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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
To: "Disman" <disman@ietf.org>,
	"LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Hi -

forwarded for your information, in the hope of improving future
IETF meeting experiences...

Randy

> From: "Ray Pelletier" <rpelletier@isoc.org>
> To: <wgchairs@ietf.org>
> Sent: Monday, May 01, 2006 8:24 AM
> Subject: IETF Meeting Survey
>
> All;
> It has been suggested that if I really wanted to get feedback on the 
> Meeting Survey (and I do)  I should have it forwarded by the WG Chairs 
> to the working groups - so this is a request that you ask members of the 
> working groups to complete a short survey that focuses primarily, but 
> not exclusively, on their meeting experience in Dallas. 
> 
> I truly want the info to make the changes members of the community want, 
> if possible and greatly appreciate your assistance in this regard.
> 
> Those interested in taking the survey can find it at:
> http://www.surveymonkey.com/s.asp?u=649182049947
> 
> Thanks
> Ray Pelletier
> IETF Admininstrative Director
> 
> 
> 


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Mon May 01 19:56:07 2006
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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Fwd: LTRU Milestones past due (matching draft
	toIETFLast Call)
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Hi -

It has *not* expired.  The registry-related drafts are in the RFC editor queue.
Documents in the RFC editor queue do not expire.

Randy, ltru co-chair

----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
> To: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>; "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Monday, May 01, 2006 3:15 PM
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Fwd: LTRU Milestones past due (matching draft toIETFLast Call)
>
> > From: Doug Ewell [mailto:dewell@adelphia.net]
>
> > Mark Davis and I have been asking to have draft-matching advanced to WG
> > Last Call for a few weeks now, with no response.  No additional comments
> > have appeared on the list since Addison submitted draft-matching-12 on
> > April 6.  Without this delay, we might have been able to hit the end of
> > April.
>
> For my part, I am finally working on preparing the text for ISO/FDIS 639-3, and I have to figure out what to do with a reference
to RFC 3066bis. When I prepared the DIS text in September 2004, I had a reference to 3066bis with a note to myself "update reference
once final RFC has been published." I assumed when I wrote that that the final RFC would have been published within the next 12
months, but here it is 18 months later. Referencing the internet draft on the IETF site isn't really satisfying: it's not intended
as a long-term reference, it doesn't reflect that the doc has been approved, and the draft has an expiration date of April 17 -- it
has expired!
>


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 02 06:20:33 2006
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Date: Tue, 02 May 2006 19:17:59 +0900
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Subject: [Ltru] 2nd WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-matching
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Dear LTRU WG,

Many of you have expected a Second WG Last Call, and here it is.
Sorry for the delay due to personal reasons.

I have looked through the discussion of the previous last call,
and tried to keep track of everything at
http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp/2006/IETF/ltru/.
If somebody thinks something is missing (or wrong), or would like
some details to be added, or has some questions, please tell me.
The substantive changes require another WG Last Call.

The duration of this Last Call is two (2) weeks, it will end on
Tuesday, May 16, 11:00 UTC (20:00 Japan, 13:00 France,...,
4:00am US Pacific, and so on).

Please read the draft at
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-12.txt
carefully and send in comments, with a subject indicating
the issue. Please also send in a comment if you have read the
draft and haven't found any issue.

If you have read earlier drafts, please note that this draft
is a serious revision, better read on its own.

I hope that this time, we can successfully complete this last call
and send the draft to the IESG.


Regards,    Martin. 


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 02 14:08:30 2006
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From: "McDonald, Ira" <imcdonald@sharplabs.com>
To: 'Randy Presuhn' <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>, LTRU Working Group
	<ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Fwd: LTRU Milestones past due (matching draft toIE
	TFLast Call)
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Hi Randy,

Although I've been repeatedly assured over the years
that I-Ds in the RFC Editor's queue don't "expire",
nothing in the compulsory boilerplate on an I-D and
nothing at the Internet-Drafts repository _tells_
me that.  The literal text says it's expired.

Lousy I-D boilerplate if you ask me.

Cheers,
- Ira

Ira McDonald (Musician / Software Architect)
Blue Roof Music / High North Inc
PO Box 221  Grand Marais, MI  49839
phone: +1-906-494-2434
email: imcdonald@sharplabs.com

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Randy Presuhn [mailto:randy_presuhn@mindspring.com]
> Sent: Monday, May 01, 2006 8:00 PM
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Re: Fwd: LTRU Milestones past due (matching draft
> toIETFLast Call)
> 
> 
> Hi -
> 
> It has *not* expired.  The registry-related drafts are in the 
> RFC editor queue.
> Documents in the RFC editor queue do not expire.
> 
> Randy, ltru co-chair
> 
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> > From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
> > To: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>; "LTRU Working 
> Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> > Sent: Monday, May 01, 2006 3:15 PM
> > Subject: RE: [Ltru] Re: Fwd: LTRU Milestones past due 
> (matching draft toIETFLast Call)
> >
> > > From: Doug Ewell [mailto:dewell@adelphia.net]
> >
> > > Mark Davis and I have been asking to have draft-matching 
> advanced to WG
> > > Last Call for a few weeks now, with no response.  No 
> additional comments
> > > have appeared on the list since Addison submitted 
> draft-matching-12 on
> > > April 6.  Without this delay, we might have been able to 
> hit the end of
> > > April.
> >
> > For my part, I am finally working on preparing the text for 
> ISO/FDIS 639-3, and I have to figure out what to do with a reference
> to RFC 3066bis. When I prepared the DIS text in September 
> 2004, I had a reference to 3066bis with a note to myself 
> "update reference
> once final RFC has been published." I assumed when I wrote 
> that that the final RFC would have been published within the next 12
> months, but here it is 18 months later. Referencing the 
> internet draft on the IETF site isn't really satisfying: it's 
> not intended
> as a long-term reference, it doesn't reflect that the doc has 
> been approved, and the draft has an expiration date of April 17 -- it
> has expired!
> >
> 
> 
> --------------------------------------------------------------
> ------------------
> 
> 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> >
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> 
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 02 15:30:14 2006
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
To: "'Martin Duerst'" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>,
	"'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-matching
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All,

Martin has asked me to enumerate the differences (comments received since
draft-12 was created) that are already incorporated into draft-13. This is
straightforward: Debbie Garside sent me a small number of editorial comments
in a paragraph on page 9. This paragraph used to say:

---
   Applications, protocols, or specifications, in addressing their
   particular requirements, can offer pre-processing or configuration
   options.  For example, an implementation could allow a user to
   associate or map a particular language range to a different value.
   Such a user might wish to associate the language range subtags 'nn'
   (Nynorsk Norwegian) and 'nb' (Bokmal Norwegian) with the more general
   subtag 'no' (Norwegian).  Or perhaps the user could associate the
   range "zh-Hans" (Chinese as written in the Simplified script) with
   the language tag "zh-CN" (Chinese as used in China, where the
   Simplified script is predominant) because content is available with
   that tag.  Documentation on how the ranges or tags are altered,
   prioritized, or compared in the subsequent match in such an
   implementation will assist users in making the best configuration
   choices.
---

The changes are in the last two sentences, making the bottom part of the
graf read:

---
   Or perhaps a user would want to associate
   requests for the range "zh-Hans" (Chinese as written in the
   Simplified script) with content bearing the language tag "zh-CN"
   (Chinese as used in China, where the Simplified script is
   predominant).  Documentation on how the ranges or tags are altered,
   prioritized, or compared in the subsequent match in such an
   implementation will assist users in making these types of
   configuration choices.
---

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
> Sent: 2006?5?2? 3:18
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: [Ltru] 2nd WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-matching
> 
> Dear LTRU WG,
> 
> Many of you have expected a Second WG Last Call, and here it is.
> Sorry for the delay due to personal reasons.
> 
> I have looked through the discussion of the previous last call,
> and tried to keep track of everything at
> http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp/2006/IETF/ltru/.
> If somebody thinks something is missing (or wrong), or would like
> some details to be added, or has some questions, please tell me.
> The substantive changes require another WG Last Call.
> 
> The duration of this Last Call is two (2) weeks, it will end on
> Tuesday, May 16, 11:00 UTC (20:00 Japan, 13:00 France,...,
> 4:00am US Pacific, and so on).
> 
> Please read the draft at
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-12.txt
> carefully and send in comments, with a subject indicating
> the issue. Please also send in a comment if you have read the
> draft and haven't found any issue.
> 
> If you have read earlier drafts, please note that this draft
> is a serious revision, better read on its own.
> 
> I hope that this time, we can successfully complete this last call
> and send the draft to the IESG.
> 
> 
> Regards,    Martin.
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Thu May 04 01:02:25 2006
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To: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-matching
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Martin Duerst scripsit:

> Please read the draft at
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-12.txt
> carefully and send in comments, with a subject indicating
> the issue. Please also send in a comment if you have read the
> draft and haven't found any issue.

Here are my comments, all editorial in nature:

1.  In Section 2.1, the first sentence of the first graf and the first
sentence of the second graf are overlapping and partly contradictory.
I suggest changing the first to:

	A "basic language range" (originally described by HTTP/1.1
	[RFC 2616] and later [RFC 3066bis] has the same syntax as an
	[RFC 3066bis] language tag or is the single character "*".

and removing the first sentence of the second graf altogether, but
expanding the following pronoun "They" to "Basic language ranges"
for clarity.

2.  In Section 2.2, for "useful in specifying" read "useful for
specifying".

3.  In Section 3, the second graf is redundant and confuses the
number of matching schemes with the number of *types* of matching
schemes.  I suggest it be removed in favor of changes to Section 3.1
following.

4.  In Section 3.1, for "types of matching" read "matching schemes",
and append "and returns zero or more matching language tags" to
list entries 1 and 2.

5.  In Section 3.3.1, replace the first sentenc with "Basic filtering
compares basic language ranges to language tags", for conformity wiht
Section 3.3.2.

6.  In Section 3.3.2, last graf, the words "One such difference is that"
don't seem to serve any purpose; I suggest they be removed.

7.  In Section 3.4, last graf, I suggest swapping the last two
sentences, with the exception of the words "For example" and "Another
possibility" which should be left in place.

8.  In Section 3.4.1, after "specification" insert "that uses lookup"
for clarity.

9.  In Section 3.4.1, the bullet list is a random mixture of tags
the algorithm might return as defaults, and the actions that the
calling application might take as a result.  I suggest these be
split more or less as follows:

	Some possible examples of default results are:

	* return a particular language tag designated for the operation

	* return a null string as a language tag value, in cases
	  where the protocol permits the empty value (yada yada)

	* return the language tag "i-default" (see [RFC 2277])

	* return an error condition or error message

	In turn, the application, protocol, or specification may choose to:

	* return an item with no language tag (yada yada)

	* return a list of available languages for the user to select from


10.  In Section 4.4. for "that apply" read "that can be applied" and
for "can also apply" read "can also be applied".

-- 
John Cowan    http://ccil.org/~cowan  cowan@ccil.org
Arise, you prisoners of Windows / Arise, you slaves of Redmond, Wash,
The day and hour soon are coming / When all the IT folks say "Gosh!"
It isn't from a clever lawsuit / That Windowsland will finally fall,
But thousands writing open source code / Like mice who nibble through a wall.
        --The Linux-nationale by Greg Baker

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Thu May 04 12:34:49 2006
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From: Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
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My comments are

a) version 12 of the document is fine the way it is, but
b) I have no real objection to any of John's suggested changes, except 
the general one that we could making minor incremental improvements to 
this document until we die of exhaustion, *none* of which are or have 
been worth delaying the publication of 3066bis! (Let's get this damn 
thing out the door!)

Mark

P.S. Not sure why we are really concerned with a German noble (Graf) in 
this document ;-)

John Cowan wrote:
> Martin Duerst scripsit:
>
>   
>> Please read the draft at
>> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-12.txt
>> carefully and send in comments, with a subject indicating
>> the issue. Please also send in a comment if you have read the
>> draft and haven't found any issue.
>>     
>
> Here are my comments, all editorial in nature:
>
> 1.  In Section 2.1, the first sentence of the first graf and the first
> sentence of the second graf are overlapping and partly contradictory.
> I suggest changing the first to:
>
> 	A "basic language range" (originally described by HTTP/1.1
> 	[RFC 2616] and later [RFC 3066bis] has the same syntax as an
> 	[RFC 3066bis] language tag or is the single character "*".
>
> and removing the first sentence of the second graf altogether, but
> expanding the following pronoun "They" to "Basic language ranges"
> for clarity.
>
> 2.  In Section 2.2, for "useful in specifying" read "useful for
> specifying".
>
> 3.  In Section 3, the second graf is redundant and confuses the
> number of matching schemes with the number of *types* of matching
> schemes.  I suggest it be removed in favor of changes to Section 3.1
> following.
>
> 4.  In Section 3.1, for "types of matching" read "matching schemes",
> and append "and returns zero or more matching language tags" to
> list entries 1 and 2.
>
> 5.  In Section 3.3.1, replace the first sentenc with "Basic filtering
> compares basic language ranges to language tags", for conformity wiht
> Section 3.3.2.
>
> 6.  In Section 3.3.2, last graf, the words "One such difference is that"
> don't seem to serve any purpose; I suggest they be removed.
>
> 7.  In Section 3.4, last graf, I suggest swapping the last two
> sentences, with the exception of the words "For example" and "Another
> possibility" which should be left in place.
>
> 8.  In Section 3.4.1, after "specification" insert "that uses lookup"
> for clarity.
>
> 9.  In Section 3.4.1, the bullet list is a random mixture of tags
> the algorithm might return as defaults, and the actions that the
> calling application might take as a result.  I suggest these be
> split more or less as follows:
>
> 	Some possible examples of default results are:
>
> 	* return a particular language tag designated for the operation
>
> 	* return a null string as a language tag value, in cases
> 	  where the protocol permits the empty value (yada yada)
>
> 	* return the language tag "i-default" (see [RFC 2277])
>
> 	* return an error condition or error message
>
> 	In turn, the application, protocol, or specification may choose to:
>
> 	* return an item with no language tag (yada yada)
>
> 	* return a list of available languages for the user to select from
>
>
> 10.  In Section 4.4. for "that apply" read "that can be applied" and
> for "can also apply" read "can also be applied".
>
>   

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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
To: "'Mark Davis'" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>,
	"'John Cowan'" <cowan@ccil.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-matching
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> a) version 12 of the document is fine the way it is, but

+1 to that... but...

I don't mind minor editorial comments like these, since they will not =
prevent us from moving forward and may assist us at IETF Last Call by =
making the document better. This is, after all, a Last Call for =
comments. The only things that will prevent us finishing this document =
off are substantive comments that cannot be addressed or "major" =
editorial comments. Substantive comments we can consider on their own =
merits and I think we would approach a major edit with great caution.

Our goal here, IMO, should be to submit draft-13 in the best possible =
shape for an IETF Last Call and to convince the chairs that the document =
is ready for its real Last Call and subsequent adoption. To that end, =
clarification of the text is welcome: I do not want to have multiple =
IETF Last Calls. I'm kind of tired of that.

"Bring out 'yer dead."

Addison

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Mark Davis [mailto:mark.davis@icu-project.org]
> Sent: 2006=E5=B9=B45=E6=9C=884=E6=97=A5 9:34
> To: John Cowan
> Cc: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-matching
>=20
> My comments are
>=20
> a) version 12 of the document is fine the way it is, but
> b) I have no real objection to any of John's suggested changes, except
> the general one that we could making minor incremental improvements to
> this document until we die of exhaustion, *none* of which are or have
> been worth delaying the publication of 3066bis! (Let's get this damn
> thing out the door!)
>=20
> Mark
>=20
> P.S. Not sure why we are really concerned with a German noble (Graf) =
in
> this document ;-)
>=20
> John Cowan wrote:
> > Martin Duerst scripsit:
> >
> >
> >> Please read the draft at
> >> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-12.txt
> >> carefully and send in comments, with a subject indicating
> >> the issue. Please also send in a comment if you have read the
> >> draft and haven't found any issue.
> >>
> >
> > Here are my comments, all editorial in nature:
> >
> > 1.  In Section 2.1, the first sentence of the first graf and the =
first
> > sentence of the second graf are overlapping and partly =
contradictory.
> > I suggest changing the first to:
> >
> > 	A "basic language range" (originally described by HTTP/1.1
> > 	[RFC 2616] and later [RFC 3066bis] has the same syntax as an
> > 	[RFC 3066bis] language tag or is the single character "*".
> >
> > and removing the first sentence of the second graf altogether, but
> > expanding the following pronoun "They" to "Basic language ranges"
> > for clarity.
> >
> > 2.  In Section 2.2, for "useful in specifying" read "useful for
> > specifying".
> >
> > 3.  In Section 3, the second graf is redundant and confuses the
> > number of matching schemes with the number of *types* of matching
> > schemes.  I suggest it be removed in favor of changes to Section 3.1
> > following.
> >
> > 4.  In Section 3.1, for "types of matching" read "matching schemes",
> > and append "and returns zero or more matching language tags" to
> > list entries 1 and 2.
> >
> > 5.  In Section 3.3.1, replace the first sentenc with "Basic =
filtering
> > compares basic language ranges to language tags", for conformity =
wiht
> > Section 3.3.2.
> >
> > 6.  In Section 3.3.2, last graf, the words "One such difference is =
that"
> > don't seem to serve any purpose; I suggest they be removed.
> >
> > 7.  In Section 3.4, last graf, I suggest swapping the last two
> > sentences, with the exception of the words "For example" and =
"Another
> > possibility" which should be left in place.
> >
> > 8.  In Section 3.4.1, after "specification" insert "that uses =
lookup"
> > for clarity.
> >
> > 9.  In Section 3.4.1, the bullet list is a random mixture of tags
> > the algorithm might return as defaults, and the actions that the
> > calling application might take as a result.  I suggest these be
> > split more or less as follows:
> >
> > 	Some possible examples of default results are:
> >
> > 	* return a particular language tag designated for the operation
> >
> > 	* return a null string as a language tag value, in cases
> > 	  where the protocol permits the empty value (yada yada)
> >
> > 	* return the language tag "i-default" (see [RFC 2277])
> >
> > 	* return an error condition or error message
> >
> > 	In turn, the application, protocol, or specification may choose to:
> >
> > 	* return an item with no language tag (yada yada)
> >
> > 	* return a list of available languages for the user to select from
> >
> >
> > 10.  In Section 4.4. for "that apply" read "that can be applied" and
> > for "can also apply" read "can also be applied".
> >
> >
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Thu May 04 13:44:28 2006
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
To: "'John Cowan'" <cowan@ccil.org>, "'Martin Duerst'" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-matching
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Hi John,

Thanks for the comments. 

Comments on my proposed disposition of each follow.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org]
> Sent: 2006?5?3? 22:02
> To: Martin Duerst
> Cc: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-matching
> 
> Martin Duerst scripsit:
> 
> > Please read the draft at
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-12.txt
> > carefully and send in comments, with a subject indicating
> > the issue. Please also send in a comment if you have read the
> > draft and haven't found any issue.
> 
> Here are my comments, all editorial in nature:
> 
> 1.  In Section 2.1, the first sentence of the first graf and the first
> sentence of the second graf are overlapping and partly contradictory.
> I suggest changing the first to:
> 
> 	A "basic language range" (originally described by HTTP/1.1
> 	[RFC 2616] and later [RFC 3066bis] has the same syntax as an
> 	[RFC 3066bis] language tag or is the single character "*".
> 
> and removing the first sentence of the second graf altogether, but
> expanding the following pronoun "They" to "Basic language ranges"
> for clarity.

Agreed, only I also extracted the parenthetical like this:

--
A "basic language range" has the same syntax as an <xref target="RFC3066"/>
language tag or is the single character "*". The basic language range was
originally described by <xref target="RFC2616">HTTP/1.1</xref> and later
<xref target="RFC3066"/>.
--
> 
> 2.  In Section 2.2, for "useful in specifying" read "useful for
> specifying".

Done.
> 
> 3.  In Section 3, the second graf is redundant and confuses the
> number of matching schemes with the number of *types* of matching
> schemes.  I suggest it be removed in favor of changes to Section 3.1
> following.

This would remove the definition of filtering and lookup. It would be better
to fix the inconsistencies in the language later.
> 
> 4.  In Section 3.1, for "types of matching" read "matching schemes",
> and append "and returns zero or more matching language tags" to
> list entries 1 and 2.

Changed the section title as proposed.
Change the intro to the list of schemes from:

--
This document describes three types of matching
--

To read:

--
This document describes three matching schemes
--
> 
> 5.  In Section 3.3.1, replace the first sentenc with "Basic filtering
> compares basic language ranges to language tags", for conformity wiht
> Section 3.3.2.

Done.
> 
> 6.  In Section 3.3.2, last graf, the words "One such difference is that"
> don't seem to serve any purpose; I suggest they be removed.

Done.
> 
> 7.  In Section 3.4, last graf, I suggest swapping the last two
> sentences, with the exception of the words "For example" and "Another
> possibility" which should be left in place.

I like that more. Here is the resulting para (there are three sentences,
actually, and the middle sentence must be after the ASCII-order suggestion):

<t>For example, an implementation could map the extended language ranges to
basic ranges. Another possibility would be for an implementation to return
the matching tag that is first in ASCII-order. If the language range were
"*-CH" and the set of tags included "de-CH", "fr-CH", and "it-CH", then the
tag "de-CH" would be returned.</t>
> 
> 8.  In Section 3.4.1, after "specification" insert "that uses lookup"
> for clarity.

Done.
> 
> 9.  In Section 3.4.1, the bullet list is a random mixture of tags
> the algorithm might return as defaults, and the actions that the
> calling application might take as a result.  I suggest these be
> split more or less as follows:
> 
> 	Some possible examples of default results are:
> 
> 	* return a particular language tag designated for the operation
> 
> 	* return a null string as a language tag value, in cases
> 	  where the protocol permits the empty value (yada yada)
> 
> 	* return the language tag "i-default" (see [RFC 2277])
> 
> 	* return an error condition or error message
> 
> 	In turn, the application, protocol, or specification may choose to:
> 
> 	* return an item with no language tag (yada yada)
> 
> 	* return a list of available languages for the user to select from


Hm... I don't see this particular one as necessary and think it subtracts
from the unity of the message. I didn't implement this change, as a result.
> 
> 
> 10.  In Section 4.4. for "that apply" read "that can be applied" and
> for "can also apply" read "can also be applied".
> 
Done.


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Thu May 04 14:50:46 2006
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Addison Phillips scripsit:

> Comments on my proposed disposition of each follow.

No complaints and no further comments.  I'm done.

-- 
After fixing the Y2K bug in an application:     John Cowan
        WELCOME TO <censored>                   cowan@ccil.org
        DATE: MONDAK, JANUARK 1, 1900           http://www.ccil.org/~cowan

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Peter Constable scripsit:

> For my part, I am finally working on preparing the text for ISO/FDIS
> 639-3, 

Ah, excellent.  Is this the time to ask you to add "sgn" as a macrolanguage
covering all the sign languages?  That would greatly simplify the tasks
required for 3066ter.

-- 
Why are well-meaning Westerners so concerned that   John Cowan
the opening of a Colonel Sanders in Beijing means   cowan@ccil.org
the end of Chinese culture? [...]  We have had      http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Chinese restaurants in America for over a century,
and it hasn't made us Chinese.  On the contrary,
we obliged the Chinese to invent chop suey.            --Marshall Sahlins

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All:

The WG last call (on draft-12) ends next Tuesday, 16 May. Yesterday I =
updated the editor's copy of draft-13 to incorporate John Cowan's =
comments and placed the copy on my personal website here:

http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13.txt
http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13.html
http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13.xml

Because this document is subject to change due to other comments, I did =
not generate a static diff from draft-12. I did provide a link on my =
homepage to generate one on the fly. The TinyURL for this is:

http://tinyurl.com/kc3f8

If you have lingering issues or comments, now is the time for them. =
Otherwise I look forward to submitting draft-13 next Wednesday and its =
subsequent referral to the IESG.

Addison (for the editors)

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature.=20



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 05:51:35 2006
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Subject: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: reduce 'could', 'would', 'might'
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[co-chair hat off, for this and following mails, unless explicitly
indicating the contrary]

This is something I have been working on continuously, with not
too much success, but I'm trying it again: There are many
instances where 'might', 'could', or 'would' is used, but isn't necessary.
This is particularly frequent in examples. If something is declared
as an example, there is no need to use conditional language,
it's already prefectly clear that it's just an example.

I hope that with the changes below, the document will read more
like a spec and less like speculation :-).

