha-4 script codes, or subsequently assigned by the ISO 15924
>       maintenance agency or governing standardization bodies, denoting
>       the script or writing system used in conjunction with this
>       language.
>    o  Script subtags MUST immediately follow the primary language subtag
>       and all extended language subtags and MUST occur before any other
>       type of subtag described below.
>    o  The subtags 'Qaaa' through 'Qabx' are reserved for private use in
>       language tags.  These subtags correspond to codes reserved by ISO
>       15924 for private use.  These codes MAY be used for non-registered
>       script values.  Please refer to Section 2.5 for more information
>       on private-use subtags.
>
>
>
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>
>
>    o  Script subtags cannot be registered using the process in
>       Section 3.3 of this document.  Variant subtags may be considered
>       for registration for that purpose.
>
>    Example: "de-Latn" represents German written using the Latin script.
>
>2.2.4  Region Subtag
>
>    The following rules apply to the region subtags:
>
>    o  The region subtag defines language variations used in a specific
>       region, geographic, or political area.  Region subtags MUST follow
>       any language, extended language, or script subtags and MUST
>       precede all other subtags.
>    o  All 2-character subtags following the primary subtag were defined
>       in the IANA registry according to the assignments found in ISO
>       3166 [4]--"Codes for the representation of names of countries and
>       their subdivisions - Part 1: Country codes"--alpha-2 country codes
>       or assignments subsequently made by the ISO 3166 maintenance
>       agency or governing standardization bodies.
>    o  All 3-character codes consisting of digit (numeric) characters
>       were defined in the IANA registry according to the assignments
>       found in UN Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical  Use
>       [5] or assignments subsequently made by the governing standards
>       body.  Note that not all of the UN M.49 codes are defined in the
>       IANA registry:
>       *  UN numeric codes assigned to 'macro-geographical (continental)'
>          or sub-regions not associated with an assigned ISO 3166 alpha-2
>          code _are_ defined.
>       *  UN numeric codes for 'economic groupings' or 'other groupings'
>          are _not_ defined in the IANA registry and MUST NOT be used to
>          form language tags.
>       *  Countries with ambiguous ISO 3166 alpha-2 codes as defined in
>          Section 3.2 are defined in the registry and are canonical for
>          the given country or region defined.
>       *  The alphanumeric codes in Appendix X of the UN document are
>          _not_ defined and MUST NOT be used to form language tags.  (At
>          the time this document was created these values match the ISO
>          3166 alpha-2 codes.)
>    o  There may be at most one region subtag in a language tag.
>    o  The subtags 'AA', 'QM'-'QZ', 'XA'-'XZ', and 'ZZ' are reserved for
>       private use in language tags.  These subtags correspond to codes
>       reserved by ISO 3166 for private use.  These codes MAY be used for
>       private use region subtags (instead of using a private-use subtag
>       sequence).  Please refer to Section 2.5 for more information on
>       private use subtags.
>
>    "de-Latn-CH" represents German ('de') written using the Latin script
>
>
>
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>    ('Latn') as used in Switzerland ('CH').
>
>    "sr-Latn-CS" represents Serbian ('sr') written using Latin script
>    ('Latn') as used in Serbia and Montenegro ('CS').
>
>    "es-419" represents Spanish ('es') as used in the UN-defined Latin
>    America and Caribbean region ('419').
>
>2.2.5  Variant Subtags
>
>    The following rules apply to the variant subtags:
>
>    o  Variant subtags, as a collection in the IANA registry, are not
>       associated with any external standard.  Variant subtags and their
>       meanings are defined by the registration process defined in
>       Section 3.3.
>    o  Variant subtags MUST follow all of the other defined subtags, but
>       precede any extension or private-use subtag sequences.
>    o  More than one variant MAY be used to form the language tag.
>    o  Variant subtags MUST be registered with IANA according to the
>       rules in Section 3.3 of this document before being used to form
>       language tags.  In order to distinguish variants from other types
>       of subtags, registrations must meet the following length and
>       content restrictions:
>       *  Variant subtags that begin with a letter (a-z, A-Z) MUST be at
>          least five characters long.
>       *  Variant subtags that begin with a digit (0-9) MUST be at least
>          four characters long.
>       *  The maximum length of a variant subtag is eight characters
>          long.
>
>    "en-boont" represents the Boontling dialect of English.
>
>    "de-CH-1996" represents German as used in Switzerland and as written
>    using the spelling reform beginning in the year 1996 C.E.
>
>2.2.6  Extension Subtags
>
>    The following rules apply to extensions:
>
>    o  Extension subtags are separated from the other subtags defined in
>       this document by a single-letter subtag ("singleton").  The
>       singleton MUST be one allocated to a registration authority via
>       the mechanism described in Section 3.4 and cannot be the letter
>       'x', which is reserved for private-use subtag sequences.
>    o  Note: Private-use subtag sequences starting with the singleton
>       subtag 'x' are described below.
>
>
>
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>    o  An extension MUST follow at least a primary language subtag.  That
>       is, a language tag cannot begin with an extension.  Extensions
>       extend language tags, they do not override or replace them.  For
>       example, "a-value" is not a well-formed language tag, while
>       "de-a-value" is.
>    o  Each singleton subtag MUST appear at most one time in each tag
>       (other than as a private-use subtag).  That is, singleton subtags
>       MUST NOT be repeated.  For example, the tag "en-a-bbb-a-ccc" is
>       invalid because the subtag 'a' appears twice.
>    o  Extension subtags MUST meet all of the requirements for the
>       content and format of subtags defined in this document.
>    o  Extension subtags MUST meet whatever requirements are set by the
>       document that defines their singleton prefix and whatever
>       requirements are provided by the maintaining authority.
>    o  Each extension subtag MUST be from two to eight characters long
>       and consist solely of letters or digits, with each subtag
>       separated by a single '-'.
>    o  Each singleton MUST be followed by at least one extension subtag.
>       For example, the tag "tlh-a-b-foo" is invalid because the first
>       singleton 'a' is followed immediately by another singleton 'b'.
>    o  Extension subtags MUST follow all language, extended language,
>       script, region and variant subtags in a tag.
>    o  All subtags following the singleton and before another singleton
>       are part of the extension.  Example: In the tag "fr-a-Latn", the
>       subtag 'Latn' does not represent the script subtag 'Latn' defined
>       in the IANA Language Subtag Registry.  Its meaning is defined by
>       the extension 'a'.
>    o  In the event that more than one extension appears in a single tag,
>       the tag SHOULD be canonicalized as described in Section 2.4.1.
>
>    For example, if the prefix singleton 'r' and the shown subtags were
>    defined, then the following tag would be a valid example:
>    "en-Latn-GB-boont-r-extended-sequence-x-private"
>
>2.2.7  Private Use Subtags
>
>    The following rules apply to private-use subtags:
>
>    o  Private-use subtags are separated from the other subtags defined
>       in this document by the reserved single-character subtag 'x'.
>    o  Private-use subtags MUST follow all language, extended language,
>       script, region, variant, and extension subtags in the tag.
>       Another way of saying this is that all subtags following the
>       singleton 'x' MUST be considered private use.  Example: The subtag
>       'US' in the tag "en-x-US" is a private use subtag.
>    o  Unlike Extensions, a tag MAY consist entirely of private-use
>       subtags.
>
>
>
>
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>    o  No source is defined for private use subtags.  Use of private use
>       subtags is by private agreement and SHOULD NOT be considered part
>       of this document.
>
>    For example: Users who wished to utilize SIL Ethnologue for
>    identification might agree to exchange tags such as
>    "az-Arab-x-AZE-derbend".  This example contains two private-use
>    subtags.  The first is 'AZE' and the second is 'derbend'.
>
>2.2.8  Pre-Existing RFC 3066 Registrations
>
>    Existing IANA-registered language tags from RFC 1766 and/or RFC 3066
>    that are not defined by additions to this document maintain their
>    validity.  IANA will maintain these tags in the registry under either
>    the "grandfathered" or "redundant" type.  For more information see
>    Appendix C.
>
>    It is important to note that all language tags formed under the
>    guidelines in this document were either legal, well-formed tags or
>    were valid for potential registration under RFC 3066.
>
>2.2.9  Possibilities for Registration
>
>    Possibilities for registration of subtags include:
>
>    o  Primary language subtags for languages not listed in ISO 639 that
>       are not variants of any listed or registered language, can be
>       registered.  At the time this document was created there were no
>       examples of this form of subtag.  Before attempting to register a
>       language subtag, there MUST be an attempt to register the language
>       with ISO 639.  No language subtags will be registered for codes
>       that exist in ISO 639-1 or ISO 639-2, which are under
>       consideration by the ISO 639 maintenance or registration
>       authorities, or which have never been attempted for registration
>       with those authorities.  If ISO 639 has previously rejected a
>       language for registration, it is reasonable to assume that there
>       MUST be additional very compelling evidence of need before it will
>       be registered in the IANA registry (to the extent that it is very
>       unlikely that any subtags will be registered of this type).
>    o  Dialect or other divisions or variations within a language, its
>       orthography, writing system, regional variation, or historical
>       usage may be registered as variant subtags.  An example is the
>       'scouse' subtag (the Scouse dialect of English).
>
>    This document leaves the decision on what subtags are appropriate or
>    not to the registration process described in Section 3.3.
>
>    ISO 639 defines a maintenance agency for additions to and changes in
>
>
>
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>    the list of languages in ISO 639.  This agency is:
>
>    International Information Centre for Terminology (Infoterm)
>    Aichholzgasse 6/12, AT-1120
>    Wien, Austria
>    Phone: +43 1 26 75 35 Ext.  312 Fax: +43 1 216 32 72
>
>    ISO 639-2 defines a maintenance agency for additions to and changes
>    in the list of languages in ISO 639-2.  This agency is:
>
>    Library of Congress
>    Network Development and MARC Standards Office
>    Washington, D.C.  20540 USA
>    Phone: +1 202 707 6237  Fax: +1 202 707 0115
>    URL: http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639
>
>    The maintenance agency for ISO 3166 (country codes) is:
>
>    ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency
>    c/o International Organization for Standardization
>    Case postale 56
>    CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland
>    Phone: +41 22 749 72 33  Fax: +41 22 749 73 49
>    URL: http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html
>
>    The registration authority for ISO 15924 (script codes) is:
>
>    Unicode Consortium Box 391476
>    Mountain View, CA 94039-1476, USA
>    URL: http://www.unicode.org/iso15924
>
>    The Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat maintains
>    the Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use and can be
>    reached at:
>
>    Statistical Services Branch
>    Statistics Division
>    United Nations, Room DC2-1620
>    New York, NY 10017, USA
>
>    Fax: +1-212-963-0623
>    E-mail: statistics@un.org
>    URL: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49alpha.htm
>
>2.2.10  Classes of Conformance
>
>    Implementations may wish to express their level of conformance with
>    the rules and practices described in this document.  There are
>
>
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>    generally two classes of conforming implementations: "well-formed"
>    processors and "validating" processors.  Claims of conformance SHOULD
>    explicitly reference one of these definitions.
>
>    An implementation that claims to check for well-formed language tags
>    MUST:
>    o  Check that the tag and all of its subtags, including extension and
>       private-use subtags, conform to the ABNF or that the tag is on the
>       list of grandfathered tags.
>    o  Check that singleton subtags that identify extensions do not
>       repeat.  For example, the tag "en-a-xx-b-yy-a-zz" is not
>       well-formed.
>
>    Well-formed processors are strongly encouraged to implement the
>    canonicalization rules contained in Section 2.4.1.
>
>    An implementation that claims to be validating MUST:
>    o  Check that the tag is well-formed.
>    o  Specify the particular registry date for which the implementation
>       performs validation of subtags.
>    o  Check that either the tag is a grandfathered tag, or that all
>       language, script, region, and variant subtags consist of valid
>       codes for use in language tags according to the IANA registry as
>       of the particular date specified by the implementation.
>    o  Specify which, if any, extension RFCs as defined in Section 3.4
>       are supported, including version, revision, and date.
>    o  For any such extensions supported, check that all subtags used in
>       that extension are valid.
>    o  If the processor generates tags, it MUST do so in canonical form,
>       including any supported extensions, as defined in Section 2.4.1.
>
>2.3  Choice of Language Tag
>
>    One may occasionally be faced with several possible tags for the same
>    body of text.
>
>    Interoperability is best served when all users use the same language
>    tag in order to represent the same language.  If an application has
>    requirements that make the rules here inapplicable, then that
>    application risks damaging interoperability.  It is STRONGLY
>    RECOMMENDED that users not define their own rules for language tag
>    choice.
>
>    Standards, protocols and applications that reference this document
>    normatively but apply different rules to the ones given in this
>    section MUST specify how the procedure varies from the one given
>    here.
>
>
>
>
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>    1.  Use as precise a tag as possible, but no more specific than is
>        justified.  For example, 'de' might suffice for tagging an email
>        written in German, while "de-CH-1996" is probably unnecessarily
>        precise for such a task.
>    2.  Avoid using subtags that are not important for distinguishing
>        content in an application.  For example, including the script
>        subtag in "en-Latn-US" is generally unnecessary, since nearly all
>        English texts are written in the Latin script and it is generally
>        not important to filter out those few that are not.
>    3.  Use the canonical subtag from the IANA registry in preference to
>        any of its aliases.  For example, you should use 'he' for Hebrew
>        in preference to 'iw'.
>    4.  You SHOULD NOT use the 'UND' (Undetermined) language subtag to
>        label content, even if the language is unknown.  Omitting the tag
>        is preferred.  Some protocols may force you to give a value for
>        the language tag and the 'UND' subtag may be useful when matching
>        language tags in certain situations.
>    5.  You SHOULD NOT use the 'MUL' (Multiple) subtag if the protocol
>        allows you to use multiple languages, as is the case for the
>        Content-Language header in HTTP.
>    6.  You SHOULD NOT use the same variant subtag more than once within
>        a language tag.  For example, you should not use
>        "en-US-boont-boont".
>
>    To ensure consistent backward compatibility, this document contains
>    several provisions to account for potential instability in the
>    standards used to define the subtags that make up language tags.
>    These provisions mean that no language tag created under the rules in
>    this document will become obsolete.  In addition, tags that are in
>    canonical form will always be in canonical form.
>
>2.4  Meaning of the Language Tag
>
>    The language tag always defines a language as spoken (or written,
>    signed or otherwise signaled) by human beings for communication of
>    information to other human beings.  Computer languages such as
>    programming languages are explicitly excluded.
>
>    If a language tag B contains language tag A as a prefix, then B is
>    typically "narrower" or "more specific" than A.  For example,
>    "zh-Hant-TW" is more specific than "zh-Hant".
>
>    This relationship is not guaranteed in all cases: specifically,
>    languages that begin with the same sequence of subtags are NOT
>    guaranteed to be mutually intelligible, although they may be.  For
>    example, the tag "az" shares a prefix with both "az-Latn"
>    (Azerbaijani written using the Latin script) and "az-Cyrl"
>    (Azerbaijani written using the Cyrillic script).  A person fluent in
>
>
>
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>    one script may not be able to read the other, even though the text
>    might be identical.  Content tagged as "az" most probably is written
>    in just one script and thus might not be intelligible to a reader
>    familiar with the other script.
>
>    The relationship between the tag and the information it relates to is
>    defined by the standard describing the context in which it appears.
>    Accordingly, this section can only give possible examples of its
>    usage.
>    o  For a single information object, the associated language tags
>       might be interpreted as the set of languages that is required for
>       a complete comprehension of the complete object.  Example: Plain
>       text documents.
>    o  For an aggregation of information objects, the associated language
>       tags could be taken as the set of languages used inside components
>       of that aggregation.  Examples: Document stores and libraries.
>    o  For information objects whose purpose is to provide alternatives,
>       the associated language tags could be regarded as a hint that the
>       content is provided in several languages, and that one has to
>       inspect each of the alternatives in order to find its language or
>       languages.  In this case, the presence of multiple tags might not
>       mean that one needs to be multi-lingual to get complete
>       understanding of the document.  Example: MIME
>       multipart/alternative.
>    o  In markup languages, such as HTML and XML, language information
>       can be added to each part of the document identified by the markup
>       structure (including the whole document itself).  For example, one
>       could write <span lang="FR">C'est la vie.</span> inside a
>       Norwegian document; the Norwegian-speaking user could then access
>       a French-Norwegian dictionary to find out what the marked section
>       meant.  If the user were listening to that document through a
>       speech synthesis interface, this formation could be used to signal
>       the synthesizer to appropriately apply French text-to-speech
>       pronunciation rules to that span of text, instead of misapplying
>       the Norwegian rules.
>
>2.4.1  Canonicalization of Language Tags
>
>    Since a particular language tag may be used in many processes,
>    language tags SHOULD always be created or generated in a canonical
>    form.
>
>    A language tag is in canonical form when:
>    1.  The tag is well-formed according the rules in Section 2.1 and
>        Section 2.2.
>    2.  None of the subtags in the language tag has a canonical_value
>        mapping in the IANA registry (see Section 3.1).  Subtags with a
>        canonical_value mapping MUST be replaced with their mapping in
>
>
>
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>        order to canonicalize the tag.
>    3.  If more than one extension subtag sequence exists, the extension
>        sequences are ordered into case-insensitive ASCII order by
>        singleton subtag.
>
>    Example: The language tag "en-A-aaa-B-ccc-bbb-x-xyz" is in canonical
>    form, while "en-B-ccc-bbb-A-aaa-X-xyz" is well-formed but not in
>    canonical form.
>
>    Example: The language tag "en-NH" (English as used in the New
>    Hebrides) is not canonical because the 'NH' subtag has a canonical
>    mapping to 'VU' (Vanuatu).
>
>    Note: Canonicalization of language tags does not imply anything about
>    the use of upper or lowercase letter in subtags as described in
>    Section 2.1.  All comparisons MUST be performed in a case-insensitive
>    manner.
>
>    Note: the value "--" in the canonical_value field of the registry
>    indicates a tag or subtag that has been deprecated and for which no
>    replacement or canonical equivalent has been assigned.  Validating
>    processors SHOULD NOT generate tags that include these values.
>
>    An extension MUST define any relationships that may exist between the
>    various subtags in the extension and thus MAY define an alternate
>    canonicalization scheme for the extension's subtags.  Extensions MAY
>    define how the order of the extension's subtags are interpreted.  For
>    example, an extension could define that its subtags are in canonical
>    order when the subtags are placed into ASCII order: that is,
>    "en-a-aaa-bbb-ccc" instead of "en-a-ccc-bbb-aaa".  Another extension
>    might define that the order of the subtags influences their semantic
>    meaning (so that "en-b-ccc-bbb-aaa" has a different value from
>    "en-b-aaa-bbb-ccc").  However, extension specifications SHOULD be
>    designed so that they are tolerant of the typical processes described
>    in Section 3.4.
>
>2.5  Considerations for Private Use Subtags
>
>    Private-use subtags require private agreement between the parties
>    that intend to use or exchange language tags that use them and great
>    caution should be used in employing them in content or protocols
>    intended for general use.  Private-use subtags are simply useless for
>    information exchange without prior arrangement.
>
>    The value and semantic meaning of private-use tags and of the subtags
>    used within such a language tag are not defined by this document.
>
>    The use of subtags defined in the IANA registry as having a specific
>
>
>
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>    private use meaning convey more information that a purely private use
>    tag prefixed by the singleton subtag 'x'.  For applications this
>    additional information may be useful.
>
>    For example, the region subtags 'AA', 'ZZ' and in the ranges
>    'QM'-'QZ' and 'XA'-'XZ' (derived from ISO 3166 private use codes) may
>    be used to form a language tag.  A tag such as "zh-Hans-XQ" conveys a
>    great deal of public, interchangeable information about the language
>    material (that it is Chinese in the simplified Chinese script and is
>    suitable for some geographic region 'XQ').  While the precise
>    geographic region is not known outside of private agreement, the tag
>    conveys far more information than an opaque tag such as "x-someLang",
>    which contains no information about the language subtag or script
>    subtag outside of the private agreement.
>
>    However, in some cases content tagged with private use subtags may
>    interact with other systems in a different and possibly unsuitable
>    manner compared to tags that use opaque, privately defined subtags,
>    so the choice of the best approach may depend on the particular
>    domain in question.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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>3.  IANA Considerations
>
>    This section deals with the processes and requirements necessary to
>    maintain the registry of subtags and extensions for use in language
>    tags as defined by this document and in accordance with the
>    requirements of RFC 2434 [15].
>
>    The language subtag registry will be maintained so that, except for
>    extension subtags, it is possible to validate all of the subtags that
>    appear in a language tag under the provisions of this document or its
>    revisions or successors.  In addition, the meaning of the various
>    subtags will be unambiguous and stable over time.  (The meaning of
>    private-use subtags, of course, is not defined by the IANA registry.)
>
>    The registry defined under this document contains a comprehensive
>    list of all of the subtags valid in language tags.  This allows
>    implementers a straightforward and reliable way to validate language
>    tags.
>
>3.1  Format of the IANA Language Subtag Registry
>
>    The IANA Language Subtag Registry will consist of a text file that is
>    machine readable in the format described in this section, plus copies
>    of the registration forms approved by the Language Subtag Reviewer in
>    accordance with the process described in Section 3.3.  With the
>    exception of the registration forms for grandfathered and redundant
>    tags, no registration records will be maintained for the initial set
>    of subtags.
>
>    Each record in the subtag registry will consist of a series of fields
>    separated by the symbol "|" (%x7D) and terminated by a newline.  Text
>    appearing after the symbol "#" (%x23) contains comments.  Whitespace
>    surrounding fields in the file is ignored.  If a field contains more
>    than one value, the values are separated by semicolons (%x3B).
>
>    There is a single date record at the start of the file which
>    indicates the most recent modification date of the file.  It has two
>    fields: the type field is "date", and the second field is the
>    modification date, in the "full-date" format specified in RFC 3339
>    [20].  For example: 2004-06-28 represents June 28, 2004 in the
>    Gregorian calendar:
>       date | 2004-06-28
>
>    The fields in each subtag record, in order, are:
>       type| subtag| description| date| canonical_value|
>       recommended_prefix # comments
>
>
>
>
>
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>    o  The character "vertical line" ("|", %x7D) delimits each of the
>       fields.
>    o  Empty fields (and their separators) at the end of the record may
>       be omitted.
>    o  Leading or trailing whitespace in each field is not part of the
>       content.
>    o  When the type is "grandfathered" or "redundant", then the subtag
>       field is actually a whole tag.
>    o  The "recommended_prefix" field is empty, except where the type is
>       "variant"
>    o  The "comments" field  is optional and appears only at the end of a
>       record, following a "number sign" ("#", %x23).
>    o  The sequence '..' denotes a range of values.  Such a range
>       represents all subtags of the same length that are alphabetically
>       within that range, including the values explicitly mentioned.  For
>       example 'a..c' denotes the values 'a', 'b', and 'c'.
>
>    The field 'type' MUST consist of one of the following strings:
>    "language", "extlang", "script", "region", "variant",
>    "grandfathered", and "redundant" and denotes the type of subtag (or
>    tag, in the case of "grandfathered" and "redundant").
>
>    The field 'subtag' contains the subtag being defined.
>
>    The field 'description' contains a description of the subtag
>    transcribed into ASCII.
>
>    Note: Descriptions in registry entries that correspond to ISO 639,
>    ISO 15924,  ISO 3166 or UN M.49 codes are intended only to indicate
>    the meaning of that identifier as defined in the source standard at
>    the time it was added to the registry.  The description does not
>    replace the content of the source standard itself.  The descriptions
>    are not intended to be the English localized names for the subtags
>    and localization or translation of language tag and subtag
>    descriptions is out of scope of this document.
>
>    The field 'date' contains the date the record was added to the
>    registry in the "full-date" format specified in RFC 3339 [20].  For
>    example: 2004-06-28 represents June 28, 2004, in the Gregorian
>    calendar.
>
>    The field 'canonical value' represents a canonical mapping of this
>    record to a subtag record of the same 'type', except for records of
>    type "grandfathered" and "redundant".  This field SHALL NOT be
>    modified (except for records of type "grandfathered"): therefore a
>    subtag whose record contains no canonical mapping when the record is
>    created is a canonical form and will remain so.  The 'canonical
>    value' field in records of type "grandfathered" and "redundant"
>
>
>
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>
>    contain whole language tags that are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED for use in
>    place of the record's value.  In many cases the mappings were created
>    by deprecation of the tags during the period before this document was
>    adopted.  For example, the tag "no-nyn" was deprecated in favor of
>    the ISO 639-1 defined language code 'nn'.
>
>    The value "--" in the 'canonical value' field means that the tag or
>    subtag has been deprecated and that no replacement value has been
>    assigned.  For example, the "region" code 'BQ' (British Antarctic
>    Territory) was withdrawn by ISO 3166 in 1979.  Although valid in
>    language tags, it is deprecated and validating processors SHOULD NOT
>    generate this subtag.
>
>    The field 'recommended prefix' is for use with registered variants
>    and contains a semicolon separated list of language-ranges considered
>    most appropriate for use with this subtag.  Additional values can be
>    added to this field for variants only via additional registration.
>    Other modification of this field (such as removing or changing
>    values) is not permitted.
>
>    The field 'comments' may contain additional information about the
>    subtag, as deemed appropriate for understanding the registry and
>    implementing language tags using the various subtags.  These values
>    can be changed via the registration process and no guarantee of
>    stability is provided.
>
>
>    # IANA Language Subtag Registry
>    # This registry lists all valid subtags for language tags
>    # created under RFC XXXX.
>    date| 2004-08-07
>
>    # language codes: ISO 639 and registered codes
>
>    # ISO 639-1 (alpha-2) codes
>    language| aa| Afar| 2004-07-06| |
>    language| ab| Abkhazian| 2004-07-06| |
>    language| ae| Avestan| 2004-07-06| |
>    language| he| hebrew| 2004-06-28| |
>    language| iw| hebrew| 2004-06-28| he | #note mapping
>    language| qaa..qtz| PRIVATE USE| 2004-07-06| |
>    language| raj| Rajasthani| 2004-07-06| |
>    language| seuss| Hypothetical Language| 2005-04-01 | |# registered 
> language
>
>    # script codes: ISO 15924
>
>    script| Arab| Arabic| 2004-07-06| |
>    script| Armn| Armenian| 2004-07-06| |
>
>
>
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>    script| Bali| Balinese| 2004-07-06| |
>    # region codes: ISO 3166 and UN codes
>
>    # ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes
>
>    region| AA| PRIVATE USE| 2004-08-01| |
>    region| AD| Andorra| 2004-07-06| |
>    region| AE| United Arab Emirates| 2004-07-06| |
>    region| AF| Afghanistan| 2004-07-06| |
>    region| BQ| British Antarctic Territory | 2004-07-06 | -- | # 
> deprecated 1979
>    region| CS| Serbia and Montenegro| 2003-07-23| |
>    region| YU| Yugoslavia| 2004-06-28| |
>
>    # United Nations M.49 numeric codes
>    region| 001| World| 2004-07-06| |
>    region| 002| Africa| 2004-07-06| |
>    region| 003| North America| 2004-07-06| |
>    region| 005| South America| 2004-07-06| |
>    region| 200| Czechoslovakia| 2004-07-06| | #formerly used code CS
>
>    ## registered variants
>
>    variant| boont| Boontling| 2003-02-14| | en
>    variant| gaulish| Gaulish| 2001-05-25| | cel
>    variant| guoyu| Mandarin or Standard Chinese| 1999-12-18| | zh
>
>    # grandfathered from RFC 3066
>
>    grandfathered| en-GB-oed| English, Oxford English Dictionary spelling| 
> 2003-07-09| |
>    grandfathered| i-ami| Amis| 1999-05-25| |
>    grandfathered| i-bnn| Bunun| 1999-05-25| |
>    grandfathered| art-lojban| Lojban| 2001-11-11|jbo |  # deprecated in 
> favor of 'jbo'
>
>    # redundant
>    # The following codes were registered as complete tags, but can now be
>    # composed of registered subtags and do not require registration.
>
>    redundant| az-Arab| Azerbaijani in Arabic script| 2003-05-30| |  # use 
> language az + script Arab
>    redundant| az-Cyrl| Azerbaijani in Cyrillic script| 2003-05-30| |  # 
> use language az + script Cyrl
>    redundant| en-boont| Boontling| 2003-02-14| |  # use language en + 
> variant boont
>
>                 Figure 2: Example of the Registry Format
>
>    Maintenance of the registry requires that as new codes are assigned
>    by ISO 639, ISO 15924, and ISO 3166, the Language Subtag Reviewer
>    will evaluate each assignment, determine whether it conflicts with
>    existing registry entries, and submit the information to IANA for
>    inclusion in the registry.
>
>
>
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>    Note: The redundant and grandfathered entries together are the
>    complete list of tags registered under RFC 3066 [18].  The redundant
>    tags are those that can now be formed using the subtags defined in
>    Section 2.2.  The grandfathered entries are those that can never be
>    legal under those same provisions.  The items in both lists are
>    permanent and stable, although grandfathered items may be deprecated
>    over time.  Refer to Appendix C for more information.
>
>    RFC 3066 tags that were deprecated prior to the adoption of this
>    document are part of the list of grandfathered tags and their
>    component subtags were not included as registered variants (although
>    they remain eligible for registration).  For example, the tag
>    "art-lojban" was deprecated in favor of the language subtag 'jbo'.
>
>    The Language Subtag Reviewer MUST ensure that new subtags meet the
>    requirements in Section 2.3 or submit an appropriate alternate subtag
>    as described in that section.  She or he will use the following form
>    to submit this information:
>
>    LANGUAGE SUBTAG REGISTRATION FORM (NEW RECORD)
>    Record Text:
>    Type:
>    Subtag:
>    Description:
>    Date:
>    Canonical Mapping:
>    Recommended Prefix:
>    Comments:
>
>                                 Figure 3
>
>    The field 'record text' contains the exact record that IANA is to
>    insert into the Language Subtag Registry.  The contents of the
>    remaining fields must exactly match those in this field.
>
>    Whenever an entry is created or modified in the registry, the 'date'
>    record at the start of the registry is updated to reflect the most
>    recent modification date in the RFC 3339 [20] "full-date" format.
>
>3.2  Stability of IANA Registry Entries
>
>    The stability of entries and their meaning in the registry is
>    critical to the long term stability of language tags.  The rules in
>    this section guarantee that a specific language tag's meaning is
>    stable over time and will not change and that the choice of language
>    tag for specific content is also stable over time.
>
>    These rules specifically deal with how changes to codes (including
>
>
>
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>    withdrawal and deprecation of codes) maintained by ISO 639, ISO
>    15924, ISO 3166, and UN M.49 are reflected in the IANA Language
>    Subtag Registry.  Assignments to the IANA Language Subtag Registry
>    MUST follow the following stability rules:
>    o  Values in the fields 'type', 'subtag', 'date' and 'canonical
>       value' MUST NOT be changed and are guaranteed to be stable over
>       time.
>    o  Values in the 'description' field MUST NOT be changed in a way
>       that would invalidate previously-existing tags.  They may be
>       broadened somewhat in scope, changed to add information, or
>       adapted to the most common modern usage.  For example, countries
>       occasionally change their official names: an historical example of
>       this would be "Upper Volta" changing to "Burkina Faso".
>    o  Values in the field 'recommended prefix' MAY be added via the
>       registration process.
>    o  Values in the field 'recommended prefix' MAY be modified, so long
>       as the modifications broaden the set of recommended prefixes.
>       That is, a recommended prefix MAY be replaced by one of its own
>       prefixes.  For example, the prefix "en-US" could be replaced by
>       "en", but not by the ranges "en-Latn", "fr", or "en-US-boont".
>    o  Values in the field 'recommended prefix' MUST NOT be removed.
>    o  The field 'comments' MAY be added, changed, modified, or removed
>       via the registration process or any of the processes or
>       considerations described in this section.
>    o  Codes assigned by ISO 639, ISO 15924, and ISO 3166 that do not
>       conflict with existing subtags of the associated type and whose
>       meaning is not the same as an existing subtag of the same type are
>       entered into the IANA registry as new records and their value is
>       canonical for the meaning assigned to them.
>    o  Codes assigned by ISO 639, ISO 15924, or ISO 3166 that are
>       withdrawn by their respective maintenance or registration
>       authority remain valid in language tags.  The registration process
>       MAY be used to add a note indicating the withdrawal of the code by
>       the respective standard.
>    o  Codes assigned by ISO 639, ISO 15924, or ISO 3166 that do not
>       conflict with existing subtags of the associated type but which
>       represent the same meaning as an existing subtag of that type are
>       entered into the IANA registry as new records.  The field
>       'canonical value' for that record MUST contain the existing subtag
>       of the same meaning
>       Example If ISO 3166 were to assign the code 'IM' to represent the
>          value "Isle of Man" (represented in the IANA registry by the UN
>          M.49 code '833'), '833' remains the canonical subtag and 'IM'
>          would be assigned '833' as a canonical value.  This prevents
>          tags that are in canonical form from becoming non-canonical.
>
>
>
>
>
>
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>       Example If the tag 'enochian' were registered as a primary
>          language subtag and ISO 639 subsequently assigned an alpha-3
>          code to the same language, the new ISO 639 code would be
>          entered into the IANA registry as a subtag with a canonical
>          mapping to 'enochian'.  The new ISO code can be used, but it is
>          not canonical.
>    o  Codes assigned by ISO 639, ISO 15924, or ISO 3166 that conflict
>       with existing subtags of the associated type MUST NOT be entered
>       into the registry.  The following additional considerations apply:
>       *  For ISO 639 codes, if the newly assigned code's meaning is not
>          represented by a subtag in the IANA registry, the Language
>          Subtag Reviewer, as described in Section 3.3, shall prepare a
>          proposal for entering in the IANA registry as soon as practical
>          a registered language subtag as an alternate value for the new
>          code.  The form of the registered language subtag will be at
>          the discretion of the Language Subtag Reviewer and must conform
>          to other restrictions on language subtags in this document.
>       *  For all subtags whose meaning is derived from an external
>          standard (i.e.  ISO 639, ISO 15924, ISO 3166, or UN M.49), if a
>          new meaning is assigned to an existing code and the new meaning
>          broadens the meaning of that code, then the meaning for the
>          associated subtag MAY be changed to match.  The meaning of a
>          subtag MUST NOT be narrowed, however, as this can result in an
>          unknown proportion of the existing uses of a subtag becoming
>          invalid.  Note: ISO 639 MA/RA has adopted a similar stability
>          policy.
>       *  For ISO 15924 codes, if the newly assigned code's meaning is
>          not represented by a subtag in the IANA registry, the Language
>          Subtag Reviewer, as described in Section 3.3, shall prepare a
>          proposal for entering in the IANA registry as soon as practical
>          a registered variant subtag as an alternate value for the new
>          code.  The form of the registered variant subtag will be at the
>          discretion of the Language Subtag Reviewer and must conform to
>          other restrictions on variant subtags in this document.
>       *  For ISO 3166 codes, if the newly assigned code's meaning is
>          associated with the same UN M.49 code as another 'region'
>          subtag, then the existing region subtag remains as the
>          canonical entry for that region and no new entry is created.  A
>          note MAY be added to the existing region subtag indicating the
>          relationship to the new ISO 3166 code.
>       *  For ISO 3166 codes, if the newly assigned code's meaning is
>          associated with a UN M.49 code that is not represented by an
>          existing region subtag, then then the Language Subtag Reviewer,
>          as described in Section 3.3, shall prepare a proposal for
>          entering the appropriate numeric UN country code as an entry in
>          the IANA registry.
>       *  For ISO 3166 codes, if there is no associated UN numeric code,
>          then the Language Subtag Reviewer SHALL petition the UN to
>
>
>
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>          create one.  If there is no response from the UN within ninety
>          days of the request being sent, the Language Subtag Reviewer
>          shall prepare a proposal for entering in the IANA registry as
>          soon as practical a registered variant subtag as an alternate
>          value for the new code.  The form of the registered variant
>          subtag will be at the discretion of the Language Subtag
>          Reviewer and must conform to other restrictions on variant
>          subtags in this document.  This situation is very unlikely to
>          ever occur.
>    o  Stability provisions apply to grandfathered tags with this
>       exception: should all of the subtags in a grandfathered tag become
>       valid subtags in the IANA registry, then the grandfathered tag
>       MUST be marked as redundant.  Note that this will not affect
>       language tags that match the grandfathered tag, since these tags
>       will now match valid generative subtag sequences.  For example, if
>       the subtag 'gan' in the language tag "zh-gan" were to be
>       registered as an extended language subtag, then the grandfathered
>       tag "zh-gan" would be deprecated (but existing content or
>       implementations that use "zh-gan" would remain valid).
>
>    Language tags formed under RFC 3066 that use the region subtag 'CS'
>    were ambiguous, since tags produced before 2003 used that code for
>    the (now dissolved) country Czechoslovakia.  ISO 3166 assigned this
>    code to the country Serbia and Montenegro in 2003 and this draft
>    makes that the canonical value for this subtag.  To form a language
>    tag for the region Czechoslovakia, the UN M.49 code '200' is included
>    in the registry.  As a practical matter, applications that encounter
>    the RFC 3066 tag "cs-CS" or "sk-CS" MAY wish to convert that to
>    "cs-200" or "sk-200" (or use one of the successor region subtags,
>    such as 'CZ' or 'SK'), since that is the most likely interpretation.
>
>3.3  Registration Procedure for Subtags
>
>    The procedure given here MUST be used by anyone who wants to use a
>    subtag not currently in the IANA Language Subtag Registry.
>
>    Only primary language and variant subtags will be considered for
>    independent registration.  (Subtags required for stability and
>    subtags required to keep the registry synchronized with ISO 639, ISO
>    15924, ISO 3166, and UN M.49 within the limits defined by this
>    document are the only exceptions to this.  See Section 3.2.)
>
>    This procedure MAY also be used to register or alter the information
>    for the "description", "note", or "recommended prefix" fields in a
>    subtag's record as described in Figure 2.  Changes to all other
>    fields in the IANA registry are NOT permitted.
>
>    If registering a new language subtag, the process starts by filling
>
>
>
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>    out the registration form reproduced below.  Note that each response
>    is not limited in size and should take the room necessary to
>    adequately describe the registration.
>
>    LANGUAGE SUBTAG REGISTRATION FORM
>    1. Name of requester:
>    2. E-mail address of requester:
>    3. Subtag to be registered:
>    4. Type of Registration:
>       [ ] language
>       [ ] variant
>    5. Description of subtag (in English or transcribed into ASCII):
>    6. Intended meaning of the subtag:
>    7. Recommended prefix(es) of subtag (for variants):
>    8. Native name of the language or variation (transcribed into ASCII):
>    9. Reference to published description of the language (book or article):
>    10. Any other relevant information:
>
>                                 Figure 4
>
>    The subtag registration form MUST be sent to
>    <ietf-languages@iana.org> for a two week review period before it can
>    be submitted to IANA.  (This is an open list.  Requests to be added
>    should be sent to <ietf-languages-request@iana.org>.)
>
>    Variant subtags are generally registered for use with a particular
>    range of language tags.  For example, the subtag 'boont' is intended
>    for use with language tags that start with the primary language
>    subtag "en", since Boontling is a dialect of English.  Thus the
>    subtag 'boont' could be included in tags such as "en-Latn-boont" or
>    "en-US-boont".  This information is stored in the "recommended
>    prefix" field in the registry and MUST be provided in the
>    registration form.
>
>    Any subtag MAY be incorporated into a variety of language tags,
>    according to the rules of Section 2.1, including tags that do not
>    match any of the recommended prefixes of the registered subtag.
>    (Note that this is probably a poor choice.) This makes validation
>    simpler and thus more uniform across implementations, and does not
>    require the registration of a separate subtag for the same purpose
>    and meaning but a different recommended prefix.
>
>    The recommended prefixes for a given registered subtag will be
>    maintained in the IANA registry as a guide to usage.  If it is
>    necessary to add an additional prefix to that list for an existing
>    language tag, that can be done by filing an additional registration
>    form.  In that form, the "Any other relevant information:" field
>    should indicate that it is the addition of an additional recommended
>
>
>
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>    prefix.
>
>    Requests to add a recommended prefix to a subtag that imply a
>    different semantic meaning will probably be rejected.  For example, a
>    request to add the prefix "de" to the subtag 'nedis' so that the tag
>    "de-nedis" represented some German dialect would be rejected.  The
>    'nedis' subtag represents a particular Slovenian dialect and the
>    additional registration would change the semantic meaning assigned to
>    the subtag.  A separate subtag should be proposed instead.
>
>    The Language Subtag Reviewer is responsible for responding to
>    requests for the registration of subtags through the registration
>    process  and is appointed by the IESG.
>
>    When the two week period has passed the Language Subtag Reviewer
>    either forwards the request to iana@iana.org, or rejects it because
>    of significant objections raised on the list or due to problems with
>    constraints in this document (which should be explicitly cited).  The
>    reviewer may also extend the review period in two week increments to
>    permit further discussion.  The reviewer must indicate on the list
>    whether the registration has been accepted, rejected, or extended
>    following each two week period.
>
>    Note that the reviewer can raise objections on the list if he or she
>    so desires.  The important thing is that the objection must be made
>    publicly.
>
>    The applicant is free to modify a rejected application with
>    additional information and submit it again; this restarts the two
>    week comment period.
>
>    Decisions made by the reviewer may be appealed to the IESG [RFC 2028]
>    [10] under the same rules as other IETF decisions [RFC 2026] [21].
>
>    All approved registration forms are available online in the directory
>    http://www.iana.org/numbers.html under "languages".
>
>    Updates of registrations follow the same procedure as registrations.
>    The subtag reviewer decides whether to allow a new registrant to
>    update a registration made by someone else; normally objections by
>    the original registrant would carry extra weight in such a decision.
>
>    Registrations are permanent and stable.  Once registered, subtags
>    will not be removed from the registry and will remain the canonical
>    method of referring to a specific language or variant.  This
>    provision does not apply to grandfathered tags, which may become
>    deprecated due to registration of subtags.  For example, the tag
>    "i-navajo" is deprecated in favor of the ISO 639-1 based subtag 'nv'.
>
>
>
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>    Note: The purpose of the "published description" in the registration
>    form is intended as an aid to people trying to verify whether a
>    language is registered or what language or language variation a
>    particular subtag refers to.  In most cases, reference to an
>    authoritative grammar or dictionary of that language will be useful;
>    in cases where no such work exists, other well known works describing
>    that language or in that language may be appropriate.  The subtag
>    reviewer decides what constitutes "good enough" reference material.
>    This requirement is not intended to exclude particular languages or
>    dialects due to the size of the speaker population or lack of a
>    standardized orthography.  Minority languages will be considered
>    equally on their own merits.
>
>3.4  Extensions and Extensions Namespace
>
>    Extension subtags are those introduced by single-letter subtags other
>    than 'x-'.  They are reserved for the generation of identifiers which
>    contain a language component, and are compatible with applications
>    that process language tags according to this specification.  For
>    example, they might be used to define locale identifiers, which are
>    generally based on language.
>
>    The structure and form of extensions are defined by this document so
>    that implementations can be created that are forward compatible with
>    applications that may be created using single-letter subtags in the
>    future.  In addition, defining a mechanism for maintaining
>    single-letter subtags will lend to the stability of this document by
>    reducing the likely need for future revisions or updates.
>
>    IANA will maintain a registry of allocated single-letter subtags.
>    This registry contains the following information: letter identifier;
>    name; purpose; RFC defining the subtag namespace and its use; and the
>    name, URL, and email address of the maintaining authority.
>
>    Allocation of a single-letter subtag shall take the form of an RFC
>    defining the name, purpose, processes, and procedures for maintaining
>    the subtags.  The maintaining or registering authority, including
>    name, contact email, discussion list email, and URL location of the
>    registry must be indicated clearly in the RFC.  The RFC MUST specify
>    each of the following:
>    o  The specification MUST reference the specific version or revision
>       of this document that govern its creation and MUST reference this
>       section of this document.
>    o  The specification and all subtags defined by the specification
>       MUST follow the ABNF and other rules for the formation of tags and
>       subtags as defined in this document.  In particular it MUST
>       specify that case is not significant.
>
>
>
>
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>    o  The specification MUST specify a canonical representation.
>    o  The specification of valid subtags MUST be available over the
>       Internet and at no cost.
>    o  The specification MUST be in the public domain or available via a
>       royalty-free license acceptable to the IETF and specified in the
>       RFC.
>    o  The specification MUST be versioned and each version of the
>       specification MUST be numbered, dated, and stable.
>    o  The specification MUST be stable.  That is, extension subtags,
>       once defined by a specification, MUST NOT be retracted or change
>       in meaning in any substantial way.
>    o  IANA MUST be informed of changes to the contact information and
>       URL for the specification.
>
>    The determination of whether an Internet-Draft meets the above
>    conditions and the decision to grant or withhold such authority rests
>    solely with the IESG, and is subject to the normal review and appeals
>    process associated with the RFC process.
>
>    Extension authors are strongly cautioned that many (including most
>    well-formed) processors will be unaware of any special relationships
>    or meaning inherent in the order of extension subtags.  Extension
>    authors SHOULD avoid subtag relationships or canonicalization
>    mechanisms that interfere with matching or with length restrictions
>    that may exist in common protocols where the extension is used.  In
>    particular, applications may truncate the subtags in doing matching
>    or in fitting into limited lengths, so it is RECOMMENDED that the
>    most significant information be in the most significant (left-most)
>    subtags, and that the specification gracefully handle truncated
>    subtags.
>
>    When a language tag is to be used in a specific, known, protocol, it
>    is RECOMMENDED that that the language tag not contain extensions not
>    supported by that protocol.  In addition, it should be noted that
>    some protocols may impose upper limits on the length of the strings
>    used to store or transport the language tag.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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>4.  Security Considerations
>
>    The only security issue that has been raised with language tags since
>    the publication of RFC 1766, which stated that "Security issues are
>    believed to be irrelevant to this memo", is a concern with language
>    identifiers used in content negotiation - that they may be used to
>    infer the nationality of the sender, and thus identify potential
>    targets for surveillance.
>
>    This is a special case of the general problem that anything you send
>    is visible to the receiving party.  It is useful to be aware that
>    such concerns can exist in some cases.
>
>    The evaluation of the exact magnitude of the threat, and any possible
>    countermeasures, is left to each application protocol.
>
>    Although the specification of valid subtags for an extension MUST be
>    available over the Internet, implementations SHOULD NOT mechanically
>    depend on it being always accessible, to prevent denial-of-service
>    attacks.
>
>
>
>
>
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>
>5.  Character Set Considerations
>
>    The syntax in this document requires that language tags use only the
>    characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, and HYPHEN-MINUS, which are present in most
>    character sets, so presentation of language tags should not have any
>    character set issues.
>
>    Rendering of characters based on the content of a language tag is not
>    addressed in this memo.  Historically, some languages have relied on
>    the use of specific character sets or other information in order to
>    infer how a specific character should be rendered (notably this
>    applies to language and culture specific variations of Han ideographs
>    as used in Japanese, Chinese, and Korean).  When language tags are
>    applied to spans of text, rendering engines may use that information
>    in deciding which font to use in the absence of other information,
>    particularly where languages with distinct writing traditions use the
>    same characters.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 33]
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>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>6.  Changes from RFC 3066
>
>    The main goals for this revision of language tags were the following:
>
>    *Compatibility.* All valid RFC 3066 language tags  (including those
>    in the IANA registry)  remain valid in this specification.  Thus
>    there is complete backward compatibility of this specification with
>    existing content.  In addition, this document defines language tags
>    in such as way as to ensure future compatibility, and processors
>    based solely on the RFC 3066 ABNF (such as those described in XML
>    Schema version 1.0) will be able to process tags described by this
>    document.
>
>    *Stability.* Because of the changes in underlying ISO standards, a
>    valid RFC 3066 language tag may become invalid (or have its meaning
>    change) at a later date.  With so much of the world's computing
>    infrastructure dependent on language tags, this is simply
>    unacceptable: it invalidates content that may have an extensive
>    shelf-life.  In this specification, once a language tag is valid, it
>    remains valid forever.  Previously, there was no way to determine
>    when two tags were equivalent.  This specification provides a stable
>    mechanism for doing so, through the use of canonical forms.  These
>    are also stable, so that implementations can depend on the use of
>    canonical forms to assess equivalency.
>
>    *Validity.*  The structure of language tags defined by this document
>    makes it possible to determine if a particular tag is well-formed
>    without regard for the actual content or "meaning" of the tag as a
>    whole.  This is important because the registry and underlying
>    standards  change over time.  In addition, it must be possible to
>    determine if a tag is valid (or not) for a given point in time in
>    order  to provide reproducible, testable results.  This process must
>    not be error-prone; otherwise even intelligent people will generate
>    implementations that give different results.  This specification
>    provides for that by having a single data file, with specific
>    versioning information, so that the validity of language tags at any
>    point in time can be precisely determined (instead of interpolating
>    values from many separate sources).
>
>    *Extensibility.* It is important to be able to differentiate between
>    written forms of language -- for many implementations this is more
>    important than distinguishing between spoken variants of a language.
>    Languages are written in a wide variety of different scripts, so this
>    document provides for the generative use of ISO 15924 script codes.
>    Like the generative use of ISO language and country codes in RFC
>    3066, this allows combinations to be produced without resorting to
>    the registration process.  The addition of UN codes provides for the
>    generation of language tags with regional scope, which is also
>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 34]
>
>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>    required for information technology.
>
>    The recast of the registry from containing whole language tags to
>    subtags is a key part of this.  An important feature of RFC 3066 was
>    that it allowed generative use of subtags.  This allows people to
>    meaningfully use generated tags, without the delays in registering
>    whole tags, and the burden on the registry of having to supply all of
>    the combinations that people may find useful.
>
>    Because of the widespread use of language tags, it is potentially
>    disruptive to have periodic revisions of the core specification,
>    despite demonstrated need.  The extension mechanism provides for a
>    way for independent RFCs to define extensions to language tags.
>    These extensions have a very constrained, well-defined structure to
>    prevent extensions from interfering with implementations of language
>    tags defined in this document.  The document also anticipates
>    features of ISO 639-3 with the addition of the extlang subtags.  The
>    use and definition of private use tags has also been modified, to
>    allow people to move as much information as possible out of private
>    use tags, and into the regular structure.  The goal is to
>    dramatically reduce the need to produce a revision of this document
>    in the future.
>
>    The specific changes in this document to meet these goals are:
>    o  Defines the ABNF and rules for subtags so that the category of all
>       subtags can be determined without reference to the registry.
>    o  Adds the concept of well-formed vs.  validating processors,
>       defining the rules by which an implementation can claim to be one
>       or the other.
>    o  Changes the IANA language tag registry to a language subtag
>       registry that provides a complete list of valid subtags in the
>       IANA registry.  This allows for robust implementation and ease of
>       maintenance.  The language subtag registry becomes the canonical
>       source for forming language tags.
>    o  Provides a process that guarantees stability of language tags, by
>       handling reuse of values by ISO 639, ISO 15924, and ISO 3166 in
>       the event that they register a previously used value for a new
>       purpose.
>    o  Allows ISO 15924 script code subtags and allows them to be used
>       generatively.  Adds the concept of a variant subtag and allows
>       variants to be used generatively.  Adds the ability to use a class
>       of UN tags as regions.
>    o  Defines the private-use tags in ISO 639, ISO 15924, and ISO 3166
>       as the mechanism for creating private-use language, script, and
>       region subtags respectively.
>    o  Adds a well-defined extension mechanism.
>    o  Defines an extended language subtag, possibly for use with certain
>       anticipated features of ISO 639-3.
>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 35]
>
>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>    Ed Note: The following items are provided for the convenience of
>    reviewers and will be removed from the final document.
>
>    Changes between draft-phillips-langtags-10 and this version are:
>    o  Expunged the terminology "language range", since that section goes
>       with matching (A.Phillips, M.Davis)
>    o  Added text describing the handling of existing RFC 3066 registry
>       entries that were deprecated prior to the adoption of this
>       document.  These tags are now grandfathered.  (A.Phillips,
>       D.Ewell)
>    o  Modified the conversion rules for the registry (Appendix C) to
>       refer to the chairs, the LTRU mail list and so forth (A.Phillips)
>    o  Added text to allow tags and subtags to be deprecated using the
>       canonical value "--".  This is applied to codes withdrawn by ISO
>       639 MA and ISO 3166 MA, for example.  (F.Ellerman, D.Ewell)
>
>7.  References
>
>    [1]   International Organization for Standardization, "ISO
>          639-1:2002, Codes for the representation of names of languages
>          -- Part 1: Alpha-2 code", ISO Standard 639, 2002.
>
>    [2]   International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 639-2:1998
>          - Codes for the representation of names of languages -- Part 2:
>          Alpha-3 code - edition 1", August 1988.
>
>    [3]   ISO TC46/WG3, "ISO 15924:2003 (E/F) - Codes for the
>          representation of names of scripts", January 2004.
>
>    [4]   International Organization for Standardization, "Codes for the
>          representation of names of countries, 3rd edition",
>          ISO Standard 3166, August 1988.
>
>    [5]   Statistical Division, United Nations, "Standard Country or Area
>          Codes for Statistical Use", UN Standard Country or Area Codes
>          for Statistical Use, Revision 4 (United Nations publication,
>          Sales No. 98.XVII.9, June 1999.
>
>    [6]   ISO 639 Joint Advisory Committee, "ISO 639 Joint Advisory
>          Committee:  Working principles for ISO 639 maintenance", March
>          2000,
>          <http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/iso639jac_n3r.html>.
>
>    [7]   Hardcastle-Kille, S., "Mapping between X.400(1988) / ISO 10021
>          and RFC 822", RFC 1327, May 1992.
>
>    [8]   Borenstein, N. and N. Freed, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
>          Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing
>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 36]
>
>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>          the Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC 1521, September
>          1993.
>
>    [9]   Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages",
>          RFC 1766, March 1995.
>
>    [10]  Hovey, R. and S. Bradner, "The Organizations Involved in the
>          IETF Standards Process", BCP 11, RFC 2028, October 1996.
>
>    [11]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
>          Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
>
>    [12]  Freed, N. and K. Moore, "MIME Parameter Value and Encoded Word
>          Extensions: Character Sets, Languages, and Continuations",
>          RFC 2231, November 1997.
>
>    [13]  Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
>          Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.
>
>    [14]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R. and L. Masinter, "Uniform
>          Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax", RFC 2396, August
>          1998.
>
>    [15]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA
>          Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October
>          1998.
>
>    [16]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter, L.,
>          Leach, P. and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol --
>          HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
>
>    [17]  Carpenter, B., Baker, F. and M. Roberts, "Memorandum of
>          Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the Internet
>          Assigned Numbers Authority", RFC 2860, June 2000.
>
>    [18]  Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages",
>          BCP 47, RFC 3066, January 2001.
>
>    [19]  Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646",
>          STD 63, RFC 3629, November 2003.
>
>    [20]  Klyne, G. and C. Newman, "Date and Time on the Internet:
>          Timestamps", RFC 3339, July 2002.
>
>    [21]  <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 37]
>
>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>Authors' Addresses
>
>    Addison Phillips (editor)
>    Quest Software
>
>    Email: addison.phillips@quest.com
>
>
>    Mark Davis (editor)
>    IBM
>
>    Email: mark.davis@us.ibm.com
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 38]
>
>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>Appendix A.  Acknowledgements
>
>    Any list of contributors is bound to be incomplete; please regard the
>    following as only a selection from the group of people who have
>    contributed to make this document what it is today.
>
>    The contributors to RFC 3066 and RFC 1766, the precursors of this
>    document, made enormous contributions directly or indirectly to this
>    document and are generally responsible for the success of language
>    tags.
>
>    The following people (in alphabetical order) contributed to this
>    document or to RFCs 1766 and 3066:
>
>    Glenn Adams, Harald Tveit Alvestrand, Tim Berners-Lee, Marc Blanchet,
>    Nathaniel Borenstein, Eric Brunner, Sean M.  Burke, Jeremy Carroll,
>    John Clews, Jim Conklin, Peter Constable, John Cowan, Mark Crispin,
>    Dave Crocker, Martin Duerst, Frank Ellerman, Michael Everson, Doug
>    Ewell, Ned Freed, Tim Goodwin, Dirk-Willem van Gulik, Marion Gunn,
>    Joel Halpren, Elliotte Rusty Harold, Paul Hoffman, Richard Ishida,
>    Olle Jarnefors, Kent Karlsson, John Klensin, Alain LaBonte, Eric
>    Mader, Keith Moore, Chris Newman, Masataka Ohta, George Rhoten,
>    Markus Scherer, Keld Jorn Simonsen, Thierry Sourbier, Otto Stolz, Tex
>    Texin, Andrea Vine, Rhys Weatherley, Misha Wolf, Francois Yergeau and
>    many, many others.
>
>    Very special thanks must go to Harald Tveit Alvestrand, who
>    originated RFCs 1766 and 3066, and without whom this document would
>    not have been possible.  Special thanks must go to Michael Everson,
>    who has served as language tag reviewer for almost the complete
>    period since the publication of RFC 1766.  Special thanks to Doug
>    Ewell, for his production of the first complete subtag registry, and
>    his work in producing a test parser for verifying language tags.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 39]
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>
>
>Appendix B.  Examples of Language Tags (Informative)
>
>    Simple language subtag:
>       de (German)
>       fr (French)
>       ja (Japanese)
>       i-enochian (example of a grandfathered tag)
>
>    Language subtag plus Script subtag:
>       zh-Hant (Traditional Chinese)
>       en-Latn (English written in Latin script)
>       sr-Cyrl (Serbian written with Cyrillic script)
>
>    Language-Script-Region:
>       zh-Hans-CN (Simplified Chinese for the PRC)
>       sr-Latn-CS (Serbian, Latin script, Serbia and Montenegro)
>
>    Language-Script-Region-Variant:
>       en-Latn-US-boont (Boontling dialect of English)
>       de-Latn-CH-1996 (German written in Latin script for Switzerland
>       using the orthography of 1996)
>
>    Language-Region:
>       de-DE (German for Germany)
>       zh-SG (Chinese for Singapore)
>       cs-200 (Czech for Czechoslovakia)
>       sr-CS (Serbian for Serbia and Montenegro)
>       es-419 (Spanish for Latin America and Caribbean region using the
>       UN region code)
>
>    Other Mixtures:
>       en-boont (Boontling dialect of English)
>
>    private-use mechanism:
>       de-CH-x-phonebk
>       az-Arab-x-AZE-derbend
>
>    Extended language subtags (examples ONLY: extended languages must be
>    defined by revision or update to this document):
>       zh-min
>       zh-min-nan-Hant-CN
>
>    Private-use subtags:
>       x-whatever (private use using the singleton 'x')
>       qaa-Qaaa-QM-x-southern (all private tags)
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 40]
>
>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>       de-Qaaa (German, with a private script)
>       de-Latn-QM (German, Latin-script, private region)
>       de-Qaaa-DE (German, private script, for Germany)
>
>    Tags that use extensions (examples ONLY: extensions must be defined
>    by revision or update to this document or by RFC):
>       en-US-u-islamCal
>       zh-CN-a-myExt-x-private
>       en-a-myExt-b-another
>
>    Some Invalid Tags:
>       de-419-DE (two region tags)
>       a-DE (use of a single character subtag in primary position; note
>       that there are a few grandfathered tags that start with "i-" that
>       are valid)
>       ar-a-aaa-b-bbb-a-ccc (two extensions with same single letter
>       prefix)
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 41]
>
>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>Appendix C.  Conversion of the RFC 3066 Language Tag Registry
>
>    Upon publication of this document as a BCP, the existing IANA
>    language tag registry must be converted into the new subtag registry.
>    This section defines the process for performing this conversion.
>
>    The impact on the IANA maintainers of the registry of this conversion
>    will be a small increase in the frequency of new entries.  The
>    initial set of records represents no impact on IANA, since the work
>    to create it will be performed externally.
>
>    When this document is published, an email will be sent by the
>    chair(s) of the LTRU working group to the LTRU and ietf-languages
>    mail lists advising of the impending conversion of the registry.  In
>    that notice, the chair(s) will provide a URL whose referred content
>    is the proposed IANA Language Subtag Registry following conversion.
>    There will be a Last Call period of not less than four weeks for
>    comments and corrections to be discussed on the
>    ietf-languages@iana.org mail list.  Changes as a result of comments
>    will not restart the Last Call period.  At the end of the period, the
>    chair(s) will forward the URL to IANA, which will post the new
>    registry on-line.
>
>    Tags that are currently deprecated will be maintained as
>    grandfathered entries.  The record for the grandfathered entry will
>    contain a note indicating that the entry is 'deprecated' and reason
>    for the deprecation.  For example, the tag "art-lojban" is deprecated
>    and will be placed in the grandfathered section.
>
>    Tags that are not deprecated that consist entirely of subtags that
>    are valid under this document and which have the correct form and
>    format for tags defined by this document are superseded by this
>    document.  Such tags are placed in the 'redundant' section of the
>    registry.  For example, zh-Hant is now defined by this document.
>
>    Tags that contain subtags which are consistent with registration
>    under the guidelines in this document will have a new subtag
>    registration created for each eligible subtag.  If all of the subtags
>    in the original tag are fully defined by the resulting registrations
>    or by this document, then the original tag is superseded by this
>    document.  Such tags are placed in the 'redundant' section of the
>    registry.  For example, en-boont will result in a new subtag "boont"
>    and the RFC 3066 registered tag 'en-boont' placed in the redundant
>    section of the registry.
>
>    Tags that contain one or more subtags that do not match the valid
>    registration pattern and which are not otherwise defined by this
>    document are marked as 'grandfathered' by this document.
>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 42]
>
>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>    There will be a reasonable period in which the community may comment
>    on the proposed list entries, which SHALL be no less than four weeks
>    in length.  At the completion of this period, the chair(s) will
>    notify iana@iana.org and the ltru and ietf-languages mail lists that
>    the task is complete and forward the necessary materials to IANA for
>    publication.
>
>    Registrations that are in process under the rules defined in RFC 3066
>    MAY be completed under the former rules, at the discretion of the
>    language tag reviewer.  Any new registrations submitted after the
>    request for conversion of the registry MUST be rejected.
>
>    All existing RFC 3066 language tag registrations will be maintained
>    in perpetuity.
>
>    Users of tags that are grandfathered should consider registering
>    appropriate subtags in the IANA subtag registry (but are not required
>    to).
>
>    Where two subtags have the same meaning, the priority of which to
>    make canonical SHALL be the following:
>    o  As of the date of acceptance of this document as a BCP, if a code
>       exists in the associated ISO standard and it is not deprecated or
>       withdrawn as of that date, then it has priority.
>    o  Otherwise, the earlier-registered tag in the associated ISO
>       standard has priority.
>
>    UN numeric codes assigned to 'macro-geographical (continental)' or
>    sub-regions not associated with an assigned ISO 3166 alpha-2 code are
>    defined in the IANA registry and are valid for use in language tags.
>    These codes MUST be added to the initial version of the registry.
>    The UN numeric codes for 'economic groupings' or 'other groupings',
>    and the alphanumeric codes in Appendix X of the UN document MUST NOT
>    be added to the registry.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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>Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
>
>
>Intellectual Property Statement
>
>    The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
>    Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
>    pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
>    this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
>    might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
>    made any independent effort to identify any such rights.  Information
>    on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
>    found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
>
>    Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
>    assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
>    attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
>    such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
>    specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
>    http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
>
>    The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
>    copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
>    rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
>    this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF at
>    ietf-ipr@ietf.org.
>
>
>Disclaimer of Validity
>
>    This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
>    "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
>    OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
>    ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
>    INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
>    INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
>    WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
>
>
>Copyright Statement
>
>    Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).  This document is subject
>    to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and
>    except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.
>
>
>Acknowledgment
>
>    Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
>    Internet Society.
>
>
>
>
>Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 44]


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At 18:14 15/03/2005, Addison Phillips wrote:
>Allowing multiple subtags to mean the same thing, as Frank suggests below, 
>would be a problem. Many language tag processors that I know of are 
>implemented based solely on the values of the tags themselves, with no 
>external knowledge baked into them. The existence of a registry might 
>change that to some degree, but you'll still have many of what the draft 
>calls "well-formed" processors for which "GB" is just a token.

I question myself on this. The DNS is 22 years old, the mail older. I 
understand that one wants to be careful at not changing them too much - yet 
the market will change them if it solved the spam. IDNs are one year and a 
half old and several consider that one can still change or even kill them. 
As far as I understand, you refer to applications resulting from RFC 3066, 
and may be from its predecessor? So they are 3 to 7 years old? They most 
probably are browsers/aplications which have anyway to be updated to 
support IDNs (applications needing to check languages are likely to also 
use IDNs)?

We are going to have a lot of changes in the DNS in the coming month to 
support the local TLDs which are to be a must. The support of the Tables 
will probably be required at users level, for 3+LD consistency checks,etc. 
(even if not planned yet). Many other applications would probably want 
then  to use functions using country codes if they were available.

Microsoft always said they wanted to watch the market reaction before 
implementing the IDN support in the OS. This WG could consider user located 
functions to get and integrate the IANA cc table and updates . It could 
then use them. Would it not be better to start anew while there is still a 
"small" base (RFC 3066 is still here for them) rather than to continue for 
ever with an old system?

BTW I personally think the IDN Tables and other TLD infos (such as the 
lingual aliases of the TLDs) are part of the Locale,
jfc


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Working Group submission: LTRU Registry Draft 00
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Hi -

Approved.

Our previous approval request was sent to internet-drafts@ietf.org
on March 10.  (Copy included below)

Randy Presuhn, ltru co-chair.

================================================

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Hi -

This note is to let you know that Martin Duerst and I, co-chairs of the
ltru working group, expect Mark Davis <mark.davis@jtcsv.com> and
Addison Phillips <addison.phillips@quest.com> to be submitting two
working group internet drafts in the next few days.  The draft names will be

draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
draft-ietf-ltru-matching-00.txt

You have our advance permission to post these documents.

Randy Presuhn
ltru WG co-chair

=================================================


> From: "Dinara Suleymanova" <dinaras@foretec.com>
> To: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
> Cc: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Tuesday, March 15, 2005 11:32 AM
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: Working Group submission: LTRU Registry Draft 00
>

