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From: "Kent Karlsson" <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
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Subject: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE:  ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
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Doug Ewell wrote:
> I know some WG members will argue that collection codes are Evil, in 
> which case I would respond that perhaps we need to think beyond Web 
> servers and spell-checkers.  Our intent is for language tags to be 
> useful for a wide variety of applications, and as far as I know --  
> despite the horror stories -- collection codes haven't caused major 
> tagging problems since 2001 (publication date of RFC 3066, 
> which first allowed them).

I assume that for -5 there is a rule that the codes are in the same
"namespace" as 639-3 codes. In that case, I would not at all mind
including the "new" -5 code elements (but I'm a bit hesitant to
exclude some of them based on a not-sure-to-be-correct coverage
analysis). I also don't mind making collection/family codes inclusive,
i.e. exclude the "(other)", as Peter mentioned. 

But I would like some firmer recording in the LSR of the fact that a
code is a collection/family code (rather than relying on "languages"
or "(family)" being part of the name, or just referring back to 639-5).
Something like "Type: language collection" or similar. Pushing this a
bit, macrolanguages should similarly be explicitly recorded as such
(rather than just implicitly), by something like "Type: macrolanguage"
instead of just "Type: language". I know there is a way of inferring
this information, but it is better to be explicit, and not need to
infer that information or refer back to the -3 registry. IIUC, this
would leave "Type: language" for individual languages only.

I'm not suggesting any formal restrictions on the use of language
collection/family codes, beyond the informal warning we have already.
I'm sure some of the (non-new) collection codes have been used to
language tag documents in languages not covered by the LSR yet
(but will be, once LTRU II finishes...) with an individual language
code.

	/kent k

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
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Kent Karlsson 2008-06-01 13.42:

> Doug Ewell wrote:
>> I know some WG members will argue that collection codes are Evil, in 
>> which case I would respond that perhaps we need to think beyond Web 
>> servers and spell-checkers.  [...]


+1 for including collection codes.

 
> [...] I also don't mind making collection/family codes inclusive,
> i.e. exclude the "(other)", as Peter mentioned. 

+1 for inclusive collection/family codes

> But I would like some firmer recording in the LSR of the fact that a
> code is a collection/family code (rather than relying on "languages"
> or "(family)" being part of the name, or just referring back to 639-5).
> Something like "Type: language collection" or similar. Pushing this a
> bit, macrolanguages should similarly be explicitly recorded as such
> (rather than just implicitly), by something like "Type: macrolanguage"
> instead of just "Type: language". I know there is a way of inferring
> this information, but it is better to be explicit, and not need to
> infer that information or refer back to the -3 registry. IIUC, this
> would leave "Type: language" for individual languages only.


+1 one for "Type: macrolanguage" and "Type: language collection".

Being explicist is good. For example, the "no" code cannot be used 
for spell-checking unless you assume that it means either "nn" or 
"nb".

 
> I'm not suggesting any formal restrictions on the use of language
> collection/family codes, 


And not on macrolanguage codes either.

> beyond the informal warning we have already.
> I'm sure some of the (non-new) collection codes have been used to
> language tag documents in languages not covered by the LSR yet
> (but will be, once LTRU II finishes...) with an individual language
> code.

+1 for not having any formal restrictions.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2008 05:39:05 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE:  ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Kent Karlsson


> But I would like some firmer recording in the LSR of the fact that a
> code is a collection/family code (rather than relying on "languages"
> or "(family)" being part of the name, or just referring back to 639-5).
> Something like "Type: language collection" or similar. Pushing this a
> bit, macrolanguages should similarly be explicitly recorded as such
> (rather than just implicitly), by something like "Type: macrolanguage"
> instead of just "Type: language". I know there is a way of inferring
> this information, but it is better to be explicit, and not need to
> infer that information or refer back to the -3 registry. IIUC, this
> would leave "Type: language" for individual languages only.

If this sounds a bit familiar, we did discuss this back in ancient times -- Nov 2006. The 639-3 code tables were first getting checked out, and Mark Davis commented on what he thought should be included or excluded in the LSTR. The scope attribute (which is the one you're mentioning) is one that Mark thought wasn't needed since it could be derived. John Cowan concurred. Randy mentioned feature creep in relation to some other info, but didn't make a clear link between that comment and the scope attribute. Doug made mixed comments: he agreed that scope was derivable hence not needed, but also suggested adding _collection_ to Type information. But then we got sidetracked onto Swiss German. I' haven't seen if we ever decided against that or just forgot about it.



Peter
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
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Phillips, Addison wrote:
> 
> I generally agree with the idea that having some of this 
> ancillary information in the registry would be useful. 
> However, the 'Type' field isn't the way to do this. The 
> 'Type' field indicates what kind of subtag it is.
> 
> Instead, I would suggest that we include some more 
> meta-information in specific fields in the registry. For 
> example, we could have a 'Source' field to indicate where a 
> record came from and an Attribute field for derived 
> attributes. Here's what our record collection might contain:
> 
> Type: language | extlang | script | region | variant | grandfathered | redundant

Well, I still hope that the extlang stuff is not really coming back...

> Subtag | Tag: <value>
> Added: <date>
> Deprecated: <date>
> Prefix: <value>
> Suppress-Script: <value>
> Description: <text>
> Source: ISO639-1 | ISO639-2 | ISO639-3 | ISO639-5 | ISO3166-1 | ISO15924 | registration

ISO639-2 would be retargeted (per "Type: language" subtag) as either ISO639-3
or ISO639-5 now, would they not? Given that, IIUC, the codes in ISO 639-2 by
necessity are also registered as ISO 639-3 or ISO 639-5 codes, and LTRU II are
retargeting from ISO 639-2 to ISO 639-3 and (hopefully also) ISO 639-5.

UNM49 (or similar "source code") should be there too, should it not?

> Attribute: macrolanguage | collection | ...

Maybe "Kind: individual | macrolanguage | collection" (required for "Type:
language", not allowed for other "Type"s. I would not recommend anything
similar for, say, region codes. Nit: And move it up to just after "Type". 


		/kent k

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Leif Halvard Silli scripsit:

> +1 one for "Type: macrolanguage" and "Type: language collection".
> 
> Being explicist is good. For example, the "no" code cannot be used 
> for spell-checking unless you assume that it means either "nn" or 
> "nb".

The same is true of "en" and "de".

-- 
Where the wombat has walked,            John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
it will inevitably walk again.          http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
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John Cowan 2008-06-01 21.29:

> Leif Halvard Silli scripsit:
> 
>> +1 one for "Type: macrolanguage" and "Type: language collection".
>> 
>> Being explicist is good. For example, the "no" code cannot be used 
>> for spell-checking unless you assume that it means either "nn" or 
>> "nb".
> 
> The same is true of "en" and "de".


You mean that you cannot use "en" to spellcheck "de" unless you 
assume that "en" means "de".

However, with 'no' there is a very likely risk that someone thinks 
that 'no' is spesific enough. And that, or similar risks, exist 
for all macrolanguages.

The same is not true of "en" and "de".
-- 
leif halvard silli
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On Tue, May 27, 2008 at 04:06:07PM -0400,
 John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org> wrote 
 a message of 18 lines which said:

>  Are there any obvious errors in the English version?

No. No problem.

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> Arrggh.  I hate all this cherry-picking, even though it seems to be our 
> only path to internal agreement: no extlangs except for 'zh-*' (and 
> maybe 'sgn-*' and 'ar-*', we can't decide), no more ISO 639-1 codes even 
> if ISO assigns them, add ISO 639-5 codes except for these five.

I should point out that these six are a subset of the ones that 639-5
calls out as possibly problematic.  The other three they footnote have
to do with a dispute about whether "Caucasian" is a genetic grouping
or not, but we don't care about whether collections are genetic, areal,
name-based, or what.

> I should add the one where we add ISO 3166 exceptionally reserved codes 
> except 'UK', which is actually an exception to an exception.  At least 
> that one is based on a rule we already have about not adding exact 
> duplicates at registration time; it applies the rule to RFC 4645bis 
> publication time as well.  Still, it is yet another exception from the 
> ISO standards.

What would be the point of having a separate standard from ISO if we didn't
deviate from it from time to time?  :-)

-- 
John Cowan              cowan@ccil.org          http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Most people are much more ignorant about language than they are about
[other subjects], but they reckon that because they can talk and read and
write, their opinions about talking and reading and writing are as well
informed as anybody's.  And since I have DNA, I'm entitled to carry on at
length about genetics without bothering to learn anything about it.  Not.
                        --Mark Liberman
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>
> I think the idea was, all ISO 639-3 encompassed languages should be
> added to the LSR with a "Macrolanguage" field, but only those with
> a
> macrolanguage mapping to 'zho' (and did we decide about 'ara'?)
> should
> be extlangs.  This should be clarified.