[sometimes, some other word also needs to be changed, e.g.
from past/conditional to present]

Please change as proposed below:

    Applications, protocols, or specifications, in addressing their
    particular requirements, can offer pre-processing or configuration
    options.  For example, an implementation could allow a user to
    associate or map a particular language range to a different value.

    could -> can


                              Or perhaps the user could associate the
    range "zh-Hans" (Chinese as written in the Simplified script) with
    the language tag "zh-CN" (Chinese as used in China, where the
    Simplified script is predominant) because content is available with
    that tag.

    could -> will (maybe also change 'the user' to 'a user')


    For example, an implementation could return the matching tag that is
    first in ASCII-order.  If the language range were "*-CH" and the set
    of tags included "de-CH", "fr-CH", and "it-CH", then the tag "de-CH"
    would be returned.  Another possibility would be for an
    implementation to map the extended language ranges to basic ranges.

    could -> can, were -> is, included -> includes, would be -> is (two times)


                                 When given as examples in this document,
    language priority lists will be shown as a quoted sequence of ranges
    separated by commas, like this: "en, fr, zh-Hant" (which would be
    read as "English before French before Chinese as written in the
    Traditional script").

    "would be read" -> "is read" (or "reads")


                                      An example of this would be the use
    of "q" values in the syntax of the "Accept-Language" header (defined
    in [RFC2616], Section 14.4, and [RFC3282]).

    "would be" -> "is"


    An extended language range is mapped to a basic language range as
    follows: if the first subtag is a '*' then the entire range is
    treated as "*", otherwise each wildcard subtag is removed.  For
    example, if the language range were "en-*-US", then the range would
    be mapped to "en-US".

    "were" -> "is", "would be" -> "is"


    For example, if a particular user's language priority list were
    "fr-FR, zh-Hant" and the program doing the matching had a default
    language range of "ja-JP", the program would search as follows:

    "were" -> "is", "would search" -> "searches"


    Users SHOULD avoid subtags that add no distinguishing value to a
    language range.  When filtering, the fewer the number of subtags that
    appear in the language range, the more content the range will
    probably match, while in lookup unnecessary subtags might cause
    "better", more-specific content to be skipped in favor of less
    specific content.  For example, the range "de-Latn-DE" would return
    content tagged "de" instead of content tagged "de-DE", even though
    the latter is probably a better match.

    might -> can, would -> will


                      For example, if a process were to insert a human
    readable error message into a protocol header, it might select the
    text based on the user's language priority list.  Since the process
    can return only one item, it must choose a single item and it must
    return some item, even if none of the content's language tags match
    the language priority list supplied by the user.

    were to insert -> inserts, might select -> can select


    The wildcard subtag '*' can occur in any position in the extended
    language range, where it matches any sequence of subtags that might
    occur in that position in a language tag.

    might occur -> occur


    Filtering can be used to produce a set of results (such as a
    collection of documents) by comparing the user's preferences to a set
    of language tags.  For example, when performing a search, one might
    use filtering to limit the results to items tagged as being in the
    French language.  Filtering can also be used when deciding whether to
    perform a language-sensitive process on some content.  For example, a
    process might cause paragraphs whose language tag matched the
    language range "nl" to be displayed in italics within a document.

    might -> can (two times), matched -> match


    Lookup produces the single result that best matches the user's
    preferences from the list of available tags, so it is useful in cases
    in which a single item is required (and for which only a single item
    can be returned).  For example, if a process were to insert a human
    readable error message into a protocol header, it might select the
    text based on the user's language priority list.  Since the process
    can return only one item, it must choose a single item and it must
    return some item, even if none of the content's language tags match
    the language priority list supplied by the user.

    were to insert -> inserts, might select -> selects


    o  For lookup, what the default item is (or the sequence of
       operations or configuration information used to determine the
       default) when no matching tag is found.  For instance, a protocol
       might define the result as failure of the operation, an empty
       value, returning some protocol defined or implementation defined
       default, or returning i-default [RFC2277].

     might -> can


    Some examples of applications where filtering might be appropriatd sequence of ranges
    separated by commas, like this: "en, fr, zh-Hant" (which would be
    read as "English before French before Chinese as written in the
    Traditional script").

    "would be read" -> "is read" (or "reads")


                                      An example of this would be the use
    of "q" values in the syntax of the "Accept-Language" header (defined
    in [RFC2616], Section 14.4, and [RFC3282]).

    "would be" -> "is"


    An extended language range is mapped to a basic language range as
    follows: if the first subtag is a '*' then the entire range is
    treated as "*", otherwise each wildcard subtag is removed.  For
    example, if the language range were "en-*-US", then the range would
    be mapped to "en-US".

    "were" -> "is", "would be" -> "is"


    For example, if a particular user's language priority list were
    "fr-FR, zh-Hant" and the program doing the matching had a default
    language range of "ja-JP", the program would search as follows:

    "were" -> "is", "would search" -> "searches"


    Users SHOULD avoid subtags that add no distinguishing value to a
    language range.  When filtering, the fewer the number of subtags that
    appear in the language range, the more content the range will
    probably match, while in lookup unnecessary subtags might cause
    "better", more-specific content to be skipped in favor of less
    specific content.  For example, the range "de-Latn-DE" would return
    content tagged "de" instead of content tagged "de-DE", even though
    the latter is probably a better match.

    might -> can, would -> will


                      For example, if a process were to insert a human
    readable error message into a protocol header, it might select the
    text based on the user's language priority list.  Since the process
    can return only one item, it must choose a single item and it must
    return some item, even if none of the content's language tags match
    the language priority list supplied by the user.

    were to insert -> inserts, might select -> can select


    The wildcard subtag '*' can occur in any position in the extended
    language range, where it matches any sequence of subtags that might
    occur in that position in a language tag.

    might occur -> occur


    Filtering can be used to produce a set of results (such as a
    collection of documents) by comparing the user's preferences to a set
    of language tags.  For example, when performing a search, one might
    use filtering to limit the results to items tagged as being in the
    French language.  Filtering can also be used when deciding whether to
    perform a language-sensitive process on some content.  For example, a
    process might cause paragraphs whose language tag matched the
    language range "nl" to be displayed in italics within a document.

    might -> can (two times), matched -> match


    Lookup produces the single result that best matches the user's
    preferences from the list of available tags, so it is useful in cases
    in which a single item is required (and for which only a single item
    can be returned).  For example, if a process were to insert a human
    readable error message into a protocol header, it might select the
    text based on the user's language priority list.  Since the process
    can return only one item, it must choose a single item and it must
    return some item, even if none of the content's language tags match
    the language priority list supplied by the user.

    were to insert -> inserts, might select -> selects


    o  For lookup, what the default item is (or the sequence of
       operations or configuration information used to determine the
       default) when no matching tag is found.  For instance, a protocol
       might define the result as failure of the operation, an empty
       value, returning some protocol defined or implementation defined
       default, or returning i-default [RFC2277].

     might -> can


    Some examples of applications where filtering might be appropriate
    include:

    might -> can (or will?)


    For example, if an application inserts some dynamic content into a
    document, returning an empty string if there is no exact match is not
    an option.  Instead, the application "falls back" until it finds a
    matching language tag associated with a suitable piece of content to
    insert.  Examples of lookup might include:

    might include -> include


    Extensions and unrecognized private-use subtags might be unrelated to
    a particular application of lookup.  Since these subtags come at the
    end of the subtag sequence, they are removed first during the
    fallback process and usually pose no barrier to interoperability.

    might be -> can be


                                    Such modification is internal to the
    implementation and applications, protocols, or specifications SHOULD
    NOT remove or modify subtags in content that they return or forward,
    because this removes information that might be used elsewhere.

    might be -> can be


    In some cases, the language priority list might contain one or more
    extended language ranges (as, for example, when the same language
    priority list is used as input for both lookup and filtering
    operations).

    might contain -> can contain


    Each application, protocol, or specification MUST define the
    defaulting behavior when no tag matches the language priority list.
    What this action consists of strongly depends on how lookup is being
    applied.  Some examples of defaulting behavior might include:

    might include -> include


    The default value MAY be calculated and might include additional
    searching or matching.  Applications, protocols, or specifications
    can specify different ways in which users can specify or override the
    defaults.

    might -> can


    Applications are encouraged to canonicalize language tags and ranges
    by using the Preferred-Value from the IANA Language Subtag Registry
    for tags or subtags which have been deprecated.  If the user is
    working with content that might use the older form, the user might
    want to include both the new and old forms in a language priority
    list.  For example, the tag "art-lojban" is deprecated.  The subtag
    'jbo' is supposed to be used instead, so the user might use it to
    form the language range.  Or the user might include both in a
    language priority list: "jbo, art-lojban".

    four 'might' in a single paragraph, please reduce


    Users SHOULD avoid subtags that add no distinguishing value to a
    language range.  When filtering, the fewer the number of subtags that
    appear in the language range, the more content the range will
    probably match, while in lookup unnecessary subtags might cause
    "better", more-specific content to be skipped in favor of less
    specific content.

    might -> can


    Whether a subtag adds distinguishing value can depend on the context
    of the request.  For example, a user who reads both Simplified and
    Traditional Chinese, but who prefers Simplified, might use the range
    "zh" for filtering (matching all items that user can read) but "zh-
    Hans" for lookup (making sure that user gets the preferred form if
    it's available, but the fallback to "zh" will still work).  On the
    other hand, content in this case should be labeled as "zh-Hans" (or
    "zh-Hant" if that applies) for filtering, but for lookup, if there is
    either "zh-Hans" content or "zh-Hant" content, then one of them (the
    one considered 'default') should also be available under a simple
    "zh".

    might use -> can use
    There is also a lower-case should, which we should remove.
    Maybe write "preferably also is made available under a simple "zh"."


Regards,     Martin. 


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This is a leftover from the previous last call: [co-chair hat off]

In http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ltru/current/msg04779.html,
as point J, I wrote:

J) editorial, sentence structure/word usage

 >>>>>>>>
   The first para of Section 4.3 says:


     Private-use subtags require private agreement between the parties
     that intend to use or exchange language tags that use them and great
     caution SHOULD be used in employing them in content or protocols
     intended for general use.  Private-use subtags are simply useless for
     information exchange without prior arrangement.


   The first sentence is difficult to understand. 'use' is used too much.
   I suggest the following rewrite:


     Private argeement is necessary between the parties that intend to use
     or exchange language tags that contain private-use subtags.
     Great caution SHOULD be used in employing private-use subtags in
     content or protocols intended for general use.  Private-use subtags
     are simply useless for information exchange without prior arrangement.
 >>>>>>>>

To this, Addison had a simple +1 at
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ltru/current/msg04784.html.


But this paragraph currently reads:

    Private-use subtags require private agreement between the parties
    that intend to use or exchange language tags that use them.  They
    SHOULD NOT be used in content or protocols intended for general use.
    Private-use subtags are simply useless for information exchange
    without prior arrangement.

This change was due to a last call comment from Randy, but it leaves
the problem in the first sentence that I pointed out originally.

Please fix.

Regards,    Martin. 


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 06:42:40 2006
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One of the editing guidelines that I think we have adopted
is that we always make clear what the codes in the examples
mean. There are a few cases where we forgot:


                                                     For example, a
    process might cause paragraphs whose language tag matched the
    language range "nl" to be displayed in italics within a document.


    Note that canonicalizing language ranges makes certain operations
    impossible.  For example, an implementation that canonicalizes the
    language range "art-lojban" to use the more modern "jbo" cannot be
    used to select just the items with the older tag.


    An extended language range is mapped to a basic language range as
    follows: if the first subtag is a '*' then the entire range is
    treated as "*", otherwise each wildcard subtag is removed.  For
    example, if the language range were "en-*-US", then the range would
    be mapped to "en-US".


    For example, if the language priority list consists of the
    range "de-CH", one might see tags such as "de-CH-1996" but one will
    never see a tag such as "de" (because the 'CH' subtag is missing).


                                  For example, the language-range "de-de"
    matches the language tag "de-DE-1996", but not the language tags "de-
    Deva" or "de-Latn-DE".


The following list (at least those that we didn't explain previously)

      de-DE

       de-Latn-DE

       de-Latf-DE

       de-de

       de-DE-x-goethe

       de-Latn-DE-1996

       de-Deva-DE

    The same range does not match any of the following tags for the
    reasons shown:

       de (missing 'DE')

       de-x-DE (singleton 'x' occurs before 'DE')

       de-Deva ('Deva' not equal to 'DE')


                                                                For
    example, starting with the range "zh-Hant-CN-x-private1-private2",
    the lookup progressively searches for content as shown below:


    For example, an implementation could return the matching tag that is
    first in ASCII-order.  If the language range were "*-CH" and the set
    of tags included "de-CH", "fr-CH", and "it-CH", then the tag "de-CH"
    would be returned.  Another possibility would be for an
    implementation to map the extended language ranges to basic ranges.


    For example, if a particular user's language priority list were
    "fr-FR, zh-Hant" and the program doing the matching had a default
    language range of "ja-JP", the program would search as follows:


[I have not mentioned all the repetitions of the same tag, because
I don't think giving the same explanations every time is necessary.]


Regards,    Martin. 


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The abstract is one of the most important pieces of a document.
Given this, I feel that ours could need some work. I have felt
that way for a long time, but I thought I'd wait until the
content doesn't change anymore. The abstract currently
reads:

    This document describes different mechanisms for comparing and
    matching language tags.  Possible algorithms for language negotiation
    or content selection, filtering, and lookup are described.  This
    document, in combination with RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace "3066bis"
    with the RFC number assigned to draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14),
    replaces RFC 3066, which replaced RFC 1766.


Which effectively just is:

    This document describes different mechanisms for comparing and
    matching language tags.  Possible algorithms for language negotiation
    or content selection, filtering, and lookup are described.  This
    document, in combination with RFC XXXX, replaces RFC 3066, which
    replaced RFC 1766.

I propose to change this as follows:

    This document describes a syntax, called language-range, for indicating
    language preferences, and different mechanisms for comparing and
    matching language tags.  Two kinds of matching mechanisms, filtering
    and lookup, are defined.  Filtering produces a potentially empty list
    of language tags, whereas lookup produces a single language tag.
    Possible applications include language negotiation or content selection.
    This document, in combination with RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace "3066bis"
    with the RFC number assigned to draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces
    RFC 3066, which replaced RFC 1766.


Regards,    Martin. 


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I have read the document and I haven't found any particular issues with it.
The editorial comments that I might have made appear to have been dealt 
with.

Sincerely,
Erkki I. Kolehmainen

Martin Duerst wrote:

> Dear LTRU WG,
> 
> Many of you have expected a Second WG Last Call, and here it is.
> Sorry for the delay due to personal reasons.
> 
> I have looked through the discussion of the previous last call,
> and tried to keep track of everything at
> http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp/2006/IETF/ltru/.
> If somebody thinks something is missing (or wrong), or would like
> some details to be added, or has some questions, please tell me.
> The substantive changes require another WG Last Call.
> 
> The duration of this Last Call is two (2) weeks, it will end on
> Tuesday, May 16, 11:00 UTC (20:00 Japan, 13:00 France,...,
> 4:00am US Pacific, and so on).
> 
> Please read the draft at
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-12.txt
> carefully and send in comments, with a subject indicating
> the issue. Please also send in a comment if you have read the
> draft and haven't found any issue.
> 
> If you have read earlier drafts, please note that this draft
> is a serious revision, better read on its own.
> 
> I hope that this time, we can successfully complete this last call
> and send the draft to the IESG.
> 
> 
> Regards,    Martin.
> 
> _______________________________________________
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The abstract is one of the most important pieces of a document.
Given this, I feel that ours could need some work. I have felt
that way for a long time, but I thought I'd wait until the
content doesn't change anymore. The abstract currently
reads:

    This document describes different mechanisms for comparing and
    matching language tags.  Possible algorithms for language negotiation
    or content selection, filtering, and lookup are described.  This
    document, in combination with RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace "3066bis"
    with the RFC number assigned to draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14),
    replaces RFC 3066, which replaced RFC 1766.


Which effectively just is:

    This document describes different mechanisms for comparing and
    matching language tags.  Possible algorithms for language negotiation
    or content selection, filtering, and lookup are described.  This
    document, in combination with RFC XXXX, replaces RFC 3066, which
    replaced RFC 1766.

I propose to change this as follows:

    This document describes a syntax, called language-range, for indicating
    language preferences, and different mechanisms for comparing and
    matching language tags.  Two kinds of matching mechanisms, filtering
    and lookup, are defined.  Filtering produces a potentially empty list
    of language tags, whereas lookup produces a single language tag.
    Possible applications include language negotiation or content selection.
    This document, in combination with RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace "3066bis"
    with the RFC number assigned to draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces
    RFC 3066, which replaced RFC 1766.


Regards,    Martin. 


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I have read the document and I haven't found any particular issues with it.
The editorial comments that I might have made appear to have been dealt 
with.

Sincerely,
Erkki I. Kolehmainen

Martin Duerst wrote:

> Dear LTRU WG,
> 
> Many of you have expected a Second WG Last Call, and here it is.
> Sorry for the delay due to personal reasons.
> 
> I have looked through the discussion of the previous last call,
> and tried to keep track of everything at
> http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp/2006/IETF/ltru/.
> If somebody thinks something is missing (or wrong), or would like
> some details to be added, or has some questions, please tell me.
> The substantive changes require another WG Last Call.
> 
> The duration of this Last Call is two (2) weeks, it will end on
> Tuesday, May 16, 11:00 UTC (20:00 Japan, 13:00 France,...,
> 4:00am US Pacific, and so on).
> 
> Please read the draft at
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-12.txt
> carefully and send in comments, with a subject indicating
> the issue. Please also send in a comment if you have read the
> draft and haven't found any issue.
> 
> If you have read earlier drafts, please note that this draft
> is a serious revision, better read on its own.
> 
> I hope that this time, we can successfully complete this last call
> and send the draft to the IESG.
> 
> 
> Regards,    Martin.
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 06:46:00 2006
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Dear WG Members,               [co-chair hat on]

The 2nd WG Last Call for the matching draft ends at the top of
the hour. So far, we have not received many comments.
In many ways, this may be a good sign, because it can mean there
is not much anymore to fix in this draft, we are ready to submit
it to the IESG.

However, it may also mean that just very few people have read
the draft, which would mean that it has not yet received enough
review. As there were quite some significant changes from the
previous version (-11), it is important that we make sure that
enough people have read the draft carefully.

So, if you have read the draft and not found any issues, please
say so on the mailing list (or privately to the chairs if you
prefer). You can do so even after the deadline has passed.
I would in particular like to hear from those people who made
comments on the first Last Call.

Regards,     Martin. 


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 07:32:43 2006
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[This is somehow the 'misc' bucket of my comments.]


Here is a sentence that I think is too complicated:

    This allows some flexibility in finding a match.  For example, lookup
    provides better results for cases in which content is not available
    that exactly matches the user request than if the default language
    for the system or content were returned immediately.

    'that' and 'than' in the same sentence, and the length of the sentence,
    make this difficult to read. I propose:

    This fallback behavior allows some flexibility in finding a match.
    Without fallback, in the case that content that exactly matches is
    not available, the default content would be returned immediately.
    The fallback in lookup will make sure that a better result (i.e.
    content more closely matching the user request) is made available
    if it exists.

    (any other fix that keeps the meaning while simplifying the long
    sentence is also okay with me)


Here's some typo:

    since these ranges will won't match any valid language tags.

    will won't -> will not


The first para in the introduction:

    Human beings on our planet have, past and present, used a number of
    languages.  There are many reasons why one would want to identify the
    language used when presenting or requesting information or in some
    specific set of information items.

Every time I read this, I have problems parsing the second sentence.
What about rewording as follows:

                There are many reasons why one wants to identify the
    language used when presenting or requesting information, or the
    language used in some specific set of information items.


Just before 3.4:

                         This is the reason why a wildcard in the
    extended language range is significant in the first position and
    subsequently ignored.

I think this is easier to read if it says:

                         This is the reason why a wildcard in the
    extended language range is significant in the first position, but
    is subsequently ignored.


Regards,     Martin. 


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Subject: RE: [Ltru] Please Comment on Matching Draft 2nd WG Last Call
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Hi Martin

I have read the draft in detail and have no further comments to make.

Best regards

Debbie Garside
 

-----Original Message-----
From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp] 
Sent: 16 May 2006 11:44
To: LTRU Working Group
Subject: [Ltru] Please Comment on Matching Draft 2nd WG Last Call

Dear WG Members,               [co-chair hat on]

The 2nd WG Last Call for the matching draft ends at the top of the hour. So
far, we have not received many comments.
In many ways, this may be a good sign, because it can mean there is not much
anymore to fix in this draft, we are ready to submit it to the IESG.

However, it may also mean that just very few people have read the draft,
which would mean that it has not yet received enough review. As there were
quite some significant changes from the previous version (-11), it is
important that we make sure that enough people have read the draft
carefully.

So, if you have read the draft and not found any issues, please say so on
the mailing list (or privately to the chairs if you prefer). You can do so
even after the deadline has passed.
I would in particular like to hear from those people who made comments on
the first Last Call.

Regards,     Martin. 


_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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This is the only last call comment that I have that is potentially
substantive:

In section 3.3.2, Extended Filtering, point D says:

        D.  Else, if the language tag's subtag is a "singleton" (a single
            letter or digit, which includes the private-use subtag 'x')
            the match fails.

The way I understand this, this makes it impossible e.g. to
match the language range "en-US-x-private" to the language tag
"en-US-x-private".

In my recollection, this was different even just as late as the
previous draft (-11).

My questions here:

Is my interpretation of the current text correct?

Is my recollection of the state in -11 and earlier correct?

If the answer to both questions above is yes, then do we really
want things to work this way?


Regards,    Martin. 


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Subject: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: lower-case may/should/must
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These are the lower-case may/should/must in the main text that
I found. There is no IETF rule that forbids these that I'm aware
of, but as we tried hard to avoid them, we can as well do the
full job. If not, we can as well change back many 'might's to
simple 'may's.


    A speaker of Breton in France, for example, may specify
    "br" followed by "fr", meaning that if Breton is available, it is
    preferred, but otherwise French is the best alternative.  It can get
    more complex: a user may wish to fall back from Skolt Sami to
    Northern Sami to Finnish.

    may specify -> can specify
    may wish to -> wants to


    When working with language ranges and matching schemes, there are
    some additional points that may influence the choice of either.

    may -> can


    Filtering seems to imply that there is a semantic relationship
    between language tags that share the same prefix.  While this is
    often the case, it is not always true and users should note that the
    set of language tags that match a specific language range do not
    necessarily represent mutually intelligible languages.

    change " and users should not that" to ": ".

    Also, while at it, change "the set of language tags that match"
    to "the language tags that match", to make this match with "do"
    later in the sentence. The result of these edits would be:

    Filtering seems to imply that there is a semantic relationship
    between language tags that share the same prefix.  While this is
    often the case, it is not always true: the language tags that match
    a specific language range do not necessarily represent mutually
    intelligible languages.


    Whether a subtag adds distinguishing value can depend on the context
    of the request.  For example, a user who reads both Simplified and
    Traditional Chinese, but who prefers Simplified, might use the range
    "zh" for filtering (matching all items that user can read) but "zh-
    Hans" for lookup (making sure that user gets the preferred form if
    it's available, but the fallback to "zh" will still work).  On the
    other hand, content in this case should be labeled as "zh-Hans" (or
    "zh-Hant" if that applies) for filtering, but for lookup, if there is
    either "zh-Hans" content or "zh-Hant" content, then one of them (the
    one considered 'default') should also be available under a simple
    "zh".

    should be labeled -> preferabily is labeled
    should also be available -> preferably also is made available


    Language tags permit only the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, and HYPHEN-
    MINUS (%x2D).  Language ranges also use the character ASTERISK
    (%x2A).  These characters are present in most character sets, so
    presentation or exchange of language tags or ranges should not be
    constrained by character set issues.

    should not be -> is not




    Lookup produces the single result that best matches the user's
    preferences from the list of available tags, so it is useful in cases
    in which a single item is required (and for which only a single item
    can be returned).  For example, if a process were to insert a human
    readable error message into a protocol header, it might select the
    text based on the user's language priority list.  Since the process
    can return only one item, it must choose a single item and it must
    return some item, even if none of the content's language tags match
    the language priority list supplied by the user.

    must -> has to (twice)




    Very special thanks must go to Harald Tveit Alvestrand, who
    originated RFCs 1766 and 3066, and without whom this document would
    not have been possible.

    [I can live with that, since it's clearly outside the normative
     part of the spec.]


Regards,     Martin. 


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On Tue, 16 May 2006, Martin Duerst wrote:

> I propose to change this as follows:
>
>   This document describes a syntax, called language-range, for indicating
>   language preferences, and different mechanisms for comparing and
>   matching language tags.  Two kinds of matching mechanisms, filtering
>   and lookup, are defined.  Filtering produces a potentially empty list
>   of language tags, whereas lookup produces a single language tag.
>   Possible applications include language negotiation or content selection.

Looks much more informative. In the last sentence of the part that I 
quoted, I think the order should be different, corresponding to the order 
in which filtering (which is usually for content selection) and lookup 
have been mentioned, and "and" would sound like a more suitable 
conjunction than "or":

"Possible applications include content selection and language negotiation."

-- 
Jukka "Yucca" Korpela, http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 09:02:54 2006
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Martin Duerst scripsit:

-1.  Not clear why on this one either.

> Please change as proposed below:

Some of these changes generate forms that, to a native anglophone
ear, are unnatural English.  Anything I don't mention here, I approve of
without comment.