> This has to be approved by the wg chairs.
>
> At 03:10 PM 3/12/2005, Addison Phillips wrote:
> >Dear Editor,
> >
> >Please find attached in text format draft-00 of "draft-ietf-ltru-registry".
> >
> >I understand that this will be processed after IETF-62.
> >
> >Best Regards,
> >
> >Addison (for the editors)
> >
> >Addison P. Phillips
> >Globalization Architect, Quest Software
> >http://www.quest.com
> >
> >Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group
> >http://www.w3.org/International
> >
> >Internationalization is not a feature.
> >It is an architecture.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Network Working Group                                   A. Phillips, Ed.
> >Internet-Draft                                            Quest Software
> >Expires: September 11, 2005                                M. Davis, Ed.
> >                                                                      IBM
> >                                                           March 10, 2005
> >
> >
> >                      Tags for Identifying Languages
> >                       draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00
> >
> >Status of this Memo
> >
> >    This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions
> >    of Section 3 of RFC 3667.  By submitting this Internet-Draft, each
> >    author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of
> >    which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of
> >    which he or she become aware will be disclosed, in accordance with
> >    RFC 3668.
> >
> >    Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
> >    Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
> >    other groups may also distribute working documents as
> >    Internet-Drafts.
> >
> >    Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
> >    and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
> >    time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
> >    material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
> >
> >    The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
> >    http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
> >
> >    The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
> >    http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
> >
> >    This Internet-Draft will expire on September 11, 2005.
> >
> >Copyright Notice
> >
> >    Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
> >
> >Abstract
> >
> >    This document describes the structure, content, construction, and
> >    semantics of language tags for use in cases where it is desirable to
> >    indicate the language used in an information object.  It also
> >    describes how to register values for use in language tags and the
> >    creation of user defined extensions for private interchange.  This
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005               [Page 1]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >    document obsoletes RFC 3066 (which replaced RFC 1766).
> >
> >Table of Contents
> >
> >    1.   Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
> >    2.   The Language Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
> >      2.1  Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
> >        2.1.1  Length Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
> >      2.2  Language Subtag Sources and Interpretation . . . . . . . .   6
> >        2.2.1  Primary Language Subtag  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
> >        2.2.2  Extended Language Subtags  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
> >        2.2.3  Script Subtag  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
> >        2.2.4  Region Subtag  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
> >        2.2.5  Variant Subtags  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
> >        2.2.6  Extension Subtags  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
> >        2.2.7  Private Use Subtags  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
> >        2.2.8  Pre-Existing RFC 3066 Registrations  . . . . . . . . .  13
> >        2.2.9  Possibilities for Registration . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
> >        2.2.10   Classes of Conformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
> >      2.3  Choice of Language Tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
> >      2.4  Meaning of the Language Tag  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
> >        2.4.1  Canonicalization of Language Tags  . . . . . . . . . .  17
> >      2.5  Considerations for Private Use Subtags . . . . . . . . . .  18
> >    3.   IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
> >      3.1  Format of the IANA Language Subtag Registry  . . . . . . .  20
> >      3.2  Stability of IANA Registry Entries . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
> >      3.3  Registration Procedure for Subtags . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
> >      3.4  Extensions and Extensions Namespace  . . . . . . . . . . .  30
> >    4.   Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
> >    5.   Character Set Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
> >    6.   Changes from RFC 3066  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
> >    7.   References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
> >         Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
> >    A.   Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
> >    B.   Examples of Language Tags (Informative)  . . . . . . . . . .  40
> >    C.   Conversion of the RFC 3066 Language Tag Registry . . . . . .  42
> >         Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . .  44
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005               [Page 2]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >1.  Introduction
> >
> >    Human beings on our planet have, past and present, used a number of
> >    languages.  There are many reasons why one would want to identify the
> >    language used when presenting or requesting information.
> >
> >    Information about a user's language preferences commonly needs to be
> >    identified so that appropriate processing can be applied.  For
> >    example, the user's language preferences in a browser can be used to
> >    select web pages appropriately.  A choice of language preference can
> >    also be used to select among tools (such as dictionaries) to assist
> >    in the processing or understanding of content in different languages.
> >
> >    In addition, knowledge about the particular language used by some
> >    piece of information content may be useful or even required by some
> >    types of information processing; for example spell-checking,
> >    computer-synthesized speech, Braille transcription, or high-quality
> >    print renderings.
> >
> >    One means of indicating the language used is by labeling the
> >    information content with a language identifier.  These identifiers
> >    can also be used to specify user preferences when selecting
> >    information content, or for labeling additional attributes of content
> >    and associated resources.
> >
> >    These identifiers can also be used to indicate additional attributes
> >    of content that are closely related to the language.  In particular,
> >    it is often necessary to indicate specific information about the
> >    dialect, writing system, or orthography used in a document or
> >    resource, as these attributes may be important for the user to obtain
> >    information in a form that they can understand, or important in
> >    selecting appropriate processing resources for the given content.
> >
> >    This document specifies an identifier mechanism and a registration
> >    function for values to be used with that identifier mechanism.  It
> >    also defines a mechanism for private use values and future extension.
> >
> >    This document replaces RFC 3066, which replaced RFC 1766.  For a list
> >    of changes in this document, see Section 6.
> >
> >    The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
> >    "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
> >    document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119] [11].
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005               [Page 3]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >2.  The Language Tag
> >
> >2.1  Syntax
> >
> >    The language tag is composed of one or more parts: A primary language
> >    subtag and a (possibly empty) series of subsequent subtags.  Subtags
> >    are distinguished by their length, position in the subtag sequence,
> >    and content, so that each type of subtag can be recognized solely by
> >    these features.  This makes it possible to construct a parser that
> >    can extract and assign some semantic information to the subtags, even
> >    if specific subtag values are not recognized.  Thus a parser need not
> >    have an up-to-date copy of the registered subtag values to perform
> >    most searching and matching operations.
> >
> >    The syntax of this tag in ABNF [RFC 2234] [13] is:
> >
> >    Language-Tag = (lang
> >                    *("-" extlang)
> >                    ["-" script]
> >                    ["-" region]
> >                    *("-" variant)
> >                    *("-" extension)
> >                    ["-" privateuse])
> >                    / privateuse         ; private-use tag
> >                    / grandfathered      ; grandfathered registrations
> >
> >    lang            = 2*3ALPHA           ; shortest ISO 639 code
> >                    / registered-lang
> >    extlang         = 3ALPHA             ; reserved for future use
> >    script          = 4ALPHA             ; ISO 15924 code
> >    region          = 2ALPHA             ; ISO 3166 code
> >                    / 3DIGIT             ; UN country number
> >    variant         = ALPHA (4*7alphanum) ; registered variants
> >                    / DIGIT (3*7alphanum)
> >    extension       = singleton 1*("-" (2*8alphanum)) ; extension subtag(s)
> >    privateuse      = ("x"/"X") 1*("-" (1*8alphanum)) ; private use subtag(s)
> >    singleton       = ("a"-"w" / "y"-"z" / "A"-"W" / "Y"-"Z")
> >                    ; Single letters: x/X is reserved for private use
> >    registered-lang = 4*8ALPHA          ; registered language subtag
> >    grandfathered   = 1*3ALPHA 1*2("-" (2*8alphanum))  ; grandfathered
> > registration
> >                                        ; Note: i is the only singleton
> > that starts
> >                                        ; a grandfathered tag
> >    alphanum        = (ALPHA / DIGIT)   ; letters and numbers
> >
> >                       Figure 1: Language Tag ABNF
> >
> >    The character "-" is HYPHEN-MINUS (ABNF: %x2D).  Note that there is a
> >    subtlety in the ABNF for 'variant': variants may consist of sequences
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005               [Page 4]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >    of up to eight characters.
> >
> >    Whitespace is not permitted in a language tag.  For examples of
> >    language tags, see Appendix B.
> >
> >    Note that although [RFC 2234] [13] refers to octets, the language
> >    tags described in this document are sequences of characters from the
> >    US-ASCII repertoire.  Language tags may be used in documents and
> >    applications that use other encodings, so long as these encompass the
> >    US-ASCII repertoire.  An example of this would be an XML document
> >    that uses the Unicode UTF-16LE encoding.
> >
> >    The tags and their subtags, including private-use and extensions, are
> >    to be treated as case insensitive: there exist conventions for the
> >    capitalization of some of the subtags, but these should not be taken
> >    to carry meaning.
> >
> >    For example:
> >    o  [ISO 639] [1] recommends that language codes be written in lower
> >       case ('mn' Mongolian).
> >    o  [ISO 3166] [4] recommends that country codes be capitalized ('MN'
> >       Mongolia).
> >    o  [ISO 15924] [3] recommends that script codes use lower case with
> >       the initial letter capitalized ('Cyrl' Cyrillic).
> >    However, in the tags defined by this document, the uppercase US-ASCII
> >    letters in the range 'A' (ABNF: %x41) through 'Z' (ABNF: %x5A) are
> >    considered equivalent and mapped directly to their US-ASCII lowercase
> >    equivalents in the range 'a' (ABNF: %x61) through 'z' (ABNF: %x7A).
> >    Thus the tag "mn-Cyrl-MN" is not distinct from "MN-cYRL-mn" or
> >    "mN-cYrL-Mn" (or any other combination) and each of these variations
> >    conveys the same meaning: Mongolian written in the Cyrillic script as
> >    used in Mongolia.
> >
> >    For informative examples of language tags, see Appendix B at the end
> >    of this document.
> >
> >2.1.1  Length Considerations
> >
> >    Although neither the ABNF nor other guidelines in this document
> >    provide a fixed upper limit on the number of size of subtags in a
> >    Language Tag and it is possible to envision quite long and complex
> >    subtag sequences, in practice these are rare because additional
> >    granularity in tags seldom adds useful distinguishing information and
> >    because longer, more granular tags interefere with the meaning,
> >    understanding, and processing of language tags.
> >
> >    In particular,  variant subtags SHOULD be used only with their
> >    recommended prefix.  This limits most tags to a sequence of four
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005               [Page 5]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >    subtags (excluding any extensions or private use sequences).  See
> >    Section 2.3 for more information on selecting the most appropriate
> >    Language Tag.
> >
> >    A conformant implementation need not support the storage of language
> >    tags which exceed a specified length.  For an example, see [RFC 2231]
> >    [12].  Any such a limitation MUST be clearly documented, and such
> >    documentation SHOULD include the disposition of any longer tags (for
> >    example, whether an error value is generated or the language tag is
> >    truncated).  If truncation is permitted it SHOULD NOT permit a subtag
> >    to be divided.
> >
> >2.2  Language Subtag Sources and Interpretation
> >
> >    The namespace of language tags and their subtags is administered by
> >    the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) [17] according to the
> >    rules in Section 3 of this document.  The registry maintained by IANA
> >    is the source for valid subtags: other standards referenced in this
> >    section provide the source material for that registry.
> >
> >    Terminology in this section:
> >
> >    o  Tag or tags refers to a complete language tag, such as
> >       "fr-Latn-CA".  Examples of tags in this document are enclosed in
> >       double-quotes ("en-US").
> >    o  Subtag refers to a specific section of a tag, separated by hyphen,
> >       such as the subtag 'Latn' in "fr-Latn-CA".  Examples of subtags in
> >       this document are enclosed in single quotes ('Latn').
> >    o  Code or codes refers to tags defined in external standards (and
> >       which are used as subtags in this document).  For example, 'Latn'
> >       is an [ISO 15924] [3] script code which was used to define the
> >       'Latn' script subtag for use in a language tag.  Examples of codes
> >       in this document are enclosed in single quotes ('en', 'Latn').
> >
> >    The definitions in this section apply to the various subtags within
> >    the language tags defined by this document, excepting those
> >    "grandfathered" tags defined in Section 2.2.8.
> >
> >    Language tags are designed so that each subtag has unique length and
> >    content restrictions.  These make identification of the subtag's type
> >    possible, even if the content of the subtag itself is unrecognized.
> >    This allows tags to be parsed and processed without reference to the
> >    latest version of the underlying standards or the IANA registry and
> >    makes the associated exception handling when parsing tags simpler.
> >
> >    Subtags in the IANA registry that do not come from an underlying
> >    standard can only appear in specific positions in a tag.
> >    Specifically, they can only occur as primary language subtags or as
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    variant subtags.
> >
> >    Note that sequences of private-use and extension subtags MUST occur
> >    at the end of the sequence of subtags and MUST NOT be interspersed
> >    with subtags defined elsewhere in this document.
> >
> >    Single letter and digit subtags are reserved for current or future
> >    use.  These include the following current uses:
> >
> >    o  The single letter subtag 'x' is reserved to introduce a sequence
> >       of private-use subtags.  The interpretation of any private-use
> >       subtags is defined solely by private agreement and is not defined
> >       by the rules in this section or in any standard or registry
> >       defined in this document.
> >    o  All other single letter subtags are reserved to introduce
> >       standardized extension subtag sequences as described in
> >       Section 3.4.
> >
> >    The single letter subtag 'i' is used by some grandfathered tags, such
> >    as "i-enochian", where it always appears in the first position and
> >    cannot be confused with an extension.
> >
> >2.2.1  Primary Language Subtag
> >
> >    The primary subtag is the first subtag in a language tag and cannot
> >    be empty.  Except as noted, the primary subtag is the language
> >    subtag.  The following rules apply to the assignment and
> >    interpretation of the primary subtag:
> >
> >    o  All 2-character language subtags were defined in the IANA registry
> >       according to the assignments found in the standard ISO 639 Part 1,
> >       "ISO 639-1:2002, Codes for the representation of names of
> >       languages -- Part 1: Alpha-2 code" [ISO 639-1] [1], or using
> >       assignments subsequently made by the ISO 639 Part 1 maintenance
> >       agency or governing standardization bodies.
> >    o  All 3-character language subtags were defined in the IANA registry
> >       according to the assignments found in ISO 639 Part 2, "ISO
> >       639-2:1998 - Codes for the representation of names of languages --
> >       Part 2: Alpha-3 code - edition 1" [ISO 639-2] [2], or assignments
> >       subsequently made by the ISO 639 Part 2 maintenance agency or
> >       governing standardization bodies.
> >    o  The subtags in the range 'qaa' through 'qtz' are reserved for
> >       private use in language tags.  These subtags correspond to codes
> >       reserved by ISO 639-2 for private use.  These codes MAY be used
> >       for non-registered primary-language subtags (instead of using
> >       private-use subtags following 'x-').  Please refer to Section 2.5
> >       for more information on private use subtags.
> >
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    o  All language subtags of 4 to 8 characters in length in the IANA
> >       registry were defined via the registration process in Section 3.3
> >       and MAY be used to form the primary language subtag.  At the time
> >       this document was created, there were no examples of this kind of
> >       subtag and future registrations of this type will be discouraged:
> >       primary languages are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED for registration with
> >       ISO 639 and subtags rejected by ISO 639 will be closely
> >       scrutinized before they are registered with IANA.
> >    o  The single character subtag 'x' as the primary subtag indicates
> >       that the language tag consists solely of subtags whose meaning is
> >       defined by private agreement.  For example, in the tag "x-fr-CH",
> >       the subtags 'fr' and 'CH' should not be taken to represent the
> >       French language or the country of Switzerland (or any other value
> >       in the IANA registry) unless there is a private agreement in place
> >       to do so.  See Section 2.5.
> >    o  Other values MUST NOT be assigned to the primary subtag except by
> >       revision or update of this document.
> >
> >    Note: For languages that have both an ISO 639-1 2-character code and
> >    an ISO 639-2 3-character code, only the ISO 639-1 2-character code is
> >    defined in the IANA registry.
> >
> >    Note: For languages that have no ISO 639-1 2-character code and for
> >    which the ISO 639-2/T (Terminology) code and the ISO 639-2/B
> >    (Bibliographic) codes differ, only the Terminology code is defined in
> >    the IANA registry.  At the time this document was created, all
> >    languages that had both kinds of 3-character code were also assigned
> >    a 2-character code; it is not expected that future assignments of
> >    this nature will occur.
> >
> >    Note: To avoid problems with versioning and subtag choice as
> >    experienced during the transition between RFC 1766 and RFC 3066, as
> >    well as the canonical nature of subtags defined by this document, the
> >    ISO 639 Registration Authority Joint Advisory Committee (ISO
> >    639/RA-JAC) has included the following statement in [6]:
> >
> >    "A language code already in ISO 639-2 at the point of freezing ISO
> >    639-1 shall not later be added to ISO 639-1.  This is to ensure
> >    consistency in usage over time, since users are directed in Internet
> >    applications to employ the alpha-3 code when an alpha-2 code for that
> >    language is not available."
> >
> >    In order to avoid instability of the canonical form of tags, if a
> >    2-character code is added to ISO 639-1 for a language for which a
> >    3-character code was already included in ISO 639-2, the 2-character
> >    code will not be added as a subtag in the registry.  See Section 3.2.
> >
> >    For example, if some content were tagged with 'haw' (Hawaiian), which
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    currently has no 2-character code, the tag would not be invalidated
> >    if ISO 639-1 were to assign a 2-character code to the Hawaiian
> >    language at a later date.
> >
> >    For example, one of the grandfathered IANA registrations is
> >    "i-enochian".  The subtag 'enochian' could be registered in the IANA
> >    registry as a primary language subtag (assuming that ISO 639 does not
> >    register this language first), making tags such as "enochian-AQ" and
> >    "enochian-Latn" valid.
> >
> >2.2.2  Extended Language Subtags
> >
> >    The following rules apply to the extended language subtags:
> >
> >    o  Three letter subtags immediately following the primary subtag are
> >       reserved for future standardization, anticipating work that is
> >       currently under way on ISO 639.
> >    o  Extended language subtags MUST follow the primary subtag and
> >       precede any other subtags.
> >    o  There MAY be any additional number of extended language subtags.
> >    o  Extended language subtags will not be registered except by
> >       revision of this document.
> >    o  Extended language subtags MUST NOT be used to form language tags
> >       except by revision of this document.
> >
> >    Example: In a future revision or update of this document, the tag
> >    "zh-gan" (registered under RFC 3066) might become a valid
> >    non-grandfathered tag in which the subtag 'gan' might represent the
> >    Chinese dialect 'Gan'.
> >
> >2.2.3  Script Subtag
> >
> >    The following rules apply to the script subtags:
> >
> >    o  All 4-character subtags were defined according to ISO 15924
> >       [3]--"Codes for the representation of the names of scripts":
> >       alpha-4 script codes, or subsequently assigned by the ISO 15924
> >       maintenance agency or governing standardization bodies, denoting
> >       the script or writing system used in conjunction with this
> >       language.
> >    o  Script subtags MUST immediately follow the primary language subtag
> >       and all extended language subtags and MUST occur before any other
> >       type of subtag described below.
> >    o  The subtags 'Qaaa' through 'Qabx' are reserved for private use in
> >       language tags.  These subtags correspond to codes reserved by ISO
> >       15924 for private use.  These codes MAY be used for non-registered
> >       script values.  Please refer to Section 2.5 for more information
> >       on private-use subtags.
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    o  Script subtags cannot be registered using the process in
> >       Section 3.3 of this document.  Variant subtags may be considered
> >       for registration for that purpose.
> >
> >    Example: "de-Latn" represents German written using the Latin script.
> >
> >2.2.4  Region Subtag
> >
> >    The following rules apply to the region subtags:
> >
> >    o  The region subtag defines language variations used in a specific
> >       region, geographic, or political area.  Region subtags MUST follow
> >       any language, extended language, or script subtags and MUST
> >       precede all other subtags.
> >    o  All 2-character subtags following the primary subtag were defined
> >       in the IANA registry according to the assignments found in ISO
> >       3166 [4]--"Codes for the representation of names of countries and
> >       their subdivisions - Part 1: Country codes"--alpha-2 country codes
> >       or assignments subsequently made by the ISO 3166 maintenance
> >       agency or governing standardization bodies.
> >    o  All 3-character codes consisting of digit (numeric) characters
> >       were defined in the IANA registry according to the assignments
> >       found in UN Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical  Use
> >       [5] or assignments subsequently made by the governing standards
> >       body.  Note that not all of the UN M.49 codes are defined in the
> >       IANA registry:
> >       *  UN numeric codes assigned to 'macro-geographical (continental)'
> >          or sub-regions not associated with an assigned ISO 3166 alpha-2
> >          code _are_ defined.
> >       *  UN numeric codes for 'economic groupings' or 'other groupings'
> >          are _not_ defined in the IANA registry and MUST NOT be used to
> >          form language tags.
> >       *  Countries with ambiguous ISO 3166 alpha-2 codes as defined in
> >          Section 3.2 are defined in the registry and are canonical for
> >          the given country or region defined.
> >       *  The alphanumeric codes in Appendix X of the UN document are
> >          _not_ defined and MUST NOT be used to form language tags.  (At
> >          the time this document was created these values match the ISO
> >          3166 alpha-2 codes.)
> >    o  There may be at most one region subtag in a language tag.
> >    o  The subtags 'AA', 'QM'-'QZ', 'XA'-'XZ', and 'ZZ' are reserved for
> >       private use in language tags.  These subtags correspond to codes
> >       reserved by ISO 3166 for private use.  These codes MAY be used for
> >       private use region subtags (instead of using a private-use subtag
> >       sequence).  Please refer to Section 2.5 for more information on
> >       private use subtags.
> >
> >    "de-Latn-CH" represents German ('de') written using the Latin script
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    ('Latn') as used in Switzerland ('CH').
> >
> >    "sr-Latn-CS" represents Serbian ('sr') written using Latin script
> >    ('Latn') as used in Serbia and Montenegro ('CS').
> >
> >    "es-419" represents Spanish ('es') as used in the UN-defined Latin
> >    America and Caribbean region ('419').
> >
> >2.2.5  Variant Subtags
> >
> >    The following rules apply to the variant subtags:
> >
> >    o  Variant subtags, as a collection in the IANA registry, are not
> >       associated with any external standard.  Variant subtags and their
> >       meanings are defined by the registration process defined in
> >       Section 3.3.
> >    o  Variant subtags MUST follow all of the other defined subtags, but
> >       precede any extension or private-use subtag sequences.
> >    o  More than one variant MAY be used to form the language tag.
> >    o  Variant subtags MUST be registered with IANA according to the
> >       rules in Section 3.3 of this document before being used to form
> >       language tags.  In order to distinguish variants from other types
> >       of subtags, registrations must meet the following length and
> >       content restrictions:
> >       *  Variant subtags that begin with a letter (a-z, A-Z) MUST be at
> >          least five characters long.
> >       *  Variant subtags that begin with a digit (0-9) MUST be at least
> >          four characters long.
> >       *  The maximum length of a variant subtag is eight characters
> >          long.
> >
> >    "en-boont" represents the Boontling dialect of English.
> >
> >    "de-CH-1996" represents German as used in Switzerland and as written
> >    using the spelling reform beginning in the year 1996 C.E.
> >
> >2.2.6  Extension Subtags
> >
> >    The following rules apply to extensions:
> >
> >    o  Extension subtags are separated from the other subtags defined in
> >       this document by a single-letter subtag ("singleton").  The
> >       singleton MUST be one allocated to a registration authority via
> >       the mechanism described in Section 3.4 and cannot be the letter
> >       'x', which is reserved for private-use subtag sequences.
> >    o  Note: Private-use subtag sequences starting with the singleton
> >       subtag 'x' are described below.
> >
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    o  An extension MUST follow at least a primary language subtag.  That
> >       is, a language tag cannot begin with an extension.  Extensions
> >       extend language tags, they do not override or replace them.  For
> >       example, "a-value" is not a well-formed language tag, while
> >       "de-a-value" is.
> >    o  Each singleton subtag MUST appear at most one time in each tag
> >       (other than as a private-use subtag).  That is, singleton subtags
> >       MUST NOT be repeated.  For example, the tag "en-a-bbb-a-ccc" is
> >       invalid because the subtag 'a' appears twice.
> >    o  Extension subtags MUST meet all of the requirements for the
> >       content and format of subtags defined in this document.
> >    o  Extension subtags MUST meet whatever requirements are set by the
> >       document that defines their singleton prefix and whatever
> >       requirements are provided by the maintaining authority.
> >    o  Each extension subtag MUST be from two to eight characters long
> >       and consist solely of letters or digits, with each subtag
> >       separated by a single '-'.
> >    o  Each singleton MUST be followed by at least one extension subtag.
> >       For example, the tag "tlh-a-b-foo" is invalid because the first
> >       singleton 'a' is followed immediately by another singleton 'b'.
> >    o  Extension subtags MUST follow all language, extended language,
> >       script, region and variant subtags in a tag.
> >    o  All subtags following the singleton and before another singleton
> >       are part of the extension.  Example: In the tag "fr-a-Latn", the
> >       subtag 'Latn' does not represent the script subtag 'Latn' defined
> >       in the IANA Language Subtag Registry.  Its meaning is defined by
> >       the extension 'a'.
> >    o  In the event that more than one extension appears in a single tag,
> >       the tag SHOULD be canonicalized as described in Section 2.4.1.
> >
> >    For example, if the prefix singleton 'r' and the shown subtags were
> >    defined, then the following tag would be a valid example:
> >    "en-Latn-GB-boont-r-extended-sequence-x-private"
> >
> >2.2.7  Private Use Subtags
> >
> >    The following rules apply to private-use subtags:
> >
> >    o  Private-use subtags are separated from the other subtags defined
> >       in this document by the reserved single-character subtag 'x'.
> >    o  Private-use subtags MUST follow all language, extended language,
> >       script, region, variant, and extension subtags in the tag.
> >       Another way of saying this is that all subtags following the
> >       singleton 'x' MUST be considered private use.  Example: The subtag
> >       'US' in the tag "en-x-US" is a private use subtag.
> >    o  Unlike Extensions, a tag MAY consist entirely of private-use
> >       subtags.
> >
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    o  No source is defined for private use subtags.  Use of private use
> >       subtags is by private agreement and SHOULD NOT be considered part
> >       of this document.
> >
> >    For example: Users who wished to utilize SIL Ethnologue for
> >    identification might agree to exchange tags such as
> >    "az-Arab-x-AZE-derbend".  This example contains two private-use
> >    subtags.  The first is 'AZE' and the second is 'derbend'.
> >
> >2.2.8  Pre-Existing RFC 3066 Registrations
> >
> >    Existing IANA-registered language tags from RFC 1766 and/or RFC 3066
> >    that are not defined by additions to this document maintain their
> >    validity.  IANA will maintain these tags in the registry under either
> >    the "grandfathered" or "redundant" type.  For more information see
> >    Appendix C.
> >
> >    It is important to note that all language tags formed under the
> >    guidelines in this document were either legal, well-formed tags or
> >    were valid for potential registration under RFC 3066.
> >
> >2.2.9  Possibilities for Registration
> >
> >    Possibilities for registration of subtags include:
> >
> >    o  Primary language subtags for languages not listed in ISO 639 that
> >       are not variants of any listed or registered language, can be
> >       registered.  At the time this document was created there were no
> >       examples of this form of subtag.  Before attempting to register a
> >       language subtag, there MUST be an attempt to register the language
> >       with ISO 639.  No language subtags will be registered for codes
> >       that exist in ISO 639-1 or ISO 639-2, which are under
> >       consideration by the ISO 639 maintenance or registration
> >       authorities, or which have never been attempted for registration
> >       with those authorities.  If ISO 639 has previously rejected a
> >       language for registration, it is reasonable to assume that there
> >       MUST be additional very compelling evidence of need before it will
> >       be registered in the IANA registry (to the extent that it is very
> >       unlikely that any subtags will be registered of this type).
> >    o  Dialect or other divisions or variations within a language, its
> >       orthography, writing system, regional variation, or historical
> >       usage may be registered as variant subtags.  An example is the
> >       'scouse' subtag (the Scouse dialect of English).
> >
> >    This document leaves the decision on what subtags are appropriate or
> >    not to the registration process described in Section 3.3.
> >
> >    ISO 639 defines a maintenance agency for additions to and changes in
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    the list of languages in ISO 639.  This agency is:
> >
> >    International Information Centre for Terminology (Infoterm)
> >    Aichholzgasse 6/12, AT-1120
> >    Wien, Austria
> >    Phone: +43 1 26 75 35 Ext.  312 Fax: +43 1 216 32 72
> >
> >    ISO 639-2 defines a maintenance agency for additions to and changes
> >    in the list of languages in ISO 639-2.  This agency is:
> >
> >    Library of Congress
> >    Network Development and MARC Standards Office
> >    Washington, D.C.  20540 USA
> >    Phone: +1 202 707 6237  Fax: +1 202 707 0115
> >    URL: http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639
> >
> >    The maintenance agency for ISO 3166 (country codes) is:
> >
> >    ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency
> >    c/o International Organization for Standardization
> >    Case postale 56
> >    CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland
> >    Phone: +41 22 749 72 33  Fax: +41 22 749 73 49
> >    URL: http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html
> >
> >    The registration authority for ISO 15924 (script codes) is:
> >
> >    Unicode Consortium Box 391476
> >    Mountain View, CA 94039-1476, USA
> >    URL: http://www.unicode.org/iso15924
> >
> >    The Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat maintains
> >    the Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use and can be
> >    reached at:
> >
> >    Statistical Services Branch
> >    Statistics Division
> >    United Nations, Room DC2-1620
> >    New York, NY 10017, USA
> >
> >    Fax: +1-212-963-0623
> >    E-mail: statistics@un.org
> >    URL: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49alpha.htm
> >
> >2.2.10  Classes of Conformance
> >
> >    Implementations may wish to express their level of conformance with
> >    the rules and practices described in this document.  There are
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    generally two classes of conforming implementations: "well-formed"
> >    processors and "validating" processors.  Claims of conformance SHOULD
> >    explicitly reference one of these definitions.
> >
> >    An implementation that claims to check for well-formed language tags
> >    MUST:
> >    o  Check that the tag and all of its subtags, including extension and
> >       private-use subtags, conform to the ABNF or that the tag is on the
> >       list of grandfathered tags.
> >    o  Check that singleton subtags that identify extensions do not
> >       repeat.  For example, the tag "en-a-xx-b-yy-a-zz" is not
> >       well-formed.
> >
> >    Well-formed processors are strongly encouraged to implement the
> >    canonicalization rules contained in Section 2.4.1.
> >
> >    An implementation that claims to be validating MUST:
> >    o  Check that the tag is well-formed.
> >    o  Specify the particular registry date for which the implementation
> >       performs validation of subtags.
> >    o  Check that either the tag is a grandfathered tag, or that all
> >       language, script, region, and variant subtags consist of valid
> >       codes for use in language tags according to the IANA registry as
> >       of the particular date specified by the implementation.
> >    o  Specify which, if any, extension RFCs as defined in Section 3.4
> >       are supported, including version, revision, and date.
> >    o  For any such extensions supported, check that all subtags used in
> >       that extension are valid.
> >    o  If the processor generates tags, it MUST do so in canonical form,
> >       including any supported extensions, as defined in Section 2.4.1.
> >
> >2.3  Choice of Language Tag
> >
> >    One may occasionally be faced with several possible tags for the same
> >    body of text.
> >
> >    Interoperability is best served when all users use the same language
> >    tag in order to represent the same language.  If an application has
> >    requirements that make the rules here inapplicable, then that
> >    application risks damaging interoperability.  It is STRONGLY
> >    RECOMMENDED that users not define their own rules for language tag
> >    choice.
> >
> >    Standards, protocols and applications that reference this document
> >    normatively but apply different rules to the ones given in this
> >    section MUST specify how the procedure varies from the one given
> >    here.
> >
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    1.  Use as precise a tag as possible, but no more specific than is
> >        justified.  For example, 'de' might suffice for tagging an email
> >        written in German, while "de-CH-1996" is probably unnecessarily
> >        precise for such a task.
> >    2.  Avoid using subtags that are not important for distinguishing
> >        content in an application.  For example, including the script
> >        subtag in "en-Latn-US" is generally unnecessary, since nearly all
> >        English texts are written in the Latin script and it is generally
> >        not important to filter out those few that are not.
> >    3.  Use the canonical subtag from the IANA registry in preference to
> >        any of its aliases.  For example, you should use 'he' for Hebrew
> >        in preference to 'iw'.
> >    4.  You SHOULD NOT use the 'UND' (Undetermined) language subtag to
> >        label content, even if the language is unknown.  Omitting the tag
> >        is preferred.  Some protocols may force you to give a value for
> >        the language tag and the 'UND' subtag may be useful when matching
> >        language tags in certain situations.
> >    5.  You SHOULD NOT use the 'MUL' (Multiple) subtag if the protocol
> >        allows you to use multiple languages, as is the case for the
> >        Content-Language header in HTTP.
> >    6.  You SHOULD NOT use the same variant subtag more than once within
> >        a language tag.  For example, you should not use
> >        "en-US-boont-boont".
> >
> >    To ensure consistent backward compatibility, this document contains
> >    several provisions to account for potential instability in the
> >    standards used to define the subtags that make up language tags.
> >    These provisions mean that no language tag created under the rules in
> >    this document will become obsolete.  In addition, tags that are in
> >    canonical form will always be in canonical form.
> >
> >2.4  Meaning of the Language Tag
> >
> >    The language tag always defines a language as spoken (or written,
> >    signed or otherwise signaled) by human beings for communication of
> >    information to other human beings.  Computer languages such as
> >    programming languages are explicitly excluded.
> >
> >    If a language tag B contains language tag A as a prefix, then B is
> >    typically "narrower" or "more specific" than A.  For example,
> >    "zh-Hant-TW" is more specific than "zh-Hant".
> >
> >    This relationship is not guaranteed in all cases: specifically,
> >    languages that begin with the same sequence of subtags are NOT
> >    guaranteed to be mutually intelligible, although they may be.  For
> >    example, the tag "az" shares a prefix with both "az-Latn"
> >    (Azerbaijani written using the Latin script) and "az-Cyrl"
> >    (Azerbaijani written using the Cyrillic script).  A person fluent in
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    one script may not be able to read the other, even though the text
> >    might be identical.  Content tagged as "az" most probably is written
> >    in just one script and thus might not be intelligible to a reader
> >    familiar with the other script.
> >
> >    The relationship between the tag and the information it relates to is
> >    defined by the standard describing the context in which it appears.
> >    Accordingly, this section can only give possible examples of its
> >    usage.
> >    o  For a single information object, the associated language tags
> >       might be interpreted as the set of languages that is required for
> >       a complete comprehension of the complete object.  Example: Plain
> >       text documents.
> >    o  For an aggregation of information objects, the associated language
> >       tags could be taken as the set of languages used inside components
> >       of that aggregation.  Examples: Document stores and libraries.
> >    o  For information objects whose purpose is to provide alternatives,
> >       the associated language tags could be regarded as a hint that the
> >       content is provided in several languages, and that one has to
> >       inspect each of the alternatives in order to find its language or
> >       languages.  In this case, the presence of multiple tags might not
> >       mean that one needs to be multi-lingual to get complete
> >       understanding of the document.  Example: MIME
> >       multipart/alternative.
> >    o  In markup languages, such as HTML and XML, language information
> >       can be added to each part of the document identified by the markup
> >       structure (including the whole document itself).  For example, one
> >       could write <span lang="FR">C'est la vie.</span> inside a
> >       Norwegian document; the Norwegian-speaking user could then access
> >       a French-Norwegian dictionary to find out what the marked section
> >       meant.  If the user were listening to that document through a
> >       speech synthesis interface, this formation could be used to signal
> >       the synthesizer to appropriately apply French text-to-speech
> >       pronunciation rules to that span of text, instead of misapplying
> >       the Norwegian rules.
> >
> >2.4.1  Canonicalization of Language Tags
> >
> >    Since a particular language tag may be used in many processes,
> >    language tags SHOULD always be created or generated in a canonical
> >    form.
> >
> >    A language tag is in canonical form when:
> >    1.  The tag is well-formed according the rules in Section 2.1 and
> >        Section 2.2.
> >    2.  None of the subtags in the language tag has a canonical_value
> >        mapping in the IANA registry (see Section 3.1).  Subtags with a
> >        canonical_value mapping MUST be replaced with their mapping in
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >        order to canonicalize the tag.
> >    3.  If more than one extension subtag sequence exists, the extension
> >        sequences are ordered into case-insensitive ASCII order by
> >        singleton subtag.
> >
> >    Example: The language tag "en-A-aaa-B-ccc-bbb-x-xyz" is in canonical
> >    form, while "en-B-ccc-bbb-A-aaa-X-xyz" is well-formed but not in
> >    canonical form.
> >
> >    Example: The language tag "en-NH" (English as used in the New
> >    Hebrides) is not canonical because the 'NH' subtag has a canonical
> >    mapping to 'VU' (Vanuatu).
> >
> >    Note: Canonicalization of language tags does not imply anything about
> >    the use of upper or lowercase letter in subtags as described in
> >    Section 2.1.  All comparisons MUST be performed in a case-insensitive
> >    manner.
> >
> >    Note: the value "--" in the canonical_value field of the registry
> >    indicates a tag or subtag that has been deprecated and for which no
> >    replacement or canonical equivalent has been assigned.  Validating
> >    processors SHOULD NOT generate tags that include these values.
> >
> >    An extension MUST define any relationships that may exist between the
> >    various subtags in the extension and thus MAY define an alternate
> >    canonicalization scheme for the extension's subtags.  Extensions MAY
> >    define how the order of the extension's subtags are interpreted.  For
> >    example, an extension could define that its subtags are in canonical
> >    order when the subtags are placed into ASCII order: that is,
> >    "en-a-aaa-bbb-ccc" instead of "en-a-ccc-bbb-aaa".  Another extension
> >    might define that the order of the subtags influences their semantic
> >    meaning (so that "en-b-ccc-bbb-aaa" has a different value from
> >    "en-b-aaa-bbb-ccc").  However, extension specifications SHOULD be
> >    designed so that they are tolerant of the typical processes described
> >    in Section 3.4.
> >
> >2.5  Considerations for Private Use Subtags
> >
> >    Private-use subtags require private agreement between the parties
> >    that intend to use or exchange language tags that use them and great
> >    caution should be used in employing them in content or protocols
> >    intended for general use.  Private-use subtags are simply useless for
> >    information exchange without prior arrangement.
> >
> >    The value and semantic meaning of private-use tags and of the subtags
> >    used within such a language tag are not defined by this document.
> >
> >    The use of subtags defined in the IANA registry as having a specific
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    private use meaning convey more information that a purely private use
> >    tag prefixed by the singleton subtag 'x'.  For applications this
> >    additional information may be useful.
> >
> >    For example, the region subtags 'AA', 'ZZ' and in the ranges
> >    'QM'-'QZ' and 'XA'-'XZ' (derived from ISO 3166 private use codes) may
> >    be used to form a language tag.  A tag such as "zh-Hans-XQ" conveys a
> >    great deal of public, interchangeable information about the language
> >    material (that it is Chinese in the simplified Chinese script and is
> >    suitable for some geographic region 'XQ').  While the precise
> >    geographic region is not known outside of private agreement, the tag
> >    conveys far more information than an opaque tag such as "x-someLang",
> >    which contains no information about the language subtag or script
> >    subtag outside of the private agreement.
> >
> >    However, in some cases content tagged with private use subtags may
> >    interact with other systems in a different and possibly unsuitable
> >    manner compared to tags that use opaque, privately defined subtags,
> >    so the choice of the best approach may depend on the particular
> >    domain in question.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >3.  IANA Considerations
> >
> >    This section deals with the processes and requirements necessary to
> >    maintain the registry of subtags and extensions for use in language
> >    tags as defined by this document and in accordance with the
> >    requirements of RFC 2434 [15].
> >
> >    The language subtag registry will be maintained so that, except for
> >    extension subtags, it is possible to validate all of the subtags that
> >    appear in a language tag under the provisions of this document or its
> >    revisions or successors.  In addition, the meaning of the various
> >    subtags will be unambiguous and stable over time.  (The meaning of
> >    private-use subtags, of course, is not defined by the IANA registry.)
> >
> >    The registry defined under this document contains a comprehensive
> >    list of all of the subtags valid in language tags.  This allows
> >    implementers a straightforward and reliable way to validate language
> >    tags.
> >
> >3.1  Format of the IANA Language Subtag Registry
> >
> >    The IANA Language Subtag Registry will consist of a text file that is
> >    machine readable in the format described in this section, plus copies
> >    of the registration forms approved by the Language Subtag Reviewer in
> >    accordance with the process described in Section 3.3.  With the
> >    exception of the registration forms for grandfathered and redundant
> >    tags, no registration records will be maintained for the initial set
> >    of subtags.
> >
> >    Each record in the subtag registry will consist of a series of fields
> >    separated by the symbol "|" (%x7D) and terminated by a newline.  Text
> >    appearing after the symbol "#" (%x23) contains comments.  Whitespace
> >    surrounding fields in the file is ignored.  If a field contains more
> >    than one value, the values are separated by semicolons (%x3B).
> >
> >    There is a single date record at the start of the file which
> >    indicates the most recent modification date of the file.  It has two
> >    fields: the type field is "date", and the second field is the
> >    modification date, in the "full-date" format specified in RFC 3339
> >    [20].  For example: 2004-06-28 represents June 28, 2004 in the
> >    Gregorian calendar:
> >       date | 2004-06-28
> >
> >    The fields in each subtag record, in order, are:
> >       type| subtag| description| date| canonical_value|
> >       recommended_prefix # comments
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    o  The character "vertical line" ("|", %x7D) delimits each of the
> >       fields.
> >    o  Empty fields (and their separators) at the end of the record may
> >       be omitted.
> >    o  Leading or trailing whitespace in each field is not part of the
> >       content.
> >    o  When the type is "grandfathered" or "redundant", then the subtag
> >       field is actually a whole tag.
> >    o  The "recommended_prefix" field is empty, except where the type is
> >       "variant"
> >    o  The "comments" field  is optional and appears only at the end of a
> >       record, following a "number sign" ("#", %x23).
> >    o  The sequence '..' denotes a range of values.  Such a range
> >       represents all subtags of the same length that are alphabetically
> >       within that range, including the values explicitly mentioned.  For
> >       example 'a..c' denotes the values 'a', 'b', and 'c'.
> >
> >    The field 'type' MUST consist of one of the following strings:
> >    "language", "extlang", "script", "region", "variant",
> >    "grandfathered", and "redundant" and denotes the type of subtag (or
> >    tag, in the case of "grandfathered" and "redundant").
> >
> >    The field 'subtag' contains the subtag being defined.
> >
> >    The field 'description' contains a description of the subtag
> >    transcribed into ASCII.
> >
> >    Note: Descriptions in registry entries that correspond to ISO 639,
> >    ISO 15924,  ISO 3166 or UN M.49 codes are intended only to indicate
> >    the meaning of that identifier as defined in the source standard at
> >    the time it was added to the registry.  The description does not
> >    replace the content of the source standard itself.  The descriptions
> >    are not intended to be the English localized names for the subtags
> >    and localization or translation of language tag and subtag
> >    descriptions is out of scope of this document.
> >
> >    The field 'date' contains the date the record was added to the
> >    registry in the "full-date" format specified in RFC 3339 [20].  For
> >    example: 2004-06-28 represents June 28, 2004, in the Gregorian
> >    calendar.
> >
> >    The field 'canonical value' represents a canonical mapping of this
> >    record to a subtag record of the same 'type', except for records of
> >    type "grandfathered" and "redundant".  This field SHALL NOT be
> >    modified (except for records of type "grandfathered"): therefore a
> >    subtag whose record contains no canonical mapping when the record is
> >    created is a canonical form and will remain so.  The 'canonical
> >    value' field in records of type "grandfathered" and "redundant"
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    contain whole language tags that are STRONGLY RECOMMENDED for use in
> >    place of the record's value.  In many cases the mappings were created
> >    by deprecation of the tags during the period before this document was
> >    adopted.  For example, the tag "no-nyn" was deprecated in favor of
> >    the ISO 639-1 defined language code 'nn'.
> >
> >    The value "--" in the 'canonical value' field means that the tag or
> >    subtag has been deprecated and that no replacement value has been
> >    assigned.  For example, the "region" code 'BQ' (British Antarctic
> >    Territory) was withdrawn by ISO 3166 in 1979.  Although valid in
> >    language tags, it is deprecated and validating processors SHOULD NOT
> >    generate this subtag.
> >
> >    The field 'recommended prefix' is for use with registered variants
> >    and contains a semicolon separated list of language-ranges considered
> >    most appropriate for use with this subtag.  Additional values can be
> >    added to this field for variants only via additional registration.
> >    Other modification of this field (such as removing or changing
> >    values) is not permitted.
> >
> >    The field 'comments' may contain additional information about the
> >    subtag, as deemed appropriate for understanding the registry and
> >    implementing language tags using the various subtags.  These values
> >    can be changed via the registration process and no guarantee of
> >    stability is provided.
> >
> >
> >    # IANA Language Subtag Registry
> >    # This registry lists all valid subtags for language tags
> >    # created under RFC XXXX.
> >    date| 2004-08-07
> >
> >    # language codes: ISO 639 and registered codes
> >
> >    # ISO 639-1 (alpha-2) codes
> >    language| aa| Afar| 2004-07-06| |
> >    language| ab| Abkhazian| 2004-07-06| |
> >    language| ae| Avestan| 2004-07-06| |
> >    language| he| hebrew| 2004-06-28| |
> >    language| iw| hebrew| 2004-06-28| he | #note mapping
> >    language| qaa..qtz| PRIVATE USE| 2004-07-06| |
> >    language| raj| Rajasthani| 2004-07-06| |
> >    language| seuss| Hypothetical Language| 2005-04-01 | |# registered
> > language
> >
> >    # script codes: ISO 15924
> >
> >    script| Arab| Arabic| 2004-07-06| |
> >    script| Armn| Armenian| 2004-07-06| |
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    script| Bali| Balinese| 2004-07-06| |
> >    # region codes: ISO 3166 and UN codes
> >
> >    # ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes
> >
> >    region| AA| PRIVATE USE| 2004-08-01| |
> >    region| AD| Andorra| 2004-07-06| |
> >    region| AE| United Arab Emirates| 2004-07-06| |
> >    region| AF| Afghanistan| 2004-07-06| |
> >    region| BQ| British Antarctic Territory | 2004-07-06 | -- | #
> > deprecated 1979
> >    region| CS| Serbia and Montenegro| 2003-07-23| |
> >    region| YU| Yugoslavia| 2004-06-28| |
> >
> >    # United Nations M.49 numeric codes
> >    region| 001| World| 2004-07-06| |
> >    region| 002| Africa| 2004-07-06| |
> >    region| 003| North America| 2004-07-06| |
> >    region| 005| South America| 2004-07-06| |
> >    region| 200| Czechoslovakia| 2004-07-06| | #formerly used code CS
> >
> >    ## registered variants
> >
> >    variant| boont| Boontling| 2003-02-14| | en
> >    variant| gaulish| Gaulish| 2001-05-25| | cel
> >    variant| guoyu| Mandarin or Standard Chinese| 1999-12-18| | zh
> >
> >    # grandfathered from RFC 3066
> >
> >    grandfathered| en-GB-oed| English, Oxford English Dictionary spelling|
> > 2003-07-09| |
> >    grandfathered| i-ami| Amis| 1999-05-25| |
> >    grandfathered| i-bnn| Bunun| 1999-05-25| |
> >    grandfathered| art-lojban| Lojban| 2001-11-11|jbo |  # deprecated in
> > favor of 'jbo'
> >
> >    # redundant
> >    # The following codes were registered as complete tags, but can now be
> >    # composed of registered subtags and do not require registration.
> >
> >    redundant| az-Arab| Azerbaijani in Arabic script| 2003-05-30| |  # use
> > language az + script Arab
> >    redundant| az-Cyrl| Azerbaijani in Cyrillic script| 2003-05-30| |  #
> > use language az + script Cyrl
> >    redundant| en-boont| Boontling| 2003-02-14| |  # use language en +
> > variant boont
> >
> >                 Figure 2: Example of the Registry Format
> >
> >    Maintenance of the registry requires that as new codes are assigned
> >    by ISO 639, ISO 15924, and ISO 3166, the Language Subtag Reviewer
> >    will evaluate each assignment, determine whether it conflicts with
> >    existing registry entries, and submit the information to IANA for
> >    inclusion in the registry.
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    Note: The redundant and grandfathered entries together are the
> >    complete list of tags registered under RFC 3066 [18].  The redundant
> >    tags are those that can now be formed using the subtags defined in
> >    Section 2.2.  The grandfathered entries are those that can never be
> >    legal under those same provisions.  The items in both lists are
> >    permanent and stable, although grandfathered items may be deprecated
> >    over time.  Refer to Appendix C for more information.
> >
> >    RFC 3066 tags that were deprecated prior to the adoption of this
> >    document are part of the list of grandfathered tags and their
> >    component subtags were not included as registered variants (although
> >    they remain eligible for registration).  For example, the tag
> >    "art-lojban" was deprecated in favor of the language subtag 'jbo'.
> >
> >    The Language Subtag Reviewer MUST ensure that new subtags meet the
> >    requirements in Section 2.3 or submit an appropriate alternate subtag
> >    as described in that section.  She or he will use the following form
> >    to submit this information:
> >
> >    LANGUAGE SUBTAG REGISTRATION FORM (NEW RECORD)
> >    Record Text:
> >    Type:
> >    Subtag:
> >    Description:
> >    Date:
> >    Canonical Mapping:
> >    Recommended Prefix:
> >    Comments:
> >
> >                                 Figure 3
> >
> >    The field 'record text' contains the exact record that IANA is to
> >    insert into the Language Subtag Registry.  The contents of the
> >    remaining fields must exactly match those in this field.
> >
> >    Whenever an entry is created or modified in the registry, the 'date'
> >    record at the start of the registry is updated to reflect the most
> >    recent modification date in the RFC 3339 [20] "full-date" format.
> >
> >3.2  Stability of IANA Registry Entries
> >
> >    The stability of entries and their meaning in the registry is
> >    critical to the long term stability of language tags.  The rules in
> >    this section guarantee that a specific language tag's meaning is
> >    stable over time and will not change and that the choice of language
> >    tag for specific content is also stable over time.
> >
> >    These rules specifically deal with how changes to codes (including
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >    withdrawal and deprecation of codes) maintained by ISO 639, ISO
> >    15924, ISO 3166, and UN M.49 are reflected in the IANA Language
> >    Subtag Registry.  Assignments to the IANA Language Subtag Registry
> >    MUST follow the following stability rules:
> >    o  Values in the fields 'type', 'subtag', 'date' and 'canonical
> >       value' MUST NOT be changed and are guaranteed to be stable over
> >       time.
> >    o  Values in the 'description' field MUST NOT be changed in a way
> >       that would invalidate previously-existing tags.  They may be
> >       broadened somewhat in scope, changed to add information, or
> >       adapted to the most common modern usage.  For example, countries
> >       occasionally change their official names: an historical example of
> >       this would be "Upper Volta" changing to "Burkina Faso".
> >    o  Values in the field 'recommended prefix' MAY be added via the
> >       registration process.
> >    o  Values in the field 'recommended prefix' MAY be modified, so long
> >       as the modifications broaden the set of recommended prefixes.
> >       That is, a recommended prefix MAY be replaced by one of its own
> >       prefixes.  For example, the prefix "en-US" could be replaced by
> >       "en", but not by the ranges "en-Latn", "fr", or "en-US-boont".
> >    o  Values in the field 'recommended prefix' MUST NOT be removed.
> >    o  The field 'comments' MAY be added, changed, modified, or removed
> >       via the registration process or any of the processes or
> >       considerations described in this section.
> >    o  Codes assigned by ISO 639, ISO 15924, and ISO 3166 that do not
> >       conflict with existing subtags of the associated type and whose
> >       meaning is not the same as an existing subtag of the same type are
> >       entered into the IANA registry as new records and their value is
> >       canonical for the meaning assigned to them.
> >    o  Codes assigned by ISO 639, ISO 15924, or ISO 3166 that are
> >       withdrawn by their respective maintenance or registration
> >       authority remain valid in language tags.  The registration process
> >       MAY be used to add a note indicating the withdrawal of the code by
> >       the respective standard.
> >    o  Codes assigned by ISO 639, ISO 15924, or ISO 3166 that do not
> >       conflict with existing subtags of the associated type but which
> >       represent the same meaning as an existing subtag of that type are
> >       entered into the IANA registry as new records.  The field
> >       'canonical value' for that record MUST contain the existing subtag
> >       of the same meaning
> >       Example If ISO 3166 were to assign the code 'IM' to represent the
> >          value "Isle of Man" (represented in the IANA registry by the UN
> >          M.49 code '833'), '833' remains the canonical subtag and 'IM'
> >          would be assigned '833' as a canonical value.  This prevents
> >          tags that are in canonical form from becoming non-canonical.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
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> >
> >
> >       Example If the tag 'enochian' were registered as a primary
> >          language subtag and ISO 639 subsequently assigned an alpha-3
> >          code to the same language, the new ISO 639 code would be
> >          entered into the IANA registry as a subtag with a canonical
> >          mapping to 'enochian'.  The new ISO code can be used, but it is
> >          not canonical.
> >    o  Codes assigned by ISO 639, ISO 15924, or ISO 3166 that conflict
> >       with existing subtags of the associated type MUST NOT be entered
> >       into the registry.  The following additional considerations apply:
> >       *  For ISO 639 codes, if the newly assigned code's meaning is not
> >          represented by a subtag in the IANA registry, the Language
> >          Subtag Reviewer, as described in Section 3.3, shall prepare a
> >          proposal for entering in the IANA registry as soon as practical
> >          a registered language subtag as an alternate value for the new
> >          code.  The form of the registered language subtag will be at
> >          the discretion of the Language Subtag Reviewer and must conform
> >          to other restrictions on language subtags in this document.
> >       *  For all subtags whose meaning is derived from an external
> >          standard (i.e.  ISO 639, ISO 15924, ISO 3166, or UN M.49), if a
> >          new meaning is assigned to an existing code and the new meaning
> >          broadens the meaning of that code, then the meaning for the
> >          associated subtag MAY be changed to match.  The meaning of a
> >          subtag MUST NOT be narrowed, however, as this can result in an
> >          unknown proportion of the existing uses of a subtag becoming
> >          invalid.  Note: ISO 639 MA/RA has adopted a similar stability
> >          policy.
> >       *  For ISO 15924 codes, if the newly assigned code's meaning is
> >          not represented by a subtag in the IANA registry, the Language
> >          Subtag Reviewer, as described in Section 3.3, shall prepare a
> >          proposal for entering in the IANA registry as soon as practical
> >          a registered variant subtag as an alternate value for the new
> >          code.  The form of the registered variant subtag will be at the
> >          discretion of the Language Subtag Reviewer and must conform to
> >          other restrictions on variant subtags in this document.
> >       *  For ISO 3166 codes, if the newly assigned code's meaning is
> >          associated with the same UN M.49 code as another 'region'
> >          subtag, then the existing region subtag remains as the
> >          canonical entry for that region and no new entry is created.  A
> >          note MAY be added to the existing region subtag indicating the
> >          relationship to the new ISO 3166 code.
> >       *  For ISO 3166 codes, if the newly assigned code's meaning is
> >          associated with a UN M.49 code that is not represented by an
> >          existing region subtag, then then the Language Subtag Reviewer,
> >          as described in Section 3.3, shall prepare a proposal for
> >          entering the appropriate numeric UN country code as an entry in
> >          the IANA registry.
> >       *  For ISO 3166 codes, if there is no associated UN numeric code,
> >          then the Language Subtag Reviewer SHALL petition the UN to
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 26]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >          create one.  If there is no response from the UN within ninety
> >          days of the request being sent, the Language Subtag Reviewer
> >          shall prepare a proposal for entering in the IANA registry as
> >          soon as practical a registered variant subtag as an alternate
> >          value for the new code.  The form of the registered variant
> >          subtag will be at the discretion of the Language Subtag
> >          Reviewer and must conform to other restrictions on variant
> >          subtags in this document.  This situation is very unlikely to
> >          ever occur.
> >    o  Stability provisions apply to grandfathered tags with this
> >       exception: should all of the subtags in a grandfathered tag become
> >       valid subtags in the IANA registry, then the grandfathered tag
> >       MUST be marked as redundant.  Note that this will not affect
> >       language tags that match the grandfathered tag, since these tags
> >       will now match valid generative subtag sequences.  For example, if
> >       the subtag 'gan' in the language tag "zh-gan" were to be
> >       registered as an extended language subtag, then the grandfathered
> >       tag "zh-gan" would be deprecated (but existing content or
> >       implementations that use "zh-gan" would remain valid).
> >
> >    Language tags formed under RFC 3066 that use the region subtag 'CS'
> >    were ambiguous, since tags produced before 2003 used that code for
> >    the (now dissolved) country Czechoslovakia.  ISO 3166 assigned this
> >    code to the country Serbia and Montenegro in 2003 and this draft
> >    makes that the canonical value for this subtag.  To form a language
> >    tag for the region Czechoslovakia, the UN M.49 code '200' is included
> >    in the registry.  As a practical matter, applications that encounter
> >    the RFC 3066 tag "cs-CS" or "sk-CS" MAY wish to convert that to
> >    "cs-200" or "sk-200" (or use one of the successor region subtags,
> >    such as 'CZ' or 'SK'), since that is the most likely interpretation.
> >
> >3.3  Registration Procedure for Subtags
> >
> >    The procedure given here MUST be used by anyone who wants to use a
> >    subtag not currently in the IANA Language Subtag Registry.
> >
> >    Only primary language and variant subtags will be considered for
> >    independent registration.  (Subtags required for stability and
> >    subtags required to keep the registry synchronized with ISO 639, ISO
> >    15924, ISO 3166, and UN M.49 within the limits defined by this
> >    document are the only exceptions to this.  See Section 3.2.)
> >
> >    This procedure MAY also be used to register or alter the information
> >    for the "description", "note", or "recommended prefix" fields in a
> >    subtag's record as described in Figure 2.  Changes to all other
> >    fields in the IANA registry are NOT permitted.
> >
> >    If registering a new language subtag, the process starts by filling
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 27]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >    out the registration form reproduced below.  Note that each response
> >    is not limited in size and should take the room necessary to
> >    adequately describe the registration.
> >
> >    LANGUAGE SUBTAG REGISTRATION FORM
> >    1. Name of requester:
> >    2. E-mail address of requester:
> >    3. Subtag to be registered:
> >    4. Type of Registration:
> >       [ ] language
> >       [ ] variant
> >    5. Description of subtag (in English or transcribed into ASCII):
> >    6. Intended meaning of the subtag:
> >    7. Recommended prefix(es) of subtag (for variants):
> >    8. Native name of the language or variation (transcribed into ASCII):
> >    9. Reference to published description of the language (book or article):
> >    10. Any other relevant information:
> >
> >                                 Figure 4
> >
> >    The subtag registration form MUST be sent to
> >    <ietf-languages@iana.org> for a two week review period before it can
> >    be submitted to IANA.  (This is an open list.  Requests to be added
> >    should be sent to <ietf-languages-request@iana.org>.)
> >
> >    Variant subtags are generally registered for use with a particular
> >    range of language tags.  For example, the subtag 'boont' is intended
> >    for use with language tags that start with the primary language
> >    subtag "en", since Boontling is a dialect of English.  Thus the
> >    subtag 'boont' could be included in tags such as "en-Latn-boont" or
> >    "en-US-boont".  This information is stored in the "recommended
> >    prefix" field in the registry and MUST be provided in the
> >    registration form.
> >
> >    Any subtag MAY be incorporated into a variety of language tags,
> >    according to the rules of Section 2.1, including tags that do not
> >    match any of the recommended prefixes of the registered subtag.
> >    (Note that this is probably a poor choice.) This makes validation
> >    simpler and thus more uniform across implementations, and does not
> >    require the registration of a separate subtag for the same purpose
> >    and meaning but a different recommended prefix.
> >
> >    The recommended prefixes for a given registered subtag will be
> >    maintained in the IANA registry as a guide to usage.  If it is
> >    necessary to add an additional prefix to that list for an existing
> >    language tag, that can be done by filing an additional registration
> >    form.  In that form, the "Any other relevant information:" field
> >    should indicate that it is the addition of an additional recommended
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 28]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >    prefix.
> >
> >    Requests to add a recommended prefix to a subtag that imply a
> >    different semantic meaning will probably be rejected.  For example, a
> >    request to add the prefix "de" to the subtag 'nedis' so that the tag
> >    "de-nedis" represented some German dialect would be rejected.  The
> >    'nedis' subtag represents a particular Slovenian dialect and the
> >    additional registration would change the semantic meaning assigned to
> >    the subtag.  A separate subtag should be proposed instead.
> >
> >    The Language Subtag Reviewer is responsible for responding to
> >    requests for the registration of subtags through the registration
> >    process  and is appointed by the IESG.
> >
> >    When the two week period has passed the Language Subtag Reviewer
> >    either forwards the request to iana@iana.org, or rejects it because
> >    of significant objections raised on the list or due to problems with
> >    constraints in this document (which should be explicitly cited).  The
> >    reviewer may also extend the review period in two week increments to
> >    permit further discussion.  The reviewer must indicate on the list
> >    whether the registration has been accepted, rejected, or extended
> >    following each two week period.
> >
> >    Note that the reviewer can raise objections on the list if he or she
> >    so desires.  The important thing is that the objection must be made
> >    publicly.
> >
> >    The applicant is free to modify a rejected application with
> >    additional information and submit it again; this restarts the two
> >    week comment period.
> >
> >    Decisions made by the reviewer may be appealed to the IESG [RFC 2028]
> >    [10] under the same rules as other IETF decisions [RFC 2026] [21].
> >
> >    All approved registration forms are available online in the directory
> >    http://www.iana.org/numbers.html under "languages".
> >
> >    Updates of registrations follow the same procedure as registrations.
> >    The subtag reviewer decides whether to allow a new registrant to
> >    update a registration made by someone else; normally objections by
> >    the original registrant would carry extra weight in such a decision.
> >
> >    Registrations are permanent and stable.  Once registered, subtags
> >    will not be removed from the registry and will remain the canonical
> >    method of referring to a specific language or variant.  This
> >    provision does not apply to grandfathered tags, which may become
> >    deprecated due to registration of subtags.  For example, the tag
> >    "i-navajo" is deprecated in favor of the ISO 639-1 based subtag 'nv'.
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 29]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >    Note: The purpose of the "published description" in the registration
> >    form is intended as an aid to people trying to verify whether a
> >    language is registered or what language or language variation a
> >    particular subtag refers to.  In most cases, reference to an
> >    authoritative grammar or dictionary of that language will be useful;
> >    in cases where no such work exists, other well known works describing
> >    that language or in that language may be appropriate.  The subtag
> >    reviewer decides what constitutes "good enough" reference material.
> >    This requirement is not intended to exclude particular languages or
> >    dialects due to the size of the speaker population or lack of a
> >    standardized orthography.  Minority languages will be considered
> >    equally on their own merits.
> >
> >3.4  Extensions and Extensions Namespace
> >
> >    Extension subtags are those introduced by single-letter subtags other
> >    than 'x-'.  They are reserved for the generation of identifiers which
> >    contain a language component, and are compatible with applications
> >    that process language tags according to this specification.  For
> >    example, they might be used to define locale identifiers, which are
> >    generally based on language.
> >
> >    The structure and form of extensions are defined by this document so
> >    that implementations can be created that are forward compatible with
> >    applications that may be created using single-letter subtags in the
> >    future.  In addition, defining a mechanism for maintaining
> >    single-letter subtags will lend to the stability of this document by
> >    reducing the likely need for future revisions or updates.
> >
> >    IANA will maintain a registry of allocated single-letter subtags.
> >    This registry contains the following information: letter identifier;
> >    name; purpose; RFC defining the subtag namespace and its use; and the
> >    name, URL, and email address of the maintaining authority.
> >
> >    Allocation of a single-letter subtag shall take the form of an RFC
> >    defining the name, purpose, processes, and procedures for maintaining
> >    the subtags.  The maintaining or registering authority, including
> >    name, contact email, discussion list email, and URL location of the
> >    registry must be indicated clearly in the RFC.  The RFC MUST specify
> >    each of the following:
> >    o  The specification MUST reference the specific version or revision
> >       of this document that govern its creation and MUST reference this
> >       section of this document.
> >    o  The specification and all subtags defined by the specification
> >       MUST follow the ABNF and other rules for the formation of tags and
> >       subtags as defined in this document.  In particular it MUST
> >       specify that case is not significant.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 30]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >    o  The specification MUST specify a canonical representation.
> >    o  The specification of valid subtags MUST be available over the
> >       Internet and at no cost.
> >    o  The specification MUST be in the public domain or available via a
> >       royalty-free license acceptable to the IETF and specified in the
> >       RFC.
> >    o  The specification MUST be versioned and each version of the
> >       specification MUST be numbered, dated, and stable.
> >    o  The specification MUST be stable.  That is, extension subtags,
> >       once defined by a specification, MUST NOT be retracted or change
> >       in meaning in any substantial way.
> >    o  IANA MUST be informed of changes to the contact information and
> >       URL for the specification.
> >
> >    The determination of whether an Internet-Draft meets the above
> >    conditions and the decision to grant or withhold such authority rests
> >    solely with the IESG, and is subject to the normal review and appeals
> >    process associated with the RFC process.
> >
> >    Extension authors are strongly cautioned that many (including most
> >    well-formed) processors will be unaware of any special relationships
> >    or meaning inherent in the order of extension subtags.  Extension
> >    authors SHOULD avoid subtag relationships or canonicalization
> >    mechanisms that interfere with matching or with length restrictions
> >    that may exist in common protocols where the extension is used.  In
> >    particular, applications may truncate the subtags in doing matching
> >    or in fitting into limited lengths, so it is RECOMMENDED that the
> >    most significant information be in the most significant (left-most)
> >    subtags, and that the specification gracefully handle truncated
> >    subtags.
> >
> >    When a language tag is to be used in a specific, known, protocol, it
> >    is RECOMMENDED that that the language tag not contain extensions not
> >    supported by that protocol.  In addition, it should be noted that
> >    some protocols may impose upper limits on the length of the strings
> >    used to store or transport the language tag.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 31]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >4.  Security Considerations
> >
> >    The only security issue that has been raised with language tags since
> >    the publication of RFC 1766, which stated that "Security issues are
> >    believed to be irrelevant to this memo", is a concern with language
> >    identifiers used in content negotiation - that they may be used to
> >    infer the nationality of the sender, and thus identify potential
> >    targets for surveillance.
> >
> >    This is a special case of the general problem that anything you send
> >    is visible to the receiving party.  It is useful to be aware that
> >    such concerns can exist in some cases.
> >
> >    The evaluation of the exact magnitude of the threat, and any possible
> >    countermeasures, is left to each application protocol.
> >
> >    Although the specification of valid subtags for an extension MUST be
> >    available over the Internet, implementations SHOULD NOT mechanically
> >    depend on it being always accessible, to prevent denial-of-service
> >    attacks.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 32]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >5.  Character Set Considerations
> >
> >    The syntax in this document requires that language tags use only the
> >    characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, and HYPHEN-MINUS, which are present in most
> >    character sets, so presentation of language tags should not have any
> >    character set issues.
> >
> >    Rendering of characters based on the content of a language tag is not
> >    addressed in this memo.  Historically, some languages have relied on
> >    the use of specific character sets or other information in order to
> >    infer how a specific character should be rendered (notably this
> >    applies to language and culture specific variations of Han ideographs
> >    as used in Japanese, Chinese, and Korean).  When language tags are
> >    applied to spans of text, rendering engines may use that information
> >    in deciding which font to use in the absence of other information,
> >    particularly where languages with distinct writing traditions use the
> >    same characters.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 33]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >6.  Changes from RFC 3066
> >
> >    The main goals for this revision of language tags were the following:
> >
> >    *Compatibility.* All valid RFC 3066 language tags  (including those
> >    in the IANA registry)  remain valid in this specification.  Thus
> >    there is complete backward compatibility of this specification with
> >    existing content.  In addition, this document defines language tags
> >    in such as way as to ensure future compatibility, and processors
> >    based solely on the RFC 3066 ABNF (such as those described in XML
> >    Schema version 1.0) will be able to process tags described by this
> >    document.
> >
> >    *Stability.* Because of the changes in underlying ISO standards, a
> >    valid RFC 3066 language tag may become invalid (or have its meaning
> >    change) at a later date.  With so much of the world's computing
> >    infrastructure dependent on language tags, this is simply
> >    unacceptable: it invalidates content that may have an extensive
> >    shelf-life.  In this specification, once a language tag is valid, it
> >    remains valid forever.  Previously, there was no way to determine
> >    when two tags were equivalent.  This specification provides a stable
> >    mechanism for doing so, through the use of canonical forms.  These
> >    are also stable, so that implementations can depend on the use of
> >    canonical forms to assess equivalency.
> >
> >    *Validity.*  The structure of language tags defined by this document
> >    makes it possible to determine if a particular tag is well-formed
> >    without regard for the actual content or "meaning" of the tag as a
> >    whole.  This is important because the registry and underlying
> >    standards  change over time.  In addition, it must be possible to
> >    determine if a tag is valid (or not) for a given point in time in
> >    order  to provide reproducible, testable results.  This process must
> >    not be error-prone; otherwise even intelligent people will generate
> >    implementations that give different results.  This specification
> >    provides for that by having a single data file, with specific
> >    versioning information, so that the validity of language tags at any
> >    point in time can be precisely determined (instead of interpolating
> >    values from many separate sources).
> >
> >    *Extensibility.* It is important to be able to differentiate between
> >    written forms of language -- for many implementations this is more
> >    important than distinguishing between spoken variants of a language.
> >    Languages are written in a wide variety of different scripts, so this
> >    document provides for the generative use of ISO 15924 script codes.
> >    Like the generative use of ISO language and country codes in RFC
> >    3066, this allows combinations to be produced without resorting to
> >    the registration process.  The addition of UN codes provides for the
> >    generation of language tags with regional scope, which is also
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 34]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >    required for information technology.
> >
> >    The recast of the registry from containing whole language tags to
> >    subtags is a key part of this.  An important feature of RFC 3066 was
> >    that it allowed generative use of subtags.  This allows people to
> >    meaningfully use generated tags, without the delays in registering
> >    whole tags, and the burden on the registry of having to supply all of
> >    the combinations that people may find useful.
> >
> >    Because of the widespread use of language tags, it is potentially
> >    disruptive to have periodic revisions of the core specification,
> >    despite demonstrated need.  The extension mechanism provides for a
> >    way for independent RFCs to define extensions to language tags.
> >    These extensions have a very constrained, well-defined structure to
> >    prevent extensions from interfering with implementations of language
> >    tags defined in this document.  The document also anticipates
> >    features of ISO 639-3 with the addition of the extlang subtags.  The
> >    use and definition of private use tags has also been modified, to
> >    allow people to move as much information as possible out of private
> >    use tags, and into the regular structure.  The goal is to
> >    dramatically reduce the need to produce a revision of this document
> >    in the future.
> >
> >    The specific changes in this document to meet these goals are:
> >    o  Defines the ABNF and rules for subtags so that the category of all
> >       subtags can be determined without reference to the registry.
> >    o  Adds the concept of well-formed vs.  validating processors,
> >       defining the rules by which an implementation can claim to be one
> >       or the other.
> >    o  Changes the IANA language tag registry to a language subtag
> >       registry that provides a complete list of valid subtags in the
> >       IANA registry.  This allows for robust implementation and ease of
> >       maintenance.  The language subtag registry becomes the canonical
> >       source for forming language tags.
> >    o  Provides a process that guarantees stability of language tags, by
> >       handling reuse of values by ISO 639, ISO 15924, and ISO 3166 in
> >       the event that they register a previously used value for a new
> >       purpose.
> >    o  Allows ISO 15924 script code subtags and allows them to be used
> >       generatively.  Adds the concept of a variant subtag and allows
> >       variants to be used generatively.  Adds the ability to use a class
> >       of UN tags as regions.
> >    o  Defines the private-use tags in ISO 639, ISO 15924, and ISO 3166
> >       as the mechanism for creating private-use language, script, and
> >       region subtags respectively.
> >    o  Adds a well-defined extension mechanism.
> >    o  Defines an extended language subtag, possibly for use with certain
> >       anticipated features of ISO 639-3.
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 35]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >    Ed Note: The following items are provided for the convenience of
> >    reviewers and will be removed from the final document.
> >
> >    Changes between draft-phillips-langtags-10 and this version are:
> >    o  Expunged the terminology "language range", since that section goes
> >       with matching (A.Phillips, M.Davis)
> >    o  Added text describing the handling of existing RFC 3066 registry
> >       entries that were deprecated prior to the adoption of this
> >       document.  These tags are now grandfathered.  (A.Phillips,
> >       D.Ewell)
> >    o  Modified the conversion rules for the registry (Appendix C) to
> >       refer to the chairs, the LTRU mail list and so forth (A.Phillips)
> >    o  Added text to allow tags and subtags to be deprecated using the
> >       canonical value "--".  This is applied to codes withdrawn by ISO
> >       639 MA and ISO 3166 MA, for example.  (F.Ellerman, D.Ewell)
> >
> >7.  References
> >
> >    [1]   International Organization for Standardization, "ISO
> >          639-1:2002, Codes for the representation of names of languages
> >          -- Part 1: Alpha-2 code", ISO Standard 639, 2002.
> >
> >    [2]   International Organization for Standardization, "ISO 639-2:1998
> >          - Codes for the representation of names of languages -- Part 2:
> >          Alpha-3 code - edition 1", August 1988.
> >
> >    [3]   ISO TC46/WG3, "ISO 15924:2003 (E/F) - Codes for the
> >          representation of names of scripts", January 2004.
> >
> >    [4]   International Organization for Standardization, "Codes for the
> >          representation of names of countries, 3rd edition",
> >          ISO Standard 3166, August 1988.
> >
> >    [5]   Statistical Division, United Nations, "Standard Country or Area
> >          Codes for Statistical Use", UN Standard Country or Area Codes
> >          for Statistical Use, Revision 4 (United Nations publication,
> >          Sales No. 98.XVII.9, June 1999.
> >
> >    [6]   ISO 639 Joint Advisory Committee, "ISO 639 Joint Advisory
> >          Committee:  Working principles for ISO 639 maintenance", March
> >          2000,
> >          <http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/iso639jac_n3r.html>.
> >
> >    [7]   Hardcastle-Kille, S., "Mapping between X.400(1988) / ISO 10021
> >          and RFC 822", RFC 1327, May 1992.
> >
> >    [8]   Borenstein, N. and N. Freed, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail
> >          Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 36]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >          the Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC 1521, September
> >          1993.
> >
> >    [9]   Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages",
> >          RFC 1766, March 1995.
> >
> >    [10]  Hovey, R. and S. Bradner, "The Organizations Involved in the
> >          IETF Standards Process", BCP 11, RFC 2028, October 1996.
> >
> >    [11]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
> >          Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
> >
> >    [12]  Freed, N. and K. Moore, "MIME Parameter Value and Encoded Word
> >          Extensions: Character Sets, Languages, and Continuations",
> >          RFC 2231, November 1997.
> >
> >    [13]  Crocker, D., Ed. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
> >          Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.
> >
> >    [14]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R. and L. Masinter, "Uniform
> >          Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax", RFC 2396, August
> >          1998.
> >
> >    [15]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA
> >          Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October
> >          1998.
> >
> >    [16]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter, L.,
> >          Leach, P. and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol --
> >          HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
> >
> >    [17]  Carpenter, B., Baker, F. and M. Roberts, "Memorandum of
> >          Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the Internet
> >          Assigned Numbers Authority", RFC 2860, June 2000.
> >
> >    [18]  Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of Languages",
> >          BCP 47, RFC 3066, January 2001.
> >
> >    [19]  Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646",
> >          STD 63, RFC 3629, November 2003.
> >
> >    [20]  Klyne, G. and C. Newman, "Date and Time on the Internet:
> >          Timestamps", RFC 3339, July 2002.
> >
> >    [21]  <http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt>
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 37]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >Authors' Addresses
> >
> >    Addison Phillips (editor)
> >    Quest Software
> >
> >    Email: addison.phillips@quest.com
> >
> >
> >    Mark Davis (editor)
> >    IBM
> >
> >    Email: mark.davis@us.ibm.com
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 38]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >Appendix A.  Acknowledgements
> >
> >    Any list of contributors is bound to be incomplete; please regard the
> >    following as only a selection from the group of people who have
> >    contributed to make this document what it is today.
> >
> >    The contributors to RFC 3066 and RFC 1766, the precursors of this
> >    document, made enormous contributions directly or indirectly to this
> >    document and are generally responsible for the success of language
> >    tags.
> >
> >    The following people (in alphabetical order) contributed to this
> >    document or to RFCs 1766 and 3066:
> >
> >    Glenn Adams, Harald Tveit Alvestrand, Tim Berners-Lee, Marc Blanchet,
> >    Nathaniel Borenstein, Eric Brunner, Sean M.  Burke, Jeremy Carroll,
> >    John Clews, Jim Conklin, Peter Constable, John Cowan, Mark Crispin,
> >    Dave Crocker, Martin Duerst, Frank Ellerman, Michael Everson, Doug
> >    Ewell, Ned Freed, Tim Goodwin, Dirk-Willem van Gulik, Marion Gunn,
> >    Joel Halpren, Elliotte Rusty Harold, Paul Hoffman, Richard Ishida,
> >    Olle Jarnefors, Kent Karlsson, John Klensin, Alain LaBonte, Eric
> >    Mader, Keith Moore, Chris Newman, Masataka Ohta, George Rhoten,
> >    Markus Scherer, Keld Jorn Simonsen, Thierry Sourbier, Otto Stolz, Tex
> >    Texin, Andrea Vine, Rhys Weatherley, Misha Wolf, Francois Yergeau and
> >    many, many others.
> >
> >    Very special thanks must go to Harald Tveit Alvestrand, who
> >    originated RFCs 1766 and 3066, and without whom this document would
> >    not have been possible.  Special thanks must go to Michael Everson,
> >    who has served as language tag reviewer for almost the complete
> >    period since the publication of RFC 1766.  Special thanks to Doug
> >    Ewell, for his production of the first complete subtag registry, and
> >    his work in producing a test parser for verifying language tags.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 39]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >Appendix B.  Examples of Language Tags (Informative)
> >
> >    Simple language subtag:
> >       de (German)
> >       fr (French)
> >       ja (Japanese)
> >       i-enochian (example of a grandfathered tag)
> >
> >    Language subtag plus Script subtag:
> >       zh-Hant (Traditional Chinese)
> >       en-Latn (English written in Latin script)
> >       sr-Cyrl (Serbian written with Cyrillic script)
> >
> >    Language-Script-Region:
> >       zh-Hans-CN (Simplified Chinese for the PRC)
> >       sr-Latn-CS (Serbian, Latin script, Serbia and Montenegro)
> >
> >    Language-Script-Region-Variant:
> >       en-Latn-US-boont (Boontling dialect of English)
> >       de-Latn-CH-1996 (German written in Latin script for Switzerland
> >       using the orthography of 1996)
> >
> >    Language-Region:
> >       de-DE (German for Germany)
> >       zh-SG (Chinese for Singapore)
> >       cs-200 (Czech for Czechoslovakia)
> >       sr-CS (Serbian for Serbia and Montenegro)
> >       es-419 (Spanish for Latin America and Caribbean region using the
> >       UN region code)
> >
> >    Other Mixtures:
> >       en-boont (Boontling dialect of English)
> >
> >    private-use mechanism:
> >       de-CH-x-phonebk
> >       az-Arab-x-AZE-derbend
> >
> >    Extended language subtags (examples ONLY: extended languages must be
> >    defined by revision or update to this document):
> >       zh-min
> >       zh-min-nan-Hant-CN
> >
> >    Private-use subtags:
> >       x-whatever (private use using the singleton 'x')
> >       qaa-Qaaa-QM-x-southern (all private tags)
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 40]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >       de-Qaaa (German, with a private script)
> >       de-Latn-QM (German, Latin-script, private region)
> >       de-Qaaa-DE (German, private script, for Germany)
> >
> >    Tags that use extensions (examples ONLY: extensions must be defined
> >    by revision or update to this document or by RFC):
> >       en-US-u-islamCal
> >       zh-CN-a-myExt-x-private
> >       en-a-myExt-b-another
> >
> >    Some Invalid Tags:
> >       de-419-DE (two region tags)
> >       a-DE (use of a single character subtag in primary position; note
> >       that there are a few grandfathered tags that start with "i-" that
> >       are valid)
> >       ar-a-aaa-b-bbb-a-ccc (two extensions with same single letter
> >       prefix)
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 41]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >Appendix C.  Conversion of the RFC 3066 Language Tag Registry
> >
> >    Upon publication of this document as a BCP, the existing IANA
> >    language tag registry must be converted into the new subtag registry.
> >    This section defines the process for performing this conversion.
> >
> >    The impact on the IANA maintainers of the registry of this conversion
> >    will be a small increase in the frequency of new entries.  The
> >    initial set of records represents no impact on IANA, since the work
> >    to create it will be performed externally.
> >
> >    When this document is published, an email will be sent by the
> >    chair(s) of the LTRU working group to the LTRU and ietf-languages
> >    mail lists advising of the impending conversion of the registry.  In
> >    that notice, the chair(s) will provide a URL whose referred content
> >    is the proposed IANA Language Subtag Registry following conversion.
> >    There will be a Last Call period of not less than four weeks for
> >    comments and corrections to be discussed on the
> >    ietf-languages@iana.org mail list.  Changes as a result of comments
> >    will not restart the Last Call period.  At the end of the period, the
> >    chair(s) will forward the URL to IANA, which will post the new
> >    registry on-line.
> >
> >    Tags that are currently deprecated will be maintained as
> >    grandfathered entries.  The record for the grandfathered entry will
> >    contain a note indicating that the entry is 'deprecated' and reason
> >    for the deprecation.  For example, the tag "art-lojban" is deprecated
> >    and will be placed in the grandfathered section.
> >
> >    Tags that are not deprecated that consist entirely of subtags that
> >    are valid under this document and which have the correct form and
> >    format for tags defined by this document are superseded by this
> >    document.  Such tags are placed in the 'redundant' section of the
> >    registry.  For example, zh-Hant is now defined by this document.
> >
> >    Tags that contain subtags which are consistent with registration
> >    under the guidelines in this document will have a new subtag
> >    registration created for each eligible subtag.  If all of the subtags
> >    in the original tag are fully defined by the resulting registrations
> >    or by this document, then the original tag is superseded by this
> >    document.  Such tags are placed in the 'redundant' section of the
> >    registry.  For example, en-boont will result in a new subtag "boont"
> >    and the RFC 3066 registered tag 'en-boont' placed in the redundant
> >    section of the registry.
> >
> >    Tags that contain one or more subtags that do not match the valid
> >    registration pattern and which are not otherwise defined by this
> >    document are marked as 'grandfathered' by this document.
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 42]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >    There will be a reasonable period in which the community may comment
> >    on the proposed list entries, which SHALL be no less than four weeks
> >    in length.  At the completion of this period, the chair(s) will
> >    notify iana@iana.org and the ltru and ietf-languages mail lists that
> >    the task is complete and forward the necessary materials to IANA for
> >    publication.
> >
> >    Registrations that are in process under the rules defined in RFC 3066
> >    MAY be completed under the former rules, at the discretion of the
> >    language tag reviewer.  Any new registrations submitted after the
> >    request for conversion of the registry MUST be rejected.
> >
> >    All existing RFC 3066 language tag registrations will be maintained
> >    in perpetuity.
> >
> >    Users of tags that are grandfathered should consider registering
> >    appropriate subtags in the IANA subtag registry (but are not required
> >    to).
> >
> >    Where two subtags have the same meaning, the priority of which to
> >    make canonical SHALL be the following:
> >    o  As of the date of acceptance of this document as a BCP, if a code
> >       exists in the associated ISO standard and it is not deprecated or
> >       withdrawn as of that date, then it has priority.
> >    o  Otherwise, the earlier-registered tag in the associated ISO
> >       standard has priority.
> >
> >    UN numeric codes assigned to 'macro-geographical (continental)' or
> >    sub-regions not associated with an assigned ISO 3166 alpha-2 code are
> >    defined in the IANA registry and are valid for use in language tags.
> >    These codes MUST be added to the initial version of the registry.
> >    The UN numeric codes for 'economic groupings' or 'other groupings',
> >    and the alphanumeric codes in Appendix X of the UN document MUST NOT
> >    be added to the registry.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 43]
> >
> >Internet-Draft                  langtags                      March 2005
> >
> >
> >Intellectual Property Statement
> >
> >    The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
> >    Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
> >    pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
> >    this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
> >    might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
> >    made any independent effort to identify any such rights.  Information
> >    on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
> >    found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
> >
> >    Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
> >    assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
> >    attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
> >    such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
> >    specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
> >    http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
> >
> >    The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
> >    copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
> >    rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
> >    this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF at
> >    ietf-ipr@ietf.org.
> >
> >
> >Disclaimer of Validity
> >
> >    This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
> >    "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
> >    OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
> >    ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
> >    INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
> >    INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
> >    WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
> >
> >
> >Copyright Statement
> >
> >    Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).  This document is subject
> >    to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and
> >    except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.
> >
> >
> >Acknowledgment
> >
> >    Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
> >    Internet Society.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >Phillips & Davis       Expires September 11, 2005              [Page 44]
>
>
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Mar 15 16:15:53 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
Date: Tue, 15 Mar 2005 13:15:05 -0800
Message-ID: <634978A7DF025A40BFEF33EB191E13BC0A9F4BB0@irvmbxw01.quest.com>
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>,
        "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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I think you should quit comparing this to iDNS, although I note that =
iDNS *is* explicitly designed to be compatible with the existing DNS =
system. This explains many of the idiosyncrasies of its design.

RFC 1766/3066 language tags have a considerable history and are =
referenced by a considerable number of other standards. Your desire to =
create an incompatible language tagging system for whatever reason is =
based on the need for some software applications to be updated anyway? =
That's a silly bit of logic.

Forget applications for a moment. Think document formats. There is =
considerable content that contains RFC 3066 language tags. The HTML, =
XML, CSS, HTTP, SMTP, and many derivative standards use these tags =
internally. Many web sites use them to select content--which means the =
server component, not the user agent. Many databases and programming =
languages use them. Content and data has a long shelf life. Breaking =
compatibility is a serious step.

We have devised a format that updates language tags in a compatible =
manner to meet demonstrable needs. What application cannot be addressed =
by this (compatible) design?

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: JFC (Jefsey) Morfin [mailto:jefsey@jefsey.com]
> Sent: 2005?3?15? 12:47
> To: Addison Phillips; Frank Ellermann; ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
>=20
> At 18:14 15/03/2005, Addison Phillips wrote:
> >Allowing multiple subtags to mean the same thing, as Frank suggests =
below,
> >would be a problem. Many language tag processors that I know of are
> >implemented based solely on the values of the tags themselves, with =
no
> >external knowledge baked into them. The existence of a registry might
> >change that to some degree, but you'll still have many of what the =
draft
> >calls "well-formed" processors for which "GB" is just a token.
>=20
> I question myself on this. The DNS is 22 years old, the mail older. I
> understand that one wants to be careful at not changing them too much =
-
> yet
> the market will change them if it solved the spam. IDNs are one year =
and a
> half old and several consider that one can still change or even kill =
them.
> As far as I understand, you refer to applications resulting from RFC =
3066,
> and may be from its predecessor? So they are 3 to 7 years old? They =
most
> probably are browsers/aplications which have anyway to be updated to
> support IDNs (applications needing to check languages are likely to =
also
> use IDNs)?
>=20
> We are going to have a lot of changes in the DNS in the coming month =
to
> support the local TLDs which are to be a must. The support of the =
Tables
> will probably be required at users level, for 3+LD consistency =
checks,etc.
> (even if not planned yet). Many other applications would probably want
> then  to use functions using country codes if they were available.
>=20
> Microsoft always said they wanted to watch the market reaction before
> implementing the IDN support in the OS. This WG could consider user
> located
> functions to get and integrate the IANA cc table and updates . It =
could
> then use them. Would it not be better to start anew while there is =
still a
> "small" base (RFC 3066 is still here for them) rather than to continue =
for
> ever with an old system?
>=20
> BTW I personally think the IDN Tables and other TLD infos (such as the
> lingual aliases of the TLDs) are part of the Locale,
> jfc



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Here are a few statistics on the current draft registry, for those who
find this of interest.

479 language subtags
104 script subtags
301 region subtags
 10 variant subtags
 25 grandfathered tags
 54 redundant tags
for a total of 973 entries

Language subtags with a canonical value:
  in, iw, ji, jw  (4)

Deprecated language subtags (canonical value is '--'):
  sh  (1)

Region subtags with a canonical value:
  BU, DY, HV, NH, RH, TP, YU, ZR  (8)

Deprecated region subtags (canonical value is '--'):
  BQ, CT, DD, FQ, FX, JT, MI, NQ, NT, PC, PU, PZ, SU, VD, WK, YD  (16)

Grandfathered tags with a canonical value:
  art-lojban, i-hak, i-klingon, i-lux, i-navajo, no-bok, no-nyn  (7)

19 entries with a canonical value
17 deprecated entries with no replacement ("dash dash")
Total of 36 deprecated and/or "alias" entries


-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Addison Phillips wrote:

> I think that the draft as it sits embodies most of your
> suggestion anyway.

For a "clean" start date like 1995 (RfC 1766) they'd be almost
identical, maybe minus the five notorious ccTLDs.  And they'd
stay that way for at least 5 years + 1 day.   Or at least 50
years if ISO 3166 adopts this transition period for old CCs.

The earliest differences could then creep into the registry
after 1995 +50 = 2045, if ISO 3166 is forced to recycle an old
country code.  With your startegy 3066bis would then stick to
the old 1995 CC, my strategy would allow to follow ISO 3166.

Both strategies are compatible with RfC 3066, arguably my idea
is "more compatible", because it lets ISO 3166 do whatever it
wants, like RfC 3066 does at the moment.

>> region |  BA | ... |
>> region |  CS | Czechoslovakia |
>> region |  CZ | ... |
>> region |  HR | ... |
>> region |  MK | ... |
>> region |  SI | ... |
>> region |  SK | ... |
>> region |  YU | ... | deprecated, use 891
>> region | 891 | Serbia and Montenegro |

Yes, that's what you'd get for a 3066bis start date before the
split of CS.  Of course you won't pick this date, it would be
incompatible with today's RfC 3066.  IIRC Bruce found some Web
pages with a lang= or xml:lang= using the new CS in a 3066 tag.

> if ISO 3166 doesn't stick to 50-year reservations of
> withdrawn codes, we will see sporadic creation of numeric
> UN M.49 codes.

The "we" in Internet community would see it for any transition
period.  5 years or 50 years doesn't change the necessity to
find a good mnemonic in ISO 3166-1.  The "we" in you and me
would probably manage to never see this strange effect, if you
pick 1995 as start date, and if they don't invent immortality.

> Countries will probably take notice of this and try to avoid
> obtaining problematic codes when they change their names.

New countries won't pick their names only to avoid a frozen CC
in the 3066bis registry.  If FQ makes sense for say Quebec they
would go for it, and don't care about any FQ = Terre Adelaide.

                     Bye, Frank



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On 22:15 15/03/2005, Addison Phillips said:
>I think you should quit comparing this to iDNS, although I note that iDNS 
>*is* explicitly designed to be compatible with the existing DNS system. 
>This explains many of the idiosyncrasies of its design.

Dear Addison,
I think I am will not quit stop talking about the DNS for two good reasons. 
One is that I am a Registry Manager and represent the Registry Manager 
needs in here. Second is that naming is supported by just other standard 
and applications and has a considerable history referenced in a 
considerable number of other standards, laws, international resolutions 
related to international treaties. It also has another very important 
capacity: the capacity to say "no" to your propositions through its command 
of the IANA as an ICANN function.

>RFC 1766/3066 language tags have a considerable history and are referenced 
>by a considerable number of other standards. Your desire to create an 
>incompatible language tagging system for whatever reason is based on the 
>need for some software applications to be updated anyway? That's a silly 
>bit of logic.

I suggest that "silly" is an appropriate word in here.
Up to now RFC 1766/3066 language tags _are_ compatible and I have no 
problem in living for ever with their present status. You introduce a 
perfectly reasonable need to extend and possibly modify their tagging. What 
I wand to discuss - and I think it very fair - is how these standard can be 
extended and possibly modified to suit your needs and if there is not a 
synergy in a common effort to best support my needs and yours.

I do not see what would be "silly" in this.

>Forget applications for a moment. Think document formats. There is 
>considerable content that contains RFC 3066 language tags. The HTML, XML, 
>CSS, HTTP, SMTP, and many derivative standards use these tags internally.

I understand this. I understand that you are a W3C person, also considering 
Unicode concerns, in an IETF WG. But this should not make you forget that 
we also have the same need/problem in the non-web part of the internet.

Let be clear. You may not want to share my analysis of the five issues 
involved in a "multilingual" internet (interidentification, 
internationalisation, multinationalization, multilingualization, 
vernacularization) and group/name them in a different way. I just repeat 
them so you may understand what I mean. In the network standardization 
process obviously W3C brings experience in interidentification (the 
language of a page as being different). Unicode obviously brings a 
huge/reference competence in internationalization. ccTLDs have a deep 
experience in or are by essence (as State bodies) multinationalization 
(what is discussed when referring to ISO 3166). We have in common a problem 
which is the IAB/IETF lack of interest/competence in multilingualization 
(what we globally approach through the tagging) as demonstrated in the IDNA 
inadequate solution and in the total lack of reference to it in the IAB RFC 
3869.

Now we have two possibilities. Either we join forces to reach a stable 
technical consensus everyone can build upon. Or we engage into a total 
fruitless war where States, i.e. ITU will eventually impose their dictat. 
And I suppose we both know what this dictat will be in the present 
situation, because they have been very clear in several consistent 
universal declarations. This will be in favor of multilingual domain names.

The problem is that it will not satisfy you and it will certainly not 
satisfy me.

>Many web sites use them to select content--which means the server 
>component, not the user agent. Many databases and programming languages 
>use them. Content and data has a long shelf life. Breaking compatibility 
>is a serious step.

I know this for 30 years. This is why we have to be careful. There are 
nearly one million name servers around the world. There are hundred of 
millions of names replicated, aliased in them. Ignoring them in a standard 
which affects them in part will not be accepted. These names are used in 
billions pages, much more times than langtags. The question is not to know 
who is bigger. The question is how can we both serve them better and use 
the possible synergy to still spur more innovation there.

>We have devised a format that updates language tags in a compatible manner 
>to meet demonstrable needs. What application cannot be addressed by this 
>(compatible) design?

I said I had no time to review the draft before the end of the week. And 
the debate has not started on it.  But what I can say from the current 
debate is there are four main aspects:

1. the format you quote
2. the maintenance of the format (what we discuss - management of the code 
lists)
3. the content management (organization and procedure)
4. the selection and registration of content (we are not concerned with the 
content, but are concerned with some guidelines).

IRT point 1 (format) My reading is that up to now you have defined a format 
you checked as compatible with your needs. And rather than considering 
others' need as equally acceptable, you have more tried to keep or consider 
them out of the loop. I submit it is not the proper way.

I agree that in the cases which are my own priorities my support background 
if very weak. I am personally interested in four areas: naming, OPES, user 
centric, CRC, multilingualism, scalability. Naming is ill technically 
supported by IETF documents and is now under grassroots effort with very 
large implications (tens of millions of users) that are totally unknown to 
IETF. OPES/MIDCOM are very important issues seriously documented or pushed 
by the IAB but obviously not mature. User centric is an evolution based on 
the core principles of networking (catenet) but long differed by technology 
limitations which comes back now. CRC are a generalized distributed (and 
therefore compatible) vision of what CLDR targets. I discussed 
multilingualism. Scalability is the core problem of IETF as we see it with 
the 11 years delay of IPv6, etc. Happily the new Chair is probably the best 
documenter of this issue. But probably not his priority.

But these are necessary parts of the evolution of the response of the user 
demand.

If you do not care about them, the demand will not care about your 
proposition. The longer it will take for them to realize it, the more 
confusion will have been introduced, the more time and money the correction 
will cost. The more time you will have wasted. And what will be poor is 
that most probably a lot of good work will have been lost. Consider X.400, 
consider EDI ...

Sorry to have been long. I just do not know how to make understood what is 
so obvious to me and to most of those I know ....
jfc


=====================================================
For your convenience:
Draft: 		http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: 	http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: 	http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
=====================================================
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
=====================================================
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far as
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
=====================================================
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978 should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
=====================================================


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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:

> you will be blocked if this is not what the British
> Government wants (they are the one who accepted UK, GG, JJ,
> IM..through ICANN, and GB through ISO).

Don't forget AC.  My best guess is that somebody talked faster
than Jon Postel could think, and that's why we have AC and UK
today.  What has the British government to do with IM and the
Channel Islands ?  AFAIK they don't belong to the EU, they are
no part of the UK, and they are no part of the British Empire
like GI or SH (incl. AC, but far away from SH).  Maybe I'm
wrong, and the "Duchy of Normandy" story is only a fairy tale.

> You cannot _decide_ to use the IANA or ISO source.

This WG can decide that the language tag reviewer should create
region codes as he sees fit.  It would fail in the "last call",
because nobody would volunteer as a tag reviewer in this case,
unless he's suicidal.  But in theory the WG could propose this.

> this market in this case starts with the Governments

Governments have _nothing_ to do with language tags, that's a
feature and no bug.  I'm not planning to discuss ku-TR with
the government of TR, and I also refuse to discuss mnc-TW (?)
with the government of CN.  In many cases languages are _not_
recognized by the corresponding regional governments.

> What I try to make understood is that the document this WG
> will produce will be counterproductive if it is not supported
> by the entities in charge (Governments)

I'm strongly opposed to this position.  Governments are among
the last entities I'd trust, and only after a random generator
failed.
         Bye, Frank



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Dear Frank,
I understand and respect your political positions.
What I do not understand then is why do you want to use the IANA?
As you may know, the IANA is an US Governement set of functions contracted 
to ICANN.
http://www.icann.org/general/iana-contract-09feb00.htm
http://www.icann.org/general/iana-contract-21mar01.htm
http://www.icann.org/general/iana-contract-17mar03.htm


At 13:52 16/03/2005, Frank Ellermann wrote:
>I'm strongly opposed to this position.  Governments are among
>the last entities I'd trust, and only after a random generator
>failed.

More generaly you may want to consult:
http://www.icann.org/general/agreements.htm
to understand in which environment the IANA functions.

The MoU with IETF stipulates that:
"4.3. Two particular assigned spaces present policy issues in addition to 
the technical considerations specified by the IETF: the assignment of 
domain names, and the assignment of IP address blocks. These policy issues 
are outside the scope of this MOU.

Note that (a) assignments of domain names for technical uses (such as 
domain names for inverse DNS lookup), (b) assignments of specialised 
address blocks (such as multicast or anycast blocks), and (c) experimental 
assignments are not considered to be policy issues, and shall remain 
subject to the provisions of this Section 4. (For purposes of this MOU, the 
term "assignments" includes allocations.) In the event ICANN adopts a 
policy that prevents it from complying with the provisions of this Section 
4 with respect to the assignments described in (a) - (c) above, ICANN will 
notify the IETF, which may then exercise its ability to cancel this MOU 
under Section 2 above.
"
What is discussed here is "in the event ICANN adopts a policy ....". I 
submit that what is relevant to IDNs does not fall under the terms of this 
agreement. I submit that what is true for ICANN adopting a policy .... is 
also true in the case IETF introduces discrepancies with ICANN policies 
(your abrupt wording concerning some of the ccTLDs is an obvious 
discrepancy). I submit that this wording can only confort the USG, ICANN, 
the GAC, UNESCO, ITU to consider that the name IANA area extends to 
language issues. A position I certainly support, extending it to Civil 
Society co-control.

This is why I suggest that instead in saying "I do what I want", we try to 
coordinate, look for syngergy in the others' need we could address at the 
same time, to obtain a better entertwinned and therefore mutually protected 
situation.

jfc



Hosting a registry will cost you probably $ 250, all included.
And as a premium, I would support anything you may want to do.

=====================================================
For your convenience:
Draft: 		http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: 	http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: 	http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
=====================================================
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
=====================================================
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far as
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
=====================================================
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978 should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
=====================================================


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Mar 16 11:29:26 2005
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Frank Ellermann <omniplex at freenet dot de> wrote:

>> I think that the draft as it sits embodies most of your
>> suggestion anyway.
>
> For a "clean" start date like 1995 (RfC 1766) they'd be almost
> identical, maybe minus the five notorious ccTLDs.  And they'd
> stay that way for at least 5 years + 1 day.   Or at least 50
> years if ISO 3166 adopts this transition period for old CCs.

We have tried to be consistent in following ISO 3166 in the initial
draft registry.  AC, GG, IM, JE, and UK are *not* officially assigned
ISO 3166 codes.  They are ccTLDs, and they have been reserved by ISO
3166 for possible future assignment (except UK, which is reserved to
*prevent* it from being assigned).

It is possible that ISO 3166/MA will assign these codes at some point in
the future with the meaning we currently expect.  Or, it is possible
that they will shift gears and assign them to some completely different
entity.  Remember that the alpha-3 code ROU was once reserved, because
of its use for "Republic of Uruguay" in another context, and was
subsequently assigned to Romania.  "Reserved" is no guarantee of
anything.

> The earliest differences could then creep into the registry
> after 1995 +50 = 2045, if ISO 3166 is forced to recycle an old
> country code.  With your startegy 3066bis would then stick to
> the old 1995 CC, my strategy would allow to follow ISO 3166.

The whole point of mapping ISO 3166 to region subtags in the registry,
instead of using them directly, is that "following ISO 3166" faithfully
can lead to instability when a code is changed, or worse, reused.  That
is what happened with CS.  The draft removes this instability, at the
expense of breaking with perfect adherence to ISO 3166 if necessary.

Your strategy allows non-ISO 3166 ccTLDs, so that's not exactly
"following ISO 3166" either.

> Both strategies are compatible with RfC 3066, arguably my idea
> is "more compatible", because it lets ISO 3166 do whatever it
> wants, like RfC 3066 does at the moment.

As stated above, letting ISO 3166 do whatever it wants is precisely a
non-goal of the draft.

> Yes, that's what you'd get for a 3066bis start date before the
> split of CS.  Of course you won't pick this date, it would be
> incompatible with today's RfC 3066.  IIRC Bruce found some Web
> pages with a lang= or xml:lang= using the new CS in a 3066 tag.

Yes, and the draft has been changed so that the magic cutoff date will
be the date of publication of the draft.  That ensures compatibility
with RFC 3066 and should close this particular debate.

>> if ISO 3166 doesn't stick to 50-year reservations of
>> withdrawn codes, we will see sporadic creation of numeric
>> UN M.49 codes.
>
> The "we" in Internet community would see it for any transition
> period.  5 years or 50 years doesn't change the necessity to
> find a good mnemonic in ISO 3166-1.  The "we" in you and me
> would probably manage to never see this strange effect, if you
> pick 1995 as start date, and if they don't invent immortality.

"Inventing immortality" is a phrase that is best avoided in this
peaceful and cooperative environment.  What the draft attempts to do is
"enforce stability."

>> Countries will probably take notice of this and try to avoid
>> obtaining problematic codes when they change their names.
>
> New countries won't pick their names only to avoid a frozen CC
> in the 3066bis registry.  If FQ makes sense for say Quebec they
> would go for it, and don't care about any FQ = Terre Adelaide.

Language tags are not the only application that call for more stability
that ISO 3166 has provided thus far.  They received criticism from other
groups as well for reusing CS.  I imagine that in the future, the MA
will take a closer look at avoiding the reuse of codes.

Note that Addison did not say a country would choose its name to avoid a
problematic code, only that they would not request the code itself.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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In the next few days I will be working on a full description of all the
steps necessary to generate the initial draft registry, based on the
underlying standards and describing any judgments that were made.

This is not as trivial as it may seem, because of the need to consult
lists of withdrawn codes from various sources, among other things.

Also, I will submit some proposed changes to the registry that improve
its consistency with regard to underlying standards.  Some of these are
based on some of Frank's earlier suggestions.  More details later.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Doug Ewell wrote:

> "following ISO 3166" faithfully can lead to instability when
> a code is changed, or worse, reused.  That is what happened
> with CS.

Yes, it was a stupid idea to follow ISO 3166-1 faithfully, they
are forced to reuse old codes if countries want to have a code
somehow reflecting the name of the coutry.  We (or at least me)
only didn't see how stupid this was until the new CS forced us
to think.

The draft tries a compromise, freeze all codes as they are now,
allow new codes not conflicting with "frozen codes", otherwise
use the UN number.  I proposed another compromise, accept that
some old codes must be reassigned sooner or later, and support
UN numbers as "canonical" alternatives where stability is the
most important issue.

In a case like YT they were probably desperate to find a code
for Mayotte, and they only didn't use MA, MO, MT, or MY because
all these codes were already assigned.  And for CS they looked
into their table and found that SA, SB, SE, SM, and CM aren't
free, but the old CS was "free" under their old rules.

BTW, that's strange, I hated CS right from the moment when I
first saw it, and now I'm defending them, because it's really
not their fault if somebody else wants stability where it's
almost impossible.

The country codes aren't arbitrary combinations of 26 * 26 - 42
character pairs, they are generally abbreviations or acronyms.

The draft kills ISO 3166-1 very slowly, one CC after the other
as soon as it's reassigned, drifting away from ISO 3166-1 and
forever listing some then prehistoric codes.  Like the RH in
the actual snapshot of a possible registry.

> Your strategy allows non-ISO 3166 ccTLDs

That's an independent detail, IANA as filter for the ISO 3166-1
input.  This strategy would also work without the five ccTLDs.

Addison's strategy also allows to use IANA ccTLDs as filtered
ISO 3166-1 input, if the draft would say, so that has nothing
to do with the procedure for future changes.

As you said we'd be in trouble if ISO 3166-1 assigns these five
codes to something else.  ICANN would be also in trouble, what
should they do, redelegate e.g. IM against the will of NIC.IM ?

Let's forget my idea of using all ccTLDs for the moment.  Maybe
it's a bad idea.  The best solution for all interested parties
would be to assign AC, IM, GG, and JE officially, but I now see
that a BCP about _language_ tags is not the place to start this.

ISO 3166-1 should do it.  Introducing UK as an alias for GB in
a BCP about language tags is admittedly too odd to consider it,
even if implementations tolerate it as a well-known user error.

> the draft has been changed so that the magic cutoff date will
> be the date of publication of the draft.

At the moment you still have BQ, DD, RH, 200, etc. deprecated
long before 2005, and blocking any future BQ, DD, or RH as CC.

The deprecated 200 cannot block anything, so that's no problem.

Are you sure that you want 172 "commonwealth of indepedent
states" ?  It's not exactly clear what it's meant to be, but
all indepedent states have their own CC, and they all belonged
to the former SU.  172 is apparently SU excl. Estonia, Latvia,
and Lithuania.  It's listed below the "selected economic and
other groupings" as a subdivision of 778 on the UN page.

> "Inventing immortality" is a phrase that is best avoided in
> this peaceful and cooperative environment.

Sorry. it was meant as a joke, with a new 50+ years transition
period we're probably not more here when something odd happens
with a future registry based on CCs 1995.  They could reassign
DY or VD after 2027, blocked in the registry based on 197?.

> They received criticism from other groups as well for reusing
> CS.

Yes, among others I did.  And I was wrong, at least partially.
The IAB said something about 300 years IIRC.  Try to invent a
hypothetical 3166-IAB starting A.D. 1700, it's IMHO impossible.

                      Bye, Frank



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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Language Tag Registry Update Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Tags for Identifying Languages
	Author(s)	: A. Phillips, M. Davis
	Filename	: draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
	Pages		: 44
	Date		: 2005-3-16
	
This document describes the structure, content, construction, and
   semantics of language tags for use in cases where it is desirable to
   indicate the language used in an information object.  It also
   describes how to register values for use in language tags and the
   creation of user defined extensions for private interchange.  This
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Mar 16 18:09:03 2005
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Subject: First draft published, please comment (was: Re: [Ltru] I-D
	ACTION:draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt)
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With the publication of this Internet-Draft, we have reached our
first milestone. Thanks to Addison and Mark for their work as
editors. Now that we have a base document for discussion,
we can start with the core of our work.

Everybody, please read the published draft carefully and comment
on it. For minor editorial stuff, please put a series of comments
into one email. For more serious issues that you think may cause
further discussion, please use separate mails per issue. Please
carefully choose a subject, not just something like "draft comments".

Regards,    Martin.

At 05:43 05/03/17, Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:
 >A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
 >This draft is a work item of the Language Tag Registry Update Working Group
 >of the IETF.
 >
 >	Title		: Tags for Identifying Languages
 >	Author(s)	: A. Phillips, M. Davis
 >	Filename	: draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
 >	Pages		: 44
 >	Date		: 2005-3-16
 >
 >This document describes the structure, content, construction, and
 >   semantics of language tags for use in cases where it is desirable to
 >   indicate the language used in an information object.  It also
 >   describes how to register values for use in language tags and the
 >   creation of user defined extensions for private interchange.  This
 >   document obsoletes RFC 3066 (which replaced RFC 1766).
 >
 >A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
 >http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt 


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Mar 16 20:20:06 2005
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Martin Duerst wrote:

> For minor editorial stuff, please put a series of comments
> into one email.

Minor fix, already posted as a comment for draft-10, but it did
not make into the new draft:

| One comment says that the singleton-ABNF is not yet finished:
| <https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/pidtracker.cgi?command=view_comment&id=31580>

| That's an 2234 oddity, if you say "x" or "X" then it's always
| case insensitive, therefore you need %d120 or %d88 for a case
| sensitive "x" vs. "X".  A possible solution for draft-11:

|  privateuse = "x" 1*("-" (1*8alphanum)) ; private use subtag(s)
|  singleton  = ALPHA ; Single letters: x/X is for private use

Looking again at it that's still not correct, it should be:

   singleton  =  %x41-57 / %x59-6A / %x61-77 / %x79-7A
                 ; ALPHA excl. "x" / "X" for private use

<http://www.apps.ietf.org/abnf.html> doesn't care about these
subtle details, but <http://irg.attlabs.net/~fenner/abnf.cgi>
likes the new ugly "singleton" and the simplified "privateuse".

RfC 2234 belongs to the future "normative references" in the
next draft.

RfC 1521 in the references is old, it's also apparently not
used in the text as [8] or 1521.  Maybe add [8] to the word
MIME in 2.4, and replace RfC 1521 by 2045.  That would go to
the "informative references" in the next draft.

                             Bye, Frank



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Mar 16 20:35:54 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] singleton (was: First draft published, please comment)
Date: Wed, 16 Mar 2005 17:35:12 -0800
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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Fenner's parser doesn't like the new ABNF. I can make it ugly in the =
manner suggested easily enough, though. It isn't very friendly, but I =
don't think it matters. Perhaps:

singleton       =3D %x41-57 / %x59-6A / %x61-77 / %x79-7A
                ; "a"-"w" / "y"-"z" / "A"-"W" / "Y"-"Z"=20
                ; Single letters: x/X is reserved for private use

With regard to the references, these have not been cleaned in awhile. =
RFC 1521 is a dead reference. It was carried forward from RFC 3066... =
but wasn't referenced in that RFC either, merely carried forward from =
RFC 1766, Section 4.1.

I can update the reference or we could just expunge it altogether.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> Sent: Wednesday, March 16, 2005 5:14 PM
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] singleton (was: First draft published, please comment)
>=20
> Martin Duerst wrote:
>=20
> > For minor editorial stuff, please put a series of comments
> > into one email.
>=20
> Minor fix, already posted as a comment for draft-10, but it did
> not make into the new draft:
>=20
> | One comment says that the singleton-ABNF is not yet finished:
> |
> =
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/pidtracker.cgi?command=3Dview_commen=
t&i
> d=3D31580>
>=20
> | That's an 2234 oddity, if you say "x" or "X" then it's always
> | case insensitive, therefore you need %d120 or %d88 for a case
> | sensitive "x" vs. "X".  A possible solution for draft-11:
>=20
> |  privateuse =3D "x" 1*("-" (1*8alphanum)) ; private use subtag(s)
> |  singleton  =3D ALPHA ; Single letters: x/X is for private use
>=20
> Looking again at it that's still not correct, it should be:
>=20
>    singleton  =3D  %x41-57 / %x59-6A / %x61-77 / %x79-7A
>                  ; ALPHA excl. "x" / "X" for private use
>=20
> <http://www.apps.ietf.org/abnf.html> doesn't care about these
> subtle details, but <http://irg.attlabs.net/~fenner/abnf.cgi>
> likes the new ugly "singleton" and the simplified "privateuse".
>=20
> RfC 2234 belongs to the future "normative references" in the
> next draft.
>=20
> RfC 1521 in the references is old, it's also apparently not
> used in the text as [8] or 1521.  Maybe add [8] to the word
> MIME in 2.4, and replace RfC 1521 by 2045.  That would go to
> the "informative references" in the next draft.
>=20
>                              Bye, Frank
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: [Ltru] Registry homepage (was: "Obsolete" region subtags)
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:

> why do you want to use the IANA?

I'm not exactly sure why, but at the moment I trust that they
try to work for some common good.  I never had any problems
with ICANN, quite the contrary, I like their WDPRS among other
things.  That's all off topic here, let's stick to the facts,
at the moment IANA hosts all registries related to RfCs.

In theory it might be possible to organize this in another way,
with a registry at the W3C, an Unicode TR, or an ECMA standard.
But why ?  IANA will do what the language tag reviewer says, as
long as he follows the rules in the future 3066bis.

ICANN won't get (let alone follow) orders by an US government
to unlist "haw", that's bad science fiction.  And if ICANN is
dissolved somebody else would volunteer as the new IANA.  Not
<http://iana.netnod.se/>, that server is apparently down today,
but maybe ORSN or OCLC or W3C or Unicode etc.  Bye, Frank



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 17 00:18:45 2005
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To: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
From: Martin Duerst <duerst@w3.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
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[chairs hat mostly on]

This WG is not about IDNS or TLDs or similar things.

If you think that some insight may be gained from looking at
parallels, talking about other technology than language tags
may make sense, but we first would need some concrete
proposal. Just arguing that we can change anything because
browsers will have to change anyway doesn't help if we don't
have a concrete proposal of how to change it.

The best way for you to make a concrete proposal is to write
it up and submit it as a (personal) internet-draft, which
may or may not then be adopted by the WG. This is the
traditional style of working in the IETF.The second
best way is to send it to this list; this is okay in
particular if the proposal is concise.

If you have already made a concrete proposal, a pointer
may be okay, although if it hasn't been made on this
list, a copy would probably be better.

But please make very sure that you have a concrete
proposal, not only some general thoughts or oppinions.

Many thanks in advance.

Regards,    Martin.


At 05:47 05/03/16, JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:
 >At 18:14 15/03/2005, Addison Phillips wrote:
 >>Allowing multiple subtags to mean the same thing, as Frank suggests 
below, would be a problem. Many language tag processors that I know of are 
implemented based solely on the values of the tags themselves, with no 
external knowledge baked into them. The existence of a registry might 
change that to some degree, but you'll still have many of what the draft 
calls "well-formed" processors for which "GB" is just a token.
 >
 >I question myself on this. The DNS is 22 years old, the mail older. I 
understand that one wants to be careful at not changing them too much - yet 
the market will change them if it solved the spam. IDNs are one year and a 
half old and several consider that one can still change or even kill them. 
As far as I understand, you refer to applications resulting from RFC 3066, 
and may be from its predecessor? So they are 3 to 7 years old? They most 
probably are browsers/aplications which have anyway to be updated to 
support IDNs (applications needing to check languages are likely to also 
use IDNs)?
 >
 >We are going to have a lot of changes in the DNS in the coming month to 
support the local TLDs which are to be a must. The support of the Tables 
will probably be required at users level, for 3+LD consistency checks,etc. 
(even if not planned yet). Many other applications would probably want then 
to use functions using country codes if they were available.
 >
 >Microsoft always said they wanted to watch the market reaction before 
implementing the IDN support in the OS. This WG could consider user located 
functions to get and integrate the IANA cc table and updates . It could 
then use them. Would it not be better to start anew while there is still a 
"small" base (RFC 3066 is still here for them) rather than to continue for 
ever with an old system?
 >
 >BTW I personally think the IDN Tables and other TLD infos (such as the 
lingual aliases of the TLDs) are part of the Locale,
 >jfc
 >
 >
 >_______________________________________________
 >Ltru mailing list
 >Ltru@lists.ietf.org
 >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
 > 


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[chairs hat off, mostly off topic]

At 05:47 05/03/16, JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:

 >I question myself on this. The DNS is 22 years old, the mail older. I 
understand that one wants to be careful at not changing them too much - yet 
the market will change them if it solved the spam. IDNs are one year and a 
half old and several consider that one can still change or even kill them.

You are right that technology sometimes changes very quickly.
But it is usually difficult to predict when that happens.

 >As far as I understand, you refer to applications resulting from RFC 
3066, and may be from its predecessor? So they are 3 to 7 years old? They 
most probably are browsers/aplications which have anyway to be updated to 
support IDNs (applications needing to check languages are likely to also 
use IDNs)?

Updating browsers for IDN is already happening. But this doesn't
guarantee that the update for language tagging can be piggybacked.
Browser makers tend to concentrate on the big issues.


 >We are going to have a lot of changes in the DNS in the coming month to 
support the local TLDs which are to be a must.

I sincerely hope non-ASCII TLDs will happen. But I think they will
first happen for ccTLDs.

 >The support of the Tables will probably be required at users level, for 
3+LD consistency checks,etc. (even if not planned yet).

I'd clearly disagree here. If any organization messes up their 3+LDs,
that's their own fault. The client side doesn't have to bother.

 >Many other applications would probably want then  to use functions using 
country codes if they were available.

I don't really see that. Maybe examples could help.

 >Microsoft always said they wanted to watch the market reaction before 
implementing the IDN support in the OS. This WG could consider user located 
functions to get and integrate the IANA cc table and updates. It could then 
use them.

What exactly are IANA cc tables? (pointers appreciated).
How are they related to language tags?

 >Would it not be better to start anew while there is still a "small" base 
(RFC 3066 is still here for them) rather than to continue for ever with an 
old system?

Only if the benefit of changing covers the costs of changing.
As I don't really have an idea what the new system you are
thinking of is looking like, I cant' really evaluate these
benefits and costs.

 >BTW I personally think the IDN Tables and other TLD infos (such as the 
lingual aliases of the TLDs) are part of the Locale,

I very strongly think that there should be no lingual aliases
for TLDs. For many TLDs, I think there should be script equivalents,
but that's a different thing on two counts. Also, I don't think that
IDN tables should be part of a locale. A locale is essentially a
collection of preferences for a group of users. IDN tables simply
describe constraints on some particular kind of data (a domain
name label in a certain domain).


Regards,    Martin. 


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At 02:14 05/03/16, Addison Phillips wrote:
 >We chose the UN M.49 numbers as the backup for ISO 3166 codes precisely
 >because they are stable.
 >
 >Allowing multiple subtags to mean the same thing, as Frank suggests below,
 >would be a problem.

[chairs hat off]

I fully agree. The fewer alternatives for the same thing, the better.
We worked hard on RFC 3066 to make sure that only one of potentially
three codes for the same language (2-letter code, 3-letter bibliographic
code, 3-letter terminology code) was used, and that the solution was
compatible with RFC 1766.

Regards,   Martin. 


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To: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>, ltru@ietf.org
From: Martin Duerst <duerst@w3.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
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At 20:28 05/03/15, JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:

 >What I try to make understood is that the document this WG will produce 
will be counterproductive if it is not supported by the entities in charge 
(Governments) and their usual delegates (GAC, national NICs, Culture 
Ministries, Academic and Computer people), their common bodies (ISO, ITU, 
UNESCO, WSIS) and their national users. Worst, if it is opposed.

RFC 1766 and RFC 3066 haven't had either much support or much
opposition from governements and related organizations.
My understanding is that this was because they did the job
they were designed to do reasonably well.

What makes you think that for the update we are currently working on,
this will be different? My assumption is that if we produce something
that does it's job reasonably well, people (individuals, governements,
companies,...) will just use it.

If there is anybody out there that does not trust us to do a reasonable
job, the best thing for them is to join and help us do better.

If somebody isn't joining, then the details that we work on are probably
just not important enough to them, and they are ready to use whatever
we produce, in the same way they have been fine with previous RFCs.


Regards,   Martin. 


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
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Hello Frank and Doug,

The two of you are very at easy to discuss the particulars
of some of these country codes. However, I fear that most
people don't remember them as well as you do. Also, some
people may be new to this WG and not have followed the
discussion on the ietf-languages list.

Would it be possible for the two of you (and others, of course)
to provide a bit more of background information with your
discussion? I'm not asking for lengthy discussions, just a little
bit of additional info to help new people.

Many thanks in advance,    Martin.

At 04:13 05/03/17, Frank Ellermann wrote:
 >Doug Ewell wrote:
 >
 >> "following ISO 3166" faithfully can lead to instability when
 >> a code is changed, or worse, reused.  That is what happened
 >> with CS.
 >
 >Yes, it was a stupid idea to follow ISO 3166-1 faithfully, they
 >are forced to reuse old codes if countries want to have a code
 >somehow reflecting the name of the coutry.  We (or at least me)
 >only didn't see how stupid this was until the new CS forced us
 >to think.
 >
 >The draft tries a compromise, freeze all codes as they are now,
 >allow new codes not conflicting with "frozen codes", otherwise
 >use the UN number.  I proposed another compromise, accept that
 >some old codes must be reassigned sooner or later, and support
 >UN numbers as "canonical" alternatives where stability is the
 >most important issue.
 >
 >In a case like YT they were probably desperate to find a code
 >for Mayotte, and they only didn't use MA, MO, MT, or MY because
 >all these codes were already assigned.  And for CS they looked
 >into their table and found that SA, SB, SE, SM, and CM aren't
 >free, but the old CS was "free" under their old rules.
 >
 >BTW, that's strange, I hated CS right from the moment when I
 >first saw it, and now I'm defending them, because it's really
 >not their fault if somebody else wants stability where it's
 >almost impossible.
 >
 >The country codes aren't arbitrary combinations of 26 * 26 - 42
 >character pairs, they are generally abbreviations or acronyms.
 >
 >The draft kills ISO 3166-1 very slowly, one CC after the other
 >as soon as it's reassigned, drifting away from ISO 3166-1 and
 >forever listing some then prehistoric codes.  Like the RH in
 >the actual snapshot of a possible registry.
 >
 >> Your strategy allows non-ISO 3166 ccTLDs
 >
 >That's an independent detail, IANA as filter for the ISO 3166-1
 >input.  This strategy would also work without the five ccTLDs.
 >
 >Addison's strategy also allows to use IANA ccTLDs as filtered
 >ISO 3166-1 input, if the draft would say, so that has nothing
 >to do with the procedure for future changes.
 >
 >As you said we'd be in trouble if ISO 3166-1 assigns these five
 >codes to something else.  ICANN would be also in trouble, what
 >should they do, redelegate e.g. IM against the will of NIC.IM ?
 >
 >Let's forget my idea of using all ccTLDs for the moment.  Maybe
 >it's a bad idea.  The best solution for all interested parties
 >would be to assign AC, IM, GG, and JE officially, but I now see
 >that a BCP about _language_ tags is not the place to start this.
 >
 >ISO 3166-1 should do it.  Introducing UK as an alias for GB in
 >a BCP about language tags is admittedly too odd to consider it,
 >even if implementations tolerate it as a well-known user error.
 >
 >> the draft has been changed so that the magic cutoff date will
 >> be the date of publication of the draft.
 >
 >At the moment you still have BQ, DD, RH, 200, etc. deprecated
 >long before 2005, and blocking any future BQ, DD, or RH as CC.
 >
 >The deprecated 200 cannot block anything, so that's no problem.
 >
 >Are you sure that you want 172 "commonwealth of indepedent
 >states" ?  It's not exactly clear what it's meant to be, but
 >all indepedent states have their own CC, and they all belonged
 >to the former SU.  172 is apparently SU excl. Estonia, Latvia,
 >and Lithuania.  It's listed below the "selected economic and
 >other groupings" as a subdivision of 778 on the UN page.
 >
 >> "Inventing immortality" is a phrase that is best avoided in
 >> this peaceful and cooperative environment.
 >
 >Sorry. it was meant as a joke, with a new 50+ years transition
 >period we're probably not more here when something odd happens
 >with a future registry based on CCs 1995.  They could reassign
 >DY or VD after 2027, blocked in the registry based on 197?.
 >
 >> They received criticism from other groups as well for reusing
 >> CS.
 >
 >Yes, among others I did.  And I was wrong, at least partially.
 >The IAB said something about 300 years IIRC.  Try to invent a
 >hypothetical 3166-IAB starting A.D. 1700, it's IMHO impossible.
 >
 >                      Bye, Frank
 >
 >
 >
 >_______________________________________________
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 >Ltru@lists.ietf.org
 >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru 


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Martin Duerst wrote:
 
> Would it be possible for the two of you (and others, of
> course) to provide a bit more of background information
> with your discussion?

The "last call" was draft 8.  What we discussed on the
languages list were drafts 9 and 10.  The idea in these
drafts was to define some rules how an existing registry
would be updated.  The start for this registry was the
creation of ISO 3166-1 (about 1974) for country codes
and the introduction of UN numbers (1982).

I didn't know that these were the actual start dates until
Doug told me so, and there was some confusion while I tried
to find out what apparently arbitrary start date he picked.

When that was clear what he had as registry was the result
of applying the draft 9..10 rules on a registry started in
1974.  This had some odd effects for country codes like CS,
the old CZ+SK, but today the successor of the rest of YU.

For compatibility with RfC 3066, which supports ISO 3166-1
CCs as they are at the day when 3066bis is published, the
old CS won't do in an initial registry.

Therefore we were looking for a better start day, the year
of the publication of RfC 1766 (1995) would avoid most odd
effects like old vs. new CS, deprecated RH, DD without a
canonical DE despite of ISO 3166-3 "DDDE", and many more.

That's not yet state of the art, the registry still has
all these relics, where they don't conflict with RfC 3066,
e.g. RH and DD.

The CS issue is settled, that will be the new CS.  It's
not yet clear what to do with the deprecated 200 for the
old CS.  For a start date 1995 or later it wouldn't exist
in the registry.  With the rules of draft 9..10 it also
wouldn't exist, these rules would keep the old CS and add
891 instead of the new CS.  But that's incompatible with
RfC 3066 tags today, where CS is the new CS.

200 is still unclear, it could be introduced as a special
case.  We observed some other peculiar effects with the
rules in draft 9..10:  In some cases country codes must
be "exactly the same territory" as defined by UN numbers.

Therefore DD can't get a canonical value DE, because 278
is not the same as 276, it's only a part of 276 (new DE).

The registry would keep a (deprecated) DD without pointer
to a better value.  OTOH the old DE (with UN number 280)
is implicitly replaced by the new DE (276), and there's
no value at all in the registry for the old DE or 276.

Same problem with VD / VN and YD / YE.  The worst case
YU also has this problem, the old YU (UN number 890)
kept its country code YU (UN number 891), and then the
code was changed to CS.  The registry therefore has a
deprecated YU corresponding to UN number 891.  If there
is a CC the number isn't listed under the actual rules,
and so 891 is not in the registry.

And 890 is also not in the registry, because the change
from YU to CS was later, when the territory was 891.

Old YU tags like sl-YU therefore lost their original
region, and replacing them by sl-SI is not necessarily
correct, maybe sl is also used in parts of HR (Croatia).

sl = Slovenian, SI = Slovenia, 
YU = was Yugoslavia, listed as deprecated value for CS
CS = Serbia and Montenegro

My original idea to avoid all these historic problems
was a start date like 1995.  Apparently Doug now thinks
that this was a good idea in certain cases.  And I now
think that it only hides a general design problem today,
but it could be a similar mess in 100 years.  Bye, Frank



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On 06:29 17/03/2005, Martin Duerst said:
>At 20:28 05/03/15, JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:
>
> >What I try to make understood is that the document this WG will produce 
> will be counterproductive if it is not supported by the entities in 
> charge (Governments) and their usual delegates (GAC, national NICs, 
> Culture Ministries, Academic and Computer people), their common bodies 
> (ISO, ITU, UNESCO, WSIS) and their national users. Worst, if it is opposed.

Dear Martin,
we probably disagree/agree on minor points IRT ccTLD, etc. But this is not 
a major issue. The market will decide. I did not sleep this night. It is 
noon and I am tired. I will however try to make you understand. Excuse me 
if this is not perfect.

>RFC 1766 and RFC 3066 haven't had either much support or much
>opposition from governements and related organizations.
>My understanding is that this was because they did the job
>they were designed to do reasonably well.

Let drop all the RFC introduction confusion adding verbs to verbs. Their 
real job is to permit qualify language related issues and text as belonging 
to a language. The interest of the IDN Tables is that it is a (only?) 
application within the IANA.

It target is to get a text in French and to describe it as fr-Latn-FR so 
everyone understand what it is. Great.
The langtag is used to qualify/name the language of a text.

>What makes you think that for the update we are currently working on,
>this will be different? My assumption is that if we produce something
>that does it's job reasonably well, people (individuals, governements,
>companies,...) will just use it.

If this was still the same, yes. This is why we were several to say no 
problem with the Draft should it be used in the same way as 3066. But 
actually the reason why RFC 3066 has no problem it is because it is not 
applied.

- the ietf-languages list is an unknown list with no exposure and it did 
not registered much tags. The intent is to change that and to support every 
language with a registered tag. Associating in the IANA tables language 
names, countries, registrants and documentation for all of them. Look at 
the situation of the wikipedia on a certain number of languages and you 
will understand the change. This is why this list must get the proper 
exposure, to get acknowledged experts from every languages, familiar with 
the network technology and their national situation and policy. This way no 
one will be able to object the system is biased and a State sovereignty 
violation.

- the RFC 3066 describes a lot of applications which are quoted the same in 
the draft. But these applications are not used. This changes with the new 
formalization and exposure. Quoted applications such as word processors, 
grammar checker, etc will be really considered.

Big difference,  they are no more read-only/qualify, they are write and 
produce.

Let say there is a Greek text and I start editing it in French and I keep 
the Greek langtag. How will you be able to say I am wrong? I will say "this 
is Greek". To prove me wrong you need a reference to be run against my 
text, a syntax, a semantic, a grammar, a dictionary, etc. Short of that you 
may know that my text is not Greek, but you cannot do anything more. You 
need two additional descriptors to do that: an authoritative reference you 
can oppose me or force me to apply, and you need a style to say how you 
want me to apply it.

There may be other descriptors needed, but Word uses only these 5 
descriptors and my analysis says the same. You may say "I describe and I do 
not know where to document your additional descriptors from (may be style, 
but not reference, in most of the cases)". I say "you define and if you 
define with 3 descriptors this only it means you use defaults". The entire 
world will understand the defaults are the version of the langtag 
registrant. IBM, Microsoft, Apple. This is unthinkable.

So there are two things to do here:

1. to reduce/keep the additonal registrations of subtags identical to the 
concerned ISO list. There should be no reference to a registrant, nor to 
additional elements. This should be reserved to the review process. The 
registration should be bilingual when ISO is bilingual (for the same two 
different sources of study). They should be concerted with the ISO reviewer 
who may have good reasons why not to have it. There should be several 
elected reviewers, otherwise the pressure will be to much. Look a the way 
Michael reacted to my friendly pressure. Others will be tough.

2. let define that the language tag uses 5 main descriptors which can be 
reduced to 1, 2, 3 or more when qualifying and having to be 5 when defining.

Otherwise it would be analyse flaw. This would only lead States to block 
the issue at the IANA. States go slowly. They take time to understand and 
to decide. So, they may take one to three years. But they will definitely 
block what they will consider as a major violation of their cultural 
sovereignty. They are here to protect us, and they will carry their job.

>If there is anybody out there that does not trust us to do a reasonable
>job, the best thing for them is to join and help us do better.

Thx! It happens that this is why I am here. And I keep reporting.

It happens that the world is not at the order of the IESG and interested in 
sharing in the IETF. They have several way to help. This year 
through  through the WSIS (I know IETF is not interested), then the GAC (I 
know IETF is interested in ICANN only when they obey the RFCs), then the 
ITU (I know IETF does not want to relate with them). This does not make 
things easy.

You have to also understand, that in September the IAB has sent an RFC to 
the States asking their money to fund Internet R&D. This RFC does not 
allude to languages. So, States deduced that IETF is not interested. Then, 
some said this is not true, this RFC was only intended for the US 
Government. It was not necessarily a good move.

>If somebody isn't joining, then the details that we work on are probably
>just not important enough to them, and they are ready to use whatever
>we produce, in the same way they have been fine with previous RFCs.

Do you really believe this?

All this Unicode people effort is of interest. The analysis should be 
completed, some warranties worked out and it should be sold to everyone 
concerned. Namely a few key Governments, International institutions, etc. 
And to be demonstrated, reported, documented. Support obtained from OS 
developers, national Linux communities.

Otherwise it cannot fly. It can take-off. But it will not fly. You are 
touching culture at the core!
Or present something no one can object and sell it around asking everyone 
"do you object to something?". Once you have 40 ccTLDs (local communities), 
30 main governments supporting it, start a pilot process. Keep reporting. 
There is no big problem in getting through, if done the proper way with the 
proper logic.

jfc




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From: "Scott Hollenbeck" <sah@428cobrajet.net>
To: "'Frank Ellermann'" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] singleton (was: First draft published, please comment)
Date: Thu, 17 Mar 2005 07:37:54 -0500
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Please do NOT use the ABNF parser found at
<http://www.apps.ietf.org/abnf.html>.  It has some known issues and it
really needs to be replaced.  The one found at
<http://irg.attlabs.net/~fenner/abnf.cgi> is much better.

Also, please note that RFC 2234 is being updated slightly as part of it's
progression to Draft Standard:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-abnf-rfc2234bis-00.txt

-Scott-

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Frank Ellermann [mailto:nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de] 
> Sent: Wednesday, March 16, 2005 8:14 PM
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] singleton (was: First draft published, please comment)
> 
> 
> Martin Duerst wrote:
> 
> > For minor editorial stuff, please put a series of comments
> > into one email.
> 
> Minor fix, already posted as a comment for draft-10, but it did
> not make into the new draft:
> 
> | One comment says that the singleton-ABNF is not yet finished:
> | 
> <https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/pidtracker.cgi?command=vi
ew_comment&id=31580>

| That's an 2234 oddity, if you say "x" or "X" then it's always
| case insensitive, therefore you need %d120 or %d88 for a case
| sensitive "x" vs. "X".  A possible solution for draft-11:

|  privateuse = "x" 1*("-" (1*8alphanum)) ; private use subtag(s)
|  singleton  = ALPHA ; Single letters: x/X is for private use

Looking again at it that's still not correct, it should be:

   singleton  =  %x41-57 / %x59-6A / %x61-77 / %x79-7A
                 ; ALPHA excl. "x" / "X" for private use

<http://www.apps.ietf.org/abnf.html> doesn't care about these
subtle details, but <http://irg.attlabs.net/~fenner/abnf.cgi>
likes the new ugly "singleton" and the simplified "privateuse".

RfC 2234 belongs to the future "normative references" in the
next draft.

RfC 1521 in the references is old, it's also apparently not
used in the text as [8] or 1521.  Maybe add [8] to the word
MIME in 2.4, and replace RfC 1521 by 2045.  That would go to
the "informative references" in the next draft.

                             Bye, Frank



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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: "Obsolete" region subtags
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin scripsit:

> It target is to get a text in French and to describe it as fr-Latn-FR so 
> everyone understand what it is. Great.
> The langtag is used to qualify/name the language of a text.

That is indeed the purpose of language tags.

> If this was still the same, yes. This is why we were several to say no 
> problem with the Draft should it be used in the same way as 3066. But 
> actually the reason why RFC 3066 has no problem it is because it is not 
> applied.

RFC 3066 is indeed applied, and in many places.  Wherever you see
an Accept-Language header in HTTP, or a lang attribute in HTML, or
an xml:lang attribute in XML, RFC 3066 is being applied.

> - the ietf-languages list is an unknown list with no exposure and it did 
> not registered much tags. The intent is to change that and to support 
> every language with a registered tag. Associating in the IANA tables 
> language names, countries, registrants and documentation for all of them. 

Most of this is just a clone of ISO 639 and ISO 3166.  Under the new
draft, it will be much less necessary to register new and unique subtags.

> Look at the situation of the wikipedia on a certain number of languages 
> and you will understand the change. This is why this list must get the 
> proper exposure, to get acknowledged experts from every languages, 
> familiar with the network technology and their national situation and 
> policy. This way no one will be able to object the system is biased and a 
> State sovereignty violation.

This concern is overblown.  Languages are not the property of states.
Nor is it plausible that experts in the world's 7000 languages are going
to also be familiar with "network technology" (whatever that means
exactly).

It is more or less an accident that language tags are an IETF issue
at all, as their connection to the Internet as such is rather weak.
But here we are.

> - the RFC 3066 describes a lot of applications which are quoted the same 
> in the draft. But these applications are not used. This changes with the 
> new formalization and exposure. Quoted applications such as word 
> processors, grammar checker, etc will be really considered.

They are in use today.

> Let say there is a Greek text and I start editing it in French and I keep 
> the Greek langtag. How will you be able to say I am wrong? I will say 
> "this is Greek". To prove me wrong you need a reference to be run against 
> my text, a syntax, a semantic, a grammar, a dictionary, etc. Short of 
> that you may know that my text is not Greek, but you cannot do anything 
> more. You need two additional descriptors to do that: an authoritative 
> reference you can oppose me or force me to apply, and you need a style to 
> say how you want me to apply it.

This concern is also overblown.  There is simply no dispute in general
about what is Greek and what is French, any more than there is serious
confusion between frogs and pond ripples (although a frog can be seen
as a wave and a ripple as a particle from a quantum-mechanical viewpoint).

> 1. to reduce/keep the additonal registrations of subtags identical to the 
> concerned ISO list.

The ISO 639 list is known to inadequately identify the languages on it;
Peter Constable and others have done heroic work in attempting to
clarify this in order to create the current editor's draft of 639-3
(which will by intention provide a code for every language).

> There should be no reference to a registrant, nor to 
> additional elements. This should be reserved to the review process. The 
> registration should be bilingual when ISO is bilingual (for the same two 
> different sources of study). 

The registrant is tracked for purely administrative reasons, not because
he or she is considered to be individually authoritative.

> 2. let define that the language tag uses 5 main descriptors which can be 
> reduced to 1, 2, 3 or more when qualifying and having to be 5 when 
> defining.

This concern too is overblown.  There are a very, very few cases where
language identification is political:  "This text is Croatian."  "No, it
is Serbian."  For the overwhelming majority of languages, there is
no dispute about identity.  (There are often disputes over what is a
language per se and what is a language variety, but that is not an
essential concern for RFC 3066 any more than the analogous concern
over states vs. territories is for ISO 3166.)

-- 
John Cowan  www.ccil.org/~cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.reutershealth.com
Monday we watch-a Firefly's house, but he no come out.  He wasn't home.
Tuesday we go to the ball game, but he fool us.  He no show up.  Wednesday he
go to the ball game, and we fool him.  We no show up.  Thursday was a
double-header.  Nobody show up.  Friday it rained all day.  There was no ball
game, so we stayed home and we listened to it on-a the radio.  --Chicolini

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Chairs:

I have created an editor's copy of draft-01 of the registry document. =
Because RFC 2234 and the ABNF rules must apply to our document, I have =
made the ABNF change noted in my message below (our existing ABNF is =
somehow invalid?)

I have not made the change regarding references. There needs to be =
direction about what, if anything, to do with dead references.

I am also prepared to follow your lead in incorporating appropriate =
textual changes that you feel have achieved the necessary consensus on =
the list. Changes in drafts I will continue to annotate in the "Changes" =
section of the document (Section 6, currently) to make it easier to =
track changes between versions.

I will not incorporate any text until you tell me to do so. If you wish =
me to create a mockup of changes or a checkpoint version for the =
purposes of debate, I'm happy to do that. Please let me know what form =
any such documents should take or any additional guidance you wish to =
supply.

Best Regards,

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Addison Phillips
> Sent: Wednesday, March 16, 2005 5:35 PM
> To: Frank Ellermann; ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] singleton (was: First draft published, please =
comment)
>=20
> Fenner's parser doesn't like the new ABNF. I can make it ugly in the
> manner suggested easily enough, though. It isn't very friendly, but I
> don't think it matters. Perhaps:
>=20
> singleton       =3D %x41-57 / %x59-6A / %x61-77 / %x79-7A
>                 ; "a"-"w" / "y"-"z" / "A"-"W" / "Y"-"Z"
>                 ; Single letters: x/X is reserved for private use
>=20
> With regard to the references, these have not been cleaned in awhile. =
RFC
> 1521 is a dead reference. It was carried forward from RFC 3066... but
> wasn't referenced in that RFC either, merely carried forward from RFC =
1766,
> Section 4.1.
>=20
> I can update the reference or we could just expunge it altogether.
>=20
> Addison
>=20
> Addison P. Phillips
> Globalization Architect, Quest Software
> Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group
>=20
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org =
[mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
> On
> > Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 16, 2005 5:14 PM
> > To: ltru@ietf.org
> > Subject: [Ltru] singleton (was: First draft published, please =
comment)
> >
> > Martin Duerst wrote:
> >
> > > For minor editorial stuff, please put a series of comments
> > > into one email.
> >
> > Minor fix, already posted as a comment for draft-10, but it did
> > not make into the new draft:
> >
> > | One comment says that the singleton-ABNF is not yet finished:
> > |
> >
> =
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/pidtracker.cgi?command=3Dview_commen=
t&i
> > d=3D31580>
> >
> > | That's an 2234 oddity, if you say "x" or "X" then it's always
> > | case insensitive, therefore you need %d120 or %d88 for a case
> > | sensitive "x" vs. "X".  A possible solution for draft-11:
> >
> > |  privateuse =3D "x" 1*("-" (1*8alphanum)) ; private use subtag(s)
> > |  singleton  =3D ALPHA ; Single letters: x/X is for private use
> >
> > Looking again at it that's still not correct, it should be:
> >
> >    singleton  =3D  %x41-57 / %x59-6A / %x61-77 / %x79-7A
> >                  ; ALPHA excl. "x" / "X" for private use
> >
> > <http://www.apps.ietf.org/abnf.html> doesn't care about these
> > subtle details, but <http://irg.attlabs.net/~fenner/abnf.cgi>
> > likes the new ugly "singleton" and the simplified "privateuse".
> >
> > RfC 2234 belongs to the future "normative references" in the
> > next draft.
> >
> > RfC 1521 in the references is old, it's also apparently not
> > used in the text as [8] or 1521.  Maybe add [8] to the word
> > MIME in 2.4, and replace RfC 1521 by 2045.  That would go to
> > the "informative references" in the next draft.
> >
> >                              Bye, Frank
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 18 01:14:13 2005
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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
To: <ltru@ietf.org>
References: <20050314001938.PAYD5424.mta6.adelphia.net@megatron.ietf.org><002701c52833$a99cdd00$030aa8c0@DEWELL><6.1.2.0.2.20050314024326.03f4fd20@mail.jefsey.com><006201c52843$6b79ee40$030aa8c0@DEWELL><6.1.2.0.2.20050314120015.03fe3cf0@mail.jefsey.com><42364EDB.197@xyzzy.claranet.de><6.1.2.0.2.20050315102933.03405df0@mail.jefsey.com><42382C1F.762A@freenet.de><6.1.2.0.2.20050316144451.044824d0@mail.jefsey.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Registry homepage (was: "Obsolete" region subtags)
Date: Thu, 17 Mar 2005 22:13:50 -0800
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Hi -

> From: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
> To: <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, March 16, 2005 8:42 PM
> Subject: [Ltru] Registry homepage (was: "Obsolete" region subtags)
>

> JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:
>
> > why do you want to use the IANA?
>
> I'm not exactly sure why, but at the moment I trust that they
> try to work for some common good.  I never had any problems
> with ICANN, quite the contrary, I like their WDPRS among other
> things.  That's all off topic here, let's stick to the facts,
> at the moment IANA hosts all registries related to RfCs.
...

There's a simpler answer.  Our charter says that this WG is to
"describe the structure of the IANA registry."  Alternatives are
outside the scope of this working group.

Please, let's focus this energy on the work we were chartered to do.

Randy




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Subject: Re: [Ltru] singleton (was: First draft published, please comment)
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Hi -

> From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
> To: <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Thursday, March 17, 2005 9:56 AM
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] singleton (was: First draft published, please comment)
...
> I have not made the change regarding references.
> There needs to be direction about what, if anything,
> to do with dead references.

(As contributor): delete dead references.
(As WG co-chair): Removing dead references is a "pure" editorial task akin
to fixing grammar or spelling.  You've alerted the WG to the problem; if
anyone feels strongly about it, it is incumbent on them to speak up.  I
recommend deleting the dead references.

...
> I will not incorporate any text until you tell me to do so.

> If you wish me to create a mockup of changes or a
> checkpoint version for the purposes of debate, I'm happy to do that.

The i-d itself normally serves that purpose.  Integers are cheap,
and, except during IETF meeting week, the secretariat gives
fast service.

> Please let me know what form any such documents should
> take or any additional guidance you wish to supply.

Several issues have been discussed during this first week of ltru.
Martin and I will make a quick pass through the threads, and send
out "consensus call" messages for the issues that have been
brought up where we think there may be a rough consensus.  That
will give anyone with strong objections to those proposed resolutions
the opportunity to present alternatives.

After we've sent out those consensus calls:
If anyone on this list thinks there's an issue that's reached
consensus that we've overlooked, please post to the list.
If we get it wrong, please post to the list.
If we don't see objections in a day or two, the editors should
go ahead with the changes.

Randy
Ltru co-chair




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Addison Phillips wrote:

> singleton    = %x41-57 / %x59-6A / %x61-77 / %x79-7A
>             ; "a"-"w" / "y"-"z" / "A"-"W" / "Y"-"Z"
>             ; Single letters: x/X is reserved for private use

Yes, that's fine.  AFAIK as editor you're free to edit whatever
you think needs editing without intervention of Martin or Randy
after the initial -00 version, unless it's a hot issue where a
"rough consensus" isn't obvious.

For the references simply delete what you don't need.  If Bruce
has something to say about RfC 2231 he will do it, I'll scream,
and Randy or Martin would say that Bruce is right, as always.

It's only me who needs the screaming when RfC 2231 is affected,
language tags in a multi-line boundary don't make this worse as
it already is, and it has almost nothing to do with your draft.

What you IIRC really need are both "normative references" and
"informative references", with e.g. RfC 2234 as "normative".
Or as Scott said later RfC 2234bis, this should be ready soon,
unless Bruce finds a problem in the 2234bis draft.  Bye, Frank



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Hi -

> From: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
> To: <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Thursday, March 17, 2005 10:33 PM
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: singleton
...
> Yes, that's fine.  AFAIK as editor you're free to edit whatever
> you think needs editing without intervention of Martin or Randy
> after the initial -00 version, unless it's a hot issue where a
> "rough consensus" isn't obvious.
...

In general that is how most WGs operate.   The co-chairs here are
simply being extra-cautious in verifying rough consensus for the
technical edits.  We have quite a few participants who are not
as well versed in the IETF way of doing things as one might like.
As the WG matures in the coming weeks, we hope to start
operating more like other WGs, and shift more of the work
from the co-chairs to the editors.  :-)

Randy




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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 18 02:31:51 2005
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Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2005 15:36:16 +0900
To: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
From: Martin Duerst <duerst@w3.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] singleton (was: First draft published, please
  comment)
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Hello Addison,

At 02:56 05/03/18, Addison Phillips wrote:
 >Chairs:

Many thanks for checking with us.

 >I have created an editor's copy of draft-01 of the registry document.
 >Because RFC 2234 and the ABNF rules must apply to our document, I have made
 >the ABNF change noted in my message below (our existing ABNF is somehow 
invalid?)

Good.

 >I have not made the change regarding references. There needs to be
 >direction about what, if anything, to do with dead references.

I think this is one of these things where nobody cares enough.
For such things, it's best if you just go ahead and do something,
tell everybody on the list, and get back to it if it should
turn out to be controversial. If you need input to start with,
here is my personal preference: Update to RFC 2045 and reference
it from after the word MIME.

 >I am also prepared to follow your lead in incorporating appropriate textual
 >changes that you feel have achieved the necessary consensus on the list.

Great. Randy may come up with some proposal for how to manage issues.
I hope we can soon reach an at least preliminary conclusion for how
we want to address registry initialization.

 >Changes in drafts I will continue to annotate in the "Changes" section of
 >the document (Section 6, currently) to make it easier to track changes
 >between versions.

Okay, very good.

 >I will not incorporate any text until you tell me to do so. If you wish me
 >to create a mockup of changes or a checkpoint version for the purposes of
 >debate, I'm happy to do that. Please let me know what form any such
 >documents should take or any additional guidance you wish to supply.

I don't think we need an additional level. For some things,
it will be okay for you to just create actual wording based
on a conclusion we reach, and we all see that text in the
next internet-draft. For other things, the best thing to do
is to float the actual text here on the list.

Thanks again for your work.

Regards,    Martin. 


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From: "Scott Hollenbeck" <sah@428cobrajet.net>
To: "'Frank Ellermann'" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: singleton
Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2005 06:57:52 -0500
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> What you IIRC really need are both "normative references" and
> "informative references", with e.g. RfC 2234 as "normative".
> Or as Scott said later RfC 2234bis, this should be ready soon,
> unless Bruce finds a problem in the 2234bis draft.  Bye, Frank

Separation of references into normative and informative subsections is
required these days.

2234bis is out:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-abnf-rfc2234bis-00.txt

-Scott-


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To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Registry homepage (was: "Obsolete" region subtags)
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On 07:13 18/03/2005, Randy Presuhn said:
>Hi -
> > JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:
> > > why do you want to use the IANA?
> >
> > I'm not exactly sure why, but at the moment I trust that they
> > try to work for some common good.  I never had any problems
> > with ICANN, quite the contrary, I like their WDPRS among other
> > things.  That's all off topic here, let's stick to the facts,
> > at the moment IANA hosts all registries related to RfCs.
>
>There's a simpler answer.  Our charter says that this WG is to
>"describe the structure of the IANA registry."  Alternatives are
>outside the scope of this working group.
>
>Please, let's focus this energy on the work we were chartered to do.

Cool ...

Dont' you agree that our job is to discuss an answer to a charter which 
only assigns us to define the "structure of the IANA registry"? An 
XML/ASN.1 structure.

When IESG does that it is because they want to be very restrictive or not 
to limit the scope of the debate. My reading is the second one due to the 
charter last paragraph which implies that we have to revamp of the review 
process. Many other important questions are not listed. How to define the 
technical role of the IANA in area? Will it be a repository, a 
clearinghouse, a registry. Will it act as only a web pages, as a 
"whatidiom" web service, as an FTP server? How is it to be organized? What 
is the contingency plan if it changes (this has to do with the adressing of 
the bases which can be hard coded in millions of programs), the NIC changed 
a few time since it was created. etc.

The first question to consider is what is this structure in that registry 
going to do for who. There are three classes of people involved:

- those who manage the structure - IANA with an important backlog (if Frank 
is correct): question is why? How can our solution help? And there are many 
technical solutions to that I am surprised no one considers.

- those who fill the data into the structure (among who is Frank, with 
seemingly some feelings and misunderstandings). It is important to 
determine the procedure, the guidance, etc. soi they feel at ease and 
motivated. Some are voluntaries, some are employees of organizations with 
social, cultural, religious or commercial interests, some are civil 
servants. Some are linguists, some are network people. We need to keep a 
balance in the best common interest. Frank is in that sense a good 
representative of possible feelings (good or bad) we must take into 
account. Another aspect is the role of the ietf-language list and of its 
procedures which is depend on all of this.

- those who will use it. I represent some of them.

All together we need something which will work.

jfc


=====================================================
For your convenience:
Draft: 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
=====================================================
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
=====================================================
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far as
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
=====================================================
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978 should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
=====================================================


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I have been questioned on the ietf-languages mailing list. The dialog lea=
d=20
to a threat which belongs to this WG. We agreed to transfer it. Here is t=
he=20
status of the current relevant exchange.

>>[I respond to one question] ... they are/this is more related to the 5=20
>>levels/points underlaying a multilingual internet (I am not sure they a=
re=20
>>layers, they just are necessary)

Addison comments them and obviously we are in rough agreement (these poin=
ts=20
are in the Charter as "identifying languages and language preferences" -=20
like in the Word tools menu. We only disagree on scope and application of=
=20
the RFC. I think there are many ways to make the two positions converging=
=20
and to see new synergy resulting from it. But I need first to review the=20
draft (I said I will do it early next week). Responses from Addison and=20
Mark to these comments will help, as weel as comments of this WG.

On 19:29 17/03/2005, Addison Phillips said:
> > - identification of the language (ISO 693 or the like) -> interrelati=
on
> > between people - we can talk
>RFC 3066 and 3066bis call this "primary language"

Correct. However a general remark: this is an analysis. It permits the us=
e=20
of the words we agree upon, but it is more general. I am interested in th=
e=20
users needs and in the network systems' answer to support them in the way=
=20
applications/developers may want to perform them. My priority is to the=20
users, to the network and to the applications, not to the RFC or ISO=20
document. And I live in a real world. I am not interested in good documen=
t=20
you cannot implement due to (may be stupid but real) external objections.

- as a user I consider myself (the need I know the best), the people I=20
develop/consult for in my position of "super IANA like" (CRC) project, th=
e=20
Governments I relate with and most of all multilingualism in naming,=20
e-government, day to day life as per the various ITU, WSIS, UNESCO=20
unanimous declarations.

- as far as network are concerned I consider the Internet current=20
architecture, the Interbox architecture I work on (first guidelines a=20
delayed by all this and current debates, presented to Govs and ITU last=20
months: roughly a virtual user centric NGN permitting the transition from=
=20
current Internet), the management of the few extended services of the=20
Internet architecture (name space - DNS, ONS, Handles, PAD, OPES, ONES),=20
the dramatic architectural impact on a robust yet rustic end to end=20
oriented architecture of multilingualism.

- as far as applications are concerned I am interested in the consistency=
=20
of the different existing tools, but I am also interested in all the=20
applications delayed by the limitations of the current systems. I am=20
advocating the most robust, simple and open common basis to permit to=20
develop compatible tools rather than standardizing one single application=
=20
which will become overloaded with incompatible demands. A good example of=
 a=20
success in that direction is the DNS which has well resisted since 1983=20
(RFC 920).

- as a Registry Manager involved for 30 years in the international public=
=20
and private real intergovernance.

> > - internationalization (what discusses RFC 3066 - ISO 15924) ->
> > interoperation between machines - we can write
>RFC 3066bis calls this "script"

Yes. Same as above.
Also, users are not bond to scripting. Other supports (voice, signals,=20
commands, icons, images, fax, Minitel, music, etc.) are OK with this=20
analysis. In your context we agree.

> > > - multinationalization (taking into account ISO 3166 or other=20
> geopolitical
> > attribute) -> interculturization between communities - we can share s=
ame
> > cultural references, the same meanings (for example, what may be miss=
ing
> > in
> > here).
>RFC 3066 and 3066bis call this "region"

Yes. Same as above. But in your context you refer to a region. IAnalysis =
is=20
not limited only to that. It can be a Diaspora, a Church, a culture, etc.=
=20
Look at Tamils for example, as a population.

> > - multilingualization (semantic, grammar, dictionary, syntax, etc.) -=
>
> > interintelligibility -> we can understand each other
>
>RFC 3066bis calls this a "variant"--variations within a language, which=20
>may take many forms (orthography, dialect, etc. etc.). RFC 3066 allows=20
>entries that represent this to be registered (but doesn't identify them=20
>explicitly with a name). Both allow multiple variations to be applied to=
 a=20
>text.

Here I think we have a real difference.

If I read you correctly, you discuss of variation _within_ a language. I=20
discuss of what describes a language. I suppose that you will translate=20
this into a different code/description permitting someone to qualify a te=
xt=20
with a different tag. I will translate that into a CD including all the=20
data necessary to describe the language to a computer, to permit to=20
authenticate the origin of the text and to write and edit the text.

> > - vernacularization (procedures, styles, tools, etc.) -> interusabili=
ty ->
> > we can do something together
>
>Language tags identify text, not the processes that are applied to them.

This is the contentious point we have from the very beginning. Would you=20
have included that sentence in the RFC 3066 bis it would be an applauded=20
RFC by everyone. I will come back below on this key point.

>A French text that has had French hyphenation rules applied to it is jus=
t=20
>a French text. Particular vernacular distinctions may be candidates for=20
>registration, though, although this dives into more difficulty: is it=20
>another language or merely stylistic license? Merriam-Webster defines=20
>vernacular thus:
>
>1 a : using a language or dialect native to a region or country rather=20
>than a literary, cultured, or foreign language b : of, relating to, or=20
>being a nonstandard language or dialect of a place, region, or country c=
 :=20
>of, relating to, or being the normal spoken form of a language.

The interest of this langtag is to show that the questions you rise are=20
structurally well addressed by our common analysis. The lang3tag you=20
propose relates to a region and matches (a) and (b). But these are old=20
description outdated by the current world which is more generally describ=
ed=20
in (c). Here you have a problem because your tag could (but your ISO 3166=
=20
oriented approach prevents that) to use virtual regions.

Obviously we lack the common usage of a model where we could spot these=20
issues as I am accustomed in my working groups. But you are in W3C and yo=
u=20
know about web services. When two web services interacts they actually us=
e=20
a vernacular and their Man/machine interface will try to accommodate it t=
o=20
the users' language and brainware (the way people commonly use a network=20
system). This results in a web vernacular, in a mail vernacular which=20
currently is an ASCII vernacular but should multilingualize (and RVC 3066=
=20
is a key building block). When I see To: From: these are vernacular terms=
.=20
This is very interesting to see when people know/can change the mail answ=
er=20
back line to see the formula they use from English "said" to Latin "Scrip=
sit".

Obviously vernacular with that meaning includes a quasi illimited type of=
=20
procedures.

>In other words, Twain's "Pudd'nhead Wilson" is written in a particular=20
>vernacular form of U.S. English. One can register a variant (under=20
>3066bis--or a tag under 3066) that conveys this distinction (perhaps=20
>"en-US-twain"):
>
>"Say it ag'in! En keep on sayin' it! It's all de pay a
>body kin want in dis worl', en it's mo' den enough.
>Laws bless you, honey, when I's slav' aroun', en dey 'buses me,
>if I knows you's a-sayin' dat, 'way off yonder somers,
>it'll heal up all de sore places, en I kin stan' 'em."
>
>Generally though this is considered unnecessary. There are many=20
>vernaculars in the world. Only in exceptional cases does it become=20
>necessary to identify a particular language variation as distinct. But=20
>this does not obviate the point that RFC 3066 (and its proposed successo=
r)=20
>already provide a mechanism for doing exactly that to identify text in t=
he=20
>cases where the differences matter.

I do not dispute the case. I just document an analysis. I am glad to see=20
that even if we may have slight differences, we are basically in agreemen=
t.=20
And that you testify that what I say is in RFC 3066. I documented that in=
=20
telling that I could encapsulate the RFC 3066 in my own approach. And ask=
ed=20
if the way I was doing it was reducing in anyway your proposition. The on=
ly=20
objections I received were on my own part, not on my support of yours.

>(For that matter, 3066bis relaxes strictures surrounding the use of=20
>private use subtags so that specialists can identify various dialects or=
=20
>vernacular usages among themselves without the use of registration:=20
>"en-US-x-twain".)

This is internal to your proposition. I am glad you increase flexibility.=
=20
The only remarks I have is that I am not only concerned in specialists bu=
t=20
in every Internet user. I have observed that what is supposed to be=20
reserved to specialists is quickly used by everyone with easy to use tool=
s=20
and support. This is what RFCs call scalability. Everything has to be=20
documented and planned in a standard as if it was going to be used by=20
everyone all the time. RFC 1958.

>So how is what you're saying different from RFC 3066bis? Heck, how is it=
=20
>different from RFC 3066?!?

In the way RFC 3066 is actually used, it is not. This is what we are tryi=
ng=20
to tell you for two months. The problem is:
- if we are perfectly happy with RFC 3066 as it is applied today and we c=
an=20
stay happy for ever.
- you documented you are not. And we certainly want your needs to be=20
satisfied, but in making us unsatisfied.
And I extensively documented what is detrimental, I can come back again o=
n it.

I will use some HTML to make the presentation clearer. I hope all the=20
readers can use it.



RFC 3066 IS NOT APPLIED
RFC 3066 works well because it is not really applied. What you want will=20
make it applied and will show its lacks and the lacks of its=20
implementation. This lacks are to be corrected. There are mainly three.

1. the ietf-language mailing list

The ietf-languages mailing list is not the IANA list presented in the RFC=
=20
3066. It should be managed and archived by IANA and documented on the IAN=
A=20
site to get the necessary exposure, participation and recognition by the=20
international community. This would most probably help it to self correct=
=20
what I reproach to it. One of the things it would probably have permitted=
=20
to evaluate is its moderation and the reviewer which should probably be a=
=20
three persons committee selected as two linguistic experts of English and=
=20
of French culture and one network expert.

2. a consistency with the considered (ISO) lists
The RFC 3066 confuse the process and the deliverable. Up to now this is n=
ot=20
too much notice because RFC 3066 is only occasionally used and the tables=
=20
updated. It will change when it is extensively used.

The deliverable is the IANA added code. It should be consistent with the=20
ISO lists it intend to complete. There is too much confusing information=20
(name of the referent, documentation of the language). And there is no=20
French translation. If someone needs the additional subtag she will know=20
what it is. All the subtags must be of same weight and definition. How do=
 I=20
know that an ISO 693 code is really what I mean and if someone is not goi=
ng=20
to introduce a new IANA code which will better define my need? How do I=20
know what ISO meant when I know what IANA means. On an other end what=20
should I do when the IANA added code match my need but not the descriptio=
n?=20
How do I make its use consistent with the use of the other ISO codes?

3. the default format being unique
RFC 3066 to my knowledge is used by your W3C applications, by Unicode, et=
c.=20
outside of Internet documents and IANA except for IDNs. This obviously do=
es=20
not help to identify this problem and I am taxed to underline it, people=20
focusing in the only example at hand, rather than on the  fundamental pro=
blem.

RFC 3066 starts with the conclusion. The format proposed format should be=
=20
tone of the conclusion of the analysis. As the use, as the registration=20
procedure, etc. Because you use a given format in a certain kind of=20
applications, you want to use that format for ever. By this token UNIX=20
would use DOS which would use DEC file format. Life is more flexible and=20
innovation comes from flexibility. The format you propose does not suit m=
y=20
needs. It should not be a big deal to stay compatible.

4. You do not care about others' needs
The lack of RFC 3066 apparent use in other areas than your current=20
applications gives the feeling that RFC 3066 can conduct the world. The=20
idea that Countries may be taught to ask for ISO 3166 langtag compliant=20
codes from other countries experience seems odd.

This also does not help to understand that you are shaking an existing=20
stable situation and status quo. But you actually come and propose change=
s,=20
you do not care about those who are affected ("you" - at large - even wan=
t=20
to expel them).

Multilingual Internet

The status quo is based upon the very low interest in multilingualism by=20
IAB. Demonstrated by the only RFC 3066, the low consideration of  Paul=20
Hoffman's initial work, and the clear disinterest signal of the IAB's RFC=
=20
3869 (which lists the development priorities to be funded by the=20
Governments - of every nations and languages - and does not even allude t=
o=20
multilingualism). Now, you want to make it a core issue interfering with=20
the core issue of country codes through your ability to discuss ISO 3166,=
=20
but more questioning the entire Internet architecture!

To understand this, you have remember how a network is built. Every=20
network. Even if it is quite buried in the Internet defaults. A network=20
permits a class of users to relate with a group of resources in using=20
common identifier they register and manage in a registry (NIC) and=20
parameters they store in a common repository (IANA, CRC). The initial=20
international public network technology (1971) we deployed fully supporte=
d=20
classes and groups and permitted to support an unlimited number of=20
national, linguistic, corporate, public interest externets (a class, a=20
group, a registry, a context supported by reference center). OSI principl=
es=20
(1975?) reduced externets to the notion of closed user groups, making the=
=20
class (users) and the group a single list. Internet (1978-83) as a privat=
e=20
network internetting (Vint Cerf/Bob Khan) into a DoD catenet (Louis Pouzi=
n)=20
only considered the Internet users class ("IN" and the "CHAOS" test class=
)=20
and did not really mind about groups (DNS views can very partly reproduce=
,=20
as well as intra/extranets). This permitted to dramatically reduce the=20
intelligence expected from the network and to build a robust (but quite=20
rustic!) network based upon the two "core values": dumb network, end to e=
nd.

Now, multilingualism was initially started (Japan, EBCDIC and=20
France/Minitel) in using classes of non ASCII users interacting with grou=
p=20
of resources able to respond them. This would correspond in the Internet =
to=20
create 1.600.000 classes and to implement a group support which is totall=
y=20
inexplored today. A totally new DNS technology. Also, to speed up routing=
=20
the group support would probably call for a different IPv6 structuring su=
ch=20
as the one proposed for the ITU-T /3 block. We will have to come to that,=
=20
but not now! Let experiment the transition first.

IDN introduced the idea of supporting multilingualism in the ASCII class =
in=20
using internationalization. But this does not work because the analysis i=
s=20
not correct. It just focused on the DN and not on the FQDN and introduced=
 a=20
hierarchy (punycode or not are filtered) in the label rather than in the=20
namespace. This means that they did not identified the need for virtual=20
zones (sub-classes in the IN class) and the need of consistence of the=20
vernacular (IDN Tables) used in that virtual zones. Result: the current=20
homographs problem. The correct solution consists in respecting the=20
standard network architecture in a scalable way and to force the=20
multilingual FQDN (FQMLDN) to be consistent from the TLD to the last leve=
l.=20
Due to the inclusion on the IN class and its existing number of TLD there=
=20
must be a _presentation_ of the zone (lingual SLD) as a single label (ex=20
nnn.chinesetag.cn being displayed as nnn.chinese_printing_of_cn) and a=20
filtering of all the codes which are not permitted in a correct FQMLDN. F=
or=20
that all the concerned machine must have the necessary (limited)=20
information of how to present a lingual SLD as a lingual TLD, and the=20
corresponding IDN Table. There are three places to distribute them: eithe=
r=20
the IANA and the CRCs, either a dynamic repository like Akamai, or the Lo=
cales.

So, you understand that langtags are actually the names of the lingual=20
externets or their aliases. Also, that depending on the way they are=20
organized, they may fit or not into the DNS as it is managed today. Also,=
=20
that while the WSIS is discussing the intergovernance there are a lot of=20
interest to play it clearly, not to confuse the issues.

Applications
you consider only the applications you know. But you disregard the=20
applications others are/should be (:-) working on (like OPES at the WG-OP=
ES=20
and ONES in other places, the CRCs as far I am concerned). And all those =
a=20
correct support of multilingualism and vernacular could unlock. The web i=
s=20
a dazibao. One does spend our life reading. As Hitch says: 90% of the hum=
an=20
communication is not with words. This leaves   a large number of=20
applications  to develop. Their tagging needs are as much important than=20
any other.


THE KEY ISSUE

The key issue is what the langtag for?
The charter says: they are necessary from (a) cataloging to (b) processin=
g.
You say: "Language tags (c) identify text, (d) not the processes that are=
=20
applied to them".
The Draft says:  "This document describes the structure, content,=20
construction, and semantics of language tags for use in cases where it is=
=20
desirable to (e) indicate the language used in an information object. "
Introduction of the draft says: "(f) Information about a user's language=20
preferences commonly needs to be identified (g) so that appropriate=20
processing can be applied"

Dictionary.com says:
"indicate":
(h) to show the way to or the direction of; point out: an arrow indicatin=
g=20
north; indicated the right road by nodding toward it.
(i) to serve as a sign, symptom, or token of; signify: "The cracking and=20
booming of the ice indicate a change of temperature" (Henry David Thoreau=
).
(j) to suggest or demonstrate the necessity, expedience, or advisability=20
of: The symptoms indicate immediate surgery.
(k) to state or express briefly: indicated his wishes in a letter;=20
indicating her approval with a nod.

If the purpose is informative, the way I read (a), (c), (d), (e), (f), (i=
),=20
things are OK with me.
If the purpose is normative, the way I read (b), (g), (h), (j) and possib=
ly=20
(k), things are not in the present status of the document.

Due to the limited use of RFC 3066  discusses above the question was not=20
risen. They were used the way you say, to qualify/catalog texts in=20
different applications and for IDN Tables.

But RFC 3066 - and you and Charter - uses a wording and you use examples=20
(Introduction) which creates ambiguity and confusion about the intended u=
se=20
of the langtags. You can qualify a text with any descriptor you want, thi=
s=20
creates no problem. You can use the langtags as a search key the way you =
want.

But to document the definition of the way a text is to be processed, you=20
need at least all the five the descriptors we described. This is not=20
something you can dispute or you kill the analysis you described as being=
=20
also the RFC 3066 analysis.

If you do not provide these 5 elements, you actually imply the defaults a=
re=20
to be used. There is no default documented in the RFC 3066 and in your=20
draft, except the name of the registrant/referent. He the becomes the=20
default to tell what are the missing parameters. If the name is of a=20
person, the opposition to that person will unnecessarily creates an=20
opposition of the lingual community - even if the tag is correct. If the=20
name is of a corporation or associated to a corporation this may be worse=
=20
and detrimental to the interest of the voluntaries who carried the effort.

>>>  didn't think any Microsoft product dealt with "style" or "authority"
>>>attributes, nor in script except to the extent that is covered by
>>>registered RFC 3066 tags.
>>
>>Name the reference/authority, etc. the way you want. Authoritative in i=
ts=20
>>domain is an usual concept in the Internet culture. You can certainly=20
>>find other words. This is what says a computer that when I write in=20
>>French this is not Greek, or what make you sure that when I write in=20
>>Provencal it is not Berrichon.
>>
>>I gave in my response to Peer how and where the Word system does that.
>>- tools - languages : language, script, country  (you can qualify even =
if=20
>>you do not understand).
>>- tools - options (preferences?) : dictionary, style (you need them to=20
>>understand and write).
>>Which system do you use? Does it support the same descriptors?

This addresses an objection you made in another email, saying that these =
5=20
points were not covered by Word and that your Word 2003 was great because=
=20
it did not support RFC 3066 which was not yet published. Actually, I do u=
se=20
Word. My copy is Word 97, and even in these ancient times, these points w=
e=20
identified/share are here. It only add the proof of the age.

>>This being said, I understand your remark about what I name the=20
>>multilingualization level. You say English is not defined. I belong to =
a=20
>>culture where definition is known and supported for 4 centuries. This=20
>>makes me more aware of this point. Actually English, in a way is more=20
>>defined than French. When we introduce a computer in a culture, we do i=
n=20
>>a few months, a few years, what Richelieu and France did a long ago and=
=20
>>matured over centuries: we create an "Acad=E9mie de cette Langue".

BTW this is probably a very interesting and exciting field of work.

>>What I object is that this Acad=E9mie may belong to anyone else than to=
 the=20
>>people sharing that culture. And naming is already a way to own. As lon=
g=20
>>as it is to qualify the culture it is OK because there is a need. When =
it=20
>>comes to enter in its definition this is - IMHO - an intrusion. And I=20
>>refuse to share in that kind of intrusion.  To the contrary my approach=
=20
>>is to say we are here to serve, help, educate so they can first share i=
n=20
>>this process, comment it and eventually conduct it for themselves.

I fully understand and support (with may be some tunings, like the suppor=
t=20
of namespace related information) the Unicode CLDR project - which is in=20
the IESG charter but not documented - I wonder why. But I would strongly=20
object to it if it was not carried under the supervision of Members of th=
e=20
concerned communities. Frank hates Governments. I tend to think they are=20
our only protectors against e-colonization. Each of us have our fancies.

>>I note that three days ago this list had 2 Greek languages. Now 3 and=20
>>probably 4. Because Greek persons stepped in and documented _their_ own=
=20
>>languages. This is the way it should happen for every language, the=20
>>request should come from each Internet community. This is the spirit of=
=20
>>the text of RFC 3066. I fully understand that people may want urgently=20
>>scan the cultural patrimonies of others, to sell it or to protect it fr=
om=20
>>being merchandized, want to speed up the process. I do not think it is=20
>>commercially or charity advisable to by-pass their future=20
>>customers/friends in this process (as the reactions to the Google's=20
>>annoucement show it). To the contrary they should help empowering the=20
>>language and help their cultural, linguistic, political authorities=20
>>through the registration process.
>>
>>For example, I fully agree with you that the name of the langtag=20
>>registrant is not necessary. But I would suggest to remove it only when=
=20
>>the registration is by an outsider.

I note that if two languages are used at ISO (while UNESCO and ITU use 6=20
languages) there is probably good reasons, which may be to make sure that=
=20
several and at least two cultures shared into the analysis (for defining=20
the tag and when using it). This forces an openness of mind we often need=
.=20
It means alternative thinking, searching, etc. Back-up is always a good=20
thing. Two languages help also help the user to make sure the code she=20
wants to use is the good one. Acceptance of a bilingual table will be far=
=20
higher in a multilingual context than an ASCII only table.

Coopetition tends to foster quality.

I hope that this will eventually help.
jfc






=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D
For your convenience:
Draft:  http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.t=
xt
Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process=
:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far a=
s
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978 should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
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I have been questioned on the ietf-languages mailing list. The dialog
lead to a threat which belongs to this WG. We agreed to transfer it. Here
is the status of the current relevant exchange.<br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D""><blockquote type=3Dcite cl=
ass=3Dcite cite=3D"">[I
respond to one question] ... they are/this is more related to the 5
levels/points underlaying a multilingual internet (I am not sure they are
layers, they just are necessary)</blockquote></blockquote><br>
Addison comments them and obviously we are in rough agreement (these
points are in the Charter as &quot;identifying languages and language
preferences&quot; - like in the Word tools menu. We only disagree on
scope and application of the RFC. I think there are many ways to make the
two positions converging and to see new synergy resulting from it. But I
need first to review the draft (I said I will do it early next week).
Responses from Addison and Mark to these comments will help, as weel as
comments of this WG.<br><br>
On 19:29 17/03/2005, Addison Phillips said:<br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D"">&gt; - identification of t=
he
language (ISO 693 or the like) -&gt; interrelation<br>
&gt; between people - we can talk<br>
RFC 3066 and 3066bis call this &quot;primary
language&quot;</blockquote><br>
Correct. However a general remark: this is an analysis. It permits the
use of the words we agree upon, but it is more general. I am interested
in the users needs and in the network systems' answer to support them in
the way applications/developers may want to perform them. My priority is
to the users, to the network and to the applications, not to the RFC or
ISO document. And I live in a real world. I am not interested in good
document you cannot implement due to (may be stupid but real) external
objections.<br><br>
- as a user I consider myself (the need I know the best), the people I
develop/consult for in my position of &quot;super IANA like&quot; (CRC)
project, the Governments I relate with and most of all multilingualism in
naming, e-government, day to day life as per the various ITU, WSIS,
UNESCO unanimous declarations.<br><br>
- as far as network are concerned I consider the Internet current
architecture, the Interbox architecture I work on (first guidelines a
delayed by all this and current debates, presented to Govs and ITU last
months: roughly a virtual user centric NGN permitting the transition from
current Internet), the management of the few extended services of the
Internet architecture (name space - DNS, ONS, Handles, PAD, OPES, ONES),
the dramatic architectural impact on a robust yet rustic end to end
oriented architecture of multilingualism. <br><br>
- as far as applications are concerned I am interested in the consistency
of the different existing tools, but I am also interested in all the
applications delayed by the limitations of the current systems. I am
advocating the most robust, simple and open common basis to permit to
develop compatible tools rather than standardizing one single application
which will become overloaded with incompatible demands. A good example of
a success in that direction is the DNS which has well resisted since 1983
(RFC 920).<br><br>
- as a Registry Manager involved for 30 years in the international public
and private real intergovernance.<br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D"">&gt; - internationalizatio=
n
(what discusses RFC 3066 - ISO 15924) -&gt;<br>
&gt; interoperation between machines - we can write<br>
RFC 3066bis calls this &quot;script&quot;</blockquote><br>
Yes. Same as above. <br>
Also, users are not bond to scripting. Other supports (voice, signals,
commands, icons, images, fax, Minitel, music, etc.) are OK with this
analysis. In your context we agree.<br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D"">&gt; &gt; - multinationali=
zation
(taking into account ISO 3166 or other geopolitical<br>
&gt; attribute) -&gt; interculturization between communities - we can
share same<br>
&gt; cultural references, the same meanings (for example, what may be
missing<br>
&gt; in<br>
&gt; here).<br>
RFC 3066 and 3066bis call this &quot;region&quot;</blockquote><br>
Yes. Same as above. But in your context you refer to a region. IAnalysis
is not limited only to that. It can be a Diaspora, a Church, a culture,
etc. Look at Tamils for example, as a population. <br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D"">&gt; - multilingualization
(semantic, grammar, dictionary, syntax, etc.) -&gt;<br>
&gt; interintelligibility -&gt; we can understand each other<br><br>
RFC 3066bis calls this a &quot;variant&quot;--variations within a
language, which may take many forms (orthography, dialect, etc. etc.).
RFC 3066 allows entries that represent this to be registered (but doesn't
identify them explicitly with a name). Both allow multiple variations to
be applied to a text.</blockquote><br>
Here I think we have a real difference. <br><br>
If I read you correctly, you discuss of variation _within_ a language. I
discuss of what describes a language. I suppose that you will translate
this into a different code/description permitting someone to qualify a
text with a different tag. I will translate that into a CD including all
the data necessary to describe the language to a computer, to permit to
authenticate the origin of the text and to write and edit the
text.<br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D"">&gt; - vernacularization
(procedures, styles, tools, etc.) -&gt; interusability -&gt;<br>
&gt; we can do something together<br><br>
Language tags identify text, not the processes that are applied to them.
</blockquote><br>
This is the contentious point we have from the very beginning. Would you
have included that sentence in the RFC 3066 bis it would be an applauded
RFC by everyone. I will come back below on this key point.<br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D"">A French text that has had
French hyphenation rules applied to it is just a French text. Particular
vernacular distinctions may be candidates for registration, though,
although this dives into more difficulty: is it another language or
merely stylistic license? Merriam-Webster defines vernacular
thus:<br><br>
1 a : using a language or dialect native to a region or country rather
than a literary, cultured, or foreign language b : of, relating to, or
being a nonstandard language or dialect of a place, region, or country c
: of, relating to, or being the normal spoken form of a
language.</blockquote><br>
The interest of this langtag is to show that the questions you rise are
structurally well addressed by our common analysis. The lang3tag you
propose relates to a region and matches (a) and (b). But these are old
description outdated by the current world which is more generally
described in (c). Here you have a problem because your tag could (but
your ISO 3166 oriented approach prevents that) to use virtual regions.
<br><br>
Obviously we lack the common usage of a model where we could spot these
issues as I am accustomed in my working groups. But you are in W3C and
you know about web services. When two web services interacts they
actually use a vernacular and their Man/machine interface will try to
accommodate it to the users' language and brainware (the way people
commonly use a network system). This results in a web vernacular, in a
mail vernacular which currently is an ASCII vernacular but should
multilingualize (and RVC 3066 is a key building block). When I see To:
From: these are vernacular terms. This is very interesting to see when
people know/can change the mail answer back line to see the formula they
use from English &quot;said&quot; to Latin=20
&quot;Scripsit&quot;.<br><br>
Obviously vernacular with that meaning includes a quasi illimited type of
procedures.<br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D"">In other words, Twain's
&quot;Pudd'nhead Wilson&quot; is written in a particular vernacular form
of U.S. English. One can register a variant (under 3066bis--or a tag
under 3066) that conveys this distinction (perhaps
&quot;en-US-twain&quot;):<br><br>
&quot;Say it ag'in! En keep on sayin' it! It's all de pay a<br>
body kin want in dis worl', en it's mo' den enough.<br>
Laws bless you, honey, when I's slav' aroun', en dey 'buses me,<br>
if I knows you's a-sayin' dat, 'way off yonder somers,<br>
it'll heal up all de sore places, en I kin stan' 'em.&quot;<br><br>
Generally though this is considered unnecessary. There are many
vernaculars in the world. Only in exceptional cases does it become
necessary to identify a particular language variation as distinct. But
this does not obviate the point that RFC 3066 (and its proposed
successor) already provide a mechanism for doing exactly that to identify
text in the cases where the differences matter.</blockquote><br>
I do not dispute the case. I just document an analysis. I am glad to see
that even if we may have slight differences, we are basically in
agreement. And that you testify that what I say is in RFC 3066. I
documented that in telling that I could encapsulate the RFC 3066 in my
own approach. And asked if the way I was doing it was reducing in anyway
your proposition. The only objections I received were on my own part, not
on my support of yours. <br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D"">(For that matter, 3066bis
relaxes strictures surrounding the use of private use subtags so that
specialists can identify various dialects or vernacular usages among
themselves without the use of registration:
&quot;en-US-x-twain&quot;.)</blockquote><br>
This is internal to your proposition. I am glad you increase flexibility.
The only remarks I have is that I am not only concerned in specialists
but in every Internet user. I have observed that what is supposed to be
reserved to specialists is quickly used by everyone with easy to use
tools and support. This is what RFCs call scalability. Everything has to
be documented and planned in a standard as if it was going to be used by
everyone all the time. RFC 1958.<br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D"">So how is what you're sayi=
ng
different from RFC 3066bis? Heck, how is it different from RFC
3066?!?</blockquote><br>
In the way RFC 3066 is actually used, it is not. This is what we are
trying to tell you for two months. The problem is:<br>
- if we are perfectly happy with RFC 3066 as it is applied today and we
can stay happy for ever.<br>
- you documented you are not. And we certainly want your needs to be
satisfied, but in making us unsatisfied. <br>
And I extensively documented what is detrimental, I can come back again
on it.<br><br>
I will use some HTML to make the presentation clearer. I hope all the
readers can use it.<br><br>
<br><br>
<b>RFC 3066 IS NOT APPLIED<br>
</b>RFC 3066 works well because it is not really applied. What you want
will make it applied and will show its lacks and the lacks of its
implementation. This lacks are to be corrected. There are mainly
three.<br><br>
<b>1. the ietf-language mailing list<br><br>
</b>The ietf-languages mailing list is not the IANA list presented in the
RFC 3066. It should be managed and archived by IANA and documented on the
IANA site to get the necessary exposure, participation and recognition by
the international community. This would most probably help it to self
correct what I reproach to it. One of the things it would probably have
permitted to evaluate is its moderation and the reviewer which should
probably be a three persons committee selected as two linguistic experts
of English and of French culture and one network expert.<br><br>
<b>2. a consistency with the considered (ISO) lists<br>
</b>The RFC 3066 confuse the process and the deliverable. Up to now this
is not too much notice because RFC 3066 is only occasionally used and the
tables updated. It will change when it is extensively used.<br><br>
The deliverable is the IANA added code. It should be consistent with the
ISO lists it intend to complete. There is too much confusing information
(name of the referent, documentation of the language). And there is no
French translation. If someone needs the additional subtag she will know
what it is. All the subtags must be of same weight and definition. How do
I know that an ISO 693 code is really what I mean and if someone is not
going to introduce a new IANA code which will better define my need? How
do I know what ISO meant when I know what IANA means. On an other end
what should I do when the IANA added code match my need but not the
description? How do I make its use consistent with the use of the other
ISO codes? <br><br>
<b>3. the default format being unique<br>
</b>RFC 3066 to my knowledge is used by your W3C applications, by
Unicode, etc. outside of Internet documents and IANA except for IDNs.
This obviously does not help to identify this problem and I am taxed to
underline it, people focusing in the only example at hand, rather than on
the&nbsp; fundamental problem.<br><br>
RFC 3066 starts with the conclusion. The format proposed format should be
tone of the conclusion of the analysis. As the use, as the registration
procedure, etc. Because you use a given format in a certain kind of
applications, you want to use that format for ever. By this token UNIX
would use DOS which would use DEC file format. Life is more flexible and
innovation comes from flexibility. The format you propose does not suit
my needs. It should not be a big deal to stay compatible. <br><br>
<b>4. You do not care about others' needs<br>
</b>The lack of RFC 3066 apparent use in other areas than your current
applications gives the feeling that RFC 3066 can conduct the world. The
idea that Countries may be taught to ask for ISO 3166 langtag compliant
codes from other countries experience seems odd. <br><br>
This also does not help to understand that you are shaking an existing
stable situation and status quo. But you actually come and propose
changes, you do not care about those who are affected (&quot;you&quot; -
at large - even want to expel them). <br><br>
<b>Multilingual Internet<br><br>
</b>The status quo is based upon the very low interest in multilingualism
by IAB. Demonstrated by the only RFC 3066, the low consideration of&nbsp;
Paul Hoffman's initial work, and the clear disinterest signal of the
IAB's RFC 3869 (which lists the development priorities to be funded by
the Governments - of every nations and languages - and does not even
allude to multilingualism). Now, you want to make it a core issue
interfering with the core issue of country codes through your ability to
discuss ISO 3166, but more questioning the entire Internet
architecture!<br><br>
To understand this, you have remember how a network is built. Every
network. Even if it is quite buried in the Internet defaults. A network
permits a class of users to relate with a group of resources in using
common identifier they register and manage in a registry (NIC) and
parameters they store in a common repository (IANA, CRC). The initial
international public network technology (1971) we deployed fully
supported classes and groups and permitted to support an unlimited number
of national, linguistic, corporate, public interest externets (a class, a
group, a registry, a context supported by reference center). OSI
principles (1975?) reduced externets to the notion of closed user groups,
making the class (users) and the group a single list. Internet (1978-83)
as a private network internetting (Vint Cerf/Bob Khan) into a DoD catenet
(Louis Pouzin) only considered the Internet users class (&quot;IN&quot;
and the &quot;CHAOS&quot; test class) and did not really mind about
groups (DNS views can very partly reproduce, as well as intra/extranets).
This permitted to dramatically reduce the intelligence expected from the
network and to build a robust (but quite rustic!) network based upon the
two &quot;core values&quot;: dumb network, end to end.<br><br>
Now, multilingualism was initially started (Japan, EBCDIC and
France/Minitel) in using classes of non ASCII users interacting with
group of resources able to respond them. This would correspond in the
Internet to create 1.600.000 classes and to implement a group support
which is totally inexplored today. A totally new DNS technology. Also, to
speed up routing the group support would probably call for a different
IPv6 structuring such as the one proposed for the ITU-T /3 block. We will
have to come to that, but not now! Let experiment the transition
first.<br><br>
IDN introduced the idea of supporting multilingualism in the ASCII class
in using internationalization. But this does not work because the
analysis is not correct. It just focused on the DN and not on the FQDN
and introduced a hierarchy (punycode or not are filtered) in the label
rather than in the namespace. This means that they did not identified the
need for virtual zones (sub-classes in the IN class) and the need of
consistence of the vernacular (IDN Tables) used in that virtual zones.
Result: the current homographs problem. The correct solution consists in
respecting the standard network architecture in a scalable way and to
force the multilingual FQDN (FQMLDN) to be consistent from the TLD to the
last level. Due to the inclusion on the IN class and its existing number
of TLD there must be a _presentation_ of the zone (lingual SLD) as a
single label (ex nnn.chinesetag.cn being displayed as
nnn.chinese_printing_of_cn) and a filtering of all the codes which are
not permitted in a correct FQMLDN. For that all the concerned machine
must have the necessary (limited) information of how to present a lingual
SLD as a lingual TLD, and the corresponding IDN Table. There are three
places to distribute them: either the IANA and the CRCs, either a dynamic
repository like Akamai, or the Locales.<br><br>
So, you understand that langtags are actually the names of the lingual
externets or their aliases. Also, that depending on the way they are
organized, they may fit or not into the DNS as it is managed today. Also,
that while the WSIS is discussing the intergovernance there are a lot of
interest to play it clearly, not to confuse the issues. <br><br>
<b>Applications<br>
</b>you consider only the applications you know. But you disregard the
applications others are/should be (:-) working on (like OPES at the
WG-OPES and ONES in other places, the CRCs as far I am concerned). And
all those a correct support of multilingualism and vernacular could
unlock. The web is a dazibao. One does spend our life reading. As Hitch
says: 90% of the human communication is not with words. This
leaves&nbsp;&nbsp; a large number of applications&nbsp; to develop. Their
tagging needs are as much important than any other.<br><br>
<br>
<b>THE KEY ISSUE<br><br>
</b>The key issue is what the langtag for? <br>
The charter says: they are necessary from (a) cataloging to (b)
processing.<br>
You say: &quot;Language tags (c) identify text, (d) not the processes
that are applied to them&quot;.<br>
The Draft says:&nbsp; &quot;This document describes the structure,
content, construction, and semantics of language tags for use in cases
where it is desirable to (e) indicate the language used in an information
object. &quot;<br>
Introduction of the draft says: &quot;(f) Information about a user's
language preferences commonly needs to be identified (g) so that
appropriate processing can be applied&quot;<br><br>
Dictionary.com says: <br>
&quot;indicate&quot;:<br>
(h) to show the way to or the direction of; point out: an arrow
indicating north; indicated the right road by nodding toward it. <br>
(i) to serve as a sign, symptom, or token of; signify: =93The cracking an=
d
booming of the ice indicate a change of temperature=94 (Henry David
Thoreau). <br>
(j) to suggest or demonstrate the necessity, expedience, or advisability
of: The symptoms indicate immediate surgery. <br>
(k) to state or express briefly: indicated his wishes in a letter;
indicating her approval with a nod. <br><br>
If the purpose is informative, the way I read (a), (c), (d), (e), (f),
(i), things are OK with me. <br>
If the purpose is normative, the way I read (b), (g), (h), (j) and
possibly (k), things are not in the present status of the
document.<br><br>
Due to the limited use of RFC 3066&nbsp; discusses above the question was
not risen. They were used the way you say, to qualify/catalog texts in
different applications and for IDN Tables.<br><br>
But RFC 3066 - and you and Charter - uses a wording and you use examples
(Introduction) which creates ambiguity and confusion about the intended
use of the langtags. You can qualify a text with any descriptor you want,
this creates no problem. You can use the langtags as a search key the way
you want.<br><br>
But to document the definition of the way a text is to be processed, you
need at least all the five the descriptors we described. This is not
something you can dispute or you kill the analysis you described as being
also the RFC 3066 analysis.<br><br>
If you do not provide these 5 elements, you actually imply the defaults
are to be used. There is no default documented in the RFC 3066 and in
your draft, except the name of the registrant/referent. He the becomes
the default to tell what are the missing parameters. If the name is of a
person, the opposition to that person will unnecessarily creates an
opposition of the lingual community - even if the tag is correct. If the
name is of a corporation or associated to a corporation this may be worse
and detrimental to the interest of the voluntaries who carried the
effort.<br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D""><blockquote type=3Dcite cl=
ass=3Dcite cite=3D""><blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D"">&nbsp=
;didn't
think any Microsoft product dealt with &quot;style&quot; or
&quot;authority&quot;<br>
attributes, nor in script except to the extent that is covered by<br>
registered RFC 3066 tags.</blockquote><br>
Name the reference/authority, etc. the way you want. Authoritative in its
domain is an usual concept in the Internet culture. You can certainly
find other words. This is what says a computer that when I write in
French this is not Greek, or what make you sure that when I write in
Provencal it is not Berrichon.<br><br>
I gave in my response to Peer how and where the Word system does
that.<br>
- tools - languages : language, script, country&nbsp; (you can qualify
even if you do not understand).<br>
- tools - options (preferences?) : dictionary, style (you need them to
understand and write).<br>
Which system do you use? Does it support the same
descriptors?</blockquote></blockquote><br>
This addresses an objection you made in another email, saying that these
5 points were not covered by Word and that your Word 2003 was great
because it did not support RFC 3066 which was not yet published.
Actually, I do use Word. My copy is Word 97, and even in these ancient
times, these points we identified/share are here. It only add the proof
of the age. <br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D""><blockquote type=3Dcite cl=
ass=3Dcite cite=3D"">This
being said, I understand your remark about what I name the
multilingualization level. You say English is not defined. I belong to a
culture where definition is known and supported for 4 centuries. This
makes me more aware of this point. Actually English, in a way is more
defined than French. When we introduce a computer in a culture, we do in
a few months, a few years, what Richelieu and France did a long ago and
matured over centuries: we create an &quot;Acad=E9mie de cette
Langue&quot;. </blockquote></blockquote><br>
BTW this is probably a very interesting and exciting field of
work.<br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D""><blockquote type=3Dcite cl=
ass=3Dcite cite=3D"">What
I object is that this Acad=E9mie may belong to anyone else than to the
people sharing that culture. And naming is already a way to own. As long
as it is to qualify the culture it is OK because there is a need. When it
comes to enter in its definition this is - IMHO - an intrusion. And I
refuse to share in that kind of intrusion.&nbsp; To the contrary my
approach is to say we are here to serve, help, educate so they can first
share in this process, comment it and eventually conduct it for
themselves.</blockquote></blockquote><br>
I fully understand and support (with may be some tunings, like the
support of namespace related information) the Unicode CLDR project -
which is in the IESG charter but not documented - I wonder why. But I
would strongly object to it if it was not carried under the supervision
of Members of the concerned communities. Frank hates Governments. I tend
to think they are our only protectors against e-colonization. Each of us
have our fancies.<br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D""><blockquote type=3Dcite cl=
ass=3Dcite cite=3D"">I
note that three days ago this list had 2 Greek languages. Now 3 and
probably 4. Because Greek persons stepped in and documented _their_ own
languages. This is the way it should happen for every language, the
request should come from each Internet community. This is the spirit of
the text of RFC 3066. I fully understand that people may want urgently
scan the cultural patrimonies of others, to sell it or to protect it from
being merchandized, want to speed up the process. I do not think it is
commercially or charity advisable to by-pass their future
customers/friends in this process (as the reactions to the Google's
annoucement show it). To the contrary they should help empowering the
language and help their cultural, linguistic, political authorities
through the registration process.<br><br>
For example, I fully agree with you that the name of the langtag
registrant is not necessary. But I would suggest to remove it only when
the registration is by an outsider.</blockquote></blockquote><br>
I note that if two languages are used at ISO (while UNESCO and ITU use 6
languages) there is probably good reasons, which may be to make sure that
several and at least two cultures shared into the analysis (for defining
the tag and when using it). This forces an openness of mind we often
need. It means alternative thinking, searching, etc. Back-up is always a
good thing. Two languages help also help the user to make sure the code
she wants to use is the good one. Acceptance of a bilingual table will be
far higher in a multilingual context than an ASCII only table.<br><br>
Coopetition tends to foster quality.<br><br>
I hope that this will eventually help.<br>
jfc<br><br>
<br><br>
<br><br>
</body>
<br>
<div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</div>
<div>For your convenience:</div>
<div>Draft:
<x-tab>&nbsp;</x-tab><a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft=
-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt" EUDORA=3DAUTOURL>http://www.ietf.org/internet=
-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt</a></div>
<div>Charter:
<a href=3D"http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html" EUDORA=3DAUTO=
URL>http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html</a></div>
<div>gmane:
<a href=3D"http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru" EUDORA=3DAUTOURL>http://=
dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru</a></div>
<div>If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF
process:</div>
<div><a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt" EUDORA=3DAUTOURL>htt=
p://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt</a></div>
<div><a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt" EUDORA=3DAUTOURL>htt=
p://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt</a></div>
<div><a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt" EUDORA=3DAUTOURL>htt=
p://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt</a></div>
<div><a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt" EUDORA=3DAUTOURL>htt=
p://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt</a></div>
<div><a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt" EUDORA=3DAUTOURL>htt=
p://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt</a></div>
<div><a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-=
02.txt" EUDORA=3DAUTOURL>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffma=
n-taobis-02.txt</a></div>
<div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</div>
<div>Jon Postel (RFC 1591): &quot;The IANA is not in the business of
deciding </div>
<div>what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166
list</div>
<div>&nbsp;as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made
with</div>
<div>&nbsp;the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
</div>
<div>entities should be and should not be on that list.&quot;</div>
<div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</div>
<div>Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): &quot;If there are several ways of
doing the</div>
<div>same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet
context </div>
<div>or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose
the</div>
<div>same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.&nbsp;
</div>
<div>Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as
far as</div>
<div>possible, without of course using this argument to reject
improvements.&quot;</div>
<div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</div>
<div>It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978
should</div>
<div>apply to languages and to ISO 693.</div>
<div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D </div>
</html>

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 18 11:21:42 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] singleton (was: First draft published, please comment)
Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2005 08:20:25 -0800
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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Thanks! I'll remove dead references then. Mark and I are prepared to =
produce the next I-D based on the current round of comments.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Randy Presuhn
> Sent: jeudi 17 mars 2005 22:37
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] singleton (was: First draft published, please =
comment)
>=20
> Hi -
>=20
> > From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
> > To: <ltru@ietf.org>
> > Sent: Thursday, March 17, 2005 9:56 AM
> > Subject: RE: [Ltru] singleton (was: First draft published, please
> comment)
> ...
> > I have not made the change regarding references.
> > There needs to be direction about what, if anything,
> > to do with dead references.
>=20
> (As contributor): delete dead references.
> (As WG co-chair): Removing dead references is a "pure" editorial task =
akin
> to fixing grammar or spelling.  You've alerted the WG to the problem; =
if
> anyone feels strongly about it, it is incumbent on them to speak up.  =
I
> recommend deleting the dead references.
>=20
> ...
> > I will not incorporate any text until you tell me to do so.
>=20
> > If you wish me to create a mockup of changes or a
> > checkpoint version for the purposes of debate, I'm happy to do that.
>=20
> The i-d itself normally serves that purpose.  Integers are cheap,
> and, except during IETF meeting week, the secretariat gives
> fast service.
>=20
> > Please let me know what form any such documents should
> > take or any additional guidance you wish to supply.
>=20
> Several issues have been discussed during this first week of ltru.
> Martin and I will make a quick pass through the threads, and send
> out "consensus call" messages for the issues that have been
> brought up where we think there may be a rough consensus.  That
> will give anyone with strong objections to those proposed resolutions
> the opportunity to present alternatives.
>=20
> After we've sent out those consensus calls:
> If anyone on this list thinks there's an issue that's reached
> consensus that we've overlooked, please post to the list.
> If we get it wrong, please post to the list.
> If we don't see objections in a day or two, the editors should
> go ahead with the changes.
>=20
> Randy
> Ltru co-chair
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] follow-up of an exchange on ietf-languages@alvestrand.no
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>,
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> But I need
> first to review the draft (I said I will do it early next week).

You send us all this without having actually read the draft?=20

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of JFC (Jefsey) Morfin
> Sent: vendredi 18 mars 2005 08:00
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: [Ltru] follow-up of an exchange on =
ietf-languages@alvestrand.no
>=20
> I have been questioned on the ietf-languages mailing list. The dialog =
lead
> to a threat which belongs to this WG. We agreed to transfer it. Here =
is
> the status of the current relevant exchange.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> 		[I respond to one question] ... they are/this is more related
> to the 5 levels/points underlaying a multilingual internet (I am not =
sure
> they are layers, they just are necessary)
>=20
>=20
> Addison comments them and obviously we are in rough agreement (these
> points are in the Charter as "identifying languages and language
> preferences" - like in the Word tools menu. We only disagree on scope =
and
> application of the RFC. I think there are many ways to make the two
> positions converging and to see new synergy resulting from it. But I =
need
> first to review the draft (I said I will do it early next week). =
Responses
> from Addison and Mark to these comments will help, as weel as comments =
of
> this WG.
>=20
> On 19:29 17/03/2005, Addison Phillips said:
>=20
>=20
> 	> - identification of the language (ISO 693 or the like) ->
> interrelation
> 	> between people - we can talk
> 	RFC 3066 and 3066bis call this "primary language"
>=20
>=20
> Correct. However a general remark: this is an analysis. It permits the =
use
> of the words we agree upon, but it is more general. I am interested in =
the
> users needs and in the network systems' answer to support them in the =
way
> applications/developers may want to perform them. My priority is to =
the
> users, to the network and to the applications, not to the RFC or ISO
> document. And I live in a real world. I am not interested in good =
document
> you cannot implement due to (may be stupid but real) external =
objections.
>=20
> - as a user I consider myself (the need I know the best), the people I
> develop/consult for in my position of "super IANA like" (CRC) project, =
the
> Governments I relate with and most of all multilingualism in naming, =
e-
> government, day to day life as per the various ITU, WSIS, UNESCO =
unanimous
> declarations.
>=20
> - as far as network are concerned I consider the Internet current
> architecture, the Interbox architecture I work on (first guidelines a
> delayed by all this and current debates, presented to Govs and ITU =
last
> months: roughly a virtual user centric NGN permitting the transition =
from
> current Internet), the management of the few extended services of the
> Internet architecture (name space - DNS, ONS, Handles, PAD, OPES, =
ONES),
> the dramatic architectural impact on a robust yet rustic end to end
> oriented architecture of multilingualism.
>=20
> - as far as applications are concerned I am interested in the =
consistency
> of the different existing tools, but I am also interested in all the
> applications delayed by the limitations of the current systems. I am
> advocating the most robust, simple and open common basis to permit to
> develop compatible tools rather than standardizing one single =
application
> which will become overloaded with incompatible demands. A good example =
of
> a success in that direction is the DNS which has well resisted since =
1983
> (RFC 920).
>=20
> - as a Registry Manager involved for 30 years in the international =
public
> and private real intergovernance.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> 	> - internationalization (what discusses RFC 3066 - ISO 15924) ->
> 	> interoperation between machines - we can write
> 	RFC 3066bis calls this "script"
>=20
>=20
> Yes. Same as above.
> Also, users are not bond to scripting. Other supports (voice, signals,
> commands, icons, images, fax, Minitel, music, etc.) are OK with this
> analysis. In your context we agree.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> 	> > - multinationalization (taking into account ISO 3166 or other
> geopolitical
> 	> attribute) -> interculturization between communities - we can
> share same
> 	> cultural references, the same meanings (for example, what may be
> missing
> 	> in
> 	> here).
> 	RFC 3066 and 3066bis call this "region"
>=20
>=20
> Yes. Same as above. But in your context you refer to a region. =
IAnalysis
> is not limited only to that. It can be a Diaspora, a Church, a =
culture,
> etc. Look at Tamils for example, as a population.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> 	> - multilingualization (semantic, grammar, dictionary, syntax, etc.)
> ->
> 	> interintelligibility -> we can understand each other
>=20
> 	RFC 3066bis calls this a "variant"--variations within a language,
> which may take many forms (orthography, dialect, etc. etc.). RFC 3066
> allows entries that represent this to be registered (but doesn't =
identify
> them explicitly with a name). Both allow multiple variations to be =
applied
> to a text.
>=20
>=20
> Here I think we have a real difference.
>=20
> If I read you correctly, you discuss of variation _within_ a language. =
I
> discuss of what describes a language. I suppose that you will =
translate
> this into a different code/description permitting someone to qualify a
> text with a different tag. I will translate that into a CD including =
all
> the data necessary to describe the language to a computer, to permit =
to
> authenticate the origin of the text and to write and edit the text.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> 	> - vernacularization (procedures, styles, tools, etc.) ->
> interusability ->
> 	> we can do something together
>=20
> 	Language tags identify text, not the processes that are applied to
> them.
>=20
>=20
> This is the contentious point we have from the very beginning. Would =
you
> have included that sentence in the RFC 3066 bis it would be an =
applauded
> RFC by everyone. I will come back below on this key point.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> 	A French text that has had French hyphenation rules applied to it is
> just a French text. Particular vernacular distinctions may be =
candidates
> for registration, though, although this dives into more difficulty: is =
it
> another language or merely stylistic license? Merriam-Webster defines
> vernacular thus:
>=20
> 	1 a : using a language or dialect native to a region or country
> rather than a literary, cultured, or foreign language b : of, relating =
to,
> or being a nonstandard language or dialect of a place, region, or =
country
> c : of, relating to, or being the normal spoken form of a language.
>=20
>=20
> The interest of this langtag is to show that the questions you rise =
are
> structurally well addressed by our common analysis. The lang3tag you
> propose relates to a region and matches (a) and (b). But these are old
> description outdated by the current world which is more generally
> described in (c). Here you have a problem because your tag could (but =
your
> ISO 3166 oriented approach prevents that) to use virtual regions.
>=20
> Obviously we lack the common usage of a model where we could spot =
these
> issues as I am accustomed in my working groups. But you are in W3C and =
you
> know about web services. When two web services interacts they actually =
use
> a vernacular and their Man/machine interface will try to accommodate =
it to
> the users' language and brainware (the way people commonly use a =
network
> system). This results in a web vernacular, in a mail vernacular which
> currently is an ASCII vernacular but should multilingualize (and RVC =
3066
> is a key building block). When I see To: From: these are vernacular =
terms.
> This is very interesting to see when people know/can change the mail
> answer back line to see the formula they use from English "said" to =
Latin
> "Scripsit".
>=20
> Obviously vernacular with that meaning includes a quasi illimited type =
of
> procedures.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> 	In other words, Twain's "Pudd'nhead Wilson" is written in a
> particular vernacular form of U.S. English. One can register a variant
> (under 3066bis--or a tag under 3066) that conveys this distinction
> (perhaps "en-US-twain"):
>=20
> 	"Say it ag'in! En keep on sayin' it! It's all de pay a
> 	body kin want in dis worl', en it's mo' den enough.
> 	Laws bless you, honey, when I's slav' aroun', en dey 'buses me,
> 	if I knows you's a-sayin' dat, 'way off yonder somers,
> 	it'll heal up all de sore places, en I kin stan' 'em."
>=20
> 	Generally though this is considered unnecessary. There are many
> vernaculars in the world. Only in exceptional cases does it become
> necessary to identify a particular language variation as distinct. But
> this does not obviate the point that RFC 3066 (and its proposed =
successor)
> already provide a mechanism for doing exactly that to identify text in =
the
> cases where the differences matter.
>=20
>=20
> I do not dispute the case. I just document an analysis. I am glad to =
see
> that even if we may have slight differences, we are basically in =
agreement.
> And that you testify that what I say is in RFC 3066. I documented that =
in
> telling that I could encapsulate the RFC 3066 in my own approach. And
> asked if the way I was doing it was reducing in anyway your =
proposition.
> The only objections I received were on my own part, not on my support =
of
> yours.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> 	(For that matter, 3066bis relaxes strictures surrounding the use of
> private use subtags so that specialists can identify various dialects =
or
> vernacular usages among themselves without the use of registration: =
"en-
> US-x-twain".)
>=20
>=20
> This is internal to your proposition. I am glad you increase =
flexibility.
> The only remarks I have is that I am not only concerned in specialists =
but
> in every Internet user. I have observed that what is supposed to be
> reserved to specialists is quickly used by everyone with easy to use =
tools
> and support. This is what RFCs call scalability. Everything has to be
> documented and planned in a standard as if it was going to be used by
> everyone all the time. RFC 1958.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> 	So how is what you're saying different from RFC 3066bis? Heck, how
> is it different from RFC 3066?!?
>=20
>=20
> In the way RFC 3066 is actually used, it is not. This is what we are
> trying to tell you for two months. The problem is:
> - if we are perfectly happy with RFC 3066 as it is applied today and =
we
> can stay happy for ever.
> - you documented you are not. And we certainly want your needs to be
> satisfied, but in making us unsatisfied.
> And I extensively documented what is detrimental, I can come back =
again on
> it.
>=20
> I will use some HTML to make the presentation clearer. I hope all the
> readers can use it.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> RFC 3066 IS NOT APPLIED
> RFC 3066 works well because it is not really applied. What you want =
will
> make it applied and will show its lacks and the lacks of its
> implementation. This lacks are to be corrected. There are mainly =
three.
>=20
> 1. the ietf-language mailing list
>=20
> The ietf-languages mailing list is not the IANA list presented in the =
RFC
> 3066. It should be managed and archived by IANA and documented on the =
IANA
> site to get the necessary exposure, participation and recognition by =
the
> international community. This would most probably help it to self =
correct
> what I reproach to it. One of the things it would probably have =
permitted
> to evaluate is its moderation and the reviewer which should probably =
be a
> three persons committee selected as two linguistic experts of English =
and
> of French culture and one network expert.
>=20
> 2. a consistency with the considered (ISO) lists
> The RFC 3066 confuse the process and the deliverable. Up to now this =
is
> not too much notice because RFC 3066 is only occasionally used and the
> tables updated. It will change when it is extensively used.
>=20
> The deliverable is the IANA added code. It should be consistent with =
the
> ISO lists it intend to complete. There is too much confusing =
information
> (name of the referent, documentation of the language). And there is no
> French translation. If someone needs the additional subtag she will =
know
> what it is. All the subtags must be of same weight and definition. How =
do
> I know that an ISO 693 code is really what I mean and if someone is =
not
> going to introduce a new IANA code which will better define my need? =
How
> do I know what ISO meant when I know what IANA means. On an other end =
what
> should I do when the IANA added code match my need but not the =
description?
> How do I make its use consistent with the use of the other ISO codes?
>=20
> 3. the default format being unique
> RFC 3066 to my knowledge is used by your W3C applications, by Unicode, =
etc.
> outside of Internet documents and IANA except for IDNs. This obviously
> does not help to identify this problem and I am taxed to underline it,
> people focusing in the only example at hand, rather than on the
> fundamental problem.
>=20
> RFC 3066 starts with the conclusion. The format proposed format should =
be
> tone of the conclusion of the analysis. As the use, as the =
registration
> procedure, etc. Because you use a given format in a certain kind of
> applications, you want to use that format for ever. By this token UNIX
> would use DOS which would use DEC file format. Life is more flexible =
and
> innovation comes from flexibility. The format you propose does not =
suit my
> needs. It should not be a big deal to stay compatible.
>=20
> 4. You do not care about others' needs
> The lack of RFC 3066 apparent use in other areas than your current
> applications gives the feeling that RFC 3066 can conduct the world. =
The
> idea that Countries may be taught to ask for ISO 3166 langtag =
compliant
> codes from other countries experience seems odd.
>=20
> This also does not help to understand that you are shaking an existing
> stable situation and status quo. But you actually come and propose =
changes,
> you do not care about those who are affected ("you" - at large - even =
want
> to expel them).
>=20
> Multilingual Internet
>=20
> The status quo is based upon the very low interest in multilingualism =
by
> IAB. Demonstrated by the only RFC 3066, the low consideration of  Paul
> Hoffman's initial work, and the clear disinterest signal of the IAB's =
RFC
> 3869 (which lists the development priorities to be funded by the
> Governments - of every nations and languages - and does not even =
allude to
> multilingualism). Now, you want to make it a core issue interfering =
with
> the core issue of country codes through your ability to discuss ISO =
3166,
> but more questioning the entire Internet architecture!
>=20
> To understand this, you have remember how a network is built. Every
> network. Even if it is quite buried in the Internet defaults. A =
network
> permits a class of users to relate with a group of resources in using
> common identifier they register and manage in a registry (NIC) and
> parameters they store in a common repository (IANA, CRC). The initial
> international public network technology (1971) we deployed fully =
supported
> classes and groups and permitted to support an unlimited number of
> national, linguistic, corporate, public interest externets (a class, a
> group, a registry, a context supported by reference center). OSI
> principles (1975?) reduced externets to the notion of closed user =
groups,
> making the class (users) and the group a single list. Internet =
(1978-83)
> as a private network internetting (Vint Cerf/Bob Khan) into a DoD =
catenet
> (Louis Pouzin) only considered the Internet users class ("IN" and the
> "CHAOS" test class) and did not really mind about groups (DNS views =
can
> very partly reproduce, as well as intra/extranets). This permitted to
> dramatically reduce the intelligence expected from the network and to
> build a robust (but quite rustic!) network based upon the two "core
> values": dumb network, end to end.
>=20
> Now, multilingualism was initially started (Japan, EBCDIC and
> France/Minitel) in using classes of non ASCII users interacting with =
group
> of resources able to respond them. This would correspond in the =
Internet
> to create 1.600.000 classes and to implement a group support which is
> totally inexplored today. A totally new DNS technology. Also, to speed =
up
> routing the group support would probably call for a different IPv6
> structuring such as the one proposed for the ITU-T /3 block. We will =
have
> to come to that, but not now! Let experiment the transition first.
>=20
> IDN introduced the idea of supporting multilingualism in the ASCII =
class
> in using internationalization. But this does not work because the =
analysis
> is not correct. It just focused on the DN and not on the FQDN and
> introduced a hierarchy (punycode or not are filtered) in the label =
rather
> than in the namespace. This means that they did not identified the =
need
> for virtual zones (sub-classes in the IN class) and the need of
> consistence of the vernacular (IDN Tables) used in that virtual zones.
> Result: the current homographs problem. The correct solution consists =
in
> respecting the standard network architecture in a scalable way and to
> force the multilingual FQDN (FQMLDN) to be consistent from the TLD to =
the
> last level. Due to the inclusion on the IN class and its existing =
number
> of TLD there must be a _presentation_ of the zone (lingual SLD) as a
> single label (ex nnn.chinesetag.cn being displayed as
> nnn.chinese_printing_of_cn) and a filtering of all the codes which are =
not
> permitted in a correct FQMLDN. For that all the concerned machine must
> have the necessary (limited) information of how to present a lingual =
SLD
> as a lingual TLD, and the corresponding IDN Table. There are three =
places
> to distribute them: either the IANA and the CRCs, either a dynamic
> repository like Akamai, or the Locales.
>=20
> So, you understand that langtags are actually the names of the lingual
> externets or their aliases. Also, that depending on the way they are
> organized, they may fit or not into the DNS as it is managed today. =
Also,
> that while the WSIS is discussing the intergovernance there are a lot =
of
> interest to play it clearly, not to confuse the issues.
>=20
> Applications
> you consider only the applications you know. But you disregard the
> applications others are/should be (:-) working on (like OPES at the =
WG-
> OPES and ONES in other places, the CRCs as far I am concerned). And =
all
> those a correct support of multilingualism and vernacular could =
unlock.
> The web is a dazibao. One does spend our life reading. As Hitch says: =
90%
> of the human communication is not with words. This leaves   a large =
number
> of applications  to develop. Their tagging needs are as much important
> than any other.
>=20
>=20
> THE KEY ISSUE
>=20
> The key issue is what the langtag for?
> The charter says: they are necessary from (a) cataloging to (b) =
processing.
> You say: "Language tags (c) identify text, (d) not the processes that =
are
> applied to them".
> The Draft says:  "This document describes the structure, content,
> construction, and semantics of language tags for use in cases where it =
is
> desirable to (e) indicate the language used in an information object. =
"
> Introduction of the draft says: "(f) Information about a user's =
language
> preferences commonly needs to be identified (g) so that appropriate
> processing can be applied"
>=20
> Dictionary.com says:
> "indicate":
> (h) to show the way to or the direction of; point out: an arrow =
indicating
> north; indicated the right road by nodding toward it.
> (i) to serve as a sign, symptom, or token of; signify: "The cracking =
and
> booming of the ice indicate a change of temperature" (Henry David =
Thoreau).
> (j) to suggest or demonstrate the necessity, expedience, or =
advisability
> of: The symptoms indicate immediate surgery.
> (k) to state or express briefly: indicated his wishes in a letter;
> indicating her approval with a nod.
>=20
> If the purpose is informative, the way I read (a), (c), (d), (e), (f), =
(i),
> things are OK with me.
> If the purpose is normative, the way I read (b), (g), (h), (j) and
> possibly (k), things are not in the present status of the document.
>=20
> Due to the limited use of RFC 3066  discusses above the question was =
not
> risen. They were used the way you say, to qualify/catalog texts in
> different applications and for IDN Tables.
>=20
> But RFC 3066 - and you and Charter - uses a wording and you use =
examples
> (Introduction) which creates ambiguity and confusion about the =
intended
> use of the langtags. You can qualify a text with any descriptor you =
want,
> this creates no problem. You can use the langtags as a search key the =
way
> you want.
>=20
> But to document the definition of the way a text is to be processed, =
you
> need at least all the five the descriptors we described. This is not
> something you can dispute or you kill the analysis you described as =
being
> also the RFC 3066 analysis.
>=20
> If you do not provide these 5 elements, you actually imply the =
defaults
> are to be used. There is no default documented in the RFC 3066 and in =
your
> draft, except the name of the registrant/referent. He the becomes the
> default to tell what are the missing parameters. If the name is of a
> person, the opposition to that person will unnecessarily creates an
> opposition of the lingual community - even if the tag is correct. If =
the
> name is of a corporation or associated to a corporation this may be =
worse
> and detrimental to the interest of the voluntaries who carried the =
effort.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> 			 didn't think any Microsoft product dealt with "style"
> or "authority"
> 			attributes, nor in script except to the extent that is
> covered by
> 			registered RFC 3066 tags.
>=20
>=20
> 		Name the reference/authority, etc. the way you want.
> Authoritative in its domain is an usual concept in the Internet =
culture.
> You can certainly find other words. This is what says a computer that =
when
> I write in French this is not Greek, or what make you sure that when I
> write in Provencal it is not Berrichon.
>=20
> 		I gave in my response to Peer how and where the Word system
> does that.
> 		- tools - languages : language, script, country  (you can
> qualify even if you do not understand).
> 		- tools - options (preferences?) : dictionary, style (you need
> them to understand and write).
> 		Which system do you use? Does it support the same descriptors?
>=20
>=20
> This addresses an objection you made in another email, saying that =
these 5
> points were not covered by Word and that your Word 2003 was great =
because
> it did not support RFC 3066 which was not yet published. Actually, I =
do
> use Word. My copy is Word 97, and even in these ancient times, these
> points we identified/share are here. It only add the proof of the age.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> 		This being said, I understand your remark about what I name
> the multilingualization level. You say English is not defined. I =
belong to
> a culture where definition is known and supported for 4 centuries. =
This
> makes me more aware of this point. Actually English, in a way is more
> defined than French. When we introduce a computer in a culture, we do =
in a
> few months, a few years, what Richelieu and France did a long ago and
> matured over centuries: we create an "Acad=E9mie de cette Langue".
>=20
>=20
> BTW this is probably a very interesting and exciting field of work.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> 		What I object is that this Acad=E9mie may belong to anyone else
> than to the people sharing that culture. And naming is already a way =
to
> own. As long as it is to qualify the culture it is OK because there is =
a
> need. When it comes to enter in its definition this is - IMHO - an
> intrusion. And I refuse to share in that kind of intrusion.  To the
> contrary my approach is to say we are here to serve, help, educate so =
they
> can first share in this process, comment it and eventually conduct it =
for
> themselves.
>=20
>=20
> I fully understand and support (with may be some tunings, like the =
support
> of namespace related information) the Unicode CLDR project - which is =
in
> the IESG charter but not documented - I wonder why. But I would =
strongly
> object to it if it was not carried under the supervision of Members of =
the
> concerned communities. Frank hates Governments. I tend to think they =
are
> our only protectors against e-colonization. Each of us have our =
fancies.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> 		I note that three days ago this list had 2 Greek languages.
> Now 3 and probably 4. Because Greek persons stepped in and documented
> _their_ own languages. This is the way it should happen for every =
language,
> the request should come from each Internet community. This is the =
spirit
> of the text of RFC 3066. I fully understand that people may want =
urgently
> scan the cultural patrimonies of others, to sell it or to protect it =
from
> being merchandized, want to speed up the process. I do not think it is
> commercially or charity advisable to by-pass their future
> customers/friends in this process (as the reactions to the Google's
> annoucement show it). To the contrary they should help empowering the
> language and help their cultural, linguistic, political authorities
> through the registration process.
>=20
> 		For example, I fully agree with you that the name of the
> langtag registrant is not necessary. But I would suggest to remove it =
only
> when the registration is by an outsider.
>=20
>=20
> I note that if two languages are used at ISO (while UNESCO and ITU use =
6
> languages) there is probably good reasons, which may be to make sure =
that
> several and at least two cultures shared into the analysis (for =
defining
> the tag and when using it). This forces an openness of mind we often =
need.
> It means alternative thinking, searching, etc. Back-up is always a =
good
> thing. Two languages help also help the user to make sure the code she
> wants to use is the good one. Acceptance of a bilingual table will be =
far
> higher in a multilingual context than an ASCII only table.
>=20
> Coopetition tends to foster quality.
>=20
> I hope that this will eventually help.
> jfc
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D
> For your convenience:
> Draft:  http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-
> 00.txt
> Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
> gmane: http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
> If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF =
process:
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D
> Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
> what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
>  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
>  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
> entities should be and should not be on that list."
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D
> Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing =
the
> same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
> or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
> same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
> Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as =
far as
> possible, without of course using this argument to reject =
improvements."
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D
> It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978 should
> apply to languages and to ISO 693.
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 18 12:24:19 2005
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Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2005 12:21:20 -0500
From: John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
To: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] follow-up of an exchange on ietf-languages@alvestrand.no
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin scripsit:

> I have been questioned on the ietf-languages mailing list. The dialog l=
ead=20
> to a threat which belongs to this WG.=20

Since we are on the record here, it is important to clarify whether this =
was
a threat or a thread.  As a participant in both lists, I believe it was a=
 thread.

--=20
H=EDggledy-p=ECggledy / XML programmers            John Cowan
Try to escape those / I-eighteen-N woes;        http://www.ccil.org/~cowa=
n
Incontrovertibly / What we need more of is      http://www.reutershealth.=
com
Unicode weenies and / Fran=E7ois Yergeaus.        jcowan@reutershealth.co=
m

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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
To: "'Scott Hollenbeck'" <sah@428cobrajet.net>,
        "'Frank Ellermann'"
	<nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, ltru@ietf.org
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Subject: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
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Hi,

Separating references has a more important impact - it makes
clear where the main body text should have a section labelled
something like '4.2 Blazzle (Informative)', because all of the
dependencies are informative.

Also, the list of normative references should stay short!
If not, there are always ambiguities about _which_ normative
reference to believe in case of conflicts.

Cheers,
- Ira

PS - If other working group members contribute text, please
specify the references as normative or informative right then.

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
Behalf Of Scott Hollenbeck
Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 6:58 AM
To: 'Frank Ellermann'; ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: singleton


> What you IIRC really need are both "normative references" and
> "informative references", with e.g. RfC 2234 as "normative".
> Or as Scott said later RfC 2234bis, this should be ready soon,
> unless Bruce finds a problem in the 2234bis draft.  Bye, Frank

Separation of references into normative and informative subsections is
required these days.

2234bis is out:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-crocker-abnf-rfc2234bis-00.txt

-Scott-


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 18 14:18:45 2005
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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
To: <ltru@ietf.org>
References: <CFEE79A465B35C4385389BA5866BEDF00C7AC3@mailsrvnt02.enet.sharplabs.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
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Hi -

(as a technical contributor)

> From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
> To: "'Scott Hollenbeck'" <sah@428cobrajet.net>; "'Frank Ellermann'" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>; <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 10:33 AM
> Subject: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
...
> Separating references has a more important impact - it makes
> clear where the main body text should have a section labelled
> something like '4.2 Blazzle (Informative)', because all of the
> dependencies are informative.

Although I agree that informative sections of material benefit
from being clearly labeled, one cannot use the absence of
normative references in a section to characterize that section
as non-normative.

For example, a section could read:

Implementations MUST do X in situation Y.  For an explanation
of why this is required, see the analysis in section Z of
[unrelated-protocol-informative-reference].

This would be perfectly good normative material, with a perfectly
good informative reference.

> Also, the list of normative references should stay short!

If possible.

...
> PS - If other working group members contribute text, please
> specify the references as normative or informative right then.
...

Good suggestion.  Note however, that some references to a particular
specification might be informative, and others normative.  If *any* of
the references to a specification are normative, then it goes into the
normative references section.

Randy



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 18 14:34:07 2005
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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
To: "'Randy Presuhn'" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>, ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
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Hi Randy,

What I meant to say is if the section does include references
and they are all informative, then that section is most likely
informative (your example of MUST language is interesting, but
if there's no normative source, it seems questionable, unless
it's part of a whole new protocol feature).

Re whether a given reference is normative or informative, neither
the IESG standards process (nor any other I've ever seen) allows
this hair-splitting.  If ANY reference to a given source document
is Normative, then they ALL must be Normative, or hand-waving is
being used.

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
Behalf Of Randy Presuhn
Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 2:18 PM
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references


Hi -

(as a technical contributor)

> From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
> To: "'Scott Hollenbeck'" <sah@428cobrajet.net>; "'Frank Ellermann'"
<nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>; <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 10:33 AM
> Subject: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
...
> Separating references has a more important impact - it makes
> clear where the main body text should have a section labelled
> something like '4.2 Blazzle (Informative)', because all of the
> dependencies are informative.

Although I agree that informative sections of material benefit
from being clearly labeled, one cannot use the absence of
normative references in a section to characterize that section
as non-normative.

For example, a section could read:

Implementations MUST do X in situation Y.  For an explanation
of why this is required, see the analysis in section Z of
[unrelated-protocol-informative-reference].

This would be perfectly good normative material, with a perfectly
good informative reference.

> Also, the list of normative references should stay short!

If possible.

...
> PS - If other working group members contribute text, please
> specify the references as normative or informative right then.
...

Good suggestion.  Note however, that some references to a particular
specification might be informative, and others normative.  If *any* of
the references to a specification are normative, then it goes into the
normative references section.

Randy



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 18 14:52:58 2005
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Hi -

> From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
> To: "'Randy Presuhn'" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>; <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 11:33 AM
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
...
> What I meant to say is if the section does include references
> and they are all informative, then that section is most likely
> informative (your example of MUST language is interesting, but
> if there's no normative source, it seems questionable, unless
> it's part of a whole new protocol feature).

That's precisely the point.  Context, along with the nature of the
cited material, determines whether a given citation of a
reference is normative or not.

> Re whether a given reference is normative or informative, neither
> the IESG standards process (nor any other I've ever seen) allows
> this hair-splitting.  If ANY reference to a given source document
> is Normative, then they ALL must be Normative, or hand-waving is
> being used.
...

Refutation by counter-example, at risk of spinning wildly off-topic for this list:

Take a look at RFC 3417 section 5.3.3:

   An NBP name to DDP address mapping can also be confirmed implicitly
   using only SNMP transactions.  For example, an SNMP entity supporting
   command generator applications issuing a retrieval operation could
   also retrieve the relevant objects from the NBP group [RFC1742] for
   the SNMP entity supporting the command responder application.  This
   information can then be correlated with the source DDP address of the
   response.

This is an *informative* citation, since it is used only as an example of
how to do something, even though it's in the midst of normative material.
If, elsewhere in the document, there were a normative citation, saying
that for some other operation on MUST access the NBP group, this
particular citation would still be informative, even though the reference
itself would have to be listed as normative.

"For example" means just that, even if the citation is of material that
appears in a document listed (for other reasons) among the normative
references.

Randy



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I have split the references into informative and normative.

I have eliminated the following dead references:

RFC 1327
RFC 1521
RFC 3639
RFC 2616 (is cited by the matching draft)
RFC 2396

The informative references consist of two items:

ISO 639 Principles (referenced in a note in section 2.2.1)
RFC 2231 (MIME parameter values, cited as an example in Section 2.1.1)


The normative references consist of:

ISO 639-1:2002
ISO 639-2:1998
ISO 15924:2003
ISO 3166:1988
UN M.49
RFC 1766 (mostly for historical reasons, could be informative)
RFC 2026 (obviously)
RFC 2028 (organizations involved in ietf process)
RFC 2119 (normative language)
RFC 2234 (ABNF)
RFC 2434 (writing IANA considerations sections)
RFC 2860 (defined IANA)
RFC 3066 (obviously)
RFC 3339 (defines ISO 8601 and the date format used in the registry)


Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Randy Presuhn
> Sent: vendredi 18 mars 2005 11:18
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
>=20
> Hi -
>=20
> (as a technical contributor)
>=20
> > From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
> > To: "'Scott Hollenbeck'" <sah@428cobrajet.net>; "'Frank Ellermann'"
> <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>; <ltru@ietf.org>
> > Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 10:33 AM
> > Subject: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
> ...
> > Separating references has a more important impact - it makes
> > clear where the main body text should have a section labelled
> > something like '4.2 Blazzle (Informative)', because all of the
> > dependencies are informative.
>=20
> Although I agree that informative sections of material benefit
> from being clearly labeled, one cannot use the absence of
> normative references in a section to characterize that section
> as non-normative.
>=20
> For example, a section could read:
>=20
> Implementations MUST do X in situation Y.  For an explanation
> of why this is required, see the analysis in section Z of
> [unrelated-protocol-informative-reference].
>=20
> This would be perfectly good normative material, with a perfectly
> good informative reference.
>=20
> > Also, the list of normative references should stay short!
>=20
> If possible.
>=20
> ...
> > PS - If other working group members contribute text, please
> > specify the references as normative or informative right then.
> ...
>=20
> Good suggestion.  Note however, that some references to a particular
> specification might be informative, and others normative.  If *any* of
> the references to a specification are normative, then it goes into the
> normative references section.
>=20
> Randy
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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To: Addison Phillips <addison.phillips@quest.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
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Addison Phillips scripsit:

> The normative references consist of:
> 
> RFC 1766 (mostly for historical reasons, could be informative)
> RFC 3066 (obviously)

These should be informative, not normative.  Making them normative implies
that you can't understand the new document without referring to them,
which is untrue.

-- 
Samuel Johnson on playing the violin:           John Cowan
"Difficult do you call it, Sir?                 jcowan@reutershealth.com
 I wish it were impossible."                    http://www.ccil.org/~cowan

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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2005 12:20:30 -0800
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Agreed and done.

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Cowan [mailto:jcowan@reutershealth.com]
> Sent: vendredi 18 mars 2005 12:20
> To: Addison Phillips
> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
>=20
> Addison Phillips scripsit:
>=20
> > The normative references consist of:
> >
> > RFC 1766 (mostly for historical reasons, could be informative)
> > RFC 3066 (obviously)
>=20
> These should be informative, not normative.  Making them normative =
implies
> that you can't understand the new document without referring to them,
> which is untrue.
>=20
> --
> Samuel Johnson on playing the violin:           John Cowan
> "Difficult do you call it, Sir?                 =
jcowan@reutershealth.com
>  I wish it were impossible."                    =
http://www.ccil.org/~cowan


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 18 15:53:16 2005
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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
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Hi -

(as technical contributor)

> From: "John Cowan" <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
> To: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
> Cc: <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 12:19 PM
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
>

> Addison Phillips scripsit:
>
> > The normative references consist of:
> >
> > RFC 1766 (mostly for historical reasons, could be informative)
> > RFC 3066 (obviously)
>
> These should be informative, not normative.  Making them normative implies
> that you can't understand the new document without referring to them,
> which is untrue.
...

Agreed.   The references to both are informative.  The passages where the
string "3066" occurs that seem to have the most normative weight refer to
the registrations that have happened under that regime, rather than the
document itself.

Randy



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 18 17:07:17 2005
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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
To: "'Addison Phillips'" <addison.phillips@quest.com>,
        Randy Presuhn
	<randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>, ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
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Hi,

I would suggest that you add to your 'Security Considerations'
section an informative reference to RFC 3552 / BCP 72 
"Guidelines for Writing RFC Text on Security Considerations".

So revise text from:

The evaluation of the exact magnitude of the threat, and any possible
countermeasures, is left to each application protocol.

to:

The evaluation of the exact magnitude of the threat, and any possible
countermeasures, is left to each application protocol (see [RFC3552]
for best practice guidance on security threats and defenses).

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
Behalf Of Addison Phillips
Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 2:57 PM
To: Randy Presuhn; ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references


I have split the references into informative and normative.

I have eliminated the following dead references:

RFC 1327
RFC 1521
RFC 3639
RFC 2616 (is cited by the matching draft)
RFC 2396

The informative references consist of two items:

ISO 639 Principles (referenced in a note in section 2.2.1)
RFC 2231 (MIME parameter values, cited as an example in Section 2.1.1)


The normative references consist of:

ISO 639-1:2002
ISO 639-2:1998
ISO 15924:2003
ISO 3166:1988
UN M.49
RFC 1766 (mostly for historical reasons, could be informative)
RFC 2026 (obviously)
RFC 2028 (organizations involved in ietf process)
RFC 2119 (normative language)
RFC 2234 (ABNF)
RFC 2434 (writing IANA considerations sections)
RFC 2860 (defined IANA)
RFC 3066 (obviously)
RFC 3339 (defines ISO 8601 and the date format used in the registry)


Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Randy Presuhn
> Sent: vendredi 18 mars 2005 11:18
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
> 
> Hi -
> 
> (as a technical contributor)
> 
> > From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
> > To: "'Scott Hollenbeck'" <sah@428cobrajet.net>; "'Frank Ellermann'"
> <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>; <ltru@ietf.org>
> > Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 10:33 AM
> > Subject: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
> ...
> > Separating references has a more important impact - it makes
> > clear where the main body text should have a section labelled
> > something like '4.2 Blazzle (Informative)', because all of the
> > dependencies are informative.
> 
> Although I agree that informative sections of material benefit
> from being clearly labeled, one cannot use the absence of
> normative references in a section to characterize that section
> as non-normative.
> 
> For example, a section could read:
> 
> Implementations MUST do X in situation Y.  For an explanation
> of why this is required, see the analysis in section Z of
> [unrelated-protocol-informative-reference].
> 
> This would be perfectly good normative material, with a perfectly
> good informative reference.
> 
> > Also, the list of normative references should stay short!
> 
> If possible.
> 
> ...
> > PS - If other working group members contribute text, please
> > specify the references as normative or informative right then.
> ...
> 
> Good suggestion.  Note however, that some references to a particular
> specification might be informative, and others normative.  If *any* of
> the references to a specification are normative, then it goes into the
> normative references section.
> 
> Randy
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 18 17:53:42 2005
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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
References: <20050314001938.PAYD5424.mta6.adelphia.net@megatron.ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Registry homepage (was: "Obsolete" region subtags)
Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2005 14:53:22 -0800
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Hi -

(Co-chair hat mostly on)

> Return-Path: <jefsey@jefsey.com>
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> Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2005 12:13:50 +0100
> To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
> From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Registry homepage (was: "Obsolete" region subtags)
> Cc: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@lists.ietf.orgxxx>

PLEASE don't CC people when you know they are subscribed to the WG
mailing list.  We get too much email as it is.  This comment is directed at
*several* active participants on this list, not just JFC.

...
> Dont' you agree that our job is to discuss an answer to a charter which
> only assigns us to define the "structure of the IANA registry"? An
> XML/ASN.1 structure.

No.  This is not the time to discuss changes to the charter.
After the WG has completed its work, we can go into the
re-charter / shutdown discussion.

> When IESG does that it is because they want to be very restrictive or not
> to limit the scope of the debate.

The latter has never been my experience in the IETF.
The latter interpretation might be more defensible in the IRTF,
but this is not the IRTF.

> My reading is the second one due to the
> charter last paragraph which implies that we have to revamp of the review
> process.

I do not follow your reasoning.  Are we reading the same document?
The last paragraph of the charter states:

| This working group will not take over the existing review function of
| the ietf-languages list. The ietf-languages list will continue to
| review tags according to RFC 3066 until the first document produced by
| the WG is approved by the IESG for publication as an RFC. Then it will
| review according to whatever procedures the first document specifies.

This paragraph limits the scope of the WG's activity and discussion.  I do
not see how it can be interpreted as supporting the claim that the IESG did
not want to limit the scope of the debate.

> Many other important questions are not listed.

Of course.  Many important issues are out of scope for this WG.
E.g.: Why did my forsythias bloom so late this year, while my apple
trees bloomed early?

> How to define the technical role of the IANA in area?

As others have explained, IANA does the clerical work.

> Will it be a repository, a  clearinghouse, a registry.

This working group is called "Language Tag Registry Update",
so I guess "registry" would be a safe bet.  :-)

> Will it act as only a web pages, as a
> "whatidiom" web service, as an FTP server?

Out of scope.

> How is it to be organized? What
> is the contingency plan if it changes (this has to do with the adressing of
> the bases which can be hard coded in millions of programs), the NIC changed
> a few time since it was created. etc.

Although this is out of scope, you might benefit from reading
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-grow-embed-addr-05.txt

> The first question to consider is what is this structure in that registry
> going to do for who. There are three classes of people involved:
>
> - those who manage the structure - IANA with an important backlog (if Frank
> is correct): question is why? How can our solution help? And there are many
> technical solutions to that I am surprised no one considers.

Out of scope.

> - those who fill the data into the structure (among who is Frank, with
> seemingly some feelings and misunderstandings). It is important to
> determine the procedure, the guidance, etc. soi they feel at ease and
> motivated. Some are voluntaries, some are employees of organizations with
> social, cultural, religious or commercial interests, some are civil
> servants. Some are linguists, some are network people. We need to keep a
> balance in the best common interest. Frank is in that sense a good
> representative of possible feelings (good or bad) we must take into
> account.

The *procedures* for registration are at the heart of our charter.
Although the usability of the procedures we define is important to
consider, the mix of people who ultimately make use of the procedures
is not our concern.  The experience of those who have used the existing
procedures should be our guide here, in my opinion.

> Another aspect is the role of the ietf-language list and of its
> procedures which is depend on all of this.

The charter is crystal clear:

| The ietf-languages list will continue to
| review tags according to RFC 3066 until the first document produced by
| the WG is approved by the IESG for publication as an RFC. Then it will
| review according to whatever procedures the first document specifies.

> - those who will use it. I represent some of them.

Participation in the IETF is by *individuals*, not representatives.

> All together we need something which will work.

Agreed.

> jfc
>
>
> =====================================================
> For your convenience:
...

Annoyingly long signature deleted.

Randy



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 18 18:04:44 2005
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2005 15:02:51 -0800
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Hi -

> From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
> To: "'Addison Phillips'" <addison.phillips@quest.com>; "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>; <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 2:06 PM
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
>

> Hi,
>
> I would suggest that you add to your 'Security Considerations'
> section an informative reference to RFC 3552 / BCP 72
> "Guidelines for Writing RFC Text on Security Considerations".
>
> So revise text from:
>
> The evaluation of the exact magnitude of the threat, and any possible
> countermeasures, is left to each application protocol.
>
> to:
>
> The evaluation of the exact magnitude of the threat, and any possible
> countermeasures, is left to each application protocol (see [RFC3552]
> for best practice guidance on security threats and defenses).
...

As a technical contributor, I'd suggest making the citation in terms of
the BCP number.  Thus:

| The evaluation of the exact magnitude of the threat, and any possible
| countermeasures, is left to each application protocol (see BCP 72,
| RFC 3552 [RFC3552] for best current practice guidance on security
| threats and defenses).

The motivation behind BCP and STD numbers is twofold: to be able to
refer to multi-document sets, and, important in this case, to refer to
whatever RFC(s) hold the current version of a specification.

Randy



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 18 18:13:59 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2005 15:13:06 -0800
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: <ltru@ietf.org>
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I changed the text as noted below (including the BCP number).
=20
Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Randy Presuhn
> Sent: vendredi 18 mars 2005 15:03
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
>=20
> Hi -
>=20
> > From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
> > To: "'Addison Phillips'" <addison.phillips@quest.com>; "Randy =
Presuhn"
> <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>; <ltru@ietf.org>
> > Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 2:06 PM
> > Subject: RE: [Ltru] Normative vs Informative references
> >
>=20
> > Hi,
> >
> > I would suggest that you add to your 'Security Considerations'
> > section an informative reference to RFC 3552 / BCP 72
> > "Guidelines for Writing RFC Text on Security Considerations".
> >
> > So revise text from:
> >
> > The evaluation of the exact magnitude of the threat, and any =
possible
> > countermeasures, is left to each application protocol.
> >
> > to:
> >
> > The evaluation of the exact magnitude of the threat, and any =
possible
> > countermeasures, is left to each application protocol (see [RFC3552]
> > for best practice guidance on security threats and defenses).
> ...
>=20
> As a technical contributor, I'd suggest making the citation in terms =
of
> the BCP number.  Thus:
>=20
> | The evaluation of the exact magnitude of the threat, and any =
possible
> | countermeasures, is left to each application protocol (see BCP 72,
> | RFC 3552 [RFC3552] for best current practice guidance on security
> | threats and defenses).
>=20
> The motivation behind BCP and STD numbers is twofold: to be able to
> refer to multi-document sets, and, important in this case, to refer to
> whatever RFC(s) hold the current version of a specification.
>=20
> Randy
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Addison Phillips wrote:
 
> The normative references consist of:
 
[...]
> ISO 3166:1988

I'd prefer a newer edition, maybe we want 3166-3 later as a
source for canonical values where UN M.49 doesn't help (like
DDDE, YDYE, etc.)  And their public Web site corresponds to
their 5th edition.

> RFC 1766 (mostly for historical reasons, could be
> informative)

Yes, informative, maybe the same for RfC 3066 as John said.
As long as you stick to "obsoletes 3066" that's no problem.

> RFC 2860 (defined IANA)

That's an informational RfC with the MoU between the IETF and
ICANN about IANA, not what I'd consider as "normative".  Your
BCP 11 (RfC 2028) reference is IMHO good enough to define IANA,
if you replace IANA [17] => 2860 by IANA [10] => BCP 11 in 2.2.

                            Bye, Frank



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 18 21:01:40 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Normative vs Informative references
Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2005 18:01:01 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Normative vs Informative references
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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If we end up wanting ISO 3166-3, we should have a separate reference to =
that part.=20

I see that there is an ISO 3166-1:1997. I'll update the reference to use =
that (which appears to be most recent).

The RFC 2860 reference I inherited, I think. I only glanced at the text =
where it is referenced to see if it "looked normative". Your suggestion =
sounds like a better choice.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> Sent: vendredi 18 mars 2005 17:50
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: Normative vs Informative references
>=20
> Addison Phillips wrote:
>=20
> > The normative references consist of:
>=20
> [...]
> > ISO 3166:1988
>=20
> I'd prefer a newer edition, maybe we want 3166-3 later as a
> source for canonical values where UN M.49 doesn't help (like
> DDDE, YDYE, etc.)  And their public Web site corresponds to
> their 5th edition.
>=20
> > RFC 1766 (mostly for historical reasons, could be
> > informative)
>=20
> Yes, informative, maybe the same for RfC 3066 as John said.
> As long as you stick to "obsoletes 3066" that's no problem.
>=20
> > RFC 2860 (defined IANA)
>=20
> That's an informational RfC with the MoU between the IETF and
> ICANN about IANA, not what I'd consider as "normative".  Your
> BCP 11 (RfC 2028) reference is IMHO good enough to define IANA,
> if you replace IANA [17] =3D> 2860 by IANA [10] =3D> BCP 11 in 2.2.
>=20
>                             Bye, Frank
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Normative vs Informative references
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Hi -

As a contributor...

> From: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
> To: <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Friday, March 18, 2005 5:50 PM
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: Normative vs Informative references
...
> > RFC 2860 (defined IANA)
>
> That's an informational RfC with the MoU between the IETF and
> ICANN about IANA, not what I'd consider as "normative".  Your
> BCP 11 (RfC 2028) reference is IMHO good enough to define IANA,
> if you replace IANA [17] => 2860 by IANA [10] => BCP 11 in 2.2.
...

We don't need to say very much *about* IANA.  It's understood to the
point of being one of those few well-known acronyms (like IP) that don't
need to be expanded on first use.  After all, an "IANA Considerations"
section is required for any internet draft needing IESG approval
to become an RFC.  For details, see http://www.ietf.org/ID-Checklist.html
section 2.2 (7).

Randy



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Mar 19 01:24:44 2005
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Randy Presuhn wrote:
 
> We don't need to say very much *about* IANA.

Sure, but IFF we'd want it, then BCP 11 already used elsewhere
as reference also explains IANA and IESG.  I've checked what
similar BCPs do (charsets, headers, URNs), most mention 2026,
one mentions 2028, none has 2860.

> It's understood to the point of being one of those few
> well-known acronyms (like IP) that don't need to be expanded
> on first use.

We should create en-Latn-US-ietf as show case.  Of course it's
fine to say IANA without reference.  Only IANA [17] could be a
trap if the IANA MoU in [17] is "normative" and modified later.

> an "IANA Considerations" section is required

And IANA probably knows what it is without a normative 2860 ;-)

                        Bye, Frank



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Subject: [Ltru] Preparations for smart matching
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Hi, so far en-Latn-US-boont not matching en-boont is one of my
standard examples why I have a problem with 3066bis as it is.

This could be solved later by a smarter matching strategy.  Or
by subtags used in the order of their importance, something
like en-boont-Latn-US would match en-boont with the normal RTL
strategy.

But it would require complex restrictions allowing to identify
the class of some subtags independent of their position.  Most
probably that was discussed years ago before the first of the
old drafts, and it simply doesn't work.

So the last chance is smart matching.  To be smart the matching
algorithm needs some input.  For variants this input could be
the corresponding default language.   If boont has a pointer to
en, or if 1996 has a pointer to de, a smart matching algorithm
could identify fr-1996 or sl-boont as "garbage" and stop any
attempt to be smart.

For laguages the registry could list a default script, with a
"SHOULD NOT be used" somewhere in the draft.  For de / en / fr
that would be Latn, and the SHOULD NOT then reduces a dubious
en-Latn-boont to en-boont.  Or a de-Latn-1996 to de-1996.

The smart matching algorithm knows this and reduces all kinds
of en-Latn-* to en-* in a second matching attempt.  It also
knows that the US in any en-US-* is "only" a region code, so
it could start a third pass with en-*.  The longest match after
up to three attempts (default script removed, region removed)
wins.  Then en-Latn-US-boont finally matches en-boont.

And it would not match en-other-boont or en-other-US-boont with
en-boont.  For de-Latn-*-boont-* it would give up after the
reduction to de-boont-* shows that it's not a known en-boont-*.

So de-Latn-US-boot won't match de-boont, because boont is only
registered for use with en.  Does that make any sense ?  If yes
we need optional default scripts for languages, and maybe also
default languages for all variants in the registry.  Bye, Frank



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

> Hi, so far en-Latn-US-boont not matching en-boont is one of my
> standard examples why I have a problem with 3066bis as it is.
>
> This could be solved later by a smarter matching strategy.  Or
> by subtags used in the order of their importance, something
> like en-boont-Latn-US would match en-boont with the normal RTL
> strategy.

Have you read the new draft on "Matching Language Identifiers"?  It
explains that the "default" matching algorithm is not the only
possibility.

> But it would require complex restrictions allowing to identify
> the class of some subtags independent of their position.  Most
> probably that was discussed years ago before the first of the
> old drafts, and it simply doesn't work.

This is not correct.  First, the registry draft sets out specific rules
for the position and length of subtags, for the exact reason you state:
so that parsers can identify the pieces algorithmically.  It does work,
and it's not all that complex.

For instance, given a fictitious tag
"pu-rud-Blaz-FU-scrog-f-vlad-x-druz", I can tell you exactly what each
of the subtags "means" (that is, its "class"), even though none of them
is assigned in the registry.  The tag is well-formed but not valid.  I
can also tell you that the tags "a1" and "en-US-Fullerton" and
"zh-CN-Hant" and "de-a-b-frank" are not valid, because one or more of
the subtags breaks the rules or because something is wrong with the
order or other syntax of the tag.

Try it yourself.  Send me any tag and I will tell you whether it's
valid, well-formed, or neither.  I promise to do it visually first,
before running it through the validating parser I wrote for this
purpose.  :-)

> So the last chance is smart matching.  To be smart the matching
> algorithm needs some input.  For variants this input could be
> the corresponding default language.   If boont has a pointer to
> en, or if 1996 has a pointer to de, a smart matching algorithm
> could identify fr-1996 or sl-boont as "garbage" and stop any
> attempt to be smart.

Variant subtags already have a "recommended prefix," which is not
restricted to language alone, although all the entries in the draft
registry happen to be primary languages.  Take a look at the entry for
'boont':

variant | boont | Boontling | 2003-02-14 | | en

The "en" at the end is the recommended prefix.  This tells a process
that "en-boont" is an example of using 'boont' for its intended purpose,
while "sl-boont" is an example of abusing it.  The registry draft allows
you to write "sl-boont" but warns that "this is probably a poor choice"
(Section 3.3).

(N.B.  Note the difference between "registry draft" and "draft
registry."  We need better terminology for this, don't we?)

> For laguages the registry could list a default script, with a
> "SHOULD NOT be used" somewhere in the draft.  For de / en / fr
> that would be Latn, and the SHOULD NOT then reduces a dubious
> en-Latn-boont to en-boont.  Or a de-Latn-1996 to de-1996.

This is a more slippery slope, as I mentioned in my response on
ietf-languages.  Section 2.3 of the registry draft says:

"Avoid using subtags that are not important for distinguishing content
in an application. For example, including the script subtag in
"en-Latn-US" is generally unnecessary, since nearly all English texts
are written in the Latin script and it is generally not important to
filter out those few that are not."

This leaves it up to the generator to decide when a script tag is
necessary and when it is not.  This is a good thing.  People and
processes should tag content wisely.

> The smart matching algorithm knows this and reduces all kinds
> of en-Latn-* to en-* in a second matching attempt.  It also
> knows that the US in any en-US-* is "only" a region code, so
> it could start a third pass with en-*.  The longest match after
> up to three attempts (default script removed, region removed)
> wins.  Then en-Latn-US-boont finally matches en-boont.

I claim, as I think you are doing here, that a fully RFC 3066bis-aware
matching algorithm should be able to take apart the entire tag (using
the rules explained above, which again are not all that complex) and
perform matching based on the pieces.  Thus if you want to match
"en-Latn-US-boont" with "en-boont", it is enough to disassemble both
tags and observe that all the subtags in the second tag are also present
in the first.  If this is what you call a "match," then you have found
one.  Other needs might call for different kinds of "matching," and the
matching draft accounts for this.

> And it would not match en-other-boont or en-other-US-boont with
> en-boont.

I don't see why not.  Nothing in the registry definition of 'boont'
defines it as being specifically Latn or specifically US, although
historically that is what Boontling was.  If "en-Latn-US-boont" is a
match for "en-boont", then so is "en-Ogam-MV-boont".

> For de-Latn-*-boont-* it would give up after the
> reduction to de-boont-* shows that it's not a known en-boont-*.

Likewise, even though "de-*-boont" is silly, matching does not depend on
considerations of silliness.  John Cowan likes to point out that "nv-DK"
is silly but perfectly valid.  The same applies to combinations like the
one you are describing.

> So de-Latn-US-boot won't match de-boont, because boont is only
> registered for use with en.  Does that make any sense ?  If yes
> we need optional default scripts for languages, and maybe also
> default languages for all variants in the registry.

As stated, we already have recommended prefixes for variants, but they
are not normative.  And the project of determining default scripts for
*all* languages (not just the 80% or 90% for which this task is easy) is
not something that anyone on this list, or perhaps anywhere else, is
qualified to tackle.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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To: Frank Ellermann <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Preparations for smart matching
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Frank Ellermann scripsit:

> Hi, so far en-Latn-US-boont not matching en-boont is one of my
> standard examples why I have a problem with 3066bis as it is.

The real trouble is with en-boont, which is not even remotely mutually
intelligible with other kinds of en; it really isn't a "variety" in the
usual sense.  In an RFC 3066bis regime, I would probably press for it
to be registered as simply boont.

(This particular argument probably makes more sense for en, which is
not really a very variable language as languages go.)

> But it would require complex restrictions allowing to identify
> the class of some subtags independent of their position.  Most
> probably that was discussed years ago before the first of the
> old drafts, and it simply doesn't work.

In fact it does work, provided that the algorithm keeps around a short list
of exceptions (much less than the whole registry).  Other than the
exceptions, one can identify a tag's class knowing only if it is initial
or non-initial, thus:

	2-letter initial:  ISO 639-1 language
	3-letter initial:  ISO 639-2 language, may also be an
		ISO 639-3 language in RFC 3066ter
	5-or-more-letters initial:  currently not allowed, will be a language
		in RFC 3066bis
	2-letter non-initial: ISO 3166-1 country
	3-letter non-initial: currently not allowed, will be an ISO 639-3
		language in RFC 3066ter
	4-letter non-initial: ISO 15924 script
	3-digit non-initial: UN M.49 country
	anything else non-initial: variety

Note that ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 language codes are compatible, so one does
not need to determine (in an RFC 3066ter regime) which is which.

> So the last chance is smart matching.  

I think it will be straightforward to design an algorithm that does
matching on the above facts, without having to worry about
what-goes-with-what rules.  (Indeed, if another language turned out
to have reformed its spelling in 1996, it would make sense to reuse
the variety tag "1996" for it.)

-- 
John Cowan    http://www.ccil.org/~cowan   <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
    "Any legal document draws most of its meaning from context.  A telegram
    that says 'SELL HUNDRED THOUSAND SHARES IBM SHORT' (only 190 bits in
    5-bit Baudot code plus appropriate headers) is as good a legal document
    as any, even sans digital signature." --me

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To: Frank Ellermann <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Preparations for smart matching
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Scripsi:

> In fact it does work, provided that the algorithm keeps around a short list
> of exceptions (much less than the whole registry).  Other than the
> exceptions, one can identify a tag's class knowing only if it is initial
> or non-initial, thus:

I meant to add here that we do not need to match language-ranges lacking
an initial subtag; a range like *-Latn wouldn't represent any Real
World requirement.

-- 
But that, he realized, was a foolish            John Cowan
thought; as no one knew better than he          jcowan@reutershealth.com
that the Wall had no other side.                http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
        --Arthur C. Clarke, "The Wall of Darkness"

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From: "Jon Hanna" <jon@hackcraft.net>
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Preparations for smart matching
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> I meant to add here that we do not need to match 
> language-ranges lacking
> an initial subtag; a range like *-Latn wouldn't represent any Real
> World requirement.

There are no real world systems capable of dealing with Latin text in any
language but not with all scripts?

Regards,
Jon Hanna
Work: <http://www.selkieweb.com/>
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Chat: <irc://irc.freenode.net/selkie> 


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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Hi -

> From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
> To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Saturday, March 19, 2005 9:59 AM
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
...
> Have you read the new draft on "Matching Language Identifiers"?  It
> explains that the "default" matching algorithm is not the only
> possibility.
...

Has the i-d been posted?

Randy



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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Preparations for smart matching
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Jon Hanna scripsit:

> There are no real world systems capable of dealing with Latin text in any
> language but not with all scripts?

Fonts, maybe, but fonts don't care about language one way or another.
The Latn subset used by en-Latn isn't the one used by ie-Latn, e.g.

-- 
What asininity could I have uttered     John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
that they applaud me thus?              http://www.reutershealth.com
        --Phocion, Greek orator         http://www.ccil.org/~cowan

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Randy Presuhn <randy underscore presuhn at mindspring dot com>  wrote:

>> Have you read the new draft on "Matching Language Identifiers"?  It
>> explains that the "default" matching algorithm is not the only
>> possibility.
> ...
>
> Has the i-d been posted?

No, sorry.  My mistake.  There is a document at
http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-00.html, but as
such it is completely unofficial.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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On 17:42 18/03/2005, Addison Phillips said:
> > But I need
> > first to review the draft (I said I will do it early next week).
>
>You send us all this without having actually read the draft?

I do not understand how I must take this?

If you read me, you know I am only interested in correcting the flaws of 
RFC 3066 your new use will highlight. I trust you for your own needs. I 
wish I could only have to go into detail into your final draft to make sure 
all what would harm us/others has been removed.

jfc

======================================================
Standardizing Tags for the Identification of Languages should not be a way
to standardize languages and to unify the world under a dominant culture.
======================================================
For your convenience:
RFC 3066: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt?number=3066
Draft: 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
======================================================
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
======================================================
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far as
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
======================================================
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978, should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
======================================================


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Hi -

(Co-chair hat ON)

> From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
> To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Saturday, March 19, 2005 12:28 PM
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] follow-up of an exchange on ietf-languages@alvestrand.no
>

> On 17:42 18/03/2005, Addison Phillips said:
> > > But I need
> > > first to review the draft (I said I will do it early next week).
> >
> >You send us all this without having actually read the draft?
>
> I do not understand how I must take this?

IETF working group participants are strongly encouraged to read and
comment on the working group's drafts.  Making comments without
having read the document under discussion is likely to waste time and
energy.  All should take to heart advice in section 5.3 of the Tao update
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt

   The most important thing that everyone (newcomers and seasoned
   experts) should do before coming to a face-to-face meeting is to read
   the Internet Drafts and RFCs beforehand.  WG meetings are explicitly
   not for education:  they are for developing the group's documents.
   Even if you do not plan to say anything in the meeting, you should
   read the group's documents before attending so you can understand
   what is being said.

This isn't just true of face-to-face meetings; it's true of WG mailing list
discussions as well.  Prefacing a statement with "I haven't read the drafts,
but..." is a sure-fire way to ensure that anything you write will be taken
cum grano salis, if not ignored.

> If you read me, you know I am only interested in correcting the flaws of
> RFC 3066 your new use will highlight. I trust you for your own needs. I
> wish I could only have to go into detail into your final draft to make sure
> all what would harm us/others has been removed.
...

Waiting until last call to make comments is a good way to ensure that your
comments are not addressed in the way you might like, particularly if they
are at odds with the WG consensus in place at that time.

So, and this goes for everyone, READ THE DRAFT!   If there is material
that you think needs to be added: please send suggested text.  If there is
material that you think needs to be deleted: identify the specific passages.
If there is material that you think needs to be modified: please identify the
text to be changed, and supply suggested replacement material for discussion.
The time for discussing change proposals  is NOW.

(Co-chair hat OFF)

Not ltru-specific, but of general interest to IETF WG participants:

A quick read that some participants on this list might find helpful is
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-eastlake-prominence-02.txt
There's a lot of sound advice there, even for those not interested
in prominence.  Its author is looking for feedback, especially from
those with experience outside the IETF.

Randy



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Sat, 19 Mar 2005 14:02:39 -0800
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Subject: [Ltru] Populating the initial registry: Languages
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Here is my first attempt to describe the process for populating the
draft registry with initial records.  This first installment deals only
with the language records.  Subsequent parts will deal with records for
other types of subtags.

When commenting on this description, please make it clear whether you
are commenting on (a) the accuracy and completeness of the description
itself or (b) whether you think the end results should be different.
These are both good topics for discussion, but they should not be
confused for one another.

All records are assumed to follow the format described in Section 3.1.
Date fields should be set to the date of creation of the record unless
otherwise noted (there are no exceptions in this installment).  The date
record itself is trivial and is not discussed here.  All descriptions
are taken from the English name in the relevant standard, and are
converted to ASCII by removing diacritical marks.


Step 1:  Current ISO 639 codes

* Source:
http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/ISO-639-2_values_8bits.txt
* Format is vertical-bar-delimited text.
* Fields are (1) alpha-3 bibliographic code, (2) alpha-3 terminologic
code (if different from bibliographic), (3) alpha-2 code (if any), (4)
English name, (5) French name.
* For each entry, create a new language subtag, except for the entry
with English name "Reserved for local use" which is handled specially as
described in Step 3.
* If the entry has an alpha-2 code (field 3), use it for the subtag;
else use the alpha-3 terminologic code (field 2).

Step 2:  Deprecated ISO 639 codes

* Source: http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/codechanges.html
* Format is HTML table.
* Fields are (1) alpha-2 code (if any), (2) unified alpha-3 code, (3)
English name, (4) French name, (5) date of change, (6) type of change,
(7) notes.  Asterisks, hyphens, and other detritus in fields are
ignored.
* Read list from bottom to top.
* For each entry of type "Add", confirm that a corresponding registry
entry exists.  (I think there is one language missing from the text file
that is present on the change page; confirmation would be welcome.)
* For each entry of type "CC" followed (or preceded) by a corresponding
entry of type "Dep" (deprecated), confirm that a registry entry already
exists for the "CC" entry.  Create a new registry entry corresponding to
the "Dep" entry, and assign a canonical value equivalent to the code in
the "CC" entry.
* For each entry of type "Dep" that does not have a corresponding "CC"
entry, create a new registry entry, and assign a canonical value of "--"
(two dashes).
* For each entry of type "NC" (name change) or "NA" (variant name(s)
added), confirm that the description of the subtag matches the "new"
English name (converted to ASCII).

Step 3:  Private-use codes

* ISO 639 codes in the range "qaa" through "qtz" are for private use.
Create a single language subtag entry with value "qaa..qtz" and
description "PRIVATE USE" (all caps).

Step 4:  Sorting (optional)

* Separate the records with 2-letter subtags from those with 3-letter
subtags.  Include "qaa..qtz" with the 3-letter records.
* Sort each group in ascending order by subtag.


-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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John Cowan <jcowan at reutershealth dot com> wrote:

> In fact it does work, provided that the algorithm keeps around a short
> list of exceptions (much less than the whole registry).  Other than
> the exceptions, one can identify a tag's class knowing only if it is
> initial or non-initial, thus:
> ...
> anything else non-initial: variety

Additionally, the singleton 'x' introduces a sequence of one or more
private-use subtags until the end of the tag, while singletons other
than 'x' introduce a sequence of one or more extension subtags until the
next singleton.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: follow-up of an exchange on ietf-languages@alvestrand.no
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

> The ietf-languages mailing list is not the IANA list presented in the
> RFC 3066.

John Cowan explained on January 17 that the address
ietf-languages@alvestrand.no points to the same mailing list as the one
referenced in RFC 3066, ietf-languages@iana.org.  They are the same
list.  Some participants post to the alvestrand.no address, others to
the iana.org address.  It makes no difference.

Furthermore, the list is included on the page "IETF Non-WG Mailing
Lists" located at https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/nwg_list.cgi.
This page, in its own words, "attempts to list all the active, publicly
visible lists that are considered to be related to the IETF, but are not
the main list of any working group."  Clearly the IETF considers
ietf-languages to be a legitimate, IETF-related discussion list.  I
don't know what IANA thinks of it.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Populating the initial registry: Languages
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First corrections:

> Step 1:  Current ISO 639 codes
> ...
> * If the entry has an alpha-2 code (field 3), use it for the subtag;
> else use the alpha-3 terminologic code (field 2).

Should be:

* If the entry has an alpha-2 code (field 3), use it for the subtag;
else if the entry has an alpha-3 terminologic code (field 2), use that;
else use the alpha-3 bibliographic code (field 1).

With the current ISO 639 list, the first "else" will always fall through
to the second, because there are no codes with different T and B codes
that do not also have an alpha-2 code.  If we assume this situation will
continue to hold true, this step can be collapsed to:

* If the entry has an alpha-2 code (field 3), use it for the subtag;
else use the alpha-3 bibliographic code (field 1).

although that is technically not the same as the rule in Section 2.2.1.

> Step 2:  Deprecated ISO 639 codes
> ...
> * Fields are (1) alpha-2 code (if any), (2) unified alpha-3 code, (3)
> English name, (4) French name, (5) date of change, (6) type of change,
> (7) notes.  Asterisks, hyphens, and other detritus in fields are
> ignored.

Asterisks and hyphens are ignored only in the code fields, not in the
name field.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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At 23:32 19/03/2005, Doug Ewell wrote:
>JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:
>
> > The ietf-languages mailing list is not the IANA list presented in the
> > RFC 3066.
>   I don't know what IANA thinks of it.

So, I see we agree.
Keep cool: no one knows.
jfc



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To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>,
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From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] follow-up of an exchange on ietf-languages@alvestrand.no
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At 22:10 19/03/2005, Randy Presuhn wrote:
>Hi -
> > On 17:42 18/03/2005, Addison Phillips said:
> > > > But I need
> > > > first to review the draft (I said I will do it early next week).
> > >
> > >You send us all this without having actually read the draft?
> >
> > I do not understand how I must take this?
>
>IETF working group participants are strongly encouraged to read and
>comment on the working group's drafts.

Dear Randy,
shhhh...... this teasing starts being tiring and totally counter productive.
I suggest you  _read_ the exchange above.

Obviously I read the draft ... and make it read! My question was precisely 
about the hurting supposition that I did not _read_ the draft when I said 
that I will _review_ it. I am surprised you add your own: the line you 
removed also added "I will go into details".

I do not use to formally comment without having carefully studied the 
things. I have no intent to waste time in reviewing the draft and propose 
an alternative draft if Addison has modified it, considers others needs and 
stops hurting the rest of the planet.

This being said I still have not all the feed-backs from the people I 
polled. I will also wait for the feed-backs from the WG. I only hope that 
we can reach a consensus.

In case we have some misunderstanding between en-FR, en-UK and en-US:

Review, v tr.
    * To look over, study, or examine again.
    * To consider retrospectively; look back on.
    * To examine with an eye to criticism or correction: reviewed the 
research findings.
    * To write or give a critical report on (a new work or performance, for 
example).
    * Law. To reexamine (an action or determination) judicially, especially 
in a higher court, in order to correct possible errors.
    * To subject to a formal inspection, especially a military inspection.
v. intr.
    * To go over or restudy material: reviewing for a final exam.
    * To write critical reviews, especially for a newspaper or magazine.
I observe that to date the debate of this WG only concerns minor editing 
while important structural points are at stake.
But it seems that JFC teasing is a priority. If it pleases you .... but in 
the meanwhile it does not make the things to progress.
Take care.
jfc


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<html>
<body>
At 22:10 19/03/2005, Randy Presuhn wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite="">Hi -<br>
&gt; On 17:42 18/03/2005, Addison Phillips said:<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; But I need<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; first to review the draft (I said I will do it early next
week).<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt;You send us all this without having actually read the
draft?<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; I do not understand how I must take this?<br><br>
IETF working group participants are strongly encouraged to read and<br>
comment on the working group's drafts.</blockquote><br>
Dear Randy,<br>
shhhh...... this teasing starts being tiring and totally counter
productive.<br>
I suggest you&nbsp; _read_ the exchange above.&nbsp; <br>
&nbsp;<br>
Obviously I read the draft ... and make it read! My question was
precisely about the hurting supposition that I did not _read_ the draft
when I said that I will _review_ it. I am surprised you add your own: the
line you removed also added &quot;I will go into details&quot;.<br><br>
I do not use to formally comment without having carefully studied the
things. I have no intent to waste time in reviewing the draft and propose
an alternative draft if Addison has modified it, considers others needs
and stops hurting the rest of the planet. <br><br>
This being said I still have not all the feed-backs from the people I
polled. I will also wait for the feed-backs from the WG. I only hope that
we can reach a consensus. <br><br>
In case we have some misunderstanding between en-FR, en-UK and
en-US:<br><br>
Review, v tr. 
<ol>
<li>To look over, study, or <b>examine again</b>. 
<li>To consider <b>retrospectively; look back on</b>. 
<li>To examine with an eye <b>to criticism or correction</b>: reviewed
the research findings. 
<li>To write or <b>give a critical report on (a new work or performance,
for example)</b>. 
<li><i><u>Law.</u></i> To <b>reexamine </b>(an action or determination)
judicially, especially in a higher court, in order to correct possible
errors. 
<li>To subject to a <b>formal inspection</b>, especially a military
inspection. 
</ol><i>v.</i> <i>intr.</i> 
<ol>
<li>To go over or <b>restudy material: reviewing for a final exam.</b> 
<li>To write <b>critical reviews, especially for a newspaper or
magazine</b>. 
</ol>I observe that to date the debate of this WG only concerns minor
editing while important structural points are at stake.<br>
But it seems that JFC teasing is a priority. If it pleases you .... but
in the meanwhile it does not make the things to progress.<br>
Take care.<br>
jfc <br><br>
</body>
</html>

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Mar 19 18:46:11 2005
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To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>,
        "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] follow-up of an exchange on ietf-languages@alvestrand.no
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Sorry for the typo: I say the "line you removed". Thank you to read "the 
line I removed".
thx.
jfc

At 22:10 19/03/2005, JFC wrote:
 > ... the line you removed also added "I will go into details".


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Mar 19 20:11:10 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] follow-up of an exchange on ietf-languages@alvestrand.no
Date: Sat, 19 Mar 2005 17:09:57 -0800
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Jefsey:

Could you write a short, simple email with a list of these "important =
structural issues"?

Could you write a short, simple email that outlines exactly how you =
would change 3066bis to address these issues?

I was unable to discern these from your previous email(s). Perhaps, as a =
despoiler of the planet, I am a sophomore and need things stated in =
simple terms.

Regards,

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of JFC (Jefsey) Morfin
> Sent: samedi 19 mars 2005 15:23
> To: Randy Presuhn; LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] follow-up of an exchange on ietf-
> languages@alvestrand.no
>=20
> At 22:10 19/03/2005, Randy Presuhn wrote:
>=20
>=20
> 	Hi -
> 	> On 17:42 18/03/2005, Addison Phillips said:
> 	> > > But I need
> 	> > > first to review the draft (I said I will do it early next
> week).
> 	> >
> 	> >You send us all this without having actually read the draft?
> 	>
> 	> I do not understand how I must take this?
>=20
> 	IETF working group participants are strongly encouraged to read and
> 	comment on the working group's drafts.
>=20
>=20
> Dear Randy,
> shhhh...... this teasing starts being tiring and totally counter
> productive.
> I suggest you  _read_ the exchange above.
>=20
> Obviously I read the draft ... and make it read! My question was =
precisely
> about the hurting supposition that I did not _read_ the draft when I =
said
> that I will _review_ it. I am surprised you add your own: the line you
> removed also added "I will go into details".
>=20
> I do not use to formally comment without having carefully studied the
> things. I have no intent to waste time in reviewing the draft and =
propose
> an alternative draft if Addison has modified it, considers others =
needs
> and stops hurting the rest of the planet.
>=20
> This being said I still have not all the feed-backs from the people I
> polled. I will also wait for the feed-backs from the WG. I only hope =
that
> we can reach a consensus.
>=20
> In case we have some misunderstanding between en-FR, en-UK and en-US:
>=20
> Review, v tr.
>=20
> 1.	To look over, study, or examine again.
> 2.	To consider retrospectively; look back on.
> 3.	To examine with an eye to criticism or correction: reviewed the
> research findings.
> 4.	To write or give a critical report on (a new work or performance,
> for example).
> 5.	Law. To reexamine (an action or determination) judicially,
> especially in a higher court, in order to correct possible errors.
> 6.	To subject to a formal inspection, especially a military =
inspection.
>=20
> v. intr.
>=20
> 1.	To go over or restudy material: reviewing for a final exam.
> 2.	To write critical reviews, especially for a newspaper or magazine.
>=20
> I observe that to date the debate of this WG only concerns minor =
editing
> while important structural points are at stake.
> But it seems that JFC teasing is a priority. If it pleases you .... =
but in
> the meanwhile it does not make the things to progress.
> Take care.
> jfc
>=20



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Mar 19 21:45:45 2005
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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] follow-up of an exchange on  ietf-languages@alvestrand.no
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Hi -

> From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
> To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>; "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Saturday, March 19, 2005 3:23 PM
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] follow-up of an exchange on ietf-languages@alvestrand.no
>

> At 22:10 19/03/2005, Randy Presuhn wrote:
> >Hi -
> > > On 17:42 18/03/2005, Addison Phillips said:
> > > > > But I need
> > > > > first to review the draft (I said I will do it early next week).
> > > >
> > > >You send us all this without having actually read the draft?
> > >
> > > I do not understand how I must take this?
> >
> >IETF working group participants are strongly encouraged to read and
> >comment on the working group's drafts.
>
> Dear Randy,
> shhhh...... this teasing starts being tiring and totally counter productive.
...

I'm not teasing.  I'm deadly serious when I write that IETF working group
participants are strongly encouraged to read and comment on the working
group's drafts.  We are here to get some work done.  If you care to make
relevant contributions to the effort, e.g. specific comments on the drafts,
they would be welcome.  Whining and antagonistic posturing are not.

Randy



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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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Doug Ewell wrote:

> Have you read the new draft on "Matching Language
> Identifiers"?

If you're talking about the split of dradt 9 into draft 10 and
a separate draft with a matching strategy - not very carefully:
I only saw that it's essentially the same as in draft 9.

> It explains that the "default" matching algorithm is not the
> only possibility.

IIRC that's also the same as in draft 9 and earlier.

> "pu-rud-Blaz-FU-scrog-f-vlad-x-druz",

You promised that you won't use a parser if I find an example,
where it isn't obvious, therefore I have to take this beast
without looking in one of the drafts.

Language pu, no script (assuming that rud is too short), no
region (assuming that rud is too long), so the rest could be
variants rud, Blaz, FU, scrog, f-vlad, and something private
in x-druz.

> I can also tell you that the tags "a1" and "en-US-Fullerton"
> and "zh-CN-Hant" and "de-a-b-frank" are not valid

That tells me that I got it wrong for FU in your first example.
Looking into the ABNF, yes, I completely forgot the reserved
"extlang", and FU is too short for a variant.

Okay, that allows to identify all pieces in well-formed tags.

> variant | boont | Boontling | 2003-02-14 | | en

Another error on my side, I always thought that the last (6th)
column is a comment and irrelevant for parsers.  But it has a
structure recomended_prefix "#" comment.

Please ignore my stupid idea to get rid of all "#" in another
article, the 6th column is not only a comment.  Comments have
nothing to do with the column, they are simply at the end of a
row introduced by "#".

So you always have a 6th colum, and for all variants it's the
pointer to a language - as I wanted it, I only didn't see that
you already have it.

Could we rename "recommended_prefix" to "associated_tag", or
something in this direction ?  Then the 6th column of languages
would be free for a pointer to a default script.

At the moment the draft says:

| The "recommended_prefix" field is empty, except where the
| type is "variant"

That could be changed to e.g.

  The "recommended_prefix" is generally empty.  In the case of
  a "variant" it's often the recommended "language" prefix, but
  could be also a language-script, language-script-region, or
  language-region prefix.

  For the type "language" this field can be used to define a
  default "script" for the correspoding "laguage", and then the
  resulting tag or prefix language-sript is NOT RECOMMENDED.

> (N.B.  Note the difference between "registry draft" and
> "draft registry."  We need better terminology for this, don't
> we?)

As long as <http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg.html> is
the state of the art I don't care about the terminology.  If
you'll submit it as an I-D it would be the "draft registry".

BTW, the initial mail header registry now got its own RfC 4021
<http://purl.net/net/rfc/4021> - so that wasn't lost somewhere
in limbo between the IESG and IANA.

> Thus if you want to match "en-Latn-US-boont" with "en-boont",
> it is enough to disassemble both tags and observe that all
> the subtags in the second tag are also present in the first.

That's IMFO not good enough.  If a client offers en-boont and
en-misc (script "misc"), and the server has en-misc-US-boont,
then the client should try en-misc, but not en-boont.

Because "misc" is probably very important, if it's not "Latn"
as in the default for en.

> If "en-Latn-US-boont" is a match for "en-boont", then so is
> "en-Ogam-MV-boont".

Unless you have en-Ogam, then you need to know the default
script for en (which isn't Ogam).

> the project of determining default scripts for *all*
> languages (not just the 80% or 90% for which this task is
> easy) is not something that anyone on this list, or perhaps
> anywhere else, is qualified to tackle.

*all* is not what I proposed.  I'm only interested in the 80%
where it's easy for humans, but not for parsers.  Bye, Frank



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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

>> Have you read the new draft on "Matching Language
>> Identifiers"?
>> ...
>> It explains that the "default" matching algorithm is not the
>> only possibility.
>
> IIRC that's also the same as in draft 9 and earlier.

Section 2.2.1 explains that the matching algorithm which involves
truncating from the right is simply "the most common implementation,"
and Section 2.3 describes the possibility of choosing other algorithms.

The point is that we don't have to make the grand decision for everyone
of whether script, region, or variant is more important, and therefore
should appear ahead of the others, just to get matching to work.

>> "pu-rud-Blaz-FU-scrog-f-vlad-x-druz",

(we seem to agree on this point)

> So you always have a 6th colum, and for all variants it's the
> pointer to a language - as I wanted it, I only didn't see that
> you already have it.
>
> Could we rename "recommended_prefix" to "associated_tag", or
> something in this direction ?  Then the 6th column of languages
> would be free for a pointer to a default script.

I think you missed my point.  Trying to determine the "default" script
and perform matching based on this assessment is probably *not* a good
idea for those languages that are customarily written in more than one
script, and probably unnecessary for those that are not.

If I make a request for Mongolian-language content, script unspecified,
then I need to be prepared for the possibility that I will receive
content in either the Mongolian or Cyrillic script (and maybe even
Latin, since everything seems to get transliterated into Latin sooner or
later).  If I want to restrict the content to Cyrillic script, I need to
specify "mn-Cyrl" instead of just "mn".

Having my "mn" data limited to Mongolian script only, excluding the
Cyrillic data, because the LTRU WG decided for me that Mongolian was the
"default" script for the Mongolian language, is not a satisfactory
option.  Maybe I'm able to read both, and I really do want content in
either one.  If we decide for the user than "mn" is the same as
"mn-Mong", then we make it impossible to form a request for "Mongolian,
script unspecified."  (And no, I do not suggest an additional
syntactical construct like "mn-*" or "mn-{Mong, Cyrl}" to patch this
defect.)

In the opposite case, limiting "en" to mean "en-Latn" is probably an
unnecessary layer.  Yes, I know about Deseret and Shavian and the like,
but the fact is that the overwhelming majority of English-language data
is in the Latin script, and people who want English-language data in
other scripts will probably ask for it specifically.  Requests for "en"
alone typically will not fill the user's box with useless (to him)
Deseret and Shavian content, because there is so little of it.  Adding
this "default script" assumption to the matching logic for English
accomplishes little.

> At the moment the draft says:
>
> | The "recommended_prefix" field is empty, except where the
> | type is "variant"
>
> That could be changed to e.g.
>
>   The "recommended_prefix" is generally empty.  In the case of
>   a "variant" it's often the recommended "language" prefix, but
>   could be also a language-script, language-script-region, or
>   language-region prefix.
>
>   For the type "language" this field can be used to define a
>   default "script" for the correspoding "laguage", and then the
>   resulting tag or prefix language-sript is NOT RECOMMENDED.

I really don't think this buys us much.  Section 2.3, items 1 and 2 tell
the user to avoid subtags that don't add information.  I think that is
sufficient.  I'm not comfortable with explicitly recommending against
"en-Latn" the way we do with "iw" or "und".

> > (N.B.  Note the difference between "registry draft" and
> > "draft registry."  We need better terminology for this, don't
> > we?)
>
> As long as <http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg.html> is
> the state of the art I don't care about the terminology.  If
> you'll submit it as an I-D it would be the "draft registry".

That's what I'm worried about.  "Draft registry" implies that it's an
I-D, which it's not, at least not at present.  But it seems to be more
than just a prototype.

>> Thus if you want to match "en-Latn-US-boont" with "en-boont",
>> it is enough to disassemble both tags and observe that all
>> the subtags in the second tag are also present in the first.
>
> That's IMFO not good enough.  If a client offers en-boont and
> en-misc (script "misc"), and the server has en-misc-US-boont,
> then the client should try en-misc, but not en-boont.
>
> Because "misc" is probably very important, if it's not "Latn"
> as in the default for en.

But "boont" may also be important, because most English is not
Boontling.

Variants are a catch-all category used for all kinds of things, anywhere
from relatively minor orthographic variations ('1901' and '1996') to
regional dialects ('boont' and 'scouse') to completely different
languages ('guoyu' and 'xiang').  The presence of a variant subtag, in
and of itself, really doesn't tell much about whether the tagger
considered the variation to be the most important detail or the least.

Boontling is cute and fun, but I'd really rather not use it as the
metric by which important decisions about tagging and matching are made.

>> If "en-Latn-US-boont" is a match for "en-boont", then so is
>> "en-Ogam-MV-boont".
>
> Unless you have en-Ogam, then you need to know the default
> script for en (which isn't Ogam).

Suppose there were such a thing as Boontling written in Ogham.  (I can't
believe I just wrote that sentence.)  Now if a user requests "en-boont",
she may want this content anyway, even though it's in Ogham and not
Latin script.  Who are we to say she can't read Ogham?  And if another
user requests "en-Ogam", he may want this Boontling content as well.
The proportion of English (any flavor) written in Ogham is likely to be
so small that this may be just what he was looking for.

My point is that this is not for us to dictate.

>> the project of determining default scripts for *all*
>> languages (not just the 80% or 90% for which this task is
>> easy) is not something that anyone on this list, or perhaps
>> anywhere else, is qualified to tackle.
>
> *all* is not what I proposed.  I'm only interested in the 80%
> where it's easy for humans, but not for parsers.

I don't think most people will be satisfied with the result if we solve
this problem for the obvious cases, but not the marginal ones.  The
nature of this group is to pay attention to the edge cases.  Look how
much attention we are paying to Boontling!

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Mar 20 15:23:40 2005
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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
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Hi -

When I compare http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ltru/current/msg00126.html
to http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ltru/current/msg00128.html, it's clear that
as co-chair I need to remind folks that taking quotes out of context disrupts the WG
process.  RFC 3934 gives WG chairs specific authority in dealing with disruptive
elements.  Please don't put us in the position of having to use that authority.

Randy



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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With Debbie's permission, I am moving this private thread onto the WG
list, where I feel it belongs.

Debbie Garside <debbie at ictmarketing dot co dot uk> wrote:

> IMVHO, you should be as succinct as possible when tagging... tag the
> item clearly... whether it is of import to you or not... tag to the
> finest detail... this can only enhance the semantic web of the future,
> end user implementation and interoperability...

I responded:

> Are these goals compatible with one another?  To me, "be as succinct
> as possible" and "tag to the finest detail" seem contradictory.
> "Succinct" usually implies leaving out details that one might consider
> unnecessary.

Debbie replied:

> Succinct, in my view, means as clearly and concisely as possible, as
> much info as you have at your fingertips... not just the info you need
> for your own purpose... think of the wider picture...

So Debbie is saying that tags with more information are generally
preferable to those with less, even if the additional information could
be considered redundant or implicit.  For instance, using the examples
from Section 2.3, "de-CH-1996" and "en-Latn-US" would be considered
preferable to "de" or ("en" or "en-US").

I can sympathize with this to some extent, if matching algorithms are
smart enough to interpret such tags properly.  The present post, for
example, is not simply in "en" but "en-Latn-US".  If I were tagging it,
I could use either tag -- or, for that matter, "en-Latn" or "en-US" -- 
and while the additional information (especially 'Latn') might be
obvious, it's not harmful.  A good matching algorithm, IMHO, should not
reject my "en-Latn-US" post when requesting "en" content.

Note, however, that this viewpoint does go against what Section 2.3 of
the draft says.  And there is no guarantee that matching algorithms will
meet my definition of "good."

Conciseness, in and of itself, really doesn't enter into this.  There's
no "short way" and "long way" of expressing the exact same thing, except
for "deprecated-alias" situations like "i-klingon" versus "tlh".

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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On a purely editorial note, I suggest that the language subtags 'und'
and 'mul' in items 4 and 5 of Section 2.3 should be lowercased.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Mar 20 17:15:00 2005
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From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
To: "'Doug Ewell'" <dewell@adelphia.net>,
        "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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With the greatest respect, Doug missed out the subscript that I responded to
(his response to FE) where he said:

Doug Ewell subscript:

" The presence of a variant subtag, in and of itself, really doesn't tell
much about whether the tagger considered the variation to be the most
important detail or the least."

My point is... if the information on variant subtag is available, use it...
even though you may not need it for your own purpose.  This is what I see as
facilitating, in particular, the semantic web, knowledge management,
archiving and search/query routines.  RFC 3066bis seems intent on making
tags as small as possible (am I wrong? Just my perception), whereas I for my
purposes, always want as much information as possible, split into the
tiniest of pieces, I can then include/exclude/use/concatenate in any way
required.

But then I do have a particular interest in language variants ;-)

Debbie

-----Original Message-----
From: Doug Ewell [mailto:dewell@adelphia.net] 
Sent: 20 March 2005 21:46
To: LTRU Working Group
Cc: Debbie Garside
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching

With Debbie's permission, I am moving this private thread onto the WG
list, where I feel it belongs.

Debbie Garside <debbie at ictmarketing dot co dot uk> wrote:

> IMVHO, you should be as succinct as possible when tagging... tag the
> item clearly... whether it is of import to you or not... tag to the
> finest detail... this can only enhance the semantic web of the future,
> end user implementation and interoperability...

I responded:

> Are these goals compatible with one another?  To me, "be as succinct
> as possible" and "tag to the finest detail" seem contradictory.
> "Succinct" usually implies leaving out details that one might consider
> unnecessary.

Debbie replied:

> Succinct, in my view, means as clearly and concisely as possible, as
> much info as you have at your fingertips... not just the info you need
> for your own purpose... think of the wider picture...

So Debbie is saying that tags with more information are generally
preferable to those with less, even if the additional information could
be considered redundant or implicit.  For instance, using the examples
from Section 2.3, "de-CH-1996" and "en-Latn-US" would be considered
preferable to "de" or ("en" or "en-US").

I can sympathize with this to some extent, if matching algorithms are
smart enough to interpret such tags properly.  The present post, for
example, is not simply in "en" but "en-Latn-US".  If I were tagging it,
I could use either tag -- or, for that matter, "en-Latn" or "en-US" -- 
and while the additional information (especially 'Latn') might be
obvious, it's not harmful.  A good matching algorithm, IMHO, should not
reject my "en-Latn-US" post when requesting "en" content.

Note, however, that this viewpoint does go against what Section 2.3 of
the draft says.  And there is no guarantee that matching algorithms will
meet my definition of "good."

Conciseness, in and of itself, really doesn't enter into this.  There's
no "short way" and "long way" of expressing the exact same thing, except
for "deprecated-alias" situations like "i-klingon" versus "tlh".

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Doug Ewell wrote:

> For instance, using the examples from Section 2.3,
> "de-CH-1996" and "en-Latn-US" would be considered
> preferable to "de" or ("en" or "en-US").

Depends.  When I use de-CH-1996 what I mean is that after one
decade too much with US-keyboard layouts I forgot all rules
about &szlig; vs. ss in de, and what I learned in school was
de-1901, so de-CH-1996 without &szlig; is the best I can use
without too many stupid errors.

Very disappointing for speakers of de-CH, I'd never say "Velo"
instead of "Fahrrad", and I wouldn't understand de-CH audio
data.  Script Latn and orthography 1996 are irrelevant for
audio data (e.g. in a hreflang), it will never help in this
case.  Legacy software could "think" that it's something I
don't want, therefore detailed tags can be harmful.

For another example see what your UA did with your article.
The default for MIME 1.0 text/plain is us-ascii 7bit.  You
can explicitly say so or omit it, and arguably saying so is
better.

But your UA claims that it's using utf-8 7bit.  I know that
this is the same as us-ascii, but my UA doesn't know utf-8
at all, it's just a piece of software and can't think.

Fortunately they made it very robust (= stupid), with the
correct result in this case of utf-8 7bit.

> The present post, for example, is not simply in "en" but
> "en-Latn-US".

For Unicode mentioning the script makes sense, but for 8bit-
charsets it should be implicit, excl. transliterations for
the moment.

For existing RfC 3066 software en-Latn-US is gibberish.  If
this software is a spellchecker it would be forced to guess
which en you want.  If it picks en-GB then en-Latn-US was a
bad idea.

That's why I want default scripts and a SHOULD NOT for cases
like en-Latn-*.  The recommendation to tag wisely is a waste
of time for software, it can't think.  It doesn't know what
audio data is, and if it tries it could fail miserably for
captions in video data.

> the additional information (especially 'Latn') might be
> obvious, it's not harmful.

It can be harmful.  No RfC 3066 software knows it.  It wastes
the available space for RfC 2231 "phrases" in header fields.

                        Bye, Frank



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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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At 23:12 20/03/2005, Debbie Garside wrote:
>My point is... if the information on variant subtag is available, use it...
>even though you may not need it for your own purpose.  This is what I see as
>facilitating, in particular, the semantic web, knowledge management,
>archiving and search/query routines.  RFC 3066bis seems intent on making
>tags as small as possible (am I wrong? Just my perception), whereas I for my
>purposes, always want as much information as possible, split into the
>tiniest of pieces, I can then include/exclude/use/concatenate in any way
>required.
>
>But then I do have a particular interest in language variants ;-)

Dear Debbie,
I am not sure your interest is "particular" (this is a need in my case) in 
the finest granularity. Could you document your need better?
Do you think there could be alternative, for example a primary tag refering 
to a secondary tag which could be called on demand? Or would you be 
interested in the subtag's semantic supporting several 
orthogonal/complementary tokens?
I would also be interested if your request corresponds to the qualification 
(for exemple in a reading) or the definition of the language (for example 
in a web service).
Thank you.
jfc





>Debbie
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Doug Ewell [mailto:dewell@adelphia.net]
>Sent: 20 March 2005 21:46
>To: LTRU Working Group
>Cc: Debbie Garside
>Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
>
>With Debbie's permission, I am moving this private thread onto the WG
>list, where I feel it belongs.
>
>Debbie Garside <debbie at ictmarketing dot co dot uk> wrote:
>
> > IMVHO, you should be as succinct as possible when tagging... tag the
> > item clearly... whether it is of import to you or not... tag to the
> > finest detail... this can only enhance the semantic web of the future,
> > end user implementation and interoperability...
>
>I responded:
>
> > Are these goals compatible with one another?  To me, "be as succinct
> > as possible" and "tag to the finest detail" seem contradictory.
> > "Succinct" usually implies leaving out details that one might consider
> > unnecessary.
>
>Debbie replied:
>
> > Succinct, in my view, means as clearly and concisely as possible, as
> > much info as you have at your fingertips... not just the info you need
> > for your own purpose... think of the wider picture...
>
>So Debbie is saying that tags with more information are generally
>preferable to those with less, even if the additional information could
>be considered redundant or implicit.  For instance, using the examples
>from Section 2.3, "de-CH-1996" and "en-Latn-US" would be considered
>preferable to "de" or ("en" or "en-US").
>
>I can sympathize with this to some extent, if matching algorithms are
>smart enough to interpret such tags properly.  The present post, for
>example, is not simply in "en" but "en-Latn-US".  If I were tagging it,
>I could use either tag -- or, for that matter, "en-Latn" or "en-US" --
>and while the additional information (especially 'Latn') might be
>obvious, it's not harmful.  A good matching algorithm, IMHO, should not
>reject my "en-Latn-US" post when requesting "en" content.
>
>Note, however, that this viewpoint does go against what Section 2.3 of
>the draft says.  And there is no guarantee that matching algorithms will
>meet my definition of "good."
>
>Conciseness, in and of itself, really doesn't enter into this.  There's
>no "short way" and "long way" of expressing the exact same thing, except
>for "deprecated-alias" situations like "i-klingon" versus "tlh".
>
>-Doug Ewell
>  Fullerton, California
>  http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
>
>
>
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Does someone knows about an site/effort towards a multilingual support of 
ISO 3166 and of ISO 693?

Today descriptions are in English and in French. This is not adequate to a 
menu in Chinese or for a Russian user. I suppose most of the main languages 
have an ISO 3166 translation, but I did not find a site. This also rises 
the question of the tagging of the languages description themselves in the 
7260x7260 matrix of the languages names, plus the country names, plus the 
TLD lingual version, plus script name, etc.

jfc


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Doug Ewell wrote:
 
>>> "pu-rud-Blaz-FU-scrog-f-vlad-x-druz",
> (we seem to agree on this point)

Yes.  Out of curiosity, what's the idea of ISO 639-3 for the
reserved "extlang" ?  Is it something in the general direction
of my "region codes in language tags considered harmful" idea ?

> I think you missed my point.  Trying to determine the
> "default" script and perform matching based on this
> assessment is probably *not* a good idea for those languages
> that are customarily written in more than one script

No, that point is clear.  We don't want a mad tag reviewer who
sees no problem in deciding what the default script is where
it's _not_ obvious.  In that case we prefer no default at all.
Add TINW where necessary.

> and probably unnecessary for those that are not.

That's what I think is incorrect, see the parallel thread with
Debbie with issues like legacy software, audio data, limited
space in RfC 2231 header fields, etc.

I'd also like to get as much info as possible, but above all I
like correct data, no guesses, and backwards compatible data
where possible.  If 3066bis makes it this year I'm confident
that compatibility issues with RfC 3066 begin to be irrelevant
after 2038 with its signed time_t 32 bits issue.

So for the next 33 years I want compatibility where possible.
Your "mn" example is clear, it's not always possible to get
full backwards compatibility.  I don't want a default script
for "mn" or similar languages, where it's not obvious.

> Section 2.3, items 1 and 2 tell the user to avoid subtags
> that don't add information.

It's not always the user who tags data, often it's software.
As user you would probably never say "utf-8 7bit".  We need
defaults for software implementors, not for ordinary users.

 ["draft registry"]
> it seems to be more than just a prototype.

It's just a nice way to see what the actual draft really means.

For an I-D and IANA I'd prefer a format as in the IANA charset
registry.  Maybe with "%%" lines instead of empty lines as the
terminator for individual entries.  I forgot the name for this
format and who proposed <CRLF>%%<CRLF> instead of <CRLF>CRLF>.

  [en-misc-US-boont]
>> "misc" is probably very important, if it's not "Latn"
>> as in the default for en.
 
> But "boont" may also be important, because most English is
> not Boontling.

Yes, probably they are both important.  If a client supports
both en-misc and en-boont but not en-misc-boont let's hope
that it "knows" the best alternative or offers a choice.

I still think that the prcocessing of en-Latn-US-boont or the
"canonical" en-boont could be different from the processing
of en-misc-US-boont / en-misc-boont.

E.g a user could configure somewhere that he only knows Latn.
Or that he's really interested in misc, not Latn.  Or that he
loves en-boont independent of the script.
 
> Boontling is cute and fun, but I'd really rather not use it
> as the metric by which important decisions about tagging and
> matching are made.

Yes, I have no idea what "boont" is, that's a problem.  Maybe
the draft should use another standard example for matching
strategies and dialects (my editor counts 17 occurences in 13
lines for "boont" in draft -00)

> Who are we to say she can't read Ogham?

Of course we won't say this.  We only want existing RfC 3066
software to do the right thing for "Latn".  This software has
no idea what "Latn" is.  <joke> Maybe it asks whois.iana.org
why they now use a funny FOURCC for the country codes </joke>

                         Bye, Frank



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Doug Ewell wrote:

>> Step 2:  Deprecated ISO 639 codes

How about a special rule "skip jw" ?  The normative references
are ISO 639-1:2002 and ISO 639-2:1998, that could justify to
omit an old typo fixed 1988 (?) or 2001 (?).

What I really want to say:  I won't check your tag generators
for anything which is no country code, I look at your output.

Your second source (codechanges.html) says that it's currently
updated.  Apparently they forgot the "-" for a "-jw", but you
said that your script ignores the "-".

                      Bye, Frank



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Mar 20 21:46:11 2005
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From: John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
To: Frank Ellermann <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
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Subject: [Ltru] [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars, and Boontling
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This posting is mostly for background information.  The only immediately
WG-relevant point is that I agree with Frank Ellerman that using "boont"
so heavily as an example in the draft is a bad idea.

Frank Ellermann scripsit:

> Yes.  Out of curiosity, what's the idea of ISO 639-3 for the
> reserved "extlang" ?  Is it something in the general direction
> of my "region codes in language tags considered harmful" idea ?

<unofficial> ISO 639-3 will be (if all goes as expected) an extension
of ISO 639-2 to provide a 3-letter code, compatible with ISO 639-2,
for every known language in the world (about 7000).  Most of the
work has already been done, and what remains is basically cranking the
standardization machinery.

Some ISO 639-1/2 codes are, from the viewpoint of ISO 639-3, actually
cover terms for multiple languages.  For example, "zh" actually covers
13 distinct ISO 639-3 languages: czo, mnp, yue, hsn, wuu, cpx, gan, nan,
cmn, cjy, czh, hak, cdo.  Instead of allowing these as initial tags in RFC
3066ter, the intent is to allow zh-czo, zh-mnp, zh-yue, etc.  (This will
mean that several grandfathered zh-??? tags will become redundant instead.)

The reason for putting this facility off to RFC 3066ter is that ISO 639-3
is only an editor's draft at this point.  The reason for including the
syntax in 3066bis is to make 3066bis parsers 3066ter-ready.  </unofficial>

> For an I-D and IANA I'd prefer a format as in the IANA charset
> registry.  Maybe with "%%" lines instead of empty lines as the
> terminator for individual entries.  I forgot the name for this
> format and who proposed <CRLF>%%<CRLF> instead of <CRLF>CRLF>.

"Record-jar" format, a merger of RFC-822 headers and the cookie-jar
format devised by Ken Arnold.

> Yes, I have no idea what "boont" is, that's a problem.  

Most other people don't either.  It is a jargon or Rotwelsch used by most
of the people living in the small and (then) isolated town of Booneville,
California between 1880 and 1920, and sporadically by hobbyists since
then.  The syntax is mostly that of informal American English,
but the jargon vocabulary is so all-encompassing as to make Boontling
(itself a jargon term) mutually unintelligible with English.

Here are a nursery rhyme and part of a mushroom-collecting guide:

#	The eeld'm piked for the chigrel nook
#		For gorms for her bahl beljeemer;
#	The gorms had shied, the nook was strung,
#		And the bahl beljeemer had nemer.

Literal translation:  The old woman went to the cupboard/For food for
her excellent hunting dog/The food was gone, the cupboard was empty/
And the excellent hunting dog had nothing.

Standard English version: Old Mother Hubbard/Went to the cupboard/
To fetch her poor dog a bone/But when she came there/The cupboard was
bare/And so the poor dog had none.

#	You must do much graymatterin fore pikin for seekin Ite steaks
#	to gorm, cause the sockers might not be bahlers, but nonchers
#	with dusties dust, so deek your bok well.

Literal translation:  You must do much thinking before going out to
look for mushrooms (literally "Italian steaks") to eat, because the
mushrooms might not be good ones, but bad ones with poison (literally
"graveyard dust"), so read your manual well.

Don't be troubled that you can't understand it; anglophones can't either.

-- 
Clear?  Huh!  Why a four-year-old child         John Cowan
could understand this report.  Run out          jcowan@reutershealth.com
and find me a four-year-old child.  I           http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
can't make head or tail out of it.              http://www.reutershealth.com
        --Rufus T. Firefly on government reports

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars, and Boontling
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Hi -

> From: "John Cowan" <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
> To: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
> Cc: <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Sunday, March 20, 2005 6:45 PM
> Subject: [Ltru] [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars, and Boontling
...
> <unofficial> ISO 639-3 will be (if all goes as expected) an extension
> of ISO 639-2 to provide a 3-letter code, compatible with ISO 639-2,
> for every known language in the world (about 7000).  Most of the
> work has already been done, and what remains is basically cranking the
> standardization machinery.
>
> Some ISO 639-1/2 codes are, from the viewpoint of ISO 639-3, actually
> cover terms for multiple languages.  For example, "zh" actually covers
> 13 distinct ISO 639-3 languages: czo, mnp, yue, hsn, wuu, cpx, gan, nan,
> cmn, cjy, czh, hak, cdo.  Instead of allowing these as initial tags in RFC
> 3066ter, the intent is to allow zh-czo, zh-mnp, zh-yue, etc.  (This will
> mean that several grandfathered zh-??? tags will become redundant instead.)
>
> The reason for putting this facility off to RFC 3066ter is that ISO 639-3
> is only an editor's draft at this point.  The reason for including the
> syntax in 3066bis is to make 3066bis parsers 3066ter-ready.  </unofficial>
...

(co-chair hat OFF)
Do you have a rough idea how many ISO 639-1/2 codes will be "cover terms"
from the perspective of ISO 639-3?

Is the expectation that these other cases would all be handled in the same
way as (zh-cao instead of cao)?

If we already have a good idea how the ISO specifications will look, wouldn't
it make sense to ensure that 3066bis works correctly for those cases, so
we don't have to bother doing a 3066ter?

Randy



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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

>> For instance, using the examples from Section 2.3,
>> "de-CH-1996" and "en-Latn-US" would be considered
>> preferable to "de" or ("en" or "en-US").
>
> Depends.  When I use de-CH-1996 what I mean is that after one
> decade too much with US-keyboard layouts I forgot all rules
> about &szlig; vs. ss in de, and what I learned in school was
> de-1901, so de-CH-1996 without &szlig; is the best I can use
> without too many stupid errors.

Debbie's premise is that IF you can identify your data correctly using
detailed tags, then use the detailed tag rather than a less specific
one.  Obviously not all data fits neatly into a category like
"de-CH-1996"; you might use some elements that are characteristic of
Swiss German and some that are not, and you might follow some rules of
the spelling reform but not others.  In that case, the rule should
always be "Don't lie with language tags."

> For another example see what your UA did with your article.
> The default for MIME 1.0 text/plain is us-ascii 7bit.  You
> can explicitly say so or omit it, and arguably saying so is
> better.
>
> But your UA claims that it's using utf-8 7bit.  I know that
> this is the same as us-ascii, but my UA doesn't know utf-8
> at all, it's just a piece of software and can't think.
>
> Fortunately they made it very robust (=3D stupid), with the
> correct result in this case of utf-8 7bit.

I have no idea what this has to do with language tags.  I always change
the encoding of my messages to UTF-8 (except when I forget) and Outlook
Express is probably tagging it as UTF-8.  I don't know what is "7-bit"
about it (UTF-8 is an 8-bit encoding) but I guess if I had any non-ASCII
characters in my message they might be wrapped in a 7-bit encoding of
some sort.  If you care, see what it does with this character: [=C3=97]

(I'm sorry to hear that your e-mail UA doesn't know what UTF-8 is, by
the way; the Internet Mail Consortium considers it "deficient and
lacking in standard internationalization capabilities" for that reason.)

> For existing RfC 3066 software en-Latn-US is gibberish.

Well, of course it is.  I'm talking about parsers that are expected to
be able to handle RFC 3066bis tags.

To update what I said on ietf-languages:  If our goal is to ensure that
all future tags can be interpreted by existing RFC 3066 parsers, with no
modification, then the best way to do that is to close this WG right now
and stop registering new RFC 3066 tags.

The RFC 3066bis generative syntax is a superset of the RFC 3066
generative syntax.  It allows things to be generated that cannot be
generated under RFC 3066.  However, it is completely downward
compatible, in that everything valid under RFC 3066 is also valid under
RFC 3066bis (which would not be true if, for example, we got rid of
country codes).

> That's why I want default scripts and a SHOULD NOT for cases
> like en-Latn-*.  The recommendation to tag wisely is a waste
> of time for software, it can't think.  It doesn't know what
> audio data is, and if it tries it could fail miserably for
> captions in video data.

Audio and video data would not be tagged for script in any event.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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To: Randy Presuhn <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars, and Boontling
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Randy Presuhn scripsit:

> Do you have a rough idea how many ISO 639-1/2 codes will be "cover terms"
> from the perspective of ISO 639-3?

The current draft contains 56 of them; the technical ISO 639-3 term is
"macro-languages".  A total of 365 ISO 639-3 languages would be covered
by a macro-language code.  They do not overlap.

> Is the expectation that these other cases would all be handled in the same way

Yes.  Similarly, fy-fri (West Frisian), fy-frs (East Frisian), and fy-frr
(North Frisian), rather than fri, frs, frr.  Not all macro-languages have
ISO 639-1 codes: the three Baluchi languages would be bal-bcc (Southern),
bal-bgn (Western), bal-bgp (Eastern).

There would be a few exceptions due to ISO 639 grandfathering: the ISO
639-1 codes nb (Bokmal Norwegian) and nn (Nynorsk Norwegian) would be
preferred in RFC 3066ter to no-nob and no-nno.

> as (zh-cao instead of cao)?

(Presumably zh-czo (Min Zhong) or zh-cdo (Min Dong).  cao is a different
language altogether, not covered by any macro-language code.)

> If we already have a good idea how the ISO specifications will look, wouldn't
> it make sense to ensure that 3066bis works correctly for those cases, so
> we don't have to bother doing a 3066ter?

I think everyone is okay with that except for the timing issue.

Currently, ISO 639-3 is an editor's draft, the ISO equivalent of an I-D.
There is no guarantee that it would make it through the ISO process
before RFC 3066bis makes it through the IETF BCP process, nor that the
current concepts will survive intact.  Fortunately, Peter Constable is
the ISO 639-3 editor, and has been able to bring enormous energy to the
task so far.

>From what I understand of the IETF process, this WG could go dormant
until ISO 639-3 was released, and then wake up for a relatively brief
period to incorporate the necessary few paragraphs in RFC 3066bis to
create RFC 3066ter.

-- 
John Cowan  www.ccil.org/~cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.reutershealth.com
[P]olice in many lands are now complaining that local arrestees are insisting
on having their Miranda rights read to them, just like perps in American TV
cop shows.  When it's explained to them that they are in a different country,
where those rights do not exist, they become outraged.  --Neal Stephenson

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> (1) The RFC 3066bis generative syntax is a superset of the RFC 3066
> generative syntax.  It allows things to be generated that cannot be
> generated under RFC 3066.

> (2) [E]verything valid under RFC 3066 is also valid under RFC 3066bis
> (which would not be true if, for example, we got rid of country codes).

(3) The RFC 3066bis generative syntax is a subset of the RFC 3066
recognizer syntax: every tag that can be generated under RFC 3066bis
could be registered under RFC 3066.

(I think this point is worth emphasizing.)

-- 
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 21 00:06:48 2005
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

> Does someone knows about an site/effort towards a multilingual support
> of ISO 3166 and of ISO 693?

I don't know anything about ISO 693, which is a standard for "Dimensions
of seam welding wheel blanks."

You might have better luck looking for references on ISO 639, which
deals with language codes.

> Today descriptions are in English and in French. This is not adequate
> to a menu in Chinese or for a Russian user. I suppose most of the main
> languages have an ISO 3166 translation, but I did not find a site.
> This also rises the question of the tagging of the languages
> description themselves in the 7260x7260 matrix of the languages names,
> plus the country names, plus the TLD lingual version, plus script
> name, etc.

The ICU project is probably your best source for common localized
resources, such as language names.  They currently support resource
bundles in 77 different languages (or 80, depending on which reference
you read).

http://www-306.ibm.com/software/globalization/icu/index.jsp

You probably will not ever find a source for translating the names of
7260 languages into 7260 languages.  One problem is that many of these
languages are nearly extinct and/or have fewer than 10 speakers, who
probably do not have the resources, knowledge, or inclination to
translate the names of 7259 other languages.

Another problem is that there is currently no universally accepted
coding system for 7260 languages, which makes a database like this a bit
difficult to index.  ISO 639-3 will provide codes for 7616 languages, by
my count, but it is still only a draft.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: "Jukka K. Korpela" <jkorpela@cs.tut.fi>
To: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] multilingualism
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On Mon, 21 Mar 2005, JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:

> Does someone knows about an site/effort towards a multilingual support of
> ISO 3166 and of ISO 693?

That's part of the work of the Common Locale Data Repository activity,
see http://www.unicode.org/cldr/ which already contains a huge amount
of data on names of languages, countries, and other things in different
languages.

> Today descriptions are in English and in French. This is not adequate to a
> menu in Chinese or for a Russian user. I suppose most of the main languages
> have an ISO 3166 translation, but I did not find a site.

Software vendors have had to define localized names for use in menus
and other contexts, but the names have often been incorrect and
there have been unnecessary and confusing differences. They really
don't want to do such things but implement definitions based on
expert work and consensus in different countries. Hence CLDR.

-- 
Jukka "Yucca" Korpela, http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars, and Boontling
Date: Sun, 20 Mar 2005 21:41:06 -0800
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Hi -

(co-chair hat off)

> From: "John Cowan" <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
> To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
> Cc: <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Sunday, March 20, 2005 8:41 PM
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars, and Boontling
...
> From what I understand of the IETF process, this WG could go dormant
> until ISO 639-3 was released, and then wake up for a relatively brief
> period to incorporate the necessary few paragraphs in RFC 3066bis to
> create RFC 3066ter.
...

I think it would be really nice if we could put in text now that would not
need revision later.  It sounds like all that is needed is text that spells
out precisely when using the macro-language code is required.

However, I wonder if the approach of mandating the use of the macro-language
code in some, but not all, cases will make matching algorithms overly complicated.

Randy



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

> Out of curiosity, what's the idea of ISO 639-3 for the
> reserved "extlang" ?  Is it something in the general direction
> of my "region codes in language tags considered harmful" idea ?

It is a way of identifying more languages.  It does not replace region
subtags in cases where the essential language is the same.  There are
codes for things like "Liberian English," which differs dramatically
from Standard English, but there are not separate codes for en-US and
en-GB and en-AU and en-ZA.

>> I think you missed my point.  Trying to determine the
>> "default" script and perform matching based on this
>> assessment is probably *not* a good idea for those languages
>> that are customarily written in more than one script
>
> No, that point is clear.  We don't want a mad tag reviewer who
> sees no problem in deciding what the default script is where
> it's _not_ obvious.  In that case we prefer no default at all.
> Add TINW where necessary.

So the problem is reduced to defining a "default" script where that is
considered "obvious" -- best to be conservative here -- and establishing
a mechanism to indicate the default script in the registry, a matching
algorithm that will use this information to dike out "redundant" script
subtags, and a recommendation in the draft that users not use any script
subtag explicitly that matches the default.

Does anyone else besides Frank agree with this, or think it bears
investigating?  I'd like to hear someone else besides just Frank and me.

>> and probably unnecessary for those that are not.
>
> That's what I think is incorrect, see the parallel thread with
> Debbie with issues like legacy software, audio data, limited
> space in RfC 2231 header fields, etc.

Debbie is saying we should encode as much information as possible.  You
are saying that we should not encode the script if it is assumed to be
the "default."  These are fundamentally opposite viewpoints.

Let's not talk about audio data and script subtags in the same breath.

> I'd also like to get as much info as possible, but above all I
> like correct data, no guesses, and backwards compatible data
> where possible.

Collapsing "en-Latn" to "en" is very much a matter of employing
guesswork.  You are guessing that users who request "en" don't want the
very small amount of content that exists in any script other than Latin,
and will know how to request "en-Dsrt" or "en-Shaw" or "en-Brai" if they
want that.

> If 3066bis makes it this year I'm confident
> that compatibility issues with RfC 3066 begin to be irrelevant
> after 2038 with its signed time_t 32 bits issue.

I guess this means "RFC 3066bis has serious compatibility issues with
RFC 3066."  Can you enumerate these, please, in a bullet-point list?

>> Section 2.3, items 1 and 2 tell the user to avoid subtags
>> that don't add information.
>
> It's not always the user who tags data, often it's software.
> As user you would probably never say "utf-8 7bit".  We need
> defaults for software implementors, not for ordinary users.

"User" in software engineering does not have to mean a human.  It could
be a software process.

> For an I-D and IANA I'd prefer a format as in the IANA charset
> registry.  Maybe with "%%" lines instead of empty lines as the
> terminator for individual entries.  I forgot the name for this
> format and who proposed <CRLF>%%<CRLF> instead of <CRLF>CRLF>.

John Cowan suggested the "record-jar" format.  I could certainly put
together a record-jar version of the registry if desired.  Is anyone
else interested in seeing this?

> Yes, probably they are both important.  If a client supports
> both en-misc and en-boont but not en-misc-boont let's hope
> that it "knows" the best alternative or offers a choice.

As I said: it is very difficult to tell, simply from the presence of a
variant subtag, whether it represents the most important or least
important information for the user.

If I request "de" content, say over the Web, I definitely want to
receive content in both "de-1901" and "de-1996", not just one or the
other.  However, if I request "zh" I may not be able to do anything with
"zh-hakka".

> E.g a user could configure somewhere that he only knows Latn.
> Or that he's really interested in misc, not Latn.  Or that he
> loves en-boont independent of the script.

This is all part of the "good" matching strategy I described.  You could
specify "en-Latn" or "en-Misc" (not an actual script, of course) or
"en-boont", and get content in whatever combination you like.  All that
is needed is for the matching module to compare the langtag of the
content with that of your request, decompose the two into subtags, and
compare the subtags.  If you had something like this, you wouldn't need
"en-Latn" to be collapsed to "en" or anything else.

>> Who are we to say she can't read Ogham?
>
> Of course we won't say this.  We only want existing RfC 3066
> software to do the right thing for "Latn".  This software has
> no idea what "Latn" is.

If you declare 'Latn' to be the default script for 'en', and use that
information to collapse the tag "en-Latn" to "en", then you remove the
user's ability to get "en-Ogam" content unless she specifically requests
it.  This essentially says, "Since you requested English, I'll assume
you can only read it in Latin script, and I won't send you English
content in any other script."

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

>>> Step 2:  Deprecated ISO 639 codes
>
> How about a special rule "skip jw" ?  The normative references
> are ISO 639-1:2002 and ISO 639-2:1998, that could justify to
> omit an old typo fixed 1988 (?) or 2001 (?).

If you don't mind, I'd like to phrase this as a question for the group,
instead of simply continung to say "such-and-so could be done," which
doesn't seem to generate any WG feedback.

QUESTION:  Should the rules for populating the registry be changed to
exclude ISO 639 codes deprecated before a certain date?  If so, what
should that date be?

PRO:  This might reduce user confusion, and would leave the door open
for ISO 639 to reassign these codes (which they have never done).

CON:  Many reference sources actually encouraged users to continue using
the old codes 'in', 'iw', and 'he' for years after they were deprecated,
on the basis that old software would be more likely to recognize the old
codes.

A side note: Please don't take the fact that I am presenting this issue
as a question for the group as evidence that I support the idea.

> Your second source (codechanges.html) says that it's currently
> updated.  Apparently they forgot the "-" for a "-jw", but you
> said that your script ignores the "-".

Yes, they did forget the hyphen to indicate that "jw" is now deprecated.

BTW, for those who found my e-mail message on this subject difficult to
read, I've turned it into a Web page (including errata).  Eventually
this will include steps to populate the entire registry.  I'm waiting
for feedback on the language part before finishing the other parts.  The
address is:

http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/init-registry.html

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Randy Presuhn scripsit:

> I think it would be really nice if we could put in text now that would not
> need revision later.  It sounds like all that is needed is text that spells
> out precisely when using the macro-language code is required.

The difficulty there is that we put the extended-language concept in to 
support a specific mechanism of ISO 639-3 as it is currently conceived of.
If ISO/IEC JTC 1 / TC 37 / SC 2 / WG 1 changed its mind about this
mechanism, we'd be left hanging out to dry.

That said, it seems I was incorrect to say that ISO 639-3 is an editor's
draft: it is now a Draft International Standard out for ballot.

> However, I wonder if the approach of mandating the use of the macro-language
> code in some, but not all, cases will make matching algorithms overly complicated.

I don't think so.  It's much like mandating the use of ISO 639-1 codes where
they exist in place of ISO 639-2 codes.  It means that you need to know
more to assign a code, but not more to match on one.

-- 
John Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan
This great college [Trinity], of this ancient university [Cambridge],
has seen some strange sights. It has seen Wordsworth drunk and Porson
sober. And here am I, a better poet than Porson, and a better scholar
than Wordsworth, somewhere betwixt and between.  --A.E. Housman

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Doug Ewell wrote:

> Debbie's premise is that IF you can identify your data
> correctly using detailed tags, then use the detailed tag
> rather than a less specific one.

Sure, she would say en-Latn-US instead of en-US and maybe be
disappointed when today's software matches it with en instead
of en-US.  Browsers, googlebot, spell checkers, etc. for many
years.

3066bis could avoid this potential problem by saying that
en-Latn-* is NOT RECOMMENDED.  Or ru-Cyrl-*, it's not limited
to Latn.

 [utf-8 7bit vs. us-ascii 7bit]
> I have no idea what this has to do with language tags.

It was only an example for backwards compatibility, my rather
old UA often "helps" me to identify such issues.  Not for this
example, I simply looked into the header.  A clever UA could
try to guess the script based on the charset, for us-ascii I'd
expect it to guess "Latn".  And for utf-8 I'd expect that it
doesn't try to guess.

> I don't know what is "7-bit" about it

Another logic decided that you used only us-ascii, and then a
transfer-encoding is unnecessary.  It was only an example for
"many details are not always consistent", keeping it simple is
often better.  Backwards compatible defaults like us-ascii in
7bit mail or Latn for en are good.

> sorry to hear that your e-mail UA doesn't know what UTF-8 is

It's no big problem, otherwise I'd change the UA.  Generally
Latin-1 works for me, and I also know when that's a lie and I
have to replace it by windows-1252 manually.

> the Internet Mail Consortium considers it "deficient and
> lacking in standard internationalization capabilities"

Only for UAs created or revised _after_ 1998, and that was two
or three years after somebody said "make" for my UA.  And it's
already in the binary, unfortunately disabled for my platform.

Thanks for <http://www.imc.org/mail-i18n.html>, I've added it
to my collection of charset links.  I just checked the final
<http://www.w3.org/TR/charmod/#C049> - it still allows me to
use windows-1252 where necessary for backwards compatibility.
Also added to my link collection.

Your test character was =9E, okay, what I've now done is evil.
Don't get me started with charsets, it's worse than ccTLDs ;-)

>> For existing RfC 3066 software en-Latn-US is gibberish.
> Well, of course it is.

Then it should be avoided where possible.  We only have to make
it possible by introducing "default" scripts for the 80% where
it's easy, as you said.

> everything valid under RFC 3066 is also valid under
> RFC 3066bis (which would not be true if, for example, we got
> rid of country codes).

My proposal to use the last official meaning for all ISO 3166-1
country codes as an alias to stable UN numbers is compatible
with RfC 3066.  That past or present countries as defined by
the UN are no good choice for regional differences in languages
is IMHO clear.

Maybe 693-3 will allow me to say "Texas", "Wales", or "Bavaria"
somehow where that's relevant.

> Audio and video data would not be tagged for script in any
> event.

Not by humans.  But with software you never know, if there's a
way to get it wrong somebody will implement it, it could be me.

                    Bye, Frank



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Subject: [Ltru] Re: [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars, and Boontling
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John Cowan wrote:
 
> This posting is mostly for background information.

Very interesting, thanks.  It promises that I'll be able to say
what I mean instead of ad hoc (ab)uses of country codes or UN
numbers to identify regional differences.

> the intent is to allow zh-czo, zh-mnp, zh-yue, etc.

It's probably difficult to find the appropriate sets, but not
impossible.

> "Record-jar" format, a merger of RFC-822 headers and the
> cookie-jar format devised by Ken Arnold.

Yes, that was the name.  It's not strictly necessary for Doug's
registry, if he has something like Section: Language, then the
start of the next registry entry is always clear, even without
empty line or "%%".  But if the "record-jar" format is common,
why not.

> It is a jargon or Rotwelsch

Just for fun, here's a difficult case for a future ISO 639-3:
<http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=YEC>
"German-Yiddish-Romani-Rotwelsch"

>#       The eeld'm piked for the chigrel nook
>#               For gorms for her bahl beljeemer;
>#       The gorms had shied, the nook was strung,
>#               And the bahl beljeemer had nemer.

I see, whatever we do, we must try hard that it never matches
"en" as long as there is any better choice.

                         Bye, Frank



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Doug Ewell wrote:

> Debbie is saying we should encode as much information as
> possible.  You are saying that we should not encode the
> script if it is assumed to be the "default."  These are
> fundamentally opposite viewpoints.

Yes, because I dare not declare all existing RfC 3066 software
to be obsolete soon.  For a completely new scheme that's by
definition incompatible I'd opt for Debbie's idea.

> You are guessing that users who request "en" don't want the
> very small amount of content that exists in any script other
> than Latin,

I'm guessing that users who request "en" want the RfC 3066 idea
of "en", any en-?? plus a few registerd en- like en-boont.

> and will know how to request "en-Dsrt" or "en-Shaw" or
> "en-Brai" if they want that.

Yes, if they want that they can say so.  I think you've just
found another design problem.  Even a default "Latn" does not
allow to say "en-Latn" and to get any old "en" minus the new
"en-Brai" etc.

> I guess this means "RFC 3066bis has serious compatibility
> issues with RFC 3066."  Can you enumerate these, please, in
> a bullet-point list?

1 - old software won't recognize en-Brai-LR, but maybe knows
    en-LR (you said that it's very different from en)

2 - old content is tagged as en-US etc., We can guess that it's
    en-Latn-US etc. (if we define default scripts), but that
    guess would be incorrect if it's actually en-Brai-US etc.

For "old" read "almost all" until a new 3066bis is published.

> If I request "de" content, say over the Web, I definitely
> want to receive content in both "de-1901" and "de-1996", not
> just one or the other.

But not necessarily de-Brai, so there's definitely a problem.
So far I thought that a "default script" would help, but now
you confused me, is a "default script" actually worse ?

Assuming that it is worse, then we'd need Debbie's idea, we
SHOULD say de-Latn in new content, and pray that all old pages
are updated.  Hell, that's impossible, somewhere I lost it.

> This essentially says, "Since you requested English, I'll
> assume you can only read it in Latin script, and I won't
> send you English content in any other script."

Bad.  Could I try again with en-Zyyy ?  Bye, Frank



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Hi

My interest is that I am currently writing a Committee Draft (CD) for the
proposed ISO 639-6 which covers language variation (written/spoken/signed)
and provides a meta-model for an object orientated Language Description
Framework (or language registry perhaps). 

Debbie

-----Original Message-----
From: JFC (Jefsey) Morfin [mailto:jefsey@jefsey.com] 
Sent: 20 March 2005 23:12
To: Debbie Garside; 'Doug Ewell'; 'LTRU Working Group'
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching

At 23:12 20/03/2005, Debbie Garside wrote:
>My point is... if the information on variant subtag is available, use it...
>even though you may not need it for your own purpose.  This is what I 
>see as facilitating, in particular, the semantic web, knowledge 
>management, archiving and search/query routines.  RFC 3066bis seems 
>intent on making tags as small as possible (am I wrong? Just my 
>perception), whereas I for my purposes, always want as much information 
>as possible, split into the tiniest of pieces, I can then 
>include/exclude/use/concatenate in any way required.
>
>But then I do have a particular interest in language variants ;-)

Dear Debbie,
I am not sure your interest is "particular" (this is a need in my case) in
the finest granularity. Could you document your need better?
Do you think there could be alternative, for example a primary tag refering
to a secondary tag which could be called on demand? Or would you be
interested in the subtag's semantic supporting several
orthogonal/complementary tokens?
I would also be interested if your request corresponds to the qualification
(for exemple in a reading) or the definition of the language (for example in
a web service).
Thank you.
jfc





>Debbie
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Doug Ewell [mailto:dewell@adelphia.net]
>Sent: 20 March 2005 21:46
>To: LTRU Working Group
>Cc: Debbie Garside
>Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
>
>With Debbie's permission, I am moving this private thread onto the WG 
>list, where I feel it belongs.
>
>Debbie Garside <debbie at ictmarketing dot co dot uk> wrote:
>
> > IMVHO, you should be as succinct as possible when tagging... tag the 
> > item clearly... whether it is of import to you or not... tag to the 
> > finest detail... this can only enhance the semantic web of the 
> > future, end user implementation and interoperability...
>
>I responded:
>
> > Are these goals compatible with one another?  To me, "be as succinct 
> > as possible" and "tag to the finest detail" seem contradictory.
> > "Succinct" usually implies leaving out details that one might 
> > consider unnecessary.
>
>Debbie replied:
>
> > Succinct, in my view, means as clearly and concisely as possible, as 
> > much info as you have at your fingertips... not just the info you 
> > need for your own purpose... think of the wider picture...
>
>So Debbie is saying that tags with more information are generally 
>preferable to those with less, even if the additional information could 
>be considered redundant or implicit.  For instance, using the examples 
>from Section 2.3, "de-CH-1996" and "en-Latn-US" would be considered 
>preferable to "de" or ("en" or "en-US").
>
>I can sympathize with this to some extent, if matching algorithms are 
>smart enough to interpret such tags properly.  The present post, for 
>example, is not simply in "en" but "en-Latn-US".  If I were tagging it, 
>I could use either tag -- or, for that matter, "en-Latn" or "en-US" -- 
>and while the additional information (especially 'Latn') might be 
>obvious, it's not harmful.  A good matching algorithm, IMHO, should not 
>reject my "en-Latn-US" post when requesting "en" content.
>
>Note, however, that this viewpoint does go against what Section 2.3 of 
>the draft says.  And there is no guarantee that matching algorithms 
>will meet my definition of "good."
>
>Conciseness, in and of itself, really doesn't enter into this.  There's 
>no "short way" and "long way" of expressing the exact same thing, 
>except for "deprecated-alias" situations like "i-klingon" versus "tlh".
>
>-Doug Ewell
>  Fullerton, California
>  http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
>
>
>
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At 06:08 21/03/2005, Jukka K. Korpela wrote:
>On Mon, 21 Mar 2005, JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:
> > Does someone knows about an site/effort towards a multilingual support of
> > ISO 3166 and of ISO 639?
>
>That's part of the work of the Common Locale Data Repository activity,
>see http://www.unicode.org/cldr/ which already contains a huge amount
>of data on names of languages, countries, and other things in different
>languages.

Dear Jukka,
thank you for your response. The cldr work is certainly a big starting 
point, but I have some problem with it:

- the copyrights of Unicode which - to my knowledge - make it dependent to 
the support of Unicode systems. They certainly reviewed that with IESG to 
obtain that an RFC requires a compatibility with a private project. But to 
date there is no mention of this agreement and of its consequences in the 
Draft (nor of locales in general). I even note that one of the Chairs 
opposed the idea that ccTLD local name be entered in the locale. This is 
why I rose the point: if the CLDR is not intended to be made available to 
all without constraints via the IANA, we should read the Charter as to 
document the cupport of systems like the CLDR and consider how the data be 
compiled otherwise.

- the XML presentation. I look for a formated compact database with easy 
daily update/downloads.

- security and scalabiliy. The obvious problem is cross-consistency 
checking by concerned people themselves and constant verification tools. 
Internet has a very stable, proven, database distributed system to support 
that kind of information: the DNS logic which can be/is used to many other 
things than the domain names, as an independent system or not. Getting the 
context of a site from an XML tag calls for a web site.

> > Today descriptions are in English and in French. This is not adequate to a
> > menu in Chinese or for a Russian user. I suppose most of the main languages
> > have an ISO 3166 translation, but I did not find a site.
>
>Software vendors have had to define localized names for use in menus
>and other contexts, but the names have often been incorrect and
>there have been unnecessary and confusing differences. They really
>don't want to do such things but implement definitions based on
>expert work and consensus in different countries. Hence CLDR.

Fully true. This is why I ask as I see nothing in the Draft.
thank you for your help.
jfc

======================================================
Standardizing Tags for the Identification of Languages should not be a way
to standardize languages and to unify the world under a dominant culture.
======================================================
For your convenience:
RFC 3066: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt?number=3066
Draft: 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
======================================================
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
======================================================
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far as
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
======================================================
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978, should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
======================================================


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 21 05:55:09 2005
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To: "'Frank Ellermann'" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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Frank Ellerman: wrote

"Assuming that it is worse, then we'd need Debbie's idea, we SHOULD say
de-Latn in new content, and pray that all old pages are updated.  Hell,
that's impossible, somewhere I lost it." 

What I said about detail was really about variant subtags but it is OK to
apply it everywhere...consistency is also the name of the game... as it also
assists the end user which is my primary focus.

I hate to throw a spanner in the works here but still on the subject of
detail... Exactly how much detail can be gleaned from a script code...
Should we perhaps be looking in even finer detail and at extensibility
issues e.g. 
en-Character_Set-US
At least you would end up with something useful, forward looking and
extendable... :-)

Debbie

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
Sent: 21 March 2005 09:09
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching

Doug Ewell wrote:

> Debbie is saying we should encode as much information as possible.  
> You are saying that we should not encode the script if it is assumed 
> to be the "default."  These are fundamentally opposite viewpoints.

Yes, because I dare not declare all existing RfC 3066 software to be
obsolete soon.  For a completely new scheme that's by definition
incompatible I'd opt for Debbie's idea.

> You are guessing that users who request "en" don't want the very small 
> amount of content that exists in any script other than Latin,

I'm guessing that users who request "en" want the RfC 3066 idea of "en", any
en-?? plus a few registerd en- like en-boont.

> and will know how to request "en-Dsrt" or "en-Shaw" or "en-Brai" if 
> they want that.

Yes, if they want that they can say so.  I think you've just found another
design problem.  Even a default "Latn" does not allow to say "en-Latn" and
to get any old "en" minus the new "en-Brai" etc.

> I guess this means "RFC 3066bis has serious compatibility issues with 
> RFC 3066."  Can you enumerate these, please, in a bullet-point list?

1 - old software won't recognize en-Brai-LR, but maybe knows
    en-LR (you said that it's very different from en)

2 - old content is tagged as en-US etc., We can guess that it's
    en-Latn-US etc. (if we define default scripts), but that
    guess would be incorrect if it's actually en-Brai-US etc.

For "old" read "almost all" until a new 3066bis is published.

> If I request "de" content, say over the Web, I definitely want to 
> receive content in both "de-1901" and "de-1996", not just one or the 
> other.

But not necessarily de-Brai, so there's definitely a problem.
So far I thought that a "default script" would help, but now you confused
me, is a "default script" actually worse ?

Assuming that it is worse, then we'd need Debbie's idea, we SHOULD say
de-Latn in new content, and pray that all old pages are updated.  Hell,
that's impossible, somewhere I lost it.

> This essentially says, "Since you requested English, I'll assume you 
> can only read it in Latin script, and I won't send you English content 
> in any other script."

Bad.  Could I try again with en-Zyyy ?  Bye, Frank



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 21 09:37:47 2005
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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Debbie Garside scripsit:

> My interest is that I am currently writing a Committee Draft (CD) for the
> proposed ISO 639-6 which covers language variation (written/spoken/signed)
> and provides a meta-model for an object orientated Language Description
> Framework (or language registry perhaps). 

I think it worth mentioning that there is no ISO 639-6 on the current
programme of work of ISO TC 37 / SC 2.  (My reference in an earlier
posting to ISO/IEC JTC 1 was a mistake, and should be disregarded.)
So at the moment Debbie's draft has no official status with ISO.

ISO 639-4 (general principles) and ISO 639-5 (codes for groups of
languages) are in progress, but are irrelevant to RFC 3066bis.

-- 
How they ever reached any  conclusion at all    jcowan@reutershealth.com>
is starkly unknowable to the human mind.        http://www.reutershealth.com
        --"Backstage Lensman", Randall Garrett  http://www.ccil.org/~cowan

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 21 10:11:45 2005
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To: Frank Ellermann <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars, and Boontling
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Frank Ellermann scripsit:

> Just for fun, here's a difficult case for a future ISO 639-3:
> <http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=YEC>
> "German-Yiddish-Romani-Rotwelsch"

ISO 639-3 is basically Ethnologue with some of the codes changed for
various reasons.

> I see, whatever we do, we must try hard that it never matches
> "en" as long as there is any better choice.

Indeed.  That's why it really should be registered as a language IMHO.

-- 
John Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.reutershealth.com  ccil.org/~cowan
Dievas dave dantis; Dievas duos duonos          --Lithuanian proverb
Deus dedit dentes; deus dabit panem             --Latin version thereof
Deity donated dentition;
  deity'll donate doughnuts                     --English version by Muke Tever
God gave gums; God'll give granary              --Version by Mat McVeagh

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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of John Cowan


> The reason for putting this facility off to RFC 3066ter is that ISO
639-3
> is only an editor's draft at this point.

Clarification: in ISO-speak: it is at Enquiry Draft stage.



Peter Constable

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Peter Constable scripsit:

> Clarification: in ISO-speak: it is at Enquiry Draft stage.

The ISO page on it says it's out for DIS ballot.  Is that wrong?

-- 
Real FORTRAN programmers can program FORTRAN    John Cowan
in any language.  --Allen Brown                 cowan@ccil.org

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From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
To: "'John Cowan'" <cowan@ccil.org>,
        "'Peter Constable'" <petercon@microsoft.com>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars, and Boontling
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Alas ...Alack... it seems all cannot be believed on the ISO page... :-)

Debbie

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
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Sent: 21 March 2005 15:47
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars, and Boontling

Peter Constable scripsit:

> Clarification: in ISO-speak: it is at Enquiry Draft stage.

The ISO page on it says it's out for DIS ballot.  Is that wrong?

-- 
Real FORTRAN programmers can program FORTRAN    John Cowan
in any language.  --Allen Brown                 cowan@ccil.org

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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

>> Debbie is saying we should encode as much information as
>> possible.  You are saying that we should not encode the
>> script if it is assumed to be the "default."  These are
>> fundamentally opposite viewpoints.
>
> Yes, because I dare not declare all existing RfC 3066 software
> to be obsolete soon.  For a completely new scheme that's by
> definition incompatible I'd opt for Debbie's idea.

The vast majority of tags created under RFC 3066bis will NOT contain
script subtags.  They are there for when someone deems them necessary.

>> You are guessing that users who request "en" don't want the
>> very small amount of content that exists in any script other
>> than Latin,
>
> I'm guessing that users who request "en" want the RfC 3066 idea
> of "en", any en-?? plus a few registerd en- like en-boont.

That is not what your suggestion does, though.  It collapses "en-Latn"
to "en" in matching, on the basis of Latin being considered the "default
script" for English.  This means either (a) a search for "en" will
return only "en-Latn", which is not compatible with the RFC 3066
interpretation, or (b) a search for "en-Latn" will return all "en",
which is not what the user asked for.

(Bear in mind, throughout this post, that "user" could mean "software"
or "user agent."  It's software-engineering shorthand.)

>> and will know how to request "en-Dsrt" or "en-Shaw" or
>> "en-Brai" if they want that.
>
> Yes, if they want that they can say so.  I think you've just
> found another design problem.  Even a default "Latn" does not
> allow to say "en-Latn" and to get any old "en" minus the new
> "en-Brai" etc.

Well, I think that's a design problem with the whole "default script"
idea.  And I think asking for "all scripts except Braille" is probably
out of scope for this project.

>> I guess this means "RFC 3066bis has serious compatibility
>> issues with RFC 3066."  Can you enumerate these, please, in
>> a bullet-point list?
>
> 1 - old software won't recognize en-Brai-LR, but maybe knows
>     en-LR (you said that it's very different from en)

If the user requests "en-Brai-LR", she is making a very particular
request that could not have been fulfilled under RFC 3066 in any
circumstance (unless "en-Brai-LR" were explicitly registered.  Since
this wouldn't have worked under RFC 3066, it seems odd to consider it an
incompatibility, unless you are saying that the whole script-subtag idea
should be deleted (which would take away one of the main purposes of RFC
3066bis).

> 2 - old content is tagged as en-US etc., We can guess that it's
>     en-Latn-US etc. (if we define default scripts), but that
>     guess would be incorrect if it's actually en-Brai-US etc.

Content tagged as "en-US" cannot be assumed to be in any particular
script, although Latin would be a good guess.

Content tagged as "en-Latn-US" or "en-Brai-US" can be assumed to be in
Latin or Braille respectively.

>> If I request "de" content, say over the Web, I definitely
>> want to receive content in both "de-1901" and "de-1996", not
>> just one or the other.
>
> But not necessarily de-Brai, so there's definitely a problem.
> So far I thought that a "default script" would help, but now
> you confused me, is a "default script" actually worse ?

I think it is.  It assumes certain information that I don't think is
safe to assume, and it makes certain types of requests (like "English in
any script imaginable") impossible (or at least counterintuitive and
non-3066-compatible; see Zyyy example below).

A better solution would be to perform matching based on subtags.  That
way, content can be marked as "en" or "en-US" or "en-Latn-US", and the
user can request any of those, and matching will take place as
appropriate.

> Assuming that it is worse, then we'd need Debbie's idea, we
> SHOULD say de-Latn in new content, and pray that all old pages
> are updated.  Hell, that's impossible, somewhere I lost it.

Nobody proposes that old data be "updated."

>> This essentially says, "Since you requested English, I'll
>> assume you can only read it in Latin script, and I won't
>> send you English content in any other script."
>
> Bad.  Could I try again with en-Zyyy ?  Bye, Frank

OK, you have a point.  There is a subtag 'Zyyy' which means "Code for
undetermined script."  That would allow users to request "English in any
script," but in a way that is incompatible with RFC 3066 -- which I know
is important to you.

Under RFC 3066:
    "en" means English in any script
    "en-Latn" is not registered, so not allowed
    "en-Zyyy" is not registered, so not allowed

Under RFC 3066bis, current draft:
    "en" means English in any script
    "en-Latn" means English in Latin script
    "en-Zyyy" means English in any script

Under RFC 3066bis with your "default script" idea:
    "en" means English in Latin script (default)
    "en-Latn" means English in Latin script (explicit)
    "en-Zyyy" means English in any script

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Subject: Question: (was Re: [Ltru] Re: Populating the initial registry:
	Languages)
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> QUESTION:  Should the rules for populating the registry be changed to
> exclude ISO 639 codes deprecated before a certain date?  If so, what
> should that date be?
>
> PRO:  This might reduce user confusion, and would leave the door open
> for ISO 639 to reassign these codes (which they have never done).
>
> CON:  Many reference sources actually encouraged users to continue usin=
g
> the old codes 'in', 'iw', and 'he' for years after they were deprecated=
,
> on the basis that old software would be more likely to recognize the ol=
d
> codes.

The safest and most robust policy is allow all codes that have ever been
permitted by the source standards. My reasons are that
(a) because of the instability of such sources, it was indeed a reasonabl=
e
tactic to take use the first defined code for a given semantic, and that
tactic was in widespread use, and
(b) because 3066 and 1766 did not take into account the instability of th=
e
source standards, it was never clear which codes were in fact valid at an=
y
point in time for use in 3066 or 1766, so there was no guidance as to whi=
ch
code to use, or with what semantics.

However, because of the reuse of codes for unrelated entities by the sour=
ce
standards, we do have to impose some order in those cases where there is =
a
conflict. For that, we have had in the drafts the use of a cut-off date f=
or
deciding which semantic to use in case of a conflict, such as with 'CS'. =
 In
that particular case there is sufficient consensus to make that after the
redefinition of CS to mean "Serbia and Montenegro": a date of January 1 2=
005
would capture that consensus. It would be safest not to put it at date of
publication, simply because that take the risk (probably small, but
unfortunately real) that the source standards would redefine a code after
the draft has been discussed and approved, but before publication.


=E2=80=8EMark

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Sunday, March 20, 2005 22:48
Subject: [Ltru] Re: Populating the initial registry: Languages


> Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:
>
> >>> Step 2:  Deprecated ISO 639 codes
> >
> > How about a special rule "skip jw" ?  The normative references
> > are ISO 639-1:2002 and ISO 639-2:1998, that could justify to
> > omit an old typo fixed 1988 (?) or 2001 (?).
>
> If you don't mind, I'd like to phrase this as a question for the group,
> instead of simply continung to say "such-and-so could be done," which
> doesn't seem to generate any WG feedback.
>
> QUESTION:  Should the rules for populating the registry be changed to
> exclude ISO 639 codes deprecated before a certain date?  If so, what
> should that date be?
>
> PRO:  This might reduce user confusion, and would leave the door open
> for ISO 639 to reassign these codes (which they have never done).
>
> CON:  Many reference sources actually encouraged users to continue usin=
g
> the old codes 'in', 'iw', and 'he' for years after they were deprecated=
,
> on the basis that old software would be more likely to recognize the ol=
d
> codes.
>
> A side note: Please don't take the fact that I am presenting this issue
> as a question for the group as evidence that I support the idea.
>
> > Your second source (codechanges.html) says that it's currently
> > updated.  Apparently they forgot the "-" for a "-jw", but you
> > said that your script ignores the "-".
>
> Yes, they did forget the hyphen to indicate that "jw" is now deprecated.
>
> BTW, for those who found my e-mail message on this subject difficult to
> read, I've turned it into a Web page (including errata).  Eventually
> this will include steps to populate the entire registry.  I'm waiting
> for feedback on the language part before finishing the other parts.  Th=
e
> address is:
>
> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/init-registry.html
>
> -Doug Ewell
>  Fullerton, California
>  http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 21 13:34:01 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars, and Boontling
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> From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org]

> > Clarification: in ISO-speak: it is at Enquiry Draft stage.
>=20
> The ISO page on it says it's out for DIS ballot.  Is that wrong?

No; an Equiry Draft (actually, that's ISO/IEC-speak) is also know in ISO
as a DIS.


Peter Constable

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To: "randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>,
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From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
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Subject: [Ltru] we will produce another draft
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we decided to pursue on your suggestion and to produce another Draft for 
this WG-ltru.

1. please indicate which file name we should use. The draft will be 
produced by several WG-ltru Members. (I am not sure I will be among them)
2. we want to make sure this Draft supports the needs of the W3C and CDLR 
as expressed in the Addison Philips/Mark Davis' Draft. We count on their 
assistance.
3. we plan having an initial draft presented in two to three weeks.

We are interested in hearing about every proposition/need not documented in 
the current Draft.

Best regards.
jfc morfin
AFRAC, VP R&D
http://afrac.org
======================================================
Standardizing Tags for the Identification of Languages should not be a way
to standardize languages and to unify the world under a dominant culture.
======================================================
For your convenience:
RFC 3066: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt?number=3066
Draft: 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
======================================================
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
======================================================
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far as
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
======================================================
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978, should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
======================================================


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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John,=20

<a_light_note>I think this is a time where one should at least ask =
questions of the messenger, and perhaps consider less extreme forms of =
punitive actions</a_light_note> - please see:

http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/fetch/2000/2122/687806/ISO_TC_037_=
_Terminology_and_other_language_resources_.pdf?nodeid=3D1160801&vernum=3D=
0

The ISO NWIP was accepted in August 2004 - status apparently the same as =
639-5. Draft documents, including those written for CD, are part of the =
standards workflow. Such a document, when submitted, would undergo =
ballot by member bodies of TC 37. CD is a natural progression of a NWIP. =
The CD is being prepared in follow-up to the NWIP. If by "official =
status" you mean "it hasn't been voted on" then I agree, but your =
comment could also be interpreted that what she is writing has nothing =
whatsoever to do with this process.

639-5 appears to provide a structure in which to make sense of 639-3 - =
looking awfully like the structure of Ethnologue. 639-5 will also fish =
the alpha3 pool. A draft (CD perhaps) of 639-5 contains a list of these =
alpha3s. Whether this list is included in the final document is not =
clear. Currently the alpha3 list of -3 will not be in the published =
standard as I understand it (Peter Constable should be able to confirm =
whether this position has changed). General principles and groups of =
languages may be irrelevant to 3066bis, but eventually - in some =
none-too-distant future one suspects - smart matching will also have to =
take into account the specialisation/generalisation relationships as =
composed by these 2 - which is somewhat orthogonal to current 3066 =
"tag-dropping" practice. Additionally, the general principles will form =
a mechanism for integration with other ISO 11179-3 metadata registries =
such as those under development in other subcommittees of TC 37. -4 as =
currently perceived will be something like a "Language Description =
Framework", echoing principles applied in development of ISO 16642 (/ISO =
12620 revision) to language codes. The terminology model (language =
[concept], language naming section [language section], language names =
[terms]) would, one hopes, provide a means for M. Morfin's thesaurus of =
language names, although not a fully-functional solution (OT - I've not =
yet understood if in having a .uk domain we can't include content in =
non-UK languages on a web-site. Perhaps I've missed the point here too).

At this point I should promote a related research activity =
http://portal.surrey.ac.uk/portal/page?_pageid=3D798,337934&_dad=3Dportal=
&_schema=3DPORTAL for which the  actual website is in development at =
INRIA.

Best Regards.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org=20
> [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
> Behalf Of John Cowan
> Sent: 21 March 2005 14:37
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
>=20
>=20
> Debbie Garside scripsit:
>=20
> > My interest is that I am currently writing a Committee=20
> Draft (CD) for the
> > proposed ISO 639-6 which covers language variation=20
> (written/spoken/signed)
> > and provides a meta-model for an object orientated Language=20
> Description
> > Framework (or language registry perhaps).=20
>=20
> I think it worth mentioning that there is no ISO 639-6 on the current
> programme of work of ISO TC 37 / SC 2.  (My reference in an earlier
> posting to ISO/IEC JTC 1 was a mistake, and should be disregarded.)
> So at the moment Debbie's draft has no official status with ISO.
>=20
> ISO 639-4 (general principles) and ISO 639-5 (codes for groups of
> languages) are in progress, but are irrelevant to RFC 3066bis.
>=20
> --=20
> How they ever reached any  conclusion at all   =20
> jcowan@reutershealth.com>
> is starkly unknowable to the human mind.       =20
> http://www.reutershealth.com
>         --"Backstage Lensman", Randall Garrett =20
> http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>=20

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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
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Hi -

> From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
> To: "randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>; "Martin Duerst" <duerst@w3.org>
> Cc: "ltRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Monday, March 21, 2005 6:26 PM
> Subject: we will produce another draft
>

> we decided to pursue on your suggestion and to produce another Draft for
> this WG-ltru.

This welcome news.  It's helpful to have specific text to discuss.

> 1. please indicate which file name we should use. The draft will be
> produced by several WG-ltru Members. (I am not sure I will be among them)
...

Since this would be an individual submission, the name will have the
form draft-AUTHOR-SUBJECT-00.txt where AUTHOR is the surname
of one of the authors, and SUBJECT has some mnemonic value.  For
details on this and other important considerations, please see

http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-guidelines.txt

When the draft has been posted, please forward the
accouncement to ltru@ietf.org.

Randy
ltru co-chair



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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L.Gillam <L dot Gillam at surrey dot ac dot uk> wrote:

> (OT - I've not yet understood if in having a .uk domain we can't
> include content in non-UK languages on a web-site. Perhaps I've
> missed the point here too).

As I keep saying:  Country codes used as ccTLDs have NOTHING to do with
country codes used in language tags.

Of course, you can post content on your site in any language you like.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> Sent: Saturday, March 19, 2005 5:57 AM


> Hi, so far en-Latn-US-boont not matching en-boont is one of my
> standard examples why I have a problem with 3066bis as it is.
>=20
> This could be solved later by a smarter matching strategy.  Or
> by subtags used in the order of their importance, something
> like en-boont-Latn-US would match en-boont with the normal RTL
> strategy.

A couple of comments.=20

First, you haven't defined what the "importance" metric is, and on the
surface it appears to be merely that e.g. "boont" is more important wrt
"en" than are "Latn" or "US" because there is a registered legacy tag
"en-boont". That alone is not a particularly insightful metric -- it is
based only on formal properties of the tags and nothing else. I think it
would be more useful to define a metric in terms of something like
desired functionality in particular scenarios.

Secondly, I think this example is not a particularly good one for what
you're evaluating since the qualifiers "Latn" and "US" would, in the
99.9% case be redundant / assumed and so would not be included in the
tag. It's far more useful to consider scenarios in which qualifying
subtags are reasonably likely to be used, as in cases such as e.g.
zh-Hans-HK. (If you want to use "en-Latn-US-boont" merely as an example
for sake of discussion, that's fine, provided we keep in mind those
considerations.)

Thirdly, no matter what the order of subtags, there will always be valid
scenarios in which left-prefix-based matching does not provide the
functionality you'd like. It's just an inherent limitation of that
approach to finding matches. (I pointed this out in 2001 when we were
discussing the request for de-1901 etc. tags.) The appropriate steps,
then, are (i) to identify what ordering of subtags provides the best
results generally for important or widely-used algorithms that have this
limitation, and (ii) to consider what alternative approaches to matching
might be possible. (Of course, hence this thread and work item.)

=20
> So the last chance is smart matching.  To be smart the matching
> algorithm needs some input...

Of course, one of the goals for the syntax proposed in the draft is to
narrow the set of possible tags from what was allowed under RFC 3066 in
a way that allows the type of each subtag always to be determined
without knowing what specific entity the subtag actually denotes or
refers to. Even if I don't know what specific script "Jpqx" referred to,
I know for certain that in "de-Jpqx" this subtag must refer to a script.



> So de-Latn-US-boot won't match de-boont, because boont is only
> registered for use with en.  Does that make any sense ?  If yes
> we need optional default scripts for languages, and maybe also
> default languages for all variants in the registry.  Bye, Frank

I think it makes sense. On the other hand, the practicality of
documenting default scripts for languages and other things of that ilk
is not obvious. Not long ago, there was a discussion regarding compiling
a list of valid language/country combinations, and one thing that
reinforced for me that such tasks are far from trivial undertakings.



Peter Constable

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John Cowan wrote:
 
> ISO 639-3 is basically Ethnologue with some of the codes
> changed for various reasons.

And where does it place YEC, de-yec, yi-yec, gem-yec, ... ?

RfC 3066 software seeing YEC as "de" content would be a PITA,
lust like en-boont as a part of "en".

                        Bye, Frank



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Mark Davis wrote:
 
> The safest and most robust policy is allow all codes that
> have ever been permitted by the source standards.

IBTD, a "get rid of old nonsense" strategy for a definition
of "old" = before RfC 1766 was published allows to capture
the _actual_ state of the relevant standards.

Nobody needs an old 639-typo like "jw" in the Internet, it's
a zombie like UNICODE-1-1-UTF-7 (yes, I got some mails with
this beast in 2003 and 2004)

> (a) because of the instability of such sources

True.  The tactic to get stability by a "frozen copy" is not
necessarily convincing, at least not for the region codes.

> we do have to impose some order in those cases where there
> is a conflict.

Or to accept the instability and offer a stable alternative:
3166-1 as it is before 3166-1 as it was (instable), stable
version UN M49 as it is or was.  3166-3 as guide to populate
some canonical values (in addition to UN M49).

> It would be safest not to put it at date of publication,
> simply because that take the risk (probably small, but
> unfortunately real) that the source standards would redefine
> a code after the draft has been discussed and approved, but
> before publication.

Then let's always take the state of the art at the date of
the creation of the future draft registry I-Ds based on the
future registry draft I-Ds.
                           Bye, Frank



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Debbie Garside wrote:

> consistency is also the name of the game... as it also
> assists the end user which is my primary focus.

I'm that end user, I use things like lang="en-GB-OED" or
xml:lang="de-CH-1996".  Not often, generally I prefer a
simple lang="en" or xml:lang="de".

No problem with RfC 3066 for the wrong reasons, but still
no problem is no problem, good enough for an end user.

Later with 3066bis I _could_ add -Latn everywhere.  Or I
could try a stunt like adding -Latn only in the xml:lang
but not in the lang, if XHTML allows it.  Probably it does
not allow it, but it's a very bad sign that I'd check this
before dropping the horrible idea.

> Should we perhaps be looking in even finer detail and at
> extensibility issues e.g.
> en-Character_Set-US

RfC 3066 and 3066bis are for the Internet (incl. WWW), and
there you generally have a charset defined elsewhere, not in
a language tag.

The worst cases I have on my pages are links to plain text
documents (actually scripts), and there I use something like:

href="kex/german.kex"
type="text/plain"
charset="PC-Multilingual-850+euro"

No hreflang= in this case because source and target are both
"en", and the hotspot text for a potential lang= is also "en".

I'm too lazy to find it now, but I'm sure that I have some
links with type=, charset=, lang=, and hreflag=.  That I don't
use xml:lang= in a body of XHTML documents is an idiosyncrasy.

There's a certain point where I think that Martin and his I18N
cohorts should leave me alone, a redundant xml:lang= is ugly,
I won't have it more than once per document.

> At least you would end up with something useful, forward
> looking and extendable... :-)

Where do you miss a charset in language tags ?  Bye, Frank



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Subject: [Ltru] Please drop illustrative use of 'en-boont'
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Hi,

Now that I finally know (thanks to John Cowan) what this 
'en-boont' is (a tag for a dead ultra-minor language), 
could RFC3066bis _please_ not use it at all in examples?

It seems to me that RFC3066bis should be readable and
understandable by someone who isn't a linguist.

Just a thought.

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

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To: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Please drop illustrative use of 'en-boont'
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McDonald, Ira scripsit:

> Now that I finally know (thanks to John Cowan) what this 
> 'en-boont' is (a tag for a dead ultra-minor language), 
> could RFC3066bis _please_ not use it at all in examples?

As I said, I agree that it's a bad case to reason from or to use
in the draft.

> It seems to me that RFC3066bis should be readable and
> understandable by someone who isn't a linguist.

In the nature of things, language variants tend to be little-known to
those who don't speak the language in question, and sometimes even if
they do.  Furthermore, most of them are politically controversial
to some degree, either for their names (BEV? AAVE? Ebonics?) or for
their mere existence.

-- 
John Cowan      http://www.ccil.org/~cowan      jcowan@reutershealth.com
Be yourself.  Especially do not feign a working knowledge of RDF where
no such knowledge exists.  Neither be cynical about RELAX NG; for in
the face of all aridity and disenchantment in the world of markup,
James Clark is as perennial as the grass.  --DeXiderata, Sean McGrath

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars, and Boontling
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Frank Ellermann scripsit:

> And where does [RFC 3066ter] place YEC,

"yec" is indeed the correct code for Yeniche in RFC 3066ter.

> de-yec,

Nobody uses "German" as a cover term to include both German and Yeniche.
Consequently, the tag "de" refers to modern standard German and its regional
variants (but not the German dialects proper, which have their own codes).

> yi-yec,

Nobody uses "Yiddish" as a cover term for "Yiddish and Yeniche" either.
However, "Yiddish" *is* used as a cover term for both Eastern Yiddish and
the nearly extinct Western Yiddish (formerly coterminous with German).
Consequently, RFC 3066ter would tag these yi-ydd and yi-yih respectively.
Of course, yi will still be usable when the distinction is unimportant.

> gem-yec,

gem is a 639-2 code for a language collection, the Germanic languages.
In current practice, it is only used when more specific 639-2 codes
fail to apply.  The expectation is that language-collection codes will
be rarely if ever used in RFC 3066ter practice.

> RfC 3066 software seeing YEC as "de" content would be a PITA,
> just like en-boont as a part of "en".

Indeed.

-- 
Go, and never darken my towels again!           John Cowan
        --Rufus T. Firefly                      www.ccil.org/~cowan

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L.Gillam scripsit:

> <a_light_note>I think this is a time where one should at least ask
> questions of the messenger, and perhaps consider less extreme forms
> of punitive actions</a_light_note> - please see:

I was merely reporting what the official ISO status page said.  No hostility
to anyone was intended or implied.

> http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/fetch/2000/2122/687806/ISO_TC_037__Terminology_and_other_language_resources_.pdf?nodeid=1160801&vernum=0

Thanks for this pointer.  This says that 639-3,4,5,6 are all at stage
20.00, meaning that they are part of the programme of work.  This is
clearly inaccurate for 639-3, which is elsewhere stated to be at 40.20
(DIS out for ballot).

> 639-5 appears to provide a structure in which to make sense of 639-3 -
> looking awfully like the structure of Ethnologue. 

I'm not surprised.

> General principles and groups of languages may be irrelevant to
> 3066bis, but eventually - in some none-too-distant future one
> suspects - smart matching will also have to take into account the
> specialisation/generalisation relationships as composed by these 2 -
> which is somewhat orthogonal to current 3066 "tag-dropping" practice.

I hope not.  The trouble with language collections is that if they are
defined extensionally (en+nl+de+yi+...) they may or may not reflect
anything real, and if they are defined intensionally ("Germanic language")
they are theory-dependent and are unstable, changing as linguistic theories
change.  (Granted, the Germanic family is quite stable, but this isn't
true in general.)

> At this point I should promote a related research activity
> http://portal.surrey.ac.uk/portal/page?_pageid=798,337934&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL
> for which the  actual website is in development at INRIA.

Hmm.  It would be nice to know what this is actually about.  :-)

-- 
John Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan
I come from under the hill, and under the hills and over the hills my paths
led. And through the air. I am he that walks unseen.  I am the clue-finder,
the web-cutter, the stinging fly. I was chosen for the lucky number.  --Bilbo

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John Cowan wrote:
 
> In the nature of things, language variants tend to be
> little-known to those who don't speak the language in
> question, and sometimes even if they do.

Maybe en-scouse is a better example.  Or no-bok for the
case of a now deprecated tag.

                         Bye, Frank



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Subject: [Ltru] extlang (was: [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars,
	and Boontling)
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John Cowan wrote:
 
> "yec" is indeed the correct code for Yeniche in RFC 3066ter.

Hm, you said that 639-3 codes are organized into about 50 (?)
639-1/2 "sets", and that 3066ter would use the 639-3 code as
an "extlang" together with the "set" as "language.  That's
why I'd expect something like ??-yec or ???-yec in 3066ter.

But now you're saying that 639-3 yec will be a language in
3066ter, where does that leave the reserved 3066bis "extlang" ?

Do you have an example where "extlang" is needed ?  Bye, Frank



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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> Sent: Saturday, March 19, 2005 8:09 PM

> Could we rename "recommended_prefix" to "associated_tag", or
> something in this direction ?  Then the 6th column of languages
> would be free for a pointer to a default script.

A couple of issues: it would not be a trivial task to populate that
field in a reasonably accurate way for all languages, and you'd need to
allow for cases in which a language is written in several scripts no one
of which has a greatest claim to being the default.


=20
> At the moment the draft says:
>=20
> | The "recommended_prefix" field is empty, except where the
> | type is "variant"
>=20
> That could be changed to e.g.
>=20
>   The "recommended_prefix" is generally empty.  In the case of
>   a "variant" it's often the recommended "language" prefix, but
>   could be also a language-script, language-script-region, or
>   language-region prefix.

That's an interesting suggestion worth some thought.

=20
>   For the type "language" this field can be used to define a
>   default "script" for the correspoding "laguage", and then the
>   resulting tag or prefix language-sript is NOT RECOMMENDED.

Ah! You'd use this to indicate a default script for cases in which there
is one that is predominant. A better suggestion than what I thought you
had in mind. Note, though, that there will be gray areas: 99.99% of all
en content is in the common Latin orthography rather than other writing
systems, such as IPA or Gregg Shorthand; it's clear we'd consider Latn
the default in such a case. What if the proportion were 95%? 90%? 85%?
...  What's the threshold at which we begin to assume a default?


> > Thus if you want to match "en-Latn-US-boont" with "en-boont",
> > it is enough to disassemble both tags and observe that all
> > the subtags in the second tag are also present in the first.
>=20
> That's IMFO not good enough.  If a client offers en-boont and
> en-misc (script "misc"), and the server has en-misc-US-boont,
> then the client should try en-misc, but not en-boont.
>=20
> Because "misc" is probably very important, if it's not "Latn"
> as in the default for en.
>=20
> > If "en-Latn-US-boont" is a match for "en-boont", then so is
> > "en-Ogam-MV-boont".
>=20
> Unless you have en-Ogam, then you need to know the default
> script for en (which isn't Ogam).

Hang on. It's unclear what you're comparing. You need to start
qualifying the argument structure here: you're comparing two tags: one
is the what is being requested, the other is the attribute of the
resource in the repository. You've got to specify which is which.

If the request is for "en-boont", then "en-Ogam" in the repository
should not be a match (except in a fallback situation, when you must
return something, haven't found a match and are looking for the best
available alternative -- e.g. software UI resource loading). That's not
because the script isn't Latn; it's because the request was specifically
for Boontling, and "en-Ogam" is not constrained to that.

If the request is for "en-boont", then ideally you'd want
"en-Latn-US-boont" (if that were actually used) in the repository to be
a match.



Peter Constable

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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

> IBTD, a "get rid of old nonsense" strategy for a definition
> of "old" = before RfC 1766 was published allows to capture
> the _actual_ state of the relevant standards.

Mark just told you that users continued to use the old codes 'in,' 'iw',
and 'ji' after they had been deprecated.  The fact that an ISO code is
deprecated does not mean everyone immediately stops using it.

> Nobody needs an old 639-typo like "jw" in the Internet, it's
> a zombie like UNICODE-1-1-UTF-7 (yes, I got some mails with
> this beast in 2003 and 2004)

Are you aware that 'jw' was not documented as an error by ISO 639 RA/JAC
until 2002?

>> (a) because of the instability of such sources
>
> True.  The tactic to get stability by a "frozen copy" is not
> necessarily convincing, at least not for the region codes.

Many of us are convinced.

>> we do have to impose some order in those cases where there
>> is a conflict.
>
> Or to accept the instability and offer a stable alternative:
> 3166-1 as it is before 3166-1 as it was (instable), stable
> version UN M49 as it is or was.  3166-3 as guide to populate
> some canonical values (in addition to UN M49).

Frank, please write a counterproposal.  I don't think it's accomplishing
anything to continue saying "Or we could totally change the way country
codes are handled" without a document that the WG can discuss.

>> It would be safest not to put it at date of publication,
>> simply because that take the risk (probably small, but
>> unfortunately real) that the source standards would redefine
>> a code after the draft has been discussed and approved, but
>> before publication.
>
> Then let's always take the state of the art at the date of
> the creation of the future draft registry I-Ds based on the
> future registry draft I-Ds.

Actually I like that idea.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Mar 22 11:54:47 2005
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Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2005 11:54:04 -0500
From: John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
To: Frank Ellermann <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] extlang (was: [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars,
	and Boontling)
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Frank Ellermann scripsit:

> Hm, you said that 639-3 codes are organized into about 50 (?)
> 639-1/2 "sets", and that 3066ter would use the 639-3 code as
> an "extlang" together with the "set" as "language.  That's
> why I'd expect something like ??-yec or ???-yec in 3066ter.

Ah, I see.  No, I said that about 350 of the nearly 7000 languages in
639-3 are included in about 50 macro-languages listed in ISO 639-1/2 as
well as 639-3 itself.  These will be coded in 3066ter using xx-yyy codes.
The remaining languages of 639-3 will be coded just like the languages
of 639-1/2, as a language appearing in both 639-2 and 639-3 will have
the same 3-alpha code in both parts.

> But now you're saying that 639-3 yec will be a language in
> 3066ter, where does that leave the reserved 3066bis "extlang" ?

The extlang syntax is solely for use with the 56 macro-languages.

> Do you have an example where "extlang" is needed ?  

For example, "ar" is an ISO 639-1/2 code meaning "Arabic".  639-3
interprets this code as a macro-language.  Normally, it refers to modern
standard Arabic, but it is also used as a cover term for 30 Arabic
languages ("dialects", "colloquials") listed in ISO 639-3.

In an RFC 3066ter regime, one could tag something as "ar" to say that
it was Arabic generally, or "ar-arb" to refer specifically to modern
standard Arabic, or "ar-arz" to refer to Egyptian Spoken Arabic, or
"ar-shu" to refer to Chadian Spoken Arabic (which is barely, if at all,
mutually intelligible with ar-arb).

(Note: the term "Spoken" in the names of these languages does not mean
that they are not or cannot be written, but simply that they are not
generally written in the countries named; ar-arb or another language
altogether is normally used for writing.)

Maltese, although linguistically it is just another Arabic colloquial,
does not function as one sociolinguistically -- nobody refers to it as
"Arabic" -- and in RFC 3066ter it would be coded as "mlt", its ISO
639-3 code.  No extlang code is required or permitted.

The various Chinese, Nahuatl, Zapotec, Quechua, Romany, Sardinian, and
Albanian languages are treated in exactly the same way.  Cantonese is
"zh-yue" rather than just "yue" because it is thought of as part of the
macro-language called ""Chinese; Dungan (which linguistically is just
a Mandarin dialect) is not, and so its code is "dng".

Likewise, the four main Sardinian languages are "sc-sdn" (Gallurese),
"sc-sdc" (Sassarese), "sc-src" (Logudorese), and "sc-sro" (Campidanese),
but Algherese is a dialect of Catalan, and coded as "ca", or "ca-alghero"
if someone finds the distinction important and registers "alghero".

-- 
John Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan  www.reutershealth.com
And now here I was, in a country where a right to say how the country should
be governed was restricted to six persons in each thousand of its population.
For the nine hundred and ninety-four to express dissatisfaction with the
regnant system and propose to change it, would have made the whole six
shudder as one man, it would have been so disloyal, so dishonorable, such
putrid black treason.  --Mark Twain's Connecticut Yankee

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Mar 22 12:25:48 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Please drop illustrative use of 'en-boont'
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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That's a good idea. Unless somebody objects I'll replace examples in the =
draft that use Boontling to use Scouse instead. It is a better example =
for the reasons John pointed out (although we don't have that many =
subtags to choose from).

Best Regards,

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> Sent: mardi 22 mars 2005 07:08
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: Please drop illustrative use of 'en-boont'
>=20
> John Cowan wrote:
>=20
> > In the nature of things, language variants tend to be
> > little-known to those who don't speak the language in
> > question, and sometimes even if they do.
>=20
> Maybe en-scouse is a better example.  Or no-bok for the
> case of a now deprecated tag.
>=20
>                          Bye, Frank
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
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        "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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> > At the moment the draft says:
> >
> > | The "recommended_prefix" field is empty, except where the
> > | type is "variant"
> >
> > That could be changed to e.g.
> >
> >   The "recommended_prefix" is generally empty.  In the case of
> >   a "variant" it's often the recommended "language" prefix, but
> >   could be also a language-script, language-script-region, or
> >   language-region prefix.
>=20
> That's an interesting suggestion worth some thought.

Um...that's what it does say, except that the draft doesn't say what =
Frank says it says. It actually says:

<quote>
The field 'recommended prefix' is for use with registered variants and =
contains a semicolon separated list of language-ranges considered most =
appropriate for use with this subtag. Additional values can be added to =
this field for variants only via additional registration. Other =
modification of this field (such as removing or changing values) is not =
permitted.
</quote>

A language range is defined to allow inclusion of all of the examples =
Frank gives. We can (and should) remove the restriction to registered =
variants in the text.

Another way to accomplish what I think Frank is suggesting is to provide =
a canonical mapping section in the registry. We could create specific =
"range" entries with canonical mappings in this manner:


canonical | en-Latn | English written in Latin Script | en | | # use =
'en' prefix, not en-Latn

If users feel strongly about certain combinations they could register =
them. Rules would have to be created to prevent abuse (for example, you =
couldn't create mappings that create ambiguity, such as mapping both =
zh-Hant and zh-Hans to zh). Note that these canonical mappings would be =
informational in nature. Tags such as en-Latn-US would still be =
well-formed and valid. This would merely allow tag processors in =
possession of the registry to ignore the subtag Latn when matching the =
tag (by canonicalizing the tag to en-US before matching).

Best Regards,

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

>=20
>=20
> >   For the type "language" this field can be used to define a
> >   default "script" for the correspoding "laguage", and then the
> >   resulting tag or prefix language-sript is NOT RECOMMENDED.
>=20
> Ah! You'd use this to indicate a default script for cases in which =
there
> is one that is predominant. A better suggestion than what I thought =
you
> had in mind. Note, though, that there will be gray areas: 99.99% of =
all
> en content is in the common Latin orthography rather than other =
writing
> systems, such as IPA or Gregg Shorthand; it's clear we'd consider Latn
> the default in such a case. What if the proportion were 95%? 90%? 85%?
> ...  What's the threshold at which we begin to assume a default?
>=20
>=20
> > > Thus if you want to match "en-Latn-US-boont" with "en-boont",
> > > it is enough to disassemble both tags and observe that all
> > > the subtags in the second tag are also present in the first.
> >
> > That's IMFO not good enough.  If a client offers en-boont and
> > en-misc (script "misc"), and the server has en-misc-US-boont,
> > then the client should try en-misc, but not en-boont.
> >
> > Because "misc" is probably very important, if it's not "Latn"
> > as in the default for en.
> >
> > > If "en-Latn-US-boont" is a match for "en-boont", then so is
> > > "en-Ogam-MV-boont".
> >
> > Unless you have en-Ogam, then you need to know the default
> > script for en (which isn't Ogam).
>=20
> Hang on. It's unclear what you're comparing. You need to start
> qualifying the argument structure here: you're comparing two tags: one
> is the what is being requested, the other is the attribute of the
> resource in the repository. You've got to specify which is which.
>=20
> If the request is for "en-boont", then "en-Ogam" in the repository
> should not be a match (except in a fallback situation, when you must
> return something, haven't found a match and are looking for the best
> available alternative -- e.g. software UI resource loading). That's =
not
> because the script isn't Latn; it's because the request was =
specifically
> for Boontling, and "en-Ogam" is not constrained to that.
>=20
> If the request is for "en-boont", then ideally you'd want
> "en-Latn-US-boont" (if that were actually used) in the repository to =
be
> a match.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Peter Constable
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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On 10:15 22/03/2005, L.Gillam said:
> > Of course, you can post content on your site in any language you like.

Just beware that this may change with the IDNs. Registrations are subject 
to the TLD Manager terms and conditions. The same ICANN imposes conditions 
on specialized TLDs. There is interest by some ccTLD to require that the 
language of the IDN be used on the sites, by respect to the users.
jfc  


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To: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>,
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References: <634978A7DF025A40BFEF33EB191E13BC0AB823BF@irvmbxw01.quest.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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Some languages are customarily written in multiple scripts, while others =
are
customarily written in a single script. In the case of English, the
overwhelming majority of English text is written with Latin, just as the
overwhelming majority of Arabic is written in the Arabic script. But ther=
e
are, of course, documents that do have ar-Latn, such as certain books
teaching Arabic. So to *always* map ar to ar-Arab is a mistake. And it ge=
ts
fuzzier for cases like Serbian, where while the predominant case of sr is
sr-Cyrl, but there are significant amounts of sr-Latn.

It really depends on what the matching process is *for*. There are differ=
ent
usages of language tags that may have different matching strategies. For
example:

1. Matching. Use of 'sr' says that you want to match Serbian of
whatever form: doesn't depend on the country, doesn't depend on the scrip=
t.
Use of, say, 'sr-Latn-IT' means that you want Serbian, but limited to
Latin script, and as used in Italy. If I want to have a document query, t=
hen
I could use one of the above to restrict the documents that match my quer=
y.
I could get back 1000 documents or none, according to what database of
documents I am searching and how restrictive my query is. I can also
probably structure queries with more capabilities, such as (sr AND (Latn =
OR
Cyrl)) OR (ru-Cyrl))

2. Lookup. When you lookup language data, for example, for display on a w=
eb
page, it is a different process. You typically don't have the choice of
displaying nothing if there is not an exact match. Instead, you fall back.
If you don't have data exactly matching 'sr-Latn-IT', you fallback to dat=
a
for 'sr-Latn'. If you don't have that either, you fallback to data for 's=
r'.
Now, whatever data contents someone has associated with 'sr', it has to b=
e a
single consistent type of data, so it will be in one of 'Latn' or 'Cyrl'.

Similarly, American English may be used in data associated with en for
lookup purposes. Any distinctions according to country would be stored
separately in an 'en-AU', 'en-CA', 'en-IE', etc., and if available, would=
 be
found in a lookup. But if someone came in with 'en-JP', and there was no
separate data source for that, it would fall back to the data associated
with 'en', which would be American English.

Thus, I think it may be reasonable, in support of lookup fallback
strategies, to have a table of data designed for "default" lookup fallbac=
k,
structured along something like the following lines:

fallback | en | en-Latn
fallback | sr | sr-Cyrl
fallback | pt | pt-BR pt-Latn-BR

However, to me this is information that is much more closely associated w=
ith
matching than with the structure of language tags, and thus should be
discussed and elaborated in the context of the matching document, when we
start work on that.

=E2=80=8EMark

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>; "Frank Ellermann"
<nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>; <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, March 22, 2005 09:47
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching


> > At the moment the draft says:
> >
> > | The "recommended_prefix" field is empty, except where the
> > | type is "variant"
> >
> > That could be changed to e.g.
> >
> >   The "recommended_prefix" is generally empty.  In the case of
> >   a "variant" it's often the recommended "language" prefix, but
> >   could be also a language-script, language-script-region, or
> >   language-region prefix.
>
> That's an interesting suggestion worth some thought.

Um...that's what it does say, except that the draft doesn't say what Fran=
k
says it says. It actually says:

<quote>
The field 'recommended prefix' is for use with registered variants and
contains a semicolon separated list of language-ranges considered most
appropriate for use with this subtag. Additional values can be added to t=
his
field for variants only via additional registration. Other modification o=
f
this field (such as removing or changing values) is not permitted.
</quote>

A language range is defined to allow inclusion of all of the examples Fra=
nk
gives. We can (and should) remove the restriction to registered variants =
in
the text.

Another way to accomplish what I think Frank is suggesting is to provide =
a
canonical mapping section in the registry. We could create specific "rang=
e"
entries with canonical mappings in this manner:


canonical | en-Latn | English written in Latin Script | en | | # use 'en'
prefix, not en-Latn

If users feel strongly about certain combinations they could register the=
m.
Rules would have to be created to prevent abuse (for example, you couldn'=
t
create mappings that create ambiguity, such as mapping both zh-Hant and
zh-Hans to zh). Note that these canonical mappings would be informational=
 in
nature. Tags such as en-Latn-US would still be well-formed and valid. Thi=
s
would merely allow tag processors in possession of the registry to ignore
the subtag Latn when matching the tag (by canonicalizing the tag to en-US
before matching).

Best Regards,

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

>
>
> >   For the type "language" this field can be used to define a
> >   default "script" for the correspoding "laguage", and then the
> >   resulting tag or prefix language-sript is NOT RECOMMENDED.
>
> Ah! You'd use this to indicate a default script for cases in which ther=
e
> is one that is predominant. A better suggestion than what I thought you
> had in mind. Note, though, that there will be gray areas: 99.99% of all
> en content is in the common Latin orthography rather than other writing
> systems, such as IPA or Gregg Shorthand; it's clear we'd consider Latn
> the default in such a case. What if the proportion were 95%? 90%? 85%?
> ...  What's the threshold at which we begin to assume a default?
>
>
> > > Thus if you want to match "en-Latn-US-boont" with "en-boont",
> > > it is enough to disassemble both tags and observe that all
> > > the subtags in the second tag are also present in the first.
> >
> > That's IMFO not good enough.  If a client offers en-boont and
> > en-misc (script "misc"), and the server has en-misc-US-boont,
> > then the client should try en-misc, but not en-boont.
> >
> > Because "misc" is probably very important, if it's not "Latn"
> > as in the default for en.
> >
> > > If "en-Latn-US-boont" is a match for "en-boont", then so is
> > > "en-Ogam-MV-boont".
> >
> > Unless you have en-Ogam, then you need to know the default
> > script for en (which isn't Ogam).
>
> Hang on. It's unclear what you're comparing. You need to start
> qualifying the argument structure here: you're comparing two tags: one
> is the what is being requested, the other is the attribute of the
> resource in the repository. You've got to specify which is which.
>
> If the request is for "en-boont", then "en-Ogam" in the repository
> should not be a match (except in a fallback situation, when you must
> return something, haven't found a match and are looking for the best
> available alternative -- e.g. software UI resource loading). That's not
> because the script isn't Latn; it's because the request was specificall=
y
> for Boontling, and "en-Ogam" is not constrained to that.
>
> If the request is for "en-boont", then ideally you'd want
> "en-Latn-US-boont" (if that were actually used) in the repository to be
> a match.
>
>
>
> Peter Constable
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
To: "Martin Duerst" <duerst@w3.org>, <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2005 13:38:20 -0800
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: [Ltru] Getting back on track
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The discussion has meandered around a bit: I'd like to see us get back on
track. Here is how I suggest we proceed.

Within the next week, anyone who has any issues with the text of the curr=
ent
draft does the following:

a. Composes a separate message on each issue, with a meaningful title.
b. Suggests exact replacement text, with clear instructions on where to m=
ake
the change.
c. Describes the pros and cons of making the change.

We review by email each request. If there is consensus for if, then we
record that. If not, we leave it alone. Once we have processed all the
issues, we issue a new draft that incorporates all the changes. We circul=
ate
that, and if there are no problems with the incorporation of all the
changes, then we advance the document.

=E2=80=8EMark


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Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2005 23:15:51 +0100
To: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Getting back on track
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On 22:38 22/03/2005, Mark Davis said:
>The discussion has meandered around a bit: I'd like to see us get back on
>track. Here is how I suggest we proceed.

>Within the next week, anyone who has any issues with the text of the current
>draft does the following:
>
>a. Composes a separate message on each issue, with a meaningful title.
>b. Suggests exact replacement text, with clear instructions on where to make
>the change.
>c. Describes the pros and cons of making the change.
>
>We review by email each request. If there is consensus for if, then we
>record that. If not, we leave it alone. Once we have processed all the
>issues, we issue a new draft that incorporates all the changes. We circulate
>that, and if there are no problems with the incorporation of all the
>changes, then we advance the document.

As indicated we will not be in a position to issue a draft before at least 
two weeks. It will certainly substantially differ from the current draft. 
And will probably be amended during its further international review. But 
the support of your propositions should be as much possible included in it. 
So this schedule seems OK if the Chairs agree. We should have your elements 
in time.

I have however two missing information:
- when do you/Addison intend to comment the inputs he required from me, so 
I can organize our schedule?
- we have discussed nothing on the CLDR aspect. You are the best suited to 
tell us what are the requirements of the CLDR project in the RFC 3066 
context and how we can best address them? I am also obviously concerned 
about the copyright issue as the RFC should indicate that the CLDR is 
public domain. Or we would have to investigate a public domain alternative.

Thank you for your cooperation.
jfc

======================================================
Standardizing Tags for the Identification of Languages should not be a way
to standardize languages and to unify the world under a dominant culture.
======================================================
For your convenience:
RFC 3066: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt?number=3066
Draft: 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
======================================================
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
======================================================
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far as
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
======================================================
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978, should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
======================================================


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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At 22:25 22/03/2005, Mark Davis wrote:
>It really depends on what the matching process is *for*. There are different
>usages of language tags that may have different matching strategies. For
>example:

Is that not a good documentation of the reason why we need a semantic 
rather than a single universal format?
jfc


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Getting back on track
Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2005 15:37:24 -0800
Message-ID: <634978A7DF025A40BFEF33EB191E13BC0AB82644@irvmbxw01.quest.com>
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Getting back on track
Thread-Index: AcUvLYAW9jymUYs9Qe2u7FyoevHDNwACPw0w
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>,
        "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
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JFC,

You have not presented a list of comments about the current draft. =
Neither have you proposed an alternate design. Why should the WG wait =
for many weeks while you write an individual submission Internet-Draft =
if you can't be bothered to debate the existing design or propose a new =
design?

You'll note that before Mark and I wrote the very first draft of what is =
today the registry document we discussed the design in public. In my =
opinion, you should do the same thing. If there is a consensus favoring =
your design, then it can be incorporated into the working group's draft =
as appropriate.

With regard to your question about my schedule: how about 'never'? I =
don't have time to help you write your document. I'm busy editing the =
official draft and engaging in necessary debate on this list. If you =
want to write a document, you're on your own. Both Mark and I have =
numerous publicly available documents describing our view of the =
requirements and our intentions. No doubt if we have objections to your =
proposal we will enumerate them in the proper way and at the proper =
time.

With regard to CLDR, which is really Mark's area rather than mine, I =
will note that the current registry draft has *no* dependency on CLDR, =
nor should it. Copyright issues in your individual submission are your =
problem, although I can't imagine any that would arise from referencing =
an external standard.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of JFC (Jefsey) Morfin
> Sent: mardi 22 mars 2005 14:16
> To: Mark Davis
> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Getting back on track
>=20
> On 22:38 22/03/2005, Mark Davis said:
> >The discussion has meandered around a bit: I'd like to see us get =
back on
> >track. Here is how I suggest we proceed.
>=20
> >Within the next week, anyone who has any issues with the text of the
> current
> >draft does the following:
> >
> >a. Composes a separate message on each issue, with a meaningful =
title.
> >b. Suggests exact replacement text, with clear instructions on where =
to
> make
> >the change.
> >c. Describes the pros and cons of making the change.
> >
> >We review by email each request. If there is consensus for if, then =
we
> >record that. If not, we leave it alone. Once we have processed all =
the
> >issues, we issue a new draft that incorporates all the changes. We
> circulate
> >that, and if there are no problems with the incorporation of all the
> >changes, then we advance the document.
>=20
> As indicated we will not be in a position to issue a draft before at =
least
> two weeks. It will certainly substantially differ from the current =
draft.
> And will probably be amended during its further international review. =
But
> the support of your propositions should be as much possible included =
in it.
> So this schedule seems OK if the Chairs agree. We should have your
> elements
> in time.
>=20
> I have however two missing information:
> - when do you/Addison intend to comment the inputs he required from =
me, so
> I can organize our schedule?
> - we have discussed nothing on the CLDR aspect. You are the best =
suited to
> tell us what are the requirements of the CLDR project in the RFC 3066
> context and how we can best address them? I am also obviously =
concerned
> about the copyright issue as the RFC should indicate that the CLDR is
> public domain. Or we would have to investigate a public domain =
alternative.
>=20
> Thank you for your cooperation.
> jfc
>=20
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D
> Standardizing Tags for the Identification of Languages should not be a =
way
> to standardize languages and to unify the world under a dominant =
culture.
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D
> For your convenience:
> RFC 3066: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt?number=3D3066
> Draft: 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-
> 00.txt
> Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
> gmane: http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
> If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF =
process:
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D
> Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
> what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
>   as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
>   the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
> entities should be and should not be on that list."
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D
> Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing =
the
> same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
> or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
> same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
> Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as =
far as
> possible, without of course using this argument to reject =
improvements."
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D
> It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978, should
> apply to languages and to ISO 693.
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@lists.ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
To: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>,
        "JFC \(Jefsey\) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
References: <634978A7DF025A40BFEF33EB191E13BC0AB82644@irvmbxw01.quest.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Getting back on track
Date: Tue, 22 Mar 2005 17:30:20 -0800
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I agree entirely with what Addison said, and want to emphasize that none =
of
this has any dependence on CLDR whatsoever.

Addison and I have been working on the current draft for quite a while, a=
nd
have benefited from feedback from a wide variety of people. If you want t=
o
write your own document, you are of course free to, but I have the feelin=
g
that the direction that you are headed is far outside of the scope of the
current working group's charter. He and I will be focusing on comments on
the current draft.

=E2=80=8EMark

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>; "Mark Davis"
<mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
Cc: <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, March 22, 2005 15:37
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Getting back on track


JFC,

You have not presented a list of comments about the current draft. Neithe=
r
have you proposed an alternate design. Why should the WG wait for many we=
eks
while you write an individual submission Internet-Draft if you can't be
bothered to debate the existing design or propose a new design?

You'll note that before Mark and I wrote the very first draft of what is
today the registry document we discussed the design in public. In my
opinion, you should do the same thing. If there is a consensus favoring y=
our
design, then it can be incorporated into the working group's draft as
appropriate.

With regard to your question about my schedule: how about 'never'? I don'=
t
have time to help you write your document. I'm busy editing the official
draft and engaging in necessary debate on this list. If you want to write=
 a
document, you're on your own. Both Mark and I have numerous publicly
available documents describing our view of the requirements and our
intentions. No doubt if we have objections to your proposal we will
enumerate them in the proper way and at the proper time.

With regard to CLDR, which is really Mark's area rather than mine, I will
note that the current registry draft has *no* dependency on CLDR, nor sho=
uld
it. Copyright issues in your individual submission are your problem,
although I can't imagine any that would arise from referencing an externa=
l
standard.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of JFC (Jefsey) Morfin
> Sent: mardi 22 mars 2005 14:16
> To: Mark Davis
> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Getting back on track
>
> On 22:38 22/03/2005, Mark Davis said:
> >The discussion has meandered around a bit: I'd like to see us get back=
 on
> >track. Here is how I suggest we proceed.
>
> >Within the next week, anyone who has any issues with the text of the
> current
> >draft does the following:
> >
> >a. Composes a separate message on each issue, with a meaningful title.
> >b. Suggests exact replacement text, with clear instructions on where t=
o
> make
> >the change.
> >c. Describes the pros and cons of making the change.
> >
> >We review by email each request. If there is consensus for if, then we
> >record that. If not, we leave it alone. Once we have processed all the
> >issues, we issue a new draft that incorporates all the changes. We
> circulate
> >that, and if there are no problems with the incorporation of all the
> >changes, then we advance the document.
>
> As indicated we will not be in a position to issue a draft before at le=
ast
> two weeks. It will certainly substantially differ from the current draf=
t.
> And will probably be amended during its further international review. B=
ut
> the support of your propositions should be as much possible included in
it.
> So this schedule seems OK if the Chairs agree. We should have your
> elements
> in time.
>
> I have however two missing information:
> - when do you/Addison intend to comment the inputs he required from me,=
 so
> I can organize our schedule?
> - we have discussed nothing on the CLDR aspect. You are the best suited=
 to
> tell us what are the requirements of the CLDR project in the RFC 3066
> context and how we can best address them? I am also obviously concerned
> about the copyright issue as the RFC should indicate that the CLDR is
> public domain. Or we would have to investigate a public domain
alternative.
>
> Thank you for your cooperation.
> jfc
>
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> Standardizing Tags for the Identification of Languages should not be a =
way
> to standardize languages and to unify the world under a dominant cultur=
e.
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> For your convenience:
> RFC 3066: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt?number=3D3066
> Draft: http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-
> 00.txt
> Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
> gmane: http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
> If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF proce=
ss:
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
> what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
>   as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
>   the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
> entities should be and should not be on that list."
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
> same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
> or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
> same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
> Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far=
 as
> possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements.=
"
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978, should
> apply to languages and to ISO 693.
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
>
>
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Debbie Garside


> My point is... if the information on variant subtag is available, use
it...
> even though you may not need it for your own purpose.  This is what I
see
> as
> facilitating, in particular, the semantic web, knowledge management,
> archiving and search/query routines.  RFC 3066bis seems intent on
making
> tags as small as possible (am I wrong? Just my perception), whereas I
for
> my
> purposes, always want as much information as possible, split into the
> tiniest of pieces, I can then include/exclude/use/concatenate in any
way
> required.

There's validity to this point: you can't reliably infer information
that isn't there, so if an item is tagged in a way that doesn't specify
all the relevant attributes that are known, then anybody making use of
that metadata later will not be able to benefit from the knowledge that
existed but was not recorded and therefore lost.

Putting it another way, you can't query using finer distinctions than
exist in the data.

This has to be applied within a given context, however. For instance, if
a library in Thailand is serving primarily a Thai-speaking population
and somehow happens to have a dozen items in various South American
Indian languages, they could tag the items down to dialects of
particular villages, but it would likely be costly for them to do that
and there would be a limited expectation of realized benefit for that
expense. For them, tagging the language of those items in a non-granular
way such as "sai" is adequate for their purposes.

If attributes for an item are already known / inexpensive to determine,
then in general it shouldn't hurt to specify more than may be needed for
immediate purposes -- provided the system within which the info is being
used can accommodate the extra details without adding to the cost of
developing or maintaining the system and without hindering the required
functionality.=20

I.e., if it doesn't cost to use a more specific tag, you might as well
use it, as you may not be able to anticipate when that knowledge about a
given item will provide to be useful (and if that knowledge turns out to
be needed later, it will likely be costly to rediscover that knowledge).


Peter Constable

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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann


> For Unicode mentioning the script makes sense, but for 8bit-
> charsets it should be implicit, excl. transliterations for
> the moment.

But keep in mind that if there is any possibility of the encoding of an
item being converted at any point between sender and receiver, then the
knowledge inherent in the original charset ID could be lost. If someone
sends a message to an online group using Big5 and the message gets
converted to Unicode when sent to some or all group members, then those
recipients don't benefit from whatever knowledge would be conveyed by
the fact that the data had originally been encded in Big5.


> That's why I want default scripts and a SHOULD NOT for cases
> like en-Latn-*.  The recommendation to tag wisely is a waste
> of time for software, it can't think.

I think these are valid ideas. (But then I would, having written about
the significance of default script in a paper a few years back.)



Peter Constable

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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann


> Yes.  Out of curiosity, what's the idea of ISO 639-3 for the
> reserved "extlang" ?

This was my idea, which arose as a result of a convergence between a
couple of issues I was facing.=20

In preparing to work on ISO 639-3, my colleague, Gary Simons, and I had
to figure out how an ID like "zh" should relate to a collection of IDs
for specific languages such as Mandarin, Cantonese, etc. Initially, we
adopted a set of principles for mapping every item in ISO 639-1/-2 to
entries in the Ethnologue. Using those principles, we probably would
have said that "zh" denotes specifically Mandarin, it being the most
developed of the Chinese languages. But then on reflecting on the tags
already registered under RFC 3066, I realized this would be a problem as
there already were tags "zh-yue" etc. that applied "zh" in a tag for
things other than Mandarin. At that point, my choice was to force a
deprecation of  the "zh-yue" etc. tags, or to accept that "zh" means
something broader than one individual language.

There were other cases in which a similar struggle between IDs for
specific languages versus IDs being used more broadly seemed to exist.
This led me, while preparing ISO/CD 639-3 to add an additional level of
scope for language IDs, which I called "macrolanguage". (Not my proudest
act of naming, but I still can't think of anything better.)

The point of macrolanguage IDs is that they de facto are used in ways
that encompass multiple varieties that, for other purposes, would be
considered distinct individual languages. To put another angle on it,
macrolanguage categories are part of the folk taxonomy that people
actually use every day that don't correspond to the categories that a
linguist would otherwise identify.

Now, coming back to the "zh-yue" tags, I noticed that several of these
had a second subtag of three letters, and it occurred to me that, if
there were way that these could be made redundant under a revised
language tagging spec rather than grandfathered, that that might be
beneficial.

I also had to think about what to do with ISO 639-3 IDs for things like
Cantonese, or like Northern Frisian, at a point at which ISO 639-3 were
integrated into a revised language tag RFC: if someone wants to use an
ISO 639-3 alpha-3 tag to identify the content specifically as Northern
Frisian, but we've already got content being tagged using "fy" for
'Frisian' (without further qualification), then how do you do that in a
way that lends itself to interoperability?=20

The obvious answer is that you do what's already done for Cantonese
(using a registered tag): you combine the macrolanguage ID "fy" with the
individual-language ID "frr" to create a composite tag "fy-frr",
analogous to "zh-yue". That way you can tag an items specifically as
Frisian and people can request at that level of granularity, but you
will still be able to provide a match for the more likely requests for
generic 'Frisian' using "fy".


I'll leave it at that for the moment.


Peter Constable

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Mark Davis <mark dot davis at jtcsv dot com> wrote:

> 1. Matching. Use of 'sr' says that you want to match Serbian of
> whatever form: doesn't depend on the country, doesn't depend on the
> script. Use of, say, 'sr-Latn-IT' means that you want Serbian, but
> limited to Latin script, and as used in Italy.

Fine so far.

> 2. Lookup. When you lookup language data, for example, for display on
> a web page, it is a different process. You typically don't have the
> choice of displaying nothing if there is not an exact match. Instead,
> you fall back. If you don't have data exactly matching 'sr-Latn-IT',
> you fallback to data for 'sr-Latn'. If you don't have that either, you
> fallback to data for 'sr'. Now, whatever data contents someone has
> associated with 'sr', it has to be a single consistent type of data,
> so it will be in one of 'Latn' or 'Cyrl'.

But this is just prefix matching.  Falling back from "sr-Latn-IT" to
"sr-Latn" to "sr" doesn't require us or anyone else to define a default
script for Serbian.  And when we get to "sr" and finally find a match,
we have whatever resources we have.  They might be either Latin or
Cyrillic.  The choice won't depend on which script someone decided was
the default.

> Similarly, American English may be used in data associated with en for
> lookup purposes. Any distinctions according to country would be stored
> separately in an 'en-AU', 'en-CA', 'en-IE', etc., and if available,
> would be found in a lookup. But if someone came in with 'en-JP', and
> there was no separate data source for that, it would fall back to the
> data associated with 'en', which would be American English.

Not if the content provider is in Australia or Canada or Ireland.  Their
data will be in their own flavor of English, which is what they would
logically call "en".

> Thus, I think it may be reasonable, in support of lookup fallback
> strategies, to have a table of data designed for "default" lookup
> fallback, structured along something like the following lines:
>
> fallback | en | en-Latn
> fallback | sr | sr-Cyrl
> fallback | pt | pt-BR pt-Latn-BR

I really don't like the idea of this.  People will see it as a
recommendation or a Diktat that en "means" en-Latn, or (worse) that sr
"means" sr-Cyrl.

We've never gotten involved with second-guessing what people mean when
they write a certain language tag, or choosing one script or region as
"preferred" over another.  I see no reason to start doing so now.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Doug Ewell


> The RFC 3066bis generative syntax is a superset of the RFC 3066
> generative syntax.  It allows things to be generated that cannot be
> generated under RFC 3066.

This needs a little clarification:=20

RFC 3066 has a weak syntax that permits lots of strings; it sanctions a
small set of those, requiring others to be registered explicitly.

RFC3066bis has a stronger syntax that permits a much more restrictive
set of strings than does RFC 3066. On the other hand, it sanctions a
much larger portion of the strings its syntax permits, making the need
for registration (as well as the possibilities for registration) more
limited.


Peter Constable

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Subject: RE: [Ltru] [semi-OT] ISO 639-3, record-jars, and Boontling
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Randy Presuhn


> However, I wonder if the approach of mandating the use of the macro-
> language
> code in some, but not all, cases will make matching algorithms overly
> complicated.

ISO 639-3 will include normative mappings between macrolanguage IDs and
the individual-language IDs that they encompass. The availability of
those mappings should make it easier to get parsers and matchers to
handle this.


An important consideration, though, is how to deal with changes in ISO
639-3 such as the introduction of new macro-language IDs. (I don't know
that new macrolanguage IDs would ever be added, but I can't predict that
it will never happen.) Issues of that nature would need to be
incorporated into the text of whatever RFC were to incorporate ISO 639-3
and implement the extlang subtag.



Peter Constable

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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: [Ltru] Registry in record-jar format
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At least one person expressed some interest in seeing the draft /
proposed / sample registry in record-jar format, so here it is:

http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg-rj.txt

This has no official sanction or consensus; it's just there so people
can visualize it (which I guess is true for the other one as well).

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Doug Ewell


> If I request "de" content, say over the Web, I definitely want to
> receive content in both "de-1901" and "de-1996", not just one or the
> other.  However, if I request "zh" I may not be able to do anything
with
> "zh-hakka".

Of course, if you request "de" content, you might also get back content
that's German but written in various ways not useful to the user, such
as phonetic transcription, some kind of shorthand, or in Devanagari
script, say. That's not different from the "zh-hakka" example.


> If you declare 'Latn' to be the default script for 'en', and use that
> information to collapse the tag "en-Latn" to "en", then you remove the
> user's ability to get "en-Ogam" content unless she specifically
requests
> it.  This essentially says, "Since you requested English, I'll assume
> you can only read it in Latin script, and I won't send you English
> content in any other script."

If a user requests specifically "en-Ogam", that request should never be
reduced to "en" -- and I don't think Frank was suggesting that. The real
issue is whether a request for "en" should return content tagged
"en-Ogam". Existing left-prefix implementations would match, though a
"smarter" matching algorithm might of course work differently.

It is an issue to be considered. So is the reality that there's a ton of
data tagged "en" where that's assumed to mean "en-Latn".



Peter Constable

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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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Doug Ewell wrote:
 
> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg-rj.txt

Great, thanks, but we still need the normal RfC (2)822 folding
for a proper I-D e.g. in line 4068 (107 characters).  The idea
is to replace a space <SP> by <CrLf><SP>:

%%
Type: grandfathered
Subtag: zh-min-nan
Description: Minnan, Hokkien, Amoy, Taiwanese, Southern Min,
 Southern Fujian, Hoklo, Southern Fukien, Ho-lo
Date: 2001-03-26
%%

You could also use <CrLf><HT><SP> in these cases: 

%%
Type: grandfathered
Subtag: zh-min-nan
Description: Minnan, Hokkien, Amoy, Taiwanese, Southern Min,
	 Southern Fujian, Hoklo, Southern Fukien, Ho-lo
Date: 2001-03-26
%%

> This has no official sanction or consensus

As soon as it's an I-D it's an "official draft registry".

At the moment I'm more worried about the size of the future
registry for 7000+ languages, IANA is probably forced to split
it somehow on its Web pages.
                              Bye, Frank



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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann


> But not necessarily de-Brai, so there's definitely a problem.
> So far I thought that a "default script" would help, but now
> you confused me, is a "default script" actually worse ?

Well, there is an issue (one that has been pointed out in the past --
this isn't a new discovery, though it hasn't been heavily discussed
before now).

But it's hard to say the idea of a default script makes things worse
when that is effectively what gets used now -- "en" being used in
99.9999% of cases for English written using the common English alphabet
is effectively making "en" to be an alias for "en-Latn".

=20
> Assuming that it is worse, then we'd need Debbie's idea, we
> SHOULD say de-Latn in new content, and pray that all old pages
> are updated.  Hell, that's impossible, somewhere I lost it.

As long as that's impossible, then we can't say that the idea of
recognizing certain defaults is worse.


Peter Constable

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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of John Cowan


> I think it worth mentioning that there is no ISO 639-6 on the current
> programme of work of ISO TC 37 / SC 2.  (My reference in an earlier
> posting to ISO/IEC JTC 1 was a mistake, and should be disregarded.)
> So at the moment Debbie's draft has no official status with ISO.

Not so. There is an approved new work item for ISO 639-6, so Debbie is
indeed doing ISO TC 37/SC 2-sanctioned work. In terms of ISO stages, I'd
guess it's probably at stage 10.99 -- the project has been approved, but
it is not yet registered in the TC 37/SC 2 program of work (hasn't yet
shown up on the ISO site listed as a new project).

=20
> ISO 639-4 (general principles) and ISO 639-5 (codes for groups of
> languages) are in progress, but are irrelevant to RFC 3066bis.

I can't say for certain that ISO 639-4 would not have any relevance (it
may prove to have some relevance, or it may not); I'd agree though wrt
ISO 639-5, as I don't think we should allow additional collective IDs in
subtags (if anything, I'd restrict what we already allow).



Peter Constable

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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of L.Gillam


> <a_light_note>I think this is a time where one should at least ask
> questions of the messenger, and perhaps consider less extreme forms of
> punitive actions</a_light_note> - please see:
>=20
>
http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/fetch/2000/2122/687806/ISO_TC_037
__
> =
Terminology_and_other_language_resources_.pdf?nodeid=3D1160801&vernum=3D0=


Please note that this document is a little bit out of date. For
instance, "ISO NWIP 639-3", described as being at stage 20.00, should
actually be "ISO DIS 639-3", -- it is at stage 40.20.



Peter Constable

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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Debbie Garside

> I hate to throw a spanner in the works here but still on the subject
of
> detail... Exactly how much detail can be gleaned from a script code...
> Should we perhaps be looking in even finer detail and at extensibility
> issues e.g.
> en-Character_Set-US
> At least you would end up with something useful, forward looking and
> extendable... :-)

We definitely want extensibility in ways that have potential usefulness
for the future.

If by "Character_Set" you are suggesting that language tags should
include a "charset" component to indicate the character set encoding
used for the data, then I think that would not be a good idea: that's
not an attribute related to the linguistic content; it's an attribute of
the digital representation. The two should really be kept separate.



Peter Constable

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From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
To: "'Peter Constable'" <petercon@microsoft.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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Peter Constable wrote:

>We definitely want extensibility in ways that have potential usefulness
>for the future. 

Then surely there is a case for tagging down to the lowest level of variant
available/known... even though you may not need it now...  should this
become a rule?  It may help in future document retrieval/archival processes.

> If by "Character_Set" you are suggesting that language tags should include
>a "charset" component to indicate the character set encoding used for the
>data, then I think that would not be a good idea: that's not an attribute
>related to the linguistic content; it's an attribute of the digital
>representation. The two should really be kept separate.

My remark was a little "tongue in cheek" and in relation to my "detail
remark" as I am unsure of the use of script codes as they seem so broad...

Debbie

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Peter Constable
Sent: 23 March 2005 07:46
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching

> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Debbie Garside

> I hate to throw a spanner in the works here but still on the subject
of
> detail... Exactly how much detail can be gleaned from a script code...
> Should we perhaps be looking in even finer detail and at extensibility
> issues e.g.
> en-Character_Set-US
> At least you would end up with something useful, forward looking and
> extendable... :-)

We definitely want extensibility in ways that have potential usefulness
for the future.

If by "Character_Set" you are suggesting that language tags should
include a "charset" component to indicate the character set encoding
used for the data, then I think that would not be a good idea: that's
not an attribute related to the linguistic content; it's an attribute of
the digital representation. The two should really be kept separate.



Peter Constable

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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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> From: Debbie Garside [mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk]


> > If by "Character_Set" you are suggesting that language tags should
> include
> >a "charset" component to indicate the character set encoding used for
the
> >data, then I think that would not be a good idea: that's not an
attribute
> >related to the linguistic content; it's an attribute of the digital
> >representation. The two should really be kept separate.
>=20
> My remark was a little "tongue in cheek" and in relation to my "detail
> remark" as I am unsure of the use of script codes as they seem so
broad...

Ah! It's true, they are pretty broad, and that can be an issue. For
instance, I've been wondering for a while what the best way would be to
tag e.g. English content written in a Latin-base phonetic transcription,
such as IPA (IPA uses a few Greek characters but otherwise is
predominantly Latin), or other Latin-based systems for phonetic
transcription. "Latn" could in principle encompass any of these. What
would really be ideal would be a handy set of IDs for writing systems,
which would not far from IDs for inventories of characters -- for
character sets.

Unfortunately, we don't have any obvious candidate for such a set of
IDs, nor is it obvious that creating a set of such IDs in any
comprehensive way would really be practical.=20

Script IDs are practical, and if some flexibility is allowed for in
adding categories in the list of scripts, such as Hans and Hant, or Latf
and Latg, then that can go a long way toward our needs. It may not be
able to cover all cases of interest to users, though. (The recent
discussion of Greek on the other list explores the limits to which
script IDs can be stretched.)



Peter Constable

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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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Peter Constable wrote:

 ["associated_tag"]
> A couple of issues: it would not be a trivial task to
> populate that field in a reasonably accurate way for all
> languages

Yes, where it's not trivial don't try it.

> What if the proportion were 95%? 90%? 85%? ...  What's the
> threshold at which we begin to assume a default?

Anything below "99%" (defined as "almost all today") doesn't
qualify as an obvious or trivial default.   It could be still
hard to decide this for cases like sr, but OTOH the job of a
tag reviewer should be more than copying various ISO sources
into a communal IANA registry.  [[ That could be even an IPR
or copyright issue - IANAL but paranoid. ]]

 [en-Ogam-US-boont]
> If the request is for "en-boont", then "en-Ogam" in the
> repository should not be a match

Sure, the request was for en-Ogam-US-boont or en-Ogam-boont,
and the server offers only en-Ogam or en-boont.  Or it only
offers en-Ogam-US or en-US-boont - that's a better example,
because it challenges any simple matching strategy.

So should it "know" (assume) that en-boont is most probably
en-Latn-boont ?  If yes it needs a default.  But Doug found
queries where a default is misleading, and the best way to
bypass this problem is to add a script everywhere.  Which is
not the best solution for 3066-software, but OTOH potential
problems of 3066-software with en-boont are irrelevant.

If the alternative is "no default, add Latn everywhere", the
real problem with 3066 software are cases like en-GB, asking
for en-Latn-GB won't match en-GB with legacy software.

And vice versa, if I create a new document I'm trapped, either
I say en-Latn-GB or en-GB.  The former is a problem for legacy
software, the latter is vague for new software, could it mean
en-Ogam-GB ?
              Bye, Frank



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From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
To: "'Peter Constable'" <petercon@microsoft.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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Peter Constable wrote:

>Ah! It's true, they are pretty broad, and that can be an issue. For
>instance, I've been wondering for a while what the best way would be to tag
>e.g. English content written in a Latin-base phonetic transcription, such
>as IPA (IPA uses a few Greek characters but otherwise is predominantly
>Latin), or other Latin-based systems for phonetic transcription. "Latn"
>could in principle encompass any of these. What would really be ideal would
>be a handy set of IDs for writing systems, which would not far from IDs for
>inventories of characters -- for character sets.

>Unfortunately, we don't have any obvious candidate for such a set of IDs,
>nor is it obvious that creating a set of such IDs in any comprehensive way
>would really be practical. 

I agree...  but hopefully -6 will give the structure so that character sets,
at least, can be attached to language variants... should you so wish... 

>Script IDs are practical, and if some flexibility is allowed for in adding
>categories in the list of scripts, such as Hans and Hant, or Latf and Latg,
>then that can go a long way toward our needs. It may not be able to cover
>all cases of interest to users, though. (The recent discussion of Greek on
>the other list explores the limits to which script IDs can be stretched.)

Thank you for clarifying

Debbie

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Peter Constable
Sent: 23 March 2005 08:18
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching

> From: Debbie Garside [mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk]


> > If by "Character_Set" you are suggesting that language tags should
> include
> >a "charset" component to indicate the character set encoding used for
the
> >data, then I think that would not be a good idea: that's not an
attribute
> >related to the linguistic content; it's an attribute of the digital
> >representation. The two should really be kept separate.
> 
> My remark was a little "tongue in cheek" and in relation to my "detail
> remark" as I am unsure of the use of script codes as they seem so
broad...

Ah! It's true, they are pretty broad, and that can be an issue. For
instance, I've been wondering for a while what the best way would be to
tag e.g. English content written in a Latin-base phonetic transcription,
such as IPA (IPA uses a few Greek characters but otherwise is
predominantly Latin), or other Latin-based systems for phonetic
transcription. "Latn" could in principle encompass any of these. What
would really be ideal would be a handy set of IDs for writing systems,
which would not far from IDs for inventories of characters -- for
character sets.

Unfortunately, we don't have any obvious candidate for such a set of
IDs, nor is it obvious that creating a set of such IDs in any
comprehensive way would really be practical. 

Script IDs are practical, and if some flexibility is allowed for in
adding categories in the list of scripts, such as Hans and Hant, or Latf
and Latg, then that can go a long way toward our needs. It may not be
able to cover all cases of interest to users, though. (The recent
discussion of Greek on the other list explores the limits to which
script IDs can be stretched.)



Peter Constable

_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@lists.ietf.org
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Peter Constable wrote:

>Ah! It's true, they are pretty broad, and that can be an issue. For
>instance, I've been wondering for a while what the best way would be to tag
>e.g. English content written in a Latin-base phonetic transcription, such
>as IPA (IPA uses a few Greek characters but otherwise is predominantly
>Latin), or other Latin-based systems for phonetic transcription. "Latn"
>could in principle encompass any of these. What would really be ideal would
>be a handy set of IDs for writing systems, which would not far from IDs for
>inventories of characters -- for character sets.

>Unfortunately, we don't have any obvious candidate for such a set of IDs,
>nor is it obvious that creating a set of such IDs in any comprehensive way
>would really be practical. 

Debbie Garside wrote:

>I agree...  but hopefully -6 will give the structure so that character
>sets,at least, can be attached to language variants... should you so
>wish...

In fact, on reflection, it can be added as an object in the hierarchy of -6
with a hyperlink to the info... if required... although I am not sure I
personally have the time to develop this aspect... but it is conceivable

Debbie
 

>Script IDs are practical, and if some flexibility is allowed for in adding
>categories in the list of scripts, such as Hans and Hant, or Latf and Latg,
>then that can go a long way toward our needs. It may not be able to cover
>all cases of interest to users, though. (The recent discussion of Greek on
>the other list explores the limits to which script IDs can be stretched.)

Thank you for clarifying

Debbie

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Peter Constable
Sent: 23 March 2005 08:18
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching

> From: Debbie Garside [mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk]


> > If by "Character_Set" you are suggesting that language tags should
> include
> >a "charset" component to indicate the character set encoding used for
the
> >data, then I think that would not be a good idea: that's not an
attribute
> >related to the linguistic content; it's an attribute of the digital
> >representation. The two should really be kept separate.
> 
> My remark was a little "tongue in cheek" and in relation to my "detail
> remark" as I am unsure of the use of script codes as they seem so
broad...

Ah! It's true, they are pretty broad, and that can be an issue. For
instance, I've been wondering for a while what the best way would be to
tag e.g. English content written in a Latin-base phonetic transcription,
such as IPA (IPA uses a few Greek characters but otherwise is
predominantly Latin), or other Latin-based systems for phonetic
transcription. "Latn" could in principle encompass any of these. What
would really be ideal would be a handy set of IDs for writing systems,
which would not far from IDs for inventories of characters -- for
character sets.

Unfortunately, we don't have any obvious candidate for such a set of
IDs, nor is it obvious that creating a set of such IDs in any
comprehensive way would really be practical. 

Script IDs are practical, and if some flexibility is allowed for in
adding categories in the list of scripts, such as Hans and Hant, or Latf
and Latg, then that can go a long way toward our needs. It may not be
able to cover all cases of interest to users, though. (The recent
discussion of Greek on the other list explores the limits to which
script IDs can be stretched.)



Peter Constable

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Mar 23 04:20:24 2005
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Doug Ewell wrote:
 
> Are you aware that 'jw' was not documented as an error by
> ISO 639 RA/JAC until 2002?

No, it wasn't clear whether this was a typo fixed 1988 or a
typo fixed 2001, or maybe an old typo fixed long ago but now
officially documented.

The in, iw, etc. cases are different, they were no typos.

Actually it's not very important, do whatever you like, but
don't use it to justify FQ or RH later when we come to the
region codes. ;-)

> Frank, please write a counterproposal.  I don't think it's
> accomplishing anything to continue saying "Or we could
> totally change the way country codes are handled" without a
> document that the WG can discuss.

I've already done that using the worst case CS as an example
how it would work for a 3066bis-my-way introduced about 1989.
Addison added the 3066bis-your-way version for the same case.

IMHO these examples were clear, in a 3066bis-your-way all 
obsolete ISO 3166-1 codes are preserved using UN numbers for
some new regions, in a 3066-bis-my-way ISO 3166-1 is used as
is, if somebody wants a stable tag (guaranteed for centuries) 
he's forced to use UN numbers instead of ISO 3166-1.

>> let's always take the state of the art at the date of
>> the creation of the future draft registry I-Ds based on
>> the future registry draft I-Ds.
 
> Actually I like that idea.

Let's hope that "they" don't deprecate any country code while
we are desperately trying to find a compromise.  We still want
compatibility with anything that was valid under 1766 / 3066.

                            Bye, Frank



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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Cowan [mailto:jcowan@reutershealth.com]

[snip]

> http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/fetch/2000/2122/687806/
> ISO_TC_037__Terminology_and_other_language_resources_.pdf?node
> id=3D1160801&vernum=3D0
>=20
> Thanks for this pointer.  This says that 639-3,4,5,6 are all at stage
> 20.00, meaning that they are part of the programme of work.  This is
> clearly inaccurate for 639-3, which is elsewhere stated to be at 40.20
> (DIS out for ballot).

Ah, beaten to it by Peter Constable. Since the document is dated =
2004-12-15
and 639 DIS ballot began on 2005-02-04 and terminates on 2005-07-04, I =
don't
think the accuracy of the document is in question - just that progress =
has
since been made.

[snip]

> > General principles and groups of languages may be irrelevant to
> > 3066bis, but eventually - in some none-too-distant future one
> > suspects - smart matching will also have to take into account the
> > specialisation/generalisation relationships as composed by these 2 -
> > which is somewhat orthogonal to current 3066 "tag-dropping"=20
> practice.
>=20
> I hope not.  The trouble with language collections is that if they are
> defined extensionally (en+nl+de+yi+...) they may or may not reflect
> anything real, and if they are defined intensionally=20
> ("Germanic language")
> they are theory-dependent and are unstable, changing as=20
> linguistic theories
> change.  (Granted, the Germanic family is quite stable, but this isn't
> true in general.)

Would you include the 639-3 "macrolanguages" that Peter described as
being so extensionally defined? The 639-5 language groups?

I wonder how you'd create a theory-independent system?

>=20
> > At this point I should promote a related research activity
> >=20
> > =
http://portal.surrey.ac.uk/portal/page?_pageid=3D798,337934&_dad=3Dportal=
&_schema=3DPORTAL
> > for which the  actual website is in development at INRIA.

> Hmm.  It would be nice to know what this is actually about.  :-)

Ok, I'll point you at the project website when it's ready - and =
user-focussed workshops
are planned in the near future also.

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These people should be given a little test:

Q: What is the language of the UK?

If they say it's English, they just offended quite a lot of users.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org=20
> [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
> Behalf Of JFC (Jefsey) Morfin
>
> Just beware that this may change with the IDNs. Registrations=20
> are subject=20
> to the TLD Manager terms and conditions. The same ICANN=20
> imposes conditions=20
> on specialized TLDs. There is interest by some ccTLD to=20
> require that the=20
> language of the IDN be used on the sites, by respect to the users.
> jfc =20
>=20

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Addison Phillips wrote:
 
>>> At the moment the draft says:
>>>
>>> | The "recommended_prefix" field is empty, except where the
>>> | type is "variant"
 
> the draft doesn't say what Frank says it says

Oops, that was a quote of lines 1131 and 1132 in the file
draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt.  What you quote is in lines
1192..1197.

> We can (and should) remove the restriction to registered
> variants in the text.

Yes, that could allow other uses for other types.  I've no
idea what that could be except from "default script" for a
language.  But maybe there are scripts which are only used
for a small set of languages, this set could be enumerated
in the "recommended_prefix" column of the script.

                            Bye, Frank



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> > ISO 639-4 (general principles) and ISO 639-5 (codes for groups of
> > languages) are in progress, but are irrelevant to RFC 3066bis.
>=20
> I can't say for certain that ISO 639-4 would not have any=20
> relevance (it
> may prove to have some relevance, or it may not); I'd agree though wrt
> ISO 639-5, as I don't think we should allow additional=20
> collective IDs in
> subtags (if anything, I'd restrict what we already allow).

I guess the response to this one is along the lines of=20
- They are irrelevant to 3066bis. They may be relevant to 3066ter. Or
some future iteration.


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Doug Ewell wrote:

> The vast majority of tags created under RFC 3066bis will NOT
> contain script subtags.  They are there for when someone
> deems them necessary.

And how am I supposed to decide this without a default for my
pages ?  I have some "en" pages and one "en-GB-OED", but I've
no en-Ogam.

Apparently you're saying that there are defaults, but you do
not want to document them.  If somebody tries to implement it
he probably hardwires some cases like en-Latn, but ignores
other cases like fy-Latn, because he has no idea what fy is.

> I think asking for "all scripts except Braille" is probably
> out of scope for this project.

Yes, but "only Braille" and "only Latin" are relevant.  The
former works, the latter doesn't (for languages where "Latn"
is the undocumented default).

> If the user requests "en-Brai-LR", she is making a very
> particular request that could not have been fulfilled under
> RFC 3066 in any circumstance

RfC 3066 has en-LR, and that includes any future en-Brai-LR.

> it seems odd to consider it an incompatibility

You could also consider it as a case of tough luck if the user
doesn't find existing en-Brai-LR content looking for en-Brai-LR
only because it was tagged as en-LR under 1766 / 3066.

In that case I'd say that any "old" en-LR is probably "Latn",
so not finding it as en-Brai-LR is a feature and no bug.  But
it's less funny if en-Latn-LR doesn't find en-LR.

> Content tagged as "en-US" cannot be assumed to be in any
> particular script, although Latin would be a good guess.

And who tells me what a good guess is for languages I've never
before heard of ?  The publisher of the documents should know
what a good guess is, but he's not the implementor of the used
software.  There are numerous languages in your list where I'm
lost, I couldn't implement a "guess" for these languages.

What I could do, if you offer good guesses (= defaults), is to
implement a ??-Zyyy plan B.

> Nobody proposes that old data be "updated."

I'd consider it, after all I really offer no Brai or Ogam, so
users looking for these scripts shouldn't be forced to check
my pages.
                        Bye, Frank



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From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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Peter Constable wrote:

>But keep in mind that if there is any possibility of the encoding of an
item being converted at any point between sender
 >and receiver, then the knowledge inherent in the original charset ID could
be lost. If someone sends a message to an 
>online group using Big5 and the message gets converted to Unicode when sent
to some or all group members, then those 
>recipients don't benefit from whatever knowledge would be conveyed by the
fact that the data had originally been encded
>in Big5. 

A look at Shannon/Weaver and/or Scramms Mass communications models would be
helpful...  I believe you are refering to "semantic dissonance" and "noise"

Debbie

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Peter Constable
Sent: 23 March 2005 06:00
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching

> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann


> For Unicode mentioning the script makes sense, but for 8bit- charsets 
> it should be implicit, excl. transliterations for the moment.

But keep in mind that if there is any possibility of the encoding of an item
being converted at any point between sender and receiver, then the knowledge
inherent in the original charset ID could be lost. If someone sends a
message to an online group using Big5 and the message gets converted to
Unicode when sent to some or all group members, then those recipients don't
benefit from whatever knowledge would be conveyed by the fact that the data
had originally been encded in Big5.


> That's why I want default scripts and a SHOULD NOT for cases like 
> en-Latn-*.  The recommendation to tag wisely is a waste of time for 
> software, it can't think.

I think these are valid ideas. (But then I would, having written about the
significance of default script in a paper a few years back.)



Peter Constable

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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Peter Constable scripsit:

> Ah! It's true, they are pretty broad, and that can be an issue. For
> instance, I've been wondering for a while what the best way would be to
> tag e.g. English content written in a Latin-base phonetic transcription,
> such as IPA (IPA uses a few Greek characters but otherwise is
> predominantly Latin), or other Latin-based systems for phonetic
> transcription. "Latn" could in principle encompass any of these. 

I've pressed for "Ipaa" (or perhaps "Latp") in the past, to which
"Fupa" (or "Latu"?) should probably be added.

-- 
Said Agatha Christie / To E. Philips Oppenheim  John Cowan
"Who is this Hemingway? / Who is this Proust?   jcowan@reutershealth.com
Who is this Vladimir / Whatchamacallum,         http://www.reutershealth.com
This neopostrealist / Rabble?" she groused.     http://www.ccil.org/cowan
        --author unknown to me; any suggestions?

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From: John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
To: "L.Gillam" <L.Gillam@surrey.ac.uk>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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L.Gillam scripsit:

> Would you include the 639-3 "macrolanguages" that Peter described as
> being so extensionally defined?

They are extensionally defined, and what they reflect is that (as Peter
doesn't quite say) ISO 639-2 is a folk taxonomy, and as such doesn't
match up very well with 639-3's rather more scientific coverage of the
same ground.  In principle, there's an ISO 639-2 code for every text,
but only on the principle of "split local things, lump remote things"
that folk taxonomies generally employ.

> The 639-5 language groups?

I haven't seen even an editor's draft of -5 [*], so I can't comment
specifically.  But I will note that in Linnaean taxonomy, heroic
attempts are made to preserve stability for both entities (where the
facts permit it) and labels (to the point where ordinary meaning is
flatly disregarded) at the species level, but no such attempts are made
at higher taxonomic levels, which change all the time and are the subject
of many disagreements.

([*] The notion of ISO that people are going to *pay* for drafts, and
in the two figures of CHF at that, is simply laughable.)

> I wonder how you'd create a theory-independent system?

I wouldn't even try.  I'd accept the collective-language codes of -2
as a regrettable consequence of the way it was designed, or rather not
designed, and leave it at that.

-- 
John Cowan        http://www.ccil.org/~cowan          jcowan@reutershealth.com
Please leave your values                Check your assumptions.  In fact,
   at the front desk.                      check your assumptions at the door.
     --sign in Paris hotel                   --Cordelia Vorkosigan

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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
Date: Wed, 23 Mar 2005 15:02:57 -0000
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Cowan [mailto:jcowan@reutershealth.com]
>
> > Would you include the 639-3 "macrolanguages" that Peter described as
> > being so extensionally defined?
>=20
> They are extensionally defined, and what they reflect is that=20
> (as Peter
> doesn't quite say) ISO 639-2 is a folk taxonomy, and as such doesn't
> match up very well with 639-3's rather more scientific coverage of the
> same ground.  In principle, there's an ISO 639-2 code for every text,
> but only on the principle of "split local things, lump remote things"
> that folk taxonomies generally employ.

The original point here was that "smart matching" would have to
do a bit more than "tag-dropping", fallback or, perhaps fall-forward as
seems to be being suggested. Association between 639-2 and 639-3 is just
that little bit more because of this. Where -5 fishes the same alpha3
pool, anybody deciding to incorporate this also would have further such
work to do because of associations. Deciding whether group membership
or generalisation/specialisation governs the relationship will produce
interesting algorithms I suspect.

> > The 639-5 language groups?
>=20
> I haven't seen even an editor's draft of -5 [*], so I can't comment
> specifically.  But I will note that in Linnaean taxonomy, heroic
> attempts are made to preserve stability for both entities (where the
> facts permit it) and labels (to the point where ordinary meaning is
> flatly disregarded) at the species level, but no such=20
> attempts are made
> at higher taxonomic levels, which change all the time and are=20
> the subject
> of many disagreements.

But perhaps this is where a "framework of distinctions" (e.g.=20
http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/), or "facet analysis" (e.g.
http://www.kmconnection.com/DOC100100.htm) may provide a bridge -=20
the hierarchy is to some extent fixed - dependencies between some
facets but not necessarily others - but to others derived. "script"
is one facet, "country" another. It's already being done anyway in
the tag requests themselves, it's just that the tag currently
resembles the request.=20

> ([*] The notion of ISO that people are going to *pay* for drafts, and
> in the two figures of CHF at that, is simply laughable.)

I'm happy to make the draft available for expert comment - the ISO =
process
definitely allows for this. I don't believe you can actually *buy* the
drafts anywhere - I may be wrong, and perhaps ISO is missing a business
opportunity here!

> > I wonder how you'd create a theory-independent system?
>=20
> I wouldn't even try.  I'd accept the collective-language codes of -2
> as a regrettable consequence of the way it was designed, or rather not
> designed, and leave it at that.

Accept but reduce dependency on, or keep using because of "legacy code"?
I discovered yesterday, to my sheer horror, that an Oracle V10 client =
could not
speak to an Oracle V8.1.5 server. But, an Oracle V8.1.5 server will =
apparently
not work on a RedHat FC3 or RHEL 3 platform, and the platform it is =
currrently
on cannot be hack-proofed for web accesses. Do Microsoft still support
Windows 95/98? There are ways to work around the problem, but as time =
goes
by the work arounds become an artform - and I'm not a great fan of art. =
:-(


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L.Gillam [L.Gillam@surrey.ac.uk] wrote:

<quote>
Accept but reduce dependency on, or keep using because of "legacy code"?
I discovered yesterday, to my sheer horror, that an Oracle V10 client
could not
speak to an Oracle V8.1.5 server. But, an Oracle V8.1.5 server will
apparently
not work on a RedHat FC3 or RHEL 3 platform, and the platform it is
currrently
on cannot be hack-proofed for web accesses. Do Microsoft still support
Windows 95/98? There are ways to work around the problem, but as time
goes
by the work arounds become an artform - and I'm not a great fan of art.
:-(
</quote>

Hence all important documents should be carved into cave walls.

Misha





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At 09:18 23/03/2005, Peter Constable wrote:
>Script IDs are practical, and if some flexibility is allowed for in
>adding categories in the list of scripts, such as Hans and Hant, or Latf
>and Latg, then that can go a long way toward our needs. It may not be
>able to cover all cases of interest to users, though. (The recent
>discussion of Greek on the other list explores the limits to which
>script IDs can be stretched.)

Seems odd to read this. What is the target of this WG?
to conform to norms and to outdated practices, or to conform standards to 
users needs and to help transitionning the past?

Yesterday we had an interesting lunch discussion with among others a 
dictionary and a localization normalizers of different European cultures. 
We went into this proposition "15 years later you cannot republish a 
dictionary" vs. "a computer runs the 15 years old dictionary if its program 
release if 15 years old".

I proposed there are three classes of languages users to consider:
class 1. the lingua franca related mother's tongue people
class 2. the computers
class 3. the others.
and that their needs are orthogonal. This immediately seemed obvious to all 
of us and we discussed the similar situation of various Lingua Francae in 
Geography as well as History and even in business and human relations.

Class 1 is the majority of the members in here. Class 2 is only partly 
represented. Class 3 (while a substantial part of the mankind) is not very 
interested in IETF. There are various reasons explored in an RFC and in one 
or two complementary draft. But the real problem is the scalability of the 
technology. By essence the lingua franca's culture has vision, interests, 
priorities others do not understand (I speak with the experience of the 
former lingua francae - French and Latin). But it permits a simple, robust, 
ASCII Internet.

One of the priority of class 1 is to use their language to stabilize an 
environment where only one language can be used. Their richness is this 
cultural community and stabilization (with formal registered language tags 
for example), calling internationalization the external description of all 
what differs from their language. While others have diversity as their 
richness, with the added value of an occasional (degraded) use of the 
lingua franca, which help their quasi opposed way to conceive 
"internationalization" (what they have in common).

It would interesting to read the Bible back, about Babel. Forcing a single 
way to describe languages, in a way is to have a single language. Babel was 
not to create the mankind a problem: it was to free it. As long as class 1, 
2 and 3 needs are not equally considered and efficiently addressed, it is 
likely there will be no consensus to enter data into the core reference of 
the class 2 - what is the target of the discussed RFC proposal.

The target is not to make it work in ASCII RFC 3066 ter ABNFed langtags. 
The target is to make any system, in any format, in any language and 
culture and circumstance able to understand what is the language (version) 
of any given content. RFC 3066 only proposed a solution.
jfc





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From: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Getting back on track
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On 02:30 23/03/2005, Mark Davis said:
>I agree entirely with what Addison said, and want to emphasize that none=
 of
>this has any dependence on CLDR whatsoever.

I respond to both authors one shot.
I understand nothing of your responses.

1. I only note that Mark's proposed agenda will permit us to match the=20
Charter agenda.
2. I note that after having asked a long work, Addison's responses are in=
=20
the records.
3. I remind that the Charter specifies that: "The RFC 3066 standard for=20
language tags has been widely adopted in various protocols and text=20
formats, including HTML, XML, and CLDR, as the best means of identifying=20
languages and language preferences.". So, I will only quote your response=
s=20
on CLDR and Unicode copyrigths in a waiver about the support of CLDR. Up =
to=20
the IESG to decide if they maintain their Charter consideration on CLDR.

>Addison and I have been working on the current draft for quite a while, =
and
>have benefited from feedback from a wide variety of people. If you want =
to
>write your own document, you are of course free to, but I have the feeli=
ng
>that the direction that you are headed is far outside of the scope of th=
e
>current working group's charter.

What we all want is a consensus, not a conflict. The conflict comes from=20
you desire of exclusiveness when we all want inclusion. Everyone will be=20
more that happy to include your propositions to address your needs in a=20
general resolution. There will be no consensus otherwise.

>He and I will be focusing on comments on the current draft.

We all expect that.

But it happens that you both are the authoritative experts in closed=20
consortia applications the WG Charter makes us to consider (HTML and XML=20
for Addison as W3C, and CLDR for Mark as Unicode). It also happens that t=
he=20
matter discussed for a standardization in this WG is also subject to a=20
current normalization work, and active international thinking, in various=
=20
international technical, academical, societal, economical, political and=20
governmental fora we must first evangelize the participants about your wo=
rk=20
(hence the footing of my WG-ltru mails, and the delay in preparing a=20
framework). This obviously delays us.

jfc




>=E2=80=8EMark
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
>To: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>; "Mark Davis"
><mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
>Cc: <ltru@ietf.org>
>Sent: Tuesday, March 22, 2005 15:37
>Subject: RE: [Ltru] Getting back on track
>
>
>JFC,
>
>You have not presented a list of comments about the current draft. Neith=
er
>have you proposed an alternate design. Why should the WG wait for many w=
eeks
>while you write an individual submission Internet-Draft if you can't be
>bothered to debate the existing design or propose a new design?
>
>You'll note that before Mark and I wrote the very first draft of what is
>today the registry document we discussed the design in public. In my
>opinion, you should do the same thing. If there is a consensus favoring =
your
>design, then it can be incorporated into the working group's draft as
>appropriate.
>
>With regard to your question about my schedule: how about 'never'? I don=
't
>have time to help you write your document. I'm busy editing the official
>draft and engaging in necessary debate on this list. If you want to writ=
e a
>document, you're on your own. Both Mark and I have numerous publicly
>available documents describing our view of the requirements and our
>intentions. No doubt if we have objections to your proposal we will
>enumerate them in the proper way and at the proper time.
>
>With regard to CLDR, which is really Mark's area rather than mine, I wil=
l
>note that the current registry draft has *no* dependency on CLDR, nor sh=
ould
>it. Copyright issues in your individual submission are your problem,
>although I can't imagine any that would arise from referencing an extern=
al
>standard.
>
>Addison
>
>Addison P. Phillips
>Globalization Architect, Quest Software
>Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group
>
>Internationalization is not a feature.
>It is an architecture.
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org=
] On
> > Behalf Of JFC (Jefsey) Morfin
> > Sent: mardi 22 mars 2005 14:16
> > To: Mark Davis
> > Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Ltru] Getting back on track
> >
> > On 22:38 22/03/2005, Mark Davis said:
> > >The discussion has meandered around a bit: I'd like to see us get ba=
ck on
> > >track. Here is how I suggest we proceed.
> >
> > >Within the next week, anyone who has any issues with the text of the
> > current
> > >draft does the following:
> > >
> > >a. Composes a separate message on each issue, with a meaningful titl=
e.
> > >b. Suggests exact replacement text, with clear instructions on where=
 to
> > make
> > >the change.
> > >c. Describes the pros and cons of making the change.
> > >
> > >We review by email each request. If there is consensus for if, then =
we
> > >record that. If not, we leave it alone. Once we have processed all t=
he
> > >issues, we issue a new draft that incorporates all the changes. We
> > circulate
> > >that, and if there are no problems with the incorporation of all the
> > >changes, then we advance the document.
> >
> > As indicated we will not be in a position to issue a draft before at =
least
> > two weeks. It will certainly substantially differ from the current dr=
aft.
> > And will probably be amended during its further international review.=
 But
> > the support of your propositions should be as much possible included =
in
>it.
> > So this schedule seems OK if the Chairs agree. We should have your
> > elements
> > in time.
> >
> > I have however two missing information:
> > - when do you/Addison intend to comment the inputs he required from m=
e, so
> > I can organize our schedule?
> > - we have discussed nothing on the CLDR aspect. You are the best suit=
ed to
> > tell us what are the requirements of the CLDR project in the RFC 3066
> > context and how we can best address them? I am also obviously concern=
ed
> > about the copyright issue as the RFC should indicate that the CLDR is
> > public domain. Or we would have to investigate a public domain
>alternative.
> >
> > Thank you for your cooperation.
> > jfc
> >
> > =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> > Standardizing Tags for the Identification of Languages should not be =
a way
> > to standardize languages and to unify the world under a dominant cult=
ure.
> > =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> > For your convenience:
> > RFC 3066: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt?number=3D3066
> > Draft: http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-
> > 00.txt
> > Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
> > gmane: http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
> > If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF pro=
cess:
> > http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
> > http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
> > http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
> > http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
> > http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
> > =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> > Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
> > what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
> >   as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
> >   the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
> > entities should be and should not be on that list."
> > =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> > Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing t=
he
> > same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
> > or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
> > same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
> > Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as f=
ar as
> > possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvement=
s."
> > =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> > It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978, shoul=
d
> > apply to languages and to ISO 693.
> > =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


_______________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
Date: Wed, 23 Mar 2005 09:56:07 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
Thread-Index: AcUvjEqRbbScCMafR++xnoCak4N6bgARLiRg
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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> Oops, that was a quote of lines 1131 and 1132 in the file
> draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt.  What you quote is in lines
> 1192..1197.

Yes, you're right. I missed that sentence when I searched for it =
somehow. And (I think) you're correct that your original quote should be =
modified to match the later content I quoted in meaning.

>=20
> Yes, that could allow other uses for other types.  I've no
> idea what that could be except from "default script" for a
> language.  But maybe there are scripts which are only used
> for a small set of languages, this set could be enumerated
> in the "recommended_prefix" column of the script.

The difference is that any subtag could then have a prefix. Scripts =
would be one possibility. Regions are another (if we were to encode 200, =
for example, it might bear a couple of prefixes).

Note that recommended prefix is a different thing than canonical mapping =
or implied suffix, either of which is what I take default script to be.=20

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> Sent: mercredi 23 mars 2005 01:37
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
>=20
> Addison Phillips wrote:
>=20
> >>> At the moment the draft says:
> >>>
> >>> | The "recommended_prefix" field is empty, except where the
> >>> | type is "variant"
>=20
> > the draft doesn't say what Frank says it says
>=20
> Oops, that was a quote of lines 1131 and 1132 in the file
> draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt.  What you quote is in lines
> 1192..1197.
>=20
> > We can (and should) remove the restriction to registered
> > variants in the text.
>=20
> Yes, that could allow other uses for other types.  I've no
> idea what that could be except from "default script" for a
> language.  But maybe there are scripts which are only used
> for a small set of languages, this set could be enumerated
> in the "recommended_prefix" column of the script.
>=20
>                             Bye, Frank
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
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        "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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> If a user requests specifically "en-Ogam", that request should never =
be
> reduced to "en" -- and I don't think Frank was suggesting that. The =
real
> issue is whether a request for "en" should return content tagged
> "en-Ogam". Existing left-prefix implementations would match, though a
> "smarter" matching algorithm might of course work differently.

This problem exists (albeit in a very small way) with en-boont, eh? =
Left-prefix matching relies on the premise (stated to often be false in =
RFC 3066 itself!) that content which shares a prefix is mutually =
understandable.
>=20
> It is an issue to be considered. So is the reality that there's a ton =
of
> data tagged "en" where that's assumed to mean "en-Latn".

Not really. The problems are:

1. Users who request en-something (en-US for example) won't get content =
tagged "en-Latn-something" using left-prefix matching.

2. Users requesting en-Latn won't get content tagged merely "en" using =
left-prefix matching. (which is what you're saying above)=20

The ton of data tagged "en" is *probably* in Latin script, but the =
author's intentions in that regard are unknown. This has bearing on =
those languages where script is a possible confusion.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Peter Constable
> Sent: mardi 22 mars 2005 23:05
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
>=20
> > From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org =
[mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
> On
> > Behalf Of Doug Ewell
>=20
>=20
> > If I request "de" content, say over the Web, I definitely want to
> > receive content in both "de-1901" and "de-1996", not just one or the
> > other.  However, if I request "zh" I may not be able to do anything
> with
> > "zh-hakka".
>=20
> Of course, if you request "de" content, you might also get back =
content
> that's German but written in various ways not useful to the user, such
> as phonetic transcription, some kind of shorthand, or in Devanagari
> script, say. That's not different from the "zh-hakka" example.
>=20
>=20
> > If you declare 'Latn' to be the default script for 'en', and use =
that
> > information to collapse the tag "en-Latn" to "en", then you remove =
the
> > user's ability to get "en-Ogam" content unless she specifically
> requests
> > it.  This essentially says, "Since you requested English, I'll =
assume
> > you can only read it in Latin script, and I won't send you English
> > content in any other script."
>=20
> If a user requests specifically "en-Ogam", that request should never =
be
> reduced to "en" -- and I don't think Frank was suggesting that. The =
real
> issue is whether a request for "en" should return content tagged
> "en-Ogam". Existing left-prefix implementations would match, though a
> "smarter" matching algorithm might of course work differently.
>=20
> It is an issue to be considered. So is the reality that there's a ton =
of
> data tagged "en" where that's assumed to mean "en-Latn".
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Peter Constable
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


_______________________________________________
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Mar 23 13:55:47 2005
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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Registry in record-jar format
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Hi -

> From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
> To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Tuesday, March 22, 2005 10:44 PM
> Subject: [Ltru] Registry in record-jar format
>

> At least one person expressed some interest in seeing the draft /
> proposed / sample registry in record-jar format, so here it is:
>
> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg-rj.txt
>
> This has no official sanction or consensus; it's just there so people
> can visualize it (which I guess is true for the other one as well).
...

Thanks for making this available.  It's always helpful to be able to see
just how a proposal might be realized.

(co-chair hat off)
I like this format better than the current one, for the following reasons:
   1) it's much easier to read, and consequently less error-prone for
      whoever ends up doing the actual edits to the registry files
   2) it's still machine-parseable
   3) it would permit the initial registry content to be documented in
       an internet draft

Randy



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Mar 23 14:20:23 2005
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From: John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
To: "L.Gillam" <L.Gillam@surrey.ac.uk>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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L.Gillam scripsit:

> The original point here was that "smart matching" would have to
> do a bit more than "tag-dropping", fallback or, perhaps fall-forward as
> seems to be being suggested. Association between 639-2 and 639-3 is just
> that little bit more because of this.

Using the zh-yue style makes this much easier on tag matchers, and only
slightly harder on taggers.

> Where -5 fishes the same alpha3
> pool, anybody deciding to incorporate this also would have further such
> work to do because of associations. 

Which is why I hope it never does get used in RFC-style language tagging,
other than the unavoidably grandfathered cases from 639-2.

> I'm happy to make the draft available for expert comment - the ISO process
> definitely allows for this.

Thanks.  Please post an URL, or if you are not allowed to do that, please
send me a copy.

> I don't believe you can actually *buy* the
> drafts anywhere - I may be wrong, and perhaps ISO is missing a business
> opportunity here!

http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CombinedQueryResult.CombinedQueryResult?queryString=639
claims that you can buy the DIS 639-3 (but not the WDs 639-4 or 639-5).

> Accept but reduce dependency on, or keep using because of "legacy code"?

Not legacy code so much as legacy tagging.  There may be documents out there
tagged "nai", worthless as that is for almost all purposes except completeness,
so we can't just deprecate it wholesale -- the argument has been made that
expecting people on the other side of the planet to discriminate between
various North American Indian languages in their holdings is just unreasonable.

-- 
John Cowan       http://www.ccil.org/~cowan        <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
        You tollerday donsk?  N.  You tolkatiff scowegian?  Nn.
        You spigotty anglease?  Nnn.  You phonio saxo?  Nnnn.
                Clear all so!  `Tis a Jute.... (Finnegans Wake 16.5)

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Mar 23 15:15:46 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Registry in record-jar format
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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If we're going to consider different formats for the registry, might I =
suggest that an even better format would be XML?

XML can be structured in a way that would allow multiple separate =
elements to be defined when multiple values are called for. Adding new =
recommended prefixes, for example, could be done by adding <prefix> =
elements to the record.

This would also allow for some other useful things. For example, the =
registry could use the xml:lang attribute (ooh, self-referential objects =
are so cool) to provide alternate language descriptions or native =
language descriptions (since an XML file could use UTF-8 as the encoding =
or at least NCRs). The registry could also use a URI (or rather, an IRI) =
to reference the registration form itself (tying registration to the =
registry).

The DTD could also enforce a certain level of validity on the registry =
and could itself be versioned to accommodate 3066ter and 639-3 as =
necessary.=20

Finally, unlike a flat text file, an XML format would be extensible. =
Future changes to the RFC could add fields to the registry without =
breaking existing registry processors. (RJ format can do this too, of =
course.)

Note that XML files are text files, so the presence of an XML processor =
itself is not required, especially if the registry uses NCRs for =
non-ASCII values.

Consider:

Type: variant
Subtag: hakka
Description: Hakka
Date: 1999-12-18
Recommended_Prefix: zh

Versus:

<subtag type=3D"variant" value=3D"hakka" date=3D"1999-12-18">
  <description>Hakka</description>
  <description xml:lang=3D"zh-hakka">.....</description>
  =
<reference>http://www.iana.org/assignments/lang-tags/zh-hakka</reference>=

  <prefix>zh</prefix>
  <prefix>zh-Hant</prefix>  <!-- example only -->
  <note>You can put all sorts of useful information=20
    into an XML document.
  </note>
  <!-- <canonical>...not for this one...</canonical> -->
</subtag>

Of course, an XML (or any format) version of the registry can be made =
from (say) the RJ format. We could pick one canonical format and =
consider whether to render informative versions in other formats. XML =
offers lots of flexibility for automating views of the data for that =
matter.

Just an idea........

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Randy Presuhn
> Sent: mercredi 23 mars 2005 10:54
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Registry in record-jar format
>=20
> Hi -
>=20
> > From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
> > To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> > Sent: Tuesday, March 22, 2005 10:44 PM
> > Subject: [Ltru] Registry in record-jar format
> >
>=20
> > At least one person expressed some interest in seeing the draft /
> > proposed / sample registry in record-jar format, so here it is:
> >
> > http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg-rj.txt
> >
> > This has no official sanction or consensus; it's just there so =
people
> > can visualize it (which I guess is true for the other one as well).
> ...
>=20
> Thanks for making this available.  It's always helpful to be able to =
see
> just how a proposal might be realized.
>=20
> (co-chair hat off)
> I like this format better than the current one, for the following =
reasons:
>    1) it's much easier to read, and consequently less error-prone for
>       whoever ends up doing the actual edits to the registry files
>    2) it's still machine-parseable
>    3) it would permit the initial registry content to be documented in
>        an internet draft
>=20
> Randy
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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John Cowan wrote:

>>http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CombinedQueryResult.CombinedQueryResult?queryStr
ing=639
>>claims that you can buy the DIS 639-3 (but not the WDs 639-4 or 639-5).

639-4 is not in existence yet (quite strange given that it is supposed to
provide the framework for 3,5 and 6) so no working draft is available.
639-5 has only just been posted (in the last 5 weeks) to members of the WG.
I have a copy (one sent to JC) if any one wants it... I assume I am not
going against any ISO rules.

Debbie

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
Behalf Of John Cowan
Sent: 23 March 2005 19:19
To: L.Gillam
Cc: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching

L.Gillam scripsit:

> The original point here was that "smart matching" would have to
> do a bit more than "tag-dropping", fallback or, perhaps fall-forward as
> seems to be being suggested. Association between 639-2 and 639-3 is just
> that little bit more because of this.

Using the zh-yue style makes this much easier on tag matchers, and only
slightly harder on taggers.

> Where -5 fishes the same alpha3
> pool, anybody deciding to incorporate this also would have further such
> work to do because of associations. 

Which is why I hope it never does get used in RFC-style language tagging,
other than the unavoidably grandfathered cases from 639-2.

> I'm happy to make the draft available for expert comment - the ISO process
> definitely allows for this.

Thanks.  Please post an URL, or if you are not allowed to do that, please
send me a copy.

> I don't believe you can actually *buy* the
> drafts anywhere - I may be wrong, and perhaps ISO is missing a business
> opportunity here!

http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CombinedQueryResult.CombinedQueryResult?queryStrin
g=639
claims that you can buy the DIS 639-3 (but not the WDs 639-4 or 639-5).

> Accept but reduce dependency on, or keep using because of "legacy code"?

Not legacy code so much as legacy tagging.  There may be documents out there
tagged "nai", worthless as that is for almost all purposes except
completeness,
so we can't just deprecate it wholesale -- the argument has been made that
expecting people on the other side of the planet to discriminate between
various North American Indian languages in their holdings is just
unreasonable.

-- 
John Cowan       http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
<jcowan@reutershealth.com>
        You tollerday donsk?  N.  You tolkatiff scowegian?  Nn.
        You spigotty anglease?  Nnn.  You phonio saxo?  Nnnn.
                Clear all so!  `Tis a Jute.... (Finnegans Wake 16.5)

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Mar 23 16:54:36 2005
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Geological interoperability may present a problem, and backups can be
an issue in times of faults (earthquakes perhaps). Those who use
non-standardized carving tools may pose difficulties for everybody =
else....
on the bright side, I think I can do caveman impressions   :-)


> <quote>
> Accept but reduce dependency on, or keep using because of=20
> "legacy code"?
> I discovered yesterday, to my sheer horror, that an Oracle V10 client
> could not
> speak to an Oracle V8.1.5 server. But, an Oracle V8.1.5 server will
> apparently
> not work on a RedHat FC3 or RHEL 3 platform, and the platform it is
> currrently
> on cannot be hack-proofed for web accesses. Do Microsoft still support
> Windows 95/98? There are ways to work around the problem, but as time
> goes
> by the work arounds become an artform - and I'm not a great=20
> fan of art.
> :-(
> </quote>
>=20
> Hence all important documents should be carved into cave walls.
>=20
> Misha

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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of John Cowan


> Not legacy code so much as legacy tagging.  There may be documents out
> there
> tagged "nai", worthless as that is for almost all purposes except
> completeness,
> so we can't just deprecate it wholesale -- the argument has been made
that
> expecting people on the other side of the planet to discriminate
between
> various North American Indian languages in their holdings is just
> unreasonable.

One additional point regarding this: there's a difference between an
author tagging a resource and a cataloguer tagging a resource: the
author will generally know the language the content was authored in;
whether a cataloguer can recognize the language of an item to be
catalogued is dependent on the cataloguer and the content and cannot be
guaranteed.



Peter Constable

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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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Addison Phillips wrote:

> If we're going to consider different formats for the
> registry, might I suggest that an even better format would
> be XML?

<http://xml.resource.org/authoring/rfc2629.dtd> would be nice
to create I-Ds and later RfCs, see <http://xml.resource.org>

> This would also allow for some other useful things.

Apparently you want a completely new DTD for this purpose.
Does _any_ IANA registry use XML ?

> provide alternate language descriptions or native language
> descriptions (since an XML file could use UTF-8 as the
> encoding or at least NCRs).

The resulting plain text ASCII RfC and registry could be messy,
from the POV of a reader.  One or two literal &#1234; or u+04D2
in a paragraph are okay, but numerous of these beasts are ugly.

> The registry could also use a URI (or rather, an IRI) to
> reference the registration form itself (tying registration
> to the registry).

That's a good idea, add an URL as (optional) 7th column to the
registry, pointing to the approval of the tag reviewer, e.g.
http://www.iana.org/assignments/lang-tags/en-scouse

In the record-jar part of a future I-D or RfC something like:

%%
Type: variant
Subtag: scouse
Description: Scouse
Date: 2000-05-25
Recommended_Prefix: en
URL: http://www.iana.org/assignments/lang-tags/en-scouse
%%

> The DTD could also enforce a certain level of validity on the
> registry and could itself be versioned to accommodate 3066ter
> and 639-3 as necessary.

Is that a good idea ?  Matching language tags shouldn't depend
on XML parsers.  It's also recursive, 3066bis is a definition
of what we do in a xml:lang, and if that definition has its own
XML DTD not mentioned in the document with the xml:lang then
it's confusing.  If we'd want DC we'd know where to find it.

> XML offers lots of flexibility for automating views of the
> data for that matter.

True, but gawk is also a nice tool, it has no problem with the
record-jar (or similar) format.  But it's not exactly the best
choice to parse XML.
                        Bye, Frank



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Subject: [Ltru] is there some wiskey in the jar - [was: Registry in
 record-jar format]
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Just a minute, gentlemen!
Could you please investigate first what will be the resulting use?

The IANA is a reference source, for a "few" developers or politics to 
consult. What was documented by the RFC 3066 up to now was a more flexible 
manner to register, store and make accessible for free what ISO do with 
paid papers.

The load resulting from RFC 3066 bis is more substantial since there are 
far more languages, possible subtags and resulting langtags to register and 
manage. If we consider the workload represented by registrations 
(proposition received from Michael Everson, registration, verification, 
possible errors and support) we are here in the range of a very large ccTLD 
with top quality services (we are only a few checking registered DNs). 
Also, before that I am not sure ietf-languages can cope with that workload 
(with a 15 days debate, etc.). Let remember that we have 7500 languages and 
240 countries (rough figures), I suppose that the total amount of 
registrations may be in the range of  30-100.000. Plus private registration 
- over the years this may amount to millions if SNHNs start playing the way 
every indication show they will. The first question about this is: who will 
pay?

Now, if you start talking of DTD, with several versions, and of XML 
presentations with additional data and linked URLs and IRIs, questions are:
- who is going to maintain the entries?
- there will be millions/billions of pages referencing the DTD, the urls, 
etc. which will lead to a IANA access 24/366. Some evaluations are needed 
about the resulting traffic and the CPU load before IANA can just discuss 
it. I am not sure, but we are replicating bigger than the DNS root here. 
One has to be aware that DoS and bug are very heavy on this kind of WHOIS 
is like systems (Iegitimate calls to the DNS root amount to 2.5% - 97.5% 
being more or less junk). I am not sure the IANA agreement with SRI or who 
ever else can stand the load.

I note also that for such a standardized and hopefully stable formatted 
system, the format can certainly be prototyped in using XML but a more
compact solution should to be considered. Most probably UDP supported.

I do not know the INRIA, etc. project we will see documented. But I note 
that this is a paid access service.

Resources have a cost. IANA is a "free" service because it is donated to 
the Internet community. I understand that Unicode/W3C want to use IANA 
"free" resources, but how much are these close paying membership structures 
ready to contribute to permit everyone to get this free service?

Right now ccTLDs are discussing how much to pay ICANN for its IANA service. 
And want to keep it very very low. Since the more we would ask from IANA 
the more we would depend on ICANN, so the more our economies and people 
would depend on a foreign uncontrolled source. (this is a common concern by 
every ccTLD, that USA share: no one knows who will manage the IANA two 
years from now).

We will certainly want to look in detail at this RFC 3066 ter service since 
our communities will most probably be large users of it. And we will 
certainly question its use and design to make sure we are requested to pay 
for the most appropriate solution. Several countries (and this is my own 
direct concern with AFRAC) consider how best to replicate and extend the 
IANA system for surety, security, stability, scalability, support, 
simplicity, sovereignty, innovation reasons. Economics, data consistency 
and operations considerations are also of the essence, since the 
granularity of these referencing systems will certainly extend down to the 
SNHNs.

I do not know why but I feel we are considering a gas refinery where a 
straw would be enough to sip the wiskey in the -jar.
jfc


At 07:16 24/03/2005, Frank Alderman wrote:
>Addison Phillips wrote:
>
> > If we're going to consider different formats for the
> > registry, might I suggest that an even better format would
> > be XML?
>
><http://xml.resource.org/authoring/rfc2629.dtd> would be nice
>to create I-Ds and later RfCs, see <http://xml.resource.org>
>
> > This would also allow for some other useful things.
>
>Apparently you want a completely new DTD for this purpose.
>Does _any_ IANA registry use XML ?
>
> > provide alternate language descriptions or native language
> > descriptions (since an XML file could use UTF-8 as the
> > encoding or at least NCRs).
>
>The resulting plain text ASCII RfC and registry could be messy,
>from the POV of a reader.  One or two literal &#1234; or u+04D2
>in a paragraph are okay, but numerous of these beasts are ugly.
>
> > The registry could also use a URI (or rather, an IRI) to
> > reference the registration form itself (tying registration
> > to the registry).
>
>That's a good idea, add an URL as (optional) 7th column to the
>registry, pointing to the approval of the tag reviewer, e.g.
>http://www.iana.org/assignments/lang-tags/en-scouse
>
>In the record-jar part of a future I-D or RfC something like:
>
>%%
>Type: variant
>Subtag: scouse
>Description: Scouse
>Date: 2000-05-25
>Recommended_Prefix: en
>URL: http://www.iana.org/assignments/lang-tags/en-scouse
>%%
>
> > The DTD could also enforce a certain level of validity on the
> > registry and could itself be versioned to accommodate 3066ter
> > and 639-3 as necessary.
>
>Is that a good idea ?  Matching language tags shouldn't depend
>on XML parsers.  It's also recursive, 3066bis is a definition
>of what we do in a xml:lang, and if that definition has its own
>XML DTD not mentioned in the document with the xml:lang then
>it's confusing.  If we'd want DC we'd know where to find it.
>
> > XML offers lots of flexibility for automating views of the
> > data for that matter.
>
>True, but gawk is also a nice tool, it has no problem with the
>record-jar (or similar) format.  But it's not exactly the best
>choice to parse XML.
>                         Bye, Frank
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Ltru mailing list
>Ltru@lists.ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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[snip]

> The load resulting from RFC 3066 bis is more substantial since there =
are
> far more languages, possible subtags and resulting langtags to =
register and
> manage

[snip]

One might suggest that if a future ISO 639-4 provides for ISO 11179-3 / =
ISO 12620 (in revision) conformant collections (XML-based), and =
eventually perhaps ISO 3166 and 15924 could go the same way, an =
XML-based RFC 3066 is a composition with additional documentation, and =
the pages themselves form part of what one might suggest to be the =
semantic web. Such an approach, based on technologies of the W3C itself, =
seems to be quite sensible.

The beauty of current technologies like XSL (T and FO) and database to =
XML converters is that you can have quite a lot of formats. Profusion of =
formats becomes problematic, and hence the consideration of metamodels =
which allow for extensibility for specific purposes (see documents on =
www.tc37sc4.org <http://www.tc37sc4.org/>  dealing with LMF for =
example). Many computer programmers are more than capable of dealing =
with format conversions. Selecting one, or more, poses no problems as =
far as I can tell. I would, though, encourage the provision of =
interchange routines alongside the formatted data. Theoretically, as yet =
I see no problems.

> - there will be millions/billions of pages referencing the DTD, the =
urls,
> etc. which will lead to a IANA access 24/366.=20

> Some evaluations are needed about the resulting traffic and the CPU =
load before IANA can just discuss

Why would it? I don't look at a dictionary every time I write a word, =
then apply a spell check to that word and a grammar check to the =
sentence so far. Moore's law applies to the technology. Around 5 =
exabytes of new information are estimated to be created every year. A =
billion pages isn't a lot - how many does Google currently claim to =
handle? How many will it handle in 2 years? I suggest you investigate =
the number of page impressions handled by certain existing web servers =
technologies (Apache) and present a scientific argument about the =
possible future limitations of the technology for handling the =
application, rather than faulting the application. Stating that DoS =
attacks should prevent people from undertaking these efforts is akin to =
putting the cart before the horse.=20
=20
I do have a proposal . Following your scientific argument about the =
possible future limitation of the technology, you approach the right =
parties about fixing DoS problems. If, as you say, if only 2.5% are =
valid requests, based on figures from where I know not, and you work =
towards reducing the 97.5% by just another 2.5% you will double the =
capacity at a stroke and remove the barriers to the valuable work being =
undertaken here. How does that sound?=20

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The load resulting from RFC 3066 bis is more substantial since there =
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far more languages, possible subtags and resulting langtags to register =0A=
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<P dir=3Dltr><SPAN =0A=
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'">One =0A=
might suggest that if a future ISO 639-4 provides for ISO 11179-3 / ISO =
12620 =0A=
(in revision) conformant collections (XML-based), and eventually perhaps =
ISO =0A=
3166 and 15924 could go the same way, an XML-based RFC 3066 is a =
composition =0A=
with additional documentation, and the pages themselves form part of =
what one =0A=
might suggest to be the semantic web. Such an approach, based on =
technologies of =0A=
the W3C itself, seems to be quite sensible.</SPAN></P>=0A=
<P dir=3Dltr><SPAN =0A=
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Unicode MS'">The =0A=
beauty of current technologies like XSL (T and FO) and database to XML =0A=
converters is that you can have quite a lot of formats. Profusion of =
formats =0A=
becomes problematic, and hence the consideration of metamodels which =
allow for =0A=
extensibility for specific purposes (see documents on <A =0A=
href=3D"http://www.tc37sc4.org/">www.tc37sc4.org</A> dealing with LMF =
for =0A=
example). Many computer programmers are more than capable of dealing =
with format =0A=
conversions. Selecting one, or more, poses no problems as far as I can =
tell. I =0A=
would, though, encourage the provision of interchange routines alongside =
the =0A=
formatted data. Theoretically, as yet I see no =
problems.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>=0A=
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- there will be millions/billions of pages referencing the DTD, the =0A=
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<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>=0A=
<P dir=3Dltr><SPAN =0A=
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Some evaluations are needed about the resulting traffic and the CPU load =
before =0A=
IANA can just discuss<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>=0A=
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style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
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New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; =
mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Why =0A=
would it? I don&#8217;t look at a dictionary every time I write a word, =
then apply a =0A=
spell check to that word and a grammar check to the sentence so far. =
Moore&#8217;s law =0A=
applies to the technology. Around 5 exabytes of new information are =
estimated to =0A=
be created every year. A billion pages isn&#8217;t a lot &#8211; how =
many does Google =0A=
currently claim to handle? How many will it handle in 2 years? I suggest =
you =0A=
investigate the number of page impressions handled by certain existing =
web =0A=
servers technologies (Apache) and present a scientific argument about =
the =0A=
possible future limitations of the technology for handling the =
application, =0A=
rather than faulting the application. Stating that DoS attacks should =
prevent =0A=
people from undertaking these efforts is akin to putting the cart before =
the =0A=
horse. </SPAN></DIV>=0A=
<DIV dir=3Dltr><SPAN =0A=
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times =
New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; =
mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>=0A=
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New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; =
mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">I =0A=
do have a proposal . Following your scientific argument about the =
possible =0A=
future limitation of the technology, you approach the right parties =
about fixing =0A=
DoS problems. If, as you say,&nbsp;if only 2.5% are valid =
requests,&nbsp;based =0A=
on figures from where I know not,&nbsp;and you work towards reducing the =
97.5% =0A=
by just another 2.5% you will double the capacity at a stroke and remove =
the =0A=
barriers to the valuable work being undertaken here. How does that =
sound? =0A=
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From: "Jon Hanna" <jon@hackcraft.net>
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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> The resulting plain text ASCII RfC and registry could be messy,
> from the POV of a reader.  One or two literal &#1234; or u+04D2
> in a paragraph are okay, but numerous of these beasts are ugly.

It would (and I'd hope eventually will) be much nicer if the RFC rules
allowed for UTF-8 wouldn't it?

Still, I'd imagine that the said XML section would be an appendix that
anyone studying in earnest would view as XML, rather than as ASCII source
formatted to fit the RFC line-width rules, so I don't foresee this being a
major issue.

Regards,
Jon Hanna
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From: "Scott Hollenbeck" <sah@428cobrajet.net>
To: "'Frank Ellermann'" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
Date: Thu, 24 Mar 2005 07:09:01 -0500
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> Apparently you want a completely new DTD for this purpose.
> Does _any_ IANA registry use XML ?

Yes -- take a look at these:

http://www.iana.org/assignments/xml-registry-index.html

-Scott-


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 24 08:34:21 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
Date: Thu, 24 Mar 2005 05:32:55 -0800
Message-ID: <634978A7DF025A40BFEF33EB191E13BC0AB82E84@irvmbxw01.quest.com>
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
Thread-Index: AcUwOcSf0OSQS29wRGqczGqZn1lpRAALc2ugAANKvCA=
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Jon Hanna" <jon@hackcraft.net>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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We can change the definition of a text-based version of the registry to =
use UTF-8, although that imposes a certain burden on users that a string =
ASCII regime does not. (Did I write that? I cannot believe I'm defending =
an ASCII solution for this...)

XML uses Unicode by definition, although we might choose to restrict the =
registry file's actual encoding to ASCII for similar reasons.

The question about lots of non-ASCII (JFC's comment) is a spurious one: =
by rule it should be limited to the name of the described language or =
language part in that language or to descriptive fields (both =
informative). The normative data would still be restricted to ASCII.

I agree that the initial registry need not be RFC text per-se. I do note =
that there is no reason that the initial registry *values* couldn't be =
listed in one format (say record-jar) and the normative registry itself =
be in another (such as XML).

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Jon Hanna
> Sent: jeudi 24 mars 2005 03:55
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
>=20
> > The resulting plain text ASCII RfC and registry could be messy,
> > from the POV of a reader.  One or two literal &#1234; or u+04D2
> > in a paragraph are okay, but numerous of these beasts are ugly.
>=20
> It would (and I'd hope eventually will) be much nicer if the RFC rules
> allowed for UTF-8 wouldn't it?
>=20
> Still, I'd imagine that the said XML section would be an appendix that
> anyone studying in earnest would view as XML, rather than as ASCII =
source
> formatted to fit the RFC line-width rules, so I don't foresee this =
being a
> major issue.
>=20
> Regards,
> Jon Hanna
> Work: <http://www.selkieweb.com/>
> Play: <http://www.hackcraft.net/>
> Chat: <irc://irc.freenode.net/selkie>
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 24 08:55:59 2005
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From: John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
To: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] is there some wiskey in the jar - [was: Registry in
	record-jar format]
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin scripsit:

> I suppose that the total 
> amount of registrations may be in the range of  30-100.000.

The number of potential tags far exceeds that already.  The number of
useful tags is rather less.  But in any case, the whole point of
RFC 3066bis is to register only tag parts (and in 99% of cases directly
tracking the various ISO standards).

> Plus private 
> registration - over the years this may amount to millions if SNHNs start 
> playing the way every indication show they will.

What are these "indications"?

> I note also that for such a standardized and hopefully stable formatted 
> system, the format can certainly be prototyped in using XML but a more
> compact solution should to be considered. Most probably UDP supported.

Nobody supposes that the tag registry must or should be retrieved in
real time as the DNS is.  Caching, lots of private caching, is the
order of the day, and it is already going on.

> I do not know why but I feel we are considering a gas refinery where a 
> straw would be enough to sip the wiskey in the -jar.

The straw in question is the strawman argument you are making.

-- 
Do NOT stray from the path!             John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
        --Gandalf                       http://www.ccil.org/~cowan

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At 12:06 24/03/2005, L.Gillam wrote:
> > The load resulting from RFC 3066 bis is more substantial since there =
are
> > far more languages, possible subtags and resulting langtags to regist=
er and
> > manage
>[snip]
>
>One might suggest that if a future ISO 639-4 provides for ISO 11179-3 /=20
>ISO 12620 (in revision) conformant collections (XML-based), and eventual=
ly=20
>perhaps ISO 3166 and 15924 could go the same way, an XML-based RFC 3066 =
is=20
>a composition with additional documentation, and the pages themselves fo=
rm=20
>part of what one might suggest to be the semantic web. Such an approach,=
=20
>based on technologies of the W3C itself, seems to be quite sensible.
>
>The beauty of current technologies like XSL (T and FO) and database to X=
ML=20
>converters is that you can have quite a lot of formats. Profusion of=20
>formats becomes problematic, and hence the consideration of metamodels=20
>which allow for extensibility for specific purposes (see documents on=20
><http://www.tc37sc4.org/>www.tc37sc4.org dealing with LMF for example).=20
>Many computer programmers are more than capable of dealing with format=20
>conversions. Selecting one, or more, poses no problems as far as I can=20
>tell. I would, though, encourage the provision of interchange routines=20
>alongside the formatted data. Theoretically, as yet I see no problems.

Dear L.Gillam,
I think you have yourself responded to your remark: "theoretically, as ye=
t=20
you see no problems". I am not talking of theory, but of reality. From wh=
at=20
you write about "many computer progammers" you probably are not a=20
programer. I suspect that having no problem in selecting "one, or more,=20
poses no problem" you are not a normalizer either. But the real problem I=
=20
rise is not technical but financial: who is going to pay for all these=20
things. The other point I rise is also operational, because even if=20
theoretically possible, even if paid, there is the difficulty of deployin=
g=20
it. As you may know for example, IPv6 which is the top priority deploymen=
t=20
for the Internet for ... 13 years.

> > - there will be millions/billions of pages referencing the DTD, the u=
rls,
> > etc. which will lead to a IANA access 24/366.
> > Some evaluations are needed about the resulting traffic and the CPU=20
> load before IANA can just discuss
>Why would it? I don't look at a dictionary every time I write a word, th=
en=20
>apply a spell check to that word and a grammar check to the sentence so=20
>far. Moore's law applies to the technology.

Happily, the law of Moore does not necessarily apply. BTW I am no sure th=
at=20
you realise that quoting the law of Moore make you lingua franca centric.=
=20
In your reasoning, the law of Reed applies (from each language to each=20
language). Happily, I don't think either necessarily apply.

>Around 5 exabytes of new information are estimated to be created every=20
>year. A billion pages isn't a lot =96 how many does Google currently cla=
im=20
>to handle? How many will it handle in 2 years? I suggest you investigate=
=20
>the number of page impressions handled by certain existing web servers=20
>technologies (Apache) and present a scientific argument about the possib=
le=20
>future limitations of the technology for handling the application, rathe=
r=20
>than faulting the application. Stating that DoS attacks should prevent=20
>people from undertaking these efforts is akin to putting the cart before=
=20
>the horse.

I am afraid I do not understand the developped argument. I just ask that=20
before specifying something real, one gets a real picture of what it=20
implies and requires.

>  I do have a proposal . Following your scientific argument about the=20
> possible future limitation of the technology, you approach the right=20
> parties about fixing DoS problems. If, as you say, if only 2.5% are val=
id=20
> requests, based on figures from where I know not, and you work towards=20
> reducing the 97.5% by just another 2.5% you will double the capacity at=
 a=20
> stroke and remove the barriers to the valuable work being undertaken=20
> here. How does that sound?

That sound so fine that I suggest you get elected to the ICANN board to=20
explain them that :-)
Or may be that you join the WG-DNSOPS=20
http://ietf.org/html.charters/dnsop-charter.html,
or may be support the CRADA=20
http://www.icann.org/general/crada-report-summary-14mar03.htm,
the results of which are well documented by Karl Auerbach (may be you kno=
w=20
Karl?)
http://www.cavebear.com/cbblog-archives/000007.html.

Actually, I do not know what prompted to respond this. And I tried to=20
respond it as friendly possible to show you that reality is not so easy t=
o=20
implement as writing or debating a Draft. But at the end of the day what=20
makes a difference is feasibility. I will just ask you (this matter has n=
ot=20
been discussed): what it is the calendar you think realistic for the IANA=
=20
database to be operational? Milestones for the work to be achieved would =
be=20
of use. Having an RFC saying this is "how it should be done", may not be=20
enough to document the langtags of 7500 languages in 192 countries, with =
a=20
15 days discussion period per language, represents how many days of=20
exchanges on ietf-languages@alvestrand.no ?

So when will this WG plans the programers, users and other standardizers =
be=20
reasonably able to use the IANA database in real operations?
jfc



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At 12:06 24/03/2005, L.Gillam wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D""><font face=3D"arial" size=3D=
2>&gt;
The load resulting from RFC 3066 bis is more substantial since there
are<br>
&gt; far more languages, possible subtags and resulting langtags to
register and<br>
&gt; manage<br>
[snip]<br><br>
One might suggest that if a future ISO 639-4 provides for ISO 11179-3 /
ISO 12620 (in revision) conformant collections (XML-based), and
eventually perhaps ISO 3166 and 15924 could go the same way, an XML-based
RFC 3066 is a composition with additional documentation, and the pages
themselves form part of what one might suggest to be the semantic web.
Such an approach, based on technologies of the W3C itself, seems to be
quite sensible.<br><br>
The beauty of current technologies like XSL (T and FO) and database to
XML converters is that you can have quite a lot of formats. Profusion of
formats becomes problematic, and hence the consideration of metamodels
which allow for extensibility for specific purposes (see documents on
<a href=3D"http://www.tc37sc4.org/">www.tc37sc4.org</a> dealing with LMF
for example). Many computer programmers are more than capable of dealing
with format conversions. Selecting one, or more, poses no problems as far
as I can tell. I would, though, encourage the provision of interchange
routines alongside the formatted data. Theoretically, as yet I see no
problems.</font></blockquote><br>
Dear L.Gillam,<br>
I think you have yourself responded to your remark: &quot;theoretically,
as yet you see no problems&quot;. I am not talking of theory, but of
reality. From what you write about &quot;many computer progammers&quot;
you probably are not a programer. I suspect that having no problem in
selecting &quot;one, or more, poses no problem&quot; you are not a
normalizer either. But the real problem I rise is not technical but
financial: who is going to pay for all these things. The other point I
rise is also operational, because even if theoretically possible, even if
paid, there is the difficulty of deploying it. As you may know for
example, IPv6 which is the top priority deployment for the Internet for
... 13 years.<br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D""><font face=3D"arial" size=3D=
2>&gt; -
there will be millions/billions of pages referencing the DTD, the
urls,<br>
&gt; etc. which will lead to a IANA access 24/366. <br>
&gt; Some evaluations are needed about the resulting traffic and the CPU
load before IANA can just discuss<br>
Why would it? I don=92t look at a dictionary every time I write a word,
then apply a spell check to that word and a grammar check to the sentence
so far. Moore=92s law applies to the technology. </font></blockquote><br>
Happily, the law of Moore does not necessarily apply. BTW I am no sure
that you realise that quoting the law of Moore make you lingua franca
centric. In your reasoning, the law of Reed applies (from each language
to each language). Happily, I don't think either necessarily
apply.<br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D""><font face=3D"arial" size=3D=
2>Around
5 exabytes of new information are estimated to be created every year. A
billion pages isn=92t a lot =96 how many does Google currently claim to
handle? How many will it handle in 2 years? I suggest you investigate the
number of page impressions handled by certain existing web servers
technologies (Apache) and present a scientific argument about the
possible future limitations of the technology for handling the
application, rather than faulting the application. Stating that DoS
attacks should prevent people from undertaking these efforts is akin to
putting the cart before the horse. </font></blockquote><br>
I am afraid I do not understand the developped argument. I just ask that
before specifying something real, one gets a real picture of what it
implies and requires. <br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D""><font face=3D"arial" size=3D=
2>&nbsp;I
do have a proposal . Following your scientific argument about the
possible future limitation of the technology, you approach the right
parties about fixing DoS problems. If, as you say, if only 2.5% are valid
requests, based on figures from where I know not, and you work towards
reducing the 97.5% by just another 2.5% you will double the capacity at a
stroke and remove the barriers to the valuable work being undertaken
here. How does that sound? </font></blockquote><br>
That sound so fine that I suggest you get elected to the ICANN board to
explain them that :-) <br>
Or may be that you join the WG-DNSOPS
<a href=3D"http://ietf.org/html.charters/dnsop-charter.html" eudora=3D"au=
tourl">http://ietf.org/html.charters/dnsop-charter.html</a>,<br>
or may be support the CRADA
<a href=3D"http://www.icann.org/general/crada-report-summary-14mar03.htm"=
 eudora=3D"autourl">http://www.icann.org/general/crada-report-summary-14m=
ar03.htm</a>,<br>
the results of which are well documented by Karl Auerbach (may be you
know Karl?)<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.cavebear.com/cbblog-archives/000007.html" eudora=3D=
"autourl">http://www.cavebear.com/cbblog-archives/000007.html</a>.<br><br=
>
Actually, I do not know what prompted to respond this. And I tried to
respond it as friendly possible to show you that reality is not so easy
to implement as writing or debating a Draft. But at the end of the day
what makes a difference is feasibility. I will just ask you (this matter
has not been discussed): what it is the calendar you think realistic for
the IANA database to be operational? Milestones for the work to be
achieved would be of use. Having an RFC saying this is &quot;how it
should be done&quot;, may not be enough to document the langtags of 7500
languages in 192 countries, with a 15 days discussion period per
language, represents how many days of exchanges on
ietf-languages@alvestrand.no ?<br><br>
So when will this WG plans the programers, users and other standardizers
be reasonably able to use the IANA database in real operations?<br>
jfc<br><br>
<br><br>
<blockquote type=3Dcite class=3Dcite cite=3D"">__________________________=
_____________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
Ltru@lists.ietf.org<br>
<a href=3D"https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" eudora=3D"autourl=
">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a></blockquote></body>
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 24 10:00:06 2005
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At 14:32 24/03/2005, Addison Phillips wrote:
>The question about lots of non-ASCII (JFC's comment) is a spurious one: by 
>rule it should be limited to the name of the described language or 
>language part in that language or to descriptive fields (both 
>informative). The normative data would still be restricted to ASCII.

I am always happy to read constructive comments. Obviously ASCII fits the 
ASCII Internet. The question is will it fit the Multilingual Internet we 
all work on?

I am just interested to know if what you consider spurious is "non-ASCII" 
or "lots". And if you think user's descriptive fields MUST or SHOULD be in 
ASCII (obviously only a MUST would go your way). Also, when you speak of 
normative data, do you speak of normative codes and numbers or of all the 
data in the norm, i.e. including French texts, (and happily sometimes, for 
the language norms Chinese, Russian, Arabic, etc. will be supported - again 
only a question of budget and international agreements we do not control)? 
ASCII will not even fully support French which is a normative language.

jfc




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At 14:54 24/03/2005, John Cowan wrote:
>JFC (Jefsey) Morfin scripsit:
> > I suppose that the total
> > amount of registrations may be in the range of  30-100.000.
>
>The number of potential tags far exceeds that already.  The number of
>useful tags is rather less.

I rise a question, I do not dispute anything.
Can you quantify/qualify what is useful?

>But in any case, the whole point of
>RFC 3066bis is to register only tag parts (and in 99% of cases directly
>tracking the various ISO standards).

So, what is the need for any registration?

> > Plus private
> > registration - over the years this may amount to millions if SNHNs start
> > playing the way every indication show they will.
>
>What are these "indications"

You are welcome to work on this yourself. You will certainly better 
document them than I could.

> > I note also that for such a standardized and hopefully stable formatted
> > system, the format can certainly be prototyped in using XML but a more
> > compact solution should to be considered. Most probably UDP supported.
>
>Nobody supposes that the tag registry must or should be retrieved in
>real time as the DNS is.  Caching, lots of private caching, is the
>order of the day, and it is already going on.

I am extremely interested if you could document these IANA caching 
mechanisms. Distributed IANA is precisely what we (AFRAC) work on as a 
protoype Context Reference Center.

> > I do not know why but I feel we are considering a gas refinery where a
> > straw would be enough to sip the wiskey in the -jar.
>
>The straw in question is the strawman argument you are making.

Oh! no problem: I am then a strawman for a few 30 years :-)

jfc


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Date: Thu, 24 Mar 2005 15:00:05 +0000
From: Misha Wolf <Misha.Wolf@reuters.com>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] is there some wiskey in the jar - [was: Registry in
	record-jar format]
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin:
=20
<quote>
Let remember that we have 7500 languages and=20
240 countries (rough figures), I suppose that the total amount of=20
registrations may be in the range of  30-100.000. Plus private
registration=20
- over the years this may amount to millions if SNHNs start playing the
way=20
every indication show they will.
</quote>

I'm convinced that you live on a different planet from the rest of us.

Misha





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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
Date: Thu, 24 Mar 2005 07:41:42 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of JFC (Jefsey) Morfin

> I am just interested to know if what you consider spurious is
"non-ASCII"
> or "lots". And if you think user's descriptive fields MUST or SHOULD
be in
> ASCII (obviously only a MUST would go your way). Also, when you speak
of
> normative data, do you speak of normative codes and numbers or of all
the
> data in the norm, i.e. including French texts, (and happily sometimes,
for
> the language norms Chinese, Russian, Arabic, etc. will be supported -
> again
> only a question of budget and international agreements we do not
control)?

Please do NOT consider adding names of languages, scripts, regions, etc.
in multiple languages (the Chinese name for "Devanagari" etc.) to the
registry. This should not be a localization-data repository. The last
thing we need is to have the registry data file bloat to some huge size.




Peter Constable

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 24 10:57:34 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
Date: Thu, 24 Mar 2005 07:55:28 -0800
Message-ID: <634978A7DF025A40BFEF33EB191E13BC0AB82F4D@irvmbxw01.quest.com>
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
Thread-Index: AcUwgkOD7NP3u4TNRC6A7jbmVDiYiQABRWdAAABSWoA=
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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For the record, the suggestion was to replace or augment the current:

   8. Native name of the language or variation (transcribed into ASCII):

... with the native name of the language or variation. In some cases =
there may be several of these (witness zh-hakka, although one suspects =
these are all represented by the same or at least a smaller set of =
ideographs). There are also some regions that have naming problems in =
ASCII (ISO 3166 shows the =C5land Islands surrounded by a sea of ASCII).

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Peter Constable
> Sent: jeudi 24 mars 2005 07:42
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
>=20
> > From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org =
[mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
> On
> > Behalf Of JFC (Jefsey) Morfin
>=20
> > I am just interested to know if what you consider spurious is
> "non-ASCII"
> > or "lots". And if you think user's descriptive fields MUST or SHOULD
> be in
> > ASCII (obviously only a MUST would go your way). Also, when you =
speak
> of
> > normative data, do you speak of normative codes and numbers or of =
all
> the
> > data in the norm, i.e. including French texts, (and happily =
sometimes,
> for
> > the language norms Chinese, Russian, Arabic, etc. will be supported =
-
> > again
> > only a question of budget and international agreements we do not
> control)?
>=20
> Please do NOT consider adding names of languages, scripts, regions, =
etc.
> in multiple languages (the Chinese name for "Devanagari" etc.) to the
> registry. This should not be a localization-data repository. The last
> thing we need is to have the registry data file bloat to some huge =
size.
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Peter Constable
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 24 11:38:07 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
Date: Thu, 24 Mar 2005 08:36:31 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
Thread-Index: AcUwgbTZGlHIkapdSgm8qobKtaTHwgACDi7g
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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Normative data in 3066bis would be the subtags, subtag type identifiers, =
ISO 8601 dates, canonical mappings, and recommended prefixes. =
Non-normative fields would be descriptions and notes.

These normative fields are restricted to ASCII because language tags are =
or because ISO 8601 says so.

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: JFC (Jefsey) Morfin [mailto:jefsey@jefsey.com]
> Sent: jeudi 24 mars 2005 06:25
> To: Addison Phillips; ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
>=20
> At 14:32 24/03/2005, Addison Phillips wrote:
> >The question about lots of non-ASCII (JFC's comment) is a spurious =
one:
> by
> >rule it should be limited to the name of the described language or
> >language part in that language or to descriptive fields (both
> >informative). The normative data would still be restricted to ASCII.
>=20
> I am always happy to read constructive comments. Obviously ASCII fits =
the
> ASCII Internet. The question is will it fit the Multilingual Internet =
we
> all work on?
>=20
> I am just interested to know if what you consider spurious is =
"non-ASCII"
> or "lots". And if you think user's descriptive fields MUST or SHOULD =
be in
> ASCII (obviously only a MUST would go your way). Also, when you speak =
of
> normative data, do you speak of normative codes and numbers or of all =
the
> data in the norm, i.e. including French texts, (and happily sometimes, =
for
> the language norms Chinese, Russian, Arabic, etc. will be supported -
> again
> only a question of budget and international agreements we do not =
control)?
> ASCII will not even fully support French which is a normative =
language.
>=20
> jfc
>=20
>=20



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Subject: [Ltru] is there some wiskey in the jar - [was: Registry in
	record-jar format]
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

> Also, before that I am not sure ietf-languages can cope with that
> workload (with a 15 days debate, etc.). Let remember that we have 7500
> languages and 240 countries (rough figures), I suppose that the total
> amount of registrations may be in the range of  30-100.000.

This has been explained to Jefsey already, more than once, on the
ietf-languages list.  But for those who may be hearing this for the
first time:

1.  RFC 3066bis, like RFC 3066 and RFC 1766 before it, has what is
called a "generative" mechanism.  Language tags are generated from the
combination of a primary language subtag and an optional region
(country) subtag.  That means if there are N language subtags and M
region subtags, the number of possible tags based on these subtags is (N
x M), but the number of things that need to be registered is only (N +
M).  So there is no need to register 100,000 of anything.

RFC 3066bis introduces more types of subtags, but the arithmetic is
still the same.

2.  In the initial registry, subtags derived from code elements in ISO
standards do not need to be "registered" one by one, using the same
lengthy review process that is now needed to register special
combinations under RFC 3066.  They are included in the registry by
acclamation, as it were.  All we have to do -- we, this group, not IANA
or ietf-languages -- is determine the rules for which code elements are
admitted and which are not.  So we don't even have to register (N + M)
items as above.

3.  RFC 3066bis in its present form does not support ISO 639-3 with its
7500+ additional languages.  That is only a draft at this stage, not an
approved standard, as we JUST got done saying.  So any arithmetic
involving 7500+ languages is misleading on its face.

> Plus private registration - over the years this may amount to millions
> if SNHNs start playing the way every indication show they will. The
> first question about this is: who will pay?

Private-use tags and subtags are private-use.  They are not included in
the registry.  If anyone wants to create a private-use tag or subtag,
they bear any costs of doing so.  How could it be otherwise?

> - there will be millions/billions of pages referencing the DTD, the
> urls, etc. which will lead to a IANA access 24/366. Some evaluations
> are needed about the resulting traffic and the CPU load before IANA
> can just discuss it. I am not sure, but we are replicating bigger than
> the DNS root here.

You are not sure.  That much is true.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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If we did that, it should be an optional, additional field.

=E2=80=8EMark

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>; <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, March 24, 2005 07:55
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format


For the record, the suggestion was to replace or augment the current:

   8. Native name of the language or variation (transcribed into ASCII):

... with the native name of the language or variation. In some cases ther=
e
may be several of these (witness zh-hakka, although one suspects these ar=
e
all represented by the same or at least a smaller set of ideographs). The=
re
are also some regions that have naming problems in ASCII (ISO 3166 shows =
the
=C3=85land Islands surrounded by a sea of ASCII).

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Peter Constable
> Sent: jeudi 24 mars 2005 07:42
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
>
> > From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org=
]
> On
> > Behalf Of JFC (Jefsey) Morfin
>
> > I am just interested to know if what you consider spurious is
> "non-ASCII"
> > or "lots". And if you think user's descriptive fields MUST or SHOULD
> be in
> > ASCII (obviously only a MUST would go your way). Also, when you speak
> of
> > normative data, do you speak of normative codes and numbers or of all
> the
> > data in the norm, i.e. including French texts, (and happily sometimes=
,
> for
> > the language norms Chinese, Russian, Arabic, etc. will be supported -
> > again
> > only a question of budget and international agreements we do not
> control)?
>
> Please do NOT consider adding names of languages, scripts, regions, etc.
> in multiple languages (the Chinese name for "Devanagari" etc.) to the
> registry. This should not be a localization-data repository. The last
> thing we need is to have the registry data file bloat to some huge size.
>
>
>
>
> Peter Constable
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
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I wrote:

> > Please do NOT consider adding names of languages, scripts, regions,
etc.
> > in multiple languages (the Chinese name for "Devanagari" etc.) to
the
> > registry. This should not be a localization-data repository. The
last
> > thing we need is to have the registry data file bloat to some huge
size.

to which Addison replied:


> For the record, the suggestion was to replace or augment the current:
>=20
>    8. Native name of the language or variation (transcribed into
ASCII):
>=20
> ... with the native name of the language or variation.

I was responding to our not-always-helpful contributor JFC, who, because
he believes we should be working toward "multilingualization" rather
than "internationalization" (in quotes because I cannot guarantee that
he uses that term to mean what anybody else means), appears very
definitely to be wanting to be able to document the names of languages
as expressed in every other language. He replied off-list to my comment
above saying so.


Peter Constable

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From: Misha Wolf <Misha.Wolf@reuters.com>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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I suggest we=20


-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On Behalf Of=20
Sent: 24 March 2005 18:47
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format

I wrote:

> > Please do NOT consider adding names of languages, scripts, regions,
etc.
> > in multiple languages (the Chinese name for "Devanagari" etc.) to
the
> > registry. This should not be a localization-data repository. The
last
> > thing we need is to have the registry data file bloat to some huge
size.

to which Addison replied:


> For the record, the suggestion was to replace or augment the current:
>=20
>    8. Native name of the language or variation (transcribed into
ASCII):
>=20
> ... with the native name of the language or variation.

I was responding to our not-always-helpful contributor JFC, who, because
he believes we should be working toward "multilingualization" rather
than "internationalization" (in quotes because I cannot guarantee that
he uses that term to mean what anybody else means), appears very
definitely to be wanting to be able to document the names of languages
as expressed in every other language. He replied off-list to my comment
above saying so.


Peter Constable

_______________________________________________
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Ltru@lists.ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru



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Date: Thu, 24 Mar 2005 18:52:52 +0000
From: Misha Wolf <Misha.Wolf@reuters.com>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] OT: Registry in record-jar format
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[apologies for the last mail .. finger trouble]

Peter Constable wrote:

<quote>
I was responding to our not-always-helpful contributor JFC, who, because
he believes we should be working toward "multilingualization" rather
than "internationalization" (in quotes because I cannot guarantee that
he uses that term to mean what anybody else means), appears very
definitely to be wanting to be able to document the names of languages
as expressed in every other language. He replied off-list to my comment
above saying so.
</quote>

Let's club together for a Web page where JFC can translate the names of
millions (!) of languages into millions of languages.  That should keep
him off our backs for a week or two.

Misha





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Scott Hollenbeck wrote:

>> Does _any_ IANA registry use XML ?
 
> Yes -- take a look at these:
> http://www.iana.org/assignments/xml-registry-index.html

In that case some of us would probably love XML, and others
(like me) still prefer record-jar or another 2822-style.

For the latter it's also simple to split it into A..Z IANA
pages with 7000+ languages.

The DTD or schema could be an appendix in the registry draft.

For Unicode-tags (language in their native script) it's better
to translate XML into record-jar format, the other direction
would be a pain.
                 Bye, Frank



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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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At 03:11 25/03/2005, Frank Ellermann wrote:
>Scott Hollenbeck wrote:
>
> >> Does _any_ IANA registry use XML ?
>  > Yes -- take a look at these:
> > http://www.iana.org/assignments/xml-registry-index.html
>
>In that case some of us would probably love XML, and others
>(like me) still prefer record-jar or another 2822-style.

Please read RFC 3688 limitations including Part 6 on IANA considerations.

As one of those who will pay for that (ccTLDs) and will pay for mirrors 
(AFRAC), I thank those who have figures in mind to address my pending 
questions. I note that if the average load is one access per year per 
Internet user, the load of is 25 access per second. With root system ratio 
(which has been probably grown over time, but gives good examples of users 
behaviors) this represents 1000 accesses per seconds, hence picks (off DoS) 
of 10.000 and average piks of 3.000 (my guesstimate from comparable type of 
site - every correction/experience welcome).

jfc


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Addison Phillips wrote:

> Did I write that? I cannot believe I'm defending an ASCII
> solution for this...

<g>  There's nothing wrong with ASCII, it works everywhere.

> XML uses Unicode by definition, although we might choose to
> restrict the registry file's actual encoding to ASCII for
> similar reasons.

Let's say that we don't want any "language name in its native
script(s)" at the moment for 3066bis, it should be possible to
add it later.  IIRC Bruce wanted the official French names in
the relevant standards, but IMHO that leads nowhere - national
organizations are free to create their own official translations
of the registry.

> there is no reason that the initial registry *values*
> couldn't be listed in one format (say record-jar) and the
> normative registry itself be in another (such as XML).

Both formats are important, for 3066bis we don't need to decide
which form is "normative" and which is "derived", if we stick
to ASCII.  Only for more Unicode points XML is probably better.

Doug now has scripts to create the format with six columns, on
his system both XML and record-jar would be "derived" formats.

I don't see a problem with this, let's discuss potential DTDs.

Later you could add a DTD as appendix, and use the record-jar
field names in the text, if that's the shortest and simplest
way to define the semantics.
                            Bye, Frank



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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:

> Please read RFC 3688 limitations including Part 6 on IANA
> considerations.

Thanks, the last time I looked into this was when MARID tried
to get rid of some obscure XML-over-DNS ideas.  In the case
here I don't see a problem, the worst I'll ever try is to use
the W3C validator with the registry, because Addison said that
one advantage of XML is validation.

For a DTD with a SYSTEM identifier that works, I've tested it
with a SYSTEM "http://xml.resource.org/authoring/rfc2629.dtd"

For a FPI I'd know where I could ask the W3C validator team to
add it to their <http://validator.w3.org/sgml-lib> collection.

"Registry validation" is a very special case, nothing we need
to worry about.  A DTD is not good enough to handle the finer
points of the syntax like number of characters per subtag, and
the W3C validator is not tuned to handle XML, but these are all
Addison's problems.  I'm happy with ABNF and record-jar / 2822.

> As one of those who will pay for that (ccTLDs) and will pay
> for mirrors (AFRAC), I thank those who have figures in mind
> to address my pending questions.

How you mirror IANA is your problem, but if you can handle the
about 1 MB in 50,000 lines of a future 3066ter registry, then
you can also handle about 2 MB in an equivalent XML format.

You're IMHO not forced to squeeze this in a mobile device, and
you're not limited by display resolutions for Unicode fonts.
Or maybe you are, but then the size of a language tag registry
is not your most pressing problem.

                          Bye, Frank



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 24 23:41:31 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
Date: Thu, 24 Mar 2005 20:41:16 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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Well, one doesn't want to claim too much for any specific format. =
Validation of the registry's structure would be limited by the limits of =
what a DTD can reasonably do.

I like XML because there are lots of tools for working with it and doing =
useful things, but frankly you're correct that the Ur-format really =
doesn't matter. All of these formats are essentially just permutations =
of the same thing (absent that XML can do some structural backflips with =
multiple entries that are harder in record-jar format).

Size is also not a real limiting factor, especially once one factors in =
the ability to transform from one format to another.

I must admit that I think it a good idea, though, to choose one format =
for the normative registry and make the others an informative mirror of =
that. That answers the "where do I look" problem. I noticed yesterday, =
for example, that IANA's new format web page doesn't link properly to =
the language tag registration forms (the URI is mangled in the href), =
making certain information difficult to access. If there is more than =
one normative format and the registry copies ever get out of sync for =
some (human error?) reason, it is useful to know which registry version =
one is supposed to look at.

Otherwise, despite earlier arguments, the format isn't that important to =
me. Finishing the work is far more so.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> Sent: jeudi 24 mars 2005 20:04
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
>=20
> JFC (Jefsey) Morfin wrote:
>=20
> > Please read RFC 3688 limitations including Part 6 on IANA
> > considerations.
>=20
> Thanks, the last time I looked into this was when MARID tried
> to get rid of some obscure XML-over-DNS ideas.  In the case
> here I don't see a problem, the worst I'll ever try is to use
> the W3C validator with the registry, because Addison said that
> one advantage of XML is validation.
>=20
> For a DTD with a SYSTEM identifier that works, I've tested it
> with a SYSTEM "http://xml.resource.org/authoring/rfc2629.dtd"
>=20
> For a FPI I'd know where I could ask the W3C validator team to
> add it to their <http://validator.w3.org/sgml-lib> collection.
>=20
> "Registry validation" is a very special case, nothing we need
> to worry about.  A DTD is not good enough to handle the finer
> points of the syntax like number of characters per subtag, and
> the W3C validator is not tuned to handle XML, but these are all
> Addison's problems.  I'm happy with ABNF and record-jar / 2822.
>=20
> > As one of those who will pay for that (ccTLDs) and will pay
> > for mirrors (AFRAC), I thank those who have figures in mind
> > to address my pending questions.
>=20
> How you mirror IANA is your problem, but if you can handle the
> about 1 MB in 50,000 lines of a future 3066ter registry, then
> you can also handle about 2 MB in an equivalent XML format.
>=20
> You're IMHO not forced to squeeze this in a mobile device, and
> you're not limited by display resolutions for Unicode fonts.
> Or maybe you are, but then the size of a language tag registry
> is not your most pressing problem.
>=20
>                           Bye, Frank
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Preparations for smart matching
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Debbie Garside <debbie at ictmarketing dot co dot uk> wrote:

> RFC 3066bis seems intent on making
> tags as small as possible (am I wrong? Just my perception)

I do think this is overstating things a bit.  There's a point of view
that tags should be detailed, for accuracy, and another point of view
that tags should be general, for compatibility and to prevent searches
from missing them.  I don't think either side is 100% right or wrong.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

> Great, thanks, but we still need the normal RfC (2)822 folding
> for a proper I-D e.g. in line 4068 (107 characters).  The idea
> is to replace a space <SP> by <CrLf><SP>:

Good idea.  I wasn't sure which approach to use for line continuation.
I've gone ahead and adopted this one, without the tab, for the two lines
that extended beyond 80 characters (language 'cu' and grandfathered
'zh-min-nan').  This has now been uploaded.

>> This has no official sanction or consensus
>
> As soon as it's an I-D it's an "official draft registry".

We're not at that point yet.  There's been talk of making the registry
into an I-D, but I thought the most recent idea was to publish the rules
for initially populating it instead.

(BTW, nobody has commented yet on my recipe for populating the language
subtags, so I assume there's nothing dreadfully wrong with it.  I'll do
the other sections in similar fashion, perhaps this weekend.)

> At the moment I'm more worried about the size of the future
> registry for 7000+ languages, IANA is probably forced to split
> it somehow on its Web pages.

I'm not sure why that should be a problem.  Yeah, the file would get
bigger -- about 550,000 bytes bigger in record-jar format, or 340,000
bytes bigger in bar-delimited format, by my estimate -- but does that
cause any real problems?  You can now buy a 512 MB JumpDrive for 40 USD,
or a 200 GB hard drive for 100 USD; surely a registry of 600,000 bytes
isn't the greatest of our worries.  I would think the inconvenience of
dealing with multiple files and keeping them synchronized would be a
greater concern.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 25 01:33:04 2005
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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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Addison Phillips <addison dot phillips at quest dot com> wrote:

> For the record, the suggestion was to replace or augment the current:
>
>    8. Native name of the language or variation (transcribed into
>       ASCII):
>
> ... with the native name of the language or variation. In some cases
> there may be several of these (witness zh-hakka, although one suspects
> these are all represented by the same or at least a smaller set of
> ideographs). There are also some regions that have naming problems in
> ASCII (ISO 3166 shows the =C3=85land Islands surrounded by a sea of ASC=
II).

Mark Davis <mark dot davis at jtcsv dot com> responded:

> If we did that, it should be an optional, additional field.

I agree.  UN/LOCODE solves this problem by having two "name" fields, one
in Latin-1 and another smashed to ASCII (i.e. each non-ASCII letter
converted 1-to-1 to an ASCII letter, with no attempt to be
linguistically correct).  It seems to solve a problem they had.

I would be concerned about an attempt to expand "native name" beyond
Latin-1, though.  Although Unicode-capable systems are commonplace now
and we have the technology to display "Armenian" in Armenian and
"Chinese" in Han, real people still have to be able to read this stuff.
Not everyone using the registry will be capable of reading multiple
scripts, and we shouldn't look like we're doing it just to show off.

I'd just as soon give the =C3=85land Islands back their ring, give C=C3=B4=
te
d'Ivoire its circumflex and R=C3=A9union its acute, and pretty much leave=
 it
at that.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Subject: Re: Question: (was Re: [Ltru] Re: Populating the initial registry:
	Languages)
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Mark Davis <mark dot davis at jtcsv dot com> wrote:

> The safest and most robust policy is allow all codes that have ever
> been permitted by the source standards. My reasons are that
> (a) because of the instability of such sources, it was indeed a
> reasonable tactic to take use the first defined code for a given
> semantic, and that tactic was in widespread use, and
> (b) because 3066 and 1766 did not take into account the instability of
> the source standards, it was never clear which codes were in fact
> valid at any point in time for use in 3066 or 1766, so there was no
> guidance as to which code to use, or with what semantics.

OK, so far we have Mark taking this stand, and Frank taking the stand
that a cutoff date should be set, such as the publication of RFC 1766,
such that language and country codes deprecated before that date would
not be allowed in language tags.  And I agree with Mark.

Anyone else?  This is only 3 voices out of at least 15 active
participants in the group, which is not what anyone would call
consensus.

> However, because of the reuse of codes for unrelated entities by the
> source standards, we do have to impose some order in those cases where
> there is a conflict. For that, we have had in the drafts the use of a
> cut-off date for deciding which semantic to use in case of a conflict,
> such as with 'CS'.  In that particular case there is sufficient
> consensus to make that after the redefinition of CS to mean "Serbia
> and Montenegro": a date of January 1 2005 would capture that
> consensus. It would be safest not to put it at date of publication,
> simply because that take the risk (probably small, but unfortunately
> real) that the source standards would redefine a code after the draft
> has been discussed and approved, but before publication.

I wonder if we could solicit some sort of temporary moratorium from the
MAs that they would refrain from doing this at least until we can get
the RFCs out, presumably by the end of 2005.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Question
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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

>> Are you aware that 'jw' was not documented as an error by
>> ISO 639 RA/JAC until 2002?
>
> No, it wasn't clear whether this was a typo fixed 1988 or a
> typo fixed 2001, or maybe an old typo fixed long ago but now
> officially documented.

It doesn't matter; the result is the same.

> The in, iw, etc. cases are different, they were no typos.

It still doesn't matter.  If these codes were ever made available to
users, they were probably used.

> Actually it's not very important, do whatever you like, but
> don't use it to justify FQ or RH later when we come to the
> region codes. ;-)

It's not a matter of whatever *I* like.  Please don't go there.  This is
supposed to be a group effort.  I sure wish more people would speak up
on this so it wasn't just a matter of "what Frank wants" versus "what
Doug wants."

And yes, I will be consistent and describe the same approach for both
language and country codes, at least until there is some rough consensus
for doing otherwise.  Right now it's just Frank and Doug bickering about
it on the list.

>> Frank, please write a counterproposal.  I don't think it's
>> accomplishing anything to continue saying "Or we could
>> totally change the way country codes are handled" without a
>> document that the WG can discuss.
>
> I've already done that using the worst case CS as an example
> how it would work for a 3066bis-my-way introduced about 1989.
> Addison added the 3066bis-your-way version for the same case.
>
> IMHO these examples were clear, in a 3066bis-your-way all
> obsolete ISO 3166-1 codes are preserved using UN numbers for
> some new regions, in a 3066-bis-my-way ISO 3166-1 is used as
> is, if somebody wants a stable tag (guaranteed for centuries)
> he's forced to use UN numbers instead of ISO 3166-1.

All right, let's make it a more-or-less formal...

QUESTION:  Should the draft implement region-code stability: (a) by
preserving all assigned ISO 3166 codes with their original meaning,
except those that have already been reassigned, and using UN numeric
codes in the case of future reassignments; (b) by allowing UN codes in
parallel with ISO 3166 codes, as a preferred alternative, and
deprecating the ISO codes; or (c) same as (b), but NOT deprecating the
ISO codes?

I won't bother writing a pro and con for this one.  I think everyone
interested will be able to judge for themselves.

> Let's hope that "they" don't deprecate any country code while
> we are desperately trying to find a compromise.  We still want
> compatibility with anything that was valid under 1766 / 3066.

I couldn't agree more.  See my earlier remark about a temporary
moratorium.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

> 3. I remind that the Charter specifies that: "The RFC 3066 standard
> for language tags has been widely adopted in various protocols and
> text formats, including HTML, XML, and CLDR, as the best means of
> identifying languages and language preferences.". So, I will only
> quote your responses on CLDR and Unicode copyrigths in a waiver about
> the support of CLDR. Up to the IESG to decide if they maintain their
> Charter consideration on CLDR.

All this says is that CLDR uses language tags.  It does not say the LTRU
effort has any dependency on CLDR, and certainly has nothing to do with
the copyright status of CLDR or Unicode, or any IP issues at all really.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Addison Phillips <addison dot phillips at quest dot com> wrote:

> If we're going to consider different formats for the registry, might I
> suggest that an even better format would be XML?

You might.

Oh, all right, I'll do an XML version too and post it, so you guys can
see that one too.

XML has all the advantages and disadvantages that people have mentioned
so far, and probably many more of both.  XML is sort of like California:
anything anyone can say about it is true.

Actually I had wondered before about converting the registry to XML, but
wasn't sure how it should be structured.  (The eternal question:
"Elements or attributes?  Which will serve me best?")  For this version,
I'll use Addison's example blindly, but without any extra information
(such as URLs) that isn't already in the existing registry.  Don't hold
your breath; I'll announce when it's ready.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Peter Constable <petercon at microsoft dot com> wrote:

>> The RFC 3066bis generative syntax is a superset of the RFC 3066
>> generative syntax.  It allows things to be generated that cannot be
>> generated under RFC 3066.
>
> This needs a little clarification:
>
> RFC 3066 has a weak syntax that permits lots of strings; it sanctions
> a small set of those, requiring others to be registered explicitly.
>
> RFC3066bis has a stronger syntax that permits a much more restrictive
> set of strings than does RFC 3066. On the other hand, it sanctions a
> much larger portion of the strings its syntax permits, making the need
> for registration (as well as the possibilities for registration) more
> limited.

All of this is true.

The words "generative" and "generated" were central to what I wrote.
Frank had written:

> For existing RfC 3066 software en-Latn-US is gibberish.

It was clear to me that he was talking about generative tags, not about
the possibility of registering "en-Latn-US".  Speaking only for myself,
I'm not concerned about maintaining compatibility with parsers that
couldn't handle "en-Latn-US" even if it were registered.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 25 02:28:30 2005
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Date: Fri, 25 Mar 2005 02:27:10 -0500
To: Doug Ewell <dewell@adelphia.net>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Question
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Here's my take on Doug Ewell's question.  "Date A" means 1995-03-01,
the publication date of RFC 1766.  "Date B" means the publication date
of the new BCP that replaces RFC 3066.  These dates could be changed
without affecting my judgments very much.

> QUESTION:  Should the draft implement region-code stability: (a) by
> preserving all assigned ISO 3166 codes with their original meaning,

ISO codes terminated before Date A and not reassigned have never been
valid in 1766 or 3066 langtags, and should not be permitted.

ISO codes terminated after Date A and not reassigned before Date B
should be permitted and marked as deprecated, with the nearest equivalent
documented in the registry.

ISO codes in effect as of Date B, whether or not they were once assigned
to a different meaning, should be permitted in their meaning as of Date B.

> except those that have already been reassigned, and using UN numeric
> codes in the case of future reassignments;

UN codes that encode countries should only be allowed in the case of
the reassignment of an ISO 3166-1 code after Date B.

UN codes that encode regions of the world should be permitted.

> (b) by allowing UN codes in parallel with ISO 3166 codes, as a preferred
> alternative, and deprecating the ISO codes; or (c) same as (b), but
> NOT deprecating the ISO codes?

Having two codes for the same thing is always a bad idea and should not
be allowed unless a code reassignment after Date A but before Date B
makes it necessary.

-- 
After fixing the Y2K bug in an application:     John Cowan
        WELCOME TO <censored>                   cowan@ccil.org
        DATE: MONDAK, JANUARK 1, 1900           http://www.ccil.org/~cowan

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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Addison Phillips <addison dot phillips at quest dot com> wrote:

> I dimly recall, perhaps not correctly, that a few 3166 codes from the
> dim past have been reused.

Based on Clive Feather's page:

AI originally meant French Afars and Issas, was removed in 1977, and
reassigned to Anguilla sometime between 1982 and 1988.

GE originally meant Gilbert and Ellice Islands, was removed in 1979, and
reassigned to Georgia in 1992.

SK originally meant Sikkim, was removed in 1975, and reassigned to
Slovakia in 1993.

And of course, the one we all know and love:
CS originally meant Czechoslovakia, was removed in 1993, and reassigned
to Serbia and Montenegro in 2003.

> Is the RFC 1766 date Frank cites of use in excluding long stale codes
> that have been reused (i.e. don't make certain values canonical, allow
> some newer meanings in)? Otherwise I tend to agree with Mark.

No codes that have been reused can possibly be used with their old
meaning, by definition.  We have to use them with their new meaning.  CS
was the lone exception, but that was changed last December.

> Of course you've not got to regions yet: this is only language codes.
> On language codes, I would say take them all.

I think if we're going to use different criteria for language codes and
country codes, we'd better have a really good, defensible reason for
doing so.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 25 02:36:01 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Question
Date: Thu, 24 Mar 2005 23:34:53 -0800
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>, "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Ack. What John said, except add:

UN M.49 codes for regions for which no ISO code has ever been assigned.

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of John Cowan
> Sent: jeudi 24 mars 2005 23:27
> To: Doug Ewell
> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Question
>=20
> Here's my take on Doug Ewell's question.  "Date A" means 1995-03-01,
> the publication date of RFC 1766.  "Date B" means the publication date
> of the new BCP that replaces RFC 3066.  These dates could be changed
> without affecting my judgments very much.
>=20
> > QUESTION:  Should the draft implement region-code stability: (a) by
> > preserving all assigned ISO 3166 codes with their original meaning,
>=20
> ISO codes terminated before Date A and not reassigned have never been
> valid in 1766 or 3066 langtags, and should not be permitted.
>=20
> ISO codes terminated after Date A and not reassigned before Date B
> should be permitted and marked as deprecated, with the nearest =
equivalent
> documented in the registry.
>=20
> ISO codes in effect as of Date B, whether or not they were once =
assigned
> to a different meaning, should be permitted in their meaning as of =
Date B.
>=20
> > except those that have already been reassigned, and using UN numeric
> > codes in the case of future reassignments;
>=20
> UN codes that encode countries should only be allowed in the case of
> the reassignment of an ISO 3166-1 code after Date B.
>=20
> UN codes that encode regions of the world should be permitted.
>=20
> > (b) by allowing UN codes in parallel with ISO 3166 codes, as a =
preferred
> > alternative, and deprecating the ISO codes; or (c) same as (b), but
> > NOT deprecating the ISO codes?
>=20
> Having two codes for the same thing is always a bad idea and should =
not
> be allowed unless a code reassignment after Date A but before Date B
> makes it necessary.
>=20
> --
> After fixing the Y2K bug in an application:     John Cowan
>         WELCOME TO <censored>                   cowan@ccil.org
>         DATE: MONDAK, JANUARK 1, 1900           =
http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Doug Ewell wrote:

 [huge files]
> I'm not sure why that should be a problem.

The IETF has a collection of I-Ds somewhere, it crashed my old
browser.  That's only a problem with *huge* (X)HTML files.  If
somebody wants to know what "yec" is in 3066ter it could be a
pain to download the complete registry.

> You can now buy a 512 MB JumpDrive for 40 USD, or a 200 GB
> hard drive for 100 USD

I'm not planning to buy a new hard drive only to read a IANA
registry with language tags ;-)  I trust that IANA will split
it when necessary on its Web pages, and as you said it's no
problem for a 3066bis without the future ISO 639-3 languages.

                      Bye, Frank



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Doug Ewell wrote:

> I think if we're going to use different criteria for language
> codes and country codes, we'd better have a really good,
> defensible reason for doing so.

That's rather simple:  Compared with countries languages "live"
much longer.  ISO 639 promised that they'll never add a new
alpha-2 code where an alpha-3 code already exists.  They have
no reason to ever reassign any alpha-2 or alpha-3 code.  What
they offer is by definition stable.

OTOH ISO 3166-1 has only a very limited set of alpha-2 codes,
and they try to use acronyms or other mnemonics.  They are
forced to reassign codes from time to time, and even if they'd
guarantee a transition period of 50 years for deprecated codes
what they offer is by definition _not_ stable.

If we want to "freeze" ISO 3166-1 for stable codes we should at
least not block future uses of old codes which were never used
in RfC 3066 language tags,
                            Bye, Frank



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From: "Scott Hollenbeck" <sah@428cobrajet.net>
To: "'Frank Ellermann'" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
Date: Fri, 25 Mar 2005 07:16:14 -0500
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> I'm not planning to buy a new hard drive only to read a IANA
> registry with language tags ;-)  I trust that IANA will split
> it when necessary on its Web pages, and as you said it's no
> problem for a 3066bis without the future ISO 639-3 languages.

I wouldn't trust IANA to do anything without explicit instructions.
Potential structural issues (and recommendations to address them) would be
best described in an "IANA Considerations" section.

-Scott-


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Doug,
I extensively use my footer to evangelize about this WG's work (it informs 
people and leave them free to make their mind). I would appreciate (as well 
as anyone else maintaining a file on line of relevance to this work) to 
give the exact wording they wish I add for their file.

At 07:25 /03/2005, Doug E well wrote:
>(BTW, nobody has commented yet on my recipe for populating the language
>subtags, so I assume there's nothing dreadfully wrong with it.  I'll do
>the other sections in similar fashion, perhaps this weekend.)

Could you please make it a clean part that we could include in our Draft?

> > At the moment I'm more worried about the size of the future
> > registry for 7000+ languages, IANA is probably forced to split
> > it somehow on its Web pages.
>
>I'm not sure why that should be a problem.  Yeah, the file would get
>bigger -- about 550,000 bytes bigger in record-jar format, or 340,000
>bytes bigger in bar-delimited format, by my estimate -- but does that
>cause any real problems?  You can now buy a 512 MB JumpDrive for 40 USD,
>or a 200 GB hard drive for 100 USD; surely a registry of 600,000 bytes
>isn't the greatest of our worries.  I would think the inconvenience of
>dealing with multiple files and keeping them synchronized would be a
>greater concern.

The problem as usual is the usage made of it, and the load imposed on IANA 
and private mirrors. I will take an example for you to understand people's 
behavior. There is a small DNS resolver for end users which has no 
permanent cache (its starts when you power-up). The first thing it does 
when you want to use an URL is to call _all_ the root servers (13 calls), 
while average usage may result in one call over may be tens of thousands of 
calls. If for any reason someone finds useful or funny or money making to 
call the file it will result huge traffic and CPU load.

Another point we try to consider is the developing countries and islands 
problems. ADSL US or European or Korean traffic costs nothing. But 600,0000 
at real 500 characters per second or less is 1200 seconds. When you know 
that in some countries one hour of internet equals one day work salary, you 
see the digital divide this represents for some of the really most involved 
searchers.

The real issue is the CRCD (context reference compact disk). This is the CD 
any ISP, Gov, Telco, will have to produce to include all these information 
everyone needs and which are so costly sold by ISO, ITU, terminology, 
programs, standardization organization or not distributed by searchers 
however funded by Gov or Intl budget. And the format/program to get it out 
the CRCD towards real life applications (mail, browsers, blogs, firewalls, 
etc.) trough appropriate OPES.

We try to find money to sponsor a "data in the air" program. All over the 
world Teletex broadcasts 600 bps per second on TV. Some are extensively 
used, some are not. This means that a free daily datajournal of 3 Meg 
maximum is available to everyone (with FEC and with cycles for vital 
information updates - warnings, available beds in hospitals, missing 
children, catastrophe maps [TV is usually the first media which is restored 
and its foot path is better than mobiles and wi-fi], etc. etc.). In this we 
think we could broadcast daily updated news and weekly information. We 
cannot reasonably do a longer cycle, even with small solar batteries, due 
to the possible failures.This means the we can reasonably think of a 10 Meg 
"disk in the air" system (a DIA system can cost as low as $ 200, with a few 
USB ports).

Permitting people to exchange in different languages over real time 
information is of the essence for international assistance for example. So 
languages, terminology, etc. are an important elements. But at the same 
time we need to qualify that information, to keep it as dense as possible, 
to "culturalize it" to that end (because a DoS costs too much - and this is 
why IP is not a proper vehicle, and IPSec is costly). This is where you 
find that ISO 3166 is of importance but it does not address the diaspora, 
the immigration, de cultural, the corporate, the reader/viewers classes, 
etc. This is where you understand that Governments on_the_network are also 
perceived through their e-regalian embodiment of services - and possible 
interference with CRCs.

FYI our DIA effort will be dedicated to IEMS a small team of a WU shop who 
had started an inter-mail systems bridge. Mexico City known a big earth 
break and for hours all the international assistance coordination went 
though one of their customer's mail system to their ITT mailbox. No one 
really praised them, but many lifes and sufferances were spared that day 
because of their small async 300 bps service.

jfc









======================================================
Standardizing Tags for the Identification of Languages should not be a way
to standardize languages and to unify the world under a dominant culture.
======================================================
For your convenience:
RFC 3066: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt?number=3066
Draft: 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
======================================================
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
======================================================
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far as
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
======================================================
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978, should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
======================================================


_______________________________________________
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 25 08:07:15 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Question
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On 08:23 25/03/2005, Addison Phillips said:
>content-class: urn:content-classes:message
>Content-Type: text/plain;
>         charset="utf-8"
>
> > QUESTION:  Should the draft implement region-code stability: (a) by
> > preserving all assigned ISO 3166 codes with their original meaning,
> > except those that have already been reassigned, and using UN numeric
> > codes in the case of future reassignments; (b) by allowing UN codes in
> > parallel with ISO 3166 codes, as a preferred alternative, and
> > deprecating the ISO codes; or (c) same as (b), but NOT deprecating the
> > ISO codes?
>
>I support (a).
>Frank has convinced me that I would be in favor of a fourth option (d): 
>same as (a) but include the M.49 codes in the description.

This rises the question of the update cycle of the data of reference.

You can use words of the XVIIth century or talk of a network in the meaning 
of 1960.Perfect language, you will be understood by no one.
This is a general question for the IETF (after how long a release is not 
supposed to be supported).

Retro compatibility is offered for a long nowhere. Try to use your 1930 
telephone set, I am not sure it will work. Try to publish an Internet 1990 
terminology. Try to use the root servers file of 1995, it will may be still 
work partly. Try to use DOS on your PC, it works very well, but you are 
missing a lot of things.

We all use anti-virus which are updated once or twice a week or every day.....
Either we are on the Internet or on the Eternet.

Internet is 22 years old (Jan 1st, 1983). It seems reasonable to consider 
that every Internet related system should survive 10 years. Then, that it 
is to the application to consider how to handle the data. Is XML 10 years 
old, will it be around in 10 years time? By the same token it seems 
reasonable (to avoid date format problem and help stability) that standard 
changes should not occur twice yearly, so a version can be indicated by its 
year (archeological retro compatibility being supported). This permits to 
stay compatible for another 30.000 years in using a double byte.

Operationally wise, it is likely that ISP will convert progressively to 
SNHN management assistance (we see that through the evolution of the market 
and the responses we receive to the CRCD program). It will not be to 
morrow, but we can presume that in a decade the whole network will be an 
NGN system where everyone userbox will be maintained for all the 
"information society" related systems as are our anti-virus today. The Y2K 
shown us that the world can survive this kind of problem. There is 
obviously a need for OS designers to incorporate a universal tag as a file 
header with the date of the file, its MD4, its langtag, possibly its handle.

Objection to a decade obsolecense cycle?

I note that this exactly conforms to the RFC 1766 date (1995). I therefore 
support the consensus on this particular case and propose to make it a 
general suggestion for the Internet standard process (which is only a BCP, 
ie a COULD/SHOULD, not a MUST). This establishes a rule which probably 
solves most of the issues risen in the charter on compatibility in time. It 
addresses the CS issue. It leaves open the SU question.

jfc

======================================================
Standardizing Tags for the Identification of Languages should not be a way
to standardize languages and to unify the world under a dominant culture.
======================================================
For your convenience:
RFC 3066: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3066.txt?number=3066
Draft: 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt
Charter: http://ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
gmane: http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.ltru
If you were Bcced for information and not familliar with the IETF process:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2026.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2418.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3934.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3669.txt
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3160.txt
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hoffman-taobis-02.txt
======================================================
Jon Postel (RFC 1591): "The IANA is not in the business of deciding
what is and what is not a country. The selection of the ISO 3166 list
  as a basis for country code top-level domain names was made with
  the knowledge that ISO has a procedure for determining which
entities should be and should not be on that list."
======================================================
Brian Carpenter (RFC 1958/3.2): "If there are several ways of doing the
same thing, choose one. If a previous design, in the Internet context
or elsewhere, has successfully solved the same problem, choose the
same solution unless there is a good technical reason not to.
Duplication of the same protocol functionality should be avoided as far as
possible, without of course using this argument to reject improvements."
======================================================
It seems that what works for countries and ISO 3166 since 1978, should
apply to languages and to ISO 693.
======================================================


_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@lists.ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of John Cowan


> Here's my take on Doug Ewell's question....

Not having had a chance to review the question in detail, I can't
formulate a completely independent opinion. But John's assessment and
proposal sounds good to me.



Peter Constable

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From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
To: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>, "John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>
References: <20050323112201.IBOG5424.mta6.adelphia.net@megatron.ietf.org><009c01c53105$ac1ce720$030aa8c0@DEWELL>
	<20050325072710.GA14412@ccil.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Question
Date: Fri, 25 Mar 2005 08:21:01 -0800
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I feel like this conversation is going off in the weeds. For backwards
compatibility, the goal should be at least:

(z) Every generated language tag that was valid under 1766 or 3066 remain=
s
valid, with the same semantic. The only exceptions are cases where the co=
de
changed to mean an unrelated entity (eg CS).

Your principle violates that.

> ISO codes terminated before Date A and not reassigned have never been
> valid in 1766 or 3066 langtags, and should not be permitted.

This is precisely the problem. They *are* permitted. According to
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1766.txt, all and only the codes in
    [ISO 639]
         ISO 639:1988 (E/F) - Code for the representation of names of
         languages - The International Organization for
         Standardization, 1st edition, 1988 17 pages Prepared by
         ISO/TC 37 - Terminology (principles and coordination).

    [ISO 3166]
         ISO 3166:1988 (E/F) - Codes for the representation of names
         of countries - The International Organization for
         Standardization, 3rd edition, 1988-08-15.are valid. Note that
*nowhere* in 1766 does it say that a code later deprecated in ISO 639 or
3166 is not valid, nor does it even say that earlier deprecated codes are
invalid.=E2=80=8EMark----- Original Message -----=20
From: "John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>
To: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
Cc: <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, March 24, 2005 23:27
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Question


> Here's my take on Doug Ewell's question.  "Date A" means 1995-03-01,
> the publication date of RFC 1766.  "Date B" means the publication date
> of the new BCP that replaces RFC 3066.  These dates could be changed
> without affecting my judgments very much.
>
> > QUESTION:  Should the draft implement region-code stability: (a) by
> > preserving all assigned ISO 3166 codes with their original meaning,
>
> ISO codes terminated before Date A and not reassigned have never been
> valid in 1766 or 3066 langtags, and should not be permitted.
>
> ISO codes terminated after Date A and not reassigned before Date B
> should be permitted and marked as deprecated, with the nearest equivale=
nt
> documented in the registry.
>
> ISO codes in effect as of Date B, whether or not they were once assigne=
d
> to a different meaning, should be permitted in their meaning as of Date=
 B.
>
> > except those that have already been reassigned, and using UN numeric
> > codes in the case of future reassignments;
>
> UN codes that encode countries should only be allowed in the case of
> the reassignment of an ISO 3166-1 code after Date B.
>
> UN codes that encode regions of the world should be permitted.
>
> > (b) by allowing UN codes in parallel with ISO 3166 codes, as a prefer=
red
> > alternative, and deprecating the ISO codes; or (c) same as (b), but
> > NOT deprecating the ISO codes?
>
> Having two codes for the same thing is always a bad idea and should not
> be allowed unless a code reassignment after Date A but before Date B
> makes it necessary.
>
> --=20
> After fixing the Y2K bug in an application:     John Cowan
>         WELCOME TO <censored>                   cowan@ccil.org
>         DATE: MONDAK, JANUARK 1, 1900           http://www.ccil.org/~co=
wan
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 25 12:15:25 2005
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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
To: "'Doug Ewell'" <dewell@adelphia.net>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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Hi,

Please don't mis-use XML attributes to be the equivalent of
'attributes' in the object-oriented sense.  They aren't and
the protocol specs I've seen that used them caused nightmares
when trying to morph them into proper hierarchical elements.

And bear in mind what Scott Hollenbeck just reminded us about,
to whit, _nothing_ is up to IANA to figure out.  This WG has
to specify complete processes and formats for use by IANA in 
our 'IANA Considerations' section.

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
Behalf Of Doug Ewell
Sent: Friday, March 25, 2005 2:02 AM
To: LTRU Working Group
Subject: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format


Addison Phillips <addison dot phillips at quest dot com> wrote:

> If we're going to consider different formats for the registry, might I
> suggest that an even better format would be XML?

You might.

Oh, all right, I'll do an XML version too and post it, so you guys can
see that one too.

XML has all the advantages and disadvantages that people have mentioned
so far, and probably many more of both.  XML is sort of like California:
anything anyone can say about it is true.

Actually I had wondered before about converting the registry to XML, but
wasn't sure how it should be structured.  (The eternal question:
"Elements or attributes?  Which will serve me best?")  For this version,
I'll use Addison's example blindly, but without any extra information
(such as URLs) that isn't already in the existing registry.  Don't hold
your breath; I'll announce when it's ready.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 25 13:38:36 2005
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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
To: "'Addison Phillips'" <addison.phillips@quest.com>,
        LTRU Working Group
	<ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format [choice of formats]
Date: Fri, 25 Mar 2005 10:37:52 -0800
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Hi,

I'm most happy with option 1 (or option 4).

Because I'm convinced that record-jar format will
be much easier to extract information from when NOT
using XML parsers and XML-aware tools.  

I suppose filters using 'awk' or whatever might level
that difference.  But personally I write C utilities
when I want to extract items from IANA registries.
Hand-parsing XML is needless busywork, IMHO.

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
Behalf Of Addison Phillips
Sent: Friday, March 25, 2005 12:52 PM
To: LTRU Working Group
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format


A real XML DTD would have to be carefully designed. My example in the email
was very much a back-of-the-envelope example.

I agree that everything has to be in the RFC governing the registry. If
there are to be multiple formats, then they all have to be documented, along
with their production methods, for IANA and others.

The key is getting consensus on what to do.

Right now I think the options are:

1. Change to record-jar format.
2. Change to an XML format. A proper DTD needs to be designed in this case.
3. Neither.
4. Both (record-jar is normative)
5. Both (XML is normative)

Right this second I support (2), but would be (almost) as happy with (1).

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of McDonald, Ira
> Sent: vendredi 25 mars 2005 09:14
> To: 'Doug Ewell'; LTRU Working Group
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
> 
> Hi,
> 
> Please don't mis-use XML attributes to be the equivalent of
> 'attributes' in the object-oriented sense.  They aren't and
> the protocol specs I've seen that used them caused nightmares
> when trying to morph them into proper hierarchical elements.
> 
> And bear in mind what Scott Hollenbeck just reminded us about,
> to whit, _nothing_ is up to IANA to figure out.  This WG has
> to specify complete processes and formats for use by IANA in
> our 'IANA Considerations' section.
> 
> Cheers,
> - Ira
> 
> Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
> Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
> PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
> phone: +1-906-494-2434
> email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
> Behalf Of Doug Ewell
> Sent: Friday, March 25, 2005 2:02 AM
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
> 
> 
> Addison Phillips <addison dot phillips at quest dot com> wrote:
> 
> > If we're going to consider different formats for the registry, might I
> > suggest that an even better format would be XML?
> 
> You might.
> 
> Oh, all right, I'll do an XML version too and post it, so you guys can
> see that one too.
> 
> XML has all the advantages and disadvantages that people have mentioned
> so far, and probably many more of both.  XML is sort of like California:
> anything anyone can say about it is true.
> 
> Actually I had wondered before about converting the registry to XML, but
> wasn't sure how it should be structured.  (The eternal question:
> "Elements or attributes?  Which will serve me best?")  For this version,
> I'll use Addison's example blindly, but without any extra information
> (such as URLs) that isn't already in the existing registry.  Don't hold
> your breath; I'll announce when it's ready.
> 
> -Doug Ewell
>  Fullerton, California
>  http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> 
> _______________________________________________
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Mark Davis wrote:

> This is precisely the problem. They *are* permitted.

The obsolete RfC 1766 said:

| ISO 639 defines a registration authority for additions to and
| changes in the list of languages in ISO 639. This authority
| is:
[...]

...not an obscure reference in an obsolete RfC.  Same idea for
ISO 3166-1.  The actual RfC 3066 states:

| All 2-letter subtags are interpreted as ISO 3166 alpha-2
| country codes from [ISO 3166], or subsequently assigned by
| the ISO 3166 maintenance agency or governing standardization
| bodies, denoting the area to which this language variant
| relates.

Later 3066 speculates about the chances of an ISO 639-1:2000
published in 2001, and forbids the user assigned codes AA, ZZ,
QM-QZ, and XA-XZ, they were allowed in RfC 1766.

SNAFU.  It's the purpose of 3066bis to cleanup this mess, not
to preserve it.  Apparently nobody has a copy of ISO 3166:1988.
Doug is forced to guess using private Web pages what this old
stuff is about.  We found RH, BQ, FQ, and NQ, these codes are
irrelevant and disgusting.  Nobody recognizes these codes, and
nobody needs any ?Q for fantastic languages in the Antarctic.

> *nowhere* in 1766 does it say that a code later deprecated in
> ISO 639 or 3166 is not valid

"additions to and changes in the list".  Country codes like NH,
BQ, FQ, and NQ are shown as _unassigned_ on the 3166-1 page.
Maybe _deprecated_ in ISO 639 is a different issue, but 3166-1
has a clear list of states:

officially assigned       - examples: AQ, AX, CS
user assigned             - examples: AA. QQ, XX
exceptionally reserved    - examples: AC, EU, IM
transitionally reserved   - examples: BU, NT, SF
indeterminately reserved  - examples: DY. FL, RH
not used at present stage - examples: AP, BX, EF
unassigned                - examples: BQ, DD, NH

"Transitionally reserved" is roughly the same as "deprecated".
"Not used at present stage" is plain nonsense not related to
any country codes.  "Unassigned" is "free / available".

"Exceptioally reserved" are the missing ccTLDs and some others.
"Indeterminately reserved" is apparently used for car-plates.

BTW, Doug has RH as Southern Rhodesia, the ISO 3166-1 Web page
has RH as Haiti (indeterminately reserved).

                            Bye, Frank



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People presumed that 3066 was backwards compatible with 1766, and data wa=
s
generated on that basis. The cost of supporting full backwards compatibil=
ity
with 1766 and 3066 (for all but the ISO codes that were reused) is extrem=
ely
low, just a few additional codes. We then don't disturb the stability of
tags that were generated in good faith, using codes that at some point in
time qualified as 'assigned' in the base standards.

On that basis, I think it's a no-brainer.

You are the only one I hear saying that we don't care about backward
compability with codes that were valid under 1766 and 3066. Anyone else w=
ant
to speak up for non-backwards compatibility?

=E2=80=8EMark

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
To: <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Friday, March 25, 2005 11:32
Subject: [Ltru] Re: Question


> Mark Davis wrote:
>
> > This is precisely the problem. They *are* permitted.
>
> The obsolete RfC 1766 said:
>
> | ISO 639 defines a registration authority for additions to and
> | changes in the list of languages in ISO 639. This authority
> | is:
> [...]
>
> ...not an obscure reference in an obsolete RfC.  Same idea for
> ISO 3166-1.  The actual RfC 3066 states:
>
> | All 2-letter subtags are interpreted as ISO 3166 alpha-2
> | country codes from [ISO 3166], or subsequently assigned by
> | the ISO 3166 maintenance agency or governing standardization
> | bodies, denoting the area to which this language variant
> | relates.
>
> Later 3066 speculates about the chances of an ISO 639-1:2000
> published in 2001, and forbids the user assigned codes AA, ZZ,
> QM-QZ, and XA-XZ, they were allowed in RfC 1766.
>
> SNAFU.  It's the purpose of 3066bis to cleanup this mess, not
> to preserve it.  Apparently nobody has a copy of ISO 3166:1988.
> Doug is forced to guess using private Web pages what this old
> stuff is about.  We found RH, BQ, FQ, and NQ, these codes are
> irrelevant and disgusting.  Nobody recognizes these codes, and
> nobody needs any ?Q for fantastic languages in the Antarctic.
>
> > *nowhere* in 1766 does it say that a code later deprecated in
> > ISO 639 or 3166 is not valid
>
> "additions to and changes in the list".  Country codes like NH,
> BQ, FQ, and NQ are shown as _unassigned_ on the 3166-1 page.
> Maybe _deprecated_ in ISO 639 is a different issue, but 3166-1
> has a clear list of states:
>
> officially assigned       - examples: AQ, AX, CS
> user assigned             - examples: AA. QQ, XX
> exceptionally reserved    - examples: AC, EU, IM
> transitionally reserved   - examples: BU, NT, SF
> indeterminately reserved  - examples: DY. FL, RH
> not used at present stage - examples: AP, BX, EF
> unassigned                - examples: BQ, DD, NH
>
> "Transitionally reserved" is roughly the same as "deprecated".
> "Not used at present stage" is plain nonsense not related to
> any country codes.  "Unassigned" is "free / available".
>
> "Exceptioally reserved" are the missing ccTLDs and some others.
> "Indeterminately reserved" is apparently used for car-plates.
>
> BTW, Doug has RH as Southern Rhodesia, the ISO 3166-1 Web page
> has RH as Haiti (indeterminately reserved).
>
>                             Bye, Frank
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>


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Mark Davis wrote:
 
> People presumed that 3066 was backwards compatible with 1766,
> and data was generated on that basis.

You're talking about country codes valid 1995 (RfC 1766 and
later).  I'm talking about country codes invalid 1994 (before
RfC 1766), "unassigned" and similar cases like RH, NH, FQ, DD.

                        Bye, Frank



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Mar 25 16:41:43 2005
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To: Mark Davis <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Question
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Mark Davis scripsit:

> You are the only one I hear saying that we don't care about backward
> compability with codes that were valid under 1766 and 3066. Anyone else want
> to speak up for non-backwards compatibility?

I deny that 3166 codes obsoleted before 1995-03-01 were ever valid in
1766 or 3066, so I agree with your statement de dicto, but I disagree
with it de re.  I believe that Addison agrees.

-- 
Yes, chili in the eye is bad, but so is your    John Cowan
ear.  However, I would suggest you wash your    cowan@ccil.org
hands thoroughly before going to the toilet.    http://www.reutershealth.com
        --gadicath                              http://www.ccil.org/~cowan

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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Question
Thread-Index: AcUxg2zhboKO+6ntRH6mRNJ3D1cizgAB37wg
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>, "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
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+1

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of John Cowan
> Sent: vendredi 25 mars 2005 13:40
> To: Mark Davis
> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Question
>=20
> Mark Davis scripsit:
>=20
> > You are the only one I hear saying that we don't care about backward
> > compability with codes that were valid under 1766 and 3066. Anyone =
else
> want
> > to speak up for non-backwards compatibility?
>=20
> I deny that 3166 codes obsoleted before 1995-03-01 were ever valid in
> 1766 or 3066, so I agree with your statement de dicto, but I disagree
> with it de re.  I believe that Addison agrees.
>=20
> --
> Yes, chili in the eye is bad, but so is your    John Cowan
> ear.  However, I would suggest you wash your    cowan@ccil.org
> hands thoroughly before going to the toilet.
> http://www.reutershealth.com
>         --gadicath                              =
http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Joe Blow was deciding whether his code should allow "en-BU" as a valid co=
de
according to 1766. He looks at the text and finds:
   In the first subtag:    -    All 2-letter codes are interpreted as ISO
3166 alpha-2
         country codes denoting the area in which the language is
         used.In the references, he sees:

    [ISO 3166]
         ISO 3166:1988 (E/F) - Codes for the representation of names
         of countries - The International Organization for
         Standardization, 3rd edition, 1988-08-15.

So he looks at ISO 3166:1988. There he finds that BU was perfectly valid.
And since 'en' was also, and the rest of the syntax was fine, it must be =
a
valid language tag. That is a perfectly reasonable interpretation on Joe'=
s
part. Part of the problem, of course, *was* that 1766 and 3066 were not v=
ery
specific as to validity and stability. That is part of the reason that we
are being very careful about this in 3066bis!

Now, if we were talking about a large percentage of the codespace here, I
might agree that it is worth sacrificing backwards compatibility for thes=
e
codes. But since there are only a few, let's just include the darned thin=
gs
for backwards compatibility and move on to do something more productive.

=E2=80=8EMark

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>
To: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
Cc: <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Friday, March 25, 2005 13:40
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Question


> Mark Davis scripsit:
>
> > You are the only one I hear saying that we don't care about backward
> > compability with codes that were valid under 1766 and 3066. Anyone el=
se
want
> > to speak up for non-backwards compatibility?
>
> I deny that 3166 codes obsoleted before 1995-03-01 were ever valid in
> 1766 or 3066, so I agree with your statement de dicto, but I disagree
> with it de re.  I believe that Addison agrees.
>
> --=20
> Yes, chili in the eye is bad, but so is your    John Cowan
> ear.  However, I would suggest you wash your    cowan@ccil.org
> hands thoroughly before going to the toilet.
http://www.reutershealth.com
>         --gadicath                              http://www.ccil.org/~co=
wan
>


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To: Mark Davis <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Question
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Mark Davis scripsit:
 
> So he looks at ISO 3166:1988. There he finds that BU was perfectly valid.
 
Does he not also find a statement that the code list in ISO 3166:1988
is subject to revision by the 3166/MA?  That's a serious question;
I have never seen a copy of 3166:1988.

Jesuitical it may be, but it seems to me that discontinued 3166 codes
are not part of 3166.
 
> Now, if we were talking about a large percentage of the codespace here, I
> might agree that it is worth sacrificing backwards compatibility for these
> codes. But since there are only a few, let's just include the darned things
> for backwards compatibility and move on to do something more productive.
 
The reason it matters is that there's a good chance some of those codes
will be used again someday, in which case it's going to be awfully lame
to say "Well, that code was used for the French claims to Antarctica half
a century or more ago, so you can't have it."  That's taking stability
to an insane level, particularly as there are no sensible xx-FQ language
tags and never will be.

-- 
While staying with the Asonu, I met a man from      John Cowan
the Candensian plane, which is very much like       cowan@ccil.org
ours, only more of it consists of Toronto.          http://:www.ccil.org/~cowan
        --Ursula K. Le Guin, Changing Planes

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From: Tex Texin <tex@i18nguy.com>
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The question of speaking up for no-BC is a bit loaded when asked in that
way.

I would not mind forgoing backward compatibility if there were
compensating benefits.

I would need to believe that the benefits were real, and also that there
weren't a number of hidden dangers that might be more problematic than
dealing with the cost of legacy.

But given the ambiguities in the legacy of language tags, and its
different usages by different technologies, I can certainly see creating
a new scheme. In fact would want it to look different so it didnt suffer
the confusion and baggage of the current system.

I said this a few years ago as well when we discussed solving the
problems I raised in the locales paper for the Unicode conference. I
would still welcome a new approach. I don't see however, that we have a
way to articulate a clean solution.

The problem I see is not in architecting the scheme for tagging, but
determining what a language is, in a useful way for software developers,
so that they can understand which language tag to use, and not an
identification which only linguists recognize or criteria which are not
clearly expressed.

So yes, forget compatibility if I can have a scheme that works.
On the other hand, if we maintain compatibility and make the current
system more complex and no more usable, I don't need that either.

I would welcome a clear set of rules for choosing a tag for content, and
rules for finding content with known tags.

tex


Mark Davis wrote:
> 
> People presumed that 3066 was backwards compatible with 1766, and data was
> generated on that basis. The cost of supporting full backwards compatibility
> with 1766 and 3066 (for all but the ISO codes that were reused) is extremely
> low, just a few additional codes. We then don't disturb the stability of
> tags that were generated in good faith, using codes that at some point in
> time qualified as 'assigned' in the base standards.
> 
> On that basis, I think it's a no-brainer.
> 
> You are the only one I hear saying that we don't care about backward
> compability with codes that were valid under 1766 and 3066. Anyone else want
> to speak up for non-backwards compatibility?

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Question
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Look, we regularly get beaten up by various IETF people for the backwards
compatibility of the Unicode Standard. I hate to see IETF take a much mor=
e
lackadaisical approach to language tags. I'm ok with excluding codes that=
 no
reasonable person would believe is was valid at some time according to th=
e
text of 1766 and 3066.

And if we start down the road of judging each individual case according t=
o
whether we think it was "lame" or not, we will just tie ourselves up in
knots. We have a bright line; let's use it. We should simply not break
backward compatibility, when the only benefit is having a very small numb=
er
of additional codes.

=E2=80=8EMark

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>
To: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
Cc: <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Friday, March 25, 2005 15:22
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Question


> Mark Davis scripsit:
>
> > So he looks at ISO 3166:1988. There he finds that BU was perfectly
valid.
>
> Does he not also find a statement that the code list in ISO 3166:1988
> is subject to revision by the 3166/MA?  That's a serious question;
> I have never seen a copy of 3166:1988.
>
> Jesuitical it may be, but it seems to me that discontinued 3166 codes
> are not part of 3166.
>
> > Now, if we were talking about a large percentage of the codespace her=
e,
I
> > might agree that it is worth sacrificing backwards compatibility for
these
> > codes. But since there are only a few, let's just include the darned
things
> > for backwards compatibility and move on to do something more producti=
ve.
>
> The reason it matters is that there's a good chance some of those codes
> will be used again someday, in which case it's going to be awfully lame
> to say "Well, that code was used for the French claims to Antarctica ha=
lf
> a century or more ago, so you can't have it."  That's taking stability
> to an insane level, particularly as there are no sensible xx-FQ languag=
e
> tags and never will be.
>
> --=20
> While staying with the Asonu, I met a man from      John Cowan
> the Candensian plane, which is very much like       cowan@ccil.org
> ours, only more of it consists of Toronto.
http://:www.ccil.org/~cowan
>         --Ursula K. Le Guin, Changing Planes
>


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At 19:37 25/03/2005, McDonald, Ira wrote:
>Hi,
>
>I'm most happy with option 1 (or option 4).
>
>Because I'm convinced that record-jar format will
>be much easier to extract information from when NOT
>using XML parsers and XML-aware tools.
>
>I suppose filters using 'awk' or whatever might level
>that difference.  But personally I write C utilities
>when I want to extract items from IANA registries.
>Hand-parsing XML is needless busywork, IMHO.

idem. Full agreement.
jfc


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Mark Davis wrote:

> Joe Blow was deciding whether his code should allow "en-BU"

That's a sad story, like Jane Blog's adventure in cyberspace:

Seeing RH on a car in Haiti she checks the ISO 3166-1 Web
page and finds something about "RH Haiti" as expected,  So
she tags a Creole text with fr-RH, and later she's surprised
when her job application is returned by the ZW embassy.

> let's just include the darned things for backwards
> compatibility and move on to do something more productive.

The most serious problem with the actual draft is, that it
forces us to choose between an erroneous concept of backwards
compatibility and compatibility with future country codes for
the known list of "invalid" country codes.  At least for the
decade 1995 - 2005 we can get one unambiguous idea of "valid".

                          Bye, Frank



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At 12:38 26/03/2005, Frank Ellermann wrote:
>Mark Davis wrote:
>
> > Joe Blow was deciding whether his code should allow "en-BU"
>
>That's a sad story, like Jane Blog's adventure in cyberspace:
>
>Seeing RH on a car in Haiti she checks the ISO 3166-1 Web
>page and finds something about "RH Haiti" as expected,  So
>she tags a Creole text with fr-RH, and later she's surprised
>when her job application is returned by the ZW embassy.
>
> > let's just include the darned things for backwards
> > compatibility and move on to do something more productive.
>
>The most serious problem with the actual draft is, that it
>forces us to choose between an erroneous concept of backwards
>compatibility and compatibility with future country codes for
>the known list of "invalid" country codes.  At least for the
>decade 1995 - 2005 we can get one unambiguous idea of "valid".

I do not understand this problem. Are versioning and conflicts not 
supported by CVS for example?
UDC just choses to update its change on Jan 1st every year as did Internet 
when created.
Every military publication in the world, every legal texts, every 
commercial catalog, etc. has the same problem.

if AI was valid until 31/12/77 there are three entries in the tables:

AI77    262
AI      660
DJ      262
= 18 bytes

262     Djibouti
660     Anguilla
= 22 bytes

The application will use the date of the file to know the proper value of 
"AI".
This covers years -32.000 to + 32,000 .
The requirement is only that a datetag is provided or obtained from the 
file directory.
jfc

J-F C. MORFIN
UTEL, President


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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

>> You can now buy a 512 MB JumpDrive for 40 USD, or a 200 GB
>> hard drive for 100 USD
>
> I'm not planning to buy a new hard drive only to read a IANA
> registry with language tags ;-)

I said the registry would grow by 600,000 bytes.  I don't think that's
quite big enough to require you to buy a new hard drive.

My point was that 600,000 bytes isn't all that much in comparison to the
things we store and pass around nowadays.  That's less than half a
floppy disk, and everyone knows we don't use floppies any more because
they're considered too small to hold anything useful.

> I trust that IANA will split
> it when necessary on its Web pages, and as you said it's no
> problem for a 3066bis without the future ISO 639-3 languages.

Whether the registry gets split into pieces is, I suppose, IANA's
business.  I would have thought the extra hassle of downloading and
maintaining multiple files would militate against this.  And it's still
a non-issue until ISO 639-3 codes become available as extended-language
subtags, which won't happen until (a) ISO 639-3 is published and (b) the
registry RFC we are working on is updated to accommodate them.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: Misha Wolf <Misha.Wolf@reuters.com>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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Doug Ewell wrote:
=20
<quote>
My point was that 600,000 bytes isn't all that much in comparison to the
things we store and pass around nowadays.  That's less than half a
floppy disk, and everyone knows we don't use floppies any more because
they're considered too small to hold anything useful.
</quote>

Do you have in mind an 8 inch or a 5.25 inch floppy disk?

Misha





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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

> I extensively use my footer to evangelize about this WG's work (it
> informs people and leave them free to make their mind). I would
> appreciate (as well as anyone else maintaining a file on line of
> relevance to this work) to give the exact wording they wish I add for
> their file.

"Extensive" is the word, all right.  I have other words for it as well.

Your signature block:

* is 33 lines and almost 2000 characters long, far beyond the accepted
limits for Internet mail;

* implies that we are trying "to standardize languages and to unify the
world under a dominant culture," which is not only demonstrably
inaccurate but highly offensive as well;

* includes a Jon Postel quote, the relevance of which is puzzling at
best, since region subtags *are* based on ISO 3166 codes, at least as
much so as ccTLDs;

* includes a Brian Carpenter quote, also with dubious relevance, since
ccTLDs and regions in language tags are not "the same problem," and do
not therefore require the same solution, especially in the context of
"protocol functionality";

* makes a comparison between ISO 3166 and ISO "693" [sic] which is
puzzling and obscure even without the lingering typo.

Instead of adding even more wording, I would suggest a simple signature
block of no more than four lines (some say six is acceptable), with your
name, e-mail address, affiliation, maybe a single short quote, and
probably a link to the LTRU archive so interested people can visit,
join, and make their own judgments.  They don't need "evangelizing."

Now, back on topic.

>> (BTW, nobody has commented yet on my recipe for populating the
>> language subtags, so I assume there's nothing dreadfully wrong with
>> it.  I'll do the other sections in similar fashion, perhaps this
>> weekend.)
>
> Could you please make it a clean part that we could include in our
> Draft?

I'm working on it.  Easter weekend activities may prevent me from
posting additional installments in the next few days, but it is on its
way.

I think the current theory is indeed to put the description in the
draft, rather than relying on the pre-built registry.

> The problem as usual is the usage made of it, and the load imposed on
> IANA and private mirrors...
>
> Another point we try to consider is the developing countries and
> islands problems. ADSL US or European or Korean traffic costs nothing.
> But 600,0000 at real 500 characters per second or less is 1200
> seconds. When you know that in some countries one hour of internet
> equals one day work salary, you see the digital divide this represents
> for some of the really most involved searchers.

Happily, nobody will be required to download a fresh copy of the
registry every time they wish to read or write a language tag.  Section
4, "Security Considerations," says:

"Although the specification of valid subtags for an extension MUST be
available over the Internet, implementations SHOULD NOT mechanically
depend on it being always accessible, to prevent denial-of-service
attacks."

This applies to cost-of-access concerns as well as security concerns.

> Permitting people to exchange in different languages over real time
> information is of the essence for international assistance for
> example. So languages, terminology, etc. are an important elements.
> But at the same time we need to qualify that information, to keep it
> as dense as possible, to "culturalize it" to that end (because a DoS
> costs too much - and this is why IP is not a proper vehicle, and
> IPSec is costly). This is where you find that ISO 3166 is of
> importance but it does not address the diaspora, the immigration, de
> cultural, the corporate, the reader/viewers classes, etc. This is
> where you understand that Governments on_the_network are also
> perceived through their e-regalian embodiment of services - and
> possible interference with CRCs.

I don't see what 90% of this has to do with language tags -- surprise -- 
but I would suggest that ISO 3166-based region subtags used to indicate
"language variations used in a specific region, geographic, or political
area" apply equally well to a diaspora or to other types of immigrants.
That is, if you were a Frenchman living in Canada, your language variety
might well be "fr-FR" rather than "fr-CA", and in some cases it might be
important to tag that distinction.

Newer versions of Windows include a "region" setting in Control Panel,
distinct from the traditional "language variant/locale" setting that has
always been there.  The idea is that (assuming the above scenario) you
could set your language and other locale preferences to "French as used
in France," but still specify that you are physically in Canada for
applications where that matters.

> FYI our DIA effort will be dedicated to IEMS a small team of a WU shop
> who had started an inter-mail systems bridge. Mexico City known a big
> earth break and for hours all the international assistance
> coordination went though one of their customer's mail system to their
> ITT mailbox. No one really praised them, but many lifes and
> sufferances were spared that day because of their small async 300 bps
> service.

Their efforts are much appreciated.  Please reassure them that they will
not be required to perform a 20-minute download to tag their text.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

> Retro compatibility is offered for a long nowhere. Try to use your
> 1930 telephone set, I am not sure it will work. Try to publish an
> Internet 1990 terminology. Try to use the root servers file of 1995,
> it will may be still work partly. Try to use DOS on your PC, it works
> very well, but you are missing a lot of things.

People have been quoting RFC 822, which is 23 years old, on this list.
Even though it has been updated by RFC 2822, obviously many of the basic
philosophies and terminology still apply.

> Objection to a decade obsolecense cycle?

It's much too general to apply blindly.  Some standards and technologies
are obsolete within a year or two; others are good for decades.  ASCII
is 42 years old (or 38, depending on what you mean by "ASCII"), and yet
many people still consider it the lowest common denominator necessary to
ensure reliable communications.

There's nothing magic about 10 years.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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Dear Doug,
I will certainly be polite and address all your points, but I hope that at 
the end of the day you will read and accept what I say in responding your 
first part. We are both accustomed to the political aspects and tricks of 
normalization.

On 18:14 26/03/2005, Doug Ewell said:
>JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:
>
> > I extensively use my footer to evangelize about this WG's work (it
> > informs people and leave them free to make their mind). I would
> > appreciate (as well as anyone else maintaining a file on line of
> > relevance to this work) to give the exact wording they wish I add for
> > their file.
>
>"Extensive" is the word, all right.  I have other words for it as well.

"Of or relating to the cultivation of vast areas of land with a minimum of 
labor or expense". Yes.

>Your signature block:
>* is 33 lines and almost 2000 characters long, far beyond the accepted 
>limits for Internet mail;

Reference?
1869 bytes isn't all that much in comparison to the things we store and 
pass around nowadays.

>* implies that we are trying "to standardize languages and to unify the
>world under a dominant culture," which is not only demonstrably
>inaccurate but highly offensive as well;

It implies nothing. It is a very lenient form of the comments I hear all 
the day long about this work. I am not sure why you oppose it?

>* includes a Jon Postel quote, the relevance of which is puzzling at
>best, since region subtags *are* based on ISO 3166 codes, at least as
>much so as ccTLDs;

So, I do not see why it is puzzling?

>* includes a Brian Carpenter quote, also with dubious relevance, since
>ccTLDs and regions in language tags are not "the same problem," and do
>not therefore require the same solution, especially in the context of
>"protocol functionality";

IMHO this is inaccurate and highly offensive as well, if you accept to 
think about what you say implies.

>* makes a comparison between ISO 3166 and ISO "693" [sic] which is
>puzzling and obscure even without the lingering typo.

Thank you for correcting the typo. This remark is puzzling and obscure to me.

>Instead of adding even more wording, I would suggest a simple signature
>block of no more than four lines (some say six is acceptable), with your
>name, e-mail address, affiliation, maybe a single short quote, and
>probably a link to the LTRU archive so interested people can visit,
>join, and make their own judgments.  They don't need "evangelizing."

Thank you, dad, for your advise. We really live in two worlds appart :-)

>Now, back on topic.
>
> >> (BTW, nobody has commented yet on my recipe for populating the
> >> language subtags, so I assume there's nothing dreadfully wrong with
> >> it.  I'll do the other sections in similar fashion, perhaps this
> >> weekend.)
> >
> > Could you please make it a clean part that we could include in our
> > Draft?
>
>I'm working on it.  Easter weekend activities may prevent me from osting 
>additional installments in the next few days, but it is on its way.

Yes. Thank you. Same for me. I may have an extra week delay, because a lot 
of printing I ordered for our work is delayed: the printing shop closed for 
the Easter WE ....

>I think the current theory is indeed to put the description in the draft, 
>rather than relying on the pre-built registry.

IMHO it would be better in a second RFC. To preserve the weight of the main 
RFC (when quoted, printed). To permit to update that RFC separately.

> > The problem as usual is the usage made of it, and the load imposed on
> > IANA and private mirrors...
> >
> > Another point we try to consider is the developing countries and
> > islands problems. ADSL US or European or Korean traffic costs nothing.
> > But 600,0000 at real 500 characters per second or less is 1200
> > seconds. When you know that in some countries one hour of internet
> > equals one day work salary, you see the digital divide this represents
> > for some of the really most involved searchers.
>
>Happily, nobody will be required to download a fresh copy of the
>registry every time they wish to read or write a language tag.  Section
>4, "Security Considerations," says:
>
>"Although the specification of valid subtags for an extension MUST be
>available over the Internet, implementations SHOULD NOT mechanically
>depend on it being always accessible, to prevent denial-of-service
>attacks."
>
>This applies to cost-of-access concerns as well as security concerns.

I am afraid you missed the concern. SHOULD NOT is not a MUST NOT. You 
should understand that the format will make a lot of difference. If the 
presentation is in XML the unnecessary usage will probably be 10 times 
larger. There is a good example: the http://ref-editor.org In 1200 days 
there have been 1.800.000, ie 1500 accesses a day. What is far lower. But 
you understand that 600.000 bytes are not the 3 to 10 000 bytes of an RFC.

This Draft must define all that in detail in IANA considerations. The 
solution requested must be workable. I know that our Chairs do not want 
Doug Barton to share in this WG, but we would certainly need to have 
precise inputs.

I want also to underline that the figure I quote are not for "every time", 
but very conservative (1 a year) as you call for.

> > Permitting people to exchange in different languages over real time
> > information is of the essence for international assistance for
> > example. So languages, terminology, etc. are an important elements.
> > But at the same time we need to qualify that information, to keep it
> > as dense as possible, to "culturalize it" to that end (because a DoS
> > costs too much - and this is why IP is not a proper vehicle, and
> > IPSec is costly). This is where you find that ISO 3166 is of
> > importance but it does not address the diaspora, the immigration, de
> > cultural, the corporate, the reader/viewers classes, etc. This is
> > where you understand that Governments on_the_network are also
> > perceived through their e-regalian embodiment of services - and
> > possible interference with CRCs.
>
>I don't see what 90% of this has to do with language tags -- surprise --
>but I would suggest that ISO 3166-based region subtags used to indicate
>"language variations used in a specific region, geographic, or political
>area" apply equally well to a diaspora or to other types of immigrants.
>That is, if you were a Frenchman living in Canada, your language variety
>might well be "fr-FR" rather than "fr-CA", and in some cases it might be
>important to tag that distinction.
>
>Newer versions of Windows include a "region" setting in Control Panel,
>distinct from the traditional "language variant/locale" setting that has
>always been there.  The idea is that (assuming the above scenario) you
>could set your language and other locale preferences to "French as used
>in France," but still specify that you are physically in Canada for
>applications where that matters.

Thank you for the 10% (in standardization, there are not such a way as %, 
if there is a need it must be supported 100% or not). What you quote about 
Microsoft is interesting. But it looks like a way to tune an obligation 
imposed elsewhere? (if you speak French and are in Canada you are supposed 
to speak fr-CA?). But this is a good point. I recall you that my lang5tag 
proposition is not only in line with every dictionary, but also with Word 
and with the "preferences" quoted in the Charter.

jfc


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At 18:22 26/03/2005, Doug Ewell wrote:
>JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:
> > Retro compatibility is offered for a long nowhere. Try to use your
> > 1930 telephone set, I am not sure it will work. Try to publish an
> > Internet 1990 terminology. Try to use the root servers file of 1995,
> > it will may be still work partly. Try to use DOS on your PC, it works
> > very well, but you are missing a lot of things.
>
>People have been quoting RFC 822, which is 23 years old, on this list.
>Even though it has been updated by RFC 2822, obviously many of the basic
>philosophies and terminology still apply.

I do not fully understand how the point applies here. What we decided in 
1984 and which still makes the today namespace was in line with fundamental 
principles (root name concept). It will certainly last for ever as intrisic 
to a name space.

> > Objection to a decade obsolecense cycle?
>
>It's much too general to apply blindly.  Some standards and technologies
>are obsolete within a year or two; others are good for decades.  ASCII
>is 42 years old (or 38, depending on what you mean by "ASCII"), and yet
>many people still consider it the lowest common denominator necessary to
>ensure reliable communications.
>
>There's nothing magic about 10 years.

Nothing. In real life you need to take decisions. When you need something 
to be applied, you need a good mnemonic. It also turns out from experience 
that a decade seems to be the absolecense cycle of the technology itself.

Take care. Happy Easter.
jfc


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Shelf life of data (was: Re: Question)
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

>> People have been quoting RFC 822, which is 23 years old, on this
>> list.  Even though it has been updated by RFC 2822, obviously many of
>> the basic philosophies and terminology still apply.
>
> I do not fully understand how the point applies here. What we decided
> in 1984 and which still makes the today namespace was in line with
> fundamental principles (root name concept). It will certainly last for
> ever as intrisic to a name space.

Your point was that a good many things from the past no longer function,
or function only partly, in today's world.  My point was that some
things from the past still function just fine.  We are both right.

>> There's nothing magic about 10 years.
>
> Nothing. In real life you need to take decisions. When you need
> something to be applied, you need a good mnemonic. It also turns out
> from experience that a decade seems to be the absolecense cycle of the
> technology itself.

It depends on the technology.  Some technologies, like laser video
disks, take much less than a decade to become obsolescent.  Some last
much, much longer.  Ten years is not carved in stone.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

>> I think the current theory is indeed to put the description in the
>> draft, rather than relying on the pre-built registry.
>
> IMHO it would be better in a second RFC. To preserve the weight of the
> main RFC (when quoted, printed). To permit to update that RFC
> separately.

The registry will need to be updated whenever a new code element is
added to ISO 639, 3166, or 15924, or whenever the Language Subtag
Reviewer approves the registration of a variant subtag.  By my estimate,
this is anywhere from 3 to 12 times a year.  I don't think an RFC is the
right vehicle for something as dynamic as that.

> I am afraid you missed the concern. SHOULD NOT is not a MUST NOT. You
> should understand that the format will make a lot of difference. If
> the presentation is in XML the unnecessary usage will probably be 10
> times larger. There is a good example: the http://ref-editor.org In
> 1200 days there have been 1.800.000, ie 1500 accesses a day. What is
> far lower. But you understand that 600.000 bytes are not the 3 to
> 10 000 bytes of an RFC.

I am not necessarily arguing in favor of the XML format, which is
clearly more bulky than the others being considered.  Nobody, least of
all the W3C, claims that XML is a terse and compact format.

However, we are talking about ISO 639-3 code elements used as
extended-language subtags, and it does need to be noted that there are
more than 7,000 of these and there is NO plain-text format that can
express them all without chewing up quite a few bytes.  I created a text
file from the tables in a draft version of 639-3, in about as compact a
format as you can imagine:

# Reference name|ID|Scope|Part 2|Status|Macro|
!O!ung|oun|I||||
!X=C3=B3=C3=B5|nmn|I||||
//Ani|hnh|I||||
//Gana|gnk|I||||
//Xegwi|xeg|I||||
/Gwi|gwj|I||||
/Xam|xam|I||||
etc.

and even this file, with 7,617 records (479 of which are already in
639-1 or 639-2 and thus won't need to be added to the registry), is more
than 161,000 bytes.  There's no getting around it; no matter how you
slice it up, no matter what format is chosen, a registry with seven
thousand languages is a large registry.

> I want also to underline that the figure I quote are not for "every
> time", but very conservative (1 a year) as you call for.

You are correct, and I did miss that.

I suppose a valid question might be, how often does an application need
to update its copy of the registry if it attempts to be "conformant"
with RFC 3066bis (however that is defined)?  Currently we have
applications that claim to support RFC 3066, but don't necessarily
support all registered tags, such as "bs-Latn" which was registered just
last month.  (For that matter, even the IANA pages don't list any of the
tags they have registered since mid-2004.)

As you mentioned, anti-virus software requires virus definition files to
be updated frequently for maximum effectiveness.  This is not the same
as requiring frequent updates in order for the software to work at all.
I wonder what the situation is with other applications that rely on data
from IANA registries.  Are they considered non-conformant if they don't
have the latest version, or just behind the times?

Maybe there should be a way to provide incremental updates to the
registry, so that the addition of one or two new subtags does not
require the whole registry to be replaced.  This is probably
application-specific, and out of our scope.

> What you quote about Microsoft is interesting. But it looks like a way
> to tune an obligation imposed elsewhere? (if you speak French and are
> in Canada you are supposed to speak fr-CA?).

No, that's the exact opposite of my point.  If you are from France and
travel to Canada, you probably still speak fr-FR, not fr-CA.  And you
may want locale settings, sduch as spelling dictionaries and sort order,
appropriate for France as well.  Microsoft's approach allows you to
specify that your physical location is Canada, but you want the settings
for France for language and other things.  (This is not to say only
Microsoft has addressed this issue; I'm sure other vendors have as
well.)

You had stated that "ISO 3166 is of importance but it does not address
the diaspora, the immigration, de cultural, the corporate, the
reader/viewers classes, etc."  I wanted to show that ISO 3166 codes in
language tags are orthogonal to the existence of a diaspora or other
immigrants.  People speak whatever language or variant they speak,
regardless of their physical location.

> But this is a good point. I recall you that my lang5tag proposition is
> not only in line with every dictionary, but also with Word and with
> the "preferences" quoted in the Charter.

We'll see what your draft says.  Being "in line with" Microsoft Word is
not a goal of the current draft, though.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Mark brings up an interesting point that I hadn't examined carefully
before, and which is actually leading me to change my mind and start
supporting a "Date A."

First we need to separate the question of "what goal we want to
accomplish in allowing or disallowing certain codes" from the question
of "how do we achieve that goal."

I think most people would agree that we want to maintain compatibility
with all previous RFC 1766 and 3066 tags.  Specifically, there should be
no tag that was valid under the rules of RFC 1766 or 3066 that is no
longer valid under RFC 3066bis.  Then the question becomes, what *were*
the rules of RFC 1766 and 3066?

RFC 1766 says:

"All 2-letter tags are interpreted according to ISO standard 639, 'Code
for the representation of names of languages' [ISO 639]."

The reference in square brackets is to ISO 639:1988.  The text mentions
that a Registration Authority exists, and gives its address and
telephone number, but does not make any provision for adopting the RA's
changes.  It does list six codes that "have been added in 1989,"
including three that "replaced" other codes, but says nothing about
whether the "replaced" codes were still allowable in tags, or whether
new codes subsequently approved by the RA would also be allowable.

RFC 3066 corrected this omission as follows:

"All 2-letter subtags are interpreted according to assignments found in
ISO standard 639, 'Code for the representation of names of languages'
[ISO 639], or assignments subsequently made by the ISO 639 part 1
maintenance agency or governing standardization bodies."

Again the reference is to ISO 639:1988, but this time it is clearly
stated that added and changed codes can also be used in language tags.
Again, no mention is made of whether old codes were still allowable, but
it would be awkward to conclude that a code change should require all
existing data using the old code to be retagged.

The situation is the same for ISO 3166.  RFC 1766 cites the 1988 version
of ISO 3166, and only allows for codes in that version, whereas RFC 3066
expressly allows codes "subsequently assigned by the ISO 3166
maintenance agency or governing standardization bodies."

A strict interpretation of all this would be that the codes allowed by
RFC 1766 and 3066 are those listed in the 1988 versions of ISO 639 and
3166, plus the six codes listed in RFC 1766 as having been "added in
1989," PLUS all codes added to either standard since 2001, when RFC 3066
with its allowance for "assignments subsequently made" was published.

A more realistic interpretation, which probably captures the true
situation, would be that the set of allowable codes consists of all
codes in ISO 639:1988 and ISO 3166:1988, plus all codes assigned since
those standards were published -- 1988, not 1995 or 2001.  This covers
not only the six language codes explicitly listed in RFC 1766, but also
the assumption that was probably always made since the release of RFC
1766, and finally codified in RFC 3066: that updates were allowed.

What does this mean for the registry?  ISO 639:1988 was the original
version of that standard, so this "looser interpretation" doesn't remove
any language subtags.  ISO 3166:1988 was the third edition of that
standard (originally published in 1974).  Restricting the region subtags
to those published in the 1988 version or later would exclude the
following 15 code elements:

BQ  British Antarctic Territory
CT  Canton and Enderbury Islands
DY  Benin (Dahomey)
FQ  French Southern and Antarctic Territories
HV  Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)
JT  Johnston Island
MI  Midway Islands
NH  Vanuatu (New Hebrides)
NQ  Dronning Maud Land
PC  Pacific Islands Trust Territory
PU  U.S. Miscellaneous Pacific Islands
PZ  Panama Canal Zone
RH  Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia)
VD  North Vietnam
WK  Wake Island

but would NOT exclude the following 9 code elements, which were
withdrawn after 1988:

BU  Myanmar (Burma)
DD  East Germany
FX  Metropolitan France
NT  Neutral Zone
SU  Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
TP  Timor-Leste (East Timor, originally Portuguese Timor)
YD  People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
YU  Serbia and Montenegro (Yugoslavia)
ZR  Congo, The Democratic Republic of the (Zaire)

Does this make sense?  If the goal is to make sure all RFC 1766 and 3066
language tags are still valid, and if we can agree that codes withdrawn
before 1988 were never valid in tags, then we can disallow these codes
in RFC 3066bis as well.  We can "give back" the 15 codes to ISO 3166/MA,
so to speak, so that if they are reassigned it doesn't hurt us.

Note that we haven't done any one-by-one "cherry-picking" as to whether
a given code is useless or lame or anything.  For example, "ar-NT" is
still just as pointless a tag as ever, but we don't use that as a reason
to disallow it.

In John Cowan's terms, then, "Date A" would be 1988-01-01.  (Actually,
it doesn't matter what date in 1988 is chosen, since no codes were
withdrawn during that year.)  And "Date B" would be either 2005-01-01,
or the date of each new draft, or the date of final publication, or
whatever.  It won't matter if we can get the MAs to play nice and not
reassign any codes until then.

I propose this solution, and politely request WG feedback.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Misha Wolf <Misha dot Wolf at reuters dot com> wrote:

> <quote>
> My point was that 600,000 bytes isn't all that much in comparison to
> the things we store and pass around nowadays.  That's less than half a
> floppy disk, and everyone knows we don't use floppies any more because
> they're considered too small to hold anything useful.
> </quote>
>
> Do you have in mind an 8 inch or a 5.25 inch floppy disk?

I have in mind either a 5.25-inch or a 3.5-inch high-density diskette,
either of which can hold at least 1.2 MB.  I haven't seen a computer
built in the last 25 years that used an 8-inch diskette.  We had some in
the college bookstore warehouse where I worked in the '80s; we
considered them museum pieces even then.

The 5.25-inch HD diskette has been available since 1984, and the
3.5-inch HD since 1987.  Very few PCs sold since the mid-'90s support
only the low-density (720K) diskettes, which would still be large enough
to hold a 600K registry.  5.25-inch drives are getting quite hard to
find by now.

I shouldn't have brought this up.  The registry won't be anywhere near
this big unless and until the draft makes a concrete provision to
support ISO 639-3 codes.  Right now it defines a placeholder for them,
but does not specify anything else about them (e.g. when are they used
as primary language subtags and when as extlang subtags).

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Tex Texin <tex at i18nguy dot com> wrote:

> The question of speaking up for no-BC is a bit loaded when asked in
> that way.

I was scratching my head and searching frantically for a country code
'BC', so I could figure out where someone was speaking Norwegian, until
I realized that "no-BC" meant "no backward compatibility."

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/




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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

> Later 3066 speculates about the chances of an ISO 639-1:2000
> published in 2001, and forbids the user assigned codes AA, ZZ,
> QM-QZ, and XA-XZ, they were allowed in RfC 1766.

Because they were allowed in RFC 1766, and because they may be useful,
they should be allowed in RFC 3066bis.

> SNAFU.  It's the purpose of 3066bis to cleanup this mess, not
> to preserve it.  Apparently nobody has a copy of ISO 3166:1988.
> Doug is forced to guess using private Web pages what this old
> stuff is about.

I have to use Clive Feather's page anyway because I don't have a copy of
ISO 3166-3 that says when this code and that code were withdrawn.

Once again:  Anyone got a copy of ISO 3166-3?

> We found RH, BQ, FQ, and NQ, these codes are
> irrelevant and disgusting.  Nobody recognizes these codes, and
> nobody needs any ?Q for fantastic languages in the Antarctic.

See my other post, which proposes to exclude these codes because they
were not valid under earlier RFCs, not because they are "irrelevant and
disgusting."  The latter is subjective and arbitrary.  (It is funny,
though.)

>> *nowhere* in 1766 does it say that a code later deprecated in
>> ISO 639 or 3166 is not valid
>
> "additions to and changes in the list".  Country codes like NH,
> BQ, FQ, and NQ are shown as _unassigned_ on the 3166-1 page.
> Maybe _deprecated_ in ISO 639 is a different issue, but 3166-1
> has a clear list of states:
>
> officially assigned       - examples: AQ, AX, CS
> user assigned             - examples: AA. QQ, XX
> exceptionally reserved    - examples: AC, EU, IM
> transitionally reserved   - examples: BU, NT, SF
> indeterminately reserved  - examples: DY. FL, RH
> not used at present stage - examples: AP, BX, EF
> unassigned                - examples: BQ, DD, NH

"Why they are reserved" is not important.  Either a code is currently
assigned, or it was formerly assigned, or it is private-use
("user-assigned").  Distinctions between the different types of
"reserved" are of interest only to the MA.

> BTW, Doug has RH as Southern Rhodesia, the ISO 3166-1 Web page
> has RH as Haiti (indeterminately reserved).

RH for Haiti would probably be a car code for "Republic of Haiti."

"Indeterminately reserved" is not a category I have any faith or
confidence in, not since ISO 3166/MA indeterminately reserved ROU
(Republic of Uruguay) and then assigned it to Romania because the old
code, ROM, might be construed as referring to a disparaged ethnic group.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Mark Davis <mark dot davis at jtcsv dot com> wrote:

> Look, we regularly get beaten up by various IETF people for the
> backwards compatibility of the Unicode Standard. I hate to see IETF
> take a much more lackadaisical approach to language tags. I'm ok with
> excluding codes that no reasonable person would believe is was valid
> at some time according to the text of 1766 and 3066.

I agree that we should not be lackadaisical.  I do feel that the text of
1766 and 3066 excludes pre-1988 codes.

> And if we start down the road of judging each individual case
> according to whether we think it was "lame" or not, we will just tie
> ourselves up in knots. We have a bright line; let's use it. We should
> simply not break backward compatibility, when the only benefit is
> having a very small number of additional codes.

Frank's concern, echoed by John in his comment about "lame," is not so
much that we lose a few codes, but that ISO 3166/MA will pull an ISO
3166/MA and reassign one of the codes, and the country to whom it was
reassigned will be forced to accept a UN M.49 code in language tags,
because we've reserved the subtag in perpetuity for "French Unrecognized
Antarctic Claims."

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: [Ltru] XML registries now available
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I've uploaded a couple of XML versions of the registry, again just so
everyone can visualize what they would look like.

One is in Addison's original "back of the envelope" format, at
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg-addison.xml:

<subtag type="language" value="aa" date="2004-07-06">
  <description>Afar</description>
</subtag>

while the other uses XML elements exclusively instead of attributes,
which may or may not have been what Ira McDonald had in mind, at
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg-ira.xml:

<subtag>
  <type>language</type>
  <value>aa</value>
  <description>Afar</description>
  <date>2004-07-06</date>
</subtag>

These are only up for illustration, not for advocacy.  Personally I
liked the old vertical-bar format, but if the group would prefer to see
a change, that's fine.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
To: Doug Ewell <dewell@adelphia.net>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Cutoff date for ISO codes (was: Re: Question)
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> In John Cowan's terms, then, "Date A" would be 1988-01-01.  (Actually,
> it doesn't matter what date in 1988 is chosen, since no codes were
> withdrawn during that year.)  And "Date B" would be either 2005-01-01,
> or the date of each new draft, or the date of final publication, or
> whatever.  It won't matter if we can get the MAs to play nice and not
> reassign any codes until then.

This version of my solution is also fine with me.

-- 
Business before pleasure, if not too bloomering long before.
        --Nicholas van Rijn
                John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
                        http://www.ccil.org/~cowan  http://www.reutershealth.com

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At 03:17 27/03/2005, Doug Ewell wrote:
>The registry will need to be updated whenever a new code element is
>added to ISO 639, 3166, or 15924, or whenever the Language Subtag
>Reviewer approves the registration of a variant subtag.  By my estimate,
>this is anywhere from 3 to 12 times a year.  I don't think an RFC is the
>right vehicle for something as dynamic as that.

What I mean is that:
- if you put the data in the BCP 047, it would become obsolete when there=
=20
would be an ISO update.
- if you put them in a separate RFC, the IANA will load them. At the firs=
t=20
change, you update the IANA according to the BCP047 procedure (new=20
document) and obsolete the data RFC.

>However, we are talking about ISO 639-3 code elements used as
>extended-language subtags, and it does need to be noted that there are
>more than 7,000 of these and there is NO plain-text format that can
>express them all without chewing up quite a few bytes.  I created a text
>file from the tables in a draft version of 639-3, in about as compact a
>format as you can imagine:
>
># Reference name|ID|Scope|Part 2|Status|Macro|
>!O!ung|oun|I||||
>!X=C3=B3=C3=B5|nmn|I||||
>//Ani|hnh|I||||
>//Gana|gnk|I||||
>//Xegwi|xeg|I||||
>/Gwi|gwj|I||||
>/Xam|xam|I||||
>etc.
>
>and even this file, with 7,617 records (479 of which are already in
>639-1 or 639-2 and thus won't need to be added to the registry), is more
>than 161,000 bytes.  There's no getting around it; no matter how you
>slice it up, no matter what format is chosen, a registry with seven
>thousand languages is a large registry.

We fully agree. I rose the question of the load when we started discussin=
g=20
XML. IMHO, but this may be subjective, this is why I asked, the least=20
directly usable is the format, the least there will be chances that someo=
ne=20
builds an application calling the IANA.

I will be frank IMHO the IANA registryis has only a political and and a=20
central exposure interes: it would be better just to document where to fi=
nd=20
the data supported by their referent. We have the experience of the DNS=20
database: the IANA delays/moods in getting the DNS root updated are the=20
main problem of TLD Managers. Also, be sure that if you start building a=20
formal system, imposing constraints, usage will just partly move away fro=
m=20
it. Like for the DNS, with alt-roots and PADs.

NB. I keep refering to the DNS because (I quoted the STD 013) it could be=
=20
the proper vehicle to support the data and permit immediate access by=20
applications.

I do not know if I will be able to present/discuss our draft as we planne=
d=20
due to the Easter delay, so let me introduce the idea and it can be=20
discussed before the draft (at this stage it is just a concept, but I hav=
e=20
the tools and the possibly useful plug-in).
1. there are four descriptive subtags (language, script, culture, style)
2. there is an authoritative subtag (referent).

Let assume that the referent is designated by his domain=20
name.  "style.culture.language.script.referent" can be a domain name wher=
e=20
an information is stored (exists or not, to start with) in an RR. Exemple=
:=20
"casual.fra.fr.latn.jefsey.com" will be where to find my description of t=
he=20
way I understand casual French of France. I can certainly have a CNAME wi=
th=20
"casual.fr.fr.latn.jefsey.com".

The reason why I put the script first is that "latn.jefsey.com" can be=20
transformed by a plug-in (currently used by scores of millions of users)=20
into ".langtag" in Latin character. The call is then casual.fr.fr.langtag=
,=20
with a RX being responded to the application documenting the registration=
=20
(it can simply be the Handle of the documentation - permanent document=20
addressing system used by the LOC and many others).

It just calls for a db.file description to immediately support 7500=20
languages and 20000 dialects and all what you want. 15.000.000 tags are n=
o=20
big deal vs. hundreds of million of domain names supported by nearly one=20
million of nameservers. And it costs nothing.

> > I want also to underline that the figure I quote are not for "every
> > time", but very conservative (1 a year) as you call for.
>
>You are correct, and I did miss that.
>
>I suppose a valid question might be, how often does an application need
>to update its copy of the registry if it attempts to be "conformant"
>with RFC 3066bis (however that is defined)?  Currently we have
>applications that claim to support RFC 3066, but don't necessarily
>support all registered tags, such as "bs-Latn" which was registered just
>last month.  (For that matter, even the IANA pages don't list any of the
>tags they have registered since mid-2004.)
>
>As you mentioned, anti-virus software requires virus definition files to
>be updated frequently for maximum effectiveness.  This is not the same
>as requiring frequent updates in order for the software to work at all.
>I wonder what the situation is with other applications that rely on data
>from IANA registries.  Are they considered non-conformant if they don't
>have the latest version, or just behind the times?
>
>Maybe there should be a way to provide incremental updates to the
>registry, so that the addition of one or two new subtags does not
>require the whole registry to be replaced.  This is probably
>application-specific, and out of our scope.
>
> > What you quote about Microsoft is interesting. But it looks like a wa=
y
> > to tune an obligation imposed elsewhere? (if you speak French and are
> > in Canada you are supposed to speak fr-CA?).
>
>No, that's the exact opposite of my point.

We are in agreement. My Franglish probably the problem. I meant you are=20
supposed to use a Canadian locale, but Microft allows you to evade  from =
it.

How do you support Tamils?

> > But this is a good point. I recall you that my lang5tag proposition i=
s
> > not only in line with every dictionary, but also with Word and with
> > the "preferences" quoted in the Charter.
>
>We'll see what your draft says.  Being "in line with" Microsoft Word is
>not a goal of the current draft, though.

You are right. I only assume that Word is probably in line with the users=
=20
otherwise they would use something else. So being level with Words and=20
Dictionaries (which usually document a word in giving the style, the=20
reference and possibly the date) gives chances to be level wit the  real =
needs.

jfc



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On 01:18 27/03/2005, Doug Ewell said:
> > It also turns out from experience that a decade seems to be the 
> absolecense cycle of the
> > technology itself.
>
>It depends on the technology.

:-) we are IETF.
I meant international network technology. Since 1977: Tymnet, OSI, 
Internet, coming NGN.
jfc  


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At 05:35 27/03/2005, Doug Ewell wrote:
>These are only up for illustration, not for advocacy.  Personally I
>liked the old vertical-bar format, but if the group would prefer to see
>a change, that's fine.

I favor vertical bar: simple, visual, secure. IMHO the only advantage of 
XML is to be easily ported to ASN.1 (easy maintenance in case of changes). 
However I agree with Ira, the programing is much simpler and secure with 
vertical bars. It is also Excell compatible.
jfc



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Mark Davis scripsit:

> 1. Matching. Use of 'sr' says that you want to match Serbian of
> whatever form: doesn't depend on the country, doesn't depend on the script.
> Use of, say, 'sr-Latn-IT' means that you want Serbian, but limited to
> Latin script, and as used in Italy. If I want to have a document query, then
> I could use one of the above to restrict the documents that match my query.
> I could get back 1000 documents or none, according to what database of
> documents I am searching and how restrictive my query is. 

Something I didn't really understand about RFC 2616 matching until now
is that if a server has content tagged en-gb and en-us, but none tagged
just en, then it's conformant for the server to return either one in a
request for en without telling you about the other in any way.

> 2. Lookup. When you lookup language data, for example, for display on a web
> page, it is a different process. You typically don't have the choice of
> displaying nothing if there is not an exact match. Instead, you fall back.
> If you don't have data exactly matching 'sr-Latn-IT', you fallback to data
> for 'sr-Latn'. If you don't have that either, you fallback to data for 'sr'.
> Now, whatever data contents someone has associated with 'sr', it has to be a
> single consistent type of data, so it will be in one of 'Latn' or 'Cyrl'.

This algorithm should be added to the matching draft.

I also have a third algorithm to propose, which I have not worked out
in full detail.  It accepts a language pattern to match against and a
set of documents to be matched, each with a language tag.

1) The language pattern and the language tags are pre-normalized by
mapping grandfathered and obsolete tags into modern equivalents.

2) The language pattern and the language tags are normalized into
quadruples of the form (language, script, country, variant), where
extended language is considered part of language and x-private-codes
are considered part of the language if they are initial and part of
the language if not initial.  Missing components are set to "*".  An "*"
pattern becomes the quadruple ("*", "*", "*", "*").

3) Each document is assigned a figure of merit such that higher values
indicate better matches and lower values indicate worse ones.

	a) If the language matches, add 8 to the figure of merit.
	b) If the script matches, add 4 to the figure of merit.
	c) If the region matches, add 2 to the figure of merit.
	d) If the variant matches, add 1 to the figure of merit.

Elements of the quadruples are considered to match if they are the same
or if one of them is "*".

4) 15 is a perfect match, 0 is no match at all.  Any match less than 8 is
almost certainly not worth considering.

This algorithm may have bugs, and is certainly not expressed in the
necessary detail.  I invite people to fiddle with it.

-- 
Is not a patron, my Lord [Chesterfield],        John Cowan
one who looks with unconcern on a man           http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
struggling for life in the water, and when      http://www.reutershealth.com
he has reached ground encumbers him with help?          jcowan@reutershealth.com
        --Samuel Johnson

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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

> What I mean is that:
> - if you put the data in the BCP 047, it would become obsolete when
> there would be an ISO update.

Of course.  I don't know anyone who wants to do that.

> - if you put them in a separate RFC, the IANA will load them. At the
> first change, you update the IANA according to the BCP047 procedure
> (new document) and obsolete the data RFC.

I don't think there should be a data RFC in the first place.

> I will be frank IMHO the IANA registryis has only a political and and
> a central exposure interes: it would be better just to document where
> to find the data supported by their referent.

I strongly disagree.  Nobody should have to go through all the tedious
and error-prone steps to derive the registry from all the various source
standards.  Take another look at
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/init-registry.html, and bear in mind
that's just the language subtags.  The region subtags will be worse.

I don't believe that any of us who support the creation of a registry do
so on the basis of any political agenda or desire for "exposure," if
that is what you mean.  I certainly do not have those goals.

> We have the experience of the DNS database: the IANA delays/moods in
> getting the DNS root updated are the main problem of TLD Managers.

I have to admit, I am worried about whether the subtag registry will get
updated in a timely manner, if the existing whole-tag registry hasn't
been updated since mid-2004 even though nine tags have been registered
since then.

> Also, be sure that if you start building a formal system, imposing
> constraints, usage will just partly move away from it. Like for the
> DNS, with alt-roots and PADs.

The "system" we are "building" is just a significant update to the RFC
1766/3066 system that already exists.  And yes, some people have abused
it.

Not to pick on Microsoft, because everyone else does, but the .NET
Framework has a class called CultureInfo, which has a property called
Name, which is a string that supposedly "follows the RFC 1766 standard."
Only it doesn't; it extends it in certain ways, by assigning names like
"zh-CHS" and "zh-CHT" for Simplified and Traditional Chinese, and using
the 3-letter "div" instead of "dv" for Divehi, and by using the
non-existent country code 'SP' for Serbia and Montenegro, and by using
language-region-script codes like "az-AZ-Cyrl" which aren't registered
under either RFC 1766 or 3066.

(I wish, oh how I wish, that 'SP' really were the country code that ISO
3166/MA had chosen to replace 'YU'.  But it isn't.)

So sure, somebody is bound to abuse RFC 3066bis.  I don't think that's a
convincing argument not to build it.

> I do not know if I will be able to present/discuss our draft as we
> planned due to the Easter delay, so let me introduce the idea and it
> can be discussed before the draft (at this stage it is just a concept,
> but I have the tools and the possibly useful plug-in).
> 1. there are four descriptive subtags (language, script, culture,
> style)
> 2. there is an authoritative subtag (referent).
>
> Let assume that the referent is designated by his domain name.
> "style.culture.language.script.referent" can be a domain name where an
> information is stored (exists or not, to start with) in an RR.
> Exemple: "casual.fra.fr.latn.jefsey.com" will be where to find my
> description of the way I understand casual French of France. I can
> certainly have a CNAME with "casual.fr.fr.latn.jefsey.com".

Others can discuss this now if they choose to.  I will wait for the
draft.

>>> What you quote about Microsoft is interesting. But it looks like a
>>> way to tune an obligation imposed elsewhere? (if you speak French
>>> and are in Canada you are supposed to speak fr-CA?).
>>
>> No, that's the exact opposite of my point.
>
> We are in agreement. My Franglish probably the problem. I meant you
> are supposed to use a Canadian locale, but Microft allows you to evade
> from it.

I still don't understand.  Microsoft lets you use a France locale, and
simultaneously say, "but I am physically in Canada."  Maybe we should
just drop this.

> How do you support Tamils?

Very well, thank you.

No, seriously, there must be an inner meaning to this that I don't
understand.  You can write "ta" for Tamil, or "ta-IN" for Tamil as used
specifically in India, or "ta-LK" for Tamil in Sri Lanka, etc. etc.  You
can do that today, with RFC 3066.  Under RFC 3066bis you could also use
the script subtag 'Taml', or a different one if another script is being
used to write Tamil (I don't know if that happens).

>> We'll see what your draft says.  Being "in line with" Microsoft Word
>> is not a goal of the current draft, though.
>
> You are right. I only assume that Word is probably in line with the
> users otherwise they would use something else. So being level with
> Words and Dictionaries (which usually document a word in giving the
> style, the reference and possibly the date) gives chances to be level
> wit the  real needs.

Sorry, you lost me.  I use Word, at home because I think it's good
software, and at work because I have to.  As for dictionaries, I have
one of those huge Random House unabridged dictionaries and enjoy being
able to look up etymologies, origins, and dates of first usage.  But I
don't recall it classifying every word as to "style," except for obvious
non-standard words like "ain't," and I certainly wouldn't consider that
to be a "real need" in the sense that I would need that information from
the dictionary in order to form a sentence.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: Tex Texin <tex@i18nguy.com>
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Actually it refers to a special Norwegian form of backward
compatibility.

;-)

My bad for abbreviating. Sorry. I thought this list was already using BC
for backward compatibility, but its possible it was being used regularly
in another list I am on and not this one.

But I should have anticipated the hyphenated no- form would look more
like a lang tag than an abbreviation.

tex

Doug Ewell wrote:
> 
> Tex Texin <tex at i18nguy dot com> wrote:
> 
> > The question of speaking up for no-BC is a bit loaded when asked in
> > that way.
> 
> I was scratching my head and searching frantically for a country code
> 'BC', so I could figure out where someone was speaking Norwegian, until
> I realized that "no-BC" meant "no backward compatibility."
> 
> -Doug Ewell
>  Fullerton, California
>  http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
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-- 
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Xen Master                          http://www.i18nGuy.com
                         
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Making e-Business Work Around the World
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Doug Ewell wrote:

> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg-addison.xml
[...]
> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg-ira.xml

Both nice, I can't judge the pro and con between these formats.

To get a simple parser in any language very fast record-jar
or similar is apparently good enough.  The XML formats would
allow Unicode for 3066ter ideas like "language name in its
native script(s)" or only a Latin-1 "French name".

> These are only up for illustration, not for advocacy.
> Personally I liked the old vertical-bar format

It's fine, but unusable in an I-D or RfC.  Therefore I'd opt
for record-jar or a variant with empty lines instead of "%%",
plus the normal MIME folding for too long lines.

                             Bye, Frank



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Doug Ewell wrote:

> "Why they are reserved" is not important.  Either a code is
> currently assigned, or it was formerly assigned, or it is
> private-use ("user-assigned").  Distinctions between the
> different types of "reserved" are of interest only to the MA.

I'm not sure, if "transitionally reserved" is essentially the
same as "deprecated", this could be relevant, and if all these
other "reservations" hide what we're interested in here, i.e.
"deprecated" vs. "unassigned", it could be also relevant.

And for Mark's "Joe Blow" or my "Jane Blog" anything on the
3166-1 web pages could be (ab)used.  Especially before 3066bis.

If we don't have a copy of ISO 3166:1988, then Joe and Jane
also have no copy, that's why they (ab)use ccTLDs or reserved
codes.  Until the future 3066bis registry helps to catch such
errors.
        Bye, Frank



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Mar 27 11:53:09 2005
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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
To: "'Doug Ewell'" <dewell@adelphia.net>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] XML registries now available
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Hi Doug,

Yes, using only XML elements was exactly what I had in mind.
Mixing XML attributes with XML elements to contain the data
has no practical advantages and makes the XML much harder
to parse.

Looking forward in this thread, Frank's right, you can't
put XML with non-ASCII characters in an RFC.  Period.
It's IESG policy we're not going to change for our RFC.

That specifically means also not using so-called upper-half
ISO 8859-1 (Latin-1) characters.  They are NOT permitted
in RFCs.

So if Aland needs it's ring in the registry, we still need
some more mechanism.

Proposal - since it only affects one field (native name of
language in UTF-8), what about having a parallel list (a
second Informative registry file) that has the pairs of
transcribed ASCII name and native language name?

Using XML seems to be considered here mainly as a codespace
solution for non-ASCII names (which is NOT a good reason for
using XML).

Cheers,
- Ira

PS - That second file would be Informative (even in the IANA
Registry) so that this WG list doesn't become a poor man's
ISO Registration/Maintenance Authority - it's best effort.

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
Behalf Of Doug Ewell
Sent: Saturday, March 26, 2005 9:35 PM
To: LTRU Working Group
Subject: [Ltru] XML registries now available


I've uploaded a couple of XML versions of the registry, again just so
everyone can visualize what they would look like.

One is in Addison's original "back of the envelope" format, at
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg-addison.xml:

<subtag type="language" value="aa" date="2004-07-06">
  <description>Afar</description>
</subtag>

while the other uses XML elements exclusively instead of attributes,
which may or may not have been what Ira McDonald had in mind, at
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/lstreg-ira.xml:

<subtag>
  <type>language</type>
  <value>aa</value>
  <description>Afar</description>
  <date>2004-07-06</date>
</subtag>

These are only up for illustration, not for advocacy.  Personally I
liked the old vertical-bar format, but if the group would prefer to see
a change, that's fine.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Doug Ewell wrote:

>> I'm not planning to buy a new hard drive only to read a IANA
>> registry with language tags ;-)
 
> I said the registry would grow by 600,000 bytes.  I don't
> think that's quite big enough to require you to buy a new
> hard drive.

Sure, I was joking.  It would be serious if you were talking
about 50 MB.  Or maybe about cell phones / PDAs / etc.

> Whether the registry gets split into pieces is, I suppose,
> IANA's business.

Scott said that we should assume the worst, or at leaast that
was my interpretation.  One way to organize this could be a
"one tage = one file" subdirectory (+ ZIP or similar), for an
example see the xml2rfc subdirectories:

<http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml/>
<http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/txt/>

There are similar subdirectories for fresh I-Ds, other formats,
other popular references, etc.  One example you could need in
a future "draft registry" with xml2rfc is:

<http://xml.resource.org/public/rfc/bibxml3/reference.I-D.ietf-ltru-registry.xml>

> it's still a non-issue until ISO 639-3 codes become available
> as extended-language subtags, which won't happen until (a)
> ISO 639-3 is published and (b) the registry RFC we are 
> working on is updated to accommodate them.

Sure, but IANA and many users won't be happy if we change the
format of their langtag registry more than once in this decade.
Yes, I know when RfC 3066 was published.  Bye, Frank



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Doug Ewell wrote:

> There's nothing magic about 10 years.

For our purposes the last 10 years would allow us to get rid
of the A-list country codes (after 1988, before RfC 1766):

BU, DD, FX, NT, SU, TP, YD, YU, ZR.

If the next registry draft allows to use ISO 3166-3 as a source
for canonical values, we could fix DDDE and YDYE (no canonical
value for DD and YD at the moment).

We would still have the odd situation, that tags for DD and YD
are possible, but tags for the old DE and YE are impossible -
these country codes are now implicitly the new DE (incl. DD)
and the new YE (incl. YD).

To fix this oddity we could add a "union rule":

| If two or more regions form a union, and if that union
| inherits the country code of one of its former parts, then
| the former UN number of this region is added as deprecated
| subtag with a corresponding canonical value.

Example - I'm too lazy to check the UN numers and invent them
here, before the union of YD+YE and DD+DE resp.:

YD  101
YE  102
DD  201
DE  202

After the unions:

102     YE # deprecated 
YD  101 YE # deprecated (3166-3 YDYE) 
YE  100    # see also 102
202     DE # deprecated
DD  201 DE # deprecated (3166-3 DDDE)
DE  200    # see also 202

At the moment the consensus is apparently some "frozen 3166-1"
concept, and not my "whatever 3166-1 says is fine but unstable"
idea.  In that case we'd need better rules for "unions" (and
probably also for "splits") when the new region inherits an
old country code.  Otherwise we'd implicitly "lose" regions
as shown above.

You're all very sure that my proposal to use UN numbers for
stability isn't okay ?  All these weird cases of "unions",
"splits", "lost regions", etc. don't exist for UN numbers.

                          Bye, Frank



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From: "Jon Hanna" <jon@hackcraft.net>
To: <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
Date: Sun, 27 Mar 2005 19:36:44 +0100
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What is the "dumbest" device we're likely to want to have a cache of the
registry?

This clearly isn't an elevator-control matter, but how much smarter than
that would something have to be before having a access to the registry is
useful, and hence before the size of the cache becomes a significant matter?

Regards,
Jon Hanna
Work: <http://www.selkieweb.com/>
Play: <http://www.hackcraft.net/>
Chat: <irc://irc.freenode.net/selkie>


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McDonald, Ira wrote:

> Looking forward in this thread, Frank's right, you can't
> put XML with non-ASCII characters in an RFC.  Period.

Wait a moment, that's the interesting point about XML, you can
use us-ascii in the document with character references like
&#229; - the W3C now prefers hex. (C048), but that's a "no-BC"
idea for (X)HTML.

You can also define symbolic character references on the fly
like <!ENTITY Aring "&#x00E5;"> or "include" these symbolic
definitions found in another public DTD / ENT file.

> Using XML seems to be considered here mainly as a codespace
> solution for non-ASCII names (which is NOT a good reason for
> using XML).

For the very simple structure needed here it's the only pro-XML
argument I can think of.  We both don't want XML, but apparently
for different reasons.
                          Bye, Frank



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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: XML registries now available
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> Wait a moment, that's the interesting point about XML, you can
> use us-ascii in the document with character references like
> &#229; - the W3C now prefers hex. (C048), but that's a "no-BC"
> idea for (X)HTML.

In practice only for HTML, with XHTML if that's causing you BC problems so
will a whole lot else.

Regards,
Jon Hanna
Work: <http://www.selkieweb.com/>
Play: <http://www.hackcraft.net/>
Chat: <irc://irc.freenode.net/selkie> 


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From: Misha Wolf <Misha.Wolf@reuters.com>
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Why are we talking about XML in an RFC.  Surely the registry wouldn't be
*in* an RFC?

HTML 4.01 allows hex NCRs [1], as does XHTML.

[1] http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/intro/sgmltut.html#h-3.2.3

Misha




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To: Frank Ellermann <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: XML registries now available
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Frank Ellermann scripsit:

> It's fine, but unusable in an I-D or RfC.  Therefore I'd opt
> for record-jar or a variant with empty lines instead of "%%",
> plus the normal MIME folding for too long lines.

Empty lines easily get lost in RFC format if they appear at the
top or bottom of a page; the "%%" delimiter is not subject
to that problem.

-- 
We are lost, lost.  No name, no business, no Precious, nothing.  Only empty.
Only hungry: yes, we are hungry.  A few little fishes, nassty bony little
fishes, for a poor creature, and they say death.  So wise they are; so just,
so very just.  --Gollum        jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan

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Jon Hanna wrote:

>> &#229; - the W3C now prefers hex. (C048), but that's a
>> "no-BC" idea for (X)HTML.

> In practice only for HTML, with XHTML if that's causing
> you BC problems so will a whole lot else.

IMHO XHTML 1.0 transitional is the best available HTML 3.2 for
new "BC" pages.  My vintage 1997 browser generally loves it as
long as I stay away from <del>.

It's only sad that there's no similar later XHTML version for
new simple "BC" pages, where I can avoid almost all legacy
markup except from a few cases of align= and name=, and maybe
bgcolor= together with the color= part of <font>.

Very off topic, pro forma on topic:  IANA publishs many of its
registries as (X)HTML pages, and if the future registry will be
a <pre>...</pre> part of an (X)HTML page no matter what we do,
then plain text us-ascii solutions at any cost instead of XML
would be a dubious idea.
                         Bye, Frank



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Subject: [Ltru] Re: XML registries now available
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Misha Wolf wrote:

> Surely the registry wouldn't be *in* an RFC?

The _initial_ registry could be in an RfC, compare RfC 4021 and
http://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/perm-headers.html

In that case IANA invented its own format instead of using the
initial registry, the time lag between RfC 3864, 3865, and 4021
could be the reason, maybe they'll fix this later.  Bye, Frank



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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: XML registries now available
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Hi Misha,

We're talking about XML in an RFC (and non-ASCII not being
legal in an RFC) because many or most new IANA registries
are _originally_ published in an RFC (because the outside
reviewers of the IANA procedures can clearly see what the
intended result is during the IESG 'last call').

If our IETF Area Directors and IANA are willing to forgo
such an RFC and go straight to the IANA registry plus the
procedures defined in LTRU 'IANA Considerations' section,
then this issue is irrelevant.

Although using non-ASCII and non-UTF-8 charsets in IANA
registries (like ISO 8859-1 which has been suggested) may
still get pushback from IESG and IANA.

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
Behalf Of Misha Wolf
Sent: Sunday, March 27, 2005 2:05 PM
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: XML registries now available


Why are we talking about XML in an RFC.  Surely the registry wouldn't be
*in* an RFC?

HTML 4.01 allows hex NCRs [1], as does XHTML.

[1] http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/intro/sgmltut.html#h-3.2.3

Misha




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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Mar 27 15:05:52 2005
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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
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Hi,

I am _not_ opposed to an XML registry for language tags.

I'm opposed to _only_ an XML registry.  I liked the option (4)
a while back on this list with both:

(a) Normative record-jar format in straight 7-bit ASCII
(b) Informative XML for ease-of-use by some automata

Separately, the discussion about how small a device (e.g.,
PDA or cellphone) needs to cache the registry is flawed.

No software should EVER download the registry from IANA in
a running device - this is a denial-of-service nightmare.
Software that downloaded newer language tags wouldn't know
what to do with them anyway.

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

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McDonald, Ira scripsit:

> Software that downloaded newer language tags wouldn't know
> what to do with them anyway.

This point deserves to be written up somewhere in letters of gold.
It is why there is absolutely no comparison between the LTR and the DNS.

-- 
John Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan
[R]eversing the apostolic precept to be all things to all men, I usually [before
Darwin] defended the tenability of the received doctrines, when I had to do
with the [evolution]ists; and stood up for the possibility of [evolution] among
the orthodox -- thereby, no doubt, increasing an already current, but quite
undeserved, reputation for needless combativeness.  --T. H. Huxley

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At 20:36 27/03/2005, Jon Hanna wrote:
>What is the "dumbest" device we're likely to want to have a cache of the
>registry?
>
>This clearly isn't an elevator-control matter, but how much smarter than
>that would something have to be before having a access to the registry is
>useful, and hence before the size of the cache becomes a significant matter?

Could the authors (or anyone have a good command of their intent) document 
the exact _use_ of the IANA files as they see it.

- an application reads a langtag.
- what does it do?
- when is it going to need a IANA originated data?
- will it be usually in the application code? will be it be updated in a 
parameter file? will it call the IANA? Should it call a cache/mirror? Then 
who should manage them?
- which applications will do that?
- how many times a day/month/year will this happen for a single user? or 
ISP? or designer?

For example, I understand that the non documented CLDR application mostly 
needs the langtag as a reference and will maintain its own files to be 
themselves used by OS programmers. So the load should be very low, unless 
someone develops an updating tool direct from the IANA and people use it at 
each reboot. I am not sure about HTML and XML applications? I am not sure 
about the need of updates? Will it be on a regular basis, or when an error 
is met an update will be requested? Should there be a solution to prevent 
an application to loop (like there are tools for Whois from hat I know)? etc.

We do have to document in detail the IANA section, and I am really at loss 
understanding what we are talking about. I maintain a daily review of the 
IANA files for ccTLDs (http://afrac.org/intldate.txt). It actually 
decreases the load on IANA since people know if there is an update of not 
for them to look. But if many people made the same thing as me for their 
own us, or if my cron had a problem, it could create an overload.

Without that information the whole Draft does not make any sense, because 
it is to document a IANA service and there are different strategies to 
address the need, depending on the load it represents.

jfc


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McDonald, Ira wrote:
 
> No software should EVER download the registry from IANA in
> a running device - this is a denial-of-service nightmare.
> Software that downloaded newer language tags wouldn't know
> what to do with them anyway.

What I had in mind was the configuration of "accept-languages"
with my browser:  It came with a huge list of choices, and it
offered to add other values manually.  The relevant part for
"small devices" is the "huge list" - not dowloaded from IANA
for each device, built-in, but you'd need that ROM.  No idea
how it's today, but a decade ago EPROM / EEPROM / etc. were
quite expensive in relation to the complete costs.  Bye, Frank




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> > Retro compatibility is offered for a long nowhere. Try to use your
> > 1930 telephone set, I am not sure it will work.

Bad example. I have in fact done exactly this, and 1930s era phones are fully
funcitonal today on a POTS line. (Of course they won't work on a digital
conection, but that's to be expected.) Rotary dial phones were introduced
around 1920, and even the phones without dials popular before that will let you
listen and talk. (Ringing is another, more complex story.)

This poster illustrates this aspect of telephone history rather nicely:

  http://www.sandman.com/images/telstory.jpg

> > Try to publish an
> > Internet 1990 terminology. Try to use the root servers file of 1995,
> > it will may be still work partly. Try to use DOS on your PC, it works
> > very well, but you are missing a lot of things.

> People have been quoting RFC 822, which is 23 years old, on this list.
> Even though it has been updated by RFC 2822, obviously many of the basic
> philosophies and terminology still apply.

Exactly right. And more to the point, lots of other RFCs published at or around
the same time are nothing but historical artefacts. And at various points along
the way if you'd taken a survey you would have found a lot of people believed
RFC 822 would join them in short order, having been replaced by X.400.

> > Objection to a decade obsolecense cycle?

> It's much too general to apply blindly.  Some standards and technologies
> are obsolete within a year or two; others are good for decades.  ASCII
> is 42 years old (or 38, depending on what you mean by "ASCII"), and yet
> many people still consider it the lowest common denominator necessary to
> ensure reliable communications.

And furthermore, we aren't good at predicting what will survive and what will
be lost. Planned obsolescence is therefore a bad idea for standards, since
things often don't go according to plan.

> There's nothing magic about 10 years.

Absolutely.

				Ned

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The question of speaking up for no-BC is a bit loaded when asked in that
way.

I would not mind forgoing backward compatibility if there were
compensating benefits.

I would need to believe that the benefits were real, and also that there
weren't a number of hidden dangers that might be more problematic than
dealing with the cost of legacy.

But given the ambiguities in the legacy of language tags, and its
different usages by different technologies, I can certainly see creating
a new scheme. In fact would want it to look different so it didnt suffer
the confusion and baggage of the current system.

I said this a few years ago as well when we discussed solving the
problems I raised in the locales paper for the Unicode conference. I
would still welcome a new approach. I don't see however, that we have a
way to articulate a clean solution.

The problem I see is not in architecting the scheme for tagging, but
determining what a language is, in a useful way for software developers,
so that they can understand which language tag to use, and not an
identification which only linguists recognize or criteria which are not
clearly expressed.

So yes, forget compatibility if I can have a scheme that works.
On the other hand, if we maintain compatibility and make the current
system more complex and no more usable, I don't need that either.

I would welcome a clear set of rules for choosing a tag for content, and
rules for finding content with known tags.

tex


Mark Davis wrote:
> 
> People presumed that 3066 was backwards compatible with 1766, and data was
> generated on that basis. The cost of supporting full backwards compatibility
> with 1766 and 3066 (for all but the ISO codes that were reused) is extremely
> low, just a few additional codes. We then don't disturb the stability of
> tags that were generated in good faith, using codes that at some point in
> time qualified as 'assigned' in the base standards.
> 
> On that basis, I think it's a no-brainer.
> 
> You are the only one I hear saying that we don't care about backward
> compability with codes that were valid under 1766 and 3066. Anyone else want
> to speak up for non-backwards compatibility?

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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

>> "Why they are reserved" is not important.  Either a code is
>> currently assigned, or it was formerly assigned, or it is
>> private-use ("user-assigned").  Distinctions between the
>> different types of "reserved" are of interest only to the MA.
>
> I'm not sure, if "transitionally reserved" is essentially the
> same as "deprecated", this could be relevant, and if all these
> other "reservations" hide what we're interested in here, i.e.
> "deprecated" vs. "unassigned", it could be also relevant.

We should apply the various ISO 3166 categories of "reserved" or
"unassigned" only if they help meet the real goal of allowing all codes
that have been in ISO 3166 since 1988, and disallowing all others.

Recall that the disallowed codes (withdrawn before 1988) would be BQ,
CT, DY, FQ, HV, JT, MI, NH, NQ, PC, PU, PZ, RH, VD, and WK.  All of
these are marked "unassigned," except for DY and RH, which are
"indeterminately reserved" due to their use in car codes.  In fact, as
seen earlier, RH is reserved because of its association with Haiti, not
Southern Rhodesia.

Also recall that the allowed codes (withdrawn after 1988) would be BU,
DD, FX, NT, SU, TP, YD, YU, and ZR.  All of these are "transitionally
reserved," except for DD and YD, which are simply "unassigned," and FX,
which is "exceptionally reserved."  The DD and YD cases seem odd because
both were withdrawn in 1990, a year later than BU, which is still
"transitionally reserved."  FX is a strange code to begin with, but its
status in the "exceptionally reserved" category makes things worse; that
category is a catch-all, and we learn nothing about FX by finding it
there.

These exceptions make me uncomfortable with relying on the ISO 3166
categories.

> And for Mark's "Joe Blow" or my "Jane Blog" anything on the
> 3166-1 web pages could be (ab)used.  Especially before 3066bis.
>
> If we don't have a copy of ISO 3166:1988, then Joe and Jane
> also have no copy, that's why they (ab)use ccTLDs or reserved
> codes.  Until the future 3066bis registry helps to catch such
> errors.

We're *talking* about the future 3066bis registry.  What people do with
3066 is out of scope for this group -- although I have to ask again, is
there really any evidence that people are using non-ISO 3166 ccTLDs in
language tags?

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

>> Joe Blow was deciding whether his code should allow "en-BU"
>
> That's a sad story, like Jane Blog's adventure in cyberspace:
>
> Seeing RH on a car in Haiti she checks the ISO 3166-1 Web
> page and finds something about "RH Haiti" as expected,  So
> she tags a Creole text with fr-RH, and later she's surprised
> when her job application is returned by the ZW embassy.

Jane lost the job because the HR director at the embassy also checked
the ISO 3166-1 Web page, which clearly says that indeterminately
reserved code elements like RH "must not be used in ISO 3166-1," and
decided that Jane doesn't follow directions well.

> The most serious problem with the actual draft is, that it
> forces us to choose between an erroneous concept of backwards
> compatibility and compatibility with future country codes for
> the known list of "invalid" country codes.  At least for the
> decade 1995 - 2005 we can get one unambiguous idea of "valid".

There is nothing "erroneous" about the concept of backward compatibility
being discussed here.  RFC 1766 and 3066 allowed language tags to
contain any code in the 1988 versions of ISO 639 and 3166.  Eliminating
the region subtags based on ISO 3166 codes that were withdrawn before
1988 removes 15 of the 24 "problem codes," notably the Antarctic codes
you have criticized most strongly.  Changing the date to 1995 would add
only five more codes (BU, DD, NT, SU, and YD) to the blacklist.  Is that
worth violating the agreement set down in RFC 1766?

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

>> There's nothing magic about 10 years.
>
> For our purposes the last 10 years would allow us to get rid
> of the A-list country codes (after 1988, before RfC 1766):
>
> BU, DD, FX, NT, SU, TP, YD, YU, ZR.

FX was withdrawn in 1997, TP in 2002, YU in 2003, ZR in 1997.

"Getting rid of" these codes -- or, for that matter, the other five you
mentioned, which WERE withdrawn before 1995 -- will not significantly
improve the registry, but they may render some valid RFC 1766/3066 codes
invalid.  Group members, can we please come to a decision on this?

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: XML registries now available
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At 23:49 27/03/2005, John Cowan wrote:
>McDonald, Ira scripsit:
>
> > Software that downloaded newer language tags wouldn't know
> > what to do with them anyway.
>
>This point deserves to be written up somewhere in letters of gold.
>It is why there is absolutely no comparison between the LTR and the DNS.

I do not understand this. Could you document that?

I assume you consider the situation where:
1. the application gets a langtag
2. consider what do to with it.
3. there are three possible solutions?
     - it knows the langtag from it being built-in.
     - it does not know it but it has a filtering/negociation strategy 
built-in or based upon non IANA parameters
     - all this fails and its filtering/negociation strategy resort to a 
IANA input before concluding?

I would say this is similar to anti-spam or to anti-virus strategies. 
Obviously codes change les frequently than spamming hosts and viruses, but 
the simple fact they change make the load similar (the load is not because 
there are a lot of changes, but because there is a check if nothing changed).

What do I suppose wrong according you?
Thanks.
jfc



>--
>John 
>Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan
>[R]eversing the apostolic precept to be all things to all men, I usually 
>[before
>Darwin] defended the tenability of the received doctrines, when I had to do
>with the [evolution]ists; and stood up for the possibility of [evolution] 
>among
>the orthodox -- thereby, no doubt, increasing an already current, but quite
>undeserved, reputation for needless combativeness.  --T. H. Huxley
>
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 28 06:46:20 2005
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To: ned.freed@mrochek.com, Doug Ewell <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Shelf life of data (was: Re: Question)
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This calls for a few comments to understand what we are discussing.

At 20:32 26/03/2005, ned.freed@mrochek.com wrote:
> > > Retro compatibility is offered for a long nowhere. Try to use your
> > > 1930 telephone set, I am not sure it will work.
>
>Bad example. I have in fact done exactly this, and 1930s era phones are fully
>funcitonal today on a POTS line. (Of course they won't work on a digital
>conection, but that's to be expected.) Rotary dial phones were introduced
>around 1920, and even the phones without dials popular before that will 
>let you
>listen and talk. (Ringing is another, more complex story.)
>
>This poster illustrates this aspect of telephone history rather nicely:
>
>   http://www.sandman.com/images/telstory.jpg

In a nutshell it does not work, but under constraints rebuilding/protecting 
the 1930 environment it still works. I hope you can listen and talk, any 
one having tapped a line knows that. You certainly know how to dial without 
a rotary too I presume. You just document that the system you have is 
obsolete, i.e. out of use, of old design.

> > > Try to publish an
> > > Internet 1990 terminology. Try to use the root servers file of 1995,
> > > it will may be still work partly. Try to use DOS on your PC, it works
> > > very well, but you are missing a lot of things.
>
> > People have been quoting RFC 822, which is 23 years old, on this list.
> > Even though it has been updated by RFC 2822, obviously many of the basic
> > philosophies and terminology still apply.
>
>Exactly right. And more to the point, lots of other RFCs published at or 
>around
>the same time are nothing but historical artefacts. And at various points 
>along
>the way if you'd taken a survey you would have found a lot of people believed
>RFC 822 would join them in short order, having been replaced by X.400.

Many of us would have liked it to become osolete :-) and we will keep spam 
as long as it is not :-))))
I prefer STD 013 as an example.

> > > Objection to a decade obsolecense cycle?
>
> > It's much too general to apply blindly.  Some standards and technologies
> > are obsolete within a year or two; others are good for decades.  ASCII
> > is 42 years old (or 38, depending on what you mean by "ASCII"), and yet
> > many people still consider it the lowest common denominator necessary to
> > ensure reliable communications.
>
>And furthermore, we aren't good at predicting what will survive and what will
>be lost. Planned obsolescence is therefore a bad idea for standards, since
>things often don't go according to plan.

In our case we do not predict. We consider two things:

- the cycles of code reasignment of the ISO standard we consider and their 
interference
- the user behaviors we want to foster.

I am afraid you confuse the obsolecence of the "things" and the decided 
duration of validity of the data. The obsolecense of the validity of an 
entry has nothing to do wit the standard, the process, the application. The 
shortest the obsolescnence the greater the accuracy. In DNS this cycle is 
named TTL and can be from 0 to anything. Usually is one day to one week. If 
you want to be accurate (Dynamic DNS you can put id down to the minute or 
less).

The difference between those two notions are very important to address the 
questions risen by the charter.
jfc


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On 00:14 28/03/2005, Frank Ellermann said:
>McDonald, Ira wrote:
>
> > No software should EVER download the registry from IANA in
> > a running device - this is a denial-of-service nightmare.
> > Software that downloaded newer language tags wouldn't know
> > what to do with them anyway.
>
>What I had in mind was the configuration of "accept-languages"
>with my browser:  It came with a huge list of choices, and it
>offered to add other values manually.  The relevant part for
>"small devices" is the "huge list" - not dowloaded from IANA
>for each device, built-in, but you'd need that ROM.  No idea
>how it's today, but a decade ago EPROM / EEPROM / etc. were
>quite expensive in relation to the complete costs.  Bye, Frank

Frank,
this reasoning is the same as for DNS. First they started with Hosts.txt 
[an IP address/name table] everyone had to maintain on their computer. Then 
the update went too heavy (actually this is not the updating, but the check 
if there is something to be updated). The DNS permitted only the necessary 
data to be inquired and updated. A good entry is cached until it is wrong.

This experience is good for us with some considerations:

1. PADs (private alias directories) will soon emerge as IPv6 and 
Multilingualism develop, IETF and ICANN do not want/are unable to address. 
A PAD can be a list of IP address and names in English in a Hosts.eng file 
and the same list with names in Breton in file Hosts.bre. To change your 
computer from an English Internet box to a Breton one you just copy 
Hosts.bre into Hosts.txt and can use Breton URLs all right.

2. The way ICANN and IETF consider the root is obviously a joke - the 
entire world real time relying religiously on a file IANA takes up to years 
to update from public data, to the point to two computers in the same room 
cannot dialog together if they lose connectivity to the root system for 
longer than a TTL - but in the langtags we can decide :

1) TTL (time to live) for the langtag to be kept in "cache" - in the 
langtags.txt file on your computer - is the current year + a random 0/365 
value. This means that when your entry is older than maximum 729 days you 
should update your langtags.txt file (the random figure to avoid everyone 
call the IANA or mirrors the same day).

2) the structure of expired code is entered in the langtags.txt file as 
code + current year plus description. When it is reassigned description 
change and a new code+year is entered. So if the obsolescence cycle of a 
code is 20 years, another is 10 years, another 50 years, you do not mind. I 
you know the date of the file the langtag comes from you perfectly know 
what it relates to.

In the case of small devices, like a multilingual translator, etc. you just 
copy the langtags.txt file on a flash memory as you suggest.

Obviously when I talk of langtags.txt this is a generic name you can 
decline in using ISO 639 code to have them in every language you want, 
langtags.eng, langtags.bre etc....

jfc


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
Date: Mon, 28 Mar 2005 06:57:26 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>, "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 28 10:52:22 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
Date: Mon, 28 Mar 2005 07:51:13 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
thread-index: AcUzY8vXWtcMCvnLRQWXju8uV0QlRAAQkD4gAADu6IA=
From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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I'd support including everything in ISO 3166:1988 to ensure not making
invalid anything that was valid in RFC 1766.

Peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Addison Phillips
> Sent: Monday, March 28, 2005 6:57 AM
> To: Doug Ewell; LTRU Working Group
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
>=20
> Codes eliminated and not reassigned after RFC 1766 came into effect
should
> be in the registry. Period.
>=20
> Codes prior to 1995 (or 1988 if you go with the reference's date) are
> really the question. I'd support going back to 1988 with codes, since
the
> reference in RFC 1766 and 3066 is unclear and I well remember the days
> before the Web (when getting code lists was an arcane art and not a
> science).
>=20
> Addison
>=20
> Addison P. Phillips
> Globalization Architect, Quest Software
> Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group
>=20
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
> On
> > Behalf Of Doug Ewell
> > Sent: dimanche 27 mars 2005 22:58
> > To: LTRU Working Group
> > Subject: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
> >
> > Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:
> >
> > >> There's nothing magic about 10 years.
> > >
> > > For our purposes the last 10 years would allow us to get rid
> > > of the A-list country codes (after 1988, before RfC 1766):
> > >
> > > BU, DD, FX, NT, SU, TP, YD, YU, ZR.
> >
> > FX was withdrawn in 1997, TP in 2002, YU in 2003, ZR in 1997.
> >
> > "Getting rid of" these codes -- or, for that matter, the other five
you
> > mentioned, which WERE withdrawn before 1995 -- will not
significantly
> > improve the registry, but they may render some valid RFC 1766/3066
codes
> > invalid.  Group members, can we please come to a decision on this?
> >
> > -Doug Ewell
> >  Fullerton, California
> >  http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 28 11:35:24 2005
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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
To: "'Addison Phillips'" <addison.phillips@quest.com>,
        Doug Ewell
	<dewell@adelphia.net>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
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Hi,

I agree with Addison below.  Let's go back to 1988, because it's
the most conservative approach to backwards compatibility.

We're wasting an awful lot of electronic ink on saving or losing
a very small number of existing (??) language tags.

Cheers,
- Ira

PS - Why do we care if someone ever tagged information with an
invalid language tag that used a ccTLD not in ISO 3166?  Misuse
of a standard is not a valid reason to revise the standard.

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
Behalf Of Addison Phillips
Sent: Monday, March 28, 2005 9:57 AM
To: Doug Ewell; LTRU Working Group
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data


Codes eliminated and not reassigned after RFC 1766 came into effect should
be in the registry. Period.

Codes prior to 1995 (or 1988 if you go with the reference's date) are really
the question. I'd support going back to 1988 with codes, since the reference
in RFC 1766 and 3066 is unclear and I well remember the days before the Web
(when getting code lists was an arcane art and not a science).

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Doug Ewell
> Sent: dimanche 27 mars 2005 22:58
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
> 
> Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:
> 
> >> There's nothing magic about 10 years.
> >
> > For our purposes the last 10 years would allow us to get rid
> > of the A-list country codes (after 1988, before RfC 1766):
> >
> > BU, DD, FX, NT, SU, TP, YD, YU, ZR.
> 
> FX was withdrawn in 1997, TP in 2002, YU in 2003, ZR in 1997.
> 
> "Getting rid of" these codes -- or, for that matter, the other five you
> mentioned, which WERE withdrawn before 1995 -- will not significantly
> improve the registry, but they may render some valid RFC 1766/3066 codes
> invalid.  Group members, can we please come to a decision on this?
> 
> -Doug Ewell
>  Fullerton, California
>  http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
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At 16:57 28/03/2005, Addison Phillips wrote:
>Codes eliminated and not reassigned after RFC 1766 came into effect should 
>be in the registry. Period.

Yes.

>Codes prior to 1995 (or 1988 if you go with the reference's date) are 
>really the question. I'd support going back to 1988 with codes, since the 
>reference in RFC 1766 and 3066 is unclear and I well remember the days 
>before the Web (when getting code lists was an arcane art and not a science).

Yes. Would you have a dated list we could use as a reference?
Or would someone have one no one can dispute?

We started using alpha-3 by mid-77 and formalized it in oct 1978 (Mike 
Rude); and alpha-2 in 1981. Earlier entries are probably not necessary, 
unless for archives, historics and experience/testing.
jfc








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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
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Hi Tex,

Doesn't the question of criteria for choosing tags for content
properly belong in the W3C Internationalization activity?

It's a darn good question, but the LTR just provides the nuts
and bolts, not the pre-punched sheet metal.

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
Behalf Of Tex Texin
Sent: Friday, March 25, 2005 6:09 PM
To: Mark Davis
Cc: Frank Ellermann; ltru@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Question

<...snip...>

The problem I see is not in architecting the scheme for tagging, but
determining what a language is, in a useful way for software developers,
so that they can understand which language tag to use, and not an
identification which only linguists recognize or criteria which are not
clearly expressed.

So yes, forget compatibility if I can have a scheme that works.
On the other hand, if we maintain compatibility and make the current
system more complex and no more usable, I don't need that either.

I would welcome a clear set of rules for choosing a tag for content, and
rules for finding content with known tags.

tex


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 28 11:51:32 2005
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From: "Jon Hanna" <jon@hackcraft.net>
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> Doesn't the question of criteria for choosing tags for content
> properly belong in the W3C Internationalization activity?

Not all Internet content is web content.

Regards,
Jon Hanna
Work: <http://www.selkieweb.com/>
Play: <http://www.hackcraft.net/>
Chat: <irc://irc.freenode.net/selkie> 


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
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I refer you to Doug's prototype registry, which has reconstructed all of =
the necessary codes already. We are merely fighting over the table =
scraps here.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: JFC (Jefsey) Morfin [mailto:jefsey@jefsey.com]
> Sent: lundi 28 mars 2005 08:11
> To: Addison Phillips; Doug Ewell; LTRU Working Group
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
>=20
> At 16:57 28/03/2005, Addison Phillips wrote:
> >Codes eliminated and not reassigned after RFC 1766 came into effect
> should
> >be in the registry. Period.
>=20
> Yes.
>=20
> >Codes prior to 1995 (or 1988 if you go with the reference's date) are
> >really the question. I'd support going back to 1988 with codes, since =
the
> >reference in RFC 1766 and 3066 is unclear and I well remember the =
days
> >before the Web (when getting code lists was an arcane art and not a
> science).
>=20
> Yes. Would you have a dated list we could use as a reference?
> Or would someone have one no one can dispute?
>=20
> We started using alpha-3 by mid-77 and formalized it in oct 1978 (Mike
> Rude); and alpha-2 in 1981. Earlier entries are probably not =
necessary,
> unless for archives, historics and experience/testing.
> jfc
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20



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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: XML registries now available
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin scripsit:

> I assume you consider the situation where:
> 1. the application gets a langtag
> 2. consider what do to with it.
> 3. there are three possible solutions?
>     - it knows the langtag from it being built-in.
>     - it does not know it but it has a filtering/negociation strategy 
> built-in or based upon non IANA parameters
>     - all this fails and its filtering/negociation strategy resort to a 
> IANA input before concluding?

In practice, the second and third strategies are a matter of using a
matching algorithm (which need not be standardized and can rely on local
knowledge as well) to reduce the unknown langtag to a known one.  With an
absolutely unknown langtag, nothing useful can be done except to display
the full name of the language, which is useful but not very useful.
Without translators, spelling checkers, and other such tools, one can
do little with such a document.

This is quite different from the DNS case, where given the mapping of
a computer's name to an IP address, one can indeed interact with that
computer in useful ways.  If I know how to reach newmachine.somedomain.fi,
I can try to discover what resources it provides.  If I receive a document
langtagged "sms", the most I could do with it is label it "Skolt Sami".

> I would say this is similar to anti-spam or to anti-virus strategies. 

Languages aren't constantly being created: on the contrary, they are
constantly going extinct.  The list of living languages will probably
shrink by 90% over the next century or two.

> Obviously codes change les frequently than spamming hosts and viruses, but 
> the simple fact they change make the load similar (the load is not because 
> there are a lot of changes, but because there is a check if nothing 
> changed).

In practice this table will probably be updated only when the operating system is.

-- 
John Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan
Big as a house, much bigger than a house, it looked to [Sam], a grey-clad
moving hill.  Fear and wonder, maybe, enlarged him in the hobbit's eyes,
but the Mumak of Harad was indeed a beast of vast bulk, and the like of him
does not walk now in Middle-earth; his kin that live still in latter days are
but memories of his girth and his majesty.  --"Of Herbs and Stewed Rabbit"

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Subject: RE: [Ltru] 3166-1 state machie (was: Question)
Date: Mon, 28 Mar 2005 09:35:28 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] 3166-1 state machie (was: Question)
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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The argument below does not follow. Although "no one" has a copy of =
3166:1988, there are many documents that purport to list the codes =
assigned therein. Few of these include the (non-matching) ccTLD codes.

And these days 3166 posts the current set of assignments on the Web, =
which is where most people look when choosing values for their content =
or implementations right now this minute. The problem, of course, is =
that "right now this minute" occurs at different discrete moments...

In the more distant past, though, the situation was roughly analogous to =
where ISO 4217 is today. That standard's official list is not publicly =
available for free and thus there are many suspect references that =
purport to "be" the list (and have errors).

3066bis corrects this for region codes: we are deciding the manner in =
which to correct this. We should be as inclusive as reasonable without =
causing ourselves extravagant future problems. For example, adding codes =
that were never valid in the past and which already have codes for the =
same value would be bad.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> Sent: dimanche 27 mars 2005 08:43
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] 3166-1 state machie (was: Question)
>=20
> Doug Ewell wrote:
>=20
> > "Why they are reserved" is not important.  Either a code is
> > currently assigned, or it was formerly assigned, or it is
> > private-use ("user-assigned").  Distinctions between the
> > different types of "reserved" are of interest only to the MA.
>=20
> I'm not sure, if "transitionally reserved" is essentially the
> same as "deprecated", this could be relevant, and if all these
> other "reservations" hide what we're interested in here, i.e.
> "deprecated" vs. "unassigned", it could be also relevant.
>=20
> And for Mark's "Joe Blow" or my "Jane Blog" anything on the
> 3166-1 web pages could be (ab)used.  Especially before 3066bis.
>=20
> If we don't have a copy of ISO 3166:1988, then Joe and Jane
> also have no copy, that's why they (ab)use ccTLDs or reserved
> codes.  Until the future 3066bis registry helps to catch such
> errors.
>         Bye, Frank
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


_______________________________________________
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From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
To: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>,
        "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
References: <F8ACB1B494D9734783AAB114D0CE68FE0576E6AA@RED-MSG-52.redmond.corp.microsoft.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
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And I agree as well, of course.

The only further question I'd have would require an actual copy of ISO
3166:1988 -- to make sure the exact set of codes that a reasonable person
would extract from it. (I don't necessarily trust the later analysis
provided on the web). The wording is very vague (repeating again):

   In the first subtag:    -    All 2-letter codes are interpreted as ISO
3166 alpha-2
         country codes denoting the area in which the language is
         used.In the references, he sees:

         ISO 3166:1988 (E/F) - Codes for the representation of names
         of countries - The International Organization for
         Standardization, 3rd edition, 1988-08-15.

So it depends on what the user would read as "3166 alpha-2 country codes"=
,
since 1766 does not distinguish between types of codes. If ISO 3166:1988
says "disallowed" or "unassigned", that is pretty clear. But I don't have
the exact spec here; anyone have an old copy?

=E2=80=8EMark

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, March 28, 2005 07:51
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data


I'd support including everything in ISO 3166:1988 to ensure not making
invalid anything that was valid in RFC 1766.

Peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Addison Phillips
> Sent: Monday, March 28, 2005 6:57 AM
> To: Doug Ewell; LTRU Working Group
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
>
> Codes eliminated and not reassigned after RFC 1766 came into effect
should
> be in the registry. Period.
>
> Codes prior to 1995 (or 1988 if you go with the reference's date) are
> really the question. I'd support going back to 1988 with codes, since
the
> reference in RFC 1766 and 3066 is unclear and I well remember the days
> before the Web (when getting code lists was an arcane art and not a
> science).
>
> Addison
>
> Addison P. Phillips
> Globalization Architect, Quest Software
> Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group
>
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org
[mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
> On
> > Behalf Of Doug Ewell
> > Sent: dimanche 27 mars 2005 22:58
> > To: LTRU Working Group
> > Subject: [Ltru] Re: Shelf life of data
> >
> > Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:
> >
> > >> There's nothing magic about 10 years.
> > >
> > > For our purposes the last 10 years would allow us to get rid
> > > of the A-list country codes (after 1988, before RfC 1766):
> > >
> > > BU, DD, FX, NT, SU, TP, YD, YU, ZR.
> >
> > FX was withdrawn in 1997, TP in 2002, YU in 2003, ZR in 1997.
> >
> > "Getting rid of" these codes -- or, for that matter, the other five
you
> > mentioned, which WERE withdrawn before 1995 -- will not
significantly
> > improve the registry, but they may render some valid RFC 1766/3066
codes
> > invalid.  Group members, can we please come to a decision on this?
> >
> > -Doug Ewell
> >  Fullerton, California
> >  http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


_______________________________________________
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Ltru@lists.ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 28 13:25:01 2005
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From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
To: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>,
        "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
References: <634978A7DF025A40BFEF33EB191E13BC0AC2A30B@irvmbxw01.quest.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] 3166-1 state machie (was: Question)
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You appear to be jumping to some conclusion(s). I'm not at all saying tha=
t
we want to add the ccTLD codes.

=E2=80=8EMark

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>; <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, March 28, 2005 09:35
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 3166-1 state machie (was: Question)


The argument below does not follow. Although "no one" has a copy of
3166:1988, there are many documents that purport to list the codes assign=
ed
therein. Few of these include the (non-matching) ccTLD codes.

And these days 3166 posts the current set of assignments on the Web, whic=
h
is where most people look when choosing values for their content or
implementations right now this minute. The problem, of course, is that
"right now this minute" occurs at different discrete moments...

In the more distant past, though, the situation was roughly analogous to
where ISO 4217 is today. That standard's official list is not publicly
available for free and thus there are many suspect references that purpor=
t
to "be" the list (and have errors).

3066bis corrects this for region codes: we are deciding the manner in whi=
ch
to correct this. We should be as inclusive as reasonable without causing
ourselves extravagant future problems. For example, adding codes that wer=
e
never valid in the past and which already have codes for the same value
would be bad.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> Sent: dimanche 27 mars 2005 08:43
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] 3166-1 state machie (was: Question)
>
> Doug Ewell wrote:
>
> > "Why they are reserved" is not important.  Either a code is
> > currently assigned, or it was formerly assigned, or it is
> > private-use ("user-assigned").  Distinctions between the
> > different types of "reserved" are of interest only to the MA.
>
> I'm not sure, if "transitionally reserved" is essentially the
> same as "deprecated", this could be relevant, and if all these
> other "reservations" hide what we're interested in here, i.e.
> "deprecated" vs. "unassigned", it could be also relevant.
>
> And for Mark's "Joe Blow" or my "Jane Blog" anything on the
> 3166-1 web pages could be (ab)used.  Especially before 3066bis.
>
> If we don't have a copy of ISO 3166:1988, then Joe and Jane
> also have no copy, that's why they (ab)use ccTLDs or reserved
> codes.  Until the future 3066bis registry helps to catch such
> errors.
>         Bye, Frank
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@lists.ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] 3166-1 state machie (was: Question)
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
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        "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 28 14:18:43 2005
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From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>
To: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>,
        "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
References: <634978A7DF025A40BFEF33EB191E13BC0AC2A3C5@irvmbxw01.quest.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] 3166-1 state machie (was: Question)
Date: Mon, 28 Mar 2005 11:16:31 -0800
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Sorry; got confused.

=E2=80=8EMark

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@jtcsv.com>; "Frank Ellermann"
<nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>; <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, March 28, 2005 11:03
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 3166-1 state machie (was: Question)


> No, unless you mean "Frank" by "you". I was addressing Frank's comments
that seemed (possibly only to me) to suggest that ccTLD codes would be
candidates for the registry because they might have been erroneously used=
 in
legacy data. Valid 3166 codes from some non-arbitrary date: yes. Other
two-letter codes for regions: no.
>
> Addison
>
> Addison P. Phillips
> Globalization Architect, Quest Software
> Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group
>
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Mark Davis [mailto:mark.davis@jtcsv.com]
> > Sent: lundi 28 mars 2005 10:24
> > To: Addison Phillips; Frank Ellermann; ltru@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Ltru] 3166-1 state machie (was: Question)
> >
> > You appear to be jumping to some conclusion(s). I'm not at all saying
that
> > we want to add the ccTLD codes.
> >
> > =E2=80=8EMark
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
> > To: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>; <ltru@ietf.org>
> > Sent: Monday, March 28, 2005 09:35
> > Subject: RE: [Ltru] 3166-1 state machie (was: Question)
> >
> >
> > The argument below does not follow. Although "no one" has a copy of
> > 3166:1988, there are many documents that purport to list the codes
> > assigned
> > therein. Few of these include the (non-matching) ccTLD codes.
> >
> > And these days 3166 posts the current set of assignments on the Web,
which
> > is where most people look when choosing values for their content or
> > implementations right now this minute. The problem, of course, is tha=
t
> > "right now this minute" occurs at different discrete moments...
> >
> > In the more distant past, though, the situation was roughly analogous=
 to
> > where ISO 4217 is today. That standard's official list is not publicl=
y
> > available for free and thus there are many suspect references that
purport
> > to "be" the list (and have errors).
> >
> > 3066bis corrects this for region codes: we are deciding the manner in
> > which
> > to correct this. We should be as inclusive as reasonable without caus=
ing
> > ourselves extravagant future problems. For example, adding codes that
were
> > never valid in the past and which already have codes for the same val=
ue
> > would be bad.
> >
> > Addison
> >
> > Addison P. Phillips
> > Globalization Architect, Quest Software
> > Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group
> >
> > Internationalization is not a feature.
> > It is an architecture.
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.o=
rg]
> > On
> > > Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> > > Sent: dimanche 27 mars 2005 08:43
> > > To: ltru@ietf.org
> > > Subject: [Ltru] 3166-1 state machie (was: Question)
> > >
> > > Doug Ewell wrote:
> > >
> > > > "Why they are reserved" is not important.  Either a code is
> > > > currently assigned, or it was formerly assigned, or it is
> > > > private-use ("user-assigned").  Distinctions between the
> > > > different types of "reserved" are of interest only to the MA.
> > >
> > > I'm not sure, if "transitionally reserved" is essentially the
> > > same as "deprecated", this could be relevant, and if all these
> > > other "reservations" hide what we're interested in here, i.e.
> > > "deprecated" vs. "unassigned", it could be also relevant.
> > >
> > > And for Mark's "Joe Blow" or my "Jane Blog" anything on the
> > > 3166-1 web pages could be (ab)used.  Especially before 3066bis.
> > >
> > > If we don't have a copy of ISO 3166:1988, then Joe and Jane
> > > also have no copy, that's why they (ab)use ccTLDs or reserved
> > > codes.  Until the future 3066bis registry helps to catch such
> > > errors.
> > >         Bye, Frank
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Ltru mailing list
> > > Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>
>


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From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: Mark Davis [mailto:mark.davis@jtcsv.com]

> The only further question I'd have would require an actual copy of ISO
> 3166:1988 -- to make sure the exact set of codes that a reasonable
person
> would extract from it. (I don't necessarily trust the later analysis
> provided on the web).

I've purchased a copy of ISO 3166-3:1999. The following are items that
were valid in 1988 but were discontinued between 1988 and 1999:


Country                      Alpha-2  Alpha-3  Numeric  Valid from
Valid to
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
Burma                        BU       BUR      104      1974        1989
German Democratic Republic   DD       DDR      278      1974        1990
Yemen, Democratic            YD       YMD      720      1974        1990
Byelorussian SSR             BY       BYS      112      1974        1992
USSR                         SU       SUN      810      1974        1992
Czechoslovakia               CS       CSK      200      1974        1993
Neutral Zone                 NT       NTZ      536      1974        1993
Zaire                        ZR       ZAR      180      1974        1997



Peter Constable

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 28 15:44:27 2005
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Hi Jon,

Agreed - but the IETF doesn't have a working group with the
expertise that the W3C Internationalization and GEO activities
do.  I was merely pointing out that the tough questions of using
language tags in W3C specs based on XML belongs to the W3C.

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
Behalf Of Jon Hanna
Sent: Monday, March 28, 2005 11:51 AM
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Question


> Doesn't the question of criteria for choosing tags for content
> properly belong in the W3C Internationalization activity?

Not all Internet content is web content.

Regards,
Jon Hanna
Work: <http://www.selkieweb.com/>
Play: <http://www.hackcraft.net/>
Chat: <irc://irc.freenode.net/selkie> 


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 28 16:09:08 2005
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John Cowan wrote:

> In practice this table will probably be updated only when=20
> the operating system is.

In the case of browsers, with each release, right?

Misha





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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 28 16:14:17 2005
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Putting on my W3C chair chat....

The W3C Internationalization Core Working Group has the responsibility =
(in its charter) for developing guidelines for W3C specifications =
regarding the adoption of language tag technology (as a result of this =
working group's activities)--and not just for XML based technologies, of =
course, but other W3C technologies that are affected, such as Semantic =
Web, Web services, and so forth. This should not be confused with =
telling people which tags to use in their content, of course. It is a =
guideline on how to reference tags and implement such things as =
matching.?

The I18N GEO working group, chaired by my esteemed colleague Richard =
Ishida, develops guidelines for content authors on the selection of =
language tags, but these are not normative documents.

It should be noted that the I18N Core WG is also chartered to work on =
the separate issue of locale identification (mostly for Web services) in =
tandem with recommendations on language tags, since at least some =
members of the working group feel that these are likely to be related.

So I guess the upshot would be: the W3C working group is tracking this =
work, but isn't responsible for any aspect of it, since it is interested =
in the outcome and any potential impact that arises from changes to =
language tags to W3C technologies. Guidelines may be developed for =
content authors at a later date, although these are likely to be based =
on or strongly influenced by the content of the RFC(s).

Best Regards,

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of McDonald, Ira
> Sent: lundi 28 mars 2005 12:44
> To: 'Jon Hanna'; ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Question
>=20
> Hi Jon,
>=20
> Agreed - but the IETF doesn't have a working group with the
> expertise that the W3C Internationalization and GEO activities
> do.  I was merely pointing out that the tough questions of using
> language tags in W3C specs based on XML belongs to the W3C.
>=20
> Cheers,
> - Ira
>=20
> Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
> Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
> PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
> phone: +1-906-494-2434
> email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org =
[mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
> Behalf Of Jon Hanna
> Sent: Monday, March 28, 2005 11:51 AM
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Question
>=20
>=20
> > Doesn't the question of criteria for choosing tags for content
> > properly belong in the W3C Internationalization activity?
>=20
> Not all Internet content is web content.
>=20
> Regards,
> Jon Hanna
> Work: <http://www.selkieweb.com/>
> Play: <http://www.hackcraft.net/>
> Chat: <irc://irc.freenode.net/selkie>
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Hi,

And in the case of other applications (databases that access
XML records, etc.), with each release right?

But not by some user action or auto-fetch when the application
is running in the field.

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
Behalf Of Misha Wolf
Sent: Monday, March 28, 2005 1:21 PM
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Frequency of table update (was: Re: XML registries
now available)


John Cowan wrote:

> In practice this table will probably be updated only when 
> the operating system is.

In the case of browsers, with each release, right?

Misha





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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 28 16:27:55 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Frequency of table update (was: Re: XML registries
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>,
        "Misha Wolf" <Misha.Wolf@reuters.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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Yes, exactly so.

The only the side point I'd make is: 3066bis is written in a way that =
makes a new tag's contents identifiable even if a particular subtag is =
not. Even if you don't know what the script 'xyzz' is, you can identify =
that it is a script subtag and do something less stupid with it.=20

There are many language tag matching or lookup applications that don't =
rely on knowing the "meaning" of a subtag, only how to compare values.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of McDonald, Ira
> Sent: lundi 28 mars 2005 13:18
> To: 'Misha Wolf'; ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Frequency of table update (was: Re: XML registries
> nowavailable)
>=20
> Hi,
>=20
> And in the case of other applications (databases that access
> XML records, etc.), with each release right?
>=20
> But not by some user action or auto-fetch when the application
> is running in the field.
>=20
> Cheers,
> - Ira
>=20
> Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
> Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
> PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
> phone: +1-906-494-2434
> email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org =
[mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
> Behalf Of Misha Wolf
> Sent: Monday, March 28, 2005 1:21 PM
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Frequency of table update (was: Re: XML registries
> now available)
>=20
>=20
> John Cowan wrote:
>=20
> > In practice this table will probably be updated only when
> > the operating system is.
>=20
> In the case of browsers, with each release, right?
>=20
> Misha
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Mar 28 16:29:01 2005
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Hi,

Thanks for that clarification Addison.

But the GEO guidelines (like the WAI guidelines) are essentially
equivalent (in a standards-process sense) to IETF Best Practices.
The GEO guidelines are the only work on "how to tag content 
appropriately" that seem likely to have an impact.

Cheers,
- Ira (former collaborator of Richard Ishida at Xerox for years)

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
Behalf Of Addison Phillips
Sent: Monday, March 28, 2005 4:13 PM
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Question


Putting on my W3C chair chat....

The W3C Internationalization Core Working Group has the responsibility (in
its charter) for developing guidelines for W3C specifications regarding the
adoption of language tag technology (as a result of this working group's
activities)--and not just for XML based technologies, of course, but other
W3C technologies that are affected, such as Semantic Web, Web services, and
so forth. This should not be confused with telling people which tags to use
in their content, of course. It is a guideline on how to reference tags and
implement such things as matching.?

The I18N GEO working group, chaired by my esteemed colleague Richard Ishida,
develops guidelines for content authors on the selection of language tags,
but these are not normative documents.

It should be noted that the I18N Core WG is also chartered to work on the
separate issue of locale identification (mostly for Web services) in tandem
with recommendations on language tags, since at least some members of the
working group feel that these are likely to be related.

So I guess the upshot would be: the W3C working group is tracking this work,
but isn't responsible for any aspect of it, since it is interested in the
outcome and any potential impact that arises from changes to language tags
to W3C technologies. Guidelines may be developed for content authors at a
later date, although these are likely to be based on or strongly influenced
by the content of the RFC(s).

Best Regards,

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of McDonald, Ira
> Sent: lundi 28 mars 2005 12:44
> To: 'Jon Hanna'; ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Question
> 
> Hi Jon,
> 
> Agreed - but the IETF doesn't have a working group with the
> expertise that the W3C Internationalization and GEO activities
> do.  I was merely pointing out that the tough questions of using
> language tags in W3C specs based on XML belongs to the W3C.
> 
> Cheers,
> - Ira
> 
> Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
> Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
> PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
> phone: +1-906-494-2434
> email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]On
> Behalf Of Jon Hanna
> Sent: Monday, March 28, 2005 11:51 AM
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Question
> 
> 
> > Doesn't the question of criteria for choosing tags for content
> > properly belong in the W3C Internationalization activity?
> 
> Not all Internet content is web content.
> 
> Regards,
> Jon Hanna
> Work: <http://www.selkieweb.com/>
> Play: <http://www.hackcraft.net/>
> Chat: <irc://irc.freenode.net/selkie>
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
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At 19:29 28/03/2005, John Cowan wrote:
>JFC (Jefsey) Morfin scripsit:
>
> > I assume you consider the situation where:
> > 1. the application gets a langtag
> > 2. consider what do to with it.
> > 3. there are three possible solutions?
> >     - it knows the langtag from it being built-in.
> >     - it does not know it but it has a filtering/negociation strategy
> > built-in or based upon non IANA parameters
> >     - all this fails and its filtering/negociation strategy resort to a
> > IANA input before concluding?
>
>In practice, the second and third strategies are a matter of using a
>matching algorithm (which need not be standardized and can rely on local
>knowledge as well) to reduce the unknown langtag to a known one.  With an
>absolutely unknown langtag, nothing useful can be done except to display
>the full name of the language, which is useful but not very useful.
>Without translators, spelling checkers, and other such tools, one can
>do little with such a document.

Yeap. But the first and second strategy has no big load on the IANA.
The first point is to know if the langtag is registered. Then to know its 
environment. With the maximum of speed and the lowest load for the database 
system. The rest is a matter of other services as you say.

>This is quite different from the DNS case, where given the mapping of
>a computer's name to an IP address, one can indeed interact with that
>computer in useful ways.  If I know how to reach newmachine.somedomain.fi,
>I can try to discover what resources it provides.  If I receive a document
>langtagged "sms", the most I could do with it is label it "Skolt Sami".

I do not quote the DNS as a way to reach an IP (what can also be the use 
for). The IP address given by the DNS is just an information as another. 
The DNS is first a distributed database system, which can easily supports a 
billion of information at low load and low cost. With a distributed 
management system.

> > I would say this is similar to anti-spam or to anti-virus strategies.
>
>Languages aren't constantly being created:

In term of load, the problem is the same. What motivates a query is the 
change. Whatever it is. Actually this is not totally true: the number of 
_documented_languages_ is going to increase.

>on the contrary, they are
>constantly going extinct.  The list of living languages will probably
>shrink by 90% over the next century or two.

Who knows? The change over the last 50 years when a cultural development 
policy is engaged is not necessarily that way. The debate I follow right 
now is for example to know if a regional language (Occitan) is to be 
registered as one (as today in the 639-3 draft) or as six languages.

I see young kids in my family having more Breton than French. 20 years ago 
it was unthinkable. IMHO, Multilingual Internet MAY (I mean nothing more) 
lead to a change in the current trend. We start having statistics (it will 
still take time to have significant results in number of people and in 
number of languages and cultures). They seem to show that bilingual people 
have a slightly higher IQ and that "apparent IQ" (when you test the same 
person's IQ in different languages) is lower in English (common language) 
than in their mother tongue.

> > Obviously codes change les frequently than spamming hosts and viruses, but
> > the simple fact they change make the load similar (the load is not because
> > there are a lot of changes, but because there is a check if nothing
> > changed).
>
>In practice this table will probably be updated only when the operating 
>system is.

Probably yes, and this is in line with/below the figures I gave. Question 
is from where: from the OS CD or from IANA?
jfc


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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

>> Codes prior to 1995 (or 1988 if you go with the reference's date) are
>> really the question. I'd support going back to 1988 with codes, since
>> the reference in RFC 1766 and 3066 is unclear and I well remember the
>> days before the Web (when getting code lists was an arcane art and
>> not a science).
>
> Yes. Would you have a dated list we could use as a reference?
> Or would someone have one no one can dispute?

That's why it's important to have a publicly available registry that
everyone can turn to, instead of leaving it to each user or app to
figure out which codes are valid.

Now that Peter Constable has a copy of ISO 3166-3, it is possible to
verify the information I've gotten from Clive Feather's page (I really
need to touch base with Clive, BTW).  So far, everything appears good.

> We started using alpha-3 by mid-77 and formalized it in oct 1978
> (Mike Rude); and alpha-2 in 1981. Earlier entries are probably not
> necessary, unless for archives, historics and experience/testing.

I'm not sure who "we" is in this case, but ISO 3166 has always had
alpha-2 codes since its debut in 1974, and language tags under RFC 1766
and 3066 have always used them, never the alpha-3 country codes.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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McDonald, Ira <imcdonald at sharplabs dot com> wrote:

>>> In practice this table will probably be updated only when
>>> the operating system is.
>>
>> In the case of browsers, with each release, right?
>
> And in the case of other applications (databases that access
> XML records, etc.), with each release right?
>
> But not by some user action or auto-fetch when the application
> is running in the field.

I could imagine an application offering a user action to update the
registry from the official site.  But it would certainly be a hard-hat
power-user option, and should never be required.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: "Jon Hanna" <jon@hackcraft.net>
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Frequency of table update
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> I could imagine an application offering a user action to update the
> registry from the official site.  But it would certainly be a hard-hat
> power-user option, and should never be required.

I could definitely see some sem-web applications doing such with an =
RDF/XML version of the registry.

Regards,
Jon Hanna
Work: <http://www.selkieweb.com/>
Play: <http://www.hackcraft.net/>
Chat: <irc://irc.freenode.net/selkie>=20


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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

> Could the authors (or anyone have a good command of their intent)
> document the exact _use_ of the IANA files as they see it.
>
> - an application reads a langtag.
> - what does it do?

Well, clearly that depends on the application.  A server might simply
attach a tag to content and be done with it (though hopefully it would
check that the tag was well-formed).  A browser or other user agent
might perform matching, but still not care what the tags being matched
actually "mean."  An application that performs some kind of text
processing, such as spell-checking or speech synthesis, would have to
know something about the meaning of the tags.  Some other application
might display the name of the language but not know anything else about
it.

> - when is it going to need a IANA originated data?

You mean, when is it going to need the list of valid subtags and
grandfathered whole-tags?

Always, if its functionality depends on the meaning of the tag.  The
only exceptions would be private-use tags and subtags, and extension
subtags (in which case it needs the RFC(s) that define those).

Never, if it only performs matching and doesn't care what the subtags
mean or whether they are even assigned.

Take a look at Section 2.2.10, "Classes of Conformance," which describes
the difference between a processor that checks for "well-formedness" and
one that also checks for "validity."  The "well-formed processor" only
needs (a) knowledge of the generative syntax and (b) a list of
grandfathered tags, both of which are carved in stone.  Such an app
would never need a complete registry at all.

> - will it be usually in the application code? will be it be updated
> in a parameter file? will it call the IANA? Should it call a cache/
> mirror? Then who should manage them?
> - which applications will do that?
> - how many times a day/month/year will this happen for a single user?
> or ISP? or designer?

All of that is up to the application.  We'd be a sorry bunch if we
attempted to dictate that to implementers.

I have a program that generates RFC 3066bis language tags from drop-down
lists, and can validate any tag, using all the information available in
the registry, in full compliance with Section 2.2.10.  Obviously, that
application cannot do its job correctly if its copy of the registry is
even slightly out of date.  Equally obviously, those constraints do not
apply to every application.

> For example, I understand that the non documented CLDR application

It's not documented as an application because it's a Data Repository.

> mostly needs the langtag as a reference and will maintain its own
> files to be themselves used by OS programmers. So the load should be
> very low, unless someone develops an updating tool direct from the
> IANA and people use it at each reboot.

That's their problem.  The draft explicitly discourages implementers
from relying on the registry being constantly available online, because
of the denial-of-service scenario.

> Without that information the whole Draft does not make any sense,
> because it is to document a IANA service and there are different
> strategies to address the need, depending on the load it represents.

By far, the most unused aspect of RFC 1766 and 3066 has been the
registered tags.  Few applications recognize even the oldest and
best-known registered tags, like "i-mingo" and "zh-guoyu", let alone the
newer ones like "bs-Latn" and "sl-rozaj".

Even though RFC 3066bis applications will rely on the registry rather
than ISO code lists, history does not suggest that application
developers and vendors will go to great lengths to keep local copies of
the registry updated.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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At 05:22 29/03/2005, Doug Ewell wrote:
> > We started using alpha-3 by mid-77 and formalized it in oct 1978
> > (Mike Rude); and alpha-2 in 1981. Earlier entries are probably not
> > necessary, unless for archives, historics and experience/testing.
>
>I'm not sure who "we" is in this case, but ISO 3166 has always had
>alpha-2 codes since its debut in 1974, and language tags under RFC 1766
>and 3066 have always used them, never the alpha-3 country codes.

"We" is the world at large. Started in Feb. 1971 as a private service and 
became FCC licensed, ITU sponsored common understanding/agreements by 
monopolies in 77. History is interesting when it can teach for the future. 
I think this is what is happening with Multilingual Internet, of which 
langtags are the very first step.

1. It started using alpha-3 codes for public monopolies, plus US 
International Record Carriers logos (ITT, WUI, etc.). 2 letters codes were 
accepted for refilers (telex operators refilling traffic into the packet 
switch network as did the Internet communities further on). They were just 
cut and pasted for ARPANET ccTLD (RFC 920).

2. IRT languages. First tests of language support were with French, German, 
etc. languages in 76/78 then more seriously with 82/83 with EEC and ESA and 
non Latin with Kokusai Tymshare and KDD. C&W had some effort made in 84/85 
with Chinese test services in HK. Tests with French and German Videotex 
were without problem in 84/86.  Israeli had something in Hebrew at their 
Chief Scientist office in 1985. Arabic was also tested at that time by 
Egyptian PTT. OTE in Athens shown me a rudimentary service, probably in 
1985. EBCDIC code was supported from the very beginning but not permitted 
for a long and abandoned when OSI started being supported.

3. For consistency with these past archives we should include all the past 
codes in the first base, so this is settled once for all. On-Line public 
documents started with NLM Bethesda. Then there were quick development by 
Dialog, Lockheed and a few other large US information services and the 
Diane members in Europe. They were mostly in American, English and French 
(France and Canada).

It is fun, when you stabilize something to be able to support everything 
down to its very roots. But also, it provides more occasions to test the 
way the adopted solution stands table changes.

BTW IRT ISO 3166-3 we will have a copyright problem that has to be 
addressed in the Draft.
jfc


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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

> 3. For consistency with these past archives we should include all the
> past codes in the first base, so this is settled once for all.

We're not trying to maintain compatibility with every country coding
system ever invented, just the one used for language tags.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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At 18:31 29/03/2005, Doug Ewell wrote:
>JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:
> > 3. For consistency with these past archives we should include all the
> > past codes in the first base, so this is settled once for all.
>
>We're not trying to maintain compatibility with every country coding
>system ever invented, just the one used for language tags.

The ultimate target is to facilitare the exchange goods and services 
through the elimination of technical barriers to trade and to foster the 
human cultural development through a through multingual internet, something 
the IETF has never been good at - due to the Internet default parameters 
logic I documented. And IAB demonstrated by the choice of its priorities in 
TFC 3869. This is the reason why we need the support from other experiences 
and motivation by new demands from NGN and WSIS. If ISO is not enough, any 
other adequate subtag source is to be supported.
jfc




--=====================_179639788==.ALT
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"

<html>
<body>
<div align="right">At 18:31 29/03/2005, Doug Ewell wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite=""></div>
JFC (Jefsey) Morfin &lt;jefsey at jefsey dot com&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; 3. For consistency with these past archives we should include all
the<br>
&gt; past codes in the first base, so this is settled once for
all.<br><br>
We're not trying to maintain compatibility with every country 
coding<br>
system ever invented, just the one used for language
tags.</blockquote><br>
The ultimate target is to facilitare the exchange goods and services
through the elimination of technical barriers to trade and to foster the
human cultural development through a through multingual internet,
something the IETF has never been good at - due to the Internet default
parameters logic I documented. And IAB demonstrated by the choice of its
priorities in TFC 3869. This is the reason why we need the support from
other experiences and motivation by new demands from NGN and WSIS. If ISO
is not enough, any other adequate subtag source is to be supported. 
<br>
jfc<br><br>
<br><br>
</body>
</html>

--=====================_179639788==.ALT--



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Mar 29 20:12:15 2005
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Doug Ewell wrote:

> let alone the newer ones like "bs-Latn" and "sl-rozaj".

The IANA/assignments/lang-tags/ Web page doesn't list bs-Latn.
The most recent IANA tag is still en-GB-oed (2003-07-09).

BTW, should we deprecate en-GB-oed and zh-min-nan ?  And / or
list the few grandfathered exceptions from the new general
pattern directly in the ABNF ?  

                        Bye, Frank



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Mar 29 20:20:49 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
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bs-Latn was registered, or should have been. I suppose one could dig out =
the approval note and bug Michael about it.

> BTW, should we deprecate en-GB-oed and zh-min-nan ?=20

Maybe, although it isn't necessary. After the draft is completed a new =
variant can be registered and the canonical mapping field updated to =
deal with these few cases. This could be done in the prototype registry =
for completeness sake, I suppose.

> And / or
> list the few grandfathered exceptions from the new general
> pattern directly in the ABNF ?

I think listing the grandfathered tags in the ABNF just makes very hard =
to read ABNF. Besides, the list can change up to the point where the =
draft takes effect. The text of the draft does a good enough job of =
enumerating these beasts, IMHO.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> Sent: mardi 29 mars 2005 17:10
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
>=20
> Doug Ewell wrote:
>=20
> > let alone the newer ones like "bs-Latn" and "sl-rozaj".
>=20
> The IANA/assignments/lang-tags/ Web page doesn't list bs-Latn.
> The most recent IANA tag is still en-GB-oed (2003-07-09).
>=20
> BTW, should we deprecate en-GB-oed and zh-min-nan ?  And / or
> list the few grandfathered exceptions from the new general
> pattern directly in the ABNF ?
>=20
>                         Bye, Frank
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: [Ltru] DD, YD,  and YU (was: Question)
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Doug Ewell wrote:
 
> RFC 1766 and 3066 allowed language tags to contain any code
> in the 1988 versions of ISO 639 and 3166.

Apparently.  Or maybe Harald forgot to update his references
in RfC 3066.  Or he's the lucky owner of a 1988 edition, and
didn't want to pay for a newer edition of ISO 3166.

> Changing the date to 1995 would add only five more codes
> (BU, DD, NT, SU, and YD) to the blacklist.  Is that worth
> violating the agreement set down in RFC 1766?

I'm not sure.  BU, NT, and SU are still visible on the 3166-1
page.  DD and YD are officially unassigned.  In other words
they could be assigned to a new region tomorrow when necessary.

Let's work on some decent "union" / "split" rules for a while,
that's more important than the two 1988 DD and YD incarnations
of "old" draft -00 oddities.

A simple fix could be a new rule, that whenever an existing
(3166-1 CC = UN number) relation for a registered CC is changed
by the introduction of a new UN number for the CC, then the old
UN number is added to the registry.  

That also proves that the stability in draft -00 is partially
an illusion.  But at least it doesn't lose complete regions
like the old DE, YE, or YU.
                           Bye, Frank



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Mar 29 21:48:22 2005
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

>> We're not trying to maintain compatibility with every country coding
>> system ever invented, just the one used for language tags.
>
> The ultimate target is to facilitare the exchange goods and services
> through the elimination of technical barriers to trade and to foster
> the human cultural development through a through multingual internet,
> something the IETF has never been good at - due to the Internet
> default parameters logic I documented. And IAB demonstrated by the
> choice of its priorities in TFC 3869. This is the reason why we need
> the support from other experiences and motivation by new demands from
> NGN and WSIS. If ISO is not enough, any other adequate subtag source
> is to be supported.

You're reading a different charter from the one I'm reading, that's for
sure.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Addison Phillips wrote:

> I was addressing Frank's comments that seemed (possibly only
> to me) to suggest that ccTLD codes would be candidates for
> the registry because they might have been erroneously used
> in legacy data.

No, you and Doug convinced me that ccTLDs are a bad idea, let
ISO 3166 do "the right thing" for AC, GG, IM, and JE.  "Jane
Blog" was only a counter-example to "Joe Blow", and her RH is
no ccTLD, like Joe's BU.  They didn't check whois.iana.org ;-)

                          Bye, Frank



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Doug Ewell wrote:

> is there really any evidence that people are using non-ISO
> 3166 ccTLDs in language tags?

For some time I thought that en-UK is correct... :-(  Maybe I
confuse it with a locale.  Google claims to have 300,000 hits
for "en-uk" (quoted), most of them probably irrelevant.  Bye.



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Doug Ewell wrote:

> is there really any evidence that people are using non-ISO
> 3166 ccTLDs in language tags?

For some time I thought that en-UK is correct... :-(  Maybe I
confuse it with a locale.  Google claims to have 300,000 hits
for "en-uk" (quoted), most of them probably irrelevant.  Bye.



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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:

> BTW IRT ISO 3166-3 we will have a copyright problem that has to be
> addressed in the Draft.

Or, more precisely, there is a *potential* copyright issue that needs to
be handled properly so it doesn't *become* a problem.

For all the other standards, the code list is freely available over the
Internet but the standard itself must be purchased.  ISO 3166-3 is the
only one where even the code list is not free.

-Doug Ewell
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Registry in record-jar format
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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

> The IANA/assignments/lang-tags/ Web page doesn't list bs-Latn.
> The most recent IANA tag is still en-GB-oed (2003-07-09).

That's the problem.  Nine tags *have* been registered since then, but
they're still not listed on the IANA page.

> BTW, should we deprecate en-GB-oed and zh-min-nan ?

Why would we want to do that?

If you're thinking about registering new subtags to replace these,
remember:  Grandfathered tags are forever.  They don't drop off the
registry just because they've been deprecated.  All that does is create
a duplicate tag with the same meaning, which is not a desirable thing in
and of itself.

> And / or list the few grandfathered exceptions from the new general
> pattern directly in the ABNF ?

No, for exactly the reasons Addison mentioned.

-Doug Ewell
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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: DD, YD, and YU (was: Question)
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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

>> RFC 1766 and 3066 allowed language tags to contain any code
>> in the 1988 versions of ISO 639 and 3166.
>
> Apparently.  Or maybe Harald forgot to update his references
> in RfC 3066.  Or he's the lucky owner of a 1988 edition, and
> didn't want to pay for a newer edition of ISO 3166.

Doesn't matter.  Compatibility requires that we allow all codes that
were valid in either RFC 1766 *or* 3066.

>> Changing the date to 1995 would add only five more codes
>> (BU, DD, NT, SU, and YD) to the blacklist.  Is that worth
>> violating the agreement set down in RFC 1766?
>
> I'm not sure.  BU, NT, and SU are still visible on the 3166-1
> page.  DD and YD are officially unassigned.  In other words
> they could be assigned to a new region tomorrow when necessary.

So could the others.  Look, we've already agreed (I think) that the
codes withdrawn before 1988 can be removed without sacrificing
compatibility.  That's 15 of the 24 withdrawn codes, or 62%.  I think we
should move on.

> Let's work on some decent "union" / "split" rules for a while,
> that's more important than the two 1988 DD and YD incarnations
> of "old" draft -00 oddities.
>
> A simple fix could be a new rule, that whenever an existing
> (3166-1 CC = UN number) relation for a registered CC is changed
> by the introduction of a new UN number for the CC, then the old
> UN number is added to the registry.
>
> That also proves that the stability in draft -00 is partially
> an illusion.  But at least it doesn't lose complete regions
> like the old DE, YE, or YU.

Personally, I think this is overkill.  I don't think any more
fine-tuning of the repertoire of region subtags is necessary or
justified.

I've said this before, but there is an established history of using ISO
3166-1 alpha-2 codes to represent the country or quasi-country in which
a language (variant) is used.  They're not perfect.  They have flaws.
UN M.49 numeric codes are probably better suited in some ways.  But
almost nobody knows about them; they have no mnemonic value.

The main value of allowing 'DD' as well as 'DE' is that tags in 'DD'
were allowed under RFC 1766.  Yes, I know that means we have a code for
present-day Germany and a code for the former East Germany, but no code
for the former West Germany.  I don't see that as a significant gap in
tagging flexibility.  What does everyone else think?

-Doug Ewell
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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

>> is there really any evidence that people are using non-ISO
>> 3166 ccTLDs in language tags?
>
> For some time I thought that en-UK is correct... :-(  Maybe I
> confuse it with a locale.  Google claims to have 300,000 hits
> for "en-uk" (quoted), most of them probably irrelevant.

That's not evidence of ccTLDs in language tags, that's just an error.
:-)

-Doug Ewell
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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: [Ltru] Proposed changes to region subtags
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I propose the following changes to the region subtags.  I'd like to see
if we can reach a rough consensus on these items by next Wednesday,
April 6, at which point I will float a new version of the registry, as
well as complete step-by-step instructions for populating all parts of
the registry.

1.  Remove all region subtags that were withdrawn from ISO 3166 before
1988.

The list comprises BQ, CT, DY, FQ, HV, JT, MI, NH, NQ, PC, PU, PZ, RH,
VD, and WK.

2.  For the remaining region subtags that were withdrawn from ISO 3166
after 1988, change the description as necessary to match the name
originally associated with the ISO code (not the new name).

BU: change "Myanmar" to "Burma"
DD: change "East Germany" to "German Democratic Republic"
TP: change "Timor-Leste" to "East Timor"
YD: change "People's Democratic Republic of Yemen" to "Yemen,
Democratic"
YU: change "Serbia and Montenegro" to "Yugoslavia"
ZR: change "Congo, The Democratic Republic of the" to "Zaire"

Note that subtags corresponding to current ISO codes are not affected.
For example, MM is still "Myanmar" and TL is still "Timor-Leste."

3.  For this same set of region subtags, change the canonical value as
necessary to match ISO 3166:1998, regardless of whether the physical
entity is the same.

DD: change '--' to 'DE'
FX: change '--' to 'FR'
YD: change '--' to 'YE'

4.  For this same set, change the format of the comments as follows
(where X is the old country name and Y is the new name):

"Y... changed yyyy-mm-dd, formerly X"
  -->  "X... withdrawn yyyy-mm-dd, replaced by Y"

"deprecated yyyy-mm-dd"
  -->  "withdrawn yyyy-mm-dd"

5.  Remove region subtag 172 (Commonwealth of Independent States) on the
basis that it is classified among the economic codes (otherwise not
allowed), and 200 (Czechoslovakia) on the basis that including it is
inconsistent with other principles for populating the registry.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Doug Ewell wrote:

>> should we deprecate en-GB-oed and zh-min-nan ?

> Why would we want to do that?

They don't follow the normal lang + extlang + variant or
lang + region + variant patterns.  But if the parser isn't
broken it should find that these _must_ be grandfathered
tags, sorry, please ignore my stupid question.  Bye, Frank



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Doug Ewell wrote:

> I propose the following changes to the region subtags.

Seconded.  We can discuss the finer points of "losing" regions
by unions or splits (if a new region inherits an old CC) later.

> 200 (Czechoslovakia) on the basis that including it is
> inconsistent with other principles

Yes, that's one of these finer points, at the moment it's OUT,
but maybe we invent a proper rule to add it again later.  Bye.



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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> For all the other standards, the code list is freely available over the
> Internet but the standard itself must be purchased.  ISO 3166-3 is the
> only one where even the code list is not free.

We are not planning to reprint the code list; we are planning to use the
information in the code list to make something new.  The fact that a cookbook
is copyright doesn't mean that the copyright owner can control who can make
dishes according to the recipes.

IANAL, TINLA.

-- 
John Cowan  www.ccil.org/~cowan  www.reutershealth.com  jcowan@reutershealth.com
Economists were put on this planet to make astrologers look good.
        --Leo McGarry

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: DD, YD, and YU (was: Question)
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> So could the others.  Look, we've already agreed (I think) that the
> codes withdrawn before 1988 can be removed without sacrificing
> compatibility.  That's 15 of the 24 withdrawn codes, or 62%.  I think we
> should move on.

+1

> The main value of allowing 'DD' as well as 'DE' is that tags in 'DD'
> were allowed under RFC 1766.  Yes, I know that means we have a code for
> present-day Germany and a code for the former East Germany, but no code
> for the former West Germany.  I don't see that as a significant gap in
> tagging flexibility.  What does everyone else think?

+1

-- 
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        --"The Passage of the Marshes"          http://www.ccil.org/~cowan

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Frank Ellermann scripsit:

> They don't follow the normal lang + extlang + variant or
> lang + region + variant patterns.  But if the parser isn't
> broken it should find that these _must_ be grandfathered
> tags, sorry, please ignore my stupid question.  

This brings up an interesting point:

Of the 25 current grandfathered tags in the registry:

	18 are not well-formed (en-gb-oed, i-*, sgn-*-*, zh-min-nan).

	6 are of the reserved xx-yyy form:
		3 (zh-gan, zh-wuu, zh-yue) will be well-formed and valid
			in 3066ter;
		3 (zh-min, no-bok, no-nyn) will be well-formed but not
			valid in 3066ter.

	1 is well-formed already (art-lojban) but appears to make
		"lojban" a variant, which it is not.

-- 
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I agree with those changes.

=E2=80=8EMark

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, March 29, 2005 22:47
Subject: [Ltru] Proposed changes to region subtags


> I propose the following changes to the region subtags.  I'd like to see
> if we can reach a rough consensus on these items by next Wednesday,
> April 6, at which point I will float a new version of the registry, as
> well as complete step-by-step instructions for populating all parts of
> the registry.
>
> 1.  Remove all region subtags that were withdrawn from ISO 3166 before
> 1988.
>
> The list comprises BQ, CT, DY, FQ, HV, JT, MI, NH, NQ, PC, PU, PZ, RH,
> VD, and WK.
>
> 2.  For the remaining region subtags that were withdrawn from ISO 3166
> after 1988, change the description as necessary to match the name
> originally associated with the ISO code (not the new name).
>
> BU: change "Myanmar" to "Burma"
> DD: change "East Germany" to "German Democratic Republic"
> TP: change "Timor-Leste" to "East Timor"
> YD: change "People's Democratic Republic of Yemen" to "Yemen,
> Democratic"
> YU: change "Serbia and Montenegro" to "Yugoslavia"
> ZR: change "Congo, The Democratic Republic of the" to "Zaire"
>
> Note that subtags corresponding to current ISO codes are not affected.
> For example, MM is still "Myanmar" and TL is still "Timor-Leste."
>
> 3.  For this same set of region subtags, change the canonical value as
> necessary to match ISO 3166:1998, regardless of whether the physical
> entity is the same.
>
> DD: change '--' to 'DE'
> FX: change '--' to 'FR'
> YD: change '--' to 'YE'
>
> 4.  For this same set, change the format of the comments as follows
> (where X is the old country name and Y is the new name):
>
> "Y... changed yyyy-mm-dd, formerly X"
>   -->  "X... withdrawn yyyy-mm-dd, replaced by Y"
>
> "deprecated yyyy-mm-dd"
>   -->  "withdrawn yyyy-mm-dd"
>
> 5.  Remove region subtag 172 (Commonwealth of Independent States) on th=
e
> basis that it is classified among the economic codes (otherwise not
> allowed), and 200 (Czechoslovakia) on the basis that including it is
> inconsistent with other principles for populating the registry.
>
> -Doug Ewell
>  Fullerton, California
>  http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] DD, YD,  and YU (was: Question)
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On Behalf Of
> Frank Ellermann


> > Changing the date to 1995 would add only five more codes
> > (BU, DD, NT, SU, and YD) to the blacklist.  Is that worth
> > violating the agreement set down in RFC 1766?
>=20
> I'm not sure.  BU, NT, and SU are still visible on the 3166-1
> page.  DD and YD are officially unassigned.  In other words
> they could be assigned to a new region tomorrow when necessary.

One of the basic issues in 3066bis is to ensure stability of tags. DD
and YD *are* valid under RFC 3066; we should not change that. It is not
very likely that they'll get reassigned any time soon, but if they
happen to get reassigned after a new RFC is in place, it will have means
to deal with that. It is so unlikely that they will get reassigned
before then that there is no need to waste time making contingency
plans.


 Peter Constable

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I am sending this today to the editor.

Regards
Tomas

-------------------------------------------------------------------



Internet-Draft                                   M.T. Carrasco Benitez 
Expires: 1 October 2005                            European Commission 
                                                         30 March 2005 
 
 
 
 
                     Codes for language transformation 
                    draft-carrasco-language-code-02.txt 
    
     
    
Intellectual Property Rights Statement 
    
   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any 
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware 
   have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes 
   aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. 
    
Status of this Memo  
    
   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering 
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other 
   groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.  
    
   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months 
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any 
   time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference 
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."  
    
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   http://www.ietf.org/1id-abstracts.html  
    
   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at 
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html 
        
Abstract  
    
   This document describes codes for language transformation such as 
   transliteration and transcription. 
    
   Language transformation means that a language is expressed in another 
   way (e.g., in another alphabet) for people familiar with the target 
   alphabet and language. For example, Greek converted to Latin script 
   for English users. 
    
   Note that this is not translation. The text continues to be in Greek, 
   but written in another alphabet. 
    

 
 
Carrasco                Expires 1 October 2005                [Page 1]

Internet-Draft         Language Transformation             March 2005 
 
 
1. Introduction
    
   Natural languages can be written in scripts that are not their usual 
   scripts. For example, the ideogram for the Chinese capital is 
   transliterated as "Beijing". 
    
   Transliteration tries to transform scripts. Transcription tries to 
   transform sounds. It is wise to avoid discussion on what is 
   transliteration or transcription: often transformation schemes are a 
   mixture of several approaches. Hence, this document uses the term 
   transformation. 
    
   Transformation is aimed at a target user. For example, transformation 
   from Greek for English is different from a transformation from Greek 
   for Arab: the scripts are different. 
    
   Scripts are not the only issue. Transformation from Greek for French 
   is different from transformation from Greek for Spanish: same target 
   script, different target languages; but different transformation 
   schemes. 
    
   One can also have more than one transformation scheme from a language 
   to another language. For example, there are several transformation 
   schemes from Chinese for English: same target script, same target 
   language; but different transformation schemes. 
    
   Hence, one needs a list of transformation schemes, each with one 
   unique identifier. The transformation identifier indicates the source 
   language(s), the source script, the target language(s) and the target 
   script. 
    
   Following the publication of the Internet-Draft Tags for 
   Identification of Languages [TID], this long expired Internet-Draft 
   is revived as a feedback to the ongoing work by the Language Tag 
   Registry Update (LTRU). 
    
2. Transformation
    
   To tag a transformed language one needs the following: 
    
   - Transformation indicator 
   - Source language 
   - Transformation scheme 
    
   Example: 
    
    tran-zh-wadegiles 
    
   This means: Transformation of Chinese using the Wade-Gide scheme. 
 
 
Carrasco                Expires 1 October 2005                [Page 2]

Internet-Draft         Language Transformation             March 2005 
 
 
    
   The above is a pseudo-code. In particular, it is not a syntactic 
   proposition for LTRU. This should come later, assuming that LTRU want 
   to consider language transformations. Indeed, the transformation 
   token does not need to be present and it could be implied. For 
   example; 
    
    zh-wadegiles 
    
3. Syntax
    
   Ideally, the syntax should be of the form: 
    
    zh-wadegiles 
    
   i.e., the transformation indicator should be implicit. 
    
   Otherwise, the syntax should be discussed in LTRU. 
    
4. Registries
    
   Two registries are need: 
    
   - IANA  
   - Schemes for Language Transformation  
    
   IANA must be concerned only with scheme identifiers. In the example 
   above the string "wadegiles". 
    
   The Registry of Schemes for Language Transformation must contain the 
   scheme identifier, source and target language(s)/script(s), 
   description, etc. A proposition will follow. 
    
5. Security Considerations
    
   The same as stated in TID, section 4. 
    
6. References
    
   [LIST] 
   Previous discussion in the list www-international@w3.org 
   http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/ 
   www-international/1998OctDec/0002.html 
    
   [LTRU] 
   Language Tag Registry Update (ltru) 
   http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html 
    
    
 
 
Carrasco                Expires 1 October 2005                [Page 3]

Internet-Draft         Language Transformation             March 2005 
 
 
   [TC46/SC2] 
   International Technical Committee 46 / Subcommittee 2 
   Conversion of Written Languages 
   This committee has little or no activities 
   http://elot.gr/tc46sc2 
    
   [TID] 
   Tags for Identifying Languages 
   Editors, A. Phillips, M. Davis. 
   http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.txt 
   Work in progress 
    
7. Author Address
    
   Manuel Tomas CARRASCO BENITEZ 
   European Commission 
   Jean Monnet Building 
   L-2920 Luxembourg 
    
   Telephone: +352 4301 36943 
   Email: lanco@dragoman.org 
    
8. Disclaimer
    
   Though the intention is of a feedback to LTRU, this document has not 
   been endorsed by LTRU. 
    
   This document represents the view of the author. It does not  
   necessarily represent the views of any other parties. 
    
9. Copyright Statement
    
   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).  
    
   This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions 
   contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors 
   retain all their rights.  
    
   This document and the information contained herein are provided on an 
   "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS 
   OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET 
   ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, 
   INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE 
   INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED 
   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 
 



 
 
Carrasco                Expires 1 October 2005                [Page 4]



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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: DD, YD, and YU (was: Question)
Date: Wed, 30 Mar 2005 08:50:22 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: DD, YD, and YU (was: Question)
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From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell

> The main value of allowing 'DD' as well as 'DE' is that tags in 'DD'
> were allowed under RFC 1766.  Yes, I know that means we have a code
for
> present-day Germany and a code for the former East Germany, but no
code
> for the former West Germany.  I don't see that as a significant gap in
> tagging flexibility.  What does everyone else think?

I just started thinking about how country mergers and splits affect
language tags, and quickly realized this can be somewhat tricky. It's
more complicated than if two entries in ISO 639-3 get merged, for
instance.=20

For instance, in a merger, factors include:

- If countries AA and BB join, is the code for the new entity one of AA
or BB, or is it rather something distinct, CC?

- Were there real differences between AA and BB wrt a given language, or
were users simply blindly applying tags of the form ll-CC since they
could and were under the impression that that's the preferred form?

- If there were real differences before, do they disappear after the
merger? (This might possibly happen, for instance if the differences are
spelling.)


No time to elaborate any further at the moment.



Peter Constable

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Mar 30 12:14:22 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: DD, YD, and YU (was: Question)
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+1

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of John Cowan
> Sent: mardi 29 mars 2005 23:12
> To: Doug Ewell
> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: DD, YD, and YU (was: Question)
>=20
> Doug Ewell scripsit:
>=20
> > So could the others.  Look, we've already agreed (I think) that the
> > codes withdrawn before 1988 can be removed without sacrificing
> > compatibility.  That's 15 of the 24 withdrawn codes, or 62%.  I =
think we
> > should move on.
>=20
> +1
>=20
> > The main value of allowing 'DD' as well as 'DE' is that tags in 'DD'
> > were allowed under RFC 1766.  Yes, I know that means we have a code =
for
> > present-day Germany and a code for the former East Germany, but no =
code
> > for the former West Germany.  I don't see that as a significant gap =
in
> > tagging flexibility.  What does everyone else think?
>=20
> +1
>=20
> --
> It was dreary and wearisome.  Cold clammy winter still held way in =
this
> forsaken country.  The only green was the scum of livid weed on the =
dark
> greasy surfaces of the sullen waters.  Dead grasses and rotting reeds
> loomed
> up in the mists like ragged shadows of long-forgotten summers.
>         --"The Passage of the Marshes"          =
http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Mar 30 12:19:16 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] zh-min-nan and en-GB-oed (was: Registry in
	record-jarformat)
Date: Wed, 30 Mar 2005 09:18:02 -0800
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	record-jarformat)
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "John Cowan" <jcowan@reutershealth.com>,
        "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>
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art-lojban is deprecated in favor of 'jbo'. Changes in draft-00 make it =
a grandfathered entry (it was formerly redundant) to prevent creating =
the variant subtag 'lojban'.

This also applies in various ways to some of the =
well-formed-but-not-valid values (no-nyn, for example).

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of John Cowan
> Sent: mardi 29 mars 2005 23:32
> To: Frank Ellermann
> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh-min-nan and en-GB-oed (was: Registry in record-
> jarformat)
>=20
> Frank Ellermann scripsit:
>=20
> > They don't follow the normal lang + extlang + variant or
> > lang + region + variant patterns.  But if the parser isn't
> > broken it should find that these _must_ be grandfathered
> > tags, sorry, please ignore my stupid question.
>=20
> This brings up an interesting point:
>=20
> Of the 25 current grandfathered tags in the registry:
>=20
> 	18 are not well-formed (en-gb-oed, i-*, sgn-*-*, zh-min-nan).
>=20
> 	6 are of the reserved xx-yyy form:
> 		3 (zh-gan, zh-wuu, zh-yue) will be well-formed and valid
> 			in 3066ter;
> 		3 (zh-min, no-bok, no-nyn) will be well-formed but not
> 			valid in 3066ter.
>=20
> 	1 is well-formed already (art-lojban) but appears to make
> 		"lojban" a variant, which it is not.
>=20
> --
> John Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.reutershealth.com
> www.ccil.org/~cowan
> Assent may be registered by a signature, a handshake, or a click of a
> computer
> mouse transmitted across the invisible ether of the Internet. =
Formality
> is not a requisite; any sign, symbol or action, or even willful =
inaction,
> as long as it is unequivocally referable to the promise, may create a
> contract.
>        --Specht v. Netscape
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From: John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
To: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: DD, YD, and YU (was: Question)
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Peter Constable scripsit:

> - If countries AA and BB join, is the code for the new entity one of AA
> or BB, or is it rather something distinct, CC?

That would tend to depend on whether the new entity adopted a distinct name.
AFAIK the last time that happened was in 1958, when Egypt and Syria merged
to form the United Arab Republic; the union dissolved in 1961, although
Egypt retained the name until 1971.

> - Were there real differences between AA and BB wrt a given language, or
> were users simply blindly applying tags of the form ll-CC since they
> could and were under the impression that that's the preferred form?
> 
> - If there were real differences before, do they disappear after the
> merger? (This might possibly happen, for instance if the differences are
> spelling.)

It doesn't much matter from the POV of standardizers, since whatever was
valid before is still valid, so ll-AA and ll-BB tags would still be so.
Language-taggers would have to make their own decisions.

-- 
John Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan  www.reutershealth.com
In the sciences, we are now uniquely privileged to sit side by side
with the giants on whose shoulders we stand.
        --Gerald Holton

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh-min-nan and en-GB-oed (was: Registry in
	record-jarformat)
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Addison Phillips scripsit:

> art-lojban is deprecated in favor of 'jbo'. Changes in draft-00 make it
> a grandfathered entry (it was formerly redundant) to prevent creating
> the variant subtag 'lojban'.

Nobody knows that better than I; my name's on the registration requests
for both "art-lojban" and "jbo", not surprisingly.

> This also applies in various ways to some of the
> well-formed-but-not-valid values (no-nyn, for example).

Sure.  I was just interested in exploring how many of the grandfathered
tags were recognizable as such by their syntax alone (per Frank's
remarks).   In particular, is it a feasible strategy for RFC 3066bis
parsers to recognize grandfathered tags only after attempting to parse
the tag, in order not to expend cycles on tests for grandfathered tags
that will almost always fail?  Answer: almost.

/me goes back in time and kicks himself for registering art-lojban.

-- 
John Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan
If a traveler were informed that such a man [as Lord John Russell] was
leader of the House of Commons, he may well begin to comprehend how the
Egyptians worshiped an insect.  --Benjamin Disraeli

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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Proposed changes to region subtags
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of Doug Ewell


> I propose the following changes to the region subtags...

Looks good to me.


Peter Constable

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From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
To: "'John Cowan'" <jcowan@reutershealth.com>,
        "'Peter Constable'" <petercon@microsoft.com>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: DD, YD, and YU (was: Question)
Date: Wed, 30 Mar 2005 22:36:46 +0100
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John Cowan wrote:

>It doesn't much matter from the POV of standardizers, since whatever was
>valid before is still valid, so ll-AA and ll-BB tags would still be so.

Agreed 

>Language-taggers would have to make their own decisions.


Surely, if there are two options for tagging it is not standardised, it
would have to be distinct... as the merger creates new meaning and that
meaning is neither ll-AA or ll-BB, as was previously known, ll-CC should be
created and ll-AA and ll-BB deprecated (if this means what I think it means,
as in, stays in registry for backward compatibility) but with a
recommendation not to use) or at least if not deprecated, annotated.

Debbie


-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
Behalf Of John Cowan
Sent: 30 March 2005 18:34
To: Peter Constable
Cc: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: DD, YD, and YU (was: Question)

Peter Constable scripsit:

> - If countries AA and BB join, is the code for the new entity one of AA
> or BB, or is it rather something distinct, CC?

That would tend to depend on whether the new entity adopted a distinct name.
AFAIK the last time that happened was in 1958, when Egypt and Syria merged
to form the United Arab Republic; the union dissolved in 1961, although
Egypt retained the name until 1971.

> - Were there real differences between AA and BB wrt a given language, or
> were users simply blindly applying tags of the form ll-CC since they
> could and were under the impression that that's the preferred form?
> 
> - If there were real differences before, do they disappear after the
> merger? (This might possibly happen, for instance if the differences are
> spelling.)

It doesn't much matter from the POV of standardizers, since whatever was
valid before is still valid, so ll-AA and ll-BB tags would still be so.
Language-taggers would have to make their own decisions.

-- 
John Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan
www.reutershealth.com
In the sciences, we are now uniquely privileged to sit side by side
with the giants on whose shoulders we stand.
        --Gerald Holton

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At 04:47 30/03/2005, Doug Ewell wrote:
>JFC (Jefsey) Morfin <jefsey at jefsey dot com> wrote:
>
> >> We're not trying to maintain compatibility with every country coding
> >> system ever invented, just the one used for language tags.
> >
> > The ultimate target is to facilitare the exchange of goods and services
> > through the elimination of technical barriers to trade and to foster
> > the human cultural development through a multingual internet,
> > something the IETF has never been good at - due to the Internet
> > default parameters logic I documented, and IAB demonstrated by the
> > choice of its priorities in RFC 3869. This is the reason why we need
> > the support from other experiences and motivation by new demands from
> > NGN and WSIS. If ISO is not enough, any other adequate subtag source
> > is to be supported.
>
>You're reading a different charter from the one I'm reading, that's for
>sure.

???
I only read the Charter, the RFC, ISO and WSIS.
jfc


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> From: John Cowan [mailto:jcowan@reutershealth.com]

> > - If there were real differences before, do they disappear after the
> > merger? (This might possibly happen, for instance if the differences
are
> > spelling.)
>=20
> It doesn't much matter from the POV of standardizers, since whatever
was
> valid before is still valid, so ll-AA and ll-BB tags would still be
so.
> Language-taggers would have to make their own decisions.

They'd still be valid, but the semantics might have changed. Suppose AA
and BB merge, and the new entity has an ID of AA. But suppose there
continue to be dialect differences. For existing content, ll-AA means
dialect A of ll; on new content, though, ll-AA means dialects A or B.


Peter

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M.T. Carrasco Benitez wrote:
 
> I am sending this today to the editor.

Interesting, if I get it right you want LTRU to use a scheme
which allows the later addition of transliterations.  You
identify five relevant parts:

1: source language, 2: source script, 3: target laguage(s), 
3: target script, 5: (registered) transliteration scheme.

Two of these parts could be irrelevant, the source script,
and target language(s) if they are implied by the scheme.

This would fit into a lang + script + variant pattern, if 
you consider a "registered transliteration scheme" as some
kind of "registered variant".

Is that good enough for your purposes, and do you want it
as an example for "variants" in the registry draft ?

                   Bye, Frank



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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On
> Behalf Of M.T. Carrasco Benitez

Some comments:

You have called this "language transformation".=20

>    Language transformation means that a language is expressed in
another
>    way (e.g., in another alphabet) for people familiar with the target
>    alphabet and language...

>    Transliteration tries to transform scripts. Transcription tries to
>    transform sounds.=20

I agree that transliteration is a transformation, because there is a
source script that is distinct from the target script. But
transliteration involves only one written form, and so is no more a
transformation than a standard orthographic form, which is not generally
referred to as transformation.

I have for some time assumed that it should be possible to accommodate
tags for transcriptions within a successor to RFC 3066, with requiring
any special new apparatus. If Azeri in Cyrillic and Azeri in Latin are
two written representations of Azeri language, then Azeri in IPA or
Azeri in some form of shorthand are just two more written
representations. If RFC3066bis can handle the former, then handling the
latter is a matter only of having the relevant subtags.

If my assumption is correct, then transcriptions should be readily
handled in RFC3066bis with only a need for some new "script" and variant
subtags. Transliteration is slightly more involved, however, and needs
additional consideration.=20

You rightly note that transliterations are often tailored to suit
speakers of a particular language, and can be done in more than one way
for a given target audience. So, whereas if we had a "script" ID for IPA
(for sake of discussion, suppose it's Lipa), then Greek in IPA
transcription could be tagged as "el-Lipa", but for transliteration into
Latin (say) it's not enough to use "el-Latn" since different schemes
might exist for a French audience vs. a Spanish audience, and there
might be more than one scheme intended for speakers of a given language.

There's also the matter of tagging processing resources versus tagging
content. Not only do we want to tag content, but we also want to tag
processing resources such as spelling checkers. So, an "en-US" spelling
checker is one intended for "en-US" content. Consider a given
transliteration scheme for some language: the concept of a spelling
checker for transliterated content is certainly feasible, and a tag for
the content would be the same as the tag for the spelling checker. Now,
consider a transliteration processor: if the scheme is specific to a
particular source language, then the same tag can be used for the
process as for resulting content. But, not all transliteration schemes
are specific to a given source language. In that case, a tag for the
process would have a different form since it wouldn't have to begin with
a language subtag!



>    To tag a transformed language one needs the following:
>=20
>    - Transformation indicator
>    - Source language
>    - Transformation scheme
>=20
>    Example:
>=20
>     tran-zh-wadegiles
...

> Indeed, the transformation
>    token does not need to be present and it could be implied. For
>    example;
>=20
>     zh-wadegiles

It's not clear to me that a "transformation indicator" would ever be
necessary.

(BTW, I'm not a Sinologist, so don't know, but am curious: is Wade-Giles
a transcription/orthographic convention or a transliteration scheme?)


> 4. Registries
>=20
>    Two registries are need:
>=20
>    - IANA
>    - Schemes for Language Transformation

There's validity to this idea. If schemes are well known, or well
documented somewhere, then they don't really need to be defined in a
registry. It seems likely that there might be schemes that are not well
known and for which documentation is not readily available, however, and
a registry might well serve a useful purpose in such cases. (This might
even be a sensible project for ISO TC 46, though so far their interest
in transliteration schemes appears to be limited to a proscriptive
approach of defining particular schemes that conform to their
requirements.)




Peter Constable

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From: "M.T. Carrasco Benitez" <mtcarrascob@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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> [Ellermann]
> Interesting, if I get it right you want LTRU to use a scheme
> which allows the later addition of transliterations.  You
> identify five relevant parts:
> 
> 1: source language, 2: source script, 3: target laguage(s), 
> 3: target script, 5: (registered) transliteration scheme.

For the "Schemes for Language Transformation", there could be
more than five. I will later submit a full record. This does
not need to be hosted by LTRU (IANA).

> Two of these parts could be irrelevant, the source script,
> and target language(s) if they are implied by the scheme.

LTRU must be concerned only by the "transformation identifier".
For example, "widegiles". Any new type would be needed. For example:

# Transformations
transformation | widegiles | | yyyy-mm-dd | |
transformation | pinyin| | yyyy-mm-dd | |

> This would fit into a lang + script + variant pattern, if 
> you consider a "registered transliteration scheme" as some
> kind of "registered variant".

No. See above. The transformation identifer carries the information
regarding the target script.
 
> Is that good enough for your purposes, and do you want it
> as an example for "variants" in the registry draft ?

See above.

Regards
Tomas


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Frank Ellermann <nobody at xyzzy dot claranet dot de> wrote:

>> I propose the following changes to the region subtags.
>
> Seconded.  We can discuss the finer points of "losing" regions
> by unions or splits (if a new region inherits an old CC) later.

Last Call for the registry draft is scheduled for May, and it's almost
April already.  I think we need to figure out the rules now, rather than
saving things for an unspecified "later."

>> 200 (Czechoslovakia) on the basis that including it is
>> inconsistent with other principles
>
> Yes, that's one of these finer points, at the moment it's OUT,
> but maybe we invent a proper rule to add it again later.

See "later" above.  Can you think of a use case for 200?  It's not
needed for current tagging needs, nor for backward compatibility.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: "M.T. Carrasco Benitez" <mtcarrascob@yahoo.com>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Language transformation
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> [Constable]
> Some comments:
>=20
> You have called this "language transformation".=20
>=20
> > Language transformation means that a language is expressed in another
> > way (e.g., in another alphabet) for people familiar with the target
> > alphabet and language...
>=20
> > Transliteration tries to transform scripts. Transcription tries to
> > transform sounds.=20
>=20
> I agree that transliteration is a transformation, because there is a
> source script that is distinct from the target script. But
> transliteration involves only one written form, and so is no more a
> transformation than a standard orthographic form, which is not generall=
y
> referred to as transformation.

We could use another term; for example, "conversion" as used by the TC46/=
SC2.
I do not recommend to use either the terms "transliteration" or "transcri=
ption"
as we risk to start a polemy.

> I have for some time assumed that it should be possible to accommodate
> tags for transcriptions within a successor to RFC 3066, with requiring
> any special new apparatus.

As long as I am aware, it is not possible. The original Internet-Draft is
from 1998 and Alvestrand was involved in the discusison. Have a look to:

http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-international/1998OctDec/0002.htm=
l

> If Azeri in Cyrillic and Azeri in Latin are
> two written representations of Azeri language, then Azeri in IPA or
> Azeri in some form of shorthand are just two more written
> representations. If RFC3066bis can handle the former, then handling the
> latter is a matter only of having the relevant subtags.

Azeri is probably a worse case example. In less than a century it has use=
d
the Arabic, Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. These changes were supposed to =
be
"permanent". Transformation does not addresses permanent changes, like Az=
eri
or Turkish (changed in 1928). This should be addressed with other existin=
g
mechanisms in LTRU.

Transformation addresses expression "non-native" to the language. For exa=
mple,
Armenian transformed (or transliterated) into the Latin script.

By the way, Armenians are celebrating this year the 1600th anniversary of=
 their
script. It would be nice to go to the "Targmanchats Ton" (translators day=
).=20
This is a case of very successful standardisation: would LTRU be here in
1600 years ?  -:)

> If my assumption is correct, then transcriptions should be readily
> handled in RFC3066bis with only a need for some new "script" and varian=
t
> subtags. Transliteration is slightly more involved, however, and needs
> additional consideration.=20

Yes. It has to be checked. But the script is not sufficient. Examples:

 <span lang=3D"zh-widegiles">Peking</span>
 <span lang=3D"zh-pinyin">Beijing</span>

 <span lang=3D"el">&#928;&#913;&#928;&#913;&#916;&#927;&#928;&#927;&#933;=
&#923;&#927;&#931;</span>
 <span lang=3D"el-forFrench">PAPADOPOULOS</span>
 <span lang=3D"el-forSpanish">PAPADOPULOS</span>

lang in pseudo-code.

> You rightly note that transliterations are often tailored to suit
> speakers of a particular language, and can be done in more than one way
> for a given target audience. So, whereas if we had a "script" ID for IP=
A
> (for sake of discussion, suppose it's Lipa), then Greek in IPA
> transcription could be tagged as "el-Lipa", but for transliteration int=
o
> Latin (say) it's not enough to use "el-Latn" since different schemes
> might exist for a French audience vs. a Spanish audience, and there
> might be more than one scheme intended for speakers of a given language.

See above.

> There's also the matter of tagging processing resources versus tagging
> content. Not only do we want to tag content, but we also want to tag
> processing resources such as spelling checkers. So, an "en-US" spelling
> checker is one intended for "en-US" content. Consider a given
> transliteration scheme for some language: the concept of a spelling
> checker for transliterated content is certainly feasible, and a tag for
> the content would be the same as the tag for the spelling checker. Now,
> consider a transliteration processor: if the scheme is specific to a
> particular source language, then the same tag can be used for the
> process as for resulting content. But, not all transliteration schemes
> are specific to a given source language. In that case, a tag for the
> process would have a different form since it wouldn't have to begin wit=
h
> a language subtag!

The intention is very much to tag for content. So if one want to implemen=
t
a spelling checker for "es-forSpanish", it has to follow this ortography.

A transformation scheme "tranFoo" could be use by more that one source an=
d
target languages; particulaly when the source languages are similars and =
the
target languages are similar. For example, tranFoo could be used for
transformation from the source languages Bulgarian or Russian to the targ=
et
languages Spanish and Italian. The proposed registry for "Schemes for
Language Transformation" will contain this information. Hence, it should
not be the business of AINA.

Examples:

Bulgarian transformed for Spanish and Italian:
 <span lang=3D"bg-tranFoo">Blabla</span>

Russian transformed for Spanish and Italian:
 <span lang=3D"ru-tranFoo">Bleble</span>

But note, "Blabla" is Bulgarian even after the transformation.
Similar for the second example.

>=20
>=20
> >    To tag a transformed language one needs the following:
> >=20
> >    - Transformation indicator
> >    - Source language
> >    - Transformation scheme
> >=20
> >    Example:
> >=20
> >     tran-zh-wadegiles
> ...
>=20
> > Indeed, the transformation
> >    token does not need to be present and it could be implied. For
> >    example;
> >=20
> >     zh-wadegiles
>=20
> It's not clear to me that a "transformation indicator" would ever be
> necessary.

I agree. Conceptually is there. But I would not like to see it as a token.
=20
> (BTW, I'm not a Sinologist, so don't know, but am curious: is Wade-Gile=
s
> a transcription/orthographic convention or a transliteration scheme?)

I am not a Sinologist, either. But even I am were one, I would not state
if it is a transliteration or transcription. I learnt this the hard way:
I am pretty certain that a non ending discussion will follow.

>=20
> > 4. Registries
> >=20
> >    Two registries are need:
> >=20
> >    - IANA
> >    - Schemes for Language Transformation
>=20
> There's validity to this idea. If schemes are well known, or well
> documented somewhere, then they don't really need to be defined in a
> registry. It seems likely that there might be schemes that are not well
> known and for which documentation is not readily available, however, an=
d
> a registry might well serve a useful purpose in such cases. (This might
> even be a sensible project for ISO TC 46, though so far their interest
> in transliteration schemes appears to be limited to a proscriptive
> approach of defining particular schemes that conform to their
> requirements.)
>=20

TC46/SC2 is defunct. I have done some preliminary work. And we should loo=
k
for an acceptable host.

(Martin D=FCrst: do you think that we could do it in Unicode ?)

Regards
Tomas


Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.co=
m=20

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Subject: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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M.T. Carrasco Benitez <mtcarrascob at yahoo dot com> wrote:

> I am sending this today to the editor.

It's sometimes considered helpful to discuss ideas on the list first,
before going to the effort of writing a draft (or even adapting an
existing one).

> Transliteration tries to transform scripts. Transcription tries to
> transform sounds. It is wise to avoid discussion on what is
> transliteration or transcription: often transformation schemes are a
> mixture of several approaches. Hence, this document uses the term
> transformation.

The most important distinction is that a transliteration must be
unambiguously reversible.  That said, it's true that non-professionals
often use the terms interchangeably, and I don't see a problem with
lumping them together for this discussion.

> Hence, one needs a list of transformation schemes, each with one
> unique identifier. The transformation identifier indicates the source
> language(s), the source script, the target language(s) and the target
> script.

It's more than just target language; multiple transcription systems can
exist for the same set of four variables (SL, SS, TL, TS).

> The above is a pseudo-code. In particular, it is not a syntactic
> proposition for LTRU. This should come later, assuming that LTRU want
> to consider language transformations. Indeed, the transformation
> token does not need to be present and it could be implied. For
> example;
>
> zh-wadegiles

I think this might make a good candidate for an extension RFC.  It's not
strictly an attribute of the language, but might be important for
content storage and retrieval.  For example, it might be valuable to
specify whether "kr-Latn" text is romanized using McCune-Reischauer,
Yale, or Revised Romanization, or whether "ru-Latn" is romanized using
ISO 9, GOST, or some other language-dependent scheme (which is common
for Russian).

Extensions are described in detail at:

http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.html#extensions

If this were approved, and assuming for the sake of argument that the
singleton 't' were assigned, then the example in Section 2 of Tomas's
draft could be coded as "zh-Latn-t-wadeg" or even just "zh-t-wadeg"
(since the existence of a subtag for Wade-Giles implies the Latin
script).  Note that subtags must be 8 characters of less, so "wadegiles"
would be too long.

Transcription schemes that don't have a name, but are dependent on the
target language (again, common for Russian), might be indicated with a
2-character subtag representing the target language.  Thus
"ru(-Latn)-t-de" would be a transcription of Russian intended for German
readers, while "ru(-Latn)-t-fr" would be the same for French speakers.
In that case, subtags that don't represent a target language would have
to be 3 or more characters long.

> Two registries are need:
>
> - IANA
> - Schemes for Language Transformation
>
> IANA must be concerned only with scheme identifiers. In the example
> above the string "wadegiles".

If this were approved as an extension RFC, then that RFC -- not IANA -- 
would control the list of valid subtags.  IANA would maintain a URL
pointing to the current table.

Obviously, none of this can happen until RFC 3066bis is published.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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On Tue, 29 Mar 2005, Doug Ewell wrote:

> > For some time I thought that en-UK is correct... :-(  Maybe I
> > confuse it with a locale.  Google claims to have 300,000 hits
> > for "en-uk" (quoted), most of them probably irrelevant.
>
> That's not evidence of ccTLDs in language tags, that's just an error.
> :-)

Well, yes, it is an error, but a common one. Even the Dublin Core
documents have contained it, e.g.
http://dublincore.org/documents/1999/07/02/dces/
(the current version has it fixed to en-GB).

The error is understandable, since the official name of the country is
"United Kingdom" (long form: "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland"). Besides, the official European Union policy is to use "UK" as
the country code (otherwise using ISO 3166 except for Greece).

Is there a point after which erroneous usage becomes common enough to be
taken so seriously that it be recognized? That would mean keeping "UK" as
country code unassigned (reserved) and treating any use of "UK" as country
code as an error in principle but with the error recovery that it is
interpreted (perhaps with a warning) to mean 'United Kingdom'. Someone
might say that this would mean virtually accepting "UK" as synonym for
"GB" - and this might be regarded as a very bad move.

But after all, metadata is about giving information about data, and if an
author labels his data as, say, applying to country "UK" or being in
language "en-UK", shouldn't we work by what we know he must have _meant_,
instead of just blowing horns and sending error messages around?

-- 
Jukka "Yucca" Korpela, http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Language transformation
Date: Thu, 31 Mar 2005 08:55:12 -0800
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From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On Behalf Of M.T.
> Carrasco Benitez


> We could use another term; for example, "conversion" as used by the =
TC46/SC2.
> I do not recommend to use either the terms "transliteration" or =
"transcription"
> as we risk to start a polemy.

I agree that "transliterations" are not as cut and dried as TC46 makes =
them out to be. My only point was that there are many things that fall =
in the category of "transcription" (clearly that and not =
transliteration), such as IPA, that really aren't conversions or =
transformations.

=20
> > I have for some time assumed that it should be possible to =
accommodate
> > tags for transcriptions within a successor to RFC 3066, with =
requiring
> > any special new apparatus.
>=20
> As long as I am aware, it is not possible. The original Internet-Draft =
is
> from 1998 and Alvestrand was involved in the discusison. Have a look =
to:
>=20
> =
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-international/1998OctDec/0002.htm=
l

Well, obviously I disagree with some of the opinions that were =
expressed. I think very definitely there should be a way to tag content =
to indicate both it's language variety and written form -- we've had =
consensus for some time that RFC3066 tags should be able to distinguish =
e.g. zh-Hans and zh-Hant. IMO, Chinese in phonetic transcription or in =
Wade-Giles are just additional written forms.


> Azeri is probably a worse case example. In less than a century it has =
used
> the Arabic, Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. These changes were supposed =
to be
> "permanent". Transformation does not addresses permanent changes, like =
Azeri
> or Turkish (changed in 1928). This should be addressed with other =
existing
> mechanisms in LTRU.
>=20
> Transformation addresses expression "non-native" to the language. For =
example,
> Armenian transformed (or transliterated) into the Latin script.

I don't think your distinction between "permanent changes" and =
transformations is really relevant. (Note that someone might create a =
written representation for something like Azeri intending it to be =
permanent, but that doesn't mean it will be widely adopted, let alone =
endure.) All we need to concern ourselves with is what it takes to =
identify content in a given form, and to identify linguistic processing =
resources.


> > (BTW, I'm not a Sinologist, so don't know, but am curious: is =
Wade-Giles
> > a transcription/orthographic convention or a transliteration =
scheme?)
>=20
> I am not a Sinologist, either. But even I am were one, I would not =
state
> if it is a transliteration or transcription. I learnt this the hard =
way:
> I am pretty certain that a non ending discussion will follow.

You're probably right, and it would be rather off topic.


> TC46/SC2 is defunct.=20

I think you're right.=20


> I have done some preliminary work. And we should look
> for an acceptable host.
>=20
> (Martin D=FCrst: do you think that we could do it in Unicode ?)

Martin's not the right one to be asking that; you should be addressing =
the question to Mark Davis.



Peter Constable

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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: 3166-1 state machine
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On Behalf Of
> Jukka K. Korpela


> Well, yes, it is an error, but a common one. Even the Dublin Core
> documents have contained it...

> Is there a point after which erroneous usage becomes common enough to
be
> taken so seriously that it be recognized?

Certainly a valid question for a case like "UK". It is one thing to
specify what is *supposed* to be done; it is another for implementations
to actually support de facto practice.


Peter Constable

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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Frank Ellermann" <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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Why not an extension? Using variants for this strikes me as stretching =
the use of language tags beyond their reasonable usefulness.

Transliteration seems like it might be handled using script codes in a =
gross sense. For the finer sense this draft wants to convey, an =
extension seems like a better fit.=20

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Frank Ellermann
> Sent: mercredi 30 mars 2005 21:12
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
>=20
> M.T. Carrasco Benitez wrote:
>=20
> > I am sending this today to the editor.
>=20
> Interesting, if I get it right you want LTRU to use a scheme
> which allows the later addition of transliterations.  You
> identify five relevant parts:
>=20
> 1: source language, 2: source script, 3: target laguage(s),
> 3: target script, 5: (registered) transliteration scheme.
>=20
> Two of these parts could be irrelevant, the source script,
> and target language(s) if they are implied by the scheme.
>=20
> This would fit into a lang + script + variant pattern, if
> you consider a "registered transliteration scheme" as some
> kind of "registered variant".
>=20
> Is that good enough for your purposes, and do you want it
> as an example for "variants" in the registry draft ?
>=20
>                    Bye, Frank
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> > zh-wadegiles
>=20
> I think this might make a good candidate for an extension RFC.  It's
not
> strictly an attribute of the language, but might be important for
> content storage and retrieval.  For example, it might be valuable to
> specify whether "kr-Latn" text is romanized using McCune-Reischauer,
> Yale, or Revised Romanization, or whether "ru-Latn" is romanized using
> ISO 9, GOST, or some other language-dependent scheme (which is common
> for Russian).

I don't see why an extension RFC should be necessary at all. Think of
these different Romanizations for kr as being comparable to different
spelling conventions. A variant subtag should be sufficient:

kr-Latn-mccnrsch
kr-Latn-yalermn
kr-Latn-revdrmn

ru-Latn-iso9rmn
ru-Latn-gostrmn

zh-Latn-wadegile

(Or perhaps "Latn" is redundant here and can be omitted.)


> Transcription schemes that don't have a name, but are dependent on the
> target language (again, common for Russian), might be indicated with a
> 2-character subtag representing the target language.  Thus
> "ru(-Latn)-t-de" would be a transcription of Russian intended for
German
> readers, while "ru(-Latn)-t-fr" would be the same for French speakers.
> In that case, subtags that don't represent a target language would
have
> to be 3 or more characters long.

I'd rather (i) avoid the use of extensions, and (ii) see particular
conventions documented somewhere and given an ID that can be used as a
variant subtag. Except for cases that are general enough, such as
perhaps IPA, that it might make sense to get an alpha-4 ID added to ISO
15924.


Peter Constable

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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While the direction is interesting, the devil is in the details. We've do=
ne
a fair amount of work on text transformations, and have found that the
transliterations can be general by script (script-script), by language
(language-language), and with variants. For example, there is an ISO
transliteration Cyrillic-to-Latin (which almost nobody uses); there are
UNGEGN transliterations for different cases, and you also have language
specific Russian-English and Russian-German, etc. which differ in the use=
 of
letters. Various style guides provide their own, such as the Chicago Manu=
al
of Style. And then there are variants; Hangul-Latin has different
transliterations according to whether you follow the Ministry of Educatio=
n
or other agencies, and within the Ministry of Education transliteration
there are different choices that you can make.

And the details of what is involved in a transliterations (or transcripti=
on)
may vary. Some examples are on
http://ibm.com/software/globalization/icu/demo/transform, with a descript=
ion
through the Help link, and documentation at
http://icu.sourceforge.net/userguide/Transform.html and continuing. The
rules for transliterations are non-trivial, and we found that many standa=
rds
that purport to describe complete transliterations have gapping holes in
them, cases where the result is not determinant.

As far as language tags go, what one would be naming would be the *result=
*
of applying such a transformation, so the result of applying a
Cyrillic-Latin transliteration to Russian would be ru-Latn, plus some
variant to specify which of the many different transliterations was in us=
e.
These variants could be encompassed with the current variant mechanism, s=
o I
don't see the necessity for any changes to 3066bis.

My main concern is that the actual variants used for transliterations not=
 be
a disaster like the IANA charset repository, where people can't tell what
the registry is describing. The plan is for transliterations to be added =
to
CLDR at some point, and that would provide stable, predictable IDs that
could be used for variants. I suggest that we not try to incorporate
transliteration variants prematurely. For some more formal, structured
mechanism of describing the variants, it would a perfect case for the
extension mechanism proposed in the draft, where some other RFC could hav=
e
something like ru-Latn-t-ungegn-t-en.

=E2=80=8EMark

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "M.T. Carrasco Benitez" <mtcarrascob@yahoo.com>
To: <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, March 31, 2005 06:49
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation


> > [Ellermann]
> > Interesting, if I get it right you want LTRU to use a scheme
> > which allows the later addition of transliterations.  You
> > identify five relevant parts:
> >
> > 1: source language, 2: source script, 3: target laguage(s),
> > 3: target script, 5: (registered) transliteration scheme.
>
> For the "Schemes for Language Transformation", there could be
> more than five. I will later submit a full record. This does
> not need to be hosted by LTRU (IANA).
>
> > Two of these parts could be irrelevant, the source script,
> > and target language(s) if they are implied by the scheme.
>
> LTRU must be concerned only by the "transformation identifier".
> For example, "widegiles". Any new type would be needed. For example:
>
> # Transformations
> transformation | widegiles | | yyyy-mm-dd | |
> transformation | pinyin| | yyyy-mm-dd | |
>
> > This would fit into a lang + script + variant pattern, if
> > you consider a "registered transliteration scheme" as some
> > kind of "registered variant".
>
> No. See above. The transformation identifer carries the information
> regarding the target script.
>
> > Is that good enough for your purposes, and do you want it
> > as an example for "variants" in the registry draft ?
>
> See above.
>
> Regards
> Tomas
>
>
> Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.=
com
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>



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On 19:09 31/03/2005, Mark Davis said:
>The plan is for transliterations to be added to CLDR at some point, and 
>that would provide stable, predictable IDs that could be used for 
>variants. I suggest that we not try to incorporate transliteration 
>variants prematurely. For some more formal, structured mechanism of 
>describing the variants, it would a perfect case for the extension 
>mechanism proposed in the draft, where some other RFC could have
>something like ru-Latn-t-ungegn-t-en.

This kind of remark obviously make me react. Whose plan: IETF, IESG, IAB?

1. this CLDR plan should be documented in the Draft as per Charter. At 
least to explain why it is not supported now.
2. if I am correct a locale is loaded once in a machine not every time it 
wants to change contexts. Obviously a Locale could support many languages. 
Where is the locale to be loaded from? If it is from the IANA should not a 
provision be made in the IANA section. If this is from an outside URL 
listed on the IANA? This should be documented.
3. I am glad you adopt the thinking that the first draft should be a 
framework, completed by additional specialized RFCs. Very positive.

Thank you.
jfc



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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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> [Ewell]
> The most important distinction is that a transliteration must be
> unambiguously reversible.  That said, it's true that non-professionals
> often use the terms interchangeably, and I don't see a problem with
> lumping them together for this discussion.

Not necessarilly. LTRU should be concerned with tagging the transformed
language. The methodollogy should be out of scope.
 
> > Hence, one needs a list of transformation schemes, each with one
> > unique identifier. The transformation identifier indicates the source
> > language(s), the source script, the target language(s) and the target
> > script.
> 
> It's more than just target language; multiple transcription systems can
> exist for the same set of four variables (SL, SS, TL, TS).

Yes.
 
> > The above is a pseudo-code. In particular, it is not a syntactic
> > proposition for LTRU. This should come later, assuming that LTRU want
> > to consider language transformations. Indeed, the transformation
> > token does not need to be present and it could be implied. For
> > example;
> >
> > zh-wadegiles
> 
> I think this might make a good candidate for an extension RFC.  It's not
> strictly an attribute of the language, but might be important for
> content storage and retrieval.  For example, it might be valuable to
> specify whether "kr-Latn" text is romanized using McCune-Reischauer,
> Yale, or Revised Romanization, or whether "ru-Latn" is romanized using
> ISO 9, GOST, or some other language-dependent scheme (which is common
> for Russian).

Yes.

> Extensions are described in detail at:
> 
> http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-registry-00.html#extensions
> 
> If this were approved, and assuming for the sake of argument that the
> singleton 't' were assigned, then the example in Section 2 of Tomas's
> draft could be coded as "zh-Latn-t-wadeg" or even just "zh-t-wadeg"
> (since the existence of a subtag for Wade-Giles implies the Latin
> script).  Note that subtags must be 8 characters of less, so "wadegiles"
> would be too long.

I left the syntax
 
Better "zh-t-wadeg"

Regarding the syntax, in the draft I left it as "should be discussed in LTRU".

> Transcription schemes that don't have a name, but are dependent on the
> target language (again, common for Russian), might be indicated with a
> 2-character subtag representing the target language.  Thus
> "ru(-Latn)-t-de" would be a transcription of Russian intended for German
> readers, while "ru(-Latn)-t-fr" would be the same for French speakers.
> In that case, subtags that don't represent a target language would have
> to be 3 or more characters long.

>From the experience of the last time, having the target language caused confusion:
it must be very clear that the text tagged by "ru-t-foo" is Russian. So having
"ru-t-fr" lead to believe that there was some French in the text. Also, I
suspect (I am not certain) that transformation schemes would typically
target more than one language; except in languages like Armenian with
a very specific script.

But artificially naming transformation schemes is not a solution. Hence,
the entity that registers a transformation scheme with the proposed
"Schemes for Language Transformation" should propose a non-allocated
"transformation identifier" within the syntactic restrictions of LTRU.

> > Two registries are need:
> >
> > - IANA
> > - Schemes for Language Transformation
> >
> > IANA must be concerned only with scheme identifiers. In the example
> > above the string "wadegiles".
> 
> If this were approved as an extension RFC, then that RFC -- not IANA -- 
> would control the list of valid subtags.  IANA would maintain a URL
> pointing to the current table.

Yes. I am doing the preliminary work.

Regards
Tomas


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Language transformation
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> I agree that "transliterations" are not as cut and dried as TC46 makes them out to be. My only
> point was that there are many things that fall in the category of "transcription" (clearly that
> and not transliteration), such as IPA, that really aren't conversions or transformations.

I am ready to accepts almost any term; as long as it is decide once and for all.
A secret; do not tell anybody -:)  I preferred term is "transliteration", but I got hammered by
the parties that want to make a difference with "transcription".

Regards
Tomas


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] is there some wiskey in the jar - [was: Registry in
	record-jar format]
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	record-jar format]
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From: "L.Gillam" <L.Gillam@surrey.ac.uk>
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JFC,

> why to be agressive?=20
...
> If you are a programer and a standardizer=20
...
> If you are involved in the Internet as a programer and as a =
standardizer you know as=20
> much as I do about IPv6?
...
> May be you are not a network architect
...
> May be you are an operational too
...
> - you are selfish grown boys
...
> I hope - and still hope - you could help, as an European=20
> academic, with a=20
> more open minded apporach, culturally more sophisticated and=20
> inclusive than=20
> employees of large multinational coporations or of their=20
> resellers are allowed.

Please do not make assumptions about what others do or do not, or aim =
accusations at others and then accuse them of being aggressive when they =
correct you - it does not help the discussion.=20
Also, where did you discover that Moore's law was a "joke"? Not from =
Intel, surely? (http://www.intel.com/research/silicon/mooreslaw.htm)

> Happily, the law of Moore does not necessarily apply.=20

While applying Moore's law to every situation does not necessarily fit, =
technology moves quickly. UDC, and its predecessor, was a good example =
of a large system of identifiers in existence before any of the web =
technologies. The truth, I suspect, is a consideration of technological =
capabilities and advances alongside expectations of growth. But these =
are both predictions, and we know what the problem with prediction is. =
Now, you suggested that an "IANA considerations" section needs to =
predict how many accesses such a registry will have, right? Based =
perhaps on the frequency of access of the list that goes along with RFC =
3066? Can you point to somewhere that this has been done already? I'm =
interested in how people have made such predictions in these documents - =
predicting system loading is an interesting topic.

As a network architect, perhaps you also have good suggestions to make =
for how to handle a distributed registry that would reduce =
infrastructural requirements and help to fulfill such a requirement. =
Though you seemed to dismiss John Cowan's (or somebody else's) =
suggestions of cacheing. Is your concern purely financial?=20

> In your reasoning, the law of Reed applies(from each language to each =
language)

If it did, we'd have a massive amount of languages based on every person =
possibly speaking to every other person in the world. We have standards =
of terminology in specific areas. The contrast between these 2 =
statements seems to be very relevant to such considerations. Perhaps the =
former is why you suggest significant loading on systems?

> the current Draft will not fly. As usual on the Internet: it is a =
default ASCII Internet=20
> solution for one application having circumvented another one.

I do not understand this comment, perhaps you would like you to =
elaborate on it? Are you suggesting to "do away" with ASCII? Why does an =
ASCII solution for language tagging pose a problem? The tag provides the =
interoperability - what it "stands in place of" requires representation =
(its human-readable name in given a language and associated data). The =
multilinguality of which you speak would be its representation, not its =
tag. Call the airport what you want, your luggage tag will have 3 =
letters and be in ASCII.=20

> Lang5tag is no problem managing as such: it happens to be=20
> well managed for centuries by every library. No need for the IANA.

Where is it documented? How do people use it for interoperability? Who =
ensures it is well maintained? I've no experiences of libraries that use =
such a systems. I am also intrigued by your suggestion that it's less =
complex than what you refer to as a lang3tag, when what you identify as =
lang5tag seems to be an extension of lang3tag.

> you are not taking care of the needs of others (like me)=20

What exactly are these needs that you allude to? I don't consider these =
to be clear. A number of others have asked this also. I'm not sure =
people can realistically take an individual's budget into consideration =
when they aim to provide something for the wider community. Should the =
tail wag the dog?

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> I don't see why an extension RFC should be necessary at all. Think of
> these different Romanizations for kr as being comparable to different
> spelling conventions. A variant subtag should be sufficient:
> 
> kr-Latn-mccnrsch
> kr-Latn-yalermn
> kr-Latn-revdrmn
> 
> ru-Latn-iso9rmn
> ru-Latn-gostrmn
> 
> zh-Latn-wadegile
> 
> (Or perhaps "Latn" is redundant here and can be omitted.)

The script token should not be present and it shoudl be implied y the scheme. 
Hence,

 zh-wadegile

Tomas

 

Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com 

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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: 3166-1 state machine
Date: Thu, 31 Mar 2005 10:05:58 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: 3166-1 state machine
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Jukka K. Korpela" <jkorpela@cs.tut.fi>,
        "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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> Is there a point after which erroneous usage becomes common enough to =
be
> taken so seriously that it be recognized? That would mean keeping "UK" =
as
> country code unassigned (reserved) and treating any use of "UK" as =
country
> code as an error in principle but with the error recovery that it is
> interpreted (perhaps with a warning) to mean 'United Kingdom'. Someone
> might say that this would mean virtually accepting "UK" as synonym for
> "GB" - and this might be regarded as a very bad move.

No. It makes a mess.

While many users regrettably don't know that UK is not the country code =
to use in language tags, allowing both as synonyms makes life a lot =
harder for the kinds of processes that language tags are designed for.

For example, in a web page, if I use the CSS :lang pseudo attribute to =
assign a style to content in a particular language:

  p:lang(en-GB) {  color: blue; }

Then the user agent (for example) has to perform complex matching of =
tags in the document to see if the rule should be applied.

  <p xml:lang=3D"en-UK-x-example">This text is blue?</p>

Processes that currently rely on left-prefix matching (which is to say, =
nearly all of them) must now normalize both requests (in this case the =
CSS rule) and content (in this case the XHTML).

One of the nice benefits of having a registry is that users at least can =
look up the valid values somewhere and not have to go to four or five =
places not identified by the standard to find out what to use.

> But after all, metadata is about giving information about data, and if =
an
> author labels his data as, say, applying to country "UK" or being in
> language "en-UK", shouldn't we work by what we know he must have =
_meant_,
> instead of just blowing horns and sending error messages around?

Well, RFC 3066 matching by non-validating processors does work with =
those tags, from the point of view that if you ONLY use en-UK then all =
is well. If you don't want to know the meaning of the tag, then "en-UK" =
works as a blob of identifier. RFC 3066bis even allows the unknown 'UK' =
subtag to be recognized unambiguously as a region. If you care about the =
meaning of the subtag, then it becomes important, though. And content =
authors or end users who use "en-UK" will not find all of the content =
that they "know" they are asking for but which the machines, poor little =
grasshoppers, can't match to the more proper 'GB' subtag.

Don't forget: this isn't just a few tags that we're talking about here. =
This processing would have to be applied to ALL tags and ranges. And no =
doubt where we allow one exception there will be others. Lots of tags =
for the same thing makes life easy on content authors, who don't have to =
learn anything, but makes life much harder for implementations or, =
ultimately, the much larger audience of end users.

Best Regards,

Addison


Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Jukka K. Korpela
> Sent: jeudi 31 mars 2005 08:37
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: 3166-1 state machine
>=20
> On Tue, 29 Mar 2005, Doug Ewell wrote:
>=20
> > > For some time I thought that en-UK is correct... :-(  Maybe I
> > > confuse it with a locale.  Google claims to have 300,000 hits
> > > for "en-uk" (quoted), most of them probably irrelevant.
> >
> > That's not evidence of ccTLDs in language tags, that's just an =
error.
> > :-)
>=20
> Well, yes, it is an error, but a common one. Even the Dublin Core
> documents have contained it, e.g.
> http://dublincore.org/documents/1999/07/02/dces/
> (the current version has it fixed to en-GB).
>=20
> The error is understandable, since the official name of the country is
> "United Kingdom" (long form: "United Kingdom of Great Britain and =
Northern
> Ireland"). Besides, the official European Union policy is to use "UK" =
as
> the country code (otherwise using ISO 3166 except for Greece).
>=20
> Is there a point after which erroneous usage becomes common enough to =
be
> taken so seriously that it be recognized? That would mean keeping "UK" =
as
> country code unassigned (reserved) and treating any use of "UK" as =
country
> code as an error in principle but with the error recovery that it is
> interpreted (perhaps with a warning) to mean 'United Kingdom'. Someone
> might say that this would mean virtually accepting "UK" as synonym for
> "GB" - and this might be regarded as a very bad move.
>=20
> But after all, metadata is about giving information about data, and if =
an
> author labels his data as, say, applying to country "UK" or being in
> language "en-UK", shouldn't we work by what we know he must have =
_meant_,
> instead of just blowing horns and sending error messages around?
>=20
> --
> Jukka "Yucca" Korpela, http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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> Transliteration seems like it might be handled using script codes in a gross sense. For the
> finer sense this draft wants to convey, an extension seems like a better fit. 

Script are not sufficient. Examples:

 <span lang="zh-widegiles">Peking</span>
 <span lang="zh-pinyin">Beijing</span>

Regards
Tomas


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 31 13:29:11 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
Date: Thu, 31 Mar 2005 10:22:10 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
Thread-Index: AcU2HNGClNeGLJoCS0KCNCtW/V3OcQAAGANA
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "M.T. Carrasco Benitez" <mtcarrascob@yahoo.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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No, I understood that script would only be a gross indicator of a =
transliteration and a rather inexact one at that. "zh-Latn" would cover =
both of your examples, but wouldn't convey much information about the =
content.

However, using variants complicates matters. The transformation applied =
to the text is only one dimension of the content. It may still have a =
language ("zh"), a dialect (in 3066ter a 639-3 extland code, such as =
wuu???), a script (Grek, Latn, Hant, etc.), a region (CN, HK, SG, =
TW...), and a variant not related to the transformation itself. These =
may be as important to tag the content with as the transformation =
applied.

Extensions allow this kind of semi-orthogonal, language-related =
distinction to be applied. Consider:

  zh-wuu-CN-t-wadegile

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of M.T. Carrasco Benitez
> Sent: jeudi 31 mars 2005 10:08
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
>=20
> > Transliteration seems like it might be handled using script codes in =
a
> gross sense. For the
> > finer sense this draft wants to convey, an extension seems like a =
better
> fit.
>=20
> Script are not sufficient. Examples:
>=20
>  <span lang=3D"zh-widegiles">Peking</span>
>  <span lang=3D"zh-pinyin">Beijing</span>
>=20
> Regards
> Tomas
>=20
>=20
> Send instant messages to your online friends =
http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 31 13:34:08 2005
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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> As far as language tags go, what one would be naming would be the *result*
> of applying such a transformation,

I agree. LTRU should only be concerned with tagging result.
 
> My main concern is that the actual variants used for transliterations not be
> a disaster like the IANA charset repository, where people can't tell what
> the registry is describing. The plan is for transliterations to be added to
> CLDR at some point, and that would provide stable, predictable IDs that
> could be used for variants. I suggest that we not try to incorporate
> transliteration variants prematurely. For some more formal, structured
> mechanism of describing the variants, it would a perfect case for the
> extension mechanism proposed in the draft, where some other RFC could have
> something like ru-Latn-t-ungegn-t-en.

The proposal is to forseen the requirement in the syntax. LTRU should only be
concerned with the list of "transformation identifier". Example:

# Transformations
transformation | widegile | | yyyy-mm-dd | |
transformation | pinyin| | yyyy-mm-dd | |

The Registry of Schemes for Language Transformation (out of scope of LTRU)
should address the description of the transformation. Example:

%%
id:widegile
sourcelang:zh
targetlang:en
uri:http://somewhere.xxx/speficationofwidegiles
foo:foo
%%
id:pinyin
sourcelang:zh
targetlang:en
uri:http://somewhereelse.xxx/speficationofpinyin
foo:foo
%%

This registry should not address the methodology of the transformation. It should
just point with the URI to the entity maintaining the methodology.

Regards
Tomas


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From: "M.T. Carrasco Benitez" <mtcarrascob@yahoo.com>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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> However, using variants complicates matters. The transformation applied to the text is only one
> dimension of the content. It may still have a language ("zh"), a dialect (in 3066ter a 639-3
> extland code, such as wuu???), a script (Grek, Latn, Hant, etc.), a region (CN, HK, SG, TW...),
> and a variant not related to the transformation itself. These may be as important to tag the
> content with as the transformation applied.
> 
> Extensions allow this kind of semi-orthogonal, language-related distinction to be applied.
> Consider:
> 
>   zh-wuu-CN-t-wadegile

Corrent. This the requirement. I do not know if this would be the appropiate syntax.

Regards
Tomas


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> uri:http://somewhere.xxx/speficationofwidegiles


That very policy has been a disaster with IANA charsets. The references
don't supply a complete description, or are not stable. That's why I thin=
k
this is premature.

=E2=80=8EMark

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "M.T. Carrasco Benitez" <mtcarrascob@yahoo.com>
To: <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, March 31, 2005 10:33
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation


> > As far as language tags go, what one would be naming would be the
*result*
> > of applying such a transformation,
>
> I agree. LTRU should only be concerned with tagging result.
>
> > My main concern is that the actual variants used for transliterations
not be
> > a disaster like the IANA charset repository, where people can't tell
what
> > the registry is describing. The plan is for transliterations to be ad=
ded
to
> > CLDR at some point, and that would provide stable, predictable IDs th=
at
> > could be used for variants. I suggest that we not try to incorporate
> > transliteration variants prematurely. For some more formal, structure=
d
> > mechanism of describing the variants, it would a perfect case for the
> > extension mechanism proposed in the draft, where some other RFC could
have
> > something like ru-Latn-t-ungegn-t-en.
>
> The proposal is to forseen the requirement in the syntax. LTRU should o=
nly
be
> concerned with the list of "transformation identifier". Example:
>
> # Transformations
> transformation | widegile | | yyyy-mm-dd | |
> transformation | pinyin| | yyyy-mm-dd | |
>
> The Registry of Schemes for Language Transformation (out of scope of LT=
RU)
> should address the description of the transformation. Example:
>
> %%
> id:widegile
> sourcelang:zh
> targetlang:en
> uri:http://somewhere.xxx/speficationofwidegiles
> foo:foo
> %%
> id:pinyin
> sourcelang:zh
> targetlang:en
> uri:http://somewhereelse.xxx/speficationofpinyin
> foo:foo
> %%
>
> This registry should not address the methodology of the transformation.=
 It
should
> just point with the URI to the entity maintaining the methodology.
>
> Regards
> Tomas
>
>
> Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.=
com
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>



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At 19:59 31/03/2005, L.Gillam wrote:
>Also, where did you discover that Moore's law was a "joke"? Not from 
>Intel, surely? (http://www.intel.com/research/silicon/mooreslaw.htm)

Moore law applies to computers not to networks. On networks Metcalfe and 
Reeds laws are to be used as a never reached limit or as a maximum filtering.

>appily, the law of Moore does not necessarily apply.
>While applying Moore's law to every situation does not necessarily fit, 
>technology moves quickly. UDC, and its predecessor, was a good example of 
>a large system of identifiers in existence before any of the web 
>technologies. The truth, I suspect, is a consideration of technological 
>capabilities and advances alongside expectations of growth. But these are 
>both predictions, and we know what the problem with prediction is. Now, 
>you suggested that an "IANA considerations" section needs to predict how 
>many accesses such a registry will have, right? Based perhaps on the 
>frequency of access of the list that goes along with RFC 3066? Can you 
>point to somewhere that this has been done already? I'm interested in how 
>people have made such predictions in these documents - predicting system 
>loading is an interesting topic.

I have no other model to offer than existing systems. This is why I ask and 
why I worry. I do not document, I ask it to be documented. There is to date 
no other request to IANA such as some of the discussed propositions. IMHO 
the IANA is not conceptually what fits these demands. I just want to 
understand first what is the demand. This Draft is made to address specific 
application needs: I just ask how will this applications operate. What are 
the risks of usage creep.

>As a network architect, perhaps you also have good suggestions to make for 
>how to handle a distributed registry that would reduce infrastructural 
>requirements and help to fulfill such a requirement. Though you seemed to 
>dismiss John Cowan's (or somebody else's) suggestions of cacheing.

I am open to every suggestion. But first I want to understand the problem. 
Who is accessing, for what purpose, the length and the size of the 
transaction. For example caching what, where, when, for how long. I 
documented long caching in using a langtags file and yearly update???

>Is your concern purely financial?

My concern is also financial. There is a necessary compromise between cost, 
quality of the service, volume of access, procedures, ways to limiting 
traffic. I want to understand first what we are talking about. So, I ask.

> > In your reasoning, the law of Reed applies(from each language to each 
> language)
>
>If it did, we'd have a massive amount of languages based on every person 
>possibly speaking to every other person in the world. We have standards of 
>terminology in specific areas. The contrast between these 2 statements 
>seems to be very relevant to such considerations. Perhaps the former is 
>why you suggest significant loading on systems?

I am not sure that impact of every language to every language is so 
important on the resulting load (but again I have yet no real idea of when 
people will access, why, etc. and I mean in real life, not in theory: we 
all know that real use if far bigger than the supposed one). My rational is 
that when two people want to talk they talk, whatever the language. But 
obviously there is certainly an impact. If someone updates his tables every 
time it calls someone, the impact is zero, but if he does it only when he 
calls a new language, if he speaks only one language, no impact, but if he 
speaks 10 languages the impact if 10 times more, plus possible errors.

>Are you suggesting to "do away" with ASCII? Why does an ASCII solution for 
>language tagging pose a problem? The tag provides the interoperability - 
>what it "stands in place of" requires representation (its human-readable 
>name in given a language and associated data). The multilinguality of 
>which you speak would be its representation, not its tag. Call the airport 
>what you want, your luggage tag will have 3 letters and be in ASCII.

There is no use in having to enter/read something which is not on your 
keyboard. People at the Airport can type ASCII - for the time being as 
probably RFID will change many things. Not end users.

> > Lang5tag is no problem managing as such: it happens to be
> > well managed for centuries by every library. No need for the IANA.
>
>Where is it documented? How do people use it for interoperability? Who 
>ensures it is well maintained?

No one. You know the Babel symbolism: it is precisely to free people from 
the one who wanted things to be well maintained. So people are free to do 
it the way they want. So there is no single point of failure. 7520 
languages are the way to make us free from someone ensuring maintenance. 
This is for us to feel secure we found a reliable way to be stable, secure 
and innovative without having to rely on a single one, with all the 
possible cross verifications, which will insure us that our system is well 
maintained.

More complex, smarter, more work to find it? Probably yes.

>I've no experiences of libraries that use such a systems. I am also 
>intrigued by your suggestion that it's less complex than what you refer to 
>as a lang3tag, when what you identify as lang5tag seems to be an extension 
>of lang3tag.

Open a dictionary. It will tell you five things about every word, plus 
information on the meaning, nature and syntax:

- the language (on the cover)
- the script (you see it)
- where it was published (ISSN-ISBN) or the title
- the author (on the cover)
- either it is standard style by default, or it mentions the style: fam. 
pop, old, etc.

> > you are not taking care of the needs of others (like me)

There are many needs to consider.

1. application needs. The only considered needs are XML/HTML pages by W3C 
and some CLDR needs? OPES, DNS, Web Services, History, Users communities, 
CRC, etc. and innovation.

2. there is not such a thing as a "wider community". There are machines, 
bandwidth, operators, etc. These people need a budget and someone to pay 
for this budget. In the case of the IANA the budget is the ICANN budget. 
ICANN need to collect that money. I am one of those who are asked to pay. I 
suggest you access the ICANN strategic plan for the years to come 
http://nuts/strategic-plan/strategic-plan-v6.pdf and search for IANA. It 
will give you a fair understanding of what ICANN intents to pay when you 
compare the number of times RIRs, DNS and Parameters and quoted.

>What exactly are these needs that you allude to? I don't consider these to 
>be clear. A number of others have asked this also. I'm not sure people can 
>realistically take an individual's budget into consideration when they aim 
>to provide something for the wider community. Should the tail wag the dog?

Depends what is the tail what is the dog. This is precisely what I want to 
determine. Let assume that one of the self regulation of IANA load is the 
delay in getting a IANA response. Let assume that the delay is 1 minutes. 
Is this acceptable? Is this because there a lot abandon? Is this not 
draining resources on developing countries more than larger bandwidth 
countries? etc.

Again, at this time we do not discuss a solution. We just need to 
understand if there is a problem (I am surprised nobody came in saying: 
there is no problem because ....). Roughly there are comments saying "on OS 
installation" - I do not know why, nor the size of the access. But with 
usual 10 times markup this means 3 to 4 billions a year increasing. I do 
not know the size, but I tend to think the lower the size the greater the 
number of accesses?

My first real concern is why do I need the IANA for? Let take the DNS. The 
IANA delivers the Master file to the Alpha Machine and to the Internic, and 
the Whois file online. I would be very interested in IANA documenting the 
load each represents.
jfc


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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What should be considered is the result to the user. A recording or a 
transcoding resulting in the same voice-text, look the same to me? I do not 
see script difference between a voice, in Russian and a voice in English 
speaking the same way? Questions can be about the sex, accent, timber, age 
of the voice and about the speaking style? Same a short-hand or phonetic or 
icons or music or menu figures (as long as there is a common understanding 
of what means what - what is a script?)

Describing the process would be like documenting the version of Apache 
being used to show an HTML page?
jfc


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From: John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
To: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Language transformation
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Peter Constable scripsit:
> > From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On Behalf Of M.T.
> > Carrasco Benitez
> 
> 
> > We could use another term; for example, "conversion" as used by the TC46/SC2.
> > I do not recommend to use either the terms "transliteration" or "transcription"
> > as we risk to start a polemy.
> 
> I agree that "transliterations" are not as cut and dried as TC46
> makes them out to be. My only point was that there are many things
> that fall in the category of "transcription" (clearly that and not
> transliteration), such as IPA, that really aren't conversions or
> transformations.

I propose the term "trans*tions" for these unnatural acts of orthography,
thus covering transliteration, transcription, and transformation.

I further propose that the Right Thing with these is to use the
RFC 3066bis language, optional script, and variant fields, using
variants specifically chosen for the purpose:  thus Wade-Giles could
be zh-Latn-wadegiles, or just zh-wadegiles.  The English-language
trans*tion of Russian might be ru-transen or ru-Latn-transen; I think
it is unnecessary to introduce an extension feature for this purpose.

But I think it would be good to introduce an example (perhaps the
wadegiles one) into the draft, to make it clear that variants may be
orthographic as well as linguistic.

-- 
Her he asked if O'Hare Doctor tidings sent from far     John Cowan
coast and she with grameful sigh him answered that      www.ccil.org/~cowan
O'Hare Doctor in heaven was. Sad was the man that word  www.reutershealth.com
to hear that him so heavied in bowels ruthful. All      jcowan@reutershealth.com
she there told him, ruing death for friend so young,
algate sore unwilling God's rightwiseness to withsay.   Ulysses, "Oxen"

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Addison Phillips scripsit:

> However, using variants complicates matters. The transformation applied
> to the text is only one dimension of the content. It may still have
> a language ("zh"), a dialect (in 3066ter a 639-3 extland code, such
> as wuu???), a script (Grek, Latn, Hant, etc.), a region (CN, HK, SG,
> TW...), and a variant not related to the transformation itself. These
> may be as important to tag the content with as the transformation
> applied.

The variant unrelated to the trans*tion is the only issue that would
actually be a problem, and I'd like to see a RL example before I agree.

>   zh-wuu-CN-t-wadegile

FWIW, Wade-Giles romanization doesn't handle anything but Mandarin.

-- 
A: "Spiro conjectures Ex-Lax."                  John Cowan
Q: "What does Pat Nixon frost her cakes with?"  jcowan@reutershealth.com
  --"Jeopardy" for generative semanticists      http://www.ccil.org/~cowan

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From: John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
To: "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] is there some wiskey in the jar - [was: Registry in
	record-jar format]
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JFC (Jefsey) Morfin scripsit:

> Open a dictionary. It will tell you five things about every word, plus 
> information on the meaning, nature and syntax:
> 
> - the language (on the cover)
> - the script (you see it)
> - where it was published (ISSN-ISBN) or the title
> - the author (on the cover)
> - either it is standard style by default, or it mentions the style: fam. 
> pop, old, etc.

Many dictionaries do not have this last item, particularly dictionaries of
and in English, where the boundaries are extremely permeable.

-- 
John Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan
Assent may be registered by a signature, a handshake, or a click of a computer
mouse transmitted across the invisible ether of the Internet. Formality
is not a requisite; any sign, symbol or action, or even willful inaction,
as long as it is unequivocally referable to the promise, may create a contract.
       --Specht v. Netscape

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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
Date: Thu, 31 Mar 2005 12:45:55 -0800
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From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On Behalf Of
> Addison Phillips


> However, using variants complicates matters. The transformation
applied to the text
> is only one dimension of the content...

The complication you site is that variants can distinguish dialectal
variants, or variants in written form (just as region subtags can
distinguish regional variations in dialect or regional variations in
written form), and the two are not distinguish (any more than they are
for region subtags).


> Extensions allow this kind of semi-orthogonal, language-related
distinction to be
> applied. Consider:
>=20
>   zh-wuu-CN-t-wadegile

I don't see why this is superior in any way to zh-wuu-CN-wadegile, and
can see reasons why it's inferior: the extension is ignorable by
anything that knows only RFC 3066bis and not some other extensions RFC.



Peter Constable




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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 31 16:26:06 2005
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From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
To: "'Peter Constable'" <petercon@microsoft.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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Peter Constable wrote:

>I don't see why this is superior in any way to zh-wuu-CN-wadegile, and can 
>see reasons why it's inferior: the extension is ignorable by anything that
> knows only RFC 3066bis and not some other extensions RFC.

Good point... unless of course the -t- is added to RFC3066bis

Debbie

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Peter Constable
Sent: 31 March 2005 21:46
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation

> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On Behalf Of
> Addison Phillips


> However, using variants complicates matters. The transformation
applied to the text
> is only one dimension of the content...

The complication you site is that variants can distinguish dialectal
variants, or variants in written form (just as region subtags can
distinguish regional variations in dialect or regional variations in
written form), and the two are not distinguish (any more than they are
for region subtags).


> Extensions allow this kind of semi-orthogonal, language-related
distinction to be
> applied. Consider:
> 
>   zh-wuu-CN-t-wadegile

I don't see why this is superior in any way to zh-wuu-CN-wadegile, and
can see reasons why it's inferior: the extension is ignorable by
anything that knows only RFC 3066bis and not some other extensions RFC.



Peter Constable




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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 31 16:30:32 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
Date: Thu, 31 Mar 2005 13:29:38 -0800
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
Thread-Index: AcU2HNGClNeGLJoCS0KCNCtW/V3OcQAAGANAAAU3z6AAAXHe0AAAJsMg
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>,
        "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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Extensions are defined in the draft. They are separated from the rest of =
the tag and identified by a singleton---a one letter subtag such as 't'. =


My examples in this thread show an extension whose identifier is 't'.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Debbie Garside
> Sent: jeudi 31 mars 2005 13:25
> To: 'Peter Constable'; ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
>=20
> Peter Constable wrote:
>=20
> >I don't see why this is superior in any way to zh-wuu-CN-wadegile, =
and
> can
> >see reasons why it's inferior: the extension is ignorable by anything
> that
> > knows only RFC 3066bis and not some other extensions RFC.
>=20
> Good point... unless of course the -t- is added to RFC3066bis
>=20
> Debbie
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Peter Constable
> Sent: 31 March 2005 21:46
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
>=20
> > From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org =
[mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
> On Behalf Of
> > Addison Phillips
>=20
>=20
> > However, using variants complicates matters. The transformation
> applied to the text
> > is only one dimension of the content...
>=20
> The complication you site is that variants can distinguish dialectal
> variants, or variants in written form (just as region subtags can
> distinguish regional variations in dialect or regional variations in
> written form), and the two are not distinguish (any more than they are
> for region subtags).
>=20
>=20
> > Extensions allow this kind of semi-orthogonal, language-related
> distinction to be
> > applied. Consider:
> >
> >   zh-wuu-CN-t-wadegile
>=20
> I don't see why this is superior in any way to zh-wuu-CN-wadegile, and
> can see reasons why it's inferior: the extension is ignorable by
> anything that knows only RFC 3066bis and not some other extensions =
RFC.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Peter Constable
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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--- Mark Davis <mark.davis@jtcsv.com> wrote:
> > uri:http://somewhere.xxx/speficationofwidegiles
> 
> 
> That very policy has been a disaster with IANA charsets. The references
> don't supply a complete description, or are not stable. That's why I think
> this is premature.

It is not realistic for LTRU to try to specify every imaginable language transformation.
The scope should be limited to provide the mechanism. The Registry for Schemes for
Language Transformation should try to maintain a minimal discipline. But at the end of
the date, it is up to the community interested in any particular transformation to take
responsability.

Regards
Tomas


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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--- "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com> wrote:
> What should be considered is the result to the user.

Yes. This is the point.

> A recording or a 
> transcoding resulting in the same voice-text, look the same to me? I do not 
> see script difference between a voice, in Russian and a voice in English 
> speaking the same way? Questions can be about the sex, accent, timber, age 
> of the voice and about the speaking style? Same a short-hand or phonetic or 
> icons or music or menu figures (as long as there is a common understanding 
> of what means what - what is a script?)
> 
> Describing the process would be like documenting the version of Apache 
> being used to show an HTML page?

There is real need for tagging transliterations and the requirements are as
discussed before.

Some of your comments above might well fall in a similar model to
transliteration; so any volunteer ? Other comments looks more like metadata,
though the language is also metadata.

Regards
Tomas


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
Date: Thu, 31 Mar 2005 14:20:15 -0800
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Thread-Index: AcU2PuQB4aKkYQBxTsaFY1cpijwDzQAALQpQ
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "M.T. Carrasco Benitez" <mtcarrascob@yahoo.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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So let me understand...

Are you proposing to create a *separate* standard for tagging =
transliterations of content with its own registry? Or are you proposing =
the inclusion of these items into language tags proper?

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of M.T. Carrasco Benitez
> Sent: jeudi 31 mars 2005 14:12
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
>=20
> --- "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com> wrote:
> > What should be considered is the result to the user.
>=20
> Yes. This is the point.
>=20
> > A recording or a
> > transcoding resulting in the same voice-text, look the same to me? I =
do
> not
> > see script difference between a voice, in Russian and a voice in =
English
> > speaking the same way? Questions can be about the sex, accent, =
timber,
> age
> > of the voice and about the speaking style? Same a short-hand or =
phonetic
> or
> > icons or music or menu figures (as long as there is a common
> understanding
> > of what means what - what is a script?)
> >
> > Describing the process would be like documenting the version of =
Apache
> > being used to show an HTML page?
>=20
> There is real need for tagging transliterations and the requirements =
are
> as
> discussed before.
>=20
> Some of your comments above might well fall in a similar model to
> transliteration; so any volunteer ? Other comments looks more like
> metadata,
> though the language is also metadata.
>=20
> Regards
> Tomas
>=20
>=20
> Send instant messages to your online friends =
http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
>=20
> _______________________________________________
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> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From: "M.T. Carrasco Benitez" <mtcarrascob@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Language transformation
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--- John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com> wrote:
> I propose the term "trans*tions" for these unnatural acts of orthography,
> thus covering transliteration, transcription, and transformation.

"trans*tions" would probably create more confusion than "transformation";
this last term covers both transliteration and transcription. TC46/SC2 uses
the term "convertion" with the intention of covering also boths aspects. 

The term that most people associate with these unnatural acts is
"transliteration". To use this we just have to:

 - Define it to cover also transcription and similar nuances.
 - Resist the attack of the purists.
 
> I further propose that the Right Thing with these is to use the
> RFC 3066bis language, optional script, and variant fields, using
> variants specifically chosen for the purpose:  thus Wade-Giles could
> be zh-Latn-wadegiles, or just zh-wadegiles.  The English-language
> trans*tion of Russian might be ru-transen or ru-Latn-transen; I think
> it is unnecessary to introduce an extension feature for this purpose.
> 
> But I think it would be good to introduce an example (perhaps the
> wadegiles one) into the draft, to make it clear that variants may be
> orthographic as well as linguistic.

On purpose, I was staying away from the syntax. Now I am going to have
a harder look to the syntax.

Regards
Tomas


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From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
To: "'Addison Phillips'" <addison.phillips@quest.com>,
        "'M.T. Carrasco Benitez'" <mtcarrascob@yahoo.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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Addison Phillips wrote:

>Extensions are defined in the draft. They are separated from the rest of 
>the tag and identified by a singleton---a one letter subtag such as 't'. 

>My examples in this thread show an extension whose identifier is 't'.

So... under section 3.4 a -t/T- singleton could be registered as defining
transliteration subtags from the outset?

Debbie


-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Addison Phillips
Sent: 31 March 2005 23:20
To: M.T. Carrasco Benitez; ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation

So let me understand...

Are you proposing to create a *separate* standard for tagging
transliterations of content with its own registry? Or are you proposing the
inclusion of these items into language tags proper?

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of M.T. Carrasco Benitez
> Sent: jeudi 31 mars 2005 14:12
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
> 
> --- "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com> wrote:
> > What should be considered is the result to the user.
> 
> Yes. This is the point.
> 
> > A recording or a
> > transcoding resulting in the same voice-text, look the same to me? I do
> not
> > see script difference between a voice, in Russian and a voice in English
> > speaking the same way? Questions can be about the sex, accent, timber,
> age
> > of the voice and about the speaking style? Same a short-hand or phonetic
> or
> > icons or music or menu figures (as long as there is a common
> understanding
> > of what means what - what is a script?)
> >
> > Describing the process would be like documenting the version of Apache
> > being used to show an HTML page?
> 
> There is real need for tagging transliterations and the requirements are
> as
> discussed before.
> 
> Some of your comments above might well fall in a similar model to
> transliteration; so any volunteer ? Other comments looks more like
> metadata,
> though the language is also metadata.
> 
> Regards
> Tomas
> 
> 
> Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 31 17:46:07 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
Date: Thu, 31 Mar 2005 14:44:50 -0800
Message-ID: <634978A7DF025A40BFEF33EB191E13BC0AD17F1B@irvmbxw01.quest.com>
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
Thread-Index: AcU2PuQB4aKkYQBxTsaFY1cpijwDzQAALQpQAAChZbAAAApP0A==
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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Yes, or at least from nearly the outset: the RFC would be adopted first. =
Then section 3.4 could be used to define -t/T- as a singleton for a =
transmutation extension.

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Debbie Garside [mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk]
> Sent: jeudi 31 mars 2005 14:37
> To: Addison Phillips; 'M.T. Carrasco Benitez'; ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
>=20
> Addison Phillips wrote:
>=20
> >Extensions are defined in the draft. They are separated from the rest =
of
> >the tag and identified by a singleton---a one letter subtag such as =
't'.
>=20
> >My examples in this thread show an extension whose identifier is 't'.
>=20
> So... under section 3.4 a -t/T- singleton could be registered as =
defining
> transliteration subtags from the outset?
>=20
> Debbie
>=20
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of Addison Phillips
> Sent: 31 March 2005 23:20
> To: M.T. Carrasco Benitez; ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
>=20
> So let me understand...
>=20
> Are you proposing to create a *separate* standard for tagging
> transliterations of content with its own registry? Or are you =
proposing
> the
> inclusion of these items into language tags proper?
>=20
> Addison
>=20
> Addison P. Phillips
> Globalization Architect, Quest Software
> Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group
>=20
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org =
[mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
> On
> > Behalf Of M.T. Carrasco Benitez
> > Sent: jeudi 31 mars 2005 14:12
> > To: ltru@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
> >
> > --- "JFC (Jefsey) Morfin" <jefsey@jefsey.com> wrote:
> > > What should be considered is the result to the user.
> >
> > Yes. This is the point.
> >
> > > A recording or a
> > > transcoding resulting in the same voice-text, look the same to me? =
I
> do
> > not
> > > see script difference between a voice, in Russian and a voice in
> English
> > > speaking the same way? Questions can be about the sex, accent, =
timber,
> > age
> > > of the voice and about the speaking style? Same a short-hand or
> phonetic
> > or
> > > icons or music or menu figures (as long as there is a common
> > understanding
> > > of what means what - what is a script?)
> > >
> > > Describing the process would be like documenting the version of =
Apache
> > > being used to show an HTML page?
> >
> > There is real need for tagging transliterations and the requirements =
are
> > as
> > discussed before.
> >
> > Some of your comments above might well fall in a similar model to
> > transliteration; so any volunteer ? Other comments looks more like
> > metadata,
> > though the language is also metadata.
> >
> > Regards
> > Tomas
> >
> >
> > Send instant messages to your online friends
> http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru



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From: "M.T. Carrasco Benitez" <mtcarrascob@yahoo.com>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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--- Addison Phillips <addison.phillips@quest.com> wrote:
> So let me understand...
> 
> Are you proposing to create a *separate* standard for tagging transliterations of content with
> its own registry? Or are you proposing the inclusion of these items into language tags proper?

Transliteration should in the language tag proper. But LTRU should only provide the mechanism
for including transliteration in the language tag. Example (pseudo-code):

 zh-wadegiles

As proposed in section 4 of "Codes for language transformation"
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ltru/current/msg00387.html

"Two registries are need: 
    
 - IANA  
 - Schemes for Language Transformation"

Lets call "wadegiles" the "transliteration identifier". As commented in a previous message,
the IANA register should contain the list of unique transliteration identifier. Example:

# Transformations
transformation | widegile | | yyyy-mm-dd | |
transformation | pinyin| | yyyy-mm-dd | |

The Registry of Schemes for Language Transformation (out of scope of LTRU)
should address the description of the transformation. Example:

%%
id:widegile
sourcelang:zh
targetlang:en
uri:http://somewhere.xxx/speficationofwidegiles
foo:foo
%%
id:pinyin
sourcelang:zh
targetlang:en
uri:http://somewhereelse.xxx/speficationofpinyin
foo:foo
%%

This registry should not address the methodology of the transformation. It should
just point with the URI to the entity maintaining the methodology.

Regards
Tomas


Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com 

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Mar 31 18:01:19 2005
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
Date: Thu, 31 Mar 2005 15:00:42 -0800
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
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Okay, I understand. It wasn't clear to me previously which way you =
wanted to go.

Some pointers and comments, then.

First, for backward compatibility reasons subtags in language tags are =
limited to eight characters (so 'wadegile', not 'wadegiles').

Then, I would point out that 3066bis as it sits defines a complete =
syntax for language tags. The subtags are broken out according to type =
and are identifiable by length and position in the tag.

As John Cowan pointed out, we could have an orthographic variation such =
as transliteration as an example of the variant type in the 3066bis =
document. At present the only subtag type that can accommodate =
transformation subtags would be registered variants. And variants =
subtags must be defined in the language subtag registry to be valid in a =
language tag.

Syntax of the language tags and the interrelation between different =
subtags is actually quite critical to progress of the 3066bis draft. I =
would urge you to consider the current design carefully and think about =
how your proposal could either fit into the existing design or how to =
adapt the designs to one-another.

I think that the options for what you want to do would be:

a) add a new subtag type, distinguished from variants in some form, with =
additional verbiage in the 3066bis draft describing any additional =
information and usage information for that type

b) don't distinguish transformations per-se, just register variants for =
the different ones you're interested in on an ad hoc basis under 3066bis

c) write an extension per the rules in 3066bis, which would allow you to =
have a separate registry and syntax for the subtags and use them in =
language tags

I would very strongly oppose (a), personally, as I don't see =
transformations as being significantly different from other language =
variations to warrant greatly complicating the design of language tags =
further. You may (or may not) find (b) to be sufficient to your needs.

Thanks,

Addison

Addison P. Phillips
Globalization Architect, Quest Software
Chair, W3C Internationalization Core Working Group

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org] =
On
> Behalf Of M.T. Carrasco Benitez
> Sent: jeudi 31 mars 2005 14:47
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
>=20
> --- Addison Phillips <addison.phillips@quest.com> wrote:
> > So let me understand...
> >
> > Are you proposing to create a *separate* standard for tagging
> transliterations of content with
> > its own registry? Or are you proposing the inclusion of these items =
into
> language tags proper?
>=20
> Transliteration should in the language tag proper. But LTRU should =
only
> provide the mechanism
> for including transliteration in the language tag. Example =
(pseudo-code):
>=20
>  zh-wadegiles
>=20
> As proposed in section 4 of "Codes for language transformation"
> http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ltru/current/msg00387.html
>=20
> "Two registries are need:
>=20
>  - IANA
>  - Schemes for Language Transformation"
>=20
> Lets call "wadegiles" the "transliteration identifier". As commented =
in a
> previous message,
> the IANA register should contain the list of unique transliteration
> identifier. Example:
>=20
> # Transformations
> transformation | widegile | | yyyy-mm-dd | |
> transformation | pinyin| | yyyy-mm-dd | |
>=20
> The Registry of Schemes for Language Transformation (out of scope of =
LTRU)
> should address the description of the transformation. Example:
>=20
> %%
> id:widegile
> sourcelang:zh
> targetlang:en
> uri:http://somewhere.xxx/speficationofwidegiles
> foo:foo
> %%
> id:pinyin
> sourcelang:zh
> targetlang:en
> uri:http://somewhereelse.xxx/speficationofpinyin
> foo:foo
> %%
>=20
> This registry should not address the methodology of the =
transformation. It
> should
> just point with the URI to the entity maintaining the methodology.
>=20
> Regards
> Tomas
>=20
>=20
> Send instant messages to your online friends =
http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Language transformation
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From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@lists.ietf.org]
On Behalf Of M.T.
> Carrasco Benitez


> > That very policy has been a disaster with IANA charsets. The
references
> > don't supply a complete description, or are not stable. That's why I
think
> > this is premature.
>=20
> It is not realistic for LTRU to try to specify every imaginable
language transformation.
> The scope should be limited to provide the mechanism. The Registry for
Schemes for
> Language Transformation should try to maintain a minimal discipline.
But at the end
> of
> the date, it is up to the community interested in any particular
transformation to take
> responsability.

Let's be clear about the difference between documenting and providing
some identifier for "transformations" on the one hand, and providing
tags to declare the linguistic variety and form of content that may
result from such "transformations" on the other.=20

Only the latter is relevant for RFC 3066bis; I will assume RFC 3066bis
as proposed will be sufficient for such purposes unless scenarios
suggesting otherwise can be provided.

I'd have to take another look at the charter to see if the former is
reasonably within scope for LTRU, but it doesn't seem unreasonable that
it could be.



Peter Constable

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M.T. Carrasco Benitez <mtcarrascob at yahoo dot com> wrote:

> By the way, Armenians are celebrating this year the 1600th anniversary
> of their script. It would be nice to go to the "Targmanchats Ton"
> (translators day). This is a case of very successful standardisation:
> would LTRU be here in 1600 years ?  -:)

Well, certainly not the working group.  We're only chartered to do 2
documents, and the second is scheduled to go into Last Call this August.

If you mean, "Will the revised language tagging standard exist and be
relevant in 1600 years?" the answer is probably no.  But then, most
technology standards don't last as long as most writing systems, so that
seems an odd comparison.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Peter Constable <petercon at microsoft dot com> wrote:

>> Is there a point after which erroneous usage becomes common enough to
>> be taken so seriously that it be recognized?
>
> Certainly a valid question for a case like "UK". It is one thing
> to specify what is *supposed* to be done; it is another for
> implementations to actually support de facto practice.

I can certainly imagine an language-tag-generating application being
kind and forgiving enough to replace 'UK' with 'GB'.  That would be up
to the application, though, not part of the standard.

-Doug Ewell
 Fullerton, California
 http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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