I presented this as an idea for resolving the impasse we seem to face, but it hasn't been ratified anywhere as yet. I think it garnered some support, but await the co-chairs recognition of it as a rough consensus item.

Addison

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> If we want to exclude things, I would rather create a rule that says, 
> for example, "collection codes are excluded if they have only one member 
> which is already encoded as an individual language," as opposed to just 
> excluding it ad hoc.  That way people can debate the rule, not the 
> expertise of the WG members.

I'm okay with that as a PR measure (along with "if their members are already
coded as a macrolanguage"), but as I carefully said, there is no *official*
list of which languages are in what collections.  Ethnologue serves as a
guideline, but it is not directly part of 639.

-- 
John Cowan  cowan@ccil.org   http://ccil.org/~cowan
Promises become binding when there is a meeting of the minds and consideration
is exchanged. So it was at King's Bench in common law England; so it was
under the common law in the American colonies; so it was through more than
two centuries of jurisprudence in this country; and so it is today.
       --Specht v. Netscape
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2008 11:28:00 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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I support 'sgn'... I also note that it was in draft-09 (draft-10 removed extlang), so I'm having to deal with it as a previous consensus item.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org]
> Sent: Sunday, June 01, 2008 11:21 AM
> To: Phillips, Addison
> Cc: Doug Ewell; LTRU Working Group; John Cowan
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
>
> Phillips, Addison scripsit:
>
> > I presented this as an idea for resolving the impasse we seem to
> face,
> > but it hasn't been ratified anywhere as yet. I think it garnered
> > some support, but await the co-chairs recognition of it as a
> rough
> > consensus item.
>
> Among the people who are willing to compromise at all, I think
> there is
> strong support for 'zh', weak support for 'sgn' (maybe only from
> me),
> and no support for 'ar' (you mentioned it as a hypothetical).
>
> --
> An observable characteristic is not necessarily         John Cowan
> a functional requirement.  --John Hudson
> cowan@ccil.org
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> I presented this as an idea for resolving the impasse we seem to face,
> but it hasn't been ratified anywhere as yet. I think it garnered
> some support, but await the co-chairs recognition of it as a rough
> consensus item.

Among the people who are willing to compromise at all, I think there is
strong support for 'zh', weak support for 'sgn' (maybe only from me),
and no support for 'ar' (you mentioned it as a hypothetical).

-- 
An observable characteristic is not necessarily         John Cowan
a functional requirement.  --John Hudson                cowan@ccil.org
_______________________________________________
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Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2008 15:08:32 -0400
To: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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Peter Constable scripsit:

> Between 639-5 and 639-3, it looks like 639-2 would be redundant for
> our purposes.

Almost.  The four special code elements 'mis', 'mul', 'und', and 'zxx'
are in -2 but not -5 or -3, and in principle new code elements of this
type could be added to -2.  So we can't completely exclude adding subtags
from -2.

-- 
John Cowan    cowan@ccil.org    http://ccil.org/~cowan
        Sound change operates regularly to produce irregularities;
        analogy operates irregularly to produce regularities.
                --E.H. Sturtevant, ca. 1945, probably at Yale
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From: "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> I assume that for -5 there is a rule that the codes are in the same
> "namespace" as 639-3 codes. 

That is true.

> But I would like some firmer recording in the LSR of the fact that a
> code is a collection/family code (rather than relying on "languages"
> or "(family)" being part of the name, or just referring back to 639-5).
> Something like "Type: language collection" or similar.

+1

> Pushing this a
> bit, macrolanguages should similarly be explicitly recorded as such
> (rather than just implicitly), by something like "Type: macrolanguage"

I think that's just an invitation to error: it violates the DRY rule.

-- 
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Kent Karlsson <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>, "'LTRU Working Group'"
	<ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2008 09:37:16 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE:  ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
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I generally agree with the idea that having some of this ancillary information in the registry would be useful. However, the 'Type' field isn't the way to do this. The 'Type' field indicates what kind of subtag it is.

Instead, I would suggest that we include some more meta-information in specific fields in the registry. For example, we could have a 'Source' field to indicate where a record came from and an Attribute field for derived attributes. Here's what our record collection might contain:

Type: language | extlang | script | region | variant | grandfathered | redundant
Subtag | Tag: <value>
Added: <date>
Deprecated: <date>
Prefix: <value>
Suppress-Script: <value>
Description: <text>
Source: ISO639-1 | ISO639-2 | ISO639-3 | ISO639-5 | ISO3166-1 | ISO15924 | registration
Attribute: macrolanguage | collection | ...
Comments: <text>

Thoughts?

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Kent Karlsson
> Sent: Sunday, June 01, 2008 4:43 AM
> To: 'LTRU Working Group'
> Subject: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code addition
> rules...)
>
> Doug Ewell wrote:
> > I know some WG members will argue that collection codes are Evil,
> in
> > which case I would respond that perhaps we need to think beyond
> Web
> > servers and spell-checkers.  Our intent is for language tags to
> be
> > useful for a wide variety of applications, and as far as I know -
> -
> > despite the horror stories -- collection codes haven't caused
> major
> > tagging problems since 2001 (publication date of RFC 3066,
> > which first allowed them).
>
> I assume that for -5 there is a rule that the codes are in the same
> "namespace" as 639-3 codes. In that case, I would not at all mind
> including the "new" -5 code elements (but I'm a bit hesitant to
> exclude some of them based on a not-sure-to-be-correct coverage
> analysis). I also don't mind making collection/family codes
> inclusive,
> i.e. exclude the "(other)", as Peter mentioned.
>
> But I would like some firmer recording in the LSR of the fact that
> a
> code is a collection/family code (rather than relying on
> "languages"
> or "(family)" being part of the name, or just referring back to
> 639-5).
> Something like "Type: language collection" or similar. Pushing this
> a
> bit, macrolanguages should similarly be explicitly recorded as such
> (rather than just implicitly), by something like "Type:
> macrolanguage"
> instead of just "Type: language". I know there is a way of
> inferring
> this information, but it is better to be explicit, and not need to
> infer that information or refer back to the -3 registry. IIUC, this
> would leave "Type: language" for individual languages only.
>
> I'm not suggesting any formal restrictions on the use of language
> collection/family codes, beyond the informal warning we have
> already.
> I'm sure some of the (non-new) collection codes have been used to
> language tag documents in languages not covered by the LSR yet
> (but will be, once LTRU II finishes...) with an individual language
> code.
>
>         /kent k
>
> _______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> We just need to be clear that 'sgn' as a prefix for extlangs would be 
> our own doing, and would not be based on 'sgn' being an ISO 639-3 
> macrolanguage, since it is not one.

Indeed.  In fact, I'm in favor of zh- and sgn- precisely because they
have backward-compatibility precedents.

-- 
Man has no body distinct from his soul,              John Cowan
for that called body is a portion of the soul        cowan@ccil.org
discerned by the five senses,                        http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
the chief inlets of the soul in this age.  --William Blake
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Subject: [Ltru] Mailinglist issue (was: 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code
 addition rules...)
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Kent Karlsson 2008-06-01 21.38:

>  
> Phillips, Addison wrote:
>> 
>> I generally agree with the idea that having some of this 
>> ancillary information  [snip]


I'll just not that I have not received Addison's message except as 
part of Kent's reply.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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> >
> > Type: language | extlang | script | region | variant |
> grandfathered | redundant
>
> Well, I still hope that the extlang stuff is not really coming
> back...

Yes, but this seems increasingly remote. However, I think it possible that my suggestion be adopted.

>
> > Subtag | Tag: <value>
> > Added: <date>
> > Deprecated: <date>
> > Prefix: <value>
> > Suppress-Script: <value>
> > Description: <text>
> > Source: ISO639-1 | ISO639-2 | ISO639-3 | ISO639-5 | ISO3166-1 |
> ISO15924 | registration
>
> ISO639-2 would be retargeted (per "Type: language" subtag) as
> either ISO639-3
> or ISO639-5 now, would they not? Given that, IIUC, the codes in ISO
> 639-2 by
> necessity are also registered as ISO 639-3 or ISO 639-5 codes, and
> LTRU II are
> retargeting from ISO 639-2 to ISO 639-3 and (hopefully also) ISO
> 639-5.

Agreed.

>
> UNM49 (or similar "source code") should be there too, should it not?

An oversight on my part. I also forgot to include the Preferred-Value field.

>
> > Attribute: macrolanguage | collection | ...
>
> Maybe "Kind: individual | macrolanguage | collection" (required for
> "Type:
> language", not allowed for other "Type"s. I would not recommend
> anything
> similar for, say, region codes. Nit: And move it up to just after
> "Type".
>

I used 'Attribute' as a generic thing we could add more of in the future.

Best Regards,

Addison
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Leif Halvard Silli scripsit:

> >The same is true of "en" and "de".
> 
> You mean that you cannot use "en" to spellcheck "de" unless you 
> assume that "en" means "de".

Of course not.  I mean that "en" is insufficiently specific to
spell-check: you need at least "en-us", "en-ca", "en-gb", "en-au",
and possibly others.

Likewise, "de-ch" has different spelling from other kinds of "de".

> However, with 'no' there is a very likely risk that someone thinks 
> that 'no' is spesific enough. And that, or similar risks, exist 
> for all macrolanguages.

And for all pluricentric languages whether macro- or not.

-- 
John Cowan   <cowan@ccil.org>   http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
One time I called in to the central system and started working on a big
thick 'sed' and 'awk' heavy duty data bashing script.  One of the geologists
came by, looked over my shoulder and said 'Oh, that happens to me too.
Try hanging up and phoning in again.'  --Beverly Erlebacher
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>
> > Leif Halvard Silli scripsit:
> >
> >> +1 one for "Type: macrolanguage" and "Type: language collection".
> >>
> >> Being explicist is good. For example, the "no" code cannot be
> used
> >> for spell-checking unless you assume that it means either "nn"
> or
> >> "nb".
> >
> > The same is true of "en" and "de".
>
>
> You mean that you cannot use "en" to spellcheck "de" unless you
> assume that "en" means "de".

No: he means that you cannot spellcheck "en" until you know if it is "en-US", "en-GB", "en-CA", etc. Similarly, there are German differences.

>
> However, with 'no' there is a very likely risk that someone thinks
> that 'no' is spesific enough. And that, or similar risks, exist
> for all macrolanguages.

That or similar risks exist for many, many languages. It is not at all inherent to macrolanguages. It isn't even necessarily a feature of macrolanguages.

>
> The same is not true of "en" and "de".

Which of these is spelled correctly: jail, gaol? How about: tire, tyre? Or: color, colour?

Addison
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To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2008 13:44:48 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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>
> > We just need to be clear that 'sgn' as a prefix for extlangs
> would be
> > our own doing, and would not be based on 'sgn' being an ISO 639-3
> > macrolanguage, since it is not one.
>
> Indeed.  In fact, I'm in favor of zh- and sgn- precisely because
> they have backward-compatibility precedents.

Hence the compromise. I think the backward-compatibility case is far more compelling than the macrolanguage case.

Addison
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
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John Cowan 2008-06-01 22.23:

> Leif Halvard Silli scripsit:
> =

>> >The same is true of "en" and "de".
>> =

>> You mean that you cannot use "en" to spellcheck "de" unless you =

>> assume that "en" means "de".
> =

> Of course not.  I mean that "en" is insufficiently specific to
> spell-check: you need at least "en-us", "en-ca", "en-gb", "en-au",
> and possibly others.
> =

> Likewise, "de-ch" has different spelling from other kinds of "de".
> =

>> However, with 'no' there is a very likely risk that someone thinks =

>> that 'no' is spesific enough. And that, or similar risks, exist =

>> for all macrolanguages.
> =

> And for all pluricentric languages whether macro- or not.

One could claim that whether "whichever" tag is enough, depends of =

the available tags. (We have for instance had many spelling =

reforms both for Bokm=E5l and Nynorsk, but have no tags for this.)

However, was this only an argument against my argument?

Or was it an argument against adding a field in the registry which =

tells whether the tag represents a macrolanguage, a collection or =

an individual language?
-- =

leif halvard silli
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
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Phillips, Addison 2008-06-01 22.43:

>>> The same is true of "en" and "de".
>> 
>> 
>> You mean that you cannot use "en" to spellcheck "de" unless
>> you assume that "en" means "de".
> 
> No: he means that you cannot spellcheck "en" until you know if
> it is "en-US", "en-GB", "en-CA", etc. Similarly, there are
> German differences.


Here you give me the correct interpretation of his letter.

[ snip ]

>> The same is not true of "en" and "de".
> 
> Which of these is spelled correctly: jail, gaol? How about:
> tire, tyre? Or: color, colour?

Here you answer me, as if I had the correct interpretation of his 
letter.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
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John Cowan 2008-06-01 21.11:

> Kent Karlsson scripsit:


>> But I would like some firmer recording in the LSR of the fact that a
>> code is a collection/family code (rather than relying on "languages"
>> or "(family)" being part of the name, or just referring back to 639-5).
>> Something like "Type: language collection" or similar.
> 
> +1
> 
>> Pushing this a
>> bit, macrolanguages should similarly be explicitly recorded as such
>> (rather than just implicitly), by something like "Type: macrolanguage"
> 
> I think that's just an invitation to error: it violates the DRY rule.

Don't Repeat Yourself. However, if as Addisin proposed, this info 
should go into a separate Attribute field, then I can't see how 
the Macrolanguage attribute/information can be skipped.
-- 
leif halvard sili
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: 'LTRU Working Group' <ltru@ietf.org>,
	Kent Karlsson <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
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Leif Halvard Silli scripsit:

> One could claim that whether "whichever" tag is enough, depends of =

> the available tags. (We have for instance had many spelling =

> reforms both for Bokm=E5l and Nynorsk, but have no tags for this.)

Quite so.  If someone feels the need for them, they can be registered.

> However, was this only an argument against my argument?

Yes.

> Or was it an argument against adding a field in the registry which =

> tells whether the tag represents a macrolanguage, a collection or =

> an individual language?

It was not.

-- =

John Cowan  cowan@ccil.org   http://ccil.org/~cowan
"The exception proves the rule."  Dimbulbs think: "Your counterexample prov=
es
my theory."  Latin students think "'Probat' means 'tests': the exception pu=
ts
the rule to the proof."  But legal historians know it means "Evidence for an
exception is evidence of the existence of a rule in cases not excepted from=
."
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
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Doug Ewell wrote:
> If I remember correctly, what I suggested was to add a "Scope" field to 
> the Registry that would reflect both the Scope and Language_Type fields 
> in the ISO 639-3 database.  This would be something like "macrolanguage" 
> for macrolanguages, "special" for things like 'mis' and 'mul', 
> "collection" for collection codes, and other terms like "extinct" and 
> "constructed" and "historic" as indicated by 639-3.  The most common 
> scope/type combination by far ("individual, living") would be 
> indicated by the absence of a Scope field.  All of this would be 
> strictly tied to ISO 639-3, ...

Well, as others noted (and I forgot about) there are some "special"
codes from ISO 639-2 which do not occur in -3 and maybe not -5 either
(not sure about the latter). And collection codes would be tied to
-5 (rather than -2, assuming we concur to adopt -5) since they do not
occur in -3. So not all of that can be strictly tied to -3.

	/kent k

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[warning: this is very long]


On May 27, Debbie wrote:

> > > we should consider each of the applications of language tags:
> > > identification, lookup, filtering, and Accept-Language, and
> > be able to
> > > have a reasoned judgment on the technical merits
> >
> > I would only add: we need to do this with *carefully*
> > reasoned judgment, pausing to make sure the arguments
> > presented really do stand up.
>
> I think this is probably a good way forward.  It would be best to start
> a new thread for each application.  I would also add backward
> compatibility and historical usage to the pot.

In the spirit of this, I'm going to attempt some analysis here of Chinese t=
ags. I'm putting this all in one mail rather than separate threads per appl=
ication since I'm organizing what I write around different conceptual categ=
ories and their corresponding tags rather than by applications. There are l=
ots of details to sift, and in trying to get something put down and sent ou=
t I know I haven't done as careful analysis as could be done -- certainly I=
 haven't gotten much past cataloguing lots of facts.

I hope this will be useful, and that responses will take the analysis furth=
er. If you want to go on a tangent, please start a different thread.



On May 29, Karen wrote:

> here's my real-world Chinese language list:
>
> Chinese (Variant Unknown)
> Chinese (Cantonese, Spoken)
...

I gather Karen's approach here has been to take different "Chinese" categor=
ies of interest to her and consider what tag would be recommended for each =
under different proposals we might adopt. I'd like to approach things from =
a different direction for a moment: list what "Chinese" tags would be avail=
able under each of three proposals and consider what we might say about eac=
h tag.

The three proposals are (1) extlang, (2) no-extlang, (3) mixed: extlang, bu=
t with IDs for encompassed languages also allowed in first-subtag position.



Before proceeding, I'll briefly review matching processes and scenarios:

- Filtering returns a number of records from a (typically sizeable) corpus.=
 Here, a record tagged with greater specificity than was indicated in the q=
uery can always be returned (e.g., if user asks for en, then en-GB is certa=
inly valid); relevance of record that are tagged more generically (e.g., en=
 when user asked specifically for en-GB) is very much in question. A Web se=
arch would be a typical scenario in which filtering is appropriate.

- Lookup returns a single record that is a best match for some language req=
uest. Here, it is appropriate for a user to indicate very specific preferen=
ces and then to match that as best as possible, returning a more-genericall=
y-tagged resource if needed. (E.g. if user asks for en-GB is best, but en i=
s certainly appropriate if no en-GB resource is available.) Software UI and=
 Web sites are typical examples in which lookup is appropriate.

Considerations for macrolanguages in filtering: if a user specifies the mac=
rolanguage, the result set may vary considerably in relevance if encompasse=
d languages are not mutually intelligible; and if there is a predominant la=
nguage, records in that may be relevant for all while records in other lang=
uages will be relevant only for certain users -- though there may be many f=
ewer records in other languages. If a record is tagged for the macrolanguag=
e, then it is likely in a predominant language that may be relevant to spea=
kers of any of the encompassed languages (probably true for more developed =
languages such as Chinese, but not necessarily true for less developed lang=
uage-nets, such as Ojibwa).


In lookup scenarios, the number of language varieties for a given resource =
is likely managed as a relatively small set; across a number of resources, =
the number of language varieties may still be limited, or there may be a ve=
ry divers set of varieties. For instance, in a closed system such as UI res=
ources for a software title, the number of varieties overall will be limite=
d, and the number of varieties for a single resource may be much smaller. (=
E.g. there may be resources for en-GB, but there probably won't be resource=
s for a lot of English dialects; and as for distinct languages, 100 would b=
e exceptionally high.) In an open system such as the Web, a given site will=
 likely support a limited set of varieties, though across the Web there are=
 a lot more varieties represented. (E.g. there are going to be sites in man=
y English dialects (though not necessarily tagged distinctly), and there ar=
e going to be sites in very many distinct languages.)

Considerations for macrolanguages in lookup: If a user specifies the macrol=
anguage, only resources tagged exactly the same way will match. If a user s=
pecifies an encompassed language, resources tagged for either the encompass=
ed language or the macrolanguage will match. Since resources must be in som=
e particular variety, it may not make sense to tag resources for the macrol=
anguage unless all the encompassed varieties really are mutual intelligible=
, or unless the resources are in a predominant language acceptable to speak=
ers of all encompassed languages.



OK, now let's look at "Chinese" tags that would be available under differen=
t proposals. I won't give fully exhaustive lists (e.g. won't give tags invo=
lving every possible Region subtag), but will cover all the relevant cases =
with one or more representatives.

Here's the list -- since this will likely get wrapped and be hard to read, =
I'm also attaching a txt:


extlang          no-extlang    mixed                          meaning      =
                        Notes
---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-------------------------------
zh               zh            zh                             'Chinese'    =
                        (1)
zh-CN            zh-CN         zh-CN                          'Chinese as u=
sed in PRC'             (2)
zh-TW            zh-TW         zh-TW                          'Chinese as u=
sed in TW'              (3)
zh-HK            zh-HK         zh-HK                          'Chinese as u=
sed in Hong Kong'
zh-Hant          zh-Hant       zh-Hant                        'Chinese, Tdn=
l writing'              (4)
zh-Hans          zh-Hans       zh-Hans                        'Chinese, Sim=
p writing'              (4)
zh-Hant-CN       zh-Hant-CN    zh-Hant-CN                     'Chinese, Tdn=
l as used in PRC'       (4)
zh-Hans-CN       zh-Hans-CN    zh-Hans-CN                     'Chinese, Sim=
p as used in PRC'       (4)
zh-Hant-TW       zh-Hant-TW    zh-Hant-TW                     'Chinese, Tdn=
l as used in Taiwan'    (4)
zh-Hans-TW       zh-Hans-TW    zh-Hans-TW                     'Chinese, Sim=
p as used in Taiwan'    (4)
zh-cmn           zh-cmn        zh-cmn                         'Mandarin'   =
                        (4)(6)
                 cmn           cmn                            'Mandarin'   =
                        (7)
zh-yue           zh-yue        zh-yue                         'Cantonese'  =
                        (5)(6)
                 yue           yue                            'Cantonese'  =
                        (7)
zh-cmn-Hant      zh-cmn-Hant   zh-cmn-Hant                    'Mandarin, Td=
nl writing'             (4)(6)
                 cmn-Hant      cmn-Hant                       'Mandarin, Td=
nl writing'             (7)
zh-cmn-Hans      zh-cmn-Hans   zh-cmn-Hans                    'Mandarin, Si=
mp writing'             (4)(6)
                 cmn-Hans      cmn-Hans                       'Mandarin, Si=
mp writing'             (7)
zh-yue-Hant      yue-Hant      zh-yue-Hant / yue-Hant         'Cantonese, T=
dnl writing'            (7)
zh-yue-Hans      yue-Hans      zh-yue-Hans / yue-Hans         'Cantonese, S=
imp writing'            (7)
zh-cmn-CN        cmn-CN        zh-cmn-CN / cmn-CN             'Madarin as u=
sed in PRC'             (7)
zh-cmn-TW        cmn-TW        zh-cmn-TW / cmn-TW             'Mandarin as =
used in Taiwan'         (7)
zh-yue-CN        yue-CN        zh-yue-CN / yue-CN             'Cantonese as=
 used in PRC'           (7)
zh-yue-HK        yue-HK        zh-yue-HK / yue-HK             'Cantonese as=
 used in Hong Kong'     (7)
zh-cmn-Hant-CN   cmn-Hant-CN   zh-cmn-Hant-CN / cmn-Hant-CN   'Mandarin, Td=
nl as used in PRC'      (7)
zh-cmn-Hans-CN   cmn-Hans-CN   zh-cmn-Hans-CN / cmn-Hans-CN   'Mandarin, Si=
mp as used in PRC'      (7)
zh-cmn-Hant-TW   cmn-Hant-TW   zh-cmn-Hant-TW / cmn-Hant-TW   'Mandarin, Td=
nl as used in Taiwan'   (7)
zh-cmn-Hans-TW   cmn-Hans-TW   zh-cmn-Hans-TW / cmn-Hans-TW   'Mandarin, Si=
mp as used in Taiwan'   (7)
zh-yue-Hant-CN   yue-Hant-CN   zh-yue-Hant-CN / yue-Hant-CN   'Cantonese, T=
dnl as used in PRC'     (7)
zh-yue-Hans-CN   yue-Hans-CN   zh-yue-Hans-CN / yue-Hans-CN   'Cantonese, S=
imp as used in PRC'     (7)
zh-yue-Hant-HK   yue-Hant-HK   zh-yue-Hant-HK / yue-Hant-HK   'Cantonese, T=
dnl as used in HK'      (7)
zh-yue-Hans-HK   yue-Hans-HK   zh-yue-Hans-HK / yue-Hans-HK   'Cantonese, S=
imp as used in HK'      (7)


Notes:
1. Most (by far) existing content tagged "zh" is Mandarin. (Not
   clear how much content is tagged simply "zh" rather than
   "zh-CN", etc. or "zh-Hant"/"zh-Hans".)

2. "zh-CN" has often been used to declare content as "Chinese,
   Simp writing" (almost all, of course, being Mandarin), though
   the preferred tag for this, "zh-Hans", has been available
   since mid 2005.

3. "zh-TW" has often been used to declare content as "Chinese,
   Tdnl writing" (almost all, of course, being Mandarin), though
   the preferred tag for this, "zh-Hant", has been available
   since mid 2005.

4. Tag has been available since mid 2005.

5. Tag "zh-yue" has been available since 1999. (Also the case for
   "zh-gan" and "zh-wuu".)

6. Tag is grandfathered in current LSTR.

7. Not valid under RFC 4646.


Of course, some of those possibilities are currently more common than other=
s,* and some are more useful than others. The challenge is to figure out wh=
ich would be recommended under each proposal, and how to handle those that =
might not be generally recommended yet are currently in use and so likely t=
o be encountered.

*(I wonder if Mark can get Web stats on all of these.)



So, let's consider each semantic and the tags available:


"Chinese":

The only tag option is "zh". Because "zh" is widely used and couldn't quick=
ly go away (no matter how hard we might want), we will have to deal with it=
 for some time.

It may be a reasonable choice to use "zh" to tag text content (see more bel=
ow), but it is probably not a good choice for A/V media unless a system is =
closed and providing Mandarin content only.

Apart from maintaining current practice of using "zh" to tag Mandarin conte=
nt, it is unclear how it would ever be useful to tag content as "Chinese". =
There may scenarios in which it would be useful for a user to request "Chin=
ese" in filtering or lookup queries, though association between "zh" and Ma=
ndarin in existing usage limits feasibility of using "zh" to indicate a tru=
ly general "Chinese" request.

In filtering, users that ask for "zh" probably want Mandarin or would consi=
der Mandarin acceptable, so content tagged "zh-cmn*" or "cmn*" is probably =
relevant, while content tagged "zh-yue"/"zh-gan"/etc. (or "yue"/"gan"/etc.)=
 has a much lower likelihood of being relevant. In a no-extlang paradigm, "=
zh" records should probably be returned when "cmn" is requested, but not fo=
r requests of "yue"/"gan"/etc.; search engines would need to understand the=
 relationship between "zh" and "cmn". Going into the future, increased impo=
rtance of Cantonese (especially for A/V media) suggests that "zh" should be=
 discouraged, though transition will be feasible only if requests for "zh" =
get appropriate results.

Wrt lookup, in a closed system there are no problems using "zh" if only Man=
darin resources are provided; it may not be a problem to use for Mandarin i=
f both Mandarin and Cantonese resources are provided -- because the system =
is closed -- but that's probably not a good choice. For Web sites, many may=
 use "zh", and many browsers may send requests for "zh". In a no-extlang pa=
radigm requests for "cmn" should match "zh", and "cmn" sites should match "=
zh" requests; the implication is that browsers should send both "cmn" and "=
zh", and "cmn" shouldn't be used for a site unless the server can match "zh=
".



"Chinese as used in PRC/Taiwan/etc."

The only tag options are "zh-CN"/"zh-TW"/etc. As noted, these have been use=
d in the past to indicate (Mandarin) content in Simp or Tdnl writing. This =
is definitely to be discouraged, and hopefully is on the decline. Such tags=
 continue to be used as locale IDs in software systems, and that would take=
 some time to phase out (assuming that's feasible). Because of such usage i=
n the wild we will need to deal with these tags for some time.

Apart from such legacy usage, these categories/tags probably are not that u=
seful, and even if there were usefulness for a user to make a request in te=
rms of the generic "Chinese" language but for a specific region, the associ=
ation between "zh" and Mandarin limits feasibility of making such a general=
 request.

In filtering, users that ask for "zh-??" probably want Mandarin or would co=
nsider Mandarin acceptable. Comments for "Chinese" above are applicable, mo=
dulo the added consideration regarding writing system. Users that ask for "=
zh-CN" or zh-SG probably want Simp or would find that acceptable, so record=
s tagged "zh-Hans*", "zh-cmn-Hans*" (or "cmn-Hans*") would probably have hi=
gh relevance. On the other hand, users that ask for "zh-TW", "zh-HK" or "zh=
-MO" probably want Tdnl or would find that acceptable, so records tagged "z=
h-Hant*", "zh-cmn-Hant*" (or "cmn-Hant*") would probably have high relevanc=
e. Similarly, users that ask for "zh-Hant"/"zh-cmn-Hant"/"cmn-Hant" would p=
robably find records tagged "zh-TW" highly relevant; mutatis mutandi for "*=
-Hans" and "zh-CN".

Wrt lookup: these categories/tags should not be used. In closed systems, th=
ey could be used for Simp/Tdnl resources, or these tags used as locale IDs =
could map to more preferred tags -- "zh-Hant", or "zh-cmn-Hans"/"cmn-Hans",=
 or "zh-Hant-TW", etc.



"Chinese, Tdnl/Simp writing"

The only tag options are "zh-Hant" and "zh-Hans". As noted, these have been=
 available for a few years; they were registered as preferred alternatives =
to "zh-TW" and "zh-CN". It is unclear how much these have been used for con=
tent; they are used in some software platforms (e.g. .Net cultures). Of cou=
rse, existing content would almost be certainly Mandarin. Also, they are ob=
viously relevant for text but not for A/V.

Wrt filtering, see above for association between "zh" and "cmn", and betwee=
n "*-Hant"/"*-Hans" and region subtags.

Wrt lookup: these may be useful in closed systems that support only Mandari=
n, and are definitely preferable to "zh-CN" and "zh-TW". If both Mandarin a=
nd Cantonese resources are supported, it is probably best not to use "zh" t=
o represent Mandarin. Some Web sites or browsers may be using these for Man=
darin; see comments under "Chinese" for some implications.



"Chinese, Tdnl/Simp as used in PRC/Taiwan/etc."
The tag options are the same for all three proposals: "zh-Hant-CN", "zh-Han=
s-CN", "zh-Hant-TW", etc. These have been available for a few years, though=
 it is unclear how much they have been used (my guess: very, very little). =
If they are currently used, "zh" is probably assumed to represent Mandarin.=
 Issues for filtering and lookup described above due to this association be=
tween "zh" and Mandarin apply here as well.

Since there is likely little existing usage and these perpetuate issues sur=
rounding "zh" and Mandarin, I don't see any scenario in which it would make=
 sense to use these categories/tags.



"Mandarin", "Cantonese", etc.

For Mandarin, the tag "zh-cmn" would be available under all proposals; the =
no-extlang and mixed proposals would also make "cmn" available. This catego=
ry would be appropriate for A/V content. For text, written form should prob=
ably also be included (i.e. this is probably not a useful category for text=
 scenarios). The tag "zh-cmn" is in use for A/V content (not sure how wides=
pread already, but it is likely growing); it is probably not currently used=
 for text content. Under the no-extlang and mixed proposals, one of "zh-cmn=
" and "cmn" would have to be recommended for A/V scenarios, and the other d=
eprecated in general. While "cmn" would be canonical, it is "zh-cmn" that h=
as prior usage.

Similar comments apply to "Cantonese", "zh-yue" and "yue" (and likewise for=
 other languages -- though not all currently registered tags would become r=
edundant in an extlang paradigm; e.g. "zh-hakka").

The particular case of "Mandarin" has the added complication of existing us=
age of "zh"; the relevant issues are discussed above. In general, the more =
explicit tags "zh-cmn" or "cmn" are preferable when "Mandarin" is intended,=
 though applications need to take the existing use of "zh" into considerati=
on.

Wrt filtering, the extlang/no-extlang decision affects results. For filteri=
ng as spec'd in RFC 4647 in an extlang paradigm, a request for the macrolan=
guage will return any records tagged for the macrolanguage or any encompass=
ed language. Since a request for "zh" is (at least currently) likely intend=
ed to be a request for Mandarin, the result set would include any records i=
n other encompassed languages -- generally, probably low relevance, but als=
o probably low frequency. Reversing things, if "zh-cmn" is requested, it is=
 probably appropriate to return records tagged "zh", though the currently-s=
pec'd algorithm would not do that. (Records tagged "zh" also would not be r=
eturned if any other encompassed language is requested -- which is probably=
 appropriate.) In a paradigm of no-extlang 4646bis, "zh" would not match fo=
r records tagged for any encompassed language by the currently-spec'd algor=
ithm. The filtering algorithm would have to be modified or tailored to get =
a match between "zh" and "cmn".

Wrt lookup also, the extlang/no-extlang decision affects results. With extl=
ang, a request for any encompassed language would match resources tagged "z=
h". This could potentially lead to missing preferred matches. Thus, suppose=
 a user indicated a preference for "zh-yue" then "zh-gan", and after that "=
zh-cmn" or "zh"; and supposed the available resources included resources ta=
gged "zh-gan" and "zh": the match would be on "zh", not "zh-gan". In a no-e=
xtlang 4646bis paradigm, none of the tags for encompassed languages match "=
zh". This would avoid the problem just described, but it also means that "c=
mn" would not match "zh" -- unless the algorithm were modified or tailored.




"Mandarin, Tdnl/Simp writing"/"Cantonese, Tdnl/Simp writing"/etc.

As above, the currently-available tags for Mandarin would remain available =
under all proposals: "zh-cmn-Hant" and "zh-cmn-Hans"; the no-extlang and mi=
xed proposals would add "cmn-Hant" and "cmn-Hans". These categories are app=
ropriate for text but not A/V scenarios. Of course, in text scenarios "zh-H=
ant"/"zh-Hans" have been used to represent these categories (due to the ass=
ociation between "zh" and Mandarin). Tags using "cmn" should be recommended=
 in general, but applications need to take the legacy tags into considerati=
on. Under the extlang and mixed proposals, a choice to recommend one of "zh=
-cmn-Han?" or "cmn-Han?" and to deprecate the other would be needed.

Some, but not all, of these comments apply to Cantonese, "zh-yue-Han?" and =
"yue-Han?". No tags were registered in the past, and so no issues with syno=
nyms will arise: either "zh-yue-Han?" will become available, or "yue-Han?" =
will become available, but not both. (These comments apply for the other Ch=
inese languages as well.)

In a no-extlang or mixed paradigm, there would be alternate tags for a sing=
le category (e.g., "zh-cmn-Hans" and "cmn-Hans"); for each such pair, a cho=
ice would need to be made to recommend one and deprecate the other. In the =
no-extlang paradigm, such a pair would exist only for Mandarin; in that cas=
e, consistency would argue for recommending "cmn-Han?" rather than "zh-cmn-=
Han?". In the mixed paradigm, however, such pairs would exist for every lan=
guage.

In filtering, users that ask for "zh-Han?" probably want Mandarin or would =
consider Mandarin acceptable. In this case, the filtering algorithm spec'd =
in RFC 4647 would not provide a match for content tagged either as "zh-cmn-=
Han?" or as "cmn-Han?"; that algorithm would need to be tailored or modifie=
d. If users request "zh-cmn", the current algorithm would match content tag=
ged "zh-cmn-Han?" but not if tagged "cmn-Han?". (Mutatis mutandi for "zh-yu=
e-Han?", etc.) If no-extlang tags are used in the request, e.g. "cmn", then=
 only no-extlang tags ("cmn", "cmn-CN", "cmn-Hans", etc.) would be matched =
unless the algorithm were tailored or modified.

In lookup, a request for "zh-cmn-Han?" would match content tagged "zh-cmn" =
or "zh"; but there would not be a match in the more useful case of "zh-Han?=
" unless the current algorithm were tailored or modified. Also requests inv=
olving other languages, such as "zh-yue-Han?" could produce a match on reso=
urces tagged "zh", possibly missing a preferred match -- see the scenario d=
iscussed in previous section. (Since these are text scenarios, there is pot=
ential consolation in that "zh" resources are likely to be acceptable, prov=
ided the text follows the user's Tdnl/Simp preference.) In a no-extlang par=
adigm, none of the tags for encompassed languages would match "zh", and so =
this problem is avoided.



"Mandarin as used in PRC/TW/etc." / "Cantonese as used in ..." / etc.

No tags for these categories were ever registered, and so the available tag=
s would depend on the choice between the extlang, no-extlang and mixed prop=
osals: e.g., "zh-cmn-CN" vs. "cmn-CN" vs. "zh-cmn-CN" / "cmn-CN". In the mi=
xed paradigm, there would be two tags available for each semantic, and a ch=
oice would need to be made to recommend one and deprecate the other.

These categories would be useful for A/V scenarios, but not text scenarios.

In filtering, a user requesting "zh" may perhaps want Mandarin, though sinc=
e "zh" is not a great choice for Mandarin for A/V scenarios in general, it =
probably would not be used that way. In this case, "zh" could perhaps be us=
ed for a generic request, and in an extlang paradigm the filtering algorith=
m spec'd in RFC 4647 would treat that generically, matching any tag "zh*". =
It's not really clear when users would want to make such a generic request =
for A/V content, though: users are more likely to specify which particular =
language they want. A request for "zh-cmn" would match records tagged "zh-c=
mn-??" by the spec'd filtering algorithm, but not records tagged "cmn-??". =
Likewise, a request for "cmn" would match recoreds tagged "cmn-??", but not=
 records tagged "zh-cmn-??" (a potential issue only for the mixed paradigm =
since there are no currently registered tags of the form "zh-cmn-??").

In lookup, a request for "zh-cmn-??" would match resources tagged "zh-cmn" =
or "zh"; a request for "cmn-??" would match resources tagged "cmn". The pro=
blem mentioned in the previous two sections of scenarios in which a preferr=
ed match could be missed exists here in an extlang paradigm but not in a no=
-extlang paradigm.



"Mandarin, Tdnl/Simp as used in PRC/TW/etc." / "Cantonese, Tdnl/Simp as..."=
 / etc.

No tags for these categories were ever registered, and so the available tag=
s would depend on the choice between the extlang, no-extlang and mixed prop=
osals: e.g., "zh-cmn-Hans-CN" vs. "cmn-Hans-CN" vs. "zh-cmn-Hans-CN" / "cmn=
-Hans-CN". In the mixed paradigm, there would be two tags available for eac=
h semantic, and a choice would need to be made to recommend one and depreca=
te the other.

These categories would be useful for text scenarios, but not A/V scenarios.

In filtering, a user requesting "zh" probably wants Mandarin or would find =
Mandarin acceptable. In an extlang paradigm, this request would match "zh-c=
mn-Han?-??". It would also match "zh-yue-Han?-??" (or "zh-gan-Han?-??", etc=
.), which would likely be of low relevance, but also of low frequency. In a=
 no-extlang paradigm, "zh" would not match the tags for these categories (e=
.g. "cmn-Hans-CN") unless the spec'd algorithm were tailored or modified.

If a user requests "zh-cmn" (or "zh-yue"), the categories from this set the=
y would get matches on would be relevant in terms of language (though maybe=
 not written form); this would happen using the RFC 4647 algorithm as is in=
 an extlang paradigm, but tailoring or modification would be needed in a no=
-extlang paradigm.

If a user requests "zh-Han?", they probably want Mandarin or would find Man=
darin acceptable. The spec'd algorithm would not produces matches for any o=
f the potential tags for these categories in under any of the proposals unl=
ess the algorithm were tailored or modified.

In lookup, a request for "zh-cmn-Han?-??" would match resources tagged "zh-=
cmn-Han?" or "zh-cmn" or "zh"; a request for "cmn-Han?-??" would match reso=
urces tagged "cmn-Han?" or "cmn". The problem mentioned in the previous sec=
tions of scenarios in which a preferred match could be missed exists here i=
n an extlang paradigm but not in a no-extlang paradigm.





All this needs further refinement and processing to get to some useful conc=
lusions, but I've gone on long enough for one reading. I'll stop here for n=
ow.

Peter

--_002_DDB6DE6E9D27DD478AE6D1BBBB8357956333544276NAEXMSGC117re_
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 2008 18:17:29 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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> From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org]


> > Between 639-5 and 639-3, it looks like 639-2 would be redundant for
> > our purposes.
>
> Almost.  The four special code elements 'mis', 'mul', 'und', and 'zxx'
> are in -2 but not -5 or -3, and in principle new code elements of this
> type could be added to -2.  So we can't completely exclude adding
> subtags from -2.

They are in -3, actually, and I'd expect any added specials to be in both.

(The text of -3 is a bit inconsistent re this and could be improved.)



Peter
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
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Dear Addison,

> I used 'Attribute' as a generic thing we could add more of in the future.

Attributes tend to be key value pairs. If there is no key, then that information should be implicit in the field name.

Adding key value pairs would extend the syntax somewhat for minimal immediate gain, so I suggest having a specific field.

Yours,
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Phillips, Addison


> I support 'sgn'... I also note that it was in draft-09 (draft-10
> removed extlang), so I'm having to deal with it as a previous consensus
> item.

There was a previous consensus. I we go back to an extlang model, we should *not* revisit that decision, IMO.



Peter
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> > The JAC has a guideline not to add an alpha-2 in case an alpha-3
> > previously existed, though that is not a binding rule. The JAC has
> > also informally agreed to adopt a very high bar for alpha-2 additions,
> > making new alpha-2 additions less likely.
>
> ... was that it might be better if ISO 639-* changed that to a binding
> rule: no more alpha-2's, period.

Well, since the JAC can't control what TCs 37 and 46 might choose to do, the JAC can't make any binding guarantee. The best we can do is set a very high bar, and so far that's sticking.



Peter
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] tags for Chinese
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Peter Constable scripsit:

> - Filtering returns a number of records from a (typically sizeable)
> corpus. Here, a record tagged with greater specificity than was
> indicated in the query can always be returned (e.g., if user asks for
> en, then en-GB is certainly valid); relevance of record that are tagged
> more generically (e.g., en when user asked specifically for en-GB)
> is very much in question. A Web search would be a typical scenario in
> which filtering is appropriate.

Distinguo.

As we have established on this list, filtering is also used when
retrieving from multilingual web sites.  In this context, the corpus is
typically small.  (If filtering produces zero results, some web servers
do lookup instead.)

-- 
John Cowan    http://ccil.org/~cowan  cowan@ccil.org
The Penguin shall hunt and devour all that is crufty, gnarly and
bogacious; all code which wriggles like spaghetti, or is infested with
blighting creatures, or is bound by grave and perilous Licences shall it
capture.  And in capturing shall it replicate, and in replicating shall
it document, and in documentation shall it bring freedom, serenity and
most cool froodiness to the earth and all who code therein.  --Gospel of Tux
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> I hadn't realized, although it makes sense in retrospect, that 639-5
> doesn't have the special codes that 639-2 has (especially since I don't
> have a copy of 639-5).  So yes, we will still need to reference -2 as
> well as -3 and -5

Look at the data file from 639-3: the special-purpose categories are in 639-3.



Peter
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
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Doug Ewell 2008-06-02 08.27:

> [...] Given this, we could add an optional "Scope" field (or 
> pick a better name) to language and extlang records in the LSR
> with exactly one of the following values, with no ambiguity:
> 

> - ancient
> - collective (or "collection")
> - constructed
> - extinct
> - historic
> - local
> - macrolanguage
> - special


> Alternatively, if combining the fields is too distasteful for some, we 
> could add separate "Language-Type" and "Scope" [...]

With a clear name, one field can be better than two.

As for the name, "which/what scope" is not the first question I 
would ask first in order to learn which of those values that fits.

Whereas "what kind (of language)" seems natural. Hence Kent's 
mention of "kind" has my support.

Another, clear name is "Kind-of-language", unless a 3-word-name is 
out of scope.

(If feel that "type" goes more on the linguistic features of the 
language -- if anyone wonders how I compare "language-type" and 
"kind-of-language".)
-- 
leif halvard silli
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Okay, here is Doug's proposal the way I understand it, in table form
(please use non-proportional font to view it):
[by the way, I like Addison's proposal, too]

(Language-)Type  Scope          Number   Examples         Proposal Doug

Ancient          Individual                               Ancient
Constructed      Individual                               Constructed
Extinct          Individual                               Extinct
Historic         Individual                               Historic
Living           Individual                               -
Living           Macrolanguage                            Macrolanguage
Special          Special        4        mis/mul/und/zxx  Special
-                Collective     113                       Collecti(ve|on)
-                Local          520                       Local

I think this goes into the right direction. I'm not sure I understand
the distinction between Ancient, Extincts, and Historic, but I don't
bother. I'm marginally affraid that we will have to reopen the WG
if in the future, there is a case where the above scheme fails.
Therefore, I suggest to clarify by saying (very roughly) "the *Foo*
field contains the information in the Type and Scope fields of ISO 639-3.
Values of 'Living' for 'Type' and 'Individual' for Scope are default
and therefore omitted. If both values are the same, only one word is
used. The order of the values is undefined. If the field is empty,
it is not used."

This would give us the freedom to have
   Language-Type: Ancient Macrolanguage
or
   Language-Type: Macrolanguage Ancient
if something like that ever becomes necessary in the future.

Also, I don't care about Collective vs. Collection (I think we
therefore best leave it as is), but I think changing "Local"
to "Private" would help the readers of the registry, because
that's the general IETF terminology.


Regards,    Martin.


At 15:27 08/06/02, Doug Ewell wrote:
>Here are some statistics, taken from the current ISO 639-3 data, which >may 
>be relevant to my suggestion to create an informative field in the 
> >Registry that combines the "scope of denotation" and "type of language" 
> >fields from 639-3. > >The "scope of denotation" field includes the following 
>values: > >- Collective >- Individual >- Local >- Macrolanguage >- Special > >The 
>"type of language" field includes the following values: > >- Ancient >- 
>Constructed >- Extinct >- Historic >- Living >- Special > >Although these are 
>somewhat disjoint data sets, the data contained >within the two is 
>currently constrained in such as way that it can be >combined into one 
>field, as seen below: > >1. All codes of type "Ancient," "Constructed," 
>"Extinct," and "Historic" >are of scope "Individual." > >2. All codes of 
>scope "Macrolanguage" are of type "Living."  (In fact, >it seems unlikely 
>that a non-living language would be designated a >macrolanguage in the 
>future.) > >3. All codes of scope "Special" are also of type "Special," and 
>vice >versa.  These are 'mis', 'mul', 'und', and 'zxx'. > >4. Codes of scope 
>"Collective" do not have a designated type.  These are >the collection 
>codes traditionally associated with 639-2, and now >unambiguously 
>associated with 639-5.  There are 113 of these. > >5. Codes of scope "Local" 
>do not have a designated type.  These are the >520 private-use codes 'qaa' 
>through 'qtz', which occupy just one listing >in the LSR. > >Given this, we 
>could add an optional "Scope" field (or pick a better >name) to language 
>and extlang records in the LSR with exactly one of the >following values, 
>with no ambiguity: > >- ancient >- collective (or "collection") >- 
>constructed >- extinct >- historic >- local >- macrolanguage >- special > >and 
>omit this field for the language subtags that are "individual" and 
> >"living," which are 89.8% of the total (7019 out of 7816) and thus can >be 
>treated as the default. > >Alternatively, if combining the fields is too 
>distasteful for some, we >could add separate "Language-Type" and "Scope" 
>fields corresponding to >the two ISO 639-3 designations.  In that case, I 
>suggest omitting the >"Language-Type" field when the value is "living," and 
>omitting the >"Scope" field when the value is "individual," since these are 
>the >overwhelming majority and can be treated as defaults. > >-- >Doug Ewell  
>*  Arvada, Colorado, USA  *  RFC 4645  *  UTN 
>#14 >http://www.ewellic.org >http://www1.ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html >http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/ietf-languages 
> $B%R+(B>_______________________________________________ >Ltru mailing 
>list >Ltru@ietf.org >https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltr


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     


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At 04:27 08/06/01, Peter Constable wrote:

>If it's an addition to 639-1, then either it will already have been in 
>639-2, or it is being added to both simultaneously, and it would get 
>announced together. It if is a new addition to 639-3, then likely it is not 
>something that would make it into 639-1. In general, I expect new additions 
>to 639-1 to be pretty rare.
>
>I've suggested before that we could decide that we will never again 
>register something from 639-1. That would eliminate these concerns entirely.

I agree about the probability of further registrations in 639-1.
But my guess is that if anybody manages to get a 'new' language
registered is 639-1, they will have a big interest to be able
to use this two-letter code on the Internet.

Actually, I think the main reason for new 639-1 registrations
will not be discoveries of new languages with big populations
of speakers, but politically motivated splits and changes such
as the Kroatian/Serbian case. I don't think it is possible to
call such cases absurd. Even if we don't see such a case on
the horizon, things can change quite quickly when they change.
So I don't want to rule out further 639-1 registrations.

Regards,    Martin.


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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Doug Ewell wrote:
> 5. Codes of scope "Local" do not have a designated type.  These are the 
> 520 private-use codes 'qaa' through 'qtz', which occupy just 
> one listing in the LSR.

Isn't "local" just another word for "private-use"?

Otherwise Doug's proposal is fine by me.

	/kent k

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[technical hat on]

At 04:38 08/05/30, Phillips, Addison wrote:

>I would like to submit a "modest proposal" for addressing the impasse:
>
>1. Restore a *single* extlang to the ABNF.

This very, very much looks like a compromize. Of course, if we have
at least one language with extlang, we need at least one subtag in
the ABNF, so this is more a consequence of the proposals below than
a proposal in itself.

I personally understand the position of the XML Schema WG, and
I also think that we should not change the wellformedness definition
in RFC 4646, independent of how many (or how few, even zero) extlangs
we use. We have in this WG (though unofficially) produced test data
that includes three extlangs to test implementations, and changing
this doesn't seem to be a good idea to me (I can very quickly change
my implementation, but I have no idea how many or how few downloaded/
deployed there already are).

>2. Keep the Macrolanguage field in the registry for all encompassed 
>languages, which information may be use by implementations however makes 
>the most sense.

Fine with me.

>3. Cherry pick *only* the 'zh' (and possibly the 'ar') encompassed 
>languages for registration as extlangs. This is done in the name of 
>compatibility alone.

I'm personally okay with any kind of selection that would be able to make
the "rough consensus" that we currently have a bit less rough. As I know
there are some people who, for good reasons, don't like cherry-picking,
such a selection, so having a good justification would help.

I have stated my preference for also including 'ar' in a separate thread.
Personally, I'd prefer including all those languages that have a
'dominant' (or whatever the politically/linguistically correct term)
encompassed language.


>4. Permit implementations to treat the 'language' 
>production as atomic (that is, the sequence "zh-yue" MAY be treated as if 
>it were a single subtag but MAY be treated as separate subtags, notably by 
>existing implementations). Note that the 'language' production is the one 
>that includes both the primary and extended language subtags.

That definitely seems to be a very good idea. As far as I understand,
we already allow virtually any kind of modification for matching
provided "you know what you do", but the above definitely adds
a lot of clarity.

Regards,     Martin.


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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At 03:20 08/06/02, John Cowan wrote:
>Phillips, Addison scripsit:
>
>> I presented this as an idea for resolving the impasse we seem to face,
>> but it hasn't been ratified anywhere as yet. I think it garnered
>> some support, but await the co-chairs recognition of it as a rough
>> consensus item.
>
>Among the people who are willing to compromise at all, I think there is
>strong support for 'zh', weak support for 'sgn' (maybe only from me),
>and no support for 'ar' (you mentioned it as a hypothetical).

Just to make sure this is not overlooked, I supported 'ar' in a different
thread.

Regards,    Martin.


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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[co-chair hat on]

I don't think we have enough feedback on this yet to be able
to declare this to be close to consensus. In particular, I
have seen several people that I'd count in the extlang camp
to agree on this, but I haven't seen anybody that I'd count
as being firmly against extlangs commenting. Ultimately,
for a real compromize, we would need support from a significant
number of people from both camps.

On the other hand, I don't remember seeing anybody actively
opposing to this proposal, which is definitely a good sign.
If you have support/comments, or a somewhat different proposal
for a compromize, don't hesitate to send it to the list.

I probably have expressed this before, but I'm also quite a bit
worried that we don't have anybody on this list from one of the
directly affected communities (Chinese, Arabic, Sign Languages,...).

Regards,    Martin.

At 04:38 08/05/30, Phillips, Addison wrote:
>Since:
>
>1. We appear to be stuck.
>2. We (most of us, anyway) would like to see this work completed.
>3. We haven't a compelling-enough technical argument that resolves the issue.
>
>I would like to submit a "modest proposal" for addressing the impasse:
>
>1. Restore a *single* extlang to the ABNF.
>2. Keep the Macrolanguage field in the registry for all encompassed 
>languages, which information may be use by implementations however makes 
>the most sense.
>3. Cherry pick *only* the 'zh' (and possibly the 'ar') encompassed 
>languages for registration as extlangs. This is done in the name of 
>compatibility alone. 4. Permit implementations to treat the 'language' 
>production as atomic (that is, the sequence "zh-yue" MAY be treated as if 
>it were a single subtag but MAY be treated as separate subtags, notably by 
>existing implementations). Note that the 'language' production is the one 
>that includes both the primary and extended language subtags.
>
>Thoughts?
>
>Addison
>
>Addison Phillips
>Globalization Architect -- Lab126
>
>Internationalization is not a feature.
>It is an architecture.
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Ltru mailing list
>Ltru@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp      mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp    

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On Sun, Jun 01, 2008 at 12:00:08AM +0100,
 Debbie Garside <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk> wrote 
 a message of 80 lines which said:

> ISO 639-5 was published on the 15/05/2008

Where can we download it?
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On Sat, May 31, 2008 at 09:46:10AM -0600,
 Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org> wrote 
 a message of 8 lines which said:

> Outlook Express sends my mails as:
> Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="utf-8"; reply-type=original

This is perfectly sensible but, when your message arrives, there is
only the 'text/plain; charset' part, the fact that the message is
flowed (RFC 3676) is lost (may be a broken gateway somewhere).

So, it is not a surprise if I have the same problem than Martin with
your messages.
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2008 07:18:42 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] a modest proposal...
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Martin wrote:

> >1. Restore a *single* extlang to the ABNF.
>
> This very, very much looks like a compromize. Of course, if we have
> at least one language with extlang, we need at least one subtag in
> the ABNF, so this is more a consequence of the proposals below than
> a proposal in itself.
>
> I personally understand the position of the XML Schema WG, and
> I also think that we should not change the wellformedness
> definition
> in RFC 4646, independent of how many (or how few, even zero)
> extlangs
> we use.

We don't have to change it, but it seems slightly silly to keep the extra extlangs around if we foreclose their use (writing code/tests for never-to-be-implemented features is considered bad practice).

> We have in this WG (though unofficially) produced test data
> that includes three extlangs to test implementations, and changing
> this doesn't seem to be a good idea to me (I can very quickly
> change
> my implementation, but I have no idea how many or how few
> downloaded/
> deployed there already are).

It would be okay with me to keep well-formedness the same. Having the three-extlang well-formedness check doesn't hurt very many people. However: a single extlang is much easier to code other operations for, such as validation or tag generation. The first repeating option comes at variant, at the end of the tag. Having written more than one implementation, I found multiple extlangs one of the more difficult things to implement well each time---and all for naught?

I guess the more compelling issue for me is that well-formedness checking ALREADY changes in 4646bis because we fixed the grandfathered production (which was much more permissive). In practice the bigger problem are 3066 well-formedness implementations, which we know are widespread.


>
> >3. Cherry pick *only* the 'zh' (and possibly the 'ar') encompassed
> >languages for registration as extlangs. This is done in the name
> of
> >compatibility alone.
>
> I'm personally okay with any kind of selection that would be able
> to make
> the "rough consensus" that we currently have a bit less rough. As I
> know
> there are some people who, for good reasons, don't like cherry-
> picking,
> such a selection, so having a good justification would help.

See Peter's email on this topic and see my justification just above: all this talk about macrolanguages has obscured the reason we're doing it, which is compatibility with existing tagging practice. Thus the Chinese, Sign Language, and possibly Arabic cherries make sense. Stuff like Malay and Konkani don't make the grade.


Addison
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>
> I agree about the probability of further registrations in 639-1.
> But my guess is that if anybody manages to get a 'new' language
> registered is 639-1, they will have a big interest to be able
> to use this two-letter code on the Internet.

The big problem is to get a language code that isn't already a three-letter code.

>
> Actually, I think the main reason for new 639-1 registrations
> will not be discoveries of new languages with big populations
> of speakers, but politically motivated splits and changes such
> as the Kroatian/Serbian case. I don't think it is possible to
> call such cases absurd. Even if we don't see such a case on
> the horizon, things can change quite quickly when they change.
> So I don't want to rule out further 639-1 registrations.

That's a very good point: "never" being, on average, a very long time.

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Jun  2 07:37:15 2008
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Leif Halvard Silli <lhs@malform.no>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2008 07:36:38 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
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I think this is a Bad Idea: it puts us into the business of collecting/determining all manner of information about language codes. The collection and macrolanguage codes we know because one of the ISO 639 parts tells us. I suppose the 'special' codes we know because we list them. We don't need to become a competitor to or mirror of Ethnologue, Linguist List or Wikipedia.

What we call the field is of less import to me. If we're going to "kind of language", then perhaps the field could be calls "Classification". And the values could be from ISO 639-3/-5:

 collection
 macrolanguage
 individual  (as in Ethnologue's "individual language")

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Leif Halvard Silli
> Sent: Monday, June 02, 2008 1:19 AM
> To: Doug Ewell
> Cc: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
>
> Doug Ewell 2008-06-02 08.27:
>
> > [...] Given this, we could add an optional "Scope" field (or
> > pick a better name) to language and extlang records in the LSR
> > with exactly one of the following values, with no ambiguity:
> >
>
> > - ancient
> > - collective (or "collection")
> > - constructed
> > - extinct
> > - historic
> > - local
> > - macrolanguage
> > - special
>
>
> > Alternatively, if combining the fields is too distasteful for
> some, we
> > could add separate "Language-Type" and "Scope" [...]
>
> With a clear name, one field can be better than two.
>
> As for the name, "which/what scope" is not the first question I
> would ask first in order to learn which of those values that fits.
>
> Whereas "what kind (of language)" seems natural. Hence Kent's
> mention of "kind" has my support.
>
> Another, clear name is "Kind-of-language", unless a 3-word-name is
> out of scope.
>
> (If feel that "type" goes more on the linguistic features of the
> language -- if anyone wonders how I compare "language-type" and
> "kind-of-language".)
> --
> leif halvard silli
> _______________________________________________
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> Ltru@ietf.org
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> Given this, we could add an optional "Scope" field (or pick a better 
> name) to language and extlang records in the LSR with exactly one of the 
> following values, with no ambiguity:

I've just added some counts, to give people an idea:

> - ancient [113 entries in 639-3]
> - collective (or "collection") [113 entries in 639-5]
> - constructed [20 entries in 639-3]
> - extinct [426 entries in 639-3]
> - historic [63 entries in 639-3]
> - local [520 entries in 639-2]
> - macrolanguage [57 entries in 639-3]
> - special [4 entries in 639-3]
> 
> and omit this field for the language subtags that are "individual" and 
> "living," which are 89.8% of the total (7019 out of 7816) and thus can 
> be treated as the default.

In response to Martin's non-question:  Ancient languages have been extinct
for 50 years or more; extinct languages for a lesser period; historic
languages are earlier stages of living languages, like Old English.
The effective difference between ancient languages and extinct ones is
that Language List does change control for ancient, constructed, and
historic languages, whereas Ethnologue does it for living and extinct
languages.

-- 
John Cowan    cowan@ccil.org    http://ccil.org/~cowan
Nobody expects the RESTifarian Inquisition!  Our chief weapon is
surprise ... surprise and tedium  ... tedium and surprise ....
Our two weapons are tedium and surprise ... and ruthless disregard
for unpleasant facts....  Our three weapons are tedium, surprise, and
ruthless disregard ... and an almost fanatical devotion to Roy Fielding....
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> I think this is a Bad Idea: it puts us into the business of
> collecting/determining all manner of information about language
> codes. The collection and macrolanguage codes we know because one
> of the ISO 639 parts tells us. I suppose the 'special' codes we know
> because we list them. We don't need to become a competitor to or mirror
> of Ethnologue, Linguist List or Wikipedia.

This is all information direct from 639-3, so it's in our remit.

-- 
As we all know, civil libertarians are not      John Cowan
the friskiest group around --comes from        cowan@ccil.org
forever being on the qui vive for the sound     http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
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Scripsi:

> This is all information direct from 639-3, so it's in our remit.

Specifically columns 5-6 of
http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/iso-639-3_20080529.tab .

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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> John Cowan


> The effective difference between ancient languages and extinct ones is
> that Language List does change control for ancient, constructed, and
> