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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Fri Dec 02 06:26:31 2005
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Date: Fri, 02 Dec 2005 18:35:08 +0900
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Subject: [Ltru] Schedule of matching draft, charter update
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Dear LTRU WG, hello Scott,

Checking our charter at
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html,
I found that it's slightly out of date.

We have four milestones, three of them completed.
The fourth reads:

Oct 05	  	Submit matching algorithms draft for IETF Last Call

Given that we are already in December, this is unrealistic.
I'm planning to ask our AD for an extension. I'd like your
input on whether I should propose Dec 05 or Jan 06. We may
be able to do things in Dec 05, but it will be very tight.

Regards,    Martin. 


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Fri Dec 02 06:26:32 2005
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Date: Fri, 02 Dec 2005 18:23:31 +0900
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	"John.Cowan" <jcowan@reutershealth.com>, <ltru@ietf.org>
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Subject: Drafty draft -08.txt (was: RE: [Ltru] The special status of
	i-default in lookup)
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At 08:00 05/12/02, Addison Phillips wrote:
 >I've done my best to edit in both (Martin's version of) John's suggestion
 >below and (Martin's version of) Harald's suggestion regarding
 >implementation. I added Harald's text to Section 3.1 "Choosing Types of
 >Matching".
 >
 >The modified version is now hosted as "Editor's Copy" on inter-locale.com. See:
 >
 >http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-08.txt
 >http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-08.html
 >http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-08.xml
 >
 >I made a few other edits as well, mostly cleanup of the English and bugfix.
 >Any comments before I submit this?

[co-chair hat (mostly) off]
I have been reading 07.txt in detail, and am about half through.
I plan to finish and write things up over the weekend.

[co-chair hat on]

I very much encourage anybody else to also send comments on
this draft. I'd propose that you wait another few days for
another submission.

Regards,   Martin. 


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Fri Dec 02 06:42:23 2005
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Hardly practical to choose the 12th day of Christmas, Martin!:-) Perhaps
one week later?
mg

Scr=EDobh Martin Duerst:
> ...
> Given that we are already in December, this is unrealistic.
> I'm planning to ask our AD for an extension. I'd like your
> input on whether I should propose Dec 05 or Jan 06. We may
> be able to do things in Dec 05, but it will be very tight.
>=20
> Regards,    Martin

--=20

Marion Gunn * EGTeo (Estab.1991)
27 P=E1irc an Fh=E9ithlinn, Baile an=20
Bh=F3thair, Co. =C1tha Cliath, =C9ire.
* mgunn@egt.ie * eamonn@egt.ie *

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Schedule of matching draft, charter update
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Marion Gunn scripsit:

> Hardly practical to choose the 12th day of Christmas, Martin!:-) Perhaps
> one week later?

I think Martin means "January 2006" rather than "6 January 2006".

-- 
John Cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com  www.reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan
This great college [Trinity], of this ancient university [Cambridge],
has seen some strange sights. It has seen Wordsworth drunk and Porson
sober. And here am I, a better poet than Porson, and a better scholar
than Wordsworth, somewhere betwixt and between.  --A.E. Housman

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Yes, we really have to get this done, so we should have an absolute=20
requirement of early enough in January that we make any other dates we ne=
ed.

Mark

Addison Phillips wrote:

>Given that a WG last call starting tomorrow (shall we call that unlikely=
?) will abut the end of year holidays, I think it prudent to ask for Janu=
ary.
>
>That said, I'd like it to be *early* in January, if at all possible.....
>
>Addison
>
>Addison P. Phillips
>Globalization Architect, Quest Software
>
>Internationalization is not a feature.
>It is an architecture.=20
>
> =20
>
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>>Martin Duerst
>>Sent: 2005=E5=B9=B412=E6=9C=882=E6=97=A5 1:35
>>To: LTRU Working Group; Scott Hollenbeck
>>Subject: [Ltru] Schedule of matching draft, charter update
>>
>>Dear LTRU WG, hello Scott,
>>
>>Checking our charter at
>>http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html,
>>I found that it's slightly out of date.
>>
>>We have four milestones, three of them completed.
>>The fourth reads:
>>
>>Oct 05	  	Submit matching algorithms draft for IETF Last Call
>>
>>Given that we are already in December, this is unrealistic.
>>I'm planning to ask our AD for an extension. I'd like your
>>input on whether I should propose Dec 05 or Jan 06. We may
>>be able to do things in Dec 05, but it will be very tight.
>>
>>Regards,    Martin.
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>Ltru mailing list
>>Ltru@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>>   =20
>>
>>-----------------------------------------------------------------------=
-
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>Ltru mailing list
>>Ltru@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>>   =20
>>


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    more granular matching scheme

=3D>

    more fine-grained matching scheme

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

    the set of language ranges in a language priority list

=3D>

    the list of language ranges in a language priority list
    [list, since it is ordered]

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

    a case insensitive manner

=3D>

    a case-insensitive manner
    [missing hyphens in compound adjectives]

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

    Implementations might also wish to use semantic information external

=3D>

    Implementations MAY use semantic information external

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

    private-use subtags MAY be specified in the language range and MUST
    NOT be ignored when matching.

=3D>

    Private-use subtags MAY be specified in the language range and MUST
    NOT be ignored when matching.

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

    Implementations or protocols sometimes might wish to use more
    sophisticated weights

=3D>

    Implementations or protocols MAY use more sophisticated weights

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

    The language range "*" matches any language tag. In the lookup
    scheme, this language range does not convey enough information to
    determine which content is most appropriate. If this language range
    is the only one in the language priority list, it matches the
    default content. If this language range is followed by other
    language ranges, it should be skipped.

=3D>

    The language range wildcard "*" matches any language tag. Since only
    one item can be returned for any given lookup request, the wildcard
    must be processed in a predictable manner (or the same request might
    produce widely varying results). Where more than one piece of
    content would be returned, then the implementation MUST specify the
    method used to determine the result.

    For example, it could specify that if "*" is the only range in the
    language priority list, it matches the default content, while if "*"
    is followed by other language ranges, it is skipped.
    [2nd sentence is replaced by better language (copied from a few
    paragraphs below). Method transformed to example, since it should
    not be normative]

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

    Wildcard values in an extended language range are supposed to match
    any value that occurs in that position in a language tag. Since only
    one item can be returned for any given lookup request, the wildcards
    must be processed in a predictable manner (or the same request might
    produce widely varying results). Thus, for each range in the
    language priority list, the following rules must be applied to
    produce a basic language range for use in the fallback mechanism

    ...*
    Figure 10: Extended Language Range Fallback Example *

=3D>

    Wildcard values in an extended language range are supposed to match
    any value that occurs in that position in a language tag. Since only
    one item can be returned for any given lookup request, the wildcards
    must be processed in a predictable manner (or the same request might
    produce widely varying results). Where more than one piece of
    content would be returned, then the implementation MUST specify the
    method used to determine the result.
    [The method supplied in the document doesn't match reasonable user
    expections, as stated earlier. Since we can't agree, leave it up to
    the implemention.]

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

Addison Phillips wrote:

>I've done my best to edit in both (Martin's version of) John's suggestio=
n below and (Martin's version of) Harald's suggestion regarding implement=
ation. I added Harald's text to Section 3.1 "Choosing Types of Matching".
>
>The modified version is now hosted as "Editor's Copy" on inter-locale.co=
m. See:
>
>http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-08.txt=20
>http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-08.html
>http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-08.xml
>
>I made a few other edits as well, mostly cleanup of the English and bugf=
ix. Any comments before I submit this?
>
>The diff, by the way, can be viewed using this URI:
>
>http://tinyurl.com/83cge
>
>(or, if you prefer, the full URI follows)
>
>http://tools.ietf.org/tools/rfcdiff/rfcdiff.pyht?url1=3Dhttp://www.inter=
-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-07.txt&url2=3Dhttp://www.inter-lo=
cale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-08.txt
>
>Addison
>
>Addison P. Phillips
>Globalization Architect, Quest Software
>
>Internationalization is not a feature.
>It is an architecture.=20
>
> =20
>
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>>Martin Duerst
>>Sent: 2005=E5=B9=B411=E6=9C=8823=E6=97=A5 19:20
>>To: John.Cowan; ltru@ietf.org
>>Subject: Re: [Ltru] The special status of i-default in lookup
>>
>>Hello John,
>>
>>   =20
>>
>
>[Addison Phillips] deleted extraneous text
> =20
>
>>I propose to change it to this:
>> > When performing lookup using a language priority list, the progressi=
ve
>> > search MUST proceed to consider each language range before finding
>> > the default content or empty tag. The default content might be conte=
nt
>> > with no language tag (or with an empty value, as with xml:lang in th=
e
>> > XML specification), or it might be a particular language designated
>> > for that bit of content, or it might be labeled as i-default [RFC 22=
77].
>>
>>
>>Regards,    Martin.
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>Ltru mailing list
>>Ltru@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>>   =20
>>
>>-----------------------------------------------------------------------=
-
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>Ltru mailing list
>>Ltru@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>>   =20
>>


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Subject: [Ltru] editorial comments on draft-07 (part 1)
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[chair hat off]
These are my editorial comments on draft-ietf-ltru-matching-07.
Some may be duplicates of things already fixed.

General:
Some of the examples appear as "Figures". But the numbers are
not consecutive. None of the examples are really figures, and
they are all completely integrated into the text, so I propose
no not use any 'figure' stuff. (things might look slightly
different in the HTML version, but it's the ASCII version
that ultimately counts)

Abstract:
- should contain the words 'filtering' and 'lookup'

Section 1, second para, 1st sentence: "Information ... need ..."
   need -> needs

Section 1, End: Please given a short overview over the document.

Section 2, first para, last sentence: "These": It's not clear
what "These" refers to.

Section 2.1: Lists of Language Ranges:
- We are using the term "Language Priority List", so probably
   better to use it in title, too.
- This section should come after 2.3, or possibly even after
   2.4 (if after 2.3, then 2.4 might be renamed to "Choosing Language Ranges"
- second para: A ... List" consists of ... a ... list:
   'consists of' -> is
- last para: 'include considerations': If we don't define any actual
   syntax, we should clearly say so:
   "This document does not define any syntax for a "Language Priority List";
   defining such a syntax is the responsibility of the
   protocol/implementation/application." [see separate mail]

Section 2.2: Basic Language Range
- "A basic language range is identified by its 'language range' tag...":
   I think we should call tags tags, and ranges ranges.
- Refers to RFC 2616 for 'language-tag'. We should say that this
   is equivalent (in whatever way it is, probably just well-formed)
   to a language-tag from RFC3066bis.
- last para: 'as simply a "language range"' -> 'simply as "languge ranges"'
   (make numbers agree)

Section 2.3: Extended Language Range
- First line of ABNF looks as if it were part of text. Add some space
   before ABNF, and make sure at least comment alligns.
- last paragraph: We have two MAYs here. These get combined with
   the MAYs in the various matching scheme sections. And then this
   gets combined with the implementation/protocol/application issue.
   It may be worth checking whether the various matching sections
   do not already cover, in one way or another, the MAYs in this
   section, and if they do so almost but not quite, whether we
   could not fix it.

Section 2.4: Coosing a language range
- first para: "for given user" -> "for a given user"
- A lot of the advice in this section is dependent on which
   matching scheme is used. It should therefore be moved to
   section 4.
- 3rd para: 'orthogonal': What does that mean in this context?
- 3rd para: 'users SHOULD avoid using these subtags': True
   for filtering, wrong for lookup. Overall, we should be
   clearer and say that for filtering, use the shortest
   possible tags, or add shorter tags as an alternative to
   longer ones [the text from the HTTP spec about adding 'en'
   if you have 'en-GB' could be reused], but for lookup,
   use longest possible tags to make sure you get your
   preferred selection if it is available.
- 4th para: Having a numbered list here doesn't make sense,
   it looks like just a continuation of the first three
   paragraphs.
- 4th para: 'users SHOULD note': if there is anything
   relevant to interoperability that users should DO, then
   say so. But please try to avoid SHOULD for 'note'.
- 4th para, 1.: "Implementations ... SHOULD ...": this
   belongs into the relevant matching scheme sections,
   not in the section about user advice. Same for the
   rest of the numbered list.
- 4th para, 2., last sentence:
   "... if services ... would ..." => "... to services ... that ..."
- 4th para, 3.: "the one of the": remove first 'the'

Section 3, first para: "types of matching scheme" =>
   "types of matching schemes"

Section 3.1 Choosing a type of matching
- second para: "one might use" => "one can use"
- numbered list: I think it would be better to have four
      items here, making lookup the fourth, and change the
      introductory sentence to "This document describes three
      types of filtering and one type of lookup:" or
      "This document defines the following matching schemes:".
- numbered list, 2.: 'implementations' [see separate mail]
- numbered list, 3.: "using either basic or extended language
      ranges": I haven't found an option 'basic range only'
      in Scored Filtering. If there is, it wouldn't make
      sense to me, actually. So I propose we remove this
      phrase, or change it to "using extended langugage ranges".

- first para after numbered list: "when each request MUST":
      From the viewpoint of our spec, this is just a precondition.
      So a MUST is inappropriate.


Part two to follow tomorrow.      Regards,    Martin. 


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[co-chair hat off]

I have earlier raised an issue about the words
'application' and 'protocol'. I don't think
I talked about 'implementation' then, but that
word is also all over the place, without ever
being clearly grounded.

I propose that we add an explanation somewhere
at the end of section 1. The following text is
a first attempt, I'm sure it can be improved:

The matching schemes defined in this document can
be used by (Internet) protocols, or, in cases where
there is no protocol, directly by applications.
Depending on the matching scheme, there are
various options left to the implementation.
This means that the option is left to the protocol
if the matching scheme is used by a protocol, or
directly by the application in case there is no
protocol. If there is a protocol, the protocol may
select some options, and my leave others open
to implementers of that protocol.

Not sure the text above is very good, but I hope you
at least get the idea I wanted to put out.

Regards,   Martin. 


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	Addison Phillips <addison.phillips@quest.com>
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	of i-default in lookup)
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Hello Mark, others,

I have taken the liberty to change the subject.

My personal comments, as a technical contributor,
below.

At 11:39 05/12/03, Mark Davis wrote:
 >    more granular matching scheme
 >
 >=>
 >
 >    more fine-grained matching scheme

I wanted to complain about not knowing which
way 'granular' goes several times. Thanks for
proposing a good solution.

 >=====
 >
 >    the set of language ranges in a language priority list
 >
 >=>
 >
 >    the list of language ranges in a language priority list
 >    [list, since it is ordered]

great fix

 >=====
 >
 >    a case insensitive manner
 >
 >=>
 >
 >    a case-insensitive manner
 >    [missing hyphens in compound adjectives]

ok

 >=====
 >
 >    Implementations might also wish to use semantic information external
 >
 >=>
 >
 >    Implementations MAY use semantic information external

I also didn't like 'might' (there are overall still too many
conditonals in the text), but I'm not totally sure increasing
the number of MAYs is a good thing. But it's probably okay here.

 >=====
 >
 >    private-use subtags MAY be specified in the language range and MUST
 >    NOT be ignored when matching.
 >
 >=>
 >
 >    Private-use subtags MAY be specified in the language range and MUST
 >    NOT be ignored when matching.

ok


 >=====
 >
 >    Implementations or protocols sometimes might wish to use more
 >    sophisticated weights
 >
 >=>
 >
 >    Implementations or protocols MAY use more sophisticated weights

same as above for MAY

 >=====
 >
 >    The language range "*" matches any language tag. In the lookup
 >    scheme, this language range does not convey enough information to
 >    determine which content is most appropriate. If this language range
 >    is the only one in the language priority list, it matches the
 >    default content. If this language range is followed by other
 >    language ranges, it should be skipped.
 >
 >=>
 >
 >    The language range wildcard "*" matches any language tag.

I'm okay to use "language range wildcard", but then please
make sure this is used consistently.

 >    Since only
 >    one item can be returned for any given lookup request, the wildcard
 >    must be processed in a predictable manner (or the same request might
 >    produce widely varying results).

please avoid conditionals:
"(or the same request might produce widely varying results)"
=>
"(otherwise the same request will produce widely varying results)"

 >    Where more than one piece of
 >    content would be returned, then the implementation MUST specify the
 >    method used to determine the result.

'Where', 'would', and 'then' don't make a reasonable sentence for me.
More general, the paragraph starts with "Since only one item can be
returned", so then speaking about more than one piece is confusing.

 >    For example, it could specify that if "*" is the only range in the
 >    language priority list, it matches the default content, while if "*"
 >    is followed by other language ranges, it is skipped.
 >    [2nd sentence is replaced by better language (copied from a few
 >    paragraphs below). Method transformed to example, since it should
 >    not be normative]
 >
 >=====
 >
 >    Wildcard values in an extended language range are supposed to match
 >    any value that occurs in that position in a language tag. Since only
 >    one item can be returned for any given lookup request, the wildcards
 >    must be processed in a predictable manner (or the same request might
 >    produce widely varying results). Thus, for each range in the
 >    language priority list, the following rules must be applied to
 >    produce a basic language range for use in the fallback mechanism
 >
 >    ...*
 >    Figure 10: Extended Language Range Fallback Example *
 >
 >=>
 >
 >    Wildcard values in an extended language range are supposed to

'are supposed to' doesn't sound very spec-like.

 >    match
 >    any value that occurs in that position in a language tag. Since only
 >    one item can be returned for any given lookup request, the wildcards
 >    must be processed in a predictable manner (or the same request might
 >    produce widely varying results). Where more than one piece of
 >    content would be returned, then

Again, the 'then' doesn't work for me.

 >    the implementation MUST specify the
 >    method used to determine the result.
 >    [The method supplied in the document doesn't match reasonable user
 >    expections, as stated earlier. Since we can't agree, leave it up to
 >    the implemention.]

Regards,   Martin. 


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To: "John.Cowan" <jcowan@reutershealth.com>, Marion Gunn <mgunn@egt.ie>
From: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Schedule of matching draft, charter update
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At 23:28 05/12/02, John.Cowan wrote:
 >Marion Gunn scripsit:
 >
 >> Hardly practical to choose the 12th day of Christmas, Martin!:-) Perhaps
 >> one week later?
 >
 >I think Martin means "January 2006" rather than "6 January 2006".

Yes indeed. Not really my idea, that's how IETF charters are written
(I will suggest that this is changed because it has led to
misunderstandings in the past).

Regards,   Martin. 


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Good comments. Responses below.

Martin Duerst wrote:

> Hello Mark, others,
>
> I have taken the liberty to change the subject.
>
> My personal comments, as a technical contributor,
> below.
>
> At 11:39 05/12/03, Mark Davis wrote:
> >    more granular matching scheme
> >
> >=>
> >
> >    more fine-grained matching scheme
>
> I wanted to complain about not knowing which
> way 'granular' goes several times. Thanks for
> proposing a good solution.
>
> >=====
> >
> >    the set of language ranges in a language priority list
> >
> >=>
> >
> >    the list of language ranges in a language priority list
> >    [list, since it is ordered]
>
> great fix
>
> >=====
> >
> >    a case insensitive manner
> >
> >=>
> >
> >    a case-insensitive manner
> >    [missing hyphens in compound adjectives]
>
> ok
>
> >=====
> >
> >    Implementations might also wish to use semantic information external
> >
> >=>
> >
> >    Implementations MAY use semantic information external
>
> I also didn't like 'might' (there are overall still too many
> conditonals in the text), but I'm not totally sure increasing
> the number of MAYs is a good thing. But it's probably okay here.
>
> >=====
> >
> >    private-use subtags MAY be specified in the language range and MUST
> >    NOT be ignored when matching.
> >
> >=>
> >
> >    Private-use subtags MAY be specified in the language range and MUST
> >    NOT be ignored when matching.
>
> ok
>
>
> >=====
> >
> >    Implementations or protocols sometimes might wish to use more
> >    sophisticated weights
> >
> >=>
> >
> >    Implementations or protocols MAY use more sophisticated weights
>
> same as above for MAY
>
> >=====
> >
> >    The language range "*" matches any language tag. In the lookup
> >    scheme, this language range does not convey enough information to
> >    determine which content is most appropriate. If this language range
> >    is the only one in the language priority list, it matches the
> >    default content. If this language range is followed by other
> >    language ranges, it should be skipped.
> >
> >=>
> >
> >    The language range wildcard "*" matches any language tag.
>
> I'm okay to use "language range wildcard", but then please
> make sure this is used consistently.
>
> >    Since only
> >    one item can be returned for any given lookup request, the wildcard
> >    must be processed in a predictable manner (or the same request might
> >    produce widely varying results).
>
> please avoid conditionals:
> "(or the same request might produce widely varying results)"
> =>
> "(otherwise the same request will produce widely varying results)"

Agree:

Since only one item can be returned for any given lookup request, the 
wildcard must be processed in a predictable manner (otherwise the same 
request will produce widely varying results).

>
> >    Where more than one piece of
> >    content would be returned, then the implementation MUST specify the
> >    method used to determine the result.
>
> 'Where', 'would', and 'then' don't make a reasonable sentence for me.
> More general, the paragraph starts with "Since only one item can be
> returned", so then speaking about more than one piece is confusing.

How about:

Where the use of a wildcard would cause matches with two different 
pieces of content, the implementation MUST specify the method used to 
choose between them. For example, the implementation could specify that 
the content tagged with the alphabetically-least language tag is returned.

>
> >    For example, it could specify that if "*" is the only range in the
> >    language priority list, it matches the default content, while if "*"
> >    is followed by other language ranges, it is skipped.
> >    [2nd sentence is replaced by better language (copied from a few
> >    paragraphs below). Method transformed to example, since it should
> >    not be normative]
> >
> >=====
> >
> >    Wildcard values in an extended language range are supposed to match
> >    any value that occurs in that position in a language tag. Since only
> >    one item can be returned for any given lookup request, the wildcards
> >    must be processed in a predictable manner (or the same request might
> >    produce widely varying results). Thus, for each range in the
> >    language priority list, the following rules must be applied to
> >    produce a basic language range for use in the fallback mechanism
> >
> >    ...*
> >    Figure 10: Extended Language Range Fallback Example *
> >
> >=>
> >
> >    Wildcard values in an extended language range are supposed to
>
> 'are supposed to' doesn't sound very spec-like.

Wildcard values in an extended language range are to match...

>
> >    match
> >    any value that occurs in that position in a language tag. Since only
> >    one item can be returned for any given lookup request, the wildcards
> >    must be processed in a predictable manner (or the same request might
> >    produce widely varying results). Where more than one piece of
> >    content would be returned, then
>
> Again, the 'then' doesn't work for me.

Repeating from above:

Since only one item can be returned for any given lookup request, the 
wildcard must be processed in a predictable manner (otherwise the same 
request will produce widely varying results). Where the use of a 
wildcard would cause matches with two different pieces of content, the 
implementation MUST specify the method used to choose between them. For 
example, the implementation could specify that the content tagged with 
the alphabetically-least language tag is returned.

>
> >    the implementation MUST specify the
> >    method used to determine the result.
> >    [The method supplied in the document doesn't match reasonable user
> >    expections, as stated earlier. Since we can't agree, leave it up to
> >    the implemention.]
>
> Regards,   Martin.
>
>
>


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Mon Dec 05 12:59:41 2005
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Date: Mon, 05 Dec 2005 09:59:21 -0800
From: Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
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To: Addison Phillips <addison.phillips@quest.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] wildcards in lookup
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The problem is that your method subverts all user expectations about 
what wildcards mean. If I supply the range "*-US", and the possible 
content is

es
es-MX
en
en-US
fr
fr-FR
fr-BE
[i-default]

then en-US is the obvious, clear choice. That is, after all, what is 
being asked for: a language tag consisting of language code = any + 
region code = 'US'.

The same goes for where the range is "en-*". Given the above tagged 
content, it would be bizarre not to return "en-US".

The implementation, for any system I know of, is not rocket science. 
Logically, you just enumerate through the available tags for the content 
you have, and see which (if any) matches.

The only problematic case is the one where the range matches 2 or more 
language tags. In that case, I don't think we have any choice but to 
leave this implementation dependent. (Actually, we do; my preference 
would be to have a fully specified specification that used 
alphabetically-least, with the proviso that implementations are free to 
customize this area at will. But I can live with the incomplete 
specification if you really want it.)

Mark

Addison Phillips wrote:

>Separately I sent an email responding to various small items Mark/Martin suggested I change. This item, though, I think needs its own thread.
>
>Mark suggested:
>
>=====
>
>    Wildcard values in an extended language range are supposed to match
>    any value that occurs in that position in a language tag. Since only
>    one item can be returned for any given lookup request, the wildcards
>    must be processed in a predictable manner (or the same request might
>    produce widely varying results). Thus, for each range in the
>    language priority list, the following rules must be applied to
>    produce a basic language range for use in the fallback mechanism
>
>    ...*
>    Figure 10: Extended Language Range Fallback Example *
>
>=>
>
>    Wildcard values in an extended language range are supposed to match
>    any value that occurs in that position in a language tag. Since only
>    one item can be returned for any given lookup request, the wildcards
>    must be processed in a predictable manner (or the same request might
>    produce widely varying results). Where more than one piece of
>    content would be returned, then the implementation MUST specify the
>    method used to determine the result.
>    [The method supplied in the document doesn't match reasonable user
>    expections, as stated earlier. Since we can't agree, leave it up to
>    the implemention.]
>
>=====
>
>And later Martin opined:
>
>  
>
>>>>   Where more than one piece of
>>>>   content would be returned, then the implementation MUST specify the
>>>>   method used to determine the result.
>>>>        
>>>>
>>>'Where', 'would', and 'then' don't make a reasonable sentence for me.
>>>More general, the paragraph starts with "Since only one item can be
>>>returned", so then speaking about more than one piece is confusing.
>>>      
>>>
>>How about:
>>
>>Where the use of a wildcard would cause matches with two different
>>pieces of content, the implementation MUST specify the method used to
>>choose between them. For example, the implementation could specify that
>>the content tagged with the alphabetically-least language tag is returned.
>>    
>>
>[Addison Phillips] 
>
>Mark and I don't agree about this and I dislike Martin's suggestion even more. Here's the problem: when I implemented a lookup scheme I didn't seek all of the possible matching content first. I used the tag to construct directory or file names, truncating until I found a matching bit of content.
>
>When I consider Java's ResourceBundle class (which finds all matching content building out from root to the specified value before, returning content when the lookup fails to find a file), I see that the algorithm would have to change appreciably. Notably, it would have to load some content by name, with no way of knowing what that name actually was. 
>
>That is, most implementations today actually would be forced to do what I propose: they rely on knowing the name tokens. A wild card works better if it matches nothing in that case.
>
>I think it is problematic not to say anything about what to do here. We know clearly what the problem is. Is there some reason why we should not specify at least one mechanism (we do not have to make it normative, as it is now)?
>
>To illustrate a bit more, if the range is "en-*-US", an implementation can either:
>
>1. Try to enumerate all matching content. If content is represented as directory or file names, the complete list of file/directory names must be loaded from one or more locations on disk and then processed to find all of the matches. These can then be selected based on some algorithm.
>
>2. Work as lookup has historically worked, by searching until there is a "miss" and return that item. If one works out from root, then the tree must be fully populated. 
>
>So I don't favor making this change or I would prefer to make changes that spell some of this out.
>
>Addison
>
>
>Addison P. Phillips
>Globalization Architect, Quest Software
>http://www.quest.com
>
>Internationalization is not a feature.
>It is an architecture. 
>
>  
>
>------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>_______________________________________________
>Ltru mailing list
>Ltru@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>  
>


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From: Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
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To: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] implementation, application, protocol
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I think that's a reasonable goal. I agree that the wording needs a bit 
of adjustment; in particular, I'd like to add a conformance requirement 
than any such option (at whatever level) be precisely specified.

Mark

Martin Duerst wrote:

> [co-chair hat off]
>
> I have earlier raised an issue about the words
> 'application' and 'protocol'. I don't think
> I talked about 'implementation' then, but that
> word is also all over the place, without ever
> being clearly grounded.
>
> I propose that we add an explanation somewhere
> at the end of section 1. The following text is
> a first attempt, I'm sure it can be improved:
>
> The matching schemes defined in this document can
> be used by (Internet) protocols, or, in cases where
> there is no protocol, directly by applications.
> Depending on the matching scheme, there are
> various options left to the implementation.
> This means that the option is left to the protocol
> if the matching scheme is used by a protocol, or
> directly by the application in case there is no
> protocol. If there is a protocol, the protocol may
> select some options, and my leave others open
> to implementers of that protocol.
>
> Not sure the text above is very good, but I hope you
> at least get the idea I wanted to put out.
>
> Regards,   Martin.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>
>


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Mon Dec 05 14:11:23 2005
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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
To: "'Mark Davis'" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>, Addison Phillips
	<addison.phillips@quest.com>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] wildcards in lookup
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+1

A specification that depends heavily on the use of wildcards MUST
specify their behavior in a manner that is: (a) reasonable to a 
non-technical user; and (b) consistent across all implementations.

Since language tags are restricted to a subset of ASCII, saying
"numerically least" is easy to understand and consistent (though
not fully deterministic, of course).

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Mark Davis
> Sent: Monday, December 05, 2005 12:59 PM
> To: Addison Phillips
> Cc: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] wildcards in lookup
> 
> 
> The problem is that your method subverts all user expectations about 
> what wildcards mean. If I supply the range "*-US", and the possible 
> content is
> 
> es
> es-MX
> en
> en-US
> fr
> fr-FR
> fr-BE
> [i-default]
> 
> then en-US is the obvious, clear choice. That is, after all, what is 
> being asked for: a language tag consisting of language code = any + 
> region code = 'US'.
> 
> The same goes for where the range is "en-*". Given the above tagged 
> content, it would be bizarre not to return "en-US".
> 
> The implementation, for any system I know of, is not rocket science. 
> Logically, you just enumerate through the available tags for 
> the content 
> you have, and see which (if any) matches.
> 
> The only problematic case is the one where the range matches 
> 2 or more 
> language tags. In that case, I don't think we have any choice but to 
> leave this implementation dependent. (Actually, we do; my preference 
> would be to have a fully specified specification that used 
> alphabetically-least, with the proviso that implementations 
> are free to 
> customize this area at will. But I can live with the incomplete 
> specification if you really want it.)
> 
> Mark
> 
> Addison Phillips wrote:
> 
> >Separately I sent an email responding to various small items 
> Mark/Martin suggested I change. This item, though, I think 
> needs its own thread.
> >
> >Mark suggested:
> >
> >=====
> >
> >    Wildcard values in an extended language range are 
> supposed to match
> >    any value that occurs in that position in a language 
> tag. Since only
> >    one item can be returned for any given lookup request, 
> the wildcards
> >    must be processed in a predictable manner (or the same 
> request might
> >    produce widely varying results). Thus, for each range in the
> >    language priority list, the following rules must be applied to
> >    produce a basic language range for use in the fallback mechanism
> >
> >    ...*
> >    Figure 10: Extended Language Range Fallback Example *
> >
> >=>
> >
> >    Wildcard values in an extended language range are 
> supposed to match
> >    any value that occurs in that position in a language 
> tag. Since only
> >    one item can be returned for any given lookup request, 
> the wildcards
> >    must be processed in a predictable manner (or the same 
> request might
> >    produce widely varying results). Where more than one piece of
> >    content would be returned, then the implementation MUST 
> specify the
> >    method used to determine the result.
> >    [The method supplied in the document doesn't match 
> reasonable user
> >    expections, as stated earlier. Since we can't agree, 
> leave it up to
> >    the implemention.]
> >
> >=====
> >
> >And later Martin opined:
> >
> >  
> >
> >>>>   Where more than one piece of
> >>>>   content would be returned, then the implementation 
> MUST specify the
> >>>>   method used to determine the result.
> >>>>        
> >>>>
> >>>'Where', 'would', and 'then' don't make a reasonable 
> sentence for me.
> >>>More general, the paragraph starts with "Since only one item can be
> >>>returned", so then speaking about more than one piece is confusing.
> >>>      
> >>>
> >>How about:
> >>
> >>Where the use of a wildcard would cause matches with two different
> >>pieces of content, the implementation MUST specify the 
> method used to
> >>choose between them. For example, the implementation could 
> specify that
> >>the content tagged with the alphabetically-least language 
> tag is returned.
> >>    
> >>
> >[Addison Phillips] 
> >
> >Mark and I don't agree about this and I dislike Martin's 
> suggestion even more. Here's the problem: when I implemented 
> a lookup scheme I didn't seek all of the possible matching 
> content first. I used the tag to construct directory or file 
> names, truncating until I found a matching bit of content.
> >
> >When I consider Java's ResourceBundle class (which finds all 
> matching content building out from root to the specified 
> value before, returning content when the lookup fails to find 
> a file), I see that the algorithm would have to change 
> appreciably. Notably, it would have to load some content by 
> name, with no way of knowing what that name actually was. 
> >
> >That is, most implementations today actually would be forced 
> to do what I propose: they rely on knowing the name tokens. A 
> wild card works better if it matches nothing in that case.
> >
> >I think it is problematic not to say anything about what to 
> do here. We know clearly what the problem is. Is there some 
> reason why we should not specify at least one mechanism (we 
> do not have to make it normative, as it is now)?
> >
> >To illustrate a bit more, if the range is "en-*-US", an 
> implementation can either:
> >
> >1. Try to enumerate all matching content. If content is 
> represented as directory or file names, the complete list of 
> file/directory names must be loaded from one or more 
> locations on disk and then processed to find all of the 
> matches. These can then be selected based on some algorithm.
> >
> >2. Work as lookup has historically worked, by searching 
> until there is a "miss" and return that item. If one works 
> out from root, then the tree must be fully populated. 
> >
> >So I don't favor making this change or I would prefer to 
> make changes that spell some of this out.
> >
> >Addison
> >
> >
> >Addison P. Phillips
> >Globalization Architect, Quest Software
> >http://www.quest.com
> >
> >Internationalization is not a feature.
> >It is an architecture. 
> >
> >  
> >
> >-------------------------------------------------------------
> -----------
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >Ltru mailing list
> >Ltru@ietf.org
> >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> >  
> >
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> 

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Hi,

See link below - a good attempt at defining the terms
"Localization" and "Internationalization" and the
differences between the two from the W3C GEO folks.

Worth reading and commenting on (there's a feedback
spot right in the body of this document).

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

-----Original Message-----
From: www-international-request@w3.org
[mailto:www-international-request@w3.org]On Behalf Of Richard Ishida
Sent: Monday, December 05, 2005 3:19 PM
To: www-international@w3.org
Subject: New article published: Localization vs. Internationalization







After incorporating comments from the review phase, the GEO Working Group
has published the article:

	Localization vs. Internationalization
	http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-i18n
	By Richard Ishida, W3C, & Susan K. Miller, Boeing



The article provides an answer to the question: What do the terms
'internationalization' and 'localization' mean, and how are they related?




You can find various news filters and RSS feeds relating to the work of the
Internationalization Activity at
http://www.w3.org/International/log/description



============
Richard Ishida
Internationalization Lead
W3C

http://www.w3.org/People/Ishida/
http://www.w3.org/International/
http://people.w3.org/rishida/blog/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ishida/


_______________________________________________
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Date: Tue, 06 Dec 2005 08:50:42 +0100
From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Ltru] Summary of comments, draft-ietf-ltru-matching-07
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At long last, I have managed to read through the whole of=20
draft-ietf-ltru-matching-07 and mark it up with comments.

I am not happy with the current state of this document.

Most important points:

- The writing is inconsistent about what the inputs and outputs of a=20
matching function is. Sometimes it talks about language ranges, sometimes=20
it talks about language priority lists. I think it needs to always describe =

the function in terms of language priority lists.
Generically:

  Match(LPL, Language-tag-set) =3D> List(pair(Language-tag, score))

where LPL is a language priority list and language-tag-set is the set of=20
language tags for the resources to be matched to the request.

- The lookup function, as designed, is broken. It introduces truncation of=20
language tags outside of the user's control, and it prefers truncated=20
versions of early tags in a LPL to full versions of later ones.
A much better lookup function is simply "use matching and pick the=20
highest-scoring result; if the result set is empty, use default". User=20
interfaces can do the expansion IF they decide it's useful to do so.

- The spec needs to make up its mind about whether it's specifying an=20
algorithm for the IETF standards track or giving a bunch of useful advice=20
to people writing language tag matching functions. If it's the former,=20
EVERY SINGLE INSTANCE of "an implementation MAY decide to...", where that=20
can affect the returned result, needs to be removed from the specification.

A more detailed markup is enclosed, including notes of the five (?) places=20
where "zh" has turned into "z.", but these are the 3 high points; I believe =

these are items the WG needs to discuss and have consensus on.

                       Harald

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Network Working Group                                   A. Phillips, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                            Quest Software
Obsoletes: 3066 (if approved)                              M. Davis, Ed.
Expires: May 22, 2006                                                IBM
                                                       November 18, 2005


                       Matching of Language Tags
                      draft-ietf-ltru-matching-07

Status of this Memo

   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
   have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
   aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This Internet-Draft will expire on May 22, 2006.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).

Abstract

   This document describes different mechanisms for comparing, matching,
   and evaluating language tags.  Possible algorithms for language
   negotiation and content selection are described.  This document, in
   combination with RFC 3066bis (replace "3066bis" with the RFC number
   assigned to draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces RFC 3066, which
   replaced RFC 1766.




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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  The Language Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     2.1.  Lists of Language Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     2.2.  Basic Language Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     2.3.  Extended Language Range  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     2.4.  Choosing a Language Range  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   3.  Types of Matching  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     3.1.  Choosing a Type of Matching  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     3.2.  Filtering  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
       3.2.1.  Filtering with Basic Language Ranges . . . . . . . . . 11
       3.2.2.  Filtering with Extended Language Ranges  . . . . . . . 11
       3.2.3.  Scored Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     3.3.  Lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   4.  Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     4.1.  Meaning of Language Tags and Ranges  . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     4.2.  Considerations for Private Use Subtags . . . . . . . . . . 19
     4.3.  Length Considerations in Matching  . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
   5.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   6.  Changes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
   7.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
   8.  Character Set Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
   9.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
     9.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
     9.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 29






















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1.  Introduction

   Human beings on our planet have, past and present, used a number of
   languages.  There are many reasons why one would want to identify the
   language used when presenting or requesting information.

   Information about a user's language preferences commonly need to be
   identified so that appropriate processing can be applied.  For
   example, the user's language preferences in a browser can be used to
   select web pages appropriately.  Language preferences can also be
   used to select among tools (such as dictionaries) to assist in the
   processing or understanding of content in different languages.

   Given a set of language identifiers, such as those defined in
   [RFC3066bis], various mechanisms can be envisioned for performing
   language negotiation and tag matching.  Applications, protocols, or
   specifications will have varying needs and requirements that affect
   the choice of a suitable mechanism.

   This document defines several mechanisms for matching, selecting, or
   filtering content whose natural language is identified using Language
   Tags [RFC3066bis], as well as the syntax (called a "language range")
   associated with each of these mechanisms for specifying the user's
   language preferences.

   This document, in combination with [RFC3066bis] (replace "3066bis"
   globally in this document with the RFC number assigned to
   draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces [RFC3066], which replaced
   [RFC1766].

   The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].


















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2.  The Language Range

   Language Tags [RFC3066bis] are used to identify the language of some
   information item or content.  Applications or protocols that use
   language tags are often faced with the problem of identifying sets of
   content that share certain language attributes.  For example,
   HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616] describes language ranges in its discussion of the
   Accept-Language header (Section 14.4).  These are to be used when
   selecting content from servers based on the language of that content.

   When selecting content according to its language, it is useful to
   have a mechanism for identifying sets of language tags that share
   specific attributes.  This allows users to select or filter content
   based on specific requirements.  Such an identifier is called a
   "Language Range".

   Language tags and thus language ranges are to be treated as case
   insensitive: there exist conventions for the capitalization of some
   of the subtags, but these MUST NOT be taken to carry meaning.
   Matching of language tags to language ranges MUST be done in a case
   insensitive manner as well.

2.1.  Lists of Language Ranges

   When users specify a language preference they often need to specify a
   prioritized list of language ranges in order to best reflect their
   language preferences.  This is especially true for speakers of
   minority languages.  A speaker of Breton in France, for example, may
   specify "be" followed by "fr", meaning that if Breton is available,
   it is preferred, but otherwise French is the best alternative.  It
   can get more complex: a speaker may wish to fall back from Skolt Sami
   to Northern Sami to Finnish.

   A "Language Priority List" consists of a prioritized or weighted list
   of language ranges.  One well known example of such a list is the
   "Accept-Language" header defined in RFC 2616 [RFC2616] (see Section
   14.4) and RFC 3282 [RFC3282].

HTA: Need to specify whether or not a simple list is taken to be a priority =
list in descending order (as RFC 3282 said) or not.

   The various matching operations described in this document include
   considerations for using a language priority list.  When given as
   examples in this document, language priority lists will be shown as a
   quoted sequence of ranges separated by semi-colons, like this: "en;
   fr; zh-Hant" (which would be read as "English before French before
   Chinese as written in the Traditional script").

2.2.  Basic Language Range

   A "Basic Language Range" identifies the set of content whose language



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   tags begin with the same sequence of subtags.  A basic language range
   is identified by its 'language range' tag, by adapting the
   ABNF[RFC4234] from HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616] :

   language-range =3D language-tag / "*"
   language-tag   =3D 1*8[alphanum] *["-" 1*8alphanum]
   alphanum       =3D ALPHA / DIGIT

   That is, a language-range has the same syntax as a language-tag or is
   the single character "*".  Basic Language Ranges imply that there is
   a semantic relationship between language tags that share the same
HTA: No, they don't. They may SEEM to.
   prefix.  While this is often the case, it is not always true and
   users should note that the set of language tags that match a specific
   language-range may not be mutually intelligible.

   Basic language ranges were originally described in [RFC3066] and
   HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616] (where they are referred to as simply a "language
   range").

2.3.  Extended Language Range

   A Basic Language Range does not always provide the most appropriate
   way to specify a user's preferences.  Sometimes it is beneficial to
   use a more granular matching scheme that takes advantage of the
   internal structure of language tags, by allowing the user to specify,
   for example, the value of a specific field in a language tag or to
   indicate which values are of interest in filtering or selecting the
   content.

HTA: There is no syntactict distinction between basic and extended language =
ranges. The choice is made by the context. This needs to be made clear. =
**MORE**

   In an extended language range, the identifier takes the form of a
   series of subtags which MUST consist of well-formed subtags or the
   special subtag "*".  For example, the language range "en-*-US"
   specifies a primary language of 'en', followed by any script subtag,
   followed by the region subtag 'US'.

   An extended language range can be represented by the following ABNF:
   extended-language-range  =3D range ; a range
                 / privateuse              ; private-use tag
                 / grandfathered           ; grandfathered registrations
HTA: These comments add no value.

   range         =3D (language
                    ["-" script]
                    ["-" region]
                    *("-" variant)
                    *("-" extension)
                    ["-" privateuse])

   language      =3D (2*3ALPHA [ extlang ]) ; shortest ISO 639 code



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                 / 4ALPHA                 ; reserved for future use
                 / 5*8ALPHA               ; registered language subtag
                 / "*"                    ; ... or wildcard

   extlang       =3D *2("-" 3ALPHA) ("-" ( 3ALPHA / "*"))
                                          ; reserved for future use
                                          ; wildcard can only appear
                                          ;   at the end

   script        =3D 4ALPHA                 ; ISO 15924 code
                 / "*"                    ; or wildcard

   region        =3D 2ALPHA                 ; ISO 3166 code
                 / 3DIGIT                 ; UN M.49 code
                 / "*"                    ; ... or wildcard

   variant       =3D 5*8alphanum            ; registered variants
                 / (DIGIT 3alphanum)      ;
                 / "*"                    ; ... or wildcard

   extension     =3D singleton *("-" (2*8alphanum)) [ "-*" ]
                                          ; extension subtags
                                          ; wildcard can only appear
                                          ;   at the end

   singleton     =3D %x41-57 / %x59-5A / %x61-77 / %x79-7A / DIGIT
                 ; "a"-"w" / "y"-"z" / "A"-"W" / "Y"-"Z" / "0"-"9"
                 ; Single letters: x/X is reserved for private use
HTA: Any reason for not using quoted ABNF strings?

   privateuse    =3D ("x"/"X") 1*("-" (1*8alphanum))
HTA: ABNF error. Case insensitivty means that the two alternatives are =
equal.

   grandfathered =3D 1*3ALPHA 1*2("-" (2*8alphanum))
                   ; grandfathered registration
                   ; Note: I is the only singleton
                   ; that starts a grandfathered tag

   alphanum      =3D (ALPHA / DIGIT)       ; letters and numbers

   A field not present in the middle of an extended language range MAY
HTA: MAY has no meaning here. Either it's equivalent or it is not.
   be treated as if the field contained a "*".  For example, the range
   "en-US" MAY be considered to be equivalent to the range "en-*-US".
   This also means that multiple wildcards can be collapsed (so that
   "en-*-*-US" is equivalent to "en-*-US").

2.4.  Choosing a Language Range

   Users indicate their language preferences via the choice of a
   language range or the set of language ranges in the language priority



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   list.  The type of matching will affect what the best choice is for
   given user.  In addition, user's should be aware that, when working
HTA: user's =3D> users
   with language ranges, most matching schemes make no attempt to
   process the semantic meaning of the subtags.  The language tag and
   language range (or their subtags) are usually compared in a case
   insensitive manner using basic string processing.  Thus the choice of
   subtags in both the language tag and language range may affect the
   results produced.

HTA: This is true for basic, but not for extended ranges. Rewrite.

   Users SHOULD avoid subtags that add no distinguishing value to a
   language range.  For example, script subtags SHOULD NOT be used to
   form a language range with language subtags which have a matching
   Suppress-Script field in their registry record.  Thus the language
   range "en-Latn" is probably inappropriate in most cases (because the
   vast majority of English documents are written in the Latin script
   and thus the 'en' language subtag has a Suppress-Script field for
   'Latn' in the registry).

HTA: This makes sense only for Extended ranges.

   When working with tags and ranges, note that extensions and most
   private-use subtags are orthogonal to language tag fallback and users
   SHOULD avoid using these subtags in language ranges, since they will
   often interfere with the selection of available language content.
   Since these subtags are always at the end of the sequence of subtags,
   they don't normally interfere with the use of prefixes for the
   filtering schemes described below in Section 3.

   When working with tags and ranges users SHOULD note the following:

   1.  Private-use and Extension subtags are normally orthogonal to
       language tag fallback.  Implementations or specifications that
       use a lookup (Section 3.3) matching scheme SHOULD ignore
       unrecognized private-use and extension subtags when performing
       language tag fallback.  Since these subtags are always at the end
       of the sequence of subtags, they don't normally interfere with
       the use of prefixes for matching in the schemes described below.

   2.  Applications, specifications, or protocols that choose not to
       interpret one or more private-use or extension subtags SHOULD NOT
       remove or modify these extensions in content that they are
       processing.  When a language tag instance is to be used in a
       specific, known protocol, and is not being passed through to
       other protocols, language tags MAY be filtered to remove subtags
       and extensions that are not supported by that protocol.  Such
       filtering SHOULD be avoided, if possible, since it removes
       information that might be relevant if services on the other end
       of the protocol would make use of that information.

HTA: The concept of "protocol" here does not make sense to me.





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   3.  Some applications of language tags might want or need to consider
       extensions and private-use subtags when matching tags.  If
       extensions and private-use subtags are included in a matching or
       filtering process that utilizes the one of the schemes described
       in this document, then the implementation SHOULD canonicalize the
       language tags and/or ranges before performing the matching.  Note
       that language tag processors that claim to be "well-formed"
       processors as defined in [RFC3066bis] generally fall into this
       category.

HTA: Canonicalizing tags with extensions and not canonicalizing tags =
without extensions makes no sense to me.









































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3.  Types of Matching

   Matching language ranges to language tags can be done in a number of
   different ways.  This section describes the different types of
   matching scheme, as well as the considerations for choosing between
   them.  Protocols and specifications SHOULD clearly indicate the
   particular mechanism used in selecting or matching language tags.

   There are two basic types of matching scheme: those that produce an
   open-ended set of content (called "filtering") and those that produce
   a single information item for a given request (called "lookup").

HTA: suggest replacing "open-ended set" with "zero or more information =
items"

   A key difference between these two types of matching scheme is that
   the language range for filtering operations is always the _least_
   specific tag one will accept as a match, while for lookup operations
   the language range is always the _most_ specific tag.

HTA: I do not agree with this characterization. Note also that the input to =
both matching and lookup will normally (I think) be a list of language =
ranges.

3.1.  Choosing a Type of Matching

   Applications, protocols, and specifications are faced with the
   decision of what type of matching to use.  Sometimes, different
   styles of matching might be suited for different kinds of processing
   within a particular application or protocol.

   Filtering can be used to produce a set of results (such as a
   collection of documents).  For example, if using a search engine, one
   might use filtering to limit the results to documents written in
   French.  It can also be used when deciding whether to perform some
   processing that is language sensitive on some content.  For example,
   a process might cause paragraphs whose language tag matched the
   language range "nl" to be displayed in italics within a document.

   This document describes three types of filtering:

   1.  Basic Filtering (Section 3.2.1) is used to match content using
       basic language ranges (Section 2.2).  It is compatible with
       implementations that do not produce extended language ranges.
HTA: Second sentence adds no information. Suggest deleting.

   2.  Extended Range Filtering (Section 3.2.2) is used to match content
       using extended language ranges (Section 2.3).  Newer
       implementations SHOULD use this form of filtering in preference
       to basic filtering.
HTA: I disagree with the second sentence. Suggest deleting.

   3.  Scored Filtering (Section 3.2.3) produces an ordered set of
       content using either basic or extended language ranges.  It
       SHOULD be used when the quality of the match within a specific
       language range is important, as when presenting a list of
       documents resulting from a search.



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   Lookup (Section 3.3) is used when each request MUST produce exactly
   one piece of content.  For example, a Web server might use the
   Accept-Language HTTP header to choose which language to return a
   custom 404 page in: since it can return only one page, it must choose
   a single item and it must return some item, even if no content
   matches the language ranges supplied by the user.

   Most types of matching in this document are designed so that
   implementations do not have to examine the values of the subtags
   supplied and, except for scored filtering, they do not need access to
   the Language Subtag Registry nor do they require the use of valid
   subtags in either language tags or language ranges.  This has great
   benefit for speed and simplicity of implementation.

HTA: However, if canonicalization is used, they must use the registry....

   Implementations might also wish to use semantic information external
   to the language tags when performing fallback.  For example, the
HTA: s/language tags/language tag registration info/
   primary language subtags 'nn' (Nynorsk Norwegian) and 'nb' (Bokmal
   Norwegian) might both be usefully matched to the more general subtag
   'no' (Norwegian).  Or an implementation might infer that content
   labeled "zh-CN" is more likely to match the range "zh-Hans" than
   equivalent content labeled "zh-TW".

3.2.  Filtering

   Filtering is used to select the set of content that matches a given
   prefix.  It is called "filtering" because this set of content may
   contain no items at all or it may return an arbitrary number of
   matching items--as many as match the language range used to specify
   the items, thus filtering out the non-matching content.

HTA: Again, need to specify in terms of language priority lists.

   In filtering, the language range represents the _least_ specific tag
   which is an acceptable match.  That is, all of the language tags in
   the set of filtered content will have an equal or greater number of
   subtags than the language range.  For example, if the language range
   is "de-CH", one might see matching content with the tag "de-CH-1996"
   but one will never see a match with the tag "de".
HTA: "if the language priority list contains de-CH"

   If the language priority list (see Section 2.1) contains more than
   one range, the content returned is typically ordered in descending
   level of preference.

   Some examples where filtering might be appropriate include:

   o  Applying a style to sections of a document in a particular
      language range.

   o  Displaying the set of documents containing a particular set of
      keywords written in a specific language.



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   o  Selecting all email items written in specific range of languages.

   Filtering can produce either an ordered or an unordered set of
   results.  For example, applying formatting to a document based on the
   language of specific pieces of content does not require the content
   to be ordered.  It is sufficient to know whether a specific piece of
   content matches or does not match.  A search application, on the
   other hand, probably would put the results into a priority order.

HTA: Is "match/do not match" a different kind of application than filtering =
or lookup? It seems odd to fit it in here.

   If an ordered set is desired, as described above, then the
   application or protocol needs to determine the relative "quality" of
   the match between different language tags and the language range.

   This measurement is called a "distance metric".  A distance metric
   assigns a numeric value to the comparison of each language tag to a
   language range and represents the 'distance' between the two.  A
   distance of zero means that they are identical, a small distance
   indicates that they are very similar, and a large distance indicated
   that they are very different.  Using a distance metric,
   implementations can, for example, allow users to select a threshold
   distance for a match to be "successful" while filtering or it can use
   the numeric value to order the results.
HTA: Need comma after "filtering"

3.2.1.  Filtering with Basic Language Ranges

   When filtering using a basic language range, the language range
   matches a language tag if it exactly equals the tag, or if it exactly
   equals a prefix of the tag such that the first character following
   the prefix is "-".  (That is, the language-range "de-de" matches the
   language tag "de-DE-1996", but not the language tag "de-Deva".)

   The special range "*" matches any tag.  A protocol which uses
   language ranges MAY specify additional rules about the semantics of
   "*"; for instance, HTTP/1.1 specifies that the range "*" matches only
   languages not matched by any other range within an "Accept-Language"
   header.

HTA: We're talking about language priority lists again.

3.2.2.  Filtering with Extended Language Ranges

   In the Extended Range Matching scheme, each extended language range
   in the language priority list is considered in turn, according to
   priority.  The subtags in each extended language range are compared
   to the corresponding subtags in the language tag being examined.  The
   subtag from the range is considered to match if it exactly matches
   the corresponding subtag in the tag or the range's subtag has the
   value "*" (which matches all subtags, including the empty subtag).
   Extended Range Matching is an extension of basic matching
   (Section 3.2.1): the language range represents the least specific tag



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   which is an acceptable match.

   private-use subtags MAY be specified in the language range and MUST
   NOT be ignored when matching.

HTA: What does it mean to not ignore them? Suggest deleting, since the =
concept of "ignoring" is not mentioned elsewhere in the paragraph.

   Subtags not specified, including those at the end of the language
   range, are assigned the value "*".  This makes each range into a
   prefix much like that used in basic language range matching.  For
   example, the extended language range "de-*-DE" matches all of the
   following tags because the unspecified variant field is expanded to
   "*":

      de-DE

      de-Latn-DE

      de-Latf-DE

      de-DE-x-goethe

      de-Latn-DE-1996

HTA: Need to say that in a language priority list, the priority value given =
to each element (0-1) is used to return priority; if an item matches =
multiple ranges, the highest score is returned for that element.



3.2.3.  Scored Filtering

   Both basic and extended language range filtering produce simple
   boolean matches.  Sometimes it may be beneficial to provide an array
   of results with different levels of matching, for example, sorting
   results based on the overall "quality" of the match.  Scored (or
   "distance metric") filtering provides a way to generate these quality
   values.

   First both the extended language range and the language tags to be
   matched to it must be canonicalized by mapping grandfathered and
   obsolete tags into modern equivalents.

HTA: This needs access to the registry. Need to say that.

   The language range and the language tags are then transformed into
   quintuples of elements of the form (language, script, country,
   variant, extension).  Any extended language subtags are considered
   part of the language element; private-use subtag sequences are
   considered part of the language element if in the initial position in
   the tag and part of the variant element if not. Language subtags
   'und', 'mul', and the script subtag 'Zyyy' are converted to "*".
HTA: What's the logic with not treating x- just like any other extension?
As far as I can see, it makes no difference, and makes the code more =
complex.

   Missing components in the language-tag are set to "*"; thus a "*"
   pattern becomes the quintuple ("*", "*", "*", "*", "*").  Missing
   components in the extended language-range are handled similarly to
   extended range lookup: missing internal subtags are expanded to "*".
   Missing end subtags are expanded as the empty string.  Thus a pattern



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   "en-US" becomes the quintuple ("en","*","US","","").

   Here are some examples of language tags, showing their quintuples as
   both language tags and language ranges:

   en-US
      Tag:   (en, *, US, *, *)
      Range: (en, *, US, "", "")

   sr-Latn
      Tag:   (sr, Latn, *, *, *)
      Range: (sr, Latn, "", "", "")

   zh-cmn-Hant
      Tag:   (zh-cmn, Hant, *, *, *)
      Range: (zh-cmn, Hant, "", "", "")

   x-foo
      Tag:   (x-foo, *, *, *, *)
      Range: (x-foo, "", "", "", "")

   en-x-foo
      Tag:   (en, *, *, x-foo, *)
      Range: (en, *, *, x-foo, "")

   i-default
      Tag:   (i-default, *, *, *, *)
      Range: (i-default, "", "", "", "")

   sl-Latn-IT-rozaj
      Tag:   (sl, Latn, IT, rozaj, *)
      Range: (sl, Latn, IT, rozaj, "")

   zh-r-wadegile (hypothetical)
      Tag:   (z., *, *, *, r-wadegile)
      Range: (z., *, *, *, r-wadegile)

   Figure 3: Examples of Distance Metric Quintuples

   Each language-range/language-tag pair being compared is assigned a
   distance value, whereby small values indicate better matches and
   large values indicate worse ones.  The distance between the pair is
   the sum of the distances for each of the corresponding elements of
   the quintuple.  If the elements are identical or one is '*', then the
   distance value between them is zero.  Otherwise, it is given by the
   following table:





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     256    language mismatch
     128    script mismatch
      32    region mismatch
       4    variant mismatch
       1    extension mismatch

   A value of 0 is a perfect match; 421 is no match at all.  Different
   threshold values might be appropriate for different applications or
   protocols.  Implementations will usually allow users to choose the
   most appropriate selection value, ranking the matched items based on
   score.

HTA: Implementation choice means unpredictable results. Say what the =
algorithm is.

   Examples of various tag's distances from the range "en-US":

   "fr-FR"          384 (language & region mismatch)
   "fr"             256 (language mismatch, region match)
   "en-GB"           32 (region mismatch)
   "en-Latn-US"       0 (all fields match)
   "en-Brai"         32 (region mismatch)
   "en-US-x-foo"      4 (variant mismatch: range is the empty string)
   "en-US-r-wadegile" 1 (extension mismatch: range is the empty string)

HTA: Need to say how this works together with the weights in a language =
priority list.

   Implementations or protocols sometimes might wish to use more
   sophisticated weights that depend on the values of the corresponding
   elements.  For example, depending on the domain, an implementation
   might give a small distance to the difference closely related
   subtags.  Some examples of closely related subtags might be:

HTA: Need to say whether this is part of the algorithm for THIS matching =
algorithm or an extension that people can build on to make OTHER matching =
algorithms.
This matters for interoperability.

   Language:
     no (Norwegian)
     nb (Bokmal Norwegian)
     nn (Nynorsk Norwegian)

   Script:
     Kata (katakana)
     Hira (hiragana)

   Region:
     US (United States of America)
     UM (United States Minor Outlying Islands

   Figure 6: Examples of Closely Related Subtags

3.3.  Lookup

   Lookup is used to select the single information item that best
   matches the language priority list for a given request.  In lookup,
   each language-range in the language priority list represents the



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   _most_ specific tag which is an acceptable match; only the closest
   matching item according the user's priority is returned.  For
   example, if the language range is "de-CH", one might expect to
   receive an information item with the tag "de" but never one with the
   tag "de-CH-1996".  Usually if no content matches the request, a
   "default" item is returned.

HTA: This means that one behaves as if each element a-b-c-d is replaced =
with the language priority list a-b-c-d, a-b-c, a-b, a. I think this is a =
Bad Idea.

   For example, if an application inserts some dynamic content into a
   document, returning an empty string if there is no exact match is not
   an option.  Instead, the application "falls back" until it finds a
   suitable piece of content to insert.  Other examples of lookup might
   include:

   o  Selection of a template containing the text for an automated email
      response.

   o  Selection of a graphic containing text for inclusion in a
      particular Web page.

   o  Selection of a string of text for inclusion in an error log.

   In the Lookup scheme, the language-range is progressively truncated
   from the end until a matching piece of content is located.  For
   example, starting with the range "zh-Hant-CN-x-private", the lookup
   would progressively search for content as shown below:

   Range to match: zh-Hant-CN-x-private
   1. zh-Hant-CN-x-private
   2. zh-Hant-CN
   3. zh-Hant
   4. z.
HTA: This should be zh
   5. (default content or the empty tag)

   Figure 7: Example of a Lookup Fallback Pattern

   This scheme allows some flexibility in finding content.  It also
   typically provides better results when data is not available at a
   specific level of tag granularity or is sparsely populated (than if
   the default language for the system or content were used).

   The language range "*" matches any language tag.  In the lookup
   scheme, this language range does not convey enough information to
   determine which content is most appropriate.  If this language range
   is the only one in the language priority list, it matches the default
   content.  If this language range is followed by other language
   ranges, it should be skipped.

   When performing lookup using a language priority list, the



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   progressive search MUST proceed to consider each language range
   before finding the default content or empty tag.  The default content
   might be content with no language tag (or with an empty value, as
   with xml:lang in the XML specification), or it might be a particular
   language designated for that bit of content.

   One common way to provide for default content is to allow a specific
   language range to be set as the default for a specific type of
   request.  This language range is then treated as if it were appended
   to the end of the language priority list, rather than after each item
   in the language priority list.

   For example, if a particular user's language priority list were
   "fr-FR; zh-Hant" and the program doing the matching had a default
   language range of "ja-JP", the program would search for content as
   follows:
   1. fr-FR
   2. fr
HTA: This is broken. Consider the case of sgn-GB, en-Brail, en
   3. zh-Hant // next language
   4. z.
HTA: zh
   5. (return default content)
      a. ja-JP
      b. ja
      c. (empty tag or other default content)

   Figure 8: Lookup Using a Language Priority List

   In some cases, the language priority list might contain one or more
   extended language ranges (as, for example, when the same language
   priority list is used as input for both lookup and filtering
   operations).  Wildcard values in an extended language range are
   supposed to match any value that occurs in that position in a
   language tag.  Since only one item can be returned for any given
   lookup request, the wildcards must be processed in a predictable
   manner (or the same request might produce widely varying results).
   Thus, for each range in the language priority list, the following
   rules must be applied to produce a basic language range for use in
   the fallback mechanism:

   1.  If the first subtag in the extended language range is a "*" then
       entire range is converted to "*".

   2.  For each subsequent subtag, if the value is a "*" then that
       subtag and its preceding hyphen are removed.

   For example:





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   *-US      becomes  *
   en-*-US   becomes  en-US
   en-Latn-* becomes  en-Latn

   Figure 9: Transformation of Extended Language Ranges

   For the language priority list "*-US; fr-*-FR; zh-Hant", the fallback
   pattern would be:
   1. * (skipped)
   2. fr-FR
   3. fr
   4. zh-Hant
   5. z.
   6. (default content)

   Figure 10: Extended Language Range Fallback Example



































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4.  Other Considerations

   When working with language ranges and matching schemes, there are
   some additional points that may influence the choice of either.

4.1.  Meaning of Language Tags and Ranges

   Selecting content using language ranges requires some understanding
   by users of what they are selecting.  A language tag or range
   identifies a language as spoken (or written, signed or otherwise
   signaled) by human beings for communication of information to other
   human beings.

   If a language tag B contains language tag A as a prefix, then B is
   typically "narrower" or "more specific" than A. For example, "zh-
   Hant-TW" is more specific than "zh-Hant".

   This relationship is not guaranteed in all cases: specifically,
   languages that begin with the same sequence of subtags are NOT
   guaranteed to be mutually intelligible, although they might be.

   For example, the tag "az" shares a prefix with both "az-Latn"
   (Azerbaijani written using the Latin script) and "az-Arab"
   (Azerbaijani written using the Arabic script).  A person fluent in
   one script might not be able to read the other, even though the text
   might be otherwise identical.  Content tagged as "az" most probably
   is written in just one script and thus might not be intelligible to a
   reader familiar with the other script.

   Variant subtags in particular seem to represent specific divisions in
   mutual understanding, since they often encode dialects or other
   idiosyncratic variations within a language.

HTA: They also seem to represent relatively low divisions - high chance of =
at least limited understanding.

   The relationship between the language tag and the information it
   relates to is defined by the standard describing the context in which
   it appears.  Accordingly, this section can only give possible
   examples of its usage:

   o  For a single information object, the associated language tags
      might be interpreted as the set of languages that are necessary
      for a complete comprehension of the complete object.  Example:
      Plain text documents.

   o  For an aggregation of information objects, the associated language
      tags could be taken as the set of languages used inside components
      of that aggregation.  Examples: Document stores and libraries.





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   o  For information objects whose purpose is to provide alternatives,
      the associated language tags could be regarded as a hint that the
      content is provided in several languages, and that one has to
      inspect each of the alternatives in order to find its language or
      languages.  In this case, the presence of multiple tags might not
      mean that one needs to be multi-lingual to get complete
      understanding of the document.  Example: MIME multipart/
      alternative.

   o  In markup languages, such as HTML and XML, language information
      can be added to each part of the document identified by the markup
      structure (including the whole document itself).  For example, one
      could write <span lang=3D"FR">C'est la vie.</span> inside a
      Norwegian document; the Norwegian-speaking user could then access
      a French-Norwegian dictionary to find out what the marked section
      meant.  If the user were listening to that document through a
      speech synthesis interface, this formation could be used to signal
      the synthesizer to appropriately apply French text-to-speech
      pronunciation rules to that span of text, instead of misapplying
      the Norwegian rules.

4.2.  Considerations for Private Use Subtags

   Private-use subtags require private agreement between the parties
   that intend to use or exchange language tags that use them and great
   caution SHOULD be used in employing them in content or protocols
   intended for general use.  Private-use subtags are simply useless for
   information exchange without prior arrangement.

   The value and semantic meaning of private-use tags and of the subtags
   used within such a language tag are not defined.  Matching private-
   use tags using language ranges or extended language ranges can result
   in unpredictable content being returned.

4.3.  Length Considerations in Matching

   RFC 3066 [RFC3066] did not provide an upper limit on the size of
   language tags or ranges.  RFC 3066 did define the semantics of
   particular subtags in such a way that most language tags or ranges
   consisted of language and region subtags with a combined total length
   of up to six characters.  Larger tags and ranges (in terms of both
   subtags and characters) did exist, however.

   [RFC3066bis] also does not impose a fixed upper limit on the number
   of subtags in a language tag or range (and thus an upper bound on the
   size of either).  The syntax in that document suggests that,
   depending on the specific language or range of languages, more
   subtags (and thus characters) are sometimes necessary as a result.



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   Length considerations and their impact on the selection and
   processing of tags are described in Section 2.1.1 of that document.

   An application or protocol MAY choose to limit the length of the
   language tags or ranges used in matching.  Any such limitation SHOULD
   be clearly documented, and such documentation SHOULD include the
   disposition of any longer tags or ranges (for example, whether an
   error value is generated or the language tag or range is truncated).
   If truncation is permitted it MUST NOT permit a subtag to be divided,
   since this changes the semantics of the subtag being matched and can
   result in false positives or negatives.

   Applications or protocols that restrict storage SHOULD consider the
   impact of tag or range truncation on the resulting matches.  For
   example, removing the "*" from the end of an extended language range
   (see Section 2.3) can greatly modify the set of returned matches.  A
   protocol that allows tags or ranges to be truncated at an arbitrary
   limit, without giving any indication of what that limit is, has the
   potential for causing harm by changing the meaning of values in
   substantial ways.

   In practice, most tags do not require additional subtags or
   substantially more characters.  Additional subtags sometimes add
   useful distinguishing information, but extraneous subtags interfere
   with the meaning, understanding, and especially matching of language
   tags.  Since language tags or ranges MAY be truncated by an
   application or protocol that limits storage, when choosing language
   tags or ranges users and applications SHOULD avoid adding subtags
   that add no distinguishing value.  In particular, users and
   implementations SHOULD follow the 'Prefix' and 'Suppress-Script'
   fields in the registry (defined in Section 3.6 of [RFC3066bis]):
   these fields provide guidance on when specific additional subtags
   SHOULD (and SHOULD NOT) be used.

   Implementations MUST support a limit of at least 33 characters.  This
   limit includes at least one subtag of each non-extension, non-private
   use type.  When choosing a buffer limit, a length of at least 42
   characters is strongly RECOMMENDED.

   The practical limit on tags or ranges derived solely from registered
   values is 42 characters.  Implementations MUST be able to handle tags
   and ranges of this length.  Support for tags and ranges of at least
   62 characters in length is RECOMMENDED.  Implementations MAY support
   longer values, including matching extensive sets of private-use or
   extension subtags.

   Applications or protocols which have to truncate a tag MUST do so by
   progressively removing subtags along with their preceding "-" from



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   the right side of the language tag until the tag is short enough for
   the given buffer.  If the resulting tag ends with a single-character
   subtag, that subtag and its preceding "-" MUST also be removed.  For
   example:

   Tag to truncate: zh-Latn-CN-variant1-a-extend1-x-wadegile-private1
   1. zh-Latn-CN-variant1-a-extend1-x-wadegile
   2. zh-Latn-CN-variant1-a-extend1
   3. zh-Latn-CN-variant1
   4. zh-Latn-CN
   5. zh-Latn
   6. z.
HTA: zh

   Figure 11: Example of Tag Truncation





































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5.  IANA Considerations

   This document presents no new or existing considerations for IANA.
















































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6.  Changes

   This is the first version of this document.

   The following changes were put into this document since draft-06:

      Changed the document title from the unwieldy "Matching Tags for
      the Identification of Languages" to "Matching Language Tags" (Ed.)

      Fixed problems with the distance metric filtering scheme
      (Section 3.2.3) examples (in which tags were expanded
      incorrectly).  (D.Ewell)

      Moved the sentence "Protocols and specifications SHOULD clearly
      indicate the particular mechanism used in selecting or matching
      language tags." from the introduction (where there should not be
      any normative language) to the start of Section 3.  (A.Phillips)

      Created section Section 2.4 and moved text there (A.Phillips)

      Modified the examples of closely related subtags in Section 3.2.3
      to show what the examples mean (M.Duerst)

      Various spelling and grammatical fixes (D.Ewell)



























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7.  Security Considerations

   Language ranges used in content negotiation might be used to infer
   the nationality of the sender, and thus identify potential targets
   for surveillance.  In addition, unique or highly unusual language
   ranges or combinations of language ranges might be used to track a
   specific individual's activities.

   This is a special case of the general problem that anything you send
   is visible to the receiving party.  It is useful to be aware that
   such concerns can exist in some cases.

   The evaluation of the exact magnitude of the threat, and any possible
   countermeasures, is left to each application or protocol.





































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8.  Character Set Considerations

   The syntax of language tags and language ranges permit only the
   characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, and HYPHEN-MINUS (%x2D).  These characters
   are present in most character sets, so presentation of language tags
   should not present any character set issues.













































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9.  References

9.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
              Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
              Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.

   [RFC3066bis]
              Phillips, A., Ed. and M. Davis, Ed., "Tags for the
              Identification of Languages", October 2005, <http://
              www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
              draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14.txt>.

   [RFC4234]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
              Specifications: ABNF", RFC 4234, October 2005.

9.2.  Informative References

   [RFC1766]  Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of
              Languages", RFC 1766, March 1995.

   [RFC3066]  Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of
              Languages", BCP 47, RFC 3066, January 2001.

   [RFC3282]  Alvestrand, H., "Content Language Headers", RFC 3282,
              May 2002.





















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Appendix A.  Acknowledgements

   Any list of contributors is bound to be incomplete; please regard the
   following as only a selection from the group of people who have
   contributed to make this document what it is today.

   The contributors to [RFC3066bis], [RFC3066] and [RFC1766], each of
   which is a precursor to this document, made enormous contributions
   directly or indirectly to this document and are generally responsible
   for the success of language tags.

   The following people (in alphabetical order by family name)
   contributed to this document:

   Harald Alvestrand, Jeremy Carroll, John Cowan, Martin Duerst, Frank
   Ellermann, Doug Ewell, Marion Gunn, Kent Karlsson, Ira McDonald, M.
   Patton, Randy Presuhn, Eric van der Poel, and many, many others.

   Very special thanks must go to Harald Tveit Alvestrand, who
   originated RFCs 1766 and 3066, and without whom this document would
   not have been possible.

   For this particular document, John Cowan originated the scheme
   described in Section 3.2.3.  Mark Davis originated the scheme
   described in the Section 3.3.


























Phillips & Davis          Expires May 22, 2006                 [Page 27]
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Internet-Draft                ltru-matching                November 2005


Authors' Addresses

   Addison Phillips (editor)
   Quest Software

   Email: addison dot phillips at quest dot com


   Mark Davis (editor)
   IBM

   Email: mark dot davis at ibm dot com







































Phillips & Davis          Expires May 22, 2006                 [Page 28]
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Internet-Draft                ltru-matching                November 2005


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Phillips & Davis          Expires May 22, 2006                 [Page 29]
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At 03:02 05/12/06, Mark Davis wrote:
 >I think that's a reasonable goal. I agree that the wording needs a bit of 
adjustment; in particular, I'd like to add a conformance requirement than 
any such option (at whatever level) be precisely specified.

Good point.     Regards,   Martin. 


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At 02:43 05/12/06, Addison Phillips wrote:
 >I think this is a good way to solve this set of comments. The problem here
 >is that there a good bit of text already in place that talks about
 >"specification, protocols, or applications" in Section 1 and these repeat a
 >good bit of your proposed text.

Sorry I missed that.

 >I propose instead to modify the paragraphs
 >in question to say:
 >
 >--
 ><t>Given a set of language identifiers, such as those defined in <xref
 >target="RFC3066bis" />, various mechanisms can be envisioned for performing
 >language negotiation and tag matching. </t>
 >
 ><t>This document defines  several mechanisms for matching, selecting, or
 >filtering content whose natural language is identified using Language Tags
 ><xref target="RFC3066bis" />, as well as the syntax (called a "language
 >range") associated with each of these mechanisms for specifying the user's
 >language preferences.

Can we turn this around, and mention the syntax first, and then the
matching mechanisms, to have this in document order?
Also, should we change 'selecting' to 'lookup' to allign terminology?

 >Applications, protocols, or specifications will have
 >varying needs and requirements that affect the choice of a suitable
 >mechanism. Depending on the matching scheme,

We use 'mechanism' twice above, and now change to 'scheme', which makes
it unclear whether these are the same or not. Either use 'scheme'
throughout, or use a phare such as "matching mechanism, hereafter
called matching scheme".

 >there are various options left to

Can we change "left to" to "for selection by", or something similar
that is more active in nature? (same again below)

Regards,    Martin.

 >the implementation. This means that the option is left to the protocol
 >if the matching scheme is used by a protocol, or directly by the
 >application in case there is no
 >protocol. If there is a protocol, the protocol might specify some options,
 >while leaving others open to implementers of that protocol.
 ></t>
 >--
 >
 >Addison P. Phillips
 >Globalization Architect, Quest Software
 >
 >Internationalization is not a feature.
 >It is an architecture.
 >
 >> -----Original Message-----
 >> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
 >> Martin Duerst
 >> Sent: Monday, December 05, 2005 1:22 AM
 >> To: LTRU Working Group
 >> Subject: [Ltru] implementation, application, protocol
 >>
 >> [co-chair hat off]
 >>
 >> I have earlier raised an issue about the words
 >> 'application' and 'protocol'. I don't think
 >> I talked about 'implementation' then, but that
 >> word is also all over the place, without ever
 >> being clearly grounded.
 >>
 >> I propose that we add an explanation somewhere
 >> at the end of section 1. The following text is
 >> a first attempt, I'm sure it can be improved:
 >>
 >> The matching schemes defined in this document can
 >> be used by (Internet) protocols, or, in cases where
 >> there is no protocol, directly by applications.
 >> Depending on the matching scheme, there are
 >> various options left to the implementation.
 >> This means that the option is left to the protocol
 >> if the matching scheme is used by a protocol, or
 >> directly by the application in case there is no
 >> protocol. If there is a protocol, the protocol may
 >> select some options, and my leave others open
 >> to implementers of that protocol.
 >>
 >> Not sure the text above is very good, but I hope you
 >> at least get the idea I wanted to put out.
 >>
 >> Regards,   Martin.
 >>
 >>
 >> _______________________________________________
 >> Ltru mailing list
 >> Ltru@ietf.org
 >> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru 


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue Dec 06 05:45:36 2005
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[co-chair hat off]
This is a proposal that both Doug and I liked, and that
I don't understand why it shouldn't work, so I'm bringing
it up again here. Doug also pointed out that we need
have the necessary information anyway.

For scored filtering, I propose to exand both ranges
and tags with suppress-script. This means that
de-DE becomes de-Latn-DE, and thus doesn't match
de-Brai-DE, in contrast to de-*-DE, which of course
would match de-Brai-DE.

Regards,   Martin. 


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Hello Addison,

Many thanks for your speedy work. Some comments below:
(all the stuff I cut out is okay with me)

At 04:58 05/12/06, Addison Phillips wrote:

 >> -----Original Message-----
 >> Martin Duerst
 >> Sent: Monday, December 05, 2005 2:13 AM

 >> [chair hat off]
 >> These are my editorial comments on draft-ietf-ltru-matching-07.
 >> Some may be duplicates of things already fixed.
 >>
 >> General:
 >> Some of the examples appear as "Figures". But the numbers are
 >> not consecutive. None of the examples are really figures, and
 >> they are all completely integrated into the text, so I propose
 >> no not use any 'figure' stuff. (things might look slightly
 >> different in the HTML version, but it's the ASCII version
 >> that ultimately counts)

Did you do anything about this? All the other items at least
say 'DONE'.

 >> Section 1, End: Please given a short overview over the document.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Uh... okay. I added:
 >
 >--
 ><t>This document is divided into three main sections. The first section
 >described language ranges, which are used to specify a user's preferences.
 >The second describes different mechanisms for matching ranges to content.
 >The third main section deals with various considerations that apply to
 >using the mechanisms described in this document.</t>
 >--

Nice, except for the fact that what you call 'first section' is
Section 2, and so on. Can you change that as follows?

<t>The rest of this document is divided into three main sections. Section 2
describes language ranges, which are used to specify a user's preferences.
Section 3 describes different mechanisms for matching ranges to content.
Section 4 deals with various considerations that apply to
using the mechanisms described in this document.</t>

(please note that I also changed one 'described' to 'describes')

 >> Section 2, first para, last sentence: "These": It's not clear
 >> what "These" refers to.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Changed to read:
 >
 >--
 ><t>For example, <xref target="RFC2616">HTTP/1.1</xref> describes one such
 >mechanism in its discussion of the Accept-Language header (Section 14.4),
 >which is used when selecting content from servers based on the language of
 >that content.</t>
 >--

Looks fine.

 >> - Refers to RFC 2616 for 'language-tag'. We should say that this
 >>    is equivalent (in whatever way it is, probably just well-formed)
 >>    to a language-tag from RFC3066bis.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >It actually refers to language tags defined by RFC 3066. We could reference
 >RFC 3066 instead. Notice that language ranges are not required to be either
 >well-formed or valid! There should probably be a health warning for invalid
 >or not-well-formed ones....

Okay, yes, please say so. Looking at the original text again,
I'd probably just say something very short like:
"A Language Range is defined by the following ABNF" before
the ABNF, and then after the ABNF mention that this is the
same as in HTTP and RFC 3066, but different [details here]
from RFC 3066bis.

On an aside, why is RFC 2616 normative? We have a complete
definition of language-range, so we don't need it normative
here. And I don't remember any other place where it is normative.

 >> - last paragraph: We have two MAYs here. These get combined with
 >>    the MAYs in the various matching scheme sections. And then this
 >>    gets combined with the implementation/protocol/application issue.
 >>    It may be worth checking whether the various matching sections
 >>    do not already cover, in one way or another, the MAYs in this
 >>    section, and if they do so almost but not quite, whether we
 >>    could not fix it.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >I don't think we can remove these MAYs: they define the syntax.

Not exactly. Syntax just says which things are extended language
ranges, and which are not. So we should just say that en-US and
en-*-US are extended language ranges.

The semantics of these ranges, although to some extent defined
in section 2, is really only fully clear from section 3. If it
turns out that under all (relevant) schemes, with all options,
en-US and en-*-US are indeed equivalent, we should say this
directly. If they are not equivalent for all schemes/options,
then we better remove these MAYs.

 >> - A lot of the advice in this section is dependent on which
 >>    matching scheme is used. It should therefore be moved to
 >>    section 4.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >"It" meaning the section? Or the advice?

The section, with the advice in it, or the advice, with
the section it is in, whichever you prefer :-).

 >> - 3rd para: 'users SHOULD avoid using these subtags': True
 >>    for filtering, wrong for lookup. Overall, we should be
 >>    clearer and say that for filtering, use the shortest
 >>    possible tags, or add shorter tags as an alternative to
 >>    longer ones [the text from the HTTP spec about adding 'en'
 >>    if you have 'en-GB' could be reused], but for lookup,
 >>    use longest possible tags to make sure you get your
 >>    preferred selection if it is available.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Users really should avoid extensions when doing lookup too.

Can you explain why? They don't hurt at all, or do they?

 >I agree about the second point, though. I need to mull over text (please
 >suggest some and a location?)

I suggested text from
http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.4:

Note: When making the choice of linguistic preference available to
       the user, we remind implementors of  the fact that users are not
       familiar with the details of language matching as described above,
       and should provide appropriate guidance. As an example, users
       might assume that on selecting "en-gb", they will be served any
       kind of English document if British English is not available. A
       user agent might suggest in such a case to add "en" to get the
       best matching behavior.

This doesn't exactly fit the viewpoint that our document takes,
so here's a very drafty rewrite.

For filtering, users should use the shortest applicable language
range, or should add shorter language ranges to a language priority
list after longer language ranges if they want to express their
priorities while also accessing more general content.
As an example, somebody who prefers British English, in addition
to "en-gb" should add "en" to their language priority list
to make sure English documents are found even if British
English isn't available.

As for location, after the place we talk about using longer
tags for lookup should work, or maybe even before.


 >> - 4th para: Having a numbered list here doesn't make sense,
 >>    it looks like just a continuation of the first three
 >>    paragraphs.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Very well. Changed to symbols. Previously we used numbers to make things
 >easier to reference...

No, what I meant is that it's strange to have a series of
paragraphs containing advice, and then suddenly a few
of them are numbered, or bulleted, or whatever.
Or in other words, in "Coosing a Language Range", I don't
understand why some parts are simple paragraphs, and others
are part of a list.

 >> - 4th para, 1.: "Implementations ... SHOULD ...": this
 >>    belongs into the relevant matching scheme sections,
 >>    not in the section about user advice. Same for the
 >>    rest of the numbered list.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Good point. Rewrote the bullet items here to make them applicable to users.
 >Then inserted this into the section on lookup:
 >
 >--
 ><t>Implementations SHOULD ignore extensions and unrecognized private-use
 >subtags when performing lookup, since these subtags are usually orthogonal
 >to the user's request.</t>

I still don't see why we need to say that. Longer tags
don't hurt lookup, and if the user put some subtags
there, it's probably because they mean it. Or did I get
something wrong here?

 >> - numbered list, 3.: "using either basic or extended language
 >>       ranges": I haven't found an option 'basic range only'
 >>       in Scored Filtering. If there is, it wouldn't make
 >>       sense to me, actually. So I propose we remove this
 >>       phrase, or change it to "using extended langugage ranges".
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >This might not have occurred to anyone else, but (well-formed, which is a
 >bit of a presumption) basic language ranges are already extended ranges

Yes. Maybe the best thing to do is to say so in the section on
extended ranges?

Regards,   Martin.

 >and
 >thus can be used in scored matching quite easily. Hence the text here. But
 >I changed it. 


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Why do we need to make distinctions between ranges and tags,
and between internal and trailing components in ranges? It
seems it would all be the same if every missing piece (after
suppress-script expansion, see separate mail) were converted
into a '*'. And it would simplify the explanation considerably.

Thinking about it a bit more, there are examples where this
wouldn't work. Take

tag: de-DE-1996, expanded: (de, *, DE, 1996)
range: de-DE, expanded: (de, *, DE, "")

For the last field, neither are they identical, nor is
one of them "*", so we would get a mismatch, with distance 1.
It's very unclear to me why we should get 1 here, and 0
in the reverse case. In filtering, shorter ranges are supposed
to match longer tags, not the other way round.

So I think this should be changed to work the other way round.

Regards,   Martin.


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[co-chair hat off]

and on we go...

3.1 Choosing a Type of Matching, continued.
- third-to-last para: I find the HTTP example problematic.
   It somehow suggests that is what HTTP says. As Mark has explained,
   it is close to what servers do, but not what the spec says.
   It also ignores the possibility of "300 Multiple Choices"
   responses (see
   http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.1)
   I'm not exactly sure what to do, probably the best thing is
   to find another example.
- second-to-last para: 'examine the values': What exactly does
   that mean? Maybe change to something like "don't need any
   additional information about any specific subtags".
- dito: "Language Registry Subtag": Please provide a reference
   (to draft-initial, I guess)
- dito, last sentence: simplify to "This simplifies and speeds
   up implementations." (you can add 'greatly' if you want to keep it)
- last para: I think this paragraph should be moved to section 4.

3.2 Filtering
- 1st para: 'arbitrary number' -> 'arbitrarily large number' ?
- 2nd para: '_least_ specific': please add that it is therefore
   shortest
- third bullet: 'in specific range' -> 'in a specific range';
   also, 'range of languages' is similar (but not the same as)
   'language range' (the former being semantics, the later syntax),
   so maybe a different word from 'range' is better.
- 3rd last para: 'would put ... priority order' ->
   'would order the results [by priority]' ?
- last para: 'each language tag to a language range':
   unclear why 'each' on one side, but 'a' on the other side,
   suggest to use 'a' for both
- dito: distance indicated -> distance indicates
- dito, last sentence: 'or it can': what does 'it' refer to?
   maybe 'implementations', but then numbers don't match

3.2.1 Filtering with Basic ...
- There is nothing explaining what happens with language
   priority lists.

3.2.2 Filtering with Extended ...
- 1st para: 'Extended Range Matching scheme': is that the
   terminology we use? The term 'basic matching' is also
   used in this paragraph, but lower case.
- dito: we should first describe how a single extended language
   range matches, and only then go to describe how language
   priority lists are dealt with.

3.2.3 Scored Filtering
- 1st para: 'beneficial' -> 'useful' (beneficial sounds a bit
   too much like we're trying to save the world)
- 2nd para: 'must be canonicalized' -> 'MUST ...' ?
- 3rd para: 'language element': I checked RFC 3066bis, and
   didn't find 'element' at all. Please allign terminology.
- 4th para: 'language-tag' -> 'language tag'
- dito: Thus a pattern ...: merge with following list.
   (if not, then at least change 'a pattern' to 'the pattern')
- "Examples of various tag's distances": "tag's" -> "tags'"
- "might give a small distance to the difference closely related"
   -> "might give a small distance to closely related"
- The paragraph with that sentence, and the examples following,
   seem to turn up in slightly different form in other places.
   Please check if it doesn't make sense to move that topic
   to a general place.
- Region: UM: add a parenthesis at the end of that line

3.3 Lookup
- General: This is a long section, I propose to create some
   subsections, as follows:
   - one for the general stuff at the start
   - one for the discussion of priority lists (in -07 starting
     just before the end of page 15)
   - one for extended language ranges (after what's Figure 8
     in -07)
- 1st para: talk about single language ranges only here,
   about priority lists later.
- "only the closest matching item ...": Add something to say
   that it's returned only if it is less specific.
- "Selection of a graphic containing text": I don't like
   this example, because it is bad accessibility practice.
- after bullet list: "in the Lookup scheme": probably better
   lower-case.
- same para: 'would progressively search': Change to
   "progressively searches"
- There are about 6 cases in the draft where 'zh' turned
   into 'z.', please change back.
- "as with xml:lang in the XML specification":
   - This may be understood to mean use of xml:lang in the
     specification itself. Please clarify.
   - A reference to the XML spec should be added non-normatively.

More to follow tomorrow.     Regards,   Martin. 


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--On tirsdag, desember 06, 2005 17:39:58 +0900 Martin Duerst 
<duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp> wrote:

> [co-chair hat off]
> This is a proposal that both Doug and I liked, and that
> I don't understand why it shouldn't work, so I'm bringing
> it up again here. Doug also pointed out that we need
> have the necessary information anyway.
>
> For scored filtering, I propose to exand both ranges
> and tags with suppress-script. This means that
> de-DE becomes de-Latn-DE, and thus doesn't match
> de-Brai-DE, in contrast to de-*-DE, which of course
> would match de-Brai-DE.

This of course demands access to the registry, and the results will vary 
based on which date the registry was incorporated/consulted.
But since this is already implicit in section 3.2.3:

   First both the extended language range and the language tags to be
   matched to it must be canonicalized by mapping grandfathered and
   obsolete tags into modern equivalents.

I see this as a reasonable thing to do.
Note: draft-ietf-ltru-initial-06 has 125 "Suppress-Script" tags, and 481 
entries with "Type: Language". It's possible that there'll be a number of 
updates requested if this proves popular and useful.

                        Harald




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Martin Duerst scripsit:

> For scored filtering, I propose to exand both ranges
> and tags with suppress-script. This means that
> de-DE becomes de-Latn-DE, and thus doesn't match
> de-Brai-DE, in contrast to de-*-DE, which of course
> would match de-Brai-DE.

+1

-- 
But you, Wormtongue, you have done what you could for your true master.  Some
reward you have earned at least.  Yet Saruman is apt to overlook his bargains.
I should advise you to go quickly and remind him, lest he forget your faithful
service.  --Gandalf             John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>

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To: "'Addison Phillips'" <addison.phillips@quest.com>,
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Summary of comments, draft-ietf-ltru-matching-07
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Addison Phillips [mailto:addison.phillips@quest.com] 
> Sent: Tuesday, December 06, 2005 11:43 AM
> To: Harald Tveit Alvestrand; LTRU Working Group
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Summary of comments, draft-ietf-ltru-matching-07
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] 
> On Behalf Of
> > Harald Tveit Alvestrand
> > Sent: Monday, December 05, 2005 11:51 PM
> > To: LTRU Working Group
> > Subject: [Ltru] Summary of comments, draft-ietf-ltru-matching-07

[snip]

> > - The spec needs to make up its mind about whether it's 
> specifying an
> > algorithm for the IETF standards track or giving a bunch of 
> useful advice
> > to people writing language tag matching functions. If it's 
> the former,
> > EVERY SINGLE INSTANCE of "an implementation MAY decide 
> to...", where that
> > can affect the returned result, needs to be removed from 
> the specification.
> [Addison Phillips] 
> 
> I agree kind-of. If this document were to go on the STD 
> track, then I completely agree. But as an editor I received 
> instructions immediately following the draft-registry period 
> (off-list) that we could not make that determination. If we 
> are to change to the STD track (which I have no objection to) 
> then various document changes would need to be incorporated 
> to support that.

The group is going to have to think about this and produce a recommendation
before the document is submitted for AD and IESG evaluation.  The IESG will
ultimately decide if that recommendation is acceptable, but the requested
publication status usually comes from the working group.

-Scott-


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue Dec 06 12:16:51 2005
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Date: Tue, 06 Dec 2005 18:16:10 +0100
From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>
To: Addison Phillips <addison.phillips@quest.com>,
	LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Tag lookup redefinition (RE: [Ltru] Summary of comments,
	draft-ietf-ltru-matching-07)
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(breaking the stuff apart into separate threads - we seem to agree on the 
first one, so ignoring that)

--On tirsdag, desember 06, 2005 08:42:38 -0800 Addison Phillips 
<addison.phillips@quest.com> wrote:

>> - The lookup function, as designed, is broken. It introduces truncation
>> of language tags outside of the user's control, and it prefers truncated
>> versions of early tags in a LPL to full versions of later ones.
> [Addison Phillips]
>
> I'm not sure I understand what you think is broken here. Lookup searches
> for content based on the idea that prefixes are mutually intelligible. It
> merely reverses which piece (the tag or the range) is looked at as the
> prefix.
>

[Addison Phillips]

I'm not sure I understand what you think is broken here. Lookup searches 
for content based on the idea that prefixes are mutually intelligible. It 
merely reverses which piece (the tag or the range) is looked at as the 
prefix.

This may be "broken" from your point of view, but it is, de facto, how many 
systems actually work. My "quarrel", if you can call it that, with Mark is 
that the text is starting to diverge from the way that these mechanisms are 
actually implemented, which makes me nervous.
de facto, how
> many systems actually work. My "quarrel", if you can call it that, with
> Mark is that the text is starting to diverge from the way that these
> mechanisms are actually implemented, which makes me nervous.

I think that it's broken in two ways.

First:
If the language range in a lookup is:

 zh-Hant, en-GB

and the available objects for matching have tags:

 zh-Hant-TW en-GB zh-Hans-CN zh

then returning an object labelled "zh-Hant-TW" is consistent with user 
expectations.
Matching an object labelled "zh" is not - and that is what the current 
algorithm of "truncate first, move on later" will produce.

Second:
If the language range in a lookup is:

  zh-Hant, en, zh-Hans

and the available objects for matching have tags:

  en-GB zh-Hans

then returning an object labelled "en-GB" is consistent with user 
expectations, and returning an object labelled "zh-Hans" is not - and that 
is what the current algorithm of "truncate from the language range, not the 
language tag" will produce.

WRT running code:
If you have reference to source-available implementations, I'd like to look 
at what they actually do - but it would be no surprise to find that they 
behave in ways that I would never WANT software to behave in certain 
situations. That's why we discuss....

                         Harald







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+1

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> John.Cowan
> Sent: Tuesday, December 06, 2005 9:36 AM
> To: Martin Duerst
> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] scored filtering and supress script
> 
> 
> Martin Duerst scripsit:
> 
> > For scored filtering, I propose to exand both ranges
> > and tags with suppress-script. This means that
> > de-DE becomes de-Latn-DE, and thus doesn't match
> > de-Brai-DE, in contrast to de-*-DE, which of course
> > would match de-Brai-DE.
> 
> +1
> 
> -- 
> But you, Wormtongue, you have done what you could for your 
> true master.  Some
> reward you have earned at least.  Yet Saruman is apt to 
> overlook his bargains.
> I should advise you to go quickly and remind him, lest he 
> forget your faithful
> service.  --Gandalf             John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> 

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue Dec 06 12:33:00 2005
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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
To: "'Addison Phillips'" <addison.phillips@quest.com>, Martin Duerst
	<duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
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Addison Phillips wrote:
> 
> See below.
> 
> Addison P. Phillips
> Globalization Architect, Quest Software
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
> > Sent: Monday, December 05, 2005 10:15 PM
> > To: Addison Phillips; LTRU Working Group
> > Subject: RE: [Ltru] implementation, application, protocol
> > 
[snip]
> > At 02:43 05/12/06, Addison Phillips wrote:
> > We use 'mechanism' twice above, and now change to 'scheme', 
> which makes
> > it unclear whether these are the same or not. Either use 'scheme'
> > throughout, or use a phare such as "matching mechanism, hereafter
> > called matching scheme".
> [Addison Phillips] 
> 
> I changed (as noted above) to use scheme again. I don't 
> really like the connotations of the English word "scheme", 
> which invokes a sense of melodrama for me, but what the heck.

I much prefer using 'matching method' (not mechanism).  'Scheme' is
widely confused with 'schema' and both are used too loosely in
standards.

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue Dec 06 12:49:45 2005
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From: "John.Cowan" <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
To: Scott Hollenbeck <sah@428cobrajet.net>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Summary of comments, draft-ietf-ltru-matching-07
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Scott Hollenbeck scripsit:

> The group is going to have to think about this and produce a recommendation
> before the document is submitted for AD and IESG evaluation.  The IESG will
> ultimately decide if that recommendation is acceptable, but the requested
> publication status usually comes from the working group.

My understanding (which may be out of date) was that the whole point of
splitting RFC 3066 into registration and matching drafts was that
matching was unsuitable for a BCP.  I didn't see why, since the matching
parts of 3066 basically said "This is how 2616 does it", but I wasn't
going to argue with the PTB.  Then there was talk of registration and
matching jointly representing BCP 47.

As I read the matching draft, it says what protocols/implementations
MUST do.  That smells like a standards-track RFC to me.

Comments?

-- 
Yes, chili in the eye is bad, but so is your    John Cowan
ear.  However, I would suggest you wash your    jcowan@reutershealth.com
hands thoroughly before going to the toilet.    http://www.reutershealth.com
        --gadicath                              http://www.ccil.org/~cowan

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Addison Phillips scripsit:

> I changed (as noted above) to use scheme again. I don't really like
> the connotations of the English word "scheme", which invokes a sense
> of melodrama for me, but what the heck.

That's en-us.  In en-gb, "scheme" just means "plan", with no sense of
the underhanded.  The British government is constantly announcing 
this, that, or the other "scheme".

-- 
There is / One art                      John Cowan <jcowan@reutershealth.com>
No more / No less                       http://www.reutershealth.com
To do / All things                      http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
With art- / Lessness                     -- Piet Hein

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To: Addison Phillips <addison.phillips@quest.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Scored Filtering: Expansion of tags and ranges
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Addison Phillips scripsit:

> In other words, is range "de-DE" equivalent to tag "de-Brai-DE"? Or is it just a "pretty good" match?

Since you are not allowed to say "de-Latn-DE" thanks to the Suppress-script
setting, we have to interpret "de-DE" as *meaning* "de-Latn-DE", in which
case "de-Brai-DE" is a match in language only, same as "az-Cyrl" vs. "az-Arab".

-- 
John Cowan  www.reutershealth.com  www.ccil.org/~cowan  jcowan@reutershealth.com
The Penguin shall hunt and devour all that is crufty, gnarly and
bogacious; all code which wriggles like spaghetti, or is infested with
blighting creatures, or is bound by grave and perilous Licences shall it
capture.  And in capturing shall it replicate, and in replicating shall
it document, and in documentation shall it bring freedom, serenity and
most cool froodiness to the earth and all who code therein.  --Gospel of Tux

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue Dec 06 23:58:55 2005
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Date: Tue, 06 Dec 2005 23:46:47 +0100
From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>
To: Addison Phillips <addison.phillips@quest.com>,
	LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] harald's comments...
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--On 6. desember 2005 10:40 -0800 Addison Phillips=20
<addison.phillips@quest.com> wrote:

> New editor's copy of draft-08 is on my website. It is getting really hard
> to find thing, since several sections have been moved. I suggest we
> update to draft-08 SOON.

publish early, publish often. Still 91 versions to go until the 2-digit=20
field overflows!




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Subject: [Ltru] Re: scored filtering and supress script
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Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald at alvestrand dot no> wrote:

> Note: draft-ietf-ltru-initial-06 has 125 "Suppress-Script" tags, and
> 481 entries with "Type: Language". It's possible that there'll be a
> number of updates requested if this proves popular and useful.

I favor registering as many of these (on ietf-languages) as possible 
that are non-controversial, to remove any real or imagined 
arbitrariness.

I'm sure I can pick out a language in a matter of seconds that should 
have an SS and doesn't... ah, here's one, "fil" for Filipino.  Should be 
Latn.

--
Doug Ewell
Fullerton, California, USA
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Addison Phillips wrote:
 
>> dito: "Language Registry Subtag": Please provide a reference
>>    (to draft-initial, I guess)
 
> We can't really reference draft-initial.

You could (informative reference), but as placeholder for the
"real" registry it's a dubious idea.

> How about we reference where it is defined, i.e. RFC 3066bis
> (draft-registry), Section 3?

Or use the "real" IANA URL (TBD) of the tag registry, it will
exist before the matching draft gets an RFC number.  Ideally
it will be <URL:http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-tags>.

It's ready when the "IANA" flag in the queue will be removed:
http://www.rfc-editor.org/queue.html#draft-ietf-ltru-registry

                           Bye, Frank



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Martin Duerst <duerst at it dot aoyama dot ac dot jp> wrote:

> 3.1 Choosing a Type of Matching, continued.
> ...
> - dito: "Language Registry Subtag": Please provide a reference
>   (to draft-initial, I guess)

Any reference to the registry per se had better not contain a pointer to 
draft-initial.  That document is most emphatically not the registry 
itself (and it says so), and it will be out of date almost immediately 
upon publication, as some of us will be leaning on the Reviewer to make 
six ISO 639-based additions and changes as soon as the registry becomes 
available.

--
Doug Ewell
Fullerton, California, USA
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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John.Cowan wrote:

> That smells like a standards-track RFC to me.  Comments?

+1



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Addison Phillips wrote:

>> HTA: ABNF error. Case insensitivty means that the two
>> alternatives are equal.
 
> Comment: Gee... now you tell us :-). This is a direct
> quote from 3066bis.

02-21: <http://mid.gmane.org/4219E909.480E@xyzzy.claranet.de>
03-17: <http://mid.gmane.org/4238D9DE.3D55@xyzzy.claranet.de>
06-14: <http://mid.gmane.org/4219E909.480E@xyzzy.claranet.de>
06-15: <http://mid.gmane.org/42B01B28.5183@xyzzy.claranet.de>
06-15: <http://mid.gmane.org/42B03AA5.65D5@xyzzy.claranet.de>
08-09: <http://mid.gmane.org/42B03AA5.65D5@xyzzy.claranet.de>

Well, we discussed it, didn't we ?  <g>

> I suggest we update to draft-08 SOON.

Let Martin and Harald finish their round with draft -07.  I'm
lazy and wait for -08.  Nobody needs the matching stuff soon:

When the registry exists it will take some time to register
missing Suppress-Scripts, and to add the tags on Doug's watch
list (stuff introduced after date-B = 2005-10-16).  Bye, Frank



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At 21:53 05/12/06, Harald Tveit Alvestrand wrote:
 >
 >
 >--On tirsdag, desember 06, 2005 17:39:58 +0900 Martin Duerst 
<duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp> wrote:
 >
 >> [co-chair hat off]
 >> This is a proposal that both Doug and I liked, and that
 >> I don't understand why it shouldn't work, so I'm bringing
 >> it up again here. Doug also pointed out that we need
 >> have the necessary information anyway.
 >>
 >> For scored filtering, I propose to exand both ranges
 >> and tags with suppress-script. This means that
 >> de-DE becomes de-Latn-DE, and thus doesn't match
 >> de-Brai-DE, in contrast to de-*-DE, which of course
 >> would match de-Brai-DE.
 >
 >This of course demands access to the registry, and the results will vary 
based on which date the registry was incorporated/consulted.
 >But since this is already implicit in section 3.2.3:

Yes, exactly. This is what I meant when I wrote "Doug also pointed
out that we need have the necessary information anyway." above.

 >   First both the extended language range and the language tags to be
 >   matched to it must be canonicalized by mapping grandfathered and
 >   obsolete tags into modern equivalents.
 >
 >I see this as a reasonable thing to do.
 >Note: draft-ietf-ltru-initial-06 has 125 "Suppress-Script" tags, and 481 
entries with "Type: Language". It's possible that there'll be a number of 
updates requested if this proves popular and useful.

Yes indeed. There are a lot of languages that in practice are written
only or highly predominantly with one script, but do not yet have the
appropriate "Suppress-Script" information.

Regards,    Martin. 


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From: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] implementation, application, protocol
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[co-chair hat off]

Just some confirmations that I'm okay with your changes.

At 01:58 05/12/07, Addison Phillips wrote:
 >See below.
 >
 >Addison P. Phillips
 >Globalization Architect, Quest Software
 >
 >Internationalization is not a feature.
 >It is an architecture.
 >
 >> -----Original Message-----
 >> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
 >> Sent: Monday, December 05, 2005 10:15 PM
 >> To: Addison Phillips; LTRU Working Group
 >> Subject: RE: [Ltru] implementation, application, protocol
 >>
 >> At 02:43 05/12/06, Addison Phillips wrote:

 >>  >--
 >>  ><t>Given a set of language identifiers, such as those defined in <xref
 >>  >target="RFC3066bis" />, various mechanisms can be envisioned for
 >> performing
 >>  >language negotiation and tag matching. </t>
 >>  >
 >>  ><t>This document defines  several mechanisms for matching, selecting, or
 >>  >filtering content whose natural language is identified using Language
 >> Tags
 >>  ><xref target="RFC3066bis" />, as well as the syntax (called a "language
 >>  >range") associated with each of these mechanisms for specifying the
 >> user's
 >>  >language preferences.
 >>
 >> Can we turn this around, and mention the syntax first, and then the
 >> matching mechanisms, to have this in document order?
 >> Also, should we change 'selecting' to 'lookup' to allign terminology?
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Okay. How about:
 >
 >--
 >This document defines  a syntax (called a <xref target="langrange">language
 >range</xref>) for specifying a user's language preferences, as well as
 >several schemes for selecting or filtering content by comparing language
 >ranges to the <xref target="RFC3066bis">language tags</xref> used to
 >identify the natural language of that content.
 >---

fine.

 >>  >Applications, protocols, or specifications will have
 >>  >varying needs and requirements that affect the choice of a suitable
 >>  >mechanism. Depending on the matching scheme,
 >>
 >> We use 'mechanism' twice above, and now change to 'scheme', which makes
 >> it unclear whether these are the same or not. Either use 'scheme'
 >> throughout, or use a phare such as "matching mechanism, hereafter
 >> called matching scheme".
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >I changed (as noted above) to use scheme again. I don't really like the
 >connotations of the English word "scheme", which invokes a sense of
 >melodrama for me, but what the heck.

okay. I don't have any such connotations, luckily.

 >>  >there are various options left to
 >>
 >> Can we change "left to" to "for selection by", or something similar
 >> that is more active in nature? (same again below)
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >What an ungainly set of sentences this turned out to be. I suggest we use
 >instead (at least until we adopt Harald's suggestion):
 >
 >--
 >Protocols that implement a matching scheme either need to choose a
 >particular option or indicate that the particular option is left to the
 >specific implementation to decide.
 >--

okay. 


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At 02:16 05/12/07, Harald Tveit Alvestrand wrote:

 >--On tirsdag, desember 06, 2005 08:42:38 -0800 Addison Phillips 
<addison.phillips@quest.com> wrote:
 >
 >>> - The lookup function, as designed, is broken. It introduces truncation
 >>> of language tags outside of the user's control, and it prefers truncated
 >>> versions of early tags in a LPL to full versions of later ones.
 >> [Addison Phillips]
 >>
 >> I'm not sure I understand what you think is broken here. Lookup searches
 >> for content based on the idea that prefixes are mutually intelligible. It
 >> merely reverses which piece (the tag or the range) is looked at as the
 >> prefix.
 >This may be "broken" from your point of view, but it is, de facto, how 
many systems actually work. My "quarrel", if you can call it that, with 
Mark is that the text is starting to diverge from the way that these 
mechanisms are actually implemented, which makes me nervous.
 >de facto, how
 >> many systems actually work. My "quarrel", if you can call it that, with
 >> Mark is that the text is starting to diverge from the way that these
 >> mechanisms are actually implemented, which makes me nervous.
 >
 >I think that it's broken in two ways.
 >
 >First:
 >If the language range in a lookup is:
 >
 > zh-Hant, en-GB
 >
 >and the available objects for matching have tags:
 >
 > zh-Hant-TW en-GB zh-Hans-CN zh
 >
 >then returning an object labelled "zh-Hant-TW" is consistent with user 
expectations.
 >Matching an object labelled "zh" is not - and that is what the current 
algorithm of "truncate first, move on later" will produce.

The problem with the above example is that the content is labeled
with too much detail. The principle (currently used) for lookup
is to be as specific as possible for ranges, but to be general
on the content side. So the conclusion may simply be that the above
content is labeled too specificly. Changing the content labels to
    zh-Hant en-GB zh-Hans
would make this example work. Please note that this refers only
to the labels that the content is looked up with, which do not
necessarily have to be the same as those the content is actually
labeled with (e.g. we could have an extension corresponding to
zh-Hant on the filename, while internally, it would say
xml:lang='zh-Hant-TW'). Of course, we should consider the
repercussions this has for content management.

There is another aspect, however, than can also hurt this scheme.
Take again a language priority list of:
    zh-Hant, en-GB
and assume we have
    zh, en
as content, where zh is actually zh-Hans. Then we get simplified
Chinese back to somebody who may not be able to read it. Again,
the problem can be solved by fixing the content labeling: Change
zh to zh-Hans if it is indeed simplified.

But thinking this through, we get into a series of recommendations
for both sides:
- Recommendation for user (1): Be as specific as you like. You'll
   get the more general stuff anyway as a fallback.
- Recommendation for content provider (1): Do not be more specific
   than necessary. Some users may use more generic ranges, in which
   case your content won't be used.
- Recommendation for content provider (2): Do not be too general.
   Do not use tags that leave out information that makes or breaks
   intellegibility for users.
- Recommendation for users (2): Do not be too general. Do not use
   ranges that leave out information that makes or breaks
   intellegibility for other users, because servers won't use
   them, and your ranges won't match. If you understand more than
   one 'version' of a language that in generall are not considered
   mutually intellegible, list them both, in your preference.

This probably still leaves out some corner cases. The whole
exercise shows that there is a balance, and maybe in some
cases even a tug-of-war between tags and ranges used by
clients and servers.

For the zh case, this would lead to servers using zh-Hans and
zh-Hant, only something more specific if they e.g. have
several country alternatives (but in that case also serving
one of them under a generic tag), and not using zh only
because its variants are not mutually intellegible in
the general public. Users would use zh-Hans and zh-Hant,
as appropriate, or something more specific, but not simply
zh, because that wouldn't match.


 From the thread between Harald and Addison:

[Harald]
 > - The lookup function, as designed, is broken. It introduces truncation of
 > language tags outside of the user's control, and it prefers truncated
 > versions of early tags in a LPL to full versions of later ones.

[Addison Phillips]
 >I'm not sure I understand what you think is broken here. Lookup searches 
for content >based on the idea that prefixes are mutually intelligible.

Which we know isn't true (unless we avoid content labeled with such prefixes).

 >It merely reverses which >piece (the tag or the range) is looked at as 
the prefix.

 >This may be "broken" from your point of view, but it is, de facto, how 
many systems >actually work. My "quarrel", if you can call it that, with 
Mark is that the text is >starting to diverge from the way that these 
mechanisms are actually implemented, which >makes me nervous.

[Harald]
 > A much better lookup function is simply "use matching and pick the
 > highest-scoring result; if the result set is empty, use default". User
 > interfaces can do the expansion IF they decide it's useful to do so.

[Addison Phillips]
 >Locale-based resource/message catalog systems do not work this way: they 
use lookup as >described by the draft. Any number of Web technologies (both 
J2EE and ASP.Net come >instantly to mind) do the same with static or 
semi-static content. There is a >deterministic search though the available 
material, exhausting each range before moving >on to the next, that is 
undertaken in the language negotiation.

I think one additional reason for doing this is providing a *consistent*
user experience. Assume a user has a preference of

en-gb, fr

Falling back to prefixes assures that e.g. en is choosen when en-gb is not
available. In cases where a user navigates a Web site, it is a more
consistent experience to go through pages that are all in English
(even if slightly different style) than to flip between English and
French pages. Even more so for cases where a single page is patched
together from different content pieces.

Regards,   Martin. 


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At 07:46 05/12/07, Harald Tveit Alvestrand wrote:
 >
 >--On 6. desember 2005 10:40 -0800 Addison Phillips 
<addison.phillips@quest.com> wrote:
 >
 >> New editor's copy of draft-08 is on my website. It is getting really hard
 >> to find thing, since several sections have been moved. I suggest we
 >> update to draft-08 SOON.
 >
 >publish early, publish often. Still 91 versions to go until the 2-digit 
field overflows!

[co-chair hat off]

I hoped to be able to send in comments on all parts of the draft
before a republication :-).

[co-chair hat on]
Given the number of comments and changes in the recent days,
just go ahead, Addison.

Regards,   Martin. 


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[as a co-chair] Making this a separate issue for easier discussion.

[as a technical contributor]
This is picking up a comment of Harald's that is in conflict
with a comment that I made.

[Harald]
 > - The writing is inconsistent about what the inputs and outputs of a
 > matching function is. Sometimes it talks about language ranges, sometimes
 > it talks about language priority lists. I think it needs to always describe
 > the function in terms of language priority lists.

I disagree with the above. I think that a consistent description
is very important, but I think it's much easier to do this bottom-up,
i.e. first describe how a single language range matches (or doesn't
match) a language tag, then talk about how this works for lists.

These are the reasons for my proposal:

- There are some cases (e.g. style application (CSS) where
   there are no lists at all, just a range and a tag to match.
- Language priority lists aren't fully specified in our draft.
   There are both issues of syntax (e.g. what separator to use,...)
   and other issues such as q-values, and so on.
- It helps organize the description. It should also make
   implementation easier.


[Addison Phillips]
 > I completely agree. Actually, the LPL bits come from my efforts to 
change the text in that direction, having recognized that this is how each 
algorithm will be implemented.

Are you saying that implementations don't have code (most probably
some function or method) to compare a single range to a single tag?


Regards,    Martin. 


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Comments below. Simple "done"s and "fixed"s are acknowledged and removed.

At 06:06 05/12/07, Addison Phillips wrote:

 >> -----Original Message-----
 >> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
 >> Martin Duerst

 >> 3.1 Choosing a Type of Matching, continued.
 >> - third-to-last para: I find the HTTP example problematic.
 >>    It somehow suggests that is what HTTP says. As Mark has explained,
 >>    it is close to what servers do, but not what the spec says.
 >>    It also ignores the possibility of "300 Multiple Choices"
 >>    responses (see
 >>    http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.1)
 >>    I'm not exactly sure what to do, probably the best thing is
 >>    to find another example.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Return a 300 for a 404? Ick.

Apache did this quite a bit before the introduced the directives
to set default languages,...
And in some way, it actually makes quite a bit of sense.
If you (or your browser) tells the server that you understand
English and German, and the server has French and Chinese,
then it may be better to send you back a page saying
"Sorry, your choice is not available, but we have French or Chinese,
which do you want" than to just send you Chinese and let you find
another language version from somewhere on that Chinese page.
There may even be a chance to have at least the "multiple choice"
page in a large number of languages.

 >I agree a better example is called for. How about a more generic:
 >
 >--
 >For example, if process were to insert a human readable error message into
 >a protocol header, it might select the text based on the user's language
 >preference. Since it can return only one item, it must choose a single item
 >and it must return some item, even if no content matches the language
 >priority list supplied by the user.
 >--

okay.

 >> - second-to-last para: 'examine the values': What exactly does
 >>    that mean? Maybe change to something like "don't need any
 >>    additional information about any specific subtags".
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >No, I think it is more general than that: they do not care about the
 >contents other than to find the boundaries between the subtags. This is a
 >source of great efficiency, at the expense of certain kinds of error
 >checking or more interesting processing (such as equating 'no' and 'nb').
 >How about:
 >
 >--
 ><t hangText="Note: ">Most types of matching in this document are designed
 >so that implementations are not required to validate or understand any of
 >the semantics of the subtags supplied and, except for scored filtering,
 >they do not need access to the Language Subtag Registry. This has great
 >benefit for speed and simplicity of implementation.</t>
 >--

okay.

 >> - dito: "Language Registry Subtag": Please provide a reference
 >>    (to draft-initial, I guess)
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >We can't really reference draft-initial. How about we reference where it is
 >defined, i.e. RFC 3066bis (draft-registry), Section 3?

Fine with me.

 >> - dito, last sentence: simplify to "This simplifies and speeds
 >>    up implementations." (you can add 'greatly' if you want to keep it)
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >How about:
 >
 >--
 >This simplifies and speeds the performance of implementations.
 >--
 >
 >("Speeds up" could be read to mean implementation time)

Okay.

 >> - last para: I think this paragraph should be moved to section 4.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Not sure. Kept in place for now.

I'll probably come back to this on my next read.

 >> - 2nd para: '_least_ specific': please add that it is therefore
 >>    shortest
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Sentence changed to:
 >
 >--
 >In filtering, the language range represents the <spanx>least</spanx>
 >specific (that is, the fewest number of subtags) language tag which is an
 >acceptable match.
 >--
 >
 >Note that "shortest" in characters isn't always the least specific.

Ok, good point.

 >> - third bullet: 'in specific range' -> 'in a specific range';
 >>    also, 'range of languages' is similar (but not the same as)
 >>    'language range' (the former being semantics, the later syntax),
 >>    so maybe a different word from 'range' is better.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Done. Used "set of languages" in place of various range locutions, which is
 >in keeping with the use of LPLs instead of ranges in the schemes.

I think Mark specifically didn't like 'set', because it's different
from list.

 >> - last para: 'each language tag to a language range':
 >>    unclear why 'each' on one side, but 'a' on the other side,
 >>    suggest to use 'a' for both
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Changed to read:
 >
 >--
 >A distance metric assigns a numeric value to the comparison of each
 >language tag to each language range that represents the 'distance' between
 >the two.
 >--

I agree that strictly speaking, it's "each", but that's
usually understood when using "a" (meaning "an arbitrary"),
and

 >>>>
A distance metric assigns a numeric value to the comparison of a
language tag to a language range that represents the 'distance'
between the two.
 >>>>

in my view really is easier to read than your text.

 >> 3.2.1 Filtering with Basic ...
 >> - There is nothing explaining what happens with language
 >>    priority lists.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Fixed by rewriting the first para to match that in extended filtering.
 >>
 >> 3.2.2 Filtering with Extended ...
 >> - 1st para: 'Extended Range Matching scheme': is that the
 >>    terminology we use? The term 'basic matching' is also
 >>    used in this paragraph, but lower case.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Expunged this terminology in favor of filtering and no formal name for
 >each. Perhaps we should have formal names, tho?
 >
 >> - dito: we should first describe how a single extended language
 >>    range matches, and only then go to describe how language
 >>    priority lists are dealt with.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Actually, I went the opposite direction per Harald (and my own personal
 >preference). The schemes are all in terms of LPLs, with matching described
 >between ranges and tags.

See separate mail on this issue.

 >> - 3rd para: 'language element': I checked RFC 3066bis, and
 >>    didn't find 'element' at all. Please allign terminology.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >I clarified by making clear that "element" is actually an item of the
 >scored filtering scheme not defined elsewhere.

Will check on next round.

 >> - dito: Thus a pattern ...: merge with following list.
 >>    (if not, then at least change 'a pattern' to 'the pattern')
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >"thus the language range "*"...

ok.

 >> - The paragraph with that sentence, and the examples following,
 >>    seem to turn up in slightly different form in other places.
 >>    Please check if it doesn't make sense to move that topic
 >>    to a general place.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >It has different meaning here. I suspect that, with some additional
 >inspection, I can find the other generic instances and harvest them for
 >inclusion in Section 4 somewhere.

Please go ahead, at least with the inspection.

 >> 3.3 Lookup
 >> - General: This is a long section, I propose to create some
 >>    subsections, as follows:
 >>    - one for the general stuff at the start
 >>    - one for the discussion of priority lists (in -07 starting
 >>      just before the end of page 15)
 >>    - one for extended language ranges (after what's Figure 8
 >>      in -07)
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >
 >This section is heavily rewritten and now considerably shorter. Please
 >consider that first.

Will do.

 >> - 1st para: talk about single language ranges only here,
 >>    about priority lists later.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Went the opposite direction globally, as noted above.

Again, see separate mail.

 >> - "only the closest matching item ...": Add something to say
 >>    that it's returned only if it is less specific.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >Perhaps "closest" isn't the right term: it is the FIRST item found that is
 >returned. I split this into two sentences and added one that mirrors the
 >other types of matching:
 >
 >---
 >When performing lookup, each language range in the language priority list
 >is considered in turn, according to priority. By contrast with filtering,
 >each language ranges represents the <spanx>most</spanx> specific tag which
 >is an acceptable match. The first information item found with a matching
 >tag, according the user's priority, is considered the closest match and is
 >the item returned.
 >---

okay.

 >> - "Selection of a graphic containing text": I don't like
 >>    this example, because it is bad accessibility practice.
 >[Addison Phillips]
 >
 >I changed "graphic" to "item"...

okay.


Regards,   Martin. 


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Summary of comments, draft-ietf-ltru-matching-07
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At 14:48 05/12/07, Frank Ellermann wrote:
 >John.Cowan wrote:
 >
 >> That smells like a standards-track RFC to me.  Comments?
 >
 >+1

[as a technical contributor]

It seems to make sense to me, but I agree with Harald
that in that case, we have to be considerably more
precise (many less "MAY"s, even though I don't agree
with Harald that we have to completely eliminate them).

Regards,   Martin. 


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At 15:50 05/12/07, Frank Ellermann wrote:
 >Addison Phillips wrote:
 >
 >>> HTA: ABNF error. Case insensitivty means that the two
 >>> alternatives are equal.
 >
 >> Comment: Gee... now you tell us :-). This is a direct
 >> quote from 3066bis.
 >
 >02-21: <http://mid.gmane.org/4219E909.480E@xyzzy.claranet.de>
 >03-17: <http://mid.gmane.org/4238D9DE.3D55@xyzzy.claranet.de>
 >06-14: <http://mid.gmane.org/4219E909.480E@xyzzy.claranet.de>
 >06-15: <http://mid.gmane.org/42B01B28.5183@xyzzy.claranet.de>
 >06-15: <http://mid.gmane.org/42B03AA5.65D5@xyzzy.claranet.de>
 >08-09: <http://mid.gmane.org/42B03AA5.65D5@xyzzy.claranet.de>
 >
 >Well, we discussed it, didn't we ?  <g>

There are different ABNF checkers around. I'm not sure which
one Addison used. I'm quite sure which one Harald used: he
wrote his own. I think there was an IESG discuss on an ABNF
issue, which came from Bill Fenner, who also has his own
checker. And the one at http://www.apps.ietf.org/abnf.c
says it's by Chris Newman.

It is not really clear to me whether a syntax such as "x" / "X"
is indeed an error. It depends on whether you want to strictly
check whether a string is allowed or not (in which case it's
just redundant, not an error), or if you want to use the ABNF
to cut the syntax into pieces for further processing, in which
case you need a deterministic grammar, which the above is not.

This is an important distinction; it is one of the main
reasons why we e.g. have XML Schema and RelaxNG, the former
requiring the schema to be deterministic, whereas the later
doesn't.

On a quick reading of http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4234.txt,
I haven't found any indication that ABNFs have to be
deterministic. Of course, many if not most of them are,
because usually being able to process the syntax
deterministically is the point of the ABNF. But to determine
in general whether a syntax is deterministic or not isn't
that easy (the non-determinism can occur on a level much
higher than constants in the same rule.

Regards,   Martin. 


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--On 7. desember 2005 20:32 +0900 Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>=20
wrote:

> But thinking this through, we get into a series of recommendations
> for both sides:
> - Recommendation for user (1): Be as specific as you like. You'll
>    get the more general stuff anyway as a fallback.
> - Recommendation for content provider (1): Do not be more specific
>    than necessary. Some users may use more generic ranges, in which
>    case your content won't be used.
> - Recommendation for content provider (2): Do not be too general.
>    Do not use tags that leave out information that makes or breaks
>    intellegibility for users.
> - Recommendation for users (2): Do not be too general. Do not use
>    ranges that leave out information that makes or breaks
>    intellegibility for other users, because servers won't use
>    them, and your ranges won't match. If you understand more than
>    one 'version' of a language that in generall are not considered
>    mutually intellegible, list them both, in your preference.

My worry is that if the recommendations for the user and the content=20
provider are *opposite* for the lookup case and the matching case, this=20
creates a huge amount of headache when people are trying to use both within =

a single application, or with a single datastore.

I still haven't seen the convincing argument why they need to be opposite.

                    Harald


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Martin Duerst wrote:

> There are different ABNF checkers around. I'm not sure which
> one Addison used.

We used Bill's.  "x" / "X" is syntactically fine, same idea as
"odd or (not even)", maybe redundant, but no syntax error.  Test
c = "x" / "X"  at http://rtg.ietf.org/~fenner/abnf.cgi

> I'm quite sure which one Harald used: he wrote his own.

Yes, listed at <http://tools.ietf.org/inventory/verif-tools>,
but I killed perl on my box.  Probably it would also say that
c = "x" / "X"  is okay, syntactically.

> it's just redundant, not an error

That's what we decided for 3066bis, "rough consensus".  Only I
didn't _like_ it, but I didn't claim that it's a syntax error:

| Please get the okay of an ABNF expert like Bill, Ned, Bruce,
| Dave, Scott, or Harald for the ( "x" / "X" )
 <http://mid.gmane.org/42B01B28.5183@xyzzy.claranet.de>

> I haven't found any indication that ABNFs have to be
> deterministic.

Not required.  For USEFOR we abuse it as feature, abbreviated:

id-quote   = [id-text] id-special [id-text]
id-text    = 1*( atext / "." / id-special )
id-special = ".." / "\\" / ( "\" DQUOTE )

                    Bye, Frank

P.S. and OT:  still waiting for two comments about
1: <http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.org.w3c.uri/701> =>
   02-14 <http://article.gmane.org/gmane.org.w3c.uri/429/raw>
2: <http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.rfc822/11763> =>
   02-27 <http://article.gmane.org/gmane.ietf.rfc822/11337>



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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Frank Ellermann [mailto:nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de] 
> Sent: Wednesday, December 07, 2005 8:20 AM
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] Re: harald's comments...
> 
> Martin Duerst wrote:

[snip]

> Yes, listed at <http://tools.ietf.org/inventory/verif-tools>,
> but I killed perl on my box.  Probably it would also say that
> c = "x" / "X"  is okay, syntactically.
> 
> > it's just redundant, not an error
> 
> That's what we decided for 3066bis, "rough consensus".  Only I
> didn't _like_ it, but I didn't claim that it's a syntax error:
> 
> | Please get the okay of an ABNF expert like Bill, Ned, Bruce,
> | Dave, Scott, or Harald for the ( "x" / "X" )
>  <http://mid.gmane.org/42B01B28.5183@xyzzy.claranet.de>

The issue of case sensitivity is described in section 2.3 of RFC 4234.  To
summarize:

"ABNF strings are case-insensitive and the character set for these strings
is us-ascii."

"To specify a rule that IS case SENSITIVE, specify the characters
individually.

For example:

  rulename =  %d97 %d98 %d99"

So, the answer depends on what you're trying to specify.  Are you trying to
require case sensitivity or not?  If not, you can just use either "x" or "X"
without worrying about the other.  If so, you should be using ( "%x58" /
"%x78" ) or ( "%d88" / "%d120" ) depending on whichever base you prefer to
use.

-Scott-


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Scott Hollenbeck wrote:

> you can just use either "x" or "X" without worrying about
> the other.

Yes, here we managed to use both, and I worried about that.
No serious issue, nobody's tempted to (ab)use subtags x-foo
and X-foo with a different meaning.
                                   Bye, Frank



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Frank Ellermann wrote:
[snip]
> You could (informative reference), but as placeholder for the
> "real" registry it's a dubious idea.
> 
> > How about we reference where it is defined, i.e. RFC 3066bis
> > (draft-registry), Section 3?
> 
> Or use the "real" IANA URL (TBD) of the tag registry, it will
> exist before the matching draft gets an RFC number.  Ideally
> it will be <URL:http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-tags>.
> 

No.  The existing RFC 3066 registry is at the above URL.  The
new SUBtags registry MUST NOT simply overwrite the full tags
registry.  The existing full tags registry should have a note
inserted at the top by IANA stating that it's obsolete (and no 
longer maintained) when the subtags registry is available.

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
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Subject: [Ltru] draft-08 of ietf-ltru-matching
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Addison Phillips wrote:
 
> More differences will not be better, provided the ABNF is
> actually correct.

Yes, if Harald convinces you to say "x" instead of "x" / "X"
in -matching, then you could also update -registry in AUTH48
to reflect this.
                       Bye, Frank



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Wed Dec 07 17:17:00 2005
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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
To: "'Addison Phillips'" <addison.phillips@quest.com>, "McDonald, Ira"
	<imcdonald@sharplabs.com>,
	Frank Ellermann <nobody@xyzzy.claranet.de>, ltru@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: editorial comments on draft-07 (part 2)
Date: Wed, 7 Dec 2005 14:19:08 -0800 
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Hi,

Two different things - you're talking about labels in HTML.

Frank gave an actual HTTP URL (which happens to correspond=20
one-to-one to the current FTP URL). =20

It is exceedingly bad practice to blow away a registry at a=20
URL with a different registry with different semantics.

Keep your labels.  But let's behave well about durable URLs.

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Addison Phillips [mailto:addison.phillips@quest.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, December 07, 2005 12:24 PM
> To: McDonald, Ira; Frank Ellermann; ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: editorial comments on draft-07 (part 2)
>=20
>=20
> RTFM. RFC 3066bis says:
>=20
> --
> The new registry MUST be listed under "Language Tags" at=20
> http://www.iana.org/numbers.html, replacing the existing=20
> registrations defined by [RFC3066] (Alvestrand, H., =E2=80=9CTags for =

> the Identification of Languages,=E2=80=9D January 2001.). The=20
> existing set of registration forms and RFC 3066 registrations=20
> MUST be relabeled as "Language Tags (Obsolete)" and=20
> maintained (but not added to or modified).
> --
>=20
> Addison P. Phillips
> Globalization Architect, Quest Software
>=20
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.=20
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org]=20
> On Behalf Of
> > McDonald, Ira
> > Sent: Wednesday, December 07, 2005 8:31 AM
> > To: 'Frank Ellermann'; ltru@ietf.org
> > Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: editorial comments on draft-07 (part 2)
> >=20
> > Frank Ellermann wrote:
> > [snip]
> > > You could (informative reference), but as placeholder for the
> > > "real" registry it's a dubious idea.
> > >
> > > > How about we reference where it is defined, i.e. RFC 3066bis
> > > > (draft-registry), Section 3?
> > >
> > > Or use the "real" IANA URL (TBD) of the tag registry, it will
> > > exist before the matching draft gets an RFC number.  Ideally
> > > it will be <URL:http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-tags>.
> > >
> >=20
> > No.  The existing RFC 3066 registry is at the above URL.  The
> > new SUBtags registry MUST NOT simply overwrite the full tags
> > registry.  The existing full tags registry should have a note
> > inserted at the top by IANA stating that it's obsolete (and no
> > longer maintained) when the subtags registry is available.
> >=20
> > Cheers,
> > - Ira
> >=20
> > Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
> > Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
> > PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
> > phone: +1-906-494-2434
> > email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com
> >=20
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>=20

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Wed Dec 07 21:53:39 2005
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From: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: harald's comments...
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[co-chair hat on]

We have discussed this issue before, and came to a conclusion.
Harald said that "x" / "X" was an error. There have been various
statements showing that it isn't. I propose to close this issue
without any changes, so that we can move on and concentrate on
the other work we still have to do.

Regards,    Martin.

At 06:04 05/12/08, Addison Phillips wrote:
 >Content-class: urn:content-classes:message
 >Content-Type: text/plain;charset="UTF-8"
 >
 >Oh, wait, now I remember...
 >
 >Bill's parser yaks if I try:
 >
 >"a" - "w"
 >
 >I'm supposed to use character numbers for a range... but then I really am
 >forced to quote both upper and lower case character ranges, since character
 >values is how "case-sensitive" is done. And then it looks funny to do one
 >and not the other.
 >
 >I'm going to wrestle with it a bit more before giving up.
 >
 >Addison
 >
 >Addison P. Phillips
 >Globalization Architect, Quest Software
 >
 >Internationalization is not a feature.
 >It is an architecture.
 >
 >> -----Original Message-----
 >> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
 >> Frank Ellermann
 >> Sent: Wednesday, December 07, 2005 11:48 AM
 >> To: ltru@ietf.org
 >> Subject: [Ltru] Re: harald's comments...
 >>
 >> Addison Phillips wrote:
 >>
 >> > More differences will not be better, provided the ABNF is
 >> > actually correct.
 >>
 >> Yes, if Harald convinces you to say "x" instead of "x" / "X"
 >> in -matching, then you could also update -registry in AUTH48
 >> to reflect this.
 >>                        Bye, Frank
 >>
 >>
 >>
 >> _______________________________________________
 >> Ltru mailing list
 >> Ltru@ietf.org
 >> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
 >_______________________________________________
 >Ltru mailing list
 >Ltru@ietf.org
 >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru 


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[chair hat on]

At 02:18 05/12/08, Addison Phillips wrote:
 >+1
 >
 >If we wish to go down the STD track:
 >
 >1. I will need to modify the draft to indicate this.

Yes. But that's very easily done.

 >2. We ought to find out what effect this has on the publication of 3066bis,
 >since in theory that document is supposed to tandem with this one. I could
 >see the two in tandem when both were BCPs, but one BCP and one STD?!?
 >Incroyable.$B!!(BOkay, maybe that's a bit too melodramatic...

In my understanding, the main reason for the tandem is the obsoletion
of RFC 3066: The IESG/RFC Editor don't want to obsolete part of
RFC 3066 by publishing draft-registry without draft-matching.


 >3. We will (eventually) need to have implementations of each scheme. I
 >think we'll want this sooner rather than later to demonstrate whether each
 >scheme works the way we think it does.

Yes. As far as I understand, we already have implementations for
filtering with basic range (Apache HTTP), and we may have implementations
for lookup depending on how we end up with that. And if no implementations
come up, we will just have to drop that scheme when doing to Draft
Standard.

Currently, I understand Frank and Addison are for going the STD route.
Harald and me [as a technical contributor] seem to be okay with that.
What about others?

Regards,   Martin. 


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Great, thanks. I'll comment on any details (if I find some) in the
next round.                    Regards,    Martin.

At 02:08 05/12/08, Addison Phillips wrote:
 >There is the problem of text here. I propose the following:
 >
 ><t>For language tags that have no script subtag but whose language subtag's
 >record in the IANA Language Subtag Registry contains the field
 >"Suppress-Script", the script element in the quintuple MUST be set to the
 >script subtag in the Suppress-Script field. This is necessary because <xref
 >target="RFC3066bis"></xref> strongly recommends that users not use this
 >subtag to form language tags and this document recommends that users not
 >use them to form ranges. For example, if the script were not expanded in
 >this manner, a range such as "de-DE" would produce a more-distant score for
 >content that happened to be labeled "de-Latn-DE" than users would expect
 >that it should. Note that languages which have a "Suppress-Script" field in
 >the registry are predominantly written in a single script.</t>
 >
 >I also modified the following sentence to being with "Any remaining missing
 >components..."
 >
 >Addison P. Phillips
 >Globalization Architect, Quest Software
 >
 >Internationalization is not a feature.
 >It is an architecture.
 >
 >> -----Original Message-----
 >> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
 >> Martin Duerst
 >> Sent: Tuesday, December 06, 2005 10:34 PM
 >> To: Harald Tveit Alvestrand; LTRU Working Group
 >> Subject: Re: [Ltru] scored filtering and supress script
 >>
 >> At 21:53 05/12/06, Harald Tveit Alvestrand wrote:
 >>  >
 >>  >
 >>  >--On tirsdag, desember 06, 2005 17:39:58 +0900 Martin Duerst
 >> <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp> wrote:
 >>  >
 >>  >> [co-chair hat off]
 >>  >> This is a proposal that both Doug and I liked, and that
 >>  >> I don't understand why it shouldn't work, so I'm bringing
 >>  >> it up again here. Doug also pointed out that we need
 >>  >> have the necessary information anyway.
 >>  >>
 >>  >> For scored filtering, I propose to exand both ranges
 >>  >> and tags with suppress-script. This means that
 >>  >> de-DE becomes de-Latn-DE, and thus doesn't match
 >>  >> de-Brai-DE, in contrast to de-*-DE, which of course
 >>  >> would match de-Brai-DE.
 >>  >
 >>  >This of course demands access to the registry, and the results will vary
 >> based on which date the registry was incorporated/consulted.
 >>  >But since this is already implicit in section 3.2.3:
 >>
 >> Yes, exactly. This is what I meant when I wrote "Doug also pointed
 >> out that we need have the necessary information anyway." above.
 >>
 >>  >   First both the extended language range and the language tags to be
 >>  >   matched to it must be canonicalized by mapping grandfathered and
 >>  >   obsolete tags into modern equivalents.
 >>  >
 >>  >I see this as a reasonable thing to do.
 >>  >Note: draft-ietf-ltru-initial-06 has 125 "Suppress-Script" tags, and 481
 >> entries with "Type: Language". It's possible that there'll be a number of
 >> updates requested if this proves popular and useful.
 >>
 >> Yes indeed. There are a lot of languages that in practice are written
 >> only or highly predominantly with one script, but do not yet have the
 >> appropriate "Suppress-Script" information.
 >>
 >> Regards,    Martin.
 >>
 >>
 >> _______________________________________________
 >> Ltru mailing list
 >> Ltru@ietf.org
 >> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru 


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--On onsdag, desember 07, 2005 19:26:32 +0900 Martin Duerst 
<duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp> wrote:

> At 15:50 05/12/07, Frank Ellermann wrote:
>  >Addison Phillips wrote:
>  >
>  >>> HTA: ABNF error. Case insensitivty means that the two
>  >>> alternatives are equal.
>  >
>  >> Comment: Gee... now you tell us :-). This is a direct
>  >> quote from 3066bis.
>  >
>  >02-21: <http://mid.gmane.org/4219E909.480E@xyzzy.claranet.de>
>  >03-17: <http://mid.gmane.org/4238D9DE.3D55@xyzzy.claranet.de>
>  >06-14: <http://mid.gmane.org/4219E909.480E@xyzzy.claranet.de>
>  >06-15: <http://mid.gmane.org/42B01B28.5183@xyzzy.claranet.de>
>  >06-15: <http://mid.gmane.org/42B03AA5.65D5@xyzzy.claranet.de>
>  >08-09: <http://mid.gmane.org/42B03AA5.65D5@xyzzy.claranet.de>
>  >
>  >Well, we discussed it, didn't we ?  <g>
>
> There are different ABNF checkers around. I'm not sure which
> one Addison used. I'm quite sure which one Harald used: he
> wrote his own. I think there was an IESG discuss on an ABNF
> issue, which came from Bill Fenner, who also has his own
> checker. And the one at http://www.apps.ietf.org/abnf.c
> says it's by Chris Newman.

actually I used my eyeballs... my syntax checker is far less good than the 
newer alternatives.

And it's not strictly an ABNF error - my objection is to it being 
superfluous - it will leave people who know that ABNF is case insensitive 
about " " strings hunting for the sentence that says "in this case, we're 
using ABNF as if it was case sensitive" (there is none), and making people 
who don't know that ABNF is case insensitive assume that it is.

I prefer not to have it. But if the WG has reached consensus that this 
should be that way.... sigh; I'll let you have it.

                    Harald




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Martin Duerst <duerst at it dot aoyama dot ac dot jp> wrote:

> Currently, I understand Frank and Addison are for going the STD route.
> Harald and me [as a technical contributor] seem to be okay with that.
> What about others?

Agnostic.  Whatever you guys feel is best in this regard.

--
Doug Ewell
Fullerton, California, USA
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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As long as it doesn't delay 3066bis, I don't really have a strong 
opinion either way.

Mark

Doug Ewell wrote:

> Martin Duerst <duerst at it dot aoyama dot ac dot jp> wrote:
>
>> Currently, I understand Frank and Addison are for going the STD route.
>> Harald and me [as a technical contributor] seem to be okay with that.
>> What about others?
>
>
> Agnostic.  Whatever you guys feel is best in this regard.
>
> -- 
> Doug Ewell
> Fullerton, California, USA
> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>
>

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I tend to agree with Mark on this.

Erkki I. Kolehmainen

Mark Davis wrote:

> As long as it doesn't delay 3066bis, I don't really have a strong 
> opinion either way.
> 
> Mark
> 
> Doug Ewell wrote:
> 
>> Martin Duerst <duerst at it dot aoyama dot ac dot jp> wrote:
>>
>>> Currently, I understand Frank and Addison are for going the STD route.
>>> Harald and me [as a technical contributor] seem to be okay with that.
>>> What about others?
>>
>>
>>
>> Agnostic.  Whatever you guys feel is best in this regard.
>>
>> -- 
>> Doug Ewell
>> Fullerton, California, USA
>> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Ltru mailing list
>> Ltru@ietf.org
>> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>>
>>
>>
> 
> _______________________________________________
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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
To: "'Erkki Kolehmainen'" <erkki.kolehmainen@kotus.fi>, Mark Davis
	<mark.davis@icu-project.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] BCP vs. STD
Date: Thu, 8 Dec 2005 08:15:04 -0800 
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Hi,

I'm strongly in favor of STD rather than BCP, since the
algorithms are still undergoing non-trivial revision (e.g., 
RFC 3066 didn't HAVE any script tags or "Suppress-Script", 
so the handling of wildcards has changed).

This smells strongly like a Proposed Standard.  It is
clearly NOT fully baked (the usual intent of BCP).

Cheers,
- Ira


Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Erkki Kolehmainen
> Sent: Thursday, December 08, 2005 10:17 AM
> To: Mark Davis
> Cc: Doug Ewell; LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] BCP vs. STD
> 
> 
> I tend to agree with Mark on this.
> 
> Erkki I. Kolehmainen
> 
> Mark Davis wrote:
> 
> > As long as it doesn't delay 3066bis, I don't really have a strong 
> > opinion either way.
> > 
> > Mark
> > 
> > Doug Ewell wrote:
> > 
> >> Martin Duerst <duerst at it dot aoyama dot ac dot jp> wrote:
> >>
> >>> Currently, I understand Frank and Addison are for going 
> the STD route.
> >>> Harald and me [as a technical contributor] seem to be 
> okay with that.
> >>> What about others?
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> Agnostic.  Whatever you guys feel is best in this regard.
> >>
> >> -- 
> >> Doug Ewell
> >> Fullerton, California, USA
> >> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> Ltru mailing list
> >> Ltru@ietf.org
> >> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> >>
> >>
> >>
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
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> 

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--On torsdag, desember 08, 2005 08:15:04 -0800 "McDonald, Ira" 
<imcdonald@sharplabs.com> wrote:

> Hi,
>
> I'm strongly in favor of STD rather than BCP, since the
> algorithms are still undergoing non-trivial revision (e.g.,
> RFC 3066 didn't HAVE any script tags or "Suppress-Script",
> so the handling of wildcards has changed).
>
> This smells strongly like a Proposed Standard.  It is
> clearly NOT fully baked (the usual intent of BCP).

The intent of a BCP is, in this case, "something that can only be one thing 
at a time". 3066bis was there because IANA can only operate one registry 
for one thing.

It's absolutely no skin off anyone's nose if some applications/standards 
refer to 3066 for their language ranges, and other applications refer to 
this one - as long as the refs are clear, they can live side by side.

So standards-track appears reasonable to me.


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Language Tag Registry Update Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Matching of Language Tags
	Author(s)	: A. Phillips, M. Davis
	Filename	: draft-ietf-ltru-matching-08.txt
	Pages		: 30
	Date		: 2005-12-9
	
This document describes different mechanisms for comparing, matching,
   and evaluating language tags.  Possible algorithms for language
   negotiation or content selection, filtering, and lookup are
   described.  This document, in combination with RFC 3066bis (replace
   "3066bis" with the RFC number assigned to
   draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces RFC 3066, which replaced RFC
   1766.

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Mon Dec 12 20:39:17 2005
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: comments on matching-8.txt - markus
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The comments and dispositions look good. One item: Zzzz already exists=20
as a 15924 value, and is thus already allowed, so it is orthogonal to=20
this group. The UTC proposal is to tag reserved (not yet allocated to=20
characters) code points with it.

Mark

Addison Phillips wrote:

>Comments follow. Thanks again for your comments. As noted, I have copied=
 the list on this message, which I hope you don't mind.
>
>Addison
>
>Addison P. Phillips
>Globalization Architect, Quest Software
>
>Internationalization is not a feature.
>It is an architecture.=20
>
> =20
>
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: Markus Scherer [mailto:markus.icu@gmail.com]
>>Sent: 2005=E5=B9=B412=E6=9C=8811=E6=97=A5 15:38
>>To: mark.davis@icu-project.org; Addison Phillips
>>Subject: comments on matching-8.txt - markus
>>
>>(Not to the list. Feel free to forward to there if you think it's usefu=
l.)
>>Reading matching-8.txt by invitation from Mark...
>>
>>1. Introduction
>>...Protocols that
>>   implement a matching scheme either need to choose a particular optio=
n
>>   or indicate that the particular options is left to the specific
>>   implementation to decide.
>>
>>Remove plural 's' from last "options".
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>It really should be edited more thoroughly than that. Actually, I questi=
on putting this quasi-normative text into the introduction, but for now a=
m suggesting we change it to:
>
>--
>Protocols that implement a matching scheme either need to specify each p=
articular choice or indicate the options that are left to the implementat=
ion to decide.
>--
> =20
>
>>2.1.  Basic Language Range
>>...The basic
>>   language range is defined by the following the ABNF[RFC4234]:
>>
>>The last "the" doesn't belong - just remove? replace by "in"? say "gram=
mar
>>in"??
>>Usage in 2.2 suggests just dropping the "the".
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>It's the result of a poorly implemented edit. Removed the extra article.
>
> =20
>
>>3.1.  Choosing a Type of Matching
>>... For example, if process were to...
>>
>>-> if _a_ process were to...
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>Done.
> =20
>
>>3.2.  Filtering
>>   Filtering is used to select the set of content that matches a given
>>   language priority list. ...
>>
>>There seems to be some arbitrary jumping between language priority
>>lists and language ranges here.
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>Done.
> =20
>
>>Attempted clarified paragraph for a local fix:
>>
>>   Filtering is used to select the set of content that matches a given
>>   language priority list.  It is called "filtering" because this set o=
f
>>   content may contain no items at all or it may return an arbitrarily
>>   large number of matching items--
>>as many items as whose language tags match any of the language ranges
>>in the language priority list,
>>thus filtering out the non-matching
>>   content.
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>=20
>My edit says:
>
><t>Filtering is used to select the set of content that matches a given l=
anguage priority list. It is called "filtering" because this set of conte=
nt may contain no items at all or it may return an arbitrarily large numb=
er of matching items: as many items as match the language priority list, =
thus "filtering out" the non-matching items.</t>
>
> =20
>
>>3.2.1.  Filtering with Basic Language Ranges
>>The special range "*" in a language priority list matches any tag. ...
>>
>>->"*" was not previously introduced as a special range. If should be
>>introduced as such (with semantics) in 2.3.
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>It doesn't say it, as you say, early enough. I inserted this paragraph i=
nto Section 2.0:
>
><t>Language ranges are similar in structure and content to language tags=
: they consist of alphanumeric "subtags" separated by hyphens, plus a spe=
cial subtag consisting of the character "*" (%2A, ASTERISK), which is use=
d in ranges as a "wildcard", that is, a value that matches any subtag.</t=
>
> =20
>
>>3.2.2.  Filtering with Extended Language Ranges
>>   For example, the extended language range "de-*-DE" matches all of th=
e
>>   following tags because the unspecified variant field is expanded to
>>   "*":
>>
>>-> Remove the "because" - it is incomplete and therefore misleading:
>>Not just the variant field (better: subtag) is unspecified and
>>expanded, but also every other subtag except language and region.
>>(extlang, script, extension, privateuse...)
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>The text, as written, is correct, since the examples all match the expli=
cit wildcard "*" to various subtags and the unspecified variant to a numb=
er of variants. No extensions are presented (one private-use example is).=
=20
>
>In any case, I used:
>
>--
>For example, the extended language range "de-*-DE" matches all of the fo=
llowing tags, in part because the unspecified variant, extension, and pri=
vate-use subtags are expanded to "*":
>--
> =20
>
>>3.2.3.  Scored Filtering
>>   Each extended language range and language tag MUST first be
>>   canonicalized by mapping grandfathered and obsolete tags into modern
>>   equivalents. ...
>>
>>I suggest to add a parallel "should" clause to earlier filtering sectio=
ns.
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>One might argue that this prevents certain kinds of matching ("I want co=
ntent labeled 'i-klingon' and NOT content labeled 'tlh'"). It also requir=
es access to the subtag registry, which is something that we want to avoi=
d.
>
>It would be useful to permit it, but SHOULD is stronger than just permis=
sion. Instead, perhaps at the end of section 3.1 we could put:
>
>"Regardless of the matching scheme chosen, protocols and implementations=
 MAY canonicalize language tags and ranges by mapping grandfathered and o=
bsolete tags or subtags into modern equivalents. If an implementation can=
onicalizes..."
> =20
>
>>   Language subtags 'und', 'mul', and the script subtag 'Zyyy' are
>>   converted to "*": ...
>>
>>I believe Mark recently suggested the script code "Zzzz" for use with
>>unassigned Unicode code points (i.e., as an "unknown" script). Should
>>it be added here?
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>I haven't seen that suggestion previously or I missed it. If he's sugges=
ted it for inclusion into ISO 15924 (a better place, perhaps?), then draf=
t-matching will pick it up by default.
> =20
>
>>   For language tags that have no script subtag but whose language
>>   subtag's record in the IANA Language Subtag Registry contains the
>>   field "Suppress-Script", the script element in the quintuple MUST be
>>   set to the script subtag in the Suppress-Script field.  This is
>>   necessary because [RFC3066bis] strongly recommends that users not us=
e
>>   this subtag to form language tags and this document recommends that
>>   users not use them to form ranges.
>>
>>Does this document recommend that? If so, I missed it (entirely
>>possible). I thought this document was mostly meant to be used without
>>the registry.
>>[Ah, I see it now in 4.1.  Choosing Language Ranges - bad sequence for
>>education...]
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>Some sections got moved around quite a bit during the last edit, making =
the text less logical. In this case, there should be a forward reference,=
 combined with some editing of the paragraph in question.
> =20
>
>>Figures: I can't find Figures 1, 2, 4, 5 - or at least no captions
>>with those "Figure x" values.
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>This was a comment on draft-07. I haven't gone through and suppressed th=
e figure numbers yet or determined which, if any, should be numbered. Tha=
nks for noticing.
> =20
>
>>Misspelling in 4.1: "interefer" -> "interfere"
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>Corrected.=20
> =20
>
>>4.4.  Length Considerations in Matching
>>This seems to say an implementation must be able to handle 33, then
>>later 42, characters. Pick one...
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>No, it says that 33 characters are required, but "at least 42" is a bett=
er minimum. I am not fond of this section: I think it applicable only in =
the most arcane cases as well as difficult to read. It might be an altern=
ative subject of this old joke:
>
>Q: What is a camel?
>A: It is a horse designed by a committee.
>
> =20
>
>>What's the rationale for the recommended 62 characters? Why not 42,
>>47, 63, whatever?
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>33, 42, and 62 are each "magic numbers" for language tags, indicating th=
e longest possible tag containing specific combinations of subtags (or th=
e maximum length). There is an extensive thread discussing these numbers =
in the LTRU archive, although I can't find it right now (gmane is down??)
>
> =20
>
>>Truncation: I propose that, if an extension or privateuse consists of
>>a singleton followed by 2 or more subtags, the whole part including
>>the singleton should always be removed. Removing just the last of
>>multiple subtags inside an extension will likely produce nonsense.
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>Actually, it shouldn't. Badly designed extensions will produce that effe=
ct (read the next-to-last paragraph in RFC 3066bis, section 3.7). Mostly,=
 though, matching extensions is a waste of time: they are supposed to be =
orthogonal to tags, after all.
>
> =20
>
>>Authors:
>>
>>   Mark Davis (editor)
>>   IBM
>>
>>   Email: mark dot davis at ibm dot com
>>
>>-> Mark needs an "us dot" after the "at".
>>   =20
>>
>[Addison Phillips]=20
>
>I us-dotted him.
> =20
>
>>markus
>>
>>--
>>Opinions expressed here may not reflect my company's positions unless
>>otherwise noted.
>>   =20
>>

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I don't think either needs to be called out.

BTW, the UCD tags all characters that don't belong to a single script 
with Zyyy (Common) or with |/Qaai /|(Inherited, for non-spacing marks). 
But these are should both be resolved away when computing the script of 
a sequence of characters. See:

http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Scripts.txt
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr24/

Mark

Addison Phillips wrote:

>Mark opined:
>
>  
>
>>The comments and dispositions look good. One item: Zzzz already exists
>>as a 15924 value, and is thus already allowed, so it is orthogonal to
>>this group. The UTC proposal is to tag reserved (not yet allocated to
>>characters) code points with it.
>>    
>>
>
>I guess the question is whether we need to say anything in particular about 'Zzzz' in matching schemes. Private-use characters have a script of 'Zyyy', so that isn't an issue. I conjecture that nothing need be said about either, as neither sort of script will likely be used to identify a language.
>
>Addison
>
>Addison P. Phillips
>Globalization Architect, Quest Software
>
>Internationalization is not a feature.
>It is an architecture. 
>
>  
>

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So this means that in matching-8.txt
>    Language subtags 'und', 'mul', and the script subtag 'Zyyy' are
>    converted to "*": ...

neither Zyyy nor Zzzz should be called out as special subtags?

markus

On 12/13/05, Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org> wrote:
> I don't think either needs to be called out.
>
> BTW, the UCD tags all characters that don't belong to a single script
> with Zyyy (Common) or with |/Qaai /|(Inherited, for non-spacing marks).
> But these are should both be resolved away when computing the script of
> a sequence of characters. See:

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From: Markus Scherer <markus.icu@gmail.com>
To: Addison Phillips <addison.phillips@quest.com>
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: comments on matching-8.txt - markus
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Thanks for your consideration of my comments. Dispositions look good.

A couple more comments:

On 12/12/05, Addison Phillips <addison.phillips@quest.com> wrote:
> Comments follow. Thanks again for your comments. As noted, I have copied =
the list on this message, which I hope you don't mind.

I don't mind at all.

> > Truncation: I propose that, if an extension or privateuse consists of
> > a singleton followed by 2 or more subtags, the whole part including
> > the singleton should always be removed. Removing just the last of
> > multiple subtags inside an extension will likely produce nonsense.
> [Addison Phillips]
>
> Actually, it shouldn't. Badly designed extensions will produce that effec=
t (read the next-to-last paragraph in RFC 3066bis, section 3.7).

I was thinking of POSIX/CLDR-like extensions where one might have
keyword-value pairs as in
de-US-markus-c-coll-phone-strength-secondry-case-upperfst

Since a vanilla truncation wouldn't know the structure of the
extension, removing the whole extension seems better than removing
trailing pieces.

> Mostly, though, matching extensions is a waste of time: they are supposed=
 to be orthogonal to tags, after all.

I agree.

markus

--
Opinions expressed here may not reflect my company's positions unless
otherwise noted.

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From: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: comments on matching-8.txt - markus
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At 05:03 05/12/14, Markus Scherer wrote:
 >So this means that in matching-8.txt
 >>    Language subtags 'und', 'mul', and the script subtag 'Zyyy' are
 >>    converted to "*": ...
 >
 >neither Zyyy nor Zzzz should be called out as special subtags?

Yes, agreeing with Mark and Addison, neither should be called out.
If there was any place to call them out, it would have been the
registry draft, and only to say that they are not relevant as
scripts *for languages*. In matching, they don't have any special
function at all.

Regards,   Martin.


 >
 >markus
 >
 >On 12/13/05, Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org> wrote:
 >> I don't think either needs to be called out.
 >>
 >> BTW, the UCD tags all characters that don't belong to a single script
 >> with Zyyy (Common) or with |/Qaai /|(Inherited, for non-spacing marks).
 >> But these are should both be resolved away when computing the script of
 >> a sequence of characters. See:
 >
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 >Ltru mailing list
 >Ltru@ietf.org
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From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>
To: Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org>,
	Addison Phillips <addison.phillips@quest.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: weights in scored filtering
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--On fredag, november 18, 2005 17:37:05 -0800 Mark Davis 
<mark.davis@icu-project.org> wrote:

> We can do an integer only approach. Convert the q's into round(100/q).
>
> For filtering, we can't assume anything about the order of items in the
> list that have the same q values. I have en, de, fr, it, nl. But my
> English is significantly better than my German, which is somewhat better
> than my French, which is significantly better than my Italian, etc.
>
> For lookup, we and everybody I know just uses the q values to reorder the
> list. Then throws them away. So for lookup, ordering is very important.

If we want to have ordering and q values both "work", we might have to bite 
the bullet and define them.... I'd suggest something like

If an item in the list does not have a q value, its q value is assumed to 
be 0.75 times the q value of the preceding item in the list.
If the first item in the list does not have a q value, its q value is 
assumed to be 1.

So the two lists

  en;q=1.0, fr;q=0.75, de

  en, fr, de;q=0.5625

would be completely identical.
That at least gives us a consistent, and mostly intuitive, interpretation 
of such lists.

                   Harald





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I suspect that would break a lot of people currently unless it were 
optional; as I said, we and at least some others just use the q values 
to re-sort.

Harald Tveit Alvestrand wrote:

>
>
> --On fredag, november 18, 2005 17:37:05 -0800 Mark Davis 
> <mark.davis@icu-project.org> wrote:
>
>> We can do an integer only approach. Convert the q's into round(100/q).
>>
>> For filtering, we can't assume anything about the order of items in the
>> list that have the same q values. I have en, de, fr, it, nl. But my
>> English is significantly better than my German, which is somewhat better
>> than my French, which is significantly better than my Italian, etc.
>>
>> For lookup, we and everybody I know just uses the q values to reorder 
>> the
>> list. Then throws them away. So for lookup, ordering is very important.
>
>
> If we want to have ordering and q values both "work", we might have to 
> bite the bullet and define them.... I'd suggest something like
>
> If an item in the list does not have a q value, its q value is assumed 
> to be 0.75 times the q value of the preceding item in the list.
> If the first item in the list does not have a q value, its q value is 
> assumed to be 1.
>
> So the two lists
>
>  en;q=1.0, fr;q=0.75, de
>
>  en, fr, de;q=0.5625
>
> would be completely identical.
> That at least gives us a consistent, and mostly intuitive, 
> interpretation of such lists.
>
>                   Harald
>
>
>
>
>
>
>

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From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>
To: Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: weights in scored filtering
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--On tirsdag, desember 20, 2005 07:32:44 -0800 Mark Davis 
<mark.davis@icu-project.org> wrote:

> I suspect that would break a lot of people currently unless it were
> optional; as I said, we and at least some others just use the q values to
> re-sort.

My sneaky suspcion is that *all* implementations will behave bizarrely on a 
list that mixes sequences and Q values.

So I don't think we have current implementations....




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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison.phillips@quest.com>
To: "Harald Tveit Alvestrand" <harald@alvestrand.no>,
	"Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Wed Dec 21 02:21:24 2005
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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Subject: [Ltru] Re: weights in scored filtering
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Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald at alvestrand dot no> wrote:

> If an item in the list does not have a q value, its q value is assumed 
> to
> be 0.75 times the q value of the preceding item in the list.
> If the first item in the list does not have a q value, its q value is
> assumed to be 1.
>
> So the two lists
>
>  en;q=1.0, fr;q=0.75, de
>
>  en, fr, de;q=0.5625
>
> would be completely identical.
> That at least gives us a consistent, and mostly intuitive, 
> interpretation
> of such lists.

Yuck.  Isn't there some way we can promote a mutually useful matching 
strategy without hard-coding these values into the RFC?

0.5625 may make mathematical sense, but I don't think it's a very 
intuitive value for humans to understand how matching is supposed to 
work.  I had a hard enough time with the values {256, 128, 32, 4, 1} 
embedded in the description of scored filtering (any such sequence with 
a steeper slope than a decreasing Fibonacci sequence would have served 
the purpose equally well).

I know the matching draft isn't expected to describe current practice, 
and I know we can't go back to the days when it was just a set of 
suggestions for implementers.  I do think these concrete values are a 
rather long stride in the opposite direction.

--
Doug Ewell
Fullerton, California, USA
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From: "Jukka K. Korpela" <jkorpela@cs.tut.fi>
To: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: weights in scored filtering
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On Tue, 20 Dec 2005, Harald Tveit Alvestrand wrote:

> --On fredag, november 18, 2005 17:37:05 -0800 Mark Davis 
> <mark.davis@icu-project.org> wrote:
- -
>> For lookup, we and everybody I know just uses the q values to reorder the
>> list. Then throws them away. So for lookup, ordering is very important.
>
> If we want to have ordering and q values both "work", we might have to bite 
> the bullet and define them.... I'd suggest something like

This is getting very confusing. How did we get here? Maybe it's just me,
but it seems that a fairly complicated issue is getting unnecessarily
complicated. Please excuse me if I have missed the reasons that make
such complication unavoidable.

> If an item in the list does not have a q value, its q value is assumed to be 
> 0.75 times the q value of the preceding item in the list.

That sounds both arbitrary and incompatible with e.g. the Accept-Language
header in HTTP, where the order is not significant (though the client 
might conceivable use the order as the last criterion in resolution)
and the q value defaults to 1.

Regarding what Mark Davis wrote, in the user side, it's rather the 
opposite. A user interface for setting language preferences in a 
web browser typically lets the user select a set of languages and put 
them into some order. This order will, invisibly to the user, dictate the 
q values that the browser generates into an Accept-Language header.
Browsers use different algorithms in computing the values. Thus, the user 
who selects, say, French and English in that order does not really know 
(and cannot control) how much better her French is than her English
according to the preference settings.

However, although this is mostly just Greek to most users, the principle 
that preferences are not a simple ordered list is an important one.
Some quantitative indicators are needed. I don't know about anything
essentially better than the q range from 0 to 1. It would seem natural
to keep things that way, even though we know that the actual q values are, 
at present, rather arbitrary even if the user knows what he is doing.

This means that the order in which the languages or locales are listed
somewhere should be completely immaterial; it should be treated as a 
linearized set, not as an ordered list. This allows ties, i.e. languages 
with exactly the same q value, and I think that's _good_. If the user is 
allowed to express language preferences, then a choice that makes two 
languages _equally_ preferred should be allowed too (without raising any
theoretical objections about the impossibility of knowing two languages
exactly equally well).

Naturally, this does not prevent anyone from doing whatever he wants
with the preferences and q values, such as using them _only_ to set up
an ordered list, or to filter out everything below a specific q value.

-- 
Jukka "Yucca" Korpela, http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/

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Subject: [Ltru] Re: weights in scored filtering
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Addison Phillips wrote:

> As far as I know, the only implementation of scored
> filtering--an algorithm proposed by John Cowan on this
> list as a thought experiment--is the one on my website.

I've compared his original idea 8-4-2-1 with other weights.

Admittedly I'm a bit lost since you went to five dimensions
and a distance metric.  IIRC it was Mark who said that any
scheme involving "divide by Q" has a problem with Q = 0.

You can avoid this problem by scoring, with highest score =
ideal match, followed by "multiply with Q".

To switch from some kind of distance metric (0 = ideal) to
scoring (0 = worst) you only need the maximal distance M.

If that exists.  Since you have in theory unlimited numbers
of variants and/or extensions it could be M = infinity, and
you lose.

Otherwise you can define score := M - distance to get some
scores in the range 0 .. M, multiply it with any given Q
in the range 0.00 .. 1.00, and that's your final score for
the language-range in question.

Implementations can of course scale it down to 0..100, 100
for M (best score), 50 for M/2, 0 for 0, etc., but we don't
need to discuss such implementation details in an RFC.

The language-range with the highest final score wins.  It's
also unnecessary to discuss draws:  Implementations can be
free to handle this in any way they wish, not restricted to
"reboot", "offer checkbox with 1,000,000 possible choices",
or similar stunts... ;-)

> If a particular form of language priority list does not
> assign weights to one or more of its items, then a weight
> of 0.75 times the previous item in the list is suggested
> (with the first item being assumed to have a weight of 1.0)

With 0.75 you get about 19 steps until you drop below 0.005.
With 0.9 you get more steps.  That's irrelevant, isn't it ?
Any number greater than 0 and smaller than 1 will do.

Again an implementation detail, implementations may offer
to transform prioritized lists of language-ranges into some
kind of weighted lists by assigning appropriate weigths:

The Q as we know it, any sequence 1 = q(1) > q(2) etc. will
do, if 1 > q(n) > q(n+1) > 0 for all n > 1.  Is it really
desirable to discuss such details in an Internet standard ?

                          Bye, Frank



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Subject: [Ltru] FYI: CLDR update
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For those who might be interested, I just updated CLDR to use the data 
in http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-initial-06.txt 
for the language tag part of locale ids. As it turns out, we then only 
have the following few extensions:

        {"language", "root", "Description", "Root", "CLDR", "True"},
        {"variant", "POLYTONI", "Description", "Polytonic Greek", 
"CLDR", "True"},
        {"variant", "REVISED", "Description", "Revised Orthography", 
"CLDR", "True"},
        {"variant", "SAAHO", "Description", "Dialect", "CLDR", 
"True"},           
        {"region", "QE", "Description", "European Union", "CLDR", 
"True"},           

The code for root is just a special case for CLDR, and I don't see a 
good alternative in 3066bis. Possibly we could have used "und", but by 
now it is pretty baked.

POLYTONI we probably want to recast as a private use script code, eg. 
Qaap. That way inheritance will work better.

REVISED is only used for Armenian (hy-AM-REVISED)
(cf http://dev.icu-project.org/cgi-bin/locale-bugs/confirm?id=938)

Question: according to 
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hye there is no code 
for Eastern vs Western Armenian. Will ISO be adding this as part of the 
next revision? It appears that there are distinct differences in 
orthography that we need to account for, at least according to 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_language

SAAHO is only used in ar-ER-SAAHO in CLDR
(http://unicode.org/cldr/data/common/main/aa_ER_SAAHO.xml)
According to SIL, we could be using ssy for that.
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=aar
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ssy

Although not now in the registry, it looks like it will come in with the 
next version of ISO 639, so we could deprecate it at that point.

QE is also a special case for CLDR, needed internally for other 
purposes, and is not used in composing language tags.

Mark

Cc'ing Michel, since he is my best Armenian contact.



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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Mark Davis <mark dot davis at icu dash project dot org> wrote:

>        {"language", "root", "Description", "Root", "CLDR", "True"},
> ...
> The code for root is just a special case for CLDR, and I don't see a
> good alternative in 3066bis. Possibly we could have used "und", but by
> now it is pretty baked.

I confess I'm not familiar enough with CLDR to know what the purpose of 
"root" is, or how it relates to "undetermined language."  I assume 
you've made the right choice here.  It would be nice to have some way of 
knowing whether "root" will eventually be an assigned ISO 639-6 alpha-4 
code element.

>        {"variant", "POLYTONI", "Description", "Polytonic Greek",
> "CLDR", "True"},
> ...
> POLYTONI we probably want to recast as a private use script code, eg.
> Qaap. That way inheritance will work better.

Is polytonic Greek considered a separate script from monotonic Greek 
more than it is considered a variant?  So far variants have been 
employed for orthographic reforms and language dialects.  I realize many 
members of this list (not to say Mark in particular) do not care for 
variants in general.

>        {"variant", "REVISED", "Description", "Revised Orthography",
> "CLDR", "True"},
> ...
> REVISED is only used for Armenian (hy-AM-REVISED)
> (cf http://dev.icu-project.org/cgi-bin/locale-bugs/confirm?id=938)

This seems to me to be an excellent use of a variant subtag.  I wonder 
if "revised" is a bit too generic; the variant subtags "1901" and "1996" 
were chosen after discussions on ietf-languages revealed that "trad" 
(for "traditional") was considered too generic.

> Question: according to
> http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hye there is no code
> for Eastern vs Western Armenian. Will ISO be adding this as part of
> the next revision? It appears that there are distinct differences in
> orthography that we need to account for, at least according to
> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_language

If the only demonstrable differences are in orthography, would ISO 
really consider splitting the two?  Is that within the scope of 639-2? 
What about 639-3?

>        {"variant", "SAAHO", "Description", "Dialect", "CLDR",
> "True"},
> ...
> SAAHO is only used in ar-ER-SAAHO in CLDR
> (http://unicode.org/cldr/data/common/main/aa_ER_SAAHO.xml)
> According to SIL, we could be using ssy for that.
> http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=aar
> http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ssy
>
> Although not now in the registry, it looks like it will come in with
> the next version of ISO 639, so we could deprecate it at that point.

As a dialect of Afar, this looks suitable for a variant.  The ISO 639-3 
site confirms that "ssy" is planned as the code element for Saho.

>        {"region", "QE", "Description", "European Union", "CLDR",
> "True"},
> ...
> QE is also a special case for CLDR, needed internally for other
> purposes, and is not used in composing language tags.

QE is not a valid private-use region subtag, so seems inappropriate for 
this use.  Valid private-use region subtags are AA, QM through QZ, XA 
through XZ, and ZZ.

--
Doug Ewell
Fullerton, California, USA
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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Doug Ewell wrote:

>> {"region", "QE", "Description", "European Union", "CLDR", "True"},
[...] 
> QE is not a valid private-use region subtag, so seems
> inappropriate for this use.  Valid private-use region subtags
> are AA, QM through QZ, XA through XZ, and ZZ.

In "I've to make up something for EU" mode I'd take EU.  As
long as I don't claim that it's a valid country code it's a
calculated risk:  Will they ever remove their "exceptional
reservation" _and_ give EU to something that's seriously
different from the pseudo-ccTLD EU ?

                          Bye, Frank



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IMO, they could not do such a thing, as the ISO 4217=20
EUR code depends on the EU code.

Note that the ISO 4217 MA had to reverse their daft=20
decision on the Afganistan Manat which involved the=20
use of a 3-letter code which included a 2-letter=20
prefix not allocated to Afganistan.

Misha


-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Frank Ellermann
[...]
In "I've to make up something for EU" mode I'd take EU.  As
long as I don't claim that it's a valid country code it's a
calculated risk:  Will they ever remove their "exceptional
reservation" _and_ give EU to something that's seriously
different from the pseudo-ccTLD EU ?


To find out more about Reuters visit www.about.reuters.com

Any views expressed in this message are those of the individual sender, exc=
ept where the sender specifically states them to be the views of Reuters Lt=
d.


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Thanks for your comments, and Frank's.

Doug Ewell wrote:

> Mark Davis <mark dot davis at icu dash project dot org> wrote:
>
>>        {"language", "root", "Description", "Root", "CLDR", "True"},
>> ...
>> The code for root is just a special case for CLDR, and I don't see a
>> good alternative in 3066bis. Possibly we could have used "und", but by
>> now it is pretty baked.
>
>
> I confess I'm not familiar enough with CLDR to know what the purpose 
> of "root" is, or how it relates to "undetermined language."  I assume 
> you've made the right choice here.  It would be nice to have some way 
> of knowing whether "root" will eventually be an assigned ISO 639-6 
> alpha-4 code element.

root has a special meaning, which is the fallback for data that is 
common to all languages. It would be hard to change it, so we hope it 
just never collides with a valid language subtag.

>
>>        {"variant", "POLYTONI", "Description", "Polytonic Greek",
>> "CLDR", "True"},
>> ...
>> POLYTONI we probably want to recast as a private use script code, eg.
>> Qaap. That way inheritance will work better.
>
>
> Is polytonic Greek considered a separate script from monotonic Greek 
> more than it is considered a variant?  So far variants have been 
> employed for orthographic reforms and language dialects.  I realize 
> many members of this list (not to say Mark in particular) do not care 
> for variants in general.

Inheritance tends to work better if major differences in orthography 
that cross country boundaries are in the script field. But there is no 
decision on that.

>
>>        {"variant", "REVISED", "Description", "Revised Orthography",
>> "CLDR", "True"},
>> ...
>> REVISED is only used for Armenian (hy-AM-REVISED)
>> (cf http://dev.icu-project.org/cgi-bin/locale-bugs/confirm?id=938)
>
>
> This seems to me to be an excellent use of a variant subtag.  I wonder 
> if "revised" is a bit too generic; the variant subtags "1901" and 
> "1996" were chosen after discussions on ietf-languages revealed that 
> "trad" (for "traditional") was considered too generic.

>
>> Question: according to
>> http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hye there is no code
>> for Eastern vs Western Armenian. Will ISO be adding this as part of
>> the next revision? It appears that there are distinct differences in
>> orthography that we need to account for, at least according to
>> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_language
>
>
> If the only demonstrable differences are in orthography, would ISO 
> really consider splitting the two?  Is that within the scope of 639-2? 
> What about 639-3?


Yes, REVISED is pretty generic, and should really be replaced.

>
>>        {"variant", "SAAHO", "Description", "Dialect", "CLDR",
>> "True"},
>> ...
>> SAAHO is only used in ar-ER-SAAHO in CLDR
>> (http://unicode.org/cldr/data/common/main/aa_ER_SAAHO.xml)
>> According to SIL, we could be using ssy for that.
>> http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=aar
>> http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ssy
>>
>> Although not now in the registry, it looks like it will come in with
>> the next version of ISO 639, so we could deprecate it at that point.
>
>
> As a dialect of Afar, this looks suitable for a variant.  The ISO 
> 639-3 site confirms that "ssy" is planned as the code element for Saho.

Yes, and once that is the case we can deprecate SAAHO and use ssy.

>
>>        {"region", "QE", "Description", "European Union", "CLDR",
>> "True"},
>> ...
>> QE is also a special case for CLDR, needed internally for other
>> purposes, and is not used in composing language tags.
>
>
> QE is not a valid private-use region subtag, so seems inappropriate 
> for this use.  Valid private-use region subtags are AA, QM through QZ, 
> XA through XZ, and ZZ.

Luckily QE is not yet in a released version -- just introduced very 
recently. So we can correct that to be a better code. Perhaps XE

>
> -- 
> Doug Ewell
> Fullerton, California, USA
> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
>
>
>
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>
>
>

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Date: Fri, 23 Dec 2005 13:38:54 -0500
To: Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: FYI: CLDR update
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Mark Davis scripsit:

> root has a special meaning, which is the fallback for data that is 
> common to all languages. It would be hard to change it, so we hope it 
> just never collides with a valid language subtag.

That sounds like a hybrid between "und" and "i-default".  Still, "root"
is not possible as an RFC 3066 or RFC 3066bis tag, so it's safe enough
in this limited application.

> >Is polytonic Greek considered a separate script from monotonic Greek 
> >more than it is considered a variant?  So far variants have been 
> >employed for orthographic reforms and language dialects.  I realize 
> >many members of this list (not to say Mark in particular) do not care 
> >for variants in general.
> 
> Inheritance tends to work better if major differences in orthography 
> that cross country boundaries are in the script field. But there is no 
> decision on that.

I continue to think that poly/mono is best treated as a script-variant
distinction.  These distinctions aren't treated specially by 3066bis;
perhaps they should be looked at more closely on the next round.

> >>Question: according to
> >>http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=hye there is no code
> >>for Eastern vs Western Armenian. Will ISO be adding this as part of
> >>the next revision? It appears that there are distinct differences in
> >>orthography that we need to account for, at least according to
> >>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_language
> >
> >
> >If the only demonstrable differences are in orthography, would ISO 
> >really consider splitting the two?  Is that within the scope of 639-2? 
> >What about 639-3?

I understand the article (which is not exactly a proper linguistic description)
to mean that certain phonemic distinctions have been lost in Western
Armenian dialects, so that some words in the common orthography have become
homophonous.  That sounds like the very opposite of an orthographic distinction.

Since SIL is the registrar for 639-3, it is unlikely in the extreme that
639-3 will make a distinction that the Ethnologue does not (or vice versa).

> Luckily QE is not yet in a released version -- just introduced very 
> recently. So we can correct that to be a better code. Perhaps XE

Perhaps, or maybe using EU is the Right Thing after all.  It's surely
not going to be used for any country in even the remote future.

-- 
Go, and never darken my towels again!           John Cowan
        --Rufus T. Firefly                      www.ccil.org/~cowan

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