>                              Or perhaps the user could associate the
>    range "zh-Hans" (Chinese as written in the Simplified script) with
>    the language tag "zh-CN" (Chinese as used in China, where the
>    Simplified script is predominant) because content is available with
>    that tag.
> 
>    could -> will (maybe also change 'the user' to 'a user')

Unnatural.  Better:  "a user will want to"

>    For example, an implementation could return the matching tag that is
>    first in ASCII-order.  If the language range were "*-CH" and the set
>    of tags included "de-CH", "fr-CH", and "it-CH", then the tag "de-CH"
>    would be returned.  Another possibility would be for an
>    implementation to map the extended language ranges to basic ranges.
> 
>    could -> can, were -> is, included -> includes, would be -> is (two 
>    times)

-1.  This should be left firmly conditional.

>                                 When given as examples in this document,
>    language priority lists will be shown as a quoted sequence of ranges
>    separated by commas, like this: "en, fr, zh-Hant" (which would be
>    read as "English before French before Chinese as written in the
>    Traditional script").
> 
>    "would be read" -> "is read" (or "reads")

+1.  "is read" is preferable.

>    An extended language range is mapped to a basic language range as
>    follows: if the first subtag is a '*' then the entire range is
>    treated as "*", otherwise each wildcard subtag is removed.  For
>    example, if the language range were "en-*-US", then the range would
>    be mapped to "en-US".
> 
>    "were" -> "is", "would be" -> "is"

+1 in principle.  Better:  'For example, a language range of "en-*-US"
is mapped to "en-US".'

>    Filtering can be used to produce a set of results (such as a
>    collection of documents) by comparing the user's preferences to a set
>    of language tags.  For example, when performing a search, one might
>    use filtering to limit the results to items tagged as being in the
>    French language.  Filtering can also be used when deciding whether to
>    perform a language-sensitive process on some content.  For example, a
>    process might cause paragraphs whose language tag matched the
>    language range "nl" to be displayed in italics within a document.
> 
>    might -> can (two times), matched -> match

"Match" would be outright ungrammatical, but "matches" works.
I doubt this is worth changing.  +1 on might -> can.

>    o  For lookup, what the default item is (or the sequence of
>       operations or configuration information used to determine the
>       default) when no matching tag is found.  For instance, a protocol
>       might define the result as failure of the operation, an empty
>       value, returning some protocol defined or implementation defined
>       default, or returning i-default [RFC2277].
> 
>     might -> can

-1.  This should be left alone for reasons I can't quite explain (a
matter of Sprachgefuehl).

>    Some examples of applications where filtering might be appropriate
>    include:
> 
>    might -> can (or will?)

-1.  This should definitely be left alone.  Both "can" and "will" are
too strong.

>    For example, if an application inserts some dynamic content into a
>    document, returning an empty string if there is no exact match is not
>    an option.  Instead, the application "falls back" until it finds a
>    matching language tag associated with a suitable piece of content to
>    insert.  Examples of lookup might include:
> 
>    might include -> include

Better:  "Possible applications of lookup include:"

>    Extensions and unrecognized private-use subtags might be unrelated to
>    a particular application of lookup.  Since these subtags come at the
>    end of the subtag sequence, they are removed first during the
>    fallback process and usually pose no barrier to interoperability.
> 
>    might be -> can be

-1.  That changes meaning.

>                                    Such modification is internal to the
>    implementation and applications, protocols, or specifications SHOULD
>    NOT remove or modify subtags in content that they return or forward,
>    because this removes information that might be used elsewhere.
> 
>    might be -> can be

+1, even though this too changes meaning.

>    Applications are encouraged to canonicalize language tags and ranges
>    by using the Preferred-Value from the IANA Language Subtag Registry
>    for tags or subtags which have been deprecated.  If the user is
>    working with content that might use the older form, the user might
>    want to include both the new and old forms in a language priority
>    list.  For example, the tag "art-lojban" is deprecated.  The subtag
>    'jbo' is supposed to be used instead, so the user might use it to
>    form the language range.  Or the user might include both in a
>    language priority list: "jbo, art-lojban".
> 
>    four 'might' in a single paragraph, please reduce

I think the last can be changed to "can include", but the rest should
stand: the first one is about a speculation (on what exists in the
unsearched data); the second and third express mere possibility
and would be "may" if that word weren't effectively pre-empted.

>    Whether a subtag adds distinguishing value can depend on the context
>    of the request.  For example, a user who reads both Simplified and
>    Traditional Chinese, but who prefers Simplified, might use the range
>    "zh" for filtering (matching all items that user can read) but "zh-
>    Hans" for lookup (making sure that user gets the preferred form if
>    it's available, but the fallback to "zh" will still work).  On the
>    other hand, content in this case should be labeled as "zh-Hans" (or
>    "zh-Hant" if that applies) for filtering, but for lookup, if there is
>    either "zh-Hans" content or "zh-Hant" content, then one of them (the
>    one considered 'default') should also be available under a simple
>    "zh".
> 
>    might use -> can use

-1.  This is mere possibility, so "might" is appropriate (see above).

>    There is also a lower-case should, which we should remove.
>    Maybe write "preferably also is made available under a simple "zh"."

-1.  That is very clunky.  I propose "ought also to be available".

-- 
It was impossible to inveigle           John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel           http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Into offering the slightest apology
For his Phenomenology.                      --W. H. Auden, from "People" (1953)

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Martin Duerst scripsit:

> These are the lower-case may/should/must in the main text that
> I found. There is no IETF rule that forbids these that I'm aware
> of, but as we tried hard to avoid them, we can as well do the
> full job. If not, we can as well change back many 'might's to
> simple 'may's.

As before, anything omitted is a simple +1.

>    A speaker of Breton in France, for example, may specify
>    "br" followed by "fr", meaning that if Breton is available, it is
>    preferred, but otherwise French is the best alternative.  It can get
>    more complex: a user may wish to fall back from Skolt Sami to
>    Northern Sami to Finnish.
> 
>    may specify -> can specify
>    may wish to -> wants to

+1 on the first, but -1 on the second: omitting "may" altogether
makes the sentence into a factual claim rather than a hypothetical one.
"Might" is probably the best bet here.

>    Whether a subtag adds distinguishing value can depend on the context
>    of the request.  For example, a user who reads both Simplified and
>    Traditional Chinese, but who prefers Simplified, might use the range
>    "zh" for filtering (matching all items that user can read) but "zh-
>    Hans" for lookup (making sure that user gets the preferred form if
>    it's available, but the fallback to "zh" will still work).  On the
>    other hand, content in this case should be labeled as "zh-Hans" (or
>    "zh-Hant" if that applies) for filtering, but for lookup, if there is
>    either "zh-Hans" content or "zh-Hant" content, then one of them (the
>    one considered 'default') should also be available under a simple
>    "zh".
> 
>    should be labeled -> preferabily is labeled
>    should also be available -> preferably also is made available

-1.  Clunky.  For the first, use "ought to be labeled"; for the second,
use "also ought to be available.

>    Lookup produces the single result that best matches the user's
>    preferences from the list of available tags, so it is useful in cases
>    in which a single item is required (and for which only a single item
>    can be returned).  For example, if a process were to insert a human
>    readable error message into a protocol header, it might select the
>    text based on the user's language priority list.  Since the process
>    can return only one item, it must choose a single item and it must
>    return some item, even if none of the content's language tags match
>    the language priority list supplied by the user.
> 
>    must -> has to (twice)

"Needs to" makes the process less human and is preferable.

-- 
You're a brave man! Go and break through the            John Cowan
lines, and remember while you're out there              cowan@ccil.org
risking life and limb through shot and shell,           http://ccil.org/~cowan
we'll be in here thinking what a sucker you are!
        --Rufus T. Firefly

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
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Martin Duerst scripsit:

> I propose to change this as follows:
> 
>    This document describes a syntax, called language-range, for 
>    indicating
>    language preferences, and different mechanisms for comparing and
>    matching language tags.  Two kinds of matching mechanisms, filtering
>    and lookup, are defined.  Filtering produces a potentially empty list
>    of language tags, whereas lookup produces a single language tag.
>    Possible applications include language negotiation or content 
>    selection.
>    This document, in combination with RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace "3066bis"
>    with the RFC number assigned to draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces
>    RFC 3066, which replaced RFC 1766.

+1

-- 
John Cowan    <cowan@ccil.org>     http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
But no living man am I!  You look upon a woman.  Eowyn I am, Eomund's daughter.
You stand between me and my lord and kin.  Begone, if you be not deathless.
For living or dark undead, I will smite you if you touch him.

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 09:10:10 2006
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Jukka K. Korpela scripsit:

> "Possible applications include content selection and language 
> negotiation."

+1

-- 
Schlingt dreifach einen Kreis vom dies!    John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Schliesst euer Aug vor heiliger Schau,     http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Denn er genoss vom Honig-Tau,
Und trank die Milch vom Paradies.            -- Coleridge (tr. Politzer)

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 09:10:52 2006
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: expanding codes
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Martin Duerst scripsit:

> One of the editing guidelines that I think we have adopted
> is that we always make clear what the codes in the examples
> mean. There are a few cases where we forgot:

+1 to all.

-- 
Híggledy-pìggledy / XML programmers            John Cowan
Try to escape those / I-eighteen-N woes;        http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Incontrovertibly / What we need more of is      cowan@ccil.org
Unicode weenies and / François Yergeaus.

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 09:21:07 2006
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Your interpretation of the text is wrong. Rule C says:

"Else, if the current subtag in the range's list matches the current subtag
in the language tag's list, move to the next subtag in both lists and
continue with the loop."

This means that ranges "en-US-x-private" and "en-x-private" both match the
tag "en-US-x-private", but prevents the range "en-US-private" from matching
"en-US-x-private" (private has a different semantic meaning there).

Addison

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature. 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
> Sent: 2006?5?16? 3:25
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: singletons don't match
> 
> This is the only last call comment that I have that is potentially
> substantive:
> 
> In section 3.3.2, Extended Filtering, point D says:
> 
>         D.  Else, if the language tag's subtag is a "singleton" (a single
>             letter or digit, which includes the private-use subtag 'x')
>             the match fails.
> 
> The way I understand this, this makes it impossible e.g. to
> match the language range "en-US-x-private" to the language tag
> "en-US-x-private".
> 
> In my recollection, this was different even just as late as the
> previous draft (-11).
> 
> My questions here:
> 
> Is my interpretation of the current text correct?
> 
> Is my recollection of the state in -11 and earlier correct?
> 
> If the answer to both questions above is yes, then do we really
> want things to work this way?
> 
> 
> Regards,    Martin.
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru



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To: "'John Cowan'" <cowan@ccil.org>, "'Martin Duerst'" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
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Martin wrote:


> Filtering produces a potentially empty list
>    of language tags

Do you really want to say this?  Surely if the list is empty there are no
tags!

Debbie

-----Original Message-----
From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org] 
Sent: 16 May 2006 14:09
To: Martin Duerst
Cc: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract

Martin Duerst scripsit:

> I propose to change this as follows:
> 
>    This document describes a syntax, called language-range, for 
>    indicating
>    language preferences, and different mechanisms for comparing and
>    matching language tags.  Two kinds of matching mechanisms, filtering
>    and lookup, are defined.  Filtering produces a potentially empty list
>    of language tags, whereas lookup produces a single language tag.
>    Possible applications include language negotiation or content 
>    selection.
>    This document, in combination with RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace "3066bis"
>    with the RFC number assigned to draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces
>    RFC 3066, which replaced RFC 1766.

+1

-- 
John Cowan    <cowan@ccil.org>     http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
But no living man am I!  You look upon a woman.  Eowyn I am, Eomund's
daughter.
You stand between me and my lord and kin.  Begone, if you be not deathless.
For living or dark undead, I will smite you if you touch him.

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 09:29:36 2006
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Debbie Garside scripsit:

> Martin wrote:
> 
> > Filtering produces a potentially empty list
> >    of language tags
> 
> Do you really want to say this?  Surely if the list is empty there are no
> tags!

Sure.  It's like "a potentially empty bucket of clams"; if the bucket
is empty (as when you've eaten every one) there are no clams.  Empty
lists are a very familiar concept to developers.

-- 
Andrew Watt on Microsoft:                       John Cowan
Never in the field of human computing           cowan@ccil.org
has so much been paid by so many                http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
to so few! (pace Winston Churchill)

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From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
To: "'John Cowan'" <cowan@ccil.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
Date: Tue, 16 May 2006 14:30:47 +0100
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But empty lists are not lists at all... :-) 

-----Original Message-----
From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org] 
Sent: 16 May 2006 14:30
To: Debbie Garside
Cc: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract

Debbie Garside scripsit:

> Martin wrote:
> 
> > Filtering produces a potentially empty list
> >    of language tags
> 
> Do you really want to say this?  Surely if the list is empty there are 
> no tags!

Sure.  It's like "a potentially empty bucket of clams"; if the bucket is
empty (as when you've eaten every one) there are no clams.  Empty lists are
a very familiar concept to developers.

-- 
Andrew Watt on Microsoft:                       John Cowan
Never in the field of human computing           cowan@ccil.org
has so much been paid by so many                http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
to so few! (pace Winston Churchill)


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 09:43:53 2006
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To: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Language improvement
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Martin Duerst scripsit:

As before, an omitted item means +1.  This completes my review^2,
since Addison already dealt with the substantive point.  It can be
hard to grasp what extended matching does: basically, it skips
over subtags that it can prove have no counterparts on the other
side of the match.  But it cannot skip a singleton, as what
appears to the right of a singleton doesn't obey the usual rules
for subtag lengths.

> Here is a sentence that I think is too complicated:
> 
>    This allows some flexibility in finding a match.  For example, lookup
>    provides better results for cases in which content is not available
>    that exactly matches the user request than if the default language
>    for the system or content were returned immediately.
> 
>    'that' and 'than' in the same sentence, and the length of the 
>    sentence,
>    make this difficult to read. I propose:
> 
>    This fallback behavior allows some flexibility in finding a match.
>    Without fallback, in the case that content that exactly matches is
>    not available, the default content would be returned immediately.
>    The fallback in lookup will make sure that a better result (i.e.
>    content more closely matching the user request) is made available
>    if it exists.

How about this:

        This fallback behavior allows some flexibility in finding
        a match.  Without fallback, the default content would be
        returned immediately if exactly matching content is unavailable.
        With fallback, a result more closely matching the user request
        can be provided.

> Just before 3.4:
> 
>                         This is the reason why a wildcard in the
>    extended language range is significant in the first position and
>    subsequently ignored.
> 
> I think this is easier to read if it says:
> 
>                         This is the reason why a wildcard in the
>    extended language range is significant in the first position, but
>    is subsequently ignored.

I propose "but is ignored in all other positions", to block the
interpretation that "subsequently" refers to time rather than space.

-- 
Unless it was by accident that I had            John Cowan
offended someone, I never apologized.           cowan@ccil.org
        --Quentin Crisp                         http://www.ccil.org/~cowan

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 10:15:02 2006
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I have read the current draft, and have not found any problems 
significant enough to justify further delay.

--
Doug Ewell
Fullerton, California, USA
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
Editor, draft-ietf-ltru-initial-06



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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
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	"'John Cowan'" <cowan@ccil.org>, "'Martin Duerst'" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
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> Do you really want to say this?  Surely if the list is empty there are no
> tags!

Yes, exactly so: Lists may be empty.

Technically, the word "set" would probably be more correct than the word
"list". List implies something about the ordering of the values, while set
contains no such implications. Some applications may choose to use a list,
but this isn't strictly a requirement of the filtering algorithms.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Debbie Garside [mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk]
> Sent: 2006?5?16? 6:24
> To: 'John Cowan'; 'Martin Duerst'
> Cc: 'LTRU Working Group'
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
> 
> Martin wrote:
> 
> 
> > Filtering produces a potentially empty list
> >    of language tags
> 
> Do you really want to say this?  Surely if the list is empty there are no
> tags!
> 
> Debbie
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org]
> Sent: 16 May 2006 14:09
> To: Martin Duerst
> Cc: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
> 
> Martin Duerst scripsit:
> 
> > I propose to change this as follows:
> >
> >    This document describes a syntax, called language-range, for
> >    indicating
> >    language preferences, and different mechanisms for comparing and
> >    matching language tags.  Two kinds of matching mechanisms, filtering
> >    and lookup, are defined.  Filtering produces a potentially empty list
> >    of language tags, whereas lookup produces a single language tag.
> >    Possible applications include language negotiation or content
> >    selection.
> >    This document, in combination with RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace
> "3066bis"
> >    with the RFC number assigned to draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14),
> replaces
> >    RFC 3066, which replaced RFC 1766.
> 
> +1
> 
> --
> John Cowan    <cowan@ccil.org>     http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
> But no living man am I!  You look upon a woman.  Eowyn I am, Eomund's
> daughter.
> You stand between me and my lord and kin.  Begone, if you be not
deathless.
> For living or dark undead, I will smite you if you touch him.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> Ltru@ietf.org
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
To: "'Martin Duerst'" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>,
	"'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: leftover
Date: Tue, 16 May 2006 10:18:02 -0700
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Done.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
> Sent: 2006?5?16? 1:01
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: leftover
> 
> This is a leftover from the previous last call: [co-chair hat off]
> 
> In http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ltru/current/msg04779.html,
> as point J, I wrote:
> 
> J) editorial, sentence structure/word usage
> 
>  >>>>>>>>
>    The first para of Section 4.3 says:
> 
> 
>      Private-use subtags require private agreement between the parties
>      that intend to use or exchange language tags that use them and great
>      caution SHOULD be used in employing them in content or protocols
>      intended for general use.  Private-use subtags are simply useless for
>      information exchange without prior arrangement.
> 
> 
>    The first sentence is difficult to understand. 'use' is used too much.
>    I suggest the following rewrite:
> 
> 
>      Private argeement is necessary between the parties that intend to use
>      or exchange language tags that contain private-use subtags.
>      Great caution SHOULD be used in employing private-use subtags in
>      content or protocols intended for general use.  Private-use subtags
>      are simply useless for information exchange without prior
arrangement.
>  >>>>>>>>
> 
> To this, Addison had a simple +1 at
> http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ltru/current/msg04784.html.
> 
> 
> But this paragraph currently reads:
> 
>     Private-use subtags require private agreement between the parties
>     that intend to use or exchange language tags that use them.  They
>     SHOULD NOT be used in content or protocols intended for general use.
>     Private-use subtags are simply useless for information exchange
>     without prior arrangement.
> 
> This change was due to a last call comment from Randy, but it leaves
> the problem in the first sentence that I pointed out originally.
> 
> Please fix.
> 
> Regards,    Martin.
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 16:08:03 2006
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
To: "'Martin Duerst'" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>,
	"'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: reduce 'could', 'would', 'might'
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As usual, Martin, thank you for an excellent close reading of the document.
Comments follow.

~Addison

> 
> This is something I have been working on continuously, with not
> too much success, but I'm trying it again: There are many
> instances where 'might', 'could', or 'would' is used, but isn't necessary.
> This is particularly frequent in examples. If something is declared
> as an example, there is no need to use conditional language,
> it's already prefectly clear that it's just an example.

I'm not entirely happy to implement lots of editorial changes that make no
difference. 

It seems that I use more of the "subjunctive mood" in my writing than most.
In some cases, you'll have to live with it :-).
> 
> 
> Please change as proposed below:
> 
>     Applications, protocols, or specifications, in addressing their
>     particular requirements, can offer pre-processing or configuration
>     options.  For example, an implementation could allow a user to
>     associate or map a particular language range to a different value.
> 
>     could -> can

I disagree. This is a speculative example.
> 
> 
>                               Or perhaps the user could associate the
>     range "zh-Hans" (Chinese as written in the Simplified script) with
>     the language tag "zh-CN" (Chinese as used in China, where the
>     Simplified script is predominant) because content is available with
>     that tag.
> 
>     could -> will (maybe also change 'the user' to 'a user')

Ditto.
> 
> 
>     For example, an implementation could return the matching tag that is
>     first in ASCII-order.  If the language range were "*-CH" and the set
>     of tags included "de-CH", "fr-CH", and "it-CH", then the tag "de-CH"
>     would be returned.  Another possibility would be for an
>     implementation to map the extended language ranges to basic ranges.
> 
>     could -> can, were -> is, included -> includes, would be -> is (two
> times)

I disagree. I don't want to make this example anything less that
suppositional.
> 
> 
>                                  When given as examples in this document,
>     language priority lists will be shown as a quoted sequence of ranges
>     separated by commas, like this: "en, fr, zh-Hant" (which would be
>     read as "English before French before Chinese as written in the
>     Traditional script").
> 
>     "would be read" -> "is read" (or "reads")

Done.
> 
> 
>                                       An example of this would be the use
>     of "q" values in the syntax of the "Accept-Language" header (defined
>     in [RFC2616], Section 14.4, and [RFC3282]).
> 
>     "would be" -> "is"

Done.
> 
> 
>     An extended language range is mapped to a basic language range as
>     follows: if the first subtag is a '*' then the entire range is
>     treated as "*", otherwise each wildcard subtag is removed.  For
>     example, if the language range were "en-*-US", then the range would
>     be mapped to "en-US".
> 
>     "were" -> "is", "would be" -> "is"
> 

'For example, the extended language range "en-*-US" maps to "en-US".'

Nice to see that John Cowan's edit matched mine.
> 
>     For example, if a particular user's language priority list were
>     "fr-FR, zh-Hant" and the program doing the matching had a default
>     language range of "ja-JP", the program would search as follows:
> 
>     "were" -> "is", "would search" -> "searches"

Done.
> 
> 
>     Users SHOULD avoid subtags that add no distinguishing value to a
>     language range.  When filtering, the fewer the number of subtags that
>     appear in the language range, the more content the range will
>     probably match, while in lookup unnecessary subtags might cause
>     "better", more-specific content to be skipped in favor of less
>     specific content.  For example, the range "de-Latn-DE" would return
>     content tagged "de" instead of content tagged "de-DE", even though
>     the latter is probably a better match.
> 
>     might -> can, would -> will

Done, with some minor differences.
> 
> 
>                       For example, if a process were to insert a human
>     readable error message into a protocol header, it might select the
>     text based on the user's language priority list.  Since the process
>     can return only one item, it must choose a single item and it must
>     return some item, even if none of the content's language tags match
>     the language priority list supplied by the user.
> 
>     were to insert -> inserts, might select -> can select

I don't think the changes would be correct.
> 
> 
>     The wildcard subtag '*' can occur in any position in the extended
>     language range, where it matches any sequence of subtags that might
>     occur in that position in a language tag.
> 
>     might occur -> occur

Ditto.
> 
> 
>     Filtering can be used to produce a set of results (such as a
>     collection of documents) by comparing the user's preferences to a set
>     of language tags.  For example, when performing a search, one might
>     use filtering to limit the results to items tagged as being in the
>     French language.  Filtering can also be used when deciding whether to
>     perform a language-sensitive process on some content.  For example, a
>     process might cause paragraphs whose language tag matched the
>     language range "nl" to be displayed in italics within a document.
> 
>     might -> can (two times), matched -> match

For the first might->can, I chose to rewrite instead (to be in keeping with
the form of the other sentences):

--
For example, when performing a search, filtering can be used to limit the
results to items tagged as being in the French language.
--

I really don't want to change the second "might".
> 
> 
>     Lookup produces the single result that best matches the user's
>     preferences from the list of available tags, so it is useful in cases
>     in which a single item is required (and for which only a single item
>     can be returned).  For example, if a process were to insert a human
>     readable error message into a protocol header, it might select the
>     text based on the user's language priority list.  Since the process
>     can return only one item, it must choose a single item and it must
>     return some item, even if none of the content's language tags match
>     the language priority list supplied by the user.
> 
>     were to insert -> inserts, might select -> selects

This is an excellent example of the subjunctive in action. Changing it as
you ask would make the example too definite.
> 
> 
>     o  For lookup, what the default item is (or the sequence of
>        operations or configuration information used to determine the
>        default) when no matching tag is found.  For instance, a protocol
>        might define the result as failure of the operation, an empty
>        value, returning some protocol defined or implementation defined
>        default, or returning i-default [RFC2277].
> 
>      might -> can

Nope. For the reason John Cowan gave ("for instance" signals that these are
examples from a larger list. I could say "can", but that is somehow too
definite....)
> 
> 
>     Some examples of applications where filtering might be appropriate
>     include:
> 
>     might -> can (or will?)

Not done. This is an incomplete list of appropriate applications. No reason
to make it more definite.
> 
> 
>     For example, if an application inserts some dynamic content into a
>     document, returning an empty string if there is no exact match is not
>     an option.  Instead, the application "falls back" until it finds a
>     matching language tag associated with a suitable piece of content to
>     insert.  Examples of lookup might include:
> 
>     might include -> include

I wrote:

--
Some applications of lookup include:
--
> 
> 
>     Extensions and unrecognized private-use subtags might be unrelated to
>     a particular application of lookup.  Since these subtags come at the
>     end of the subtag sequence, they are removed first during the
>     fallback process and usually pose no barrier to interoperability.
> 
>     might be -> can be

No, for the reason John Cowan gave: it changes the meaning.
> 
> 
>                                     Such modification is internal to the
>     implementation and applications, protocols, or specifications SHOULD
>     NOT remove or modify subtags in content that they return or forward,
>     because this removes information that might be used elsewhere.
> 
>     might be -> can be

Done.
> 
> 
>     In some cases, the language priority list might contain one or more
>     extended language ranges (as, for example, when the same language
>     priority list is used as input for both lookup and filtering
>     operations).
> 
>     might contain -> can contain

Done.
> 
> 
>     Each application, protocol, or specification MUST define the
>     defaulting behavior when no tag matches the language priority list.
>     What this action consists of strongly depends on how lookup is being
>     applied.  Some examples of defaulting behavior might include:
> 
>     might include -> include

Done.
> 
> 
>     The default value MAY be calculated and might include additional
>     searching or matching.  Applications, protocols, or specifications
>     can specify different ways in which users can specify or override the
>     defaults.
> 
>     might -> can

I rewrote this sentence slightly, making use of both the normative meaning
of "MAY" and the English meaning of "may":

--
The default value MAY be calculated or include additional searching or
matching.
--
> 
> 
>     Applications are encouraged to canonicalize language tags and ranges
>     by using the Preferred-Value from the IANA Language Subtag Registry
>     for tags or subtags which have been deprecated.  If the user is
>     working with content that might use the older form, the user might
>     want to include both the new and old forms in a language priority
>     list.  For example, the tag "art-lojban" is deprecated.  The subtag
>     'jbo' is supposed to be used instead, so the user might use it to
>     form the language range.  Or the user might include both in a
>     language priority list: "jbo, art-lojban".
> 
>     four 'might' in a single paragraph, please reduce

John Cowan spelled out the reasoning behind the conditional text here. It
all stems from the first 'might'...
> 
> 
>     Users SHOULD avoid subtags that add no distinguishing value to a
>     language range.  When filtering, the fewer the number of subtags that
>     appear in the language range, the more content the range will
>     probably match, while in lookup unnecessary subtags might cause
>     "better", more-specific content to be skipped in favor of less
>     specific content.
> 
>     might -> can

Done.
> 
> 
>     Whether a subtag adds distinguishing value can depend on the context
>     of the request.  For example, a user who reads both Simplified and
>     Traditional Chinese, but who prefers Simplified, might use the range
>     "zh" for filtering (matching all items that user can read) but "zh-
>     Hans" for lookup (making sure that user gets the preferred form if
>     it's available, but the fallback to "zh" will still work).  On the
>     other hand, content in this case should be labeled as "zh-Hans" (or
>     "zh-Hant" if that applies) for filtering, but for lookup, if there is
>     either "zh-Hans" content or "zh-Hant" content, then one of them (the
>     one considered 'default') should also be available under a simple
>     "zh".
> 
>     might use -> can use

No, this is supposition.

>     There is also a lower-case should, which we should remove.
>     Maybe write "preferably also is made available under a simple "zh"."
> 
> 
Actually, there are two lowercase 'shoulds'. I changed the sentence to:

--
On the other hand, content in this case ought to be
    labeled as "zh-Hans" (or "zh-Hant" if that applies) for filtering,
    while for lookup, if there is either "zh-Hans" content or "zh-Hant"
    content, one of them (the one considered 'default') also ought to be
made available with the simple "zh".
--



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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
To: "'Martin Duerst'" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>,
	"'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: expanding codes
Date: Tue, 16 May 2006 14:09:56 -0700
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Comments follow.

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
> Sent: 2006?5?16? 3:37
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: expanding codes
> 
> One of the editing guidelines that I think we have adopted
> is that we always make clear what the codes in the examples
> mean. There are a few cases where we forgot:
> 
> 
>                                                      For example, a
>     process might cause paragraphs whose language tag matched the
>     language range "nl" to be displayed in italics within a document.

Done.
> 
> 
>     Note that canonicalizing language ranges makes certain operations
>     impossible.  For example, an implementation that canonicalizes the
>     language range "art-lojban" to use the more modern "jbo" cannot be
>     used to select just the items with the older tag.

Done. It reads:

<t>Note that canonicalizing language ranges makes certain operations
impossible. For example, an implementation that canonicalizes the language
range "art-lojban" (artificial language, lojban variant) to use the more
modern "jbo" (Lojban) cannot be used to select just the items with the older
tag.</t>
> 
> 
>     An extended language range is mapped to a basic language range as
>     follows: if the first subtag is a '*' then the entire range is
>     treated as "*", otherwise each wildcard subtag is removed.  For
>     example, if the language range were "en-*-US", then the range would
>     be mapped to "en-US".

Done.
> 
> 
>     For example, if the language priority list consists of the
>     range "de-CH", one might see tags such as "de-CH-1996" but one will
>     never see a tag such as "de" (because the 'CH' subtag is missing).

Done:

--
For example, if the language priority list consists of the range "de-CH"
(German as used in Switzerland), one might see tags such as "de-CH-1996"
(German as used in Switzerland, orthography of 1996) but one will never see
a tag such as "de" (because the 'CH' subtag is missing).
--
> 
> 
>                                   For example, the language-range "de-de"
>     matches the language tag "de-DE-1996", but not the language tags "de-
>     Deva" or "de-Latn-DE".

Done.

--
For example, the language-range "de-de" (German as used in German) matches
the language
tag "de-DE-1996" (German as used in Germany, orthography of 1996), but not
the language tags "de-Deva" (German as written in the Devanagari script) or
"de-Latn-DE" (German, Latin script, as used in Germany).
--
> 
> 
> The following list (at least those that we didn't explain previously)
> 
>       de-DE
> 
>        de-Latn-DE
> 
>        de-Latf-DE
> 
>        de-de
> 
>        de-DE-x-goethe
> 
>        de-Latn-DE-1996
> 
>        de-Deva-DE
> 
<t>de-DE (German, as used in Germany)</t>
<t>de-de (German, as used in Germany)</t>
<t>de-Latn-DE (Latin script)</t>
<t>de-Latf-DE (Fraktur variant of Latin script)</t>
<t>de-DE-x-goethe (private use subtag)</t>
<t>de-Latn-DE-1996 (orthography of 1996)</t>
<t>de-Deva-DE (Devanagari script)</t> > 
> 
>                                                                 For
>     example, starting with the range "zh-Hant-CN-x-private1-private2",
>     the lookup progressively searches for content as shown below:

Done

--
For example, 
starting with the range "zh-Hant-CN-x-private1-private2" (Chinese,
Traditional script, China, two private use tags) the lookup progressively
searches for content as shown below:
--
> 
> 
>     For example, an implementation could return the matching tag that is
>     first in ASCII-order.  If the language range were "*-CH" and the set
>     of tags included "de-CH", "fr-CH", and "it-CH", then the tag "de-CH"
>     would be returned.  Another possibility would be for an
>     implementation to map the extended language ranges to basic ranges.

Done.
> 
> 
>     For example, if a particular user's language priority list were
>     "fr-FR, zh-Hant" and the program doing the matching had a default
>     language range of "ja-JP", the program would search as follows:

Done.
> 
> 
> [I have not mentioned all the repetitions of the same tag, because
> I don't think giving the same explanations every time is necessary.]
> 
> 
Good. The ones we have are ugly enough :-).



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To: "'Martin Duerst'" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>,
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Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: lower-case may/should/must
Date: Tue, 16 May 2006 14:33:18 -0700
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More comments...

Addison

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
> Sent: 2006?5?16? 3:07
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: lower-case may/should/must
> 
> These are the lower-case may/should/must in the main text that
> I found. There is no IETF rule that forbids these that I'm aware
> of, but as we tried hard to avoid them, we can as well do the
> full job. If not, we can as well change back many 'might's to
> simple 'may's.
> 
> 
>     A speaker of Breton in France, for example, may specify
>     "br" followed by "fr", meaning that if Breton is available, it is
>     preferred, but otherwise French is the best alternative.  It can get
>     more complex: a user may wish to fall back from Skolt Sami to
>     Northern Sami to Finnish.
> 
>     may specify -> can specify
>     may wish to -> wants to

I did this (which you'll hate for its "might"):

--
A speaker of Breton in France, for example, can specify "br" followed by
"fr", meaning that if Breton is available, it is preferred, but otherwise
French is the best alternative. It can get more complex: a different user
might want to fall back from Skolt Sami to Northern Sami to Finnish.
--
> 
> 
>     When working with language ranges and matching schemes, there are
>     some additional points that may influence the choice of either.
> 
>     may -> can

Done.
> 
> 
> 
>     Filtering seems to imply that there is a semantic relationship
>     between language tags that share the same prefix.  While this is
>     often the case, it is not always true: the language tags that match
>     a specific language range do not necessarily represent mutually
>     intelligible languages.

Done.
> 
> 
>     Whether a subtag adds distinguishing value can depend on the context
>     of the request.  For example, a user who reads both Simplified and
>     Traditional Chinese, but who prefers Simplified, might use the range
>     "zh" for filtering (matching all items that user can read) but "zh-
>     Hans" for lookup (making sure that user gets the preferred form if
>     it's available, but the fallback to "zh" will still work).  On the
>     other hand, content in this case should be labeled as "zh-Hans" (or
>     "zh-Hant" if that applies) for filtering, but for lookup, if there is
>     either "zh-Hans" content or "zh-Hant" content, then one of them (the
>     one considered 'default') should also be available under a simple
>     "zh".
> 
>     should be labeled -> preferabily is labeled
>     should also be available -> preferably also is made available

This was changed in response to the last message (and not according to this
precise suggestion).
> 
> 
>     Language tags permit only the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, and HYPHEN-
>     MINUS (%x2D).  Language ranges also use the character ASTERISK
>     (%x2A).  These characters are present in most character sets, so
>     presentation or exchange of language tags or ranges should not be
>     constrained by character set issues.
> 
>     should not be -> is not
> 

Uh... this text is exactly the same as that in 3066bis... and is almost an
exact quote from RFC 3066:

--
Language tags may always be presented using the characters A-Z, a-z,
   0-9 and HYPHEN-MINUS, which are present in most character sets, so
   presentation of language tags should not have any character set
   issues.
--

> 
> 
> 
>     Lookup produces the single result that best matches the user's
>     preferences from the list of available tags, so it is useful in cases
>     in which a single item is required (and for which only a single item
>     can be returned).  For example, if a process were to insert a human
>     readable error message into a protocol header, it might select the
>     text based on the user's language priority list.  Since the process
>     can return only one item, it must choose a single item and it must
>     return some item, even if none of the content's language tags match
>     the language priority list supplied by the user.
> 
>     must -> has to (twice)
> 
I implemented this slightly differently:

--
Since the process can return only one item, it is forced to choose a single
item and it has to return some item, even if none of the content's language
tags match the language priority list supplied by the user.
--
> 
> 
>     Very special thanks must go to Harald Tveit Alvestrand, who
>     originated RFCs 1766 and 3066, and without whom this document would
>     not have been possible.
> 
>     [I can live with that, since it's clearly outside the normative
>      part of the spec.]
> 
I could elide the "must", but I like the emphasis.



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 17:43:51 2006
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To: "'Martin Duerst'" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>,
	"'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
Date: Tue, 16 May 2006 14:42:19 -0700
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Okay, except that it neglects to mention the language priority list. I
borrowed and adapted, instead, text from the Introduction to make the
abstract read:

--
This document describes a syntax, called a "language-range", for specifying
items in a user's list of language preferences, called a "language priority
list". It also describes different mechanisms for comparing and
matching these to language tags.  Two kinds of matching mechanisms,
filtering and lookup, are defined.  Filtering produces a potentially empty
set of language tags, whereas lookup produces a single language tag.
Possible applications include language negotiation or content selection.
This document, in combination with RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace "3066bis" with
the RFC number assigned to draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces RFC 3066,
which replaced RFC 1766.
--

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
> Sent: 2006?5?16? 3:19
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
> 
> The abstract is one of the most important pieces of a document.
> Given this, I feel that ours could need some work. I have felt
> that way for a long time, but I thought I'd wait until the
> content doesn't change anymore. The abstract currently
> reads:
> 
>     This document describes different mechanisms for comparing and
>     matching language tags.  Possible algorithms for language negotiation
>     or content selection, filtering, and lookup are described.  This
>     document, in combination with RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace "3066bis"
>     with the RFC number assigned to draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14),
>     replaces RFC 3066, which replaced RFC 1766.
> 
> 
> Which effectively just is:
> 
>     This document describes different mechanisms for comparing and
>     matching language tags.  Possible algorithms for language negotiation
>     or content selection, filtering, and lookup are described.  This
>     document, in combination with RFC XXXX, replaces RFC 3066, which
>     replaced RFC 1766.
> 
> I propose to change this as follows:
> 
>     This document describes a syntax, called language-range, for
> indicating
>     language preferences, and different mechanisms for comparing and
>     matching language tags.  Two kinds of matching mechanisms, filtering
>     and lookup, are defined.  Filtering produces a potentially empty list
>     of language tags, whereas lookup produces a single language tag.
>     Possible applications include language negotiation or content
> selection.
>     This document, in combination with RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace "3066bis"
>     with the RFC number assigned to draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces
>     RFC 3066, which replaced RFC 1766.
> 
> 
> Regards,    Martin.
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru



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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
To: "'John Cowan'" <cowan@ccil.org>, "'Martin Duerst'" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Language improvement
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Comments follow.

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org]
> Sent: 2006?5?16? 6:44
> To: Martin Duerst
> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Language improvement
> 
> >
> >    This fallback behavior allows some flexibility in finding a match.
> >    Without fallback, in the case that content that exactly matches is
> >    not available, the default content would be returned immediately.
> >    The fallback in lookup will make sure that a better result (i.e.
> >    content more closely matching the user request) is made available
> >    if it exists.
> 
> How about this:
> 
>         This fallback behavior allows some flexibility in finding
>         a match.  Without fallback, the default content would be
>         returned immediately if exactly matching content is unavailable.
>         With fallback, a result more closely matching the user request
>         can be provided.


Good. Done.
> 
> > Just before 3.4:
> >
> >                         This is the reason why a wildcard in the
> >    extended language range is significant in the first position and
> >    subsequently ignored.
> >
> > I think this is easier to read if it says:
> >
> >                         This is the reason why a wildcard in the
> >    extended language range is significant in the first position, but
> >    is subsequently ignored.
> 
> I propose "but is ignored in all other positions", to block the
> interpretation that "subsequently" refers to time rather than space.

Done.


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	"'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Language improvement
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And lastly... comments follow...

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
> Sent: 2006?5?16? 3:37
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Language improvement
> 
> [This is somehow the 'misc' bucket of my comments.]
> 
> 
> Here is a sentence that I think is too complicated:

Dealt with in John Cowan's message.
> 
> 
> Here's some typo:
> 
>     since these ranges will won't match any valid language tags.
> 
>     will won't -> will not

Done.
> 
> 
> The first para in the introduction:
> 
>     Human beings on our planet have, past and present, used a number of
>     languages.  There are many reasons why one would want to identify the
>     language used when presenting or requesting information or in some
>     specific set of information items.
> 
> Every time I read this, I have problems parsing the second sentence.
> What about rewording as follows:
> 
>                 There are many reasons why one wants to identify the
>     language used when presenting or requesting information, or the
>     language used in some specific set of information items.

:: sigh :: RFC 3066bis has, in the same position:

--
There are many reasons why one would want to identify the language used when
presenting or requesting information.
--

The addition of "set" I guess has to do with the fact that matching schemes
produce sets of content and not necessarily just a single information item.
Nonetheless, the 3066bis formulation is every bit as effective and less
verbose. I restored it here.
> 
> 
> Just before 3.4:
> 
Also dealt with previously.



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Tue May 16 18:02:51 2006
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All,

I have implemented all of the changes mentioned in my previous =
dispatches today and posted the updated copies online here:

http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13.txt
http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13.html
http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13.xml

I did not generate a static diff, but one can be obtained from this =
link:

http://tinyurl.com/kc3f8

Martin, on your direction I will submit this draft, pace any changes to =
correct omissions or problems with my implementation of comments. I look =
forward to seeing this work in the tenacious teeth of the IESG.

Hopefully,

Addison

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature.=20



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Wed May 17 01:10:53 2006
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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
References: <E1Fg1y7-0005jM-4u@megatron.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
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Debbie Garside <debbie at ictmarketing dot co dot uk> wrote:

> But empty lists are not lists at all... :-)

To a programmer's mind, a list (ordered set) can be empty, just as an 
unordered set can be.

I agree that to a non-programmer's mind, this might seem absurd, and the 
draft is probably intended to be read by both species.  Would it be 
better to say "set" in this context?

--
Doug Ewell
Fullerton, California, USA
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Wed May 17 10:04:05 2006
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
To: "'Doug Ewell'" <dewell@adelphia.net>,
	"'Debbie Garside'" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
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I agree with Doug. I think the best way to address the problem is to =
change it from its current:

--
Filtering produces a potentially empty set of language tags...
--

To a "less negative":

--
Filtering produces a (potentially empty) set of language tags...
---

I'm going to make this change, run idnits and the other tools, and =
submit draft-13 this morning.

Best Regards,

Addison

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Doug Ewell [mailto:dewell@adelphia.net]
> Sent: 2006=E5=B9=B45=E6=9C=8817=E6=97=A5 6:47
> To: Debbie Garside; 'Addison Phillips'
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
>=20
> Hi Debbie,
>=20
> > I can see where you programmers are coming from but if you look at =
the
> > filtering description within the abstract as it stands:
> >
> >> Filtering produces a potentially empty list
> >>    of language tags
> >
> > It rather focuses on the negative.  Perhaps it would be better to =
say:
> >
> > "Filtering produces a set of language tags."
> >
> > In database query terms one would expect that if there is no match =
the
> > list would be empty.
>=20
> I agree about not wanting to focusing on the negative, but I also feel
> it needs to state somewhere that this set can have zero elements --
> especially for the non-programmers who might not think of this case.
>=20
> Addison, can you think of a way to spin this wording?
>=20
> --
> Doug Ewell
> Fullerton, California, USA
> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
>=20



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Wed May 17 10:17:58 2006
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
Date: Wed, 17 May 2006 07:17:47 -0700
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I think the parentheses shift the emphasis away from the negative 
adequately.  Hopefully this will suit Debbie's need also.

Is this going to be a final submission for IANA Last Call, or are we 
going to go through the same drill all over again?  (Issue draft, wait 
for LC to be called, let two weeks pass, flood of comments, repeat...)

--
Doug Ewell
Fullerton, California, USA
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/



----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
To: "'Doug Ewell'" <dewell@adelphia.net>; "'Debbie Garside'" 
<debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
Cc: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Wednesday, May 17, 2006 7:02
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract


I agree with Doug. I think the best way to address the problem is to 
change it from its current:

--
Filtering produces a potentially empty set of language tags...
--

To a "less negative":

--
Filtering produces a (potentially empty) set of language tags...
---

I'm going to make this change, run idnits and the other tools, and 
submit draft-13 this morning.

Best Regards,

Addison

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Doug Ewell [mailto:dewell@adelphia.net]
> Sent: 2006å¹´5æœˆ17æ—¥ 6:47
> To: Debbie Garside; 'Addison Phillips'
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
>
> Hi Debbie,
>
> > I can see where you programmers are coming from but if you look at 
> > the
> > filtering description within the abstract as it stands:
> >
> >> Filtering produces a potentially empty list
> >>    of language tags
> >
> > It rather focuses on the negative.  Perhaps it would be better to 
> > say:
> >
> > "Filtering produces a set of language tags."
> >
> > In database query terms one would expect that if there is no match 
> > the
> > list would be empty.
>
> I agree about not wanting to focusing on the negative, but I also feel
> it needs to state somewhere that this set can have zero elements --
> especially for the non-programmers who might not think of this case.
>
> Addison, can you think of a way to spin this wording?
>
> --
> Doug Ewell
> Fullerton, California, USA
> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
>





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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
To: "'Doug Ewell'" <dewell@adelphia.net>,
	"'Debbie Garside'" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
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Martin has indicated that this will be submitted to our AD, rather than =
going back to another WG last call.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature.=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Doug Ewell [mailto:dewell@adelphia.net]
> Sent: 2006=E5=B9=B45=E6=9C=8817=E6=97=A5 7:18
> To: Addison Phillips; 'Debbie Garside'
> Cc: 'LTRU Working Group'
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
>=20
> I think the parentheses shift the emphasis away from the negative
> adequately.  Hopefully this will suit Debbie's need also.
>=20
> Is this going to be a final submission for IANA Last Call, or are we
> going to go through the same drill all over again?  (Issue draft, wait
> for LC to be called, let two weeks pass, flood of comments, repeat...)
>=20
> --
> Doug Ewell
> Fullerton, California, USA
> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
>=20
>=20
>=20
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
> To: "'Doug Ewell'" <dewell@adelphia.net>; "'Debbie Garside'"
> <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
> Cc: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, May 17, 2006 7:02
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
>=20
>=20
> I agree with Doug. I think the best way to address the problem is to
> change it from its current:
>=20
> --
> Filtering produces a potentially empty set of language tags...
> --
>=20
> To a "less negative":
>=20
> --
> Filtering produces a (potentially empty) set of language tags...
> ---
>=20
> I'm going to make this change, run idnits and the other tools, and
> submit draft-13 this morning.
>=20
> Best Regards,
>=20
> Addison
>=20
> Addison Phillips
> Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.
>=20
> Internationalization is an architecture.
> It is not a feature.
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Doug Ewell [mailto:dewell@adelphia.net]
> > Sent: 2006=E5=B9=B45=E6=9C=8817=E6=97=A5 6:47
> > To: Debbie Garside; 'Addison Phillips'
> > Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
> >
> > Hi Debbie,
> >
> > > I can see where you programmers are coming from but if you look at
> > > the
> > > filtering description within the abstract as it stands:
> > >
> > >> Filtering produces a potentially empty list
> > >>    of language tags
> > >
> > > It rather focuses on the negative.  Perhaps it would be better to
> > > say:
> > >
> > > "Filtering produces a set of language tags."
> > >
> > > In database query terms one would expect that if there is no match
> > > the
> > > list would be empty.
> >
> > I agree about not wanting to focusing on the negative, but I also =
feel
> > it needs to state somewhere that this set can have zero elements --
> > especially for the non-programmers who might not think of this case.
> >
> > Addison, can you think of a way to spin this wording?
> >
> > --
> > Doug Ewell
> > Fullerton, California, USA
> > http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
> >
>=20
>=20
>=20



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From: "Doug Ewell" <dewell@adelphia.net>
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	"'Debbie Garside'" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
References: <000d01c679bd$5ea32d90$660a0a0a@ds.corp.yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
Date: Wed, 17 May 2006 07:47:20 -0700
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Outstanding.

--
Doug Ewell
Fullerton, California, USA
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
To: "'Doug Ewell'" <dewell@adelphia.net>; "'Debbie Garside'" 
<debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
Cc: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Wednesday, May 17, 2006 7:22
Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract


Martin has indicated that this will be submitted to our AD, rather than 
going back to another WG last call.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Doug Ewell [mailto:dewell@adelphia.net]
> Sent: 2006å¹´5æœˆ17æ—¥ 7:18
> To: Addison Phillips; 'Debbie Garside'
> Cc: 'LTRU Working Group'
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
>
> I think the parentheses shift the emphasis away from the negative
> adequately.  Hopefully this will suit Debbie's need also.
>
> Is this going to be a final submission for IANA Last Call, or are we
> going to go through the same drill all over again?  (Issue draft, wait
> for LC to be called, let two weeks pass, flood of comments, repeat...)
>
> --
> Doug Ewell
> Fullerton, California, USA
> http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
> To: "'Doug Ewell'" <dewell@adelphia.net>; "'Debbie Garside'"
> <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
> Cc: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, May 17, 2006 7:02
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
>
>
> I agree with Doug. I think the best way to address the problem is to
> change it from its current:
>
> --
> Filtering produces a potentially empty set of language tags...
> --
>
> To a "less negative":
>
> --
> Filtering produces a (potentially empty) set of language tags...
> ---
>
> I'm going to make this change, run idnits and the other tools, and
> submit draft-13 this morning.
>
> Best Regards,
>
> Addison
>
> Addison Phillips
> Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.
>
> Internationalization is an architecture.
> It is not a feature.
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Doug Ewell [mailto:dewell@adelphia.net]
> > Sent: 2006å¹´5æœˆ17æ—¥ 6:47
> > To: Debbie Garside; 'Addison Phillips'
> > Subject: Re: [Ltru] 2nd WG last call: Abstract
> >
> > Hi Debbie,
> >
> > > I can see where you programmers are coming from but if you look at
> > > the
> > > filtering description within the abstract as it stands:
> > >
> > >> Filtering produces a potentially empty list
> > >>    of language tags
> > >
> > > It rather focuses on the negative.  Perhaps it would be better to
> > > say:
> > >
> > > "Filtering produces a set of language tags."
> > >
> > > In database query terms one would expect that if there is no match
> > > the
> > > list would be empty.
> >
> > I agree about not wanting to focusing on the negative, but I also 
> > feel
> > it needs to state somewhere that this set can have zero elements --
> > especially for the non-programmers who might not think of this case.
> >
> > Addison, can you think of a way to spin this wording?
> >
> > --
> > Doug Ewell
> > Fullerton, California, USA
> > http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
> >
>
>
>





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Dear Editors,

Please find attached in text format draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13.

Best Regards,

Addison (for the editors) 

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature. 

------=_NextPart_000_0007_01C67A6B.F4B834C0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	name="draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13.txt"
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	filename="draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13.txt"

=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
Network Working Group                                   A. Phillips, Ed.=0A=
Internet-Draft                                               Yahoo! Inc.=0A=
Obsoletes: 3066 (if approved)                              M. Davis, Ed.=0A=
Expires: November 19, 2006                                        Google=0A=
                                                            May 18, 2006=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
                       Matching of Language Tags=0A=
                      draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13=0A=
=0A=
Status of this Memo=0A=
=0A=
   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any=0A=
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware=0A=
   have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes=0A=
   aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.=0A=
=0A=
   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering=0A=
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that=0A=
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-=0A=
   Drafts.=0A=
=0A=
   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months=0A=
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any=0A=
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference=0A=
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."=0A=
=0A=
   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at=0A=
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.=0A=
=0A=
   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at=0A=
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.=0A=
=0A=
   This Internet-Draft will expire on November 19, 2006.=0A=
=0A=
Copyright Notice=0A=
=0A=
   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).=0A=
=0A=
Abstract=0A=
=0A=
   This document describes a syntax, called a "language-range", for=0A=
   specifying items in a user's language preferences, called a "language=0A=
   priority list".  It also describes different mechanisms for comparing=0A=
   and matching these to language tags.  Two kinds of matching=0A=
   mechanisms, filtering and lookup, are defined.  Filtering produces a=0A=
   (potentially empty) set of language tags, whereas lookup produces a=0A=
   single language tag.  Possible applications include language=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
Phillips & Davis        Expires November 19, 2006               [Page 1]=0A=
=0C=0A=
Internet-Draft                ltru-matching                     May 2006=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
   negotiation or content selection.  This document, in combination with=0A=
   RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace "3066bis" with the RFC number assigned to=0A=
   draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces RFC 3066, which replaced RFC=0A=
   1766.=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
Table of Contents=0A=
=0A=
   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3=0A=
   2.  The Language Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4=0A=
     2.1.  Basic Language Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4=0A=
     2.2.  Extended Language Range  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5=0A=
     2.3.  The Language Priority List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5=0A=
   3.  Types of Matching  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7=0A=
     3.1.  Choosing a Matching Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7=0A=
     3.2.  Implementation Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8=0A=
     3.3.  Filtering  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9=0A=
       3.3.1.  Basic Filtering  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10=0A=
       3.3.2.  Extended Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11=0A=
     3.4.  Lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12=0A=
       3.4.1.  Default Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14=0A=
   4.  Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16=0A=
     4.1.  Choosing Language Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16=0A=
     4.2.  Meaning of Language Tags and Ranges  . . . . . . . . . . . 17=0A=
     4.3.  Considerations for Private Use Subtags . . . . . . . . . . 17=0A=
     4.4.  Length Considerations for Language Ranges  . . . . . . . . 18=0A=
   5.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19=0A=
   6.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20=0A=
   7.  Character Set Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21=0A=
   8.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22=0A=
     8.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22=0A=
     8.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22=0A=
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23=0A=
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24=0A=
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 25=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
Phillips & Davis        Expires November 19, 2006               [Page 2]=0A=
=0C=0A=
Internet-Draft                ltru-matching                     May 2006=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
1.  Introduction=0A=
=0A=
   Human beings on our planet have, past and present, used a number of=0A=
   languages.  There are many reasons why one would want to identify the=0A=
   language used when presenting or requesting information.=0A=
=0A=
   Applications, protocols, or specifications that use language=0A=
   identifiers, such as the language tags defined in [RFC3066bis],=0A=
   sometimes need to match language tags to a user's language=0A=
   preferences.=0A=
=0A=
   This document defines a syntax (called a language range (Section 2))=0A=
   for specifying items in the user's list of language preferences=0A=
   (called a language priority list (Section 2.3)), as well as several=0A=
   schemes for selecting or filtering sets of language tags by comparing=0A=
   the language tags to the user's preferences.  Applications,=0A=
   protocols, or specifications will have varying needs and requirements=0A=
   that affect the choice of a suitable matching scheme.=0A=
=0A=
   This document describes: how to indicate a user's preferences using=0A=
   language ranges; three schemes for matching these ranges to a set of=0A=
   language tags; and the various practical considerations that apply to=0A=
   implementing and using these schemes.=0A=
=0A=
   This document, in combination with [RFC3066bis] (Ed.: replace=0A=
   "3066bis" globally in this document with the RFC number assigned to=0A=
   draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces [RFC3066], which replaced=0A=
   [RFC1766].=0A=
=0A=
   The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",=0A=
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this=0A=
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
Phillips & Davis        Expires November 19, 2006               [Page 3]=0A=
=0C=0A=
Internet-Draft                ltru-matching                     May 2006=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
2.  The Language Range=0A=
=0A=
   Language tags [RFC3066bis] are used to help identify languages,=0A=
   whether spoken, written, signed, or otherwise signaled, for the=0A=
   purpose of communication.  Applications, protocols, or specifications=0A=
   that use language tags are often faced with the problem of=0A=
   identifying sets of content that share certain language attributes.=0A=
   For example, HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616] describes one such mechanism in its=0A=
   discussion of the Accept-Language header (Section 14.4), which is=0A=
   used when selecting content from servers based on the language of=0A=
   that content.=0A=
=0A=
   It is, thus, useful to have a mechanism for identifying sets of=0A=
   language tags that share specific attributes.  This allows users to=0A=
   select or filter the language tags based on specific requirements.=0A=
   Such an identifier is called a "language range".=0A=
=0A=
   There are different types of language range, whose specific=0A=
   attributes vary according to their application.  Language ranges are=0A=
   similar to language tags: they consist of a sequence of subtags=0A=
   separated by hyphens.  In a language range, each subtag MUST either=0A=
   be a sequence of ASCII alphanumeric characters or the single=0A=
   character '*' (%2A, ASTERISK).  The character '*' is a "wildcard"=0A=
   that matches any sequence of subtags.  The meaning and uses of=0A=
   wildcards vary according to the type of language range.=0A=
=0A=
   Language tags and thus language ranges are to be treated as case-=0A=
   insensitive: there exist conventions for the capitalization of some=0A=
   of the subtags, but these MUST NOT be taken to carry meaning.=0A=
   Matching of language tags to language ranges MUST be done in a case-=0A=
   insensitive manner.=0A=
=0A=
2.1.  Basic Language Range=0A=
=0A=
   A "basic language range" has the same syntax as an [RFC3066] language=0A=
   tag or is the single character "*".  The basic language range was=0A=
   originally described by HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616] and later [RFC3066].  It=0A=
   is defined by the following ABNF [RFC4234]:=0A=
=0A=
   language-range   =3D (1*8ALPHA *("-" 1*8alphanum)) / "*"=0A=
   alphanum         =3D ALPHA / DIGIT=0A=
=0A=
   A basic language range differs from the language tags defined in=0A=
   [RFC3066bis] only in that there is no requirement that they be "well-=0A=
   formed" or be validated against the IANA Language Subtag Registry.=0A=
   Such ill-formed ranges will probably not match anything.  Note that=0A=
   the ABNF [RFC4234] in [RFC2616] is incorrect, since it disallows the=0A=
   use of digits anywhere in the 'language-range' (see:=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
Phillips & Davis        Expires November 19, 2006               [Page 4]=0A=
=0C=0A=
Internet-Draft                ltru-matching                     May 2006=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
   [RFC2616errata]).=0A=
=0A=
2.2.  Extended Language Range=0A=
=0A=
   Occasionally users will wish to select a set of language tags based=0A=
   on the presence of specific subtags.  An "extended language range"=0A=
   describes a user's language preference as an ordered sequence of=0A=
   subtags.  For example, a user might wish to select all language tags=0A=
   that contain the region subtag 'CH' (Switzerland).  Extended language=0A=
   ranges are useful for specifying a particular sequence of subtags=0A=
   that appear in the set of matching tags without having to specify all=0A=
   of the intervening subtags.=0A=
=0A=
   An extended language range can be represented by the following ABNF:=0A=
=0A=
   extended-language-range =3D (1*8ALPHA / "*")=0A=
                             *("-" (1*8alphanum / "*"))=0A=
=0A=
   Figure 2: Extended Language Range=0A=
=0A=
   The wildcard subtag '*' can occur in any position in the extended=0A=
   language range, where it matches any sequence of subtags that might=0A=
   occur in that position in a language tag.  However, wildcards outside=0A=
   the first position are ignored by Extended Filtering (see Section=0A=
   3.2.2).  The use or absence of one or more wildcards cannot be taken=0A=
   to imply that a certain number of subtags will appear in the matching=0A=
   set of language tags.=0A=
=0A=
2.3.  The Language Priority List=0A=
=0A=
   A user's language preferences will often need to specify more than=0A=
   one language range and thus users often need to specify a prioritized=0A=
   list of language ranges in order to best reflect their language=0A=
   preferences.  This is especially true for speakers of minority=0A=
   languages.  A speaker of Breton in France, for example, can specify=0A=
   "br" followed by "fr", meaning that if Breton is available, it is=0A=
   preferred, but otherwise French is the best alternative.  It can get=0A=
   more complex: a different user might want to fall back from Skolt=0A=
   Sami to Northern Sami to Finnish.=0A=
=0A=
   A "language priority list" is a prioritized or weighted list of=0A=
   language ranges.  One well known example of such a list is the=0A=
   "Accept-Language" header defined in RFC 2616 [RFC2616] (see Section=0A=
   14.4) and RFC 3282 [RFC3282].=0A=
=0A=
   The various matching operations described in this document include=0A=
   considerations for using a language priority list.  This document=0A=
   does not define the syntax for a language priority list; defining=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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   such a syntax is the responsibility of the protocol, application, or=0A=
   specification that uses it.  When given as examples in this document,=0A=
   language priority lists will be shown as a quoted sequence of ranges=0A=
   separated by commas, like this: "en, fr, zh-Hant" (which is read=0A=
   "English before French before Chinese as written in the Traditional=0A=
   script").=0A=
=0A=
   A simple list of ranges is considered to be in descending order of=0A=
   priority.  Other language priority lists provide "quality weights"=0A=
   for the language ranges in order to specify the relative priority of=0A=
   the user's language preferences.  An example of this is the use of=0A=
   "q" values in the syntax of the "Accept-Language" header (defined in=0A=
   [RFC2616], Section 14.4, and [RFC3282]).=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
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=0A=
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=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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3.  Types of Matching=0A=
=0A=
   Matching language ranges to language tags can be done in many=0A=
   different ways.  This section describes three such matching schemes,=0A=
   as well as the considerations for choosing between them.  Protocols=0A=
   and specifications requiring conformance to this specification MUST=0A=
   clearly indicate the particular mechanism used in selecting or=0A=
   matching language tags.=0A=
=0A=
   There are two types of matching scheme in this document.  A matching=0A=
   scheme that produces zero or more matching language tags is called=0A=
   "filtering".  A matching scheme that produces exactly one match for a=0A=
   given request is called "lookup".=0A=
=0A=
3.1.  Choosing a Matching Scheme=0A=
=0A=
   Applications, protocols, and specifications are faced with the=0A=
   decision of what type of matching to use.  Sometimes, different=0A=
   styles of matching are suited to different kinds of processing within=0A=
   a particular application or protocol.=0A=
=0A=
   This document describes three matching schemes:=0A=
=0A=
   1.  Basic Filtering (Section 3.3.1) matches a language priority list=0A=
       consisting of basic language ranges (Section 2.1) to sets of=0A=
       language tags.=0A=
=0A=
   2.  Extended Filtering (Section 3.3.2) matches a language priority=0A=
       list consisting of extended language ranges (Section 2.2) to sets=0A=
       of language tags.=0A=
=0A=
   3.  Lookup (Section 3.4) matches a language priority list consisting=0A=
       of basic language ranges to sets of language tags to find the one=0A=
       _exact_ language tag that best matches the range.=0A=
=0A=
   Filtering can be used to produce a set of results (such as a=0A=
   collection of documents) by comparing the user's preferences to a set=0A=
   of language tags.  For example, when performing a search, filtering=0A=
   can be used to limit the results to items tagged as being in the=0A=
   French language.  Filtering can also be used when deciding whether to=0A=
   perform a language-sensitive process on some content.  For example, a=0A=
   process might cause paragraphs whose language tag matched the=0A=
   language range "nl" (Dutch) to be displayed in italics within a=0A=
   document.=0A=
=0A=
   Lookup produces the single result that best matches the user's=0A=
   preferences from the list of available tags, so it is useful in cases=0A=
   in which a single item is required (and for which only a single item=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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   can be returned).  For example, if a process were to insert a human=0A=
   readable error message into a protocol header, it might select the=0A=
   text based on the user's language priority list.  Since the process=0A=
   can return only one item, it is forced to choose a single item and it=0A=
   has to return some item, even if none of the content's language tags=0A=
   match the language priority list supplied by the user.=0A=
=0A=
3.2.  Implementation Considerations=0A=
=0A=
   Language tag matching is a tool, and does not by itself specify a=0A=
   complete procedure for the use of language tags.  Such procedures are=0A=
   intimately tied to the application protocol in which they occur.=0A=
   When specifying a protocol operation using matching, the protocol=0A=
   MUST specify:=0A=
=0A=
   o  Which type(s) of language tag matching it uses=0A=
=0A=
   o  Whether the operation returns a single result (lookup) or a=0A=
      possibly empty set of results (filtering)=0A=
=0A=
   o  For lookup, what the default item is (or the sequence of=0A=
      operations or configuration information used to determine the=0A=
      default) when no matching tag is found.  For instance, a protocol=0A=
      might define the result as failure of the operation, an empty=0A=
      value, returning some protocol defined or implementation defined=0A=
      default, or returning i-default [RFC2277].=0A=
=0A=
   Applications, protocols, and specifications are not required to=0A=
   validate or understand any of the semantics of the language tags or=0A=
   ranges or of the subtags in them, nor do they require access to the=0A=
   IANA Language Subtag Registry (see Section 3 in [RFC3066bis]).  This=0A=
   simplifies implementation.=0A=
=0A=
   However, designers of applications, protocols, or specifications are=0A=
   encouraged to use the information from the IANA Language Subtag=0A=
   Registry to support canonicalizing language tags and ranges in order=0A=
   to map grandfathered and obsolete tags or subtags into modern=0A=
   equivalents.=0A=
=0A=
   Applications, protocols, or specifications that canonicalize ranges=0A=
   MUST either perform matching operations with both the canonical and=0A=
   original (unmodified) form of the range or MUST also canonicalize=0A=
   each tag for the purposes of comparison.=0A=
=0A=
   Note that canonicalizing language ranges makes certain operations=0A=
   impossible.  For example, an implementation that canonicalizes the=0A=
   language range "art-lojban" (artificial language, lojban variant) to=0A=
   use the more modern "jbo" (Lojban) cannot be used to select just the=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
   items with the older tag.=0A=
=0A=
   Applications, protocols, or specifications that use basic ranges=0A=
   might sometimes receive extended language ranges instead.  An=0A=
   application, protocol, or specification MUST choose to: a) map=0A=
   extended language ranges to basic ranges using the algorithm below,=0A=
   b) reject any extended language ranges in the language priority list=0A=
   that are not valid basic language ranges, or c) treat each extended=0A=
   language range as if it were a basic language range, which will have=0A=
   the same result as ignoring them, since these ranges will not match=0A=
   any valid language tags.=0A=
=0A=
   An extended language range is mapped to a basic language range as=0A=
   follows: if the first subtag is a '*' then the entire range is=0A=
   treated as "*", otherwise each wildcard subtag is removed.  For=0A=
   example, the extended language range "en-*-US" maps to "en-US"=0A=
   (English, United States).=0A=
=0A=
   Applications, protocols, or specifications, in addressing their=0A=
   particular requirements, can offer pre-processing or configuration=0A=
   options.  For example, an implementation could allow a user to=0A=
   associate or map a particular language range to a different value.=0A=
   Such a user might wish to associate the language range subtags 'nn'=0A=
   (Nynorsk Norwegian) and 'nb' (Bokmal Norwegian) with the more general=0A=
   subtag 'no' (Norwegian).  Or perhaps a user would want to associate=0A=
   requests for the range "zh-Hans" (Chinese as written in the=0A=
   Simplified script) with content bearing the language tag "zh-CN"=0A=
   (Chinese as used in China, where the Simplified script is=0A=
   predominant).  Documentation on how the ranges or tags are altered,=0A=
   prioritized, or compared in the subsequent match in such an=0A=
   implementation will assist users in making these types of=0A=
   configuration choices.=0A=
=0A=
3.3.  Filtering=0A=
=0A=
   Filtering is used to select the set of language tags that matches a=0A=
   given language priority list.  It is called "filtering" because this=0A=
   set might contain no items at all or it might return an arbitrarily=0A=
   large number of matching items: as many items as match the language=0A=
   priority list, thus "filtering out" the non-matching items.=0A=
=0A=
   In filtering, each language range represents the _least_ specific=0A=
   language tag (that is, the language tag with fewest number of=0A=
   subtags) which is an acceptable match.  All of the language tags in=0A=
   the matching set of tags will have an equal or greater number of=0A=
   subtags than the language range.  Every non-wildcard subtag in the=0A=
   language range will appear in every one of the matching language=0A=
   tags.  For example, if the language priority list consists of the=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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   range "de-CH" (German as used in Switzerland), one might see tags=0A=
   such as "de-CH-1996" (German as used in Switzerland, orthography of=0A=
   1996) but one will never see a tag such as "de" (because the 'CH'=0A=
   subtag is missing).=0A=
=0A=
   If the language priority list (see Section 2.3) contains more than=0A=
   one range, the content returned is typically ordered in descending=0A=
   level of preference, but it MAY be unordered, according to the needs=0A=
   of the application or protocol.=0A=
=0A=
   Some examples of applications where filtering might be appropriate=0A=
   include:=0A=
=0A=
   o  Applying a style to sections of a document in a particular set of=0A=
      languages.=0A=
=0A=
   o  Displaying the set of documents containing a particular set of=0A=
      keywords written in a specific set of languages.=0A=
=0A=
   o  Selecting all email items written in a specific set of languages.=0A=
=0A=
   o  Selecting audio files spoken in a particular language.=0A=
=0A=
   Filtering seems to imply that there is a semantic relationship=0A=
   between language tags that share the same prefix.  While this is=0A=
   often the case, it is not always true: the language tags that match a=0A=
   specific language range do not necessarily represent mutually=0A=
   intelligible languages.=0A=
=0A=
3.3.1.  Basic Filtering=0A=
=0A=
   Basic filtering compares basic language ranges to language tags.=0A=
   Each basic language range in the language priority list is considered=0A=
   in turn, according to priority.  A language range matches a=0A=
   particular language tag if, in a case-insensitive comparison, it=0A=
   exactly equals the tag, or if it exactly equals a prefix of the tag=0A=
   such that the first character following the prefix is "-".  For=0A=
   example, the language-range "de-de" (German as used in German)=0A=
   matches the language tag "de-DE-1996" (German as used in Germany,=0A=
   orthography of 1996), but not the language tags "de-Deva" (German as=0A=
   written in the Devanagari script) or "de-Latn-DE" (German, Latin=0A=
   script, as used in Germany).=0A=
=0A=
   The special range "*" in a language priority list matches any tag.  A=0A=
   protocol which uses language ranges MAY specify additional rules=0A=
   about the semantics of "*"; for instance, HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616]=0A=
   specifies that the range "*" matches only languages not matched by=0A=
   any other range within an "Accept-Language" header.=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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   Basic filtering is identical to the type of matching described in=0A=
   [RFC3066], Section 2.5 (Language-range).=0A=
=0A=
3.3.2.  Extended Filtering=0A=
=0A=
   Extended filtering compares extended language ranges to language=0A=
   tags.  Each extended language range in the language priority list is=0A=
   considered in turn, according to priority.  A language range matches=0A=
   a particular language tag if their list of subtags match.  To=0A=
   determine a match:=0A=
=0A=
   1.  Split both the extended language range and the language tag being=0A=
       compared into a list of subtags by dividing on the hyphen (%2D)=0A=
       character.  Two subtags match if either they are the same when=0A=
       compared case-insensitively or the language range's subtag is the=0A=
       wildcard '*'.=0A=
=0A=
   2.  Begin with the first subtag in each list.  If the first subtag in=0A=
       the range does not match the first subtag in the tag, the overall=0A=
       match fails.  Otherwise, move to the next subtag in both the=0A=
       range and the tag.=0A=
=0A=
   3.  While there are more subtags left in the language range's list:=0A=
=0A=
       A.  If the subtag currently being examined in the range is the=0A=
           wildcard ('*'), move to the next subtag in the range and=0A=
           continue with the loop.=0A=
=0A=
       B.  Else, if there are no more subtags in the language tag's=0A=
           list, the match fails.=0A=
=0A=
       C.  Else, if the current subtag in the range's list matches the=0A=
           current subtag in the language tag's list, move to the next=0A=
           subtag in both lists and continue with the loop.=0A=
=0A=
       D.  Else, if the language tag's subtag is a "singleton" (a single=0A=
           letter or digit, which includes the private-use subtag 'x')=0A=
           the match fails.=0A=
=0A=
       E.  Else, move to the next subtag in the language tag's list and=0A=
           continue with the loop.=0A=
=0A=
   4.  When the language range's list has no more subtags, the match=0A=
       succeeds.=0A=
=0A=
   Subtags not specified, including those at the end of the language=0A=
   range, are thus treated as if assigned the wildcard value '*'.  Much=0A=
   like basic filtering, extended filtering selects content with=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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   arbitrarily long tags that share the same initial subtags as the=0A=
   language range.  In addition, extended filtering selects language=0A=
   tags that contain any intermediate subtags not specified in the=0A=
   language range.  For example, the extended language range "de-*-DE"=0A=
   (or its synonym "de-DE") matches all of the following tags:=0A=
=0A=
      de-DE (German, as used in Germany)=0A=
=0A=
      de-de (German, as used in Germany)=0A=
=0A=
      de-Latn-DE (Latin script)=0A=
=0A=
      de-Latf-DE (Fraktur variant of Latin script)=0A=
=0A=
      de-DE-x-goethe (private use subtag)=0A=
=0A=
      de-Latn-DE-1996 (orthography of 1996)=0A=
=0A=
      de-Deva-DE (Devanagari script)=0A=
=0A=
   The same range does not match any of the following tags for the=0A=
   reasons shown:=0A=
=0A=
      de (missing 'DE')=0A=
=0A=
      de-x-DE (singleton 'x' occurs before 'DE')=0A=
=0A=
      de-Deva ('Deva' not equal to 'DE')=0A=
=0A=
   Note: [RFC3066bis] defines each type of subtag (language, script,=0A=
   region, and so forth) according to position, size, and content.  This=0A=
   means that subtags in a language range can only match specific types=0A=
   of subtags in a language tag.  For example, a subtag such as 'Latn'=0A=
   is always a script subtag (unless it follows a singleton) while a=0A=
   subtag such as 'nedis' can only match the equivalent variant subtag.=0A=
   Two-letter subtags in initial position have a different type=0A=
   (language) than two-letter subtags in later positions (region).  This=0A=
   is the reason why a wildcard in the extended language range is=0A=
   significant in the first position but is ignored in all other=0A=
   positions.=0A=
=0A=
3.4.  Lookup=0A=
=0A=
   Lookup is used to select the single language tag that best matches=0A=
   the language priority list for a given request.  When performing=0A=
   lookup, each language range in the language priority list is=0A=
   considered in turn, according to priority.  By contrast with=0A=
   filtering, each language range represents the _most_ specific tag=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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   which is an acceptable match.  The first matching tag found,=0A=
   according to the user's priority, is considered the closest match and=0A=
   is the item returned.  For example, if the language range is "de-ch",=0A=
   a lookup operation can produce content with the tags "de" or "de-CH"=0A=
   but never content with the tag "de-CH-1996".  If no language tag=0A=
   matches the request, the "default" value is returned.=0A=
=0A=
   For example, if an application inserts some dynamic content into a=0A=
   document, returning an empty string if there is no exact match is not=0A=
   an option.  Instead, the application "falls back" until it finds a=0A=
   matching language tag associated with a suitable piece of content to=0A=
   insert.  Some applications of lookup include:=0A=
=0A=
   o  Selection of a template containing the text for an automated email=0A=
      response.=0A=
=0A=
   o  Selection of a item containing some text for inclusion in a=0A=
      particular Web page.=0A=
=0A=
   o  Selection of a string of text for inclusion in an error log.=0A=
=0A=
   o  Selection of an audio file to play as a prompt in a phone system.=0A=
=0A=
   In the lookup scheme, the language range is progressively truncated=0A=
   from the end until a matching language tag is located.  Single letter=0A=
   or digit subtags (including both the letter 'x' which introduces=0A=
   private-use sequences, and the subtags that introduce extensions) are=0A=
   removed at the same time as their closest trailing subtag.  For=0A=
   example, starting with the range "zh-Hant-CN-x-private1-private2"=0A=
   (Chinese, Traditional script, China, two private use tags) the lookup=0A=
   progressively searches for content as shown below:=0A=
=0A=
   Range to match: zh-Hant-CN-x-private1-private2=0A=
   1. zh-Hant-CN-x-private1-private2=0A=
   2. zh-Hant-CN-x-private1=0A=
   3. zh-Hant-CN=0A=
   4. zh-Hant=0A=
   5. zh=0A=
   6. (default)=0A=
=0A=
   Figure 3: Example of a Lookup Fallback Pattern=0A=
=0A=
   This fallback behavior allows some flexibility in finding a match.=0A=
   Without fallback, the default content would be returned immediately=0A=
   if exactly matching content is unavailable.  With fallback, a result=0A=
   more closely matching the user request can be provided.=0A=
=0A=
   Extensions and unrecognized private-use subtags might be unrelated to=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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   a particular application of lookup.  Since these subtags come at the=0A=
   end of the subtag sequence, they are removed first during the=0A=
   fallback process and usually pose no barrier to interoperability.=0A=
   However, an implementation MAY remove these from ranges prior to=0A=
   performing the lookup (provided the implementation also removes them=0A=
   from the tags being compared).  Such modification is internal to the=0A=
   implementation and applications, protocols, or specifications SHOULD=0A=
   NOT remove or modify subtags in content that they return or forward,=0A=
   because this removes information that can be used elsewhere.=0A=
=0A=
   The special language range "*" matches any language tag.  In the=0A=
   lookup scheme, this range does not convey enough information by=0A=
   itself to determine which language tag is most appropriate, since it=0A=
   matches everything.  If the language range "*" is followed by other=0A=
   language ranges, it is skipped.  If the language range "*" is the=0A=
   only one in the language priority list or if no other language range=0A=
   follows, the default value is computed and returned.=0A=
=0A=
   In some cases, the language priority list can contain one or more=0A=
   extended language ranges (as, for example, when the same language=0A=
   priority list is used as input for both lookup and filtering=0A=
   operations).  Wildcard values in an extended language range normally=0A=
   match any value that can occur in that position in a language tag.=0A=
   Since only one item can be returned for any given lookup request,=0A=
   wildcards in a language range have to be processed in a consistent=0A=
   manner or the same request will produce widely varying results.=0A=
   Applications, protocols, or specifications that accept extended=0A=
   language ranges MUST define which item is returned when more than one=0A=
   item matches the extended language range.=0A=
=0A=
   For example, an implementation could map the extended language ranges=0A=
   to basic ranges.  Another possibility would be for an implementation=0A=
   to return the matching tag that is first in ASCII-order.  If the=0A=
   language range were "*-CH" ('CH' represents Switzerland) and the set=0A=
   of tags included "de-CH" (German as used in Switzerland), "fr-CH"=0A=
   (French, Switzerland), and "it-CH" (Italian, Switzerland), then the=0A=
   tag "de-CH" would be returned.=0A=
=0A=
3.4.1.  Default Values=0A=
=0A=
   Each application, protocol, or specification that uses lookup MUST=0A=
   define the defaulting behavior when no tag matches the language=0A=
   priority list.  What this action consists of strongly depends on how=0A=
   lookup is being applied.  Some examples of defaulting behavior=0A=
   include:=0A=
=0A=
   o  return an item with no language tag or an item of a non-linguistic=0A=
      nature, such as an image or sound=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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   o  return a null string as the language tag value, in cases where the=0A=
      protocol permits the empty value (see, for example, "xml:lang" in=0A=
      [XML10])=0A=
=0A=
   o  return a particular language tag designated for the operation=0A=
=0A=
   o  return the language tag "i-default" (see: [RFC2277])=0A=
=0A=
   o  return an error condition or error message=0A=
=0A=
   o  return a list of available languages for the user to select from=0A=
=0A=
   When performing lookup using a language priority list, the=0A=
   progressive search MUST process each language range in the list=0A=
   before seeking or calculating the default.=0A=
=0A=
   The default value MAY be calculated or include additional searching=0A=
   or matching.  Applications, protocols, or specifications can specify=0A=
   different ways in which users can specify or override the defaults.=0A=
=0A=
   One common way to provide for a default is to allow a specific=0A=
   language range to be set as the default for a specific type of=0A=
   request.  If this approach is chosen, this language range MUST be=0A=
   treated as if it were appended to the end of the language priority=0A=
   list as a whole, rather than after each item in the language priority=0A=
   list.  The application, protocol, or specification MUST also define=0A=
   the defaulting behavior if that search fails to find a matching tag=0A=
   or item.=0A=
=0A=
   For example, if a particular user's language priority list is "fr-FR,=0A=
   zh-Hant" (French as used in France followed by Chinese as written in=0A=
   the Traditional script) and the program doing the matching had a=0A=
   default language range of "ja-JP" (Japanese as used in Japan), then=0A=
   the program searches as follows:=0A=
=0A=
   1. fr-FR=0A=
   2. fr=0A=
   3. zh-Hant // next language=0A=
   4. zh=0A=
   5. ja-JP   // now searching for the default content=0A=
   6. ja=0A=
   7. (implementation defined default)=0A=
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   Figure 4: Lookup Using a Language Priority List=0A=
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4.  Other Considerations=0A=
=0A=
   When working with language ranges and matching schemes, there are=0A=
   some additional points that can influence the choice of either.=0A=
=0A=
4.1.  Choosing Language Ranges=0A=
=0A=
   Users indicate their language preferences via the choice of a=0A=
   language range or the list of language ranges in a language priority=0A=
   list.  The type of matching affects what the best choice is for a=0A=
   user.=0A=
=0A=
   Most matching schemes make no attempt to process the semantic meaning=0A=
   of the subtags.  The language range is compared, in a case-=0A=
   insensitive manner, to each language tag being matched, using basic=0A=
   string processing.  Users SHOULD select language ranges that are=0A=
   well-formed, valid language tags according to [RFC3066bis]=0A=
   (substituting wildcards as appropriate in extended language ranges).=0A=
=0A=
   Applications are encouraged to canonicalize language tags and ranges=0A=
   by using the Preferred-Value from the IANA Language Subtag Registry=0A=
   for tags or subtags which have been deprecated.  If the user is=0A=
   working with content that might use the older form, the user might=0A=
   want to include both the new and old forms in a language priority=0A=
   list.  For example, the tag "art-lojban" is deprecated.  The subtag=0A=
   'jbo' is supposed to be used instead, so the user might use it to=0A=
   form the language range.  Or the user might include both in a=0A=
   language priority list: "jbo, art-lojban".=0A=
=0A=
   Users SHOULD avoid subtags that add no distinguishing value to a=0A=
   language range.  When filtering, the fewer the number of subtags that=0A=
   appear in the language range, the more content the range will=0A=
   probably match, while in lookup unnecessary subtags can cause=0A=
   "better", more-specific content to be skipped in favor of less=0A=
   specific content.  For example, the range "de-Latn-DE" returns=0A=
   content tagged "de" instead of content tagged "de-DE", even though=0A=
   the latter is probably a better match.=0A=
=0A=
   Whether a subtag adds distinguishing value can depend on the context=0A=
   of the request.  For example, a user who reads both Simplified and=0A=
   Traditional Chinese, but who prefers Simplified, might use the range=0A=
   "zh" for filtering (matching all items that user can read) but "zh-=0A=
   Hans" for lookup (making sure that user gets the preferred form if=0A=
   it's available, but the fallback to "zh" will still work).  On the=0A=
   other hand, content in this case ought to be labeled as "zh-Hans" (or=0A=
   "zh-Hant" if that applies) for filtering, while for lookup, if there=0A=
   is either "zh-Hans" content or "zh-Hant" content, one of them (the=0A=
   one considered 'default') also ought to be made available with the=0A=
=0A=
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   simple "zh".  Note that the user can create a language priority list=0A=
   "zh-Hans, zh" that delivers the best possible results for both=0A=
   schemes.  If the user cannot be sure which scheme is being used (or=0A=
   if more than one might be applied to a given request), the user=0A=
   SHOULD specify the most specific (largest number of subtags) range=0A=
   first and then supply shorter prefixes later in the list to ensure=0A=
   that filtering returns a complete set of tags.=0A=
=0A=
   Many languages are written predominantly in a single script.  This is=0A=
   usually recorded in the Suppress-Script field in that language=0A=
   subtag's registry entry.  For these languages, script subtags SHOULD=0A=
   NOT be used to form a language range.  Thus the language range "en-=0A=
   Latn" is inappropriate in most cases (because the vast majority of=0A=
   English documents are written in the Latin script and thus the 'en'=0A=
   language subtag has a Suppress-Script field for 'Latn' in the=0A=
   registry).=0A=
=0A=
   When working with tags and ranges, note that extensions and most=0A=
   private-use subtags are orthogonal to language tag matching, in that=0A=
   they specify additional attributes of the text not related to the=0A=
   goals of most matching schemes.  Users SHOULD avoid using these=0A=
   subtags in language ranges, since they interfere with the selection=0A=
   of available content.  When used in language tags (as opposed to=0A=
   ranges), these subtags normally do not interfere with filtering=0A=
   (Section 3), since they appear at the end of the tag and will match=0A=
   all prefixes.  Lookup (Section 3.4) implementations are advised to=0A=
   ignore unrecognized private-use and extension subtags when performing=0A=
   language tag fallback.=0A=
=0A=
4.2.  Meaning of Language Tags and Ranges=0A=
=0A=
   Selecting language tags using language ranges requires some=0A=
   understanding by users of what they are selecting.  The meaning of=0A=
   the various subtags in a language range are identical to their=0A=
   meaning in a language tag (see Section 4.2 in [RFC3066bis]), with the=0A=
   addition that the wildcard "*" represents any matching sequence of=0A=
   values.=0A=
=0A=
4.3.  Considerations for Private Use Subtags=0A=
=0A=
   Private argeement is necessary between the parties that intend to use=0A=
   or exchange language tags that contain private-use subtags.  Great=0A=
   caution SHOULD be used in employing private-use subtags in content or=0A=
   protocols intended for general use.  Private-use subtags are simply=0A=
   useless for information exchange without prior arrangement.=0A=
=0A=
   The value and semantic meaning of private-use tags and of the subtags=0A=
   used within such a language tag are not defined.  Matching private-=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
   use tags using language ranges or extended language ranges can result=0A=
   in unpredictable content being returned.=0A=
=0A=
4.4.  Length Considerations for Language Ranges=0A=
=0A=
   Language ranges are very similar to language tags in terms of content=0A=
   and usage.  The same types of restrictions on length that can be=0A=
   applied to language tags can also be applied to language ranges.  See=0A=
   [RFC3066bis] Section 4.3 (Length Considerations).=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
5.  IANA Considerations=0A=
=0A=
   This document presents no new or existing considerations for IANA.=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
6.  Security Considerations=0A=
=0A=
   Language ranges used in content negotiation might be used to infer=0A=
   the nationality of the sender, and thus identify potential targets=0A=
   for surveillance.  In addition, unique or highly unusual language=0A=
   ranges or combinations of language ranges might be used to track a=0A=
   specific individual's activities.=0A=
=0A=
   This is a special case of the general problem that anything you send=0A=
   is visible to the receiving party.  It is useful to be aware that=0A=
   such concerns can exist in some cases.=0A=
=0A=
   The evaluation of the exact magnitude of the threat, and any possible=0A=
   countermeasures, is left to each application or protocol.=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
7.  Character Set Considerations=0A=
=0A=
   Language tags permit only the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, and HYPHEN-=0A=
   MINUS (%x2D).  Language ranges also use the character ASTERISK=0A=
   (%x2A).  These characters are present in most character sets, so=0A=
   presentation or exchange of language tags or ranges should not be=0A=
   constrained by character set issues.=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
8.  References=0A=
=0A=
8.1.  Normative References=0A=
=0A=
   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate=0A=
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.=0A=
=0A=
   [RFC2277]  Alvestrand, H., "IETF Policy on Character Sets and=0A=
              Languages", BCP 18, RFC 2277, January 1998.=0A=
=0A=
   [RFC3066bis]=0A=
              Phillips, A., Ed. and M. Davis, Ed., "Tags for the=0A=
              Identification of Languages", October 2005, <http://=0A=
              www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/=0A=
              draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14.txt>.=0A=
=0A=
   [RFC4234]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax=0A=
              Specifications: ABNF", RFC 4234, October 2005.=0A=
=0A=
8.2.  Informative References=0A=
=0A=
   [RFC1766]  Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of=0A=
              Languages", RFC 1766, March 1995.=0A=
=0A=
   [RFC2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,=0A=
              Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext=0A=
              Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.=0A=
=0A=
   [RFC2616errata]=0A=
              IETF, "HTTP/1.1 Specification Errata", October 2004,=0A=
              <http://purl.org/NET/http-errata>.=0A=
=0A=
   [RFC3066]  Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of=0A=
              Languages", BCP 47, RFC 3066, January 2001.=0A=
=0A=
   [RFC3282]  Alvestrand, H., "Content Language Headers", RFC 3282,=0A=
              May 2002.=0A=
=0A=
   [XML10]    Bray (et al), T., "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0",=0A=
              February 2004.=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
=0A=
Appendix A.  Acknowledgements=0A=
=0A=
   Any list of contributors is bound to be incomplete; please regard the=0A=
   following as only a selection from the group of people who have=0A=
   contributed to make this document what it is today.=0A=
=0A=
   The contributors to [RFC3066bis], [RFC3066] and [RFC1766], each of=0A=
   which is a precursor to this document, made enormous contributions=0A=
   directly or indirectly to this document and are generally responsible=0A=
   for the success of language tags.=0A=
=0A=
   The following people (in alphabetical order by family name)=0A=
   contributed to this document:=0A=
=0A=
   Harald Alvestrand, Stephane Bortzmeyer, Jeremy Carroll, Peter=0A=
   Constable, John Cowan, Mark Crispin, Martin Duerst, Frank Ellermann,=0A=
   Doug Ewell, Debbie Garside, Marion Gunn, Jon Hanna, Kent Karlsson,=0A=
   Erkki Kolehmainen, Jukka Korpela, Ira McDonald, M. Patton, Randy=0A=
   Presuhn, Eric van der Poel, Markus Scherer, Misha Wolf, and many,=0A=
   many others.=0A=
=0A=
   Very special thanks must go to Harald Tveit Alvestrand, who=0A=
   originated RFCs 1766 and 3066, and without whom this document would=0A=
   not have been possible.=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
Authors' Addresses=0A=
=0A=
   Addison Phillips (editor)=0A=
   Yahoo! Inc.=0A=
=0A=
   Email: addison@inter-locale.com=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
   Mark Davis (editor)=0A=
   Google=0A=
=0A=
   Email: mark.davis@macchiato.com=0A=
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=0A=
Intellectual Property Statement=0A=
=0A=
   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any=0A=
   Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to=0A=
   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in=0A=
   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights=0A=
   might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has=0A=
   made any independent effort to identify any such rights.  Information=0A=
   on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be=0A=
   found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.=0A=
=0A=
   Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any=0A=
   assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an=0A=
   attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of=0A=
   such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this=0A=
   specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at=0A=
   http://www.ietf.org/ipr.=0A=
=0A=
   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any=0A=
   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary=0A=
   rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement=0A=
   this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF at=0A=
   ietf-ipr@ietf.org.=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
Disclaimer of Validity=0A=
=0A=
   This document and the information contained herein are provided on an=0A=
   "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS=0A=
   OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET=0A=
   ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,=0A=
   INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE=0A=
   INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED=0A=
   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
Copyright Statement=0A=
=0A=
   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).  This document is subject=0A=
   to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and=0A=
   except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
Acknowledgment=0A=
=0A=
   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the=0A=
   Internet Society.=0A=
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[co-chair hat on]

At 23:22 06/05/17, Addison Phillips wrote:
 >Martin has indicated that this will be submitted to our AD, rather than
 >going back to another WG last call.

Yes indeed.


 >> From: Doug Ewell [mailto:dewell@adelphia.net]


 >> Is this going to be a final submission for IANA Last Call, or are we
 >> going to go through the same drill all over again?  (Issue draft, wait
 >> for LC to be called, let two weeks pass, flood of comments, repeat...)

The first WG Last Call brought up quite a few substantive issues, and
resulted in significant changes in the document. It was therefore
necessary to make another WG Last Call. The second WG Last only brought
up editorial issues, which means we can move forward with the document.

This is my assessment as the 'managing' co-chair for the matching
document. If anybody disagrees, they should say so soon, and why.

Here are the next steps:

- Editors, please officially submit another draft version of the
   matching document. With this, everybody can use an official version
   to cross-check that their Last Call comments have been addressed.
   Also, I will use this version to prepare the necessary documents
   for submission to the Area Director in charge and to the IESG.

- I plan to do my side of the work over the weekend, but we probably
   have to give everybody a couple days after the draft officially
   appeared for cross-checking.

- If there are any further problems found, the editors will have to
   roll further drafts. But if not, this will be the draft that goes
   to the IESG.  "Further problems" at this stage can be mainly two
   things: 1) If find something that doesn't conform to one of the various
   checklists that the IETF has for this stage (I don't expect anything
   serious, because our editors have been aware of this all the time.)
   2) Somebody finds that the editors didn't understand, or made a
   mistake when implementing, their (2nd!) Last Call comments.
   Any other comments or changes are in principle out of range at this
   stage, although we will still fix obvious typos and we in principle
   would still be open (as we are at any stage) to going back to fix
   serious substantial errors if there were any.

Regards,    Martin. 


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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Thu May 18 17:57:16 2006
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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
To: "'Martin Duerst'" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>,
	"'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>,
	"'Mark Davis'" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
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Thank you, Martin.

> - Editors, please officially submit another draft version of the
>    matching document. With this, everybody can use an official version
>    to cross-check that their Last Call comments have been addressed.
>    Also, I will use this version to prepare the necessary documents
>    for submission to the Area Director in charge and to the IESG.

Draft-13 was submitted this morning (Pacific Time) and, with any luck, will
be published shortly. Unofficial copies (which are identical to the
submitted document) are posted on my personal website:

http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13.txt
http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13.html
http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13.xml

I did not generate a static diff. There is a TinyURL link on my home page
that causes rfcdiff to generate one for you, should you desire it.

Note that I ran idnits. The only warning was that we were missing the RFC
2119 text (we aren't: xml2rfc generates the text with a pair of very small
differences that confuse the tool---the word "keywords" is used instead of
"key words" and the reference to RFC 2119 is in square brackets in our
version (since it is a reference)).

I hope you don't find anything in your review, but am prepared to make any
last second changes that result from it or from the reviews of others.

For the editors,

Addison

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
> Sent: 2006?5?18? 14:38
> To: 'LTRU Working Group'; Addison Phillips; Mark Davis
> Subject: Next Steps
> 
> [co-chair hat on]
> 
> At 23:22 06/05/17, Addison Phillips wrote:
>  >Martin has indicated that this will be submitted to our AD, rather than
>  >going back to another WG last call.
> 
> Yes indeed.
> 
> 
>  >> From: Doug Ewell [mailto:dewell@adelphia.net]
> 
> 
>  >> Is this going to be a final submission for IANA Last Call, or are we
>  >> going to go through the same drill all over again?  (Issue draft, wait
>  >> for LC to be called, let two weeks pass, flood of comments, repeat...)
> 
> The first WG Last Call brought up quite a few substantive issues, and
> resulted in significant changes in the document. It was therefore
> necessary to make another WG Last Call. The second WG Last only brought
> up editorial issues, which means we can move forward with the document.
> 
> This is my assessment as the 'managing' co-chair for the matching
> document. If anybody disagrees, they should say so soon, and why.
> 
> Here are the next steps:
> 
> - Editors, please officially submit another draft version of the
>    matching document. With this, everybody can use an official version
>    to cross-check that their Last Call comments have been addressed.
>    Also, I will use this version to prepare the necessary documents
>    for submission to the Area Director in charge and to the IESG.
> 
> - I plan to do my side of the work over the weekend, but we probably
>    have to give everybody a couple days after the draft officially
>    appeared for cross-checking.
> 
> - If there are any further problems found, the editors will have to
>    roll further drafts. But if not, this will be the draft that goes
>    to the IESG.  "Further problems" at this stage can be mainly two
>    things: 1) If find something that doesn't conform to one of the various
>    checklists that the IETF has for this stage (I don't expect anything
>    serious, because our editors have been aware of this all the time.)
>    2) Somebody finds that the editors didn't understand, or made a
>    mistake when implementing, their (2nd!) Last Call comments.
>    Any other comments or changes are in principle out of range at this
>    stage, although we will still fix obvious typos and we in principle
>    would still be open (as we are at any stage) to going back to fix
>    serious substantial errors if there were any.
> 
> Regards,    Martin.



_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru



From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Fri May 19 03:13:58 2006
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Hi -

Forwarded for your information.

Note well that currently there are no plans for either
disman or ltru to meet in Montreal.  If you think a face-to-face
meeting is warranted for either group, please post your agenda
proposals to the appropriate working group's mailing list.

Randy
 
> From: <ietf-secretariat@ietf.org>
> To: <ietf-announce@ietf.org>
> Sent: Thursday, May 18, 2006 9:00 PM
> Subject: Internet-Drafts Submission Cutoff Dates for the 66th IETF Meeting in Montreal, Quebec, Canada 
> 
> There are two (2) Internet-Draft cutoff dates for the 66th 
> IETF Meeting in Montreal, Quebec, Canada:
> 
> June 19th: Cutoff Date for Initial (i.e., version -00) 
> Internet-Draft Submissions 
> 
> All initial Internet-Drafts (version -00) must be submitted by Monday, 
> June 19th at 9:00 AM ET. As always, all initial submissions with a 
> filename beginning with "draft-ietf" must be approved by the 
> appropriate WG Chair before they can be processed or announced.  The 
> Secretariat would appreciate receiving WG Chair approval by Monday, 
> June 12th at 9:00 AM ET.
> 
> June 26th: Cutoff Date for Revised (i.e., version -01 and higher) 
> Internet-Draft Submissions 
> 
> All revised Internet-Drafts (version -01 and higher) must be submitted 
> by Monday, June 26th at 9:00 AM ET.
> 
> Initial and revised Internet-Drafts received after their respective 
> cutoff dates will not be made available in the Internet-Drafts 
> directory or announced until on or after Monday, July 10th at 9:00 
> AM ET, when Internet-Draft posting resumes.  Please do not wait until 
> the last minute to submit.
> 
> Thank you for your understanding and cooperation. If you have any 
> questions or concerns, then please send a message to 
> internet-drafts@ietf.org.
> 
> The IETF Secretariat
> 
> FYI: The Internet-Draft cutoff dates as well as other significant dates
> for the 66th IETF Meeting can be found at http://www.ietf.org/meetings/cutoff_dates_66.html.
> 
> _______________________________________________
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Language Tag Registry Update Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Matching of Language Tags
	Author(s)	: A. Phillips, M. Davis
	Filename	: draft-ietf-ltru-matching-13.txt
	Pages		: 25
	Date		: 2006-5-19
	
This document describes a syntax, called a "language-range", for
specifying items in a user's language preferences, called a "language
priority list".  It also describes different mechanisms for comparing
and matching these to language tags.  Two kinds of matching
mechanisms, filtering and lookup, are defined.  Filtering produces a
(potentially empty) set of language tags, whereas lookup produces a
single language tag.  Possible applications include language
negotiation or content selection.  This document, in combination with
RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace "3066bis" with the RFC number assigned to
draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces RFC 3066, which replaced RFC
1766.

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Martin Duerst <duerst at it dot aoyama dot ac dot jp> wrote:

>>> Is this going to be a final submission for IANA Last Call, or are we
>>> going to go through the same drill all over again?  (Issue draft,
>>> wait for LC to be called, let two weeks pass, flood of comments,
>>> repeat...)
>
> The first WG Last Call brought up quite a few substantive issues, and
> resulted in significant changes in the document. It was therefore
> necessary to make another WG Last Call. The second WG Last only
> brought up editorial issues, which means we can move forward with the
> document.

I agree with this assessment.

I still think it was unfortunate that a large number of the substantive 
issues with draft-matching-11 were raised on the final day of that 
document's Last Call (March 30); that the Last Call for draft-12 was 
delayed until almost four weeks after Addison submitted the draft (I 
know Martin said there were "personal reasons" for this); and that the 
vast majority of editorial comments on draft-12 were not raised until 
May 16, again the final day of Last Call.

I understand the concept of deadlines being missed and pushed back when 
additional work is identified, but I really don't understand much of the 
recent "dead time" delay in moving this document forward.

Draft-13 has been posted and announced, and I hope it can be submitted 
to IETF no later than Wednesday (allowing time for Martin's weekend work 
and the "couple days" he wants to give everyone else for 
cross-checking).

Sorry to seem confrontational, but I'm very tired of the current "it is 
but it isn't" limbo of RFC 3066bis and BCP 47, and I'm sure others are 
too.

--
Doug Ewell
Fullerton, California, USA
http://users.adelphia.net/~dewell/
Editor, draft-ietf-ltru-initial



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From: "Addison Phillips" <addison@yahoo-inc.com>
To: <internet-drafts@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 30 May 2006 14:43:02 +0200
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Cc: 'LTRU Working Group' <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: [Ltru] Submission: draft-ietf-ltru-matching-14
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Dear Editors,

Please find attached draft-14 of "draft-ietf-ltru-matching" in text =
format. Idnits was run.

LTRU members: this draft was requested by the chair as the final step =
for submission for last call (at the IETF level). As soon as I get the =
chance I will post a link to the diff (very minor editorial =
corrections).

Addison

Addison Phillips
Internationalization Architect - Yahoo! Inc.

Internationalization is an architecture.
It is not a feature.=20

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Network Working Group                                   A. Phillips, Ed.=0A=
Internet-Draft                                               Yahoo! Inc.=0A=
Obsoletes: 3066 (if approved)                              M. Davis, Ed.=0A=
Expires: November 30, 2006                                        Google=0A=
                                                            May 29, 2006=0A=
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                       Matching of Language Tags=0A=
                      draft-ietf-ltru-matching-14=0A=
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Status of this Memo=0A=
=0A=
   By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any=0A=
   applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware=0A=
   have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes=0A=
   aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.=0A=
=0A=
   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering=0A=
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that=0A=
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-=0A=
   Drafts.=0A=
=0A=
   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months=0A=
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any=0A=
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference=0A=
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."=0A=
=0A=
   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at=0A=
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.=0A=
=0A=
   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at=0A=
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.=0A=
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on November 30, 2006.=0A=
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Copyright Notice=0A=
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   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).=0A=
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Abstract=0A=
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   This document describes a syntax, called a "language-range", for=0A=
   specifying items in a user's language preferences, called a "language=0A=
   priority list".  It also describes different mechanisms for comparing=0A=
   and matching these to language tags.  Two kinds of matching=0A=
   mechanisms, filtering and lookup, are defined.  Filtering produces a=0A=
   (potentially empty) set of language tags, whereas lookup produces a=0A=
   single language tag.  Possible applications include language=0A=
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   negotiation or content selection.  This document, in combination with=0A=
   RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace "3066bis" with the RFC number assigned to=0A=
   draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces RFC 3066, which replaced RFC=0A=
   1766.=0A=
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Table of Contents=0A=
=0A=
   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3=0A=
   2.  The Language Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4=0A=
     2.1.  Basic Language Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4=0A=
     2.2.  Extended Language Range  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5=0A=
     2.3.  The Language Priority List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5=0A=
   3.  Types of Matching  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7=0A=
     3.1.  Choosing a Matching Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7=0A=
     3.2.  Implementation Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8=0A=
     3.3.  Filtering  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9=0A=
       3.3.1.  Basic Filtering  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10=0A=
       3.3.2.  Extended Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11=0A=
     3.4.  Lookup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12=0A=
       3.4.1.  Default Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14=0A=
   4.  Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16=0A=
     4.1.  Choosing Language Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16=0A=
     4.2.  Meaning of Language Tags and Ranges  . . . . . . . . . . . 17=0A=
     4.3.  Considerations for Private Use Subtags . . . . . . . . . . 17=0A=
     4.4.  Length Considerations for Language Ranges  . . . . . . . . 18=0A=
   5.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19=0A=
   6.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20=0A=
   7.  Character Set Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21=0A=
   8.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22=0A=
     8.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22=0A=
     8.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22=0A=
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23=0A=
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24=0A=
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 25=0A=
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1.  Introduction=0A=
=0A=
   Human beings on our planet have, past and present, used a number of=0A=
   languages.  There are many reasons why one would want to identify the=0A=
   language used when presenting or requesting information.=0A=
=0A=
   Applications, protocols, or specifications that use language=0A=
   identifiers, such as the language tags defined in [RFC3066bis],=0A=
   sometimes need to match language tags to a user's language=0A=
   preferences.=0A=
=0A=
   This document defines a syntax (called a language range (Section 2))=0A=
   for specifying items in the user's list of language preferences=0A=
   (called a language priority list (Section 2.3)), as well as several=0A=
   schemes for selecting or filtering sets of language tags by comparing=0A=
   the language tags to the user's preferences.  Applications,=0A=
   protocols, or specifications will have varying needs and requirements=0A=
   that affect the choice of a suitable matching scheme.=0A=
=0A=
   This document describes: how to indicate a user's preferences using=0A=
   language ranges; three schemes for matching these ranges to a set of=0A=
   language tags; and the various practical considerations that apply to=0A=
   implementing and using these schemes.=0A=
=0A=
   This document, in combination with [RFC3066bis] (Ed.: replace=0A=
   "3066bis" globally in this document with the RFC number assigned to=0A=
   draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces [RFC3066], which replaced=0A=
   [RFC1766].=0A=
=0A=
   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",=0A=
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this=0A=
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].=0A=
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2.  The Language Range=0A=
=0A=
   Language tags [RFC3066bis] are used to help identify languages,=0A=
   whether spoken, written, signed, or otherwise signaled, for the=0A=
   purpose of communication.  Applications, protocols, or specifications=0A=
   that use language tags are often faced with the problem of=0A=
   identifying sets of content that share certain language attributes.=0A=
   For example, HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616] describes one such mechanism in its=0A=
   discussion of the Accept-Language header (Section 14.4), which is=0A=
   used when selecting content from servers based on the language of=0A=
   that content.=0A=
=0A=
   It is, thus, useful to have a mechanism for identifying sets of=0A=
   language tags that share specific attributes.  This allows users to=0A=
   select or filter the language tags based on specific requirements.=0A=
   Such an identifier is called a "language range".=0A=
=0A=
   There are different types of language range, whose specific=0A=
   attributes vary according to their application.  Language ranges are=0A=
   similar to language tags: they consist of a sequence of subtags=0A=
   separated by hyphens.  In a language range, each subtag MUST either=0A=
   be a sequence of ASCII alphanumeric characters or the single=0A=
   character '*' (%2A, ASTERISK).  The character '*' is a "wildcard"=0A=
   that matches any sequence of subtags.  The meaning and uses of=0A=
   wildcards vary according to the type of language range.=0A=
=0A=
   Language tags and thus language ranges are to be treated as case-=0A=
   insensitive: there exist conventions for the capitalization of some=0A=
   of the subtags, but these MUST NOT be taken to carry meaning.=0A=
   Matching of language tags to language ranges MUST be done in a case-=0A=
   insensitive manner.=0A=
=0A=
2.1.  Basic Language Range=0A=
=0A=
   A "basic language range" has the same syntax as an [RFC3066] language=0A=
   tag or is the single character "*".  The basic language range was=0A=
   originally described by HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616] and later [RFC3066].  It=0A=
   is defined by the following ABNF [RFC4234]:=0A=
=0A=
   language-range   =3D (1*8ALPHA *("-" 1*8alphanum)) / "*"=0A=
   alphanum         =3D ALPHA / DIGIT=0A=
=0A=
   A basic language range differs from the language tags defined in=0A=
   [RFC3066bis] only in that there is no requirement that it be "well-=0A=
   formed" or be validated against the IANA Language Subtag Registry.=0A=
   Such ill-formed ranges will probably not match anything.  Note that=0A=
   the ABNF [RFC4234] in [RFC2616] is incorrect, since it disallows the=0A=
   use of digits anywhere in the 'language-range' (see:=0A=
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   [RFC2616errata]).=0A=
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2.2.  Extended Language Range=0A=
=0A=
   Occasionally users will wish to select a set of language tags based=0A=
   on the presence of specific subtags.  An "extended language range"=0A=
   describes a user's language preference as an ordered sequence of=0A=
   subtags.  For example, a user might wish to select all language tags=0A=
   that contain the region subtag 'CH' (Switzerland).  Extended language=0A=
   ranges are useful for specifying a particular sequence of subtags=0A=
   that appear in the set of matching tags without having to specify all=0A=
   of the intervening subtags.=0A=
=0A=
   An extended language range can be represented by the following ABNF:=0A=
=0A=
   extended-language-range =3D (1*8ALPHA / "*")=0A=
                             *("-" (1*8alphanum / "*"))=0A=
=0A=
   Figure 2: Extended Language Range=0A=
=0A=
   The wildcard subtag '*' can occur in any position in the extended=0A=
   language range, where it matches any sequence of subtags that might=0A=
   occur in that position in a language tag.  However, wildcards outside=0A=
   the first position are ignored by Extended Filtering (see Section=0A=
   3.2.2).  The use or absence of one or more wildcards cannot be taken=0A=
   to imply that a certain number of subtags will appear in the matching=0A=
   set of language tags.=0A=
=0A=
2.3.  The Language Priority List=0A=
=0A=
   A user's language preferences will often need to specify more than=0A=
   one language range and thus users often need to specify a prioritized=0A=
   list of language ranges in order to best reflect their language=0A=
   preferences.  This is especially true for speakers of minority=0A=
   languages.  A speaker of Breton in France, for example, can specify=0A=
   "br" followed by "fr", meaning that if Breton is available, it is=0A=
   preferred, but otherwise French is the best alternative.  It can get=0A=
   more complex: a different user might want to fall back from Skolt=0A=
   Sami to Northern Sami to Finnish.=0A=
=0A=
   A "language priority list" is a prioritized or weighted list of=0A=
   language ranges.  One well known example of such a list is the=0A=
   "Accept-Language" header defined in RFC 2616 [RFC2616] (see Section=0A=
   14.4) and RFC 3282 [RFC3282].=0A=
=0A=
   The various matching operations described in this document include=0A=
   considerations for using a language priority list.  This document=0A=
   does not define the syntax for a language priority list; defining=0A=
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   such a syntax is the responsibility of the protocol, application, or=0A=
   specification that uses it.  When given as examples in this document,=0A=
   language priority lists will be shown as a quoted sequence of ranges=0A=
   separated by commas, like this: "en, fr, zh-Hant" (which is read=0A=
   "English before French before Chinese as written in the Traditional=0A=
   script").=0A=
=0A=
   A simple list of ranges is considered to be in descending order of=0A=
   priority.  Other language priority lists provide "quality weights"=0A=
   for the language ranges in order to specify the relative priority of=0A=
   the user's language preferences.  An example of this is the use of=0A=
   "q" values in the syntax of the "Accept-Language" header (defined in=0A=
   [RFC2616], Section 14.4, and [RFC3282]).=0A=
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3.  Types of Matching=0A=
=0A=
   Matching language ranges to language tags can be done in many=0A=
   different ways.  This section describes three such matching schemes,=0A=
   as well as the considerations for choosing between them.  Protocols=0A=
   and specifications requiring conformance to this specification MUST=0A=
   clearly indicate the particular mechanism used in selecting or=0A=
   matching language tags.=0A=
=0A=
   There are two types of matching scheme in this document.  A matching=0A=
   scheme that produces zero or more matching language tags is called=0A=
   "filtering".  A matching scheme that produces exactly one match for a=0A=
   given request is called "lookup".=0A=
=0A=
3.1.  Choosing a Matching Scheme=0A=
=0A=
   Applications, protocols, and specifications are faced with the=0A=
   decision of what type of matching to use.  Sometimes, different=0A=
   styles of matching are suited to different kinds of processing within=0A=
   a particular application or protocol.=0A=
=0A=
   This document describes three matching schemes:=0A=
=0A=
   1.  Basic Filtering (Section 3.3.1) matches a language priority list=0A=
       consisting of basic language ranges (Section 2.1) to sets of=0A=
       language tags.=0A=
=0A=
   2.  Extended Filtering (Section 3.3.2) matches a language priority=0A=
       list consisting of extended language ranges (Section 2.2) to sets=0A=
       of language tags.=0A=
=0A=
   3.  Lookup (Section 3.4) matches a language priority list consisting=0A=
       of basic language ranges to sets of language tags to find the one=0A=
       _exact_ language tag that best matches the range.=0A=
=0A=
   Filtering can be used to produce a set of results (such as a=0A=
   collection of documents) by comparing the user's preferences to a set=0A=
   of language tags.  For example, when performing a search, filtering=0A=
   can be used to limit the results to items tagged as being in the=0A=
   French language.  Filtering can also be used when deciding whether to=0A=
   perform a language-sensitive process on some content.  For example, a=0A=
   process might cause paragraphs whose language tag matched the=0A=
   language range "nl" (Dutch) to be displayed in italics within a=0A=
   document.=0A=
=0A=
   Lookup produces the single result that best matches the user's=0A=
   preferences from the list of available tags, so it is useful in cases=0A=
   in which a single item is required (and for which only a single item=0A=
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   can be returned).  For example, if a process were to insert a human=0A=
   readable error message into a protocol header, it might select the=0A=
   text based on the user's language priority list.  Since the process=0A=
   can return only one item, it is forced to choose a single item and it=0A=
   has to return some item, even if none of the content's language tags=0A=
   match the language priority list supplied by the user.=0A=
=0A=
3.2.  Implementation Considerations=0A=
=0A=
   Language tag matching is a tool, and does not by itself specify a=0A=
   complete procedure for the use of language tags.  Such procedures are=0A=
   intimately tied to the application protocol in which they occur.=0A=
   When specifying a protocol operation using matching, the protocol=0A=
   MUST specify:=0A=
=0A=
   o  Which type(s) of language tag matching it uses=0A=
=0A=
   o  Whether the operation returns a single result (lookup) or a=0A=
      possibly empty set of results (filtering)=0A=
=0A=
   o  For lookup, what the default item is (or the sequence of=0A=
      operations or configuration information used to determine the=0A=
      default) when no matching tag is found.  For instance, a protocol=0A=
      might define the result as failure of the operation, an empty=0A=
      value, returning some protocol defined or implementation defined=0A=
      default, or returning i-default [RFC2277].=0A=
=0A=
   Applications, protocols, and specifications are not required to=0A=
   validate or understand any of the semantics of the language tags or=0A=
   ranges or of the subtags in them, nor do they require access to the=0A=
   IANA Language Subtag Registry (see Section 3 in [RFC3066bis]).  This=0A=
   simplifies implementation.=0A=
=0A=
   However, designers of applications, protocols, or specifications are=0A=
   encouraged to use the information from the IANA Language Subtag=0A=
   Registry to support canonicalizing language tags and ranges in order=0A=
   to map grandfathered and obsolete tags or subtags into modern=0A=
   equivalents.=0A=
=0A=
   Applications, protocols, or specifications that canonicalize ranges=0A=
   MUST either perform matching operations with both the canonical and=0A=
   original (unmodified) form of the range or MUST also canonicalize=0A=
   each tag for the purposes of comparison.=0A=
=0A=
   Note that canonicalizing language ranges makes certain operations=0A=
   impossible.  For example, an implementation that canonicalizes the=0A=
   language range "art-lojban" (artificial language, lojban variant) to=0A=
   use the more modern "jbo" (Lojban) cannot be used to select just the=0A=
=0A=
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   items with the older tag.=0A=
=0A=
   Applications, protocols, or specifications that use basic ranges=0A=
   might sometimes receive extended language ranges instead.  An=0A=
   application, protocol, or specification MUST choose to: a) map=0A=
   extended language ranges to basic ranges using the algorithm below,=0A=
   b) reject any extended language ranges in the language priority list=0A=
   that are not valid basic language ranges, or c) treat each extended=0A=
   language range as if it were a basic language range, which will have=0A=
   the same result as ignoring them, since these ranges will not match=0A=
   any valid language tags.=0A=
=0A=
   An extended language range is mapped to a basic language range as=0A=
   follows: if the first subtag is a '*' then the entire range is=0A=
   treated as "*", otherwise each wildcard subtag is removed.  For=0A=
   example, the extended language range "en-*-US" maps to "en-US"=0A=
   (English, United States).=0A=
=0A=
   Applications, protocols, or specifications, in addressing their=0A=
   particular requirements, can offer pre-processing or configuration=0A=
   options.  For example, an implementation could allow a user to=0A=
   associate or map a particular language range to a different value.=0A=
   Such a user might wish to associate the language range subtags 'nn'=0A=
   (Nynorsk Norwegian) and 'nb' (Bokmal Norwegian) with the more general=0A=
   subtag 'no' (Norwegian).  Or perhaps a user would want to associate=0A=
   requests for the range "zh-Hans" (Chinese as written in the=0A=
   Simplified script) with content bearing the language tag "zh-CN"=0A=
   (Chinese as used in China, where the Simplified script is=0A=
   predominant).  Documentation on how the ranges or tags are altered,=0A=
   prioritized, or compared in the subsequent match in such an=0A=
   implementation will assist users in making these types of=0A=
   configuration choices.=0A=
=0A=
3.3.  Filtering=0A=
=0A=
   Filtering is used to select the set of language tags that matches a=0A=
   given language priority list.  It is called "filtering" because this=0A=
   set might contain no items at all or it might return an arbitrarily=0A=
   large number of matching items: as many items as match the language=0A=
   priority list, thus "filtering out" the non-matching items.=0A=
=0A=
   In filtering, each language range represents the _least_ specific=0A=
   language tag (that is, the language tag with fewest number of=0A=
   subtags) which is an acceptable match.  All of the language tags in=0A=
   the matching set of tags will have an equal or greater number of=0A=
   subtags than the language range.  Every non-wildcard subtag in the=0A=
   language range will appear in every one of the matching language=0A=
   tags.  For example, if the language priority list consists of the=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
   range "de-CH" (German as used in Switzerland), one might see tags=0A=
   such as "de-CH-1996" (German as used in Switzerland, orthography of=0A=
   1996) but one will never see a tag such as "de" (because the 'CH'=0A=
   subtag is missing).=0A=
=0A=
   If the language priority list (see Section 2.3) contains more than=0A=
   one range, the content returned is typically ordered in descending=0A=
   level of preference, but it MAY be unordered, according to the needs=0A=
   of the application or protocol.=0A=
=0A=
   Some examples of applications where filtering might be appropriate=0A=
   include:=0A=
=0A=
   o  Applying a style to sections of a document in a particular set of=0A=
      languages.=0A=
=0A=
   o  Displaying the set of documents containing a particular set of=0A=
      keywords written in a specific set of languages.=0A=
=0A=
   o  Selecting all email items written in a specific set of languages.=0A=
=0A=
   o  Selecting audio files spoken in a particular language.=0A=
=0A=
   Filtering seems to imply that there is a semantic relationship=0A=
   between language tags that share the same prefix.  While this is=0A=
   often the case, it is not always true: the language tags that match a=0A=
   specific language range do not necessarily represent mutually=0A=
   intelligible languages.=0A=
=0A=
3.3.1.  Basic Filtering=0A=
=0A=
   Basic filtering compares basic language ranges to language tags.=0A=
   Each basic language range in the language priority list is considered=0A=
   in turn, according to priority.  A language range matches a=0A=
   particular language tag if, in a case-insensitive comparison, it=0A=
   exactly equals the tag, or if it exactly equals a prefix of the tag=0A=
   such that the first character following the prefix is "-".  For=0A=
   example, the language-range "de-de" (German as used in Germany)=0A=
   matches the language tag "de-DE-1996" (German as used in Germany,=0A=
   orthography of 1996), but not the language tags "de-Deva" (German as=0A=
   written in the Devanagari script) or "de-Latn-DE" (German, Latin=0A=
   script, as used in Germany).=0A=
=0A=
   The special range "*" in a language priority list matches any tag.  A=0A=
   protocol which uses language ranges MAY specify additional rules=0A=
   about the semantics of "*"; for instance, HTTP/1.1 [RFC2616]=0A=
   specifies that the range "*" matches only languages not matched by=0A=
   any other range within an "Accept-Language" header.=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
   Basic filtering is identical to the type of matching described in=0A=
   [RFC3066], Section 2.5 (Language-range).=0A=
=0A=
3.3.2.  Extended Filtering=0A=
=0A=
   Extended filtering compares extended language ranges to language=0A=
   tags.  Each extended language range in the language priority list is=0A=
   considered in turn, according to priority.  A language range matches=0A=
   a particular language tag if their list of subtags match.  To=0A=
   determine a match:=0A=
=0A=
   1.  Split both the extended language range and the language tag being=0A=
       compared into a list of subtags by dividing on the hyphen (%2D)=0A=
       character.  Two subtags match if either they are the same when=0A=
       compared case-insensitively or the language range's subtag is the=0A=
       wildcard '*'.=0A=
=0A=
   2.  Begin with the first subtag in each list.  If the first subtag in=0A=
       the range does not match the first subtag in the tag, the overall=0A=
       match fails.  Otherwise, move to the next subtag in both the=0A=
       range and the tag.=0A=
=0A=
   3.  While there are more subtags left in the language range's list:=0A=
=0A=
       A.  If the subtag currently being examined in the range is the=0A=
           wildcard ('*'), move to the next subtag in the range and=0A=
           continue with the loop.=0A=
=0A=
       B.  Else, if there are no more subtags in the language tag's=0A=
           list, the match fails.=0A=
=0A=
       C.  Else, if the current subtag in the range's list matches the=0A=
           current subtag in the language tag's list, move to the next=0A=
           subtag in both lists and continue with the loop.=0A=
=0A=
       D.  Else, if the language tag's subtag is a "singleton" (a single=0A=
           letter or digit, which includes the private-use subtag 'x')=0A=
           the match fails.=0A=
=0A=
       E.  Else, move to the next subtag in the language tag's list and=0A=
           continue with the loop.=0A=
=0A=
   4.  When the language range's list has no more subtags, the match=0A=
       succeeds.=0A=
=0A=
   Subtags not specified, including those at the end of the language=0A=
   range, are thus treated as if assigned the wildcard value '*'.  Much=0A=
   like basic filtering, extended filtering selects content with=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
   arbitrarily long tags that share the same initial subtags as the=0A=
   language range.  In addition, extended filtering selects language=0A=
   tags that contain any intermediate subtags not specified in the=0A=
   language range.  For example, the extended language range "de-*-DE"=0A=
   (or its synonym "de-DE") matches all of the following tags:=0A=
=0A=
      de-DE (German, as used in Germany)=0A=
=0A=
      de-de (German, as used in Germany)=0A=
=0A=
      de-Latn-DE (Latin script)=0A=
=0A=
      de-Latf-DE (Fraktur variant of Latin script)=0A=
=0A=
      de-DE-x-goethe (private use subtag)=0A=
=0A=
      de-Latn-DE-1996 (orthography of 1996)=0A=
=0A=
      de-Deva-DE (Devanagari script)=0A=
=0A=
   The same range does not match any of the following tags for the=0A=
   reasons shown:=0A=
=0A=
      de (missing 'DE')=0A=
=0A=
      de-x-DE (singleton 'x' occurs before 'DE')=0A=
=0A=
      de-Deva ('Deva' not equal to 'DE')=0A=
=0A=
   Note: [RFC3066bis] defines each type of subtag (language, script,=0A=
   region, and so forth) according to position, size, and content.  This=0A=
   means that subtags in a language range can only match specific types=0A=
   of subtags in a language tag.  For example, a subtag such as 'Latn'=0A=
   is always a script subtag (unless it follows a singleton) while a=0A=
   subtag such as 'nedis' can only match the equivalent variant subtag.=0A=
   Two-letter subtags in initial position have a different type=0A=
   (language) than two-letter subtags in later positions (region).  This=0A=
   is the reason why a wildcard in the extended language range is=0A=
   significant in the first position but is ignored in all other=0A=
   positions.=0A=
=0A=
3.4.  Lookup=0A=
=0A=
   Lookup is used to select the single language tag that best matches=0A=
   the language priority list for a given request.  When performing=0A=
   lookup, each language range in the language priority list is=0A=
   considered in turn, according to priority.  By contrast with=0A=
   filtering, each language range represents the _most_ specific tag=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
   which is an acceptable match.  The first matching tag found,=0A=
   according to the user's priority, is considered the closest match and=0A=
   is the item returned.  For example, if the language range is "de-ch",=0A=
   a lookup operation can produce content with the tags "de" or "de-CH"=0A=
   but never content with the tag "de-CH-1996".  If no language tag=0A=
   matches the request, the "default" value is returned.=0A=
=0A=
   For example, if an application inserts some dynamic content into a=0A=
   document, returning an empty string if there is no exact match is not=0A=
   an option.  Instead, the application "falls back" until it finds a=0A=
   matching language tag associated with a suitable piece of content to=0A=
   insert.  Some applications of lookup include:=0A=
=0A=
   o  Selection of a template containing the text for an automated email=0A=
      response.=0A=
=0A=
   o  Selection of a item containing some text for inclusion in a=0A=
      particular Web page.=0A=
=0A=
   o  Selection of a string of text for inclusion in an error log.=0A=
=0A=
   o  Selection of an audio file to play as a prompt in a phone system.=0A=
=0A=
   In the lookup scheme, the language range is progressively truncated=0A=
   from the end until a matching language tag is located.  Single letter=0A=
   or digit subtags (including both the letter 'x' which introduces=0A=
   private-use sequences, and the subtags that introduce extensions) are=0A=
   removed at the same time as their closest trailing subtag.  For=0A=
   example, starting with the range "zh-Hant-CN-x-private1-private2"=0A=
   (Chinese, Traditional script, China, two private use tags) the lookup=0A=
   progressively searches for content as shown below:=0A=
=0A=
   Range to match: zh-Hant-CN-x-private1-private2=0A=
   1. zh-Hant-CN-x-private1-private2=0A=
   2. zh-Hant-CN-x-private1=0A=
   3. zh-Hant-CN=0A=
   4. zh-Hant=0A=
   5. zh=0A=
   6. (default)=0A=
=0A=
   Figure 3: Example of a Lookup Fallback Pattern=0A=
=0A=
   This fallback behavior allows some flexibility in finding a match.=0A=
   Without fallback, the default content would be returned immediately=0A=
   if exactly matching content is unavailable.  With fallback, a result=0A=
   more closely matching the user request can be provided.=0A=
=0A=
   Extensions and unrecognized private-use subtags might be unrelated to=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
   a particular application of lookup.  Since these subtags come at the=0A=
   end of the subtag sequence, they are removed first during the=0A=
   fallback process and usually pose no barrier to interoperability.=0A=
   However, an implementation MAY remove these from ranges prior to=0A=
   performing the lookup (provided the implementation also removes them=0A=
   from the tags being compared).  Such modification is internal to the=0A=
   implementation and applications, protocols, or specifications SHOULD=0A=
   NOT remove or modify subtags in content that they return or forward,=0A=
   because this removes information that can be used elsewhere.=0A=
=0A=
   The special language range "*" matches any language tag.  In the=0A=
   lookup scheme, this range does not convey enough information by=0A=
   itself to determine which language tag is most appropriate, since it=0A=
   matches everything.  If the language range "*" is followed by other=0A=
   language ranges, it is skipped.  If the language range "*" is the=0A=
   only one in the language priority list or if no other language range=0A=
   follows, the default value is computed and returned.=0A=
=0A=
   In some cases, the language priority list can contain one or more=0A=
   extended language ranges (as, for example, when the same language=0A=
   priority list is used as input for both lookup and filtering=0A=
   operations).  Wildcard values in an extended language range normally=0A=
   match any value that can occur in that position in a language tag.=0A=
   Since only one item can be returned for any given lookup request,=0A=
   wildcards in a language range have to be processed in a consistent=0A=
   manner or the same request will produce widely varying results.=0A=
   Applications, protocols, or specifications that accept extended=0A=
   language ranges MUST define which item is returned when more than one=0A=
   item matches the extended language range.=0A=
=0A=
   For example, an implementation could map the extended language ranges=0A=
   to basic ranges.  Another possibility would be for an implementation=0A=
   to return the matching tag that is first in ASCII-order.  If the=0A=
   language range were "*-CH" ('CH' represents Switzerland) and the set=0A=
   of tags included "de-CH" (German as used in Switzerland), "fr-CH"=0A=
   (French, Switzerland), and "it-CH" (Italian, Switzerland), then the=0A=
   tag "de-CH" would be returned.=0A=
=0A=
3.4.1.  Default Values=0A=
=0A=
   Each application, protocol, or specification that uses lookup MUST=0A=
   define the defaulting behavior when no tag matches the language=0A=
   priority list.  What this action consists of strongly depends on how=0A=
   lookup is being applied.  Some examples of defaulting behavior=0A=
   include:=0A=
=0A=
   o  return an item with no language tag or an item of a non-linguistic=0A=
      nature, such as an image or sound=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
   o  return a null string as the language tag value, in cases where the=0A=
      protocol permits the empty value (see, for example, "xml:lang" in=0A=
      [W3C.REC-xml-20040204])=0A=
=0A=
   o  return a particular language tag designated for the operation=0A=
=0A=
   o  return the language tag "i-default" (see: [RFC2277])=0A=
=0A=
   o  return an error condition or error message=0A=
=0A=
   o  return a list of available languages for the user to select from=0A=
=0A=
   When performing lookup using a language priority list, the=0A=
   progressive search MUST process each language range in the list=0A=
   before seeking or calculating the default.=0A=
=0A=
   The default value MAY be calculated or include additional searching=0A=
   or matching.  Applications, protocols, or specifications can specify=0A=
   different ways in which users can specify or override the defaults.=0A=
=0A=
   One common way to provide for a default is to allow a specific=0A=
   language range to be set as the default for a specific type of=0A=
   request.  If this approach is chosen, this language range MUST be=0A=
   treated as if it were appended to the end of the language priority=0A=
   list as a whole, rather than after each item in the language priority=0A=
   list.  The application, protocol, or specification MUST also define=0A=
   the defaulting behavior if that search fails to find a matching tag=0A=
   or item.=0A=
=0A=
   For example, if a particular user's language priority list is "fr-FR,=0A=
   zh-Hant" (French as used in France followed by Chinese as written in=0A=
   the Traditional script) and the program doing the matching had a=0A=
   default language range of "ja-JP" (Japanese as used in Japan), then=0A=
   the program searches as follows:=0A=
=0A=
   1. fr-FR=0A=
   2. fr=0A=
   3. zh-Hant // next language=0A=
   4. zh=0A=
   5. ja-JP   // now searching for the default content=0A=
   6. ja=0A=
   7. (implementation defined default)=0A=
=0A=
   Figure 4: Lookup Using a Language Priority List=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
4.  Other Considerations=0A=
=0A=
   When working with language ranges and matching schemes, there are=0A=
   some additional points that can influence the choice of either.=0A=
=0A=
4.1.  Choosing Language Ranges=0A=
=0A=
   Users indicate their language preferences via the choice of a=0A=
   language range or the list of language ranges in a language priority=0A=
   list.  The type of matching affects what the best choice is for a=0A=
   user.=0A=
=0A=
   Most matching schemes make no attempt to process the semantic meaning=0A=
   of the subtags.  The language range is compared, in a case-=0A=
   insensitive manner, to each language tag being matched, using basic=0A=
   string processing.  Users SHOULD select language ranges that are=0A=
   well-formed, valid language tags according to [RFC3066bis]=0A=
   (substituting wildcards as appropriate in extended language ranges).=0A=
=0A=
   Applications are encouraged to canonicalize language tags and ranges=0A=
   by using the Preferred-Value from the IANA Language Subtag Registry=0A=
   for tags or subtags which have been deprecated.  If the user is=0A=
   working with content that might use the older form, the user might=0A=
   want to include both the new and old forms in a language priority=0A=
   list.  For example, the tag "art-lojban" is deprecated.  The subtag=0A=
   'jbo' is supposed to be used instead, so the user might use it to=0A=
   form the language range.  Or the user might include both in a=0A=
   language priority list: "jbo, art-lojban".=0A=
=0A=
   Users SHOULD avoid subtags that add no distinguishing value to a=0A=
   language range.  When filtering, the fewer the number of subtags that=0A=
   appear in the language range, the more content the range will=0A=
   probably match, while in lookup unnecessary subtags can cause=0A=
   "better", more-specific content to be skipped in favor of less=0A=
   specific content.  For example, the range "de-Latn-DE" returns=0A=
   content tagged "de" instead of content tagged "de-DE", even though=0A=
   the latter is probably a better match.=0A=
=0A=
   Whether a subtag adds distinguishing value can depend on the context=0A=
   of the request.  For example, a user who reads both Simplified and=0A=
   Traditional Chinese, but who prefers Simplified, might use the range=0A=
   "zh" for filtering (matching all items that user can read) but "zh-=0A=
   Hans" for lookup (making sure that user gets the preferred form if=0A=
   it's available, but the fallback to "zh" will still work).  On the=0A=
   other hand, content in this case ought to be labeled as "zh-Hans" (or=0A=
   "zh-Hant" if that applies) for filtering, while for lookup, if there=0A=
   is either "zh-Hans" content or "zh-Hant" content, one of them (the=0A=
   one considered 'default') also ought to be made available with the=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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   simple "zh".  Note that the user can create a language priority list=0A=
   "zh-Hans, zh" that delivers the best possible results for both=0A=
   schemes.  If the user cannot be sure which scheme is being used (or=0A=
   if more than one might be applied to a given request), the user=0A=
   SHOULD specify the most specific (largest number of subtags) range=0A=
   first and then supply shorter prefixes later in the list to ensure=0A=
   that filtering returns a complete set of tags.=0A=
=0A=
   Many languages are written predominantly in a single script.  This is=0A=
   usually recorded in the Suppress-Script field in that language=0A=
   subtag's registry entry.  For these languages, script subtags SHOULD=0A=
   NOT be used to form a language range.  Thus the language range "en-=0A=
   Latn" is inappropriate in most cases (because the vast majority of=0A=
   English documents are written in the Latin script and thus the 'en'=0A=
   language subtag has a Suppress-Script field for 'Latn' in the=0A=
   registry).=0A=
=0A=
   When working with tags and ranges, note that extensions and most=0A=
   private-use subtags are orthogonal to language tag matching, in that=0A=
   they specify additional attributes of the text not related to the=0A=
   goals of most matching schemes.  Users SHOULD avoid using these=0A=
   subtags in language ranges, since they interfere with the selection=0A=
   of available content.  When used in language tags (as opposed to=0A=
   ranges), these subtags normally do not interfere with filtering=0A=
   (Section 3), since they appear at the end of the tag and will match=0A=
   all prefixes.  Lookup (Section 3.4) implementations are advised to=0A=
   ignore unrecognized private-use and extension subtags when performing=0A=
   language tag fallback.=0A=
=0A=
4.2.  Meaning of Language Tags and Ranges=0A=
=0A=
   Selecting language tags using language ranges requires some=0A=
   understanding by users of what they are selecting.  The meaning of=0A=
   the various subtags in a language range are identical to their=0A=
   meaning in a language tag (see Section 4.2 in [RFC3066bis]), with the=0A=
   addition that the wildcard "*" represents any matching sequence of=0A=
   values.=0A=
=0A=
4.3.  Considerations for Private Use Subtags=0A=
=0A=
   Private argeement is necessary between the parties that intend to use=0A=
   or exchange language tags that contain private-use subtags.  Great=0A=
   caution SHOULD be used in employing private-use subtags in content or=0A=
   protocols intended for general use.  Private-use subtags are simply=0A=
   useless for information exchange without prior arrangement.=0A=
=0A=
   The value and semantic meaning of private-use tags and of the subtags=0A=
   used within such a language tag are not defined.  Matching private-=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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=0A=
   use tags using language ranges or extended language ranges can result=0A=
   in unpredictable content being returned.=0A=
=0A=
4.4.  Length Considerations for Language Ranges=0A=
=0A=
   Language ranges are very similar to language tags in terms of content=0A=
   and usage.  The same types of restrictions on length that can be=0A=
   applied to language tags can also be applied to language ranges.  See=0A=
   [RFC3066bis] Section 4.3 (Length Considerations).=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
=0A=
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6.  Security Considerations=0A=
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   Language ranges used in content negotiation might be used to infer=0A=
   the nationality of the sender, and thus identify potential targets=0A=
   for surveillance.  In addition, unique or highly unusual language=0A=
   ranges or combinations of language ranges might be used to track a=0A=
   specific individual's activities.=0A=
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   This is a special case of the general problem that anything you send=0A=
   is visible to the receiving party.  It is useful to be aware that=0A=
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7.  Character Set Considerations=0A=
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   Language tags permit only the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, and HYPHEN-=0A=
   MINUS (%x2D).  Language ranges also use the character ASTERISK=0A=
   (%x2A).  These characters are present in most character sets, so=0A=
   presentation or exchange of language tags or ranges should not be=0A=
   constrained by character set issues.=0A=
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8.  References=0A=
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8.1.  Normative References=0A=
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   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate=0A=
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.=0A=
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   [RFC2277]  Alvestrand, H., "IETF Policy on Character Sets and=0A=
              Languages", BCP 18, RFC 2277, January 1998.=0A=
=0A=
   [RFC3066bis]=0A=
              Phillips, A., Ed. and M. Davis, Ed., "Tags for the=0A=
              Identification of Languages", October 2005, <http://=0A=
              www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/=0A=
              draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14.txt>.=0A=
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   [RFC4234]  Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax=0A=
              Specifications: ABNF", RFC 4234, October 2005.=0A=
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8.2.  Informative References=0A=
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   [RFC1766]  Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of=0A=
              Languages", RFC 1766, March 1995.=0A=
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   [RFC2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,=0A=
              Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext=0A=
              Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.=0A=
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   [RFC2616errata]=0A=
              IETF, "HTTP/1.1 Specification Errata", October 2004,=0A=
              <http://purl.org/NET/http-errata>.=0A=
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   [RFC3066]  Alvestrand, H., "Tags for the Identification of=0A=
              Languages", BCP 47, RFC 3066, January 2001.=0A=
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   [RFC3282]  Alvestrand, H., "Content Language Headers", RFC 3282,=0A=
              May 2002.=0A=
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   [W3C.REC-xml-20040204]=0A=
              Yergeau, F., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C., Bray, T.,=0A=
              and E. Maler, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Third=0A=
              Edition)", W3C REC REC-xml-20040204, February 2004.=0A=
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Appendix A.  Acknowledgements=0A=
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   Any list of contributors is bound to be incomplete; please regard the=0A=
   following as only a selection from the group of people who have=0A=
   contributed to make this document what it is today.=0A=
=0A=
   The contributors to [RFC3066bis], [RFC3066] and [RFC1766], each of=0A=
   which is a precursor to this document, made enormous contributions=0A=
   directly or indirectly to this document and are generally responsible=0A=
   for the success of language tags.=0A=
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   The following people (in alphabetical order by family name)=0A=
   contributed to this document:=0A=
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   Harald Alvestrand, Stephane Bortzmeyer, Jeremy Carroll, Peter=0A=
   Constable, John Cowan, Mark Crispin, Martin Duerst, Frank Ellermann,=0A=
   Doug Ewell, Debbie Garside, Marion Gunn, Jon Hanna, Kent Karlsson,=0A=
   Erkki Kolehmainen, Jukka Korpela, Ira McDonald, M. Patton, Randy=0A=
   Presuhn, Eric van der Poel, Markus Scherer, Misha Wolf, and many,=0A=
   many others.=0A=
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   Very special thanks must go to Harald Tveit Alvestrand, who=0A=
   originated RFCs 1766 and 3066, and without whom this document would=0A=
   not have been possible.=0A=
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Authors' Addresses=0A=
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   Addison Phillips (editor)=0A=
   Yahoo! Inc.=0A=
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   Email: addison@inter-locale.com=0A=
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   Mark Davis (editor)=0A=
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Intellectual Property Statement=0A=
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   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any=0A=
   Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to=0A=
   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in=0A=
   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights=0A=
   might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has=0A=
   made any independent effort to identify any such rights.  Information=0A=
   on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be=0A=
   found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.=0A=
=0A=
   Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any=0A=
   assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an=0A=
   attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of=0A=
   such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this=0A=
   specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at=0A=
   http://www.ietf.org/ipr.=0A=
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   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any=0A=
   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary=0A=
   rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement=0A=
   this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF at=0A=
   ietf-ipr@ietf.org.=0A=
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Disclaimer of Validity=0A=
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   This document and the information contained herein are provided on an=0A=
   "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS=0A=
   OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET=0A=
   ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,=0A=
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   INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED=0A=
   WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.=0A=
=0A=
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Copyright Statement=0A=
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   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).  This document is subject=0A=
   to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and=0A=
   except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights.=0A=
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Acknowledgment=0A=
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   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the=0A=
   Internet Society.=0A=
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org Wed May 31 01:28:36 2006
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Date: Wed, 31 May 2006 14:22:43 +0900
To: Ted Hardie <hardie@qualcomm.com>
From: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: [Ltru] Shepherding writeup for draft-ietf-ltru-matching
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Hello Ted,

Below please find the shepherding writeup for draft-ietf-ltru-matching.
Addison has submitted draft-ietf-ltru-matching-14, which you should
be able to see in the relevant directories soon.

Please contact me at any time if you have any questions or comments
on the draft.

Regards,   Martin.

P.S.: Ted, I'll send another LAST CALL REQUESTED message as soon as
      I get the notice that draft-ietf-ltru-matching-14 is up.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1.a) Have the chairs personally reviewed this version of the Internet
        Draft (ID), and in particular, do they believe this ID is ready
        to forward to the IESG for publication?

Yes. The chairs have repeatedly reviewed the drafts, including this
version, and we firmly believe that this ID is ready for forwarding
to the IESG for publication.

                                                 Which chair is the WG
        Chair Shepherd for this document?

That's Martin Duerst, duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp.


   1.b) Has the document had adequate review from both key WG members
        and key non-WG members?

Yes. Key outside reviewers included internationalization experts from W3C
and from the Unicode Consortium.

                                 Do you have any concerns about the
        depth or breadth of the reviews that have been performed?

No.


   1.c) Do you have concerns that the document needs more review from a
        particular (broader) perspective (e.g., security, operational
        complexity, someone familiar with AAA, internationalization,
        XML, etc.)?

No, not at all. Internationalization and XML concerns have been very well
covered due to the nature of the topic of the draft. Operational issues
(related to registry access) have been discussed and resolved, too.
Security issues (which relate more to the use of language tags as such
than to the definition of particular matching schemes) have been documented.

A list of issues brought up during the first and second WG Last Calls
and their disposition can be found at
http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp/2006/IETF/ltru/.


   1.d) Do you have any specific concerns/issues with this document that
        you believe the ADs and/or IESG should be aware of?  For
        example, perhaps you are uncomfortable with certain parts of the
        document, or have concerns whether there really is a need for
        it.  In any event, if your issues have been discussed in the WG
        and the WG has indicated it that it still wishes to advance the
        document, detail those concerns in the write-up.

There are no concerns about whether there is really a need for the
three matching schemes described in the draft. In earlier versions
of the draft, there were more matching schemes, and the question "is
there really a need for all of these" was quite legitimate. However,
the number of matching schemes has been reduced to what we think is
the minimum: a) Basic Filtering, as available already in RFC 3066 and
widely used, b) Extended Filtering, which addresses the need for
certain new kinds of matching due to the change from a tag registry
to a subtag registry in draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14, and c) Lookup,
which, although newly described in this document, is already implemented,
with slight variations, in some HTTP servers, language/locale resource
lookup schemes, and so on).

If there is any concern that I have personally, it is that I still
feel that in a few odd places, the language could be slightly more
polished. But I have to admit that I'm usually way more sensitive on
such editorial details than others.


   1.e) How solid is the WG consensus behind this document?  Does it
        represent the strong concurrence of a few individuals, with
        others being silent, or does the WG as a whole understand and
        agree with it?

I think it is fair to say that the WG as a whole understands and agrees
with the document, and that there is wide consensus. Even those members
of the WG that have mainly been interested and been working on the
-registry and -inital draft and are not totally familiar with every
minor detail of the -matching draft have read it and understand and
agree with the general direction.


   1.f) Has anyone threatened an appeal or otherwise indicated extreme
        discontent?  If so, please summarise the areas of conflict in
        separate email to the Responsible Area Director.  (It should be
        separate email because this questionnaire will be entered into
        the tracker).

Yes. See separate mail.


   1.g) Have the chairs verified that the document checks out against
        all the ID nits? (see http://www.ietf.org/ID-Checklist.html).
        Boilerplate checks are not enough; this check needs to be
        thorough.

Yes.


   1.h) Has the document split its references into normative and
        informative?

Yes.

                      Are there normative references to IDs, where the
        IDs are not also ready for advancement or are otherwise in an
        unclear state?

No. On the contrary, there is draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14
(and draft-ietf-ltru-initial-06) which are already in the
RFC Editor queue but are held up by this draft.

                        The RFC Editor will not publish an RFC with
        normative references to IDs (will delay the publication until
        all such IDs are also ready for RFC publicatioin).  If the
        normative references are behind, what is the strategy for their
        completion?

No strategy needed.

                     On a related matter, are there normative references
        that are downward references, as described in BCP 97, RFC 3967
        RFC 3967 [RFC3967]?

No.

                             Listing these supports the Area Director in
        the Last Call downref procedure specified in RFC 3967.

   1.i) For Standards Track and BCP documents, the IESG approval
        announcement includes a write-up section with the following
        sections:

        *    Technical Summary

        *    Working Group Summary

        *    Protocol Quality

   1.j) Please provide such a write-up.  Recent examples can be found in
        the "Action" announcements for approved documents.


Technical Summary

The document describes recommended practices for matching language
tags as defined in draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14 (customarily called
RFC3066bis) to user preferences. To express user preferences,
two types of syntax are used, called "Basic Language Range"
(allowing wildcards only as single characters) and
"Extended Language Range" (allowing wildcards as subtags).
Both Basic Language Ranges and Extended Language Ranges can
(and customarily are) used in lists which are called "Language
Priority Lists".

The document describes three different matching schemes.
The first matching scheme, Basic Filtering, matches (lists of)
Basic Language Ranges against (lists of) language tags, resulting
in a (possibly empty) list of matching language tags. This
matching scheme is identical to that described in RFC 3066.

The second matching scheme, Extended Filtering, matches (lists of)
Extended Language Ranges against (lists of) language tags, and
produces a (possibly empty) list of matching language tags.
This matching scheme takes into account that draft-ietf-ltru-registry
(RFC3066bis), in contrast to RFC3066, defines language tags by
using a *sub*tag registry.

The third matching scheme, Lookup, differs from filtering in that
it produces a single matching language tag, possibly by falling
back to some default. Lookup is therefore suitable for situations
where a single result that best matches user preferences is needed.
An example would be the generation of content from a data store.
Filtering is useful for situations where multiple results are
acceptable, such as searching matching documents or document
fragments with certain language tags, or applying certain
operations such as styling to document fragments.


Working Group Summary

This document is the second work item of the LTRU WG. A large part
of the work on this document was done after finishing the first
work item, which is currently draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14
(together with draft-ietf-ltru-initial-06). While in an intermediary
stage, the document contained a larger number of matching schemes,
some of which were not well defined, had too many options,
or were at best 'nice to have', the WG worked hard to reduce
the number of schemes to the necessary minimum.


Protocol Quality

Of the three language tag matching schemes described in the document,
Basic Filtering is already widely implemented. Various implementations
of Extended Filtering exist, but they are not yet widely deployed.
Implementations corresponding to Lookup also exist and are well used,
although not currently directly in IETF technology.


   1.k) Note:

        *    The relevant information for the technical summary can
             frequently be found in the abstract and/or introduction of
             the document.  If not, this may be an indication that there
             are deficiencies in the abstract or introduction.

        *    For the Working Group Summary: Was there anything in WG
             process that is worth noting?  For example, was there
             controversy about particular points, decisions where
             consensus was particularly rough, etc.

        *    For the protocol quality, useful information includes:

             +    Are there existing implementations of the protocol?

             +    Have a significant number of vendors indicated they
                  plan to implement the specification?

             +    Are there any reviewers that merit special mention as
                  having done a thorough review (i.e., that resulted in
                  important changes or a conclusion that the document
                  had no substantive issues)? 



#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     


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To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
From: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
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Subject: [Ltru] Next steps for the matching draft
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Dear LTRU WG,

[This mail was supposed to go out before the 'shephearding' mail,
but got stuck. FYI anyway.]

This is an update on how things are moving forward with the
matching draft.

As the shephearding chair for the matching draft, I have carefully
re-read draft 13 and checked it against the various guideline documents
provided by the IETF. As a result, I have asked the editors to make a
few tweaks, and have asked Ted (our AD) to check or confirm a few issues.
As a result, the editors will submit draft 14 very soon.

I also have updated the last call issues list at
http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp/2006/IETF/ltru/, to show that all
the issues brought up have been adequately addressed.

I have also drafted the shepherding document, which I will send
out as soon as the new draft is out. Based on that, Ted will then
trigger the IETF Last Call.

Regards,    Martin.


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Language Tag Registry Update Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Matching of Language Tags
	Author(s)	: A. Phillips, M. Davis
	Filename	: draft-ietf-ltru-matching-14.txt
	Pages		: 25
	Date		: 2006-5-31
	
This document describes a syntax, called a "language-range", for
specifying items in a user's language preferences, called a "language
priority list".  It also describes different mechanisms for comparing
and matching these to language tags.  Two kinds of matching
mechanisms, filtering and lookup, are defined.  Filtering produces a
(potentially empty) set of language tags, whereas lookup produces a
single language tag.  Possible applications include language
negotiation or content selection.  This document, in combination with
RFC 3066bis (Ed.: replace "3066bis" with the RFC number assigned to
draft-ietf-ltru-registry-14), replaces RFC 3066, which replaced RFC
1766.

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Hello Ted,

I herewith would like to ask you to start the IETF Last Call for
draft-ietf-ltru-matching-14. As you can see from the shepherding
document that I sent earlier, this draft has successfully passed
a WG last call with only minor editorial changes, and in my and
Randy's assessment as co-chairs is ready for further processing
and approval by the IESG and publication as an RFC.

Regards,     Martin.


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     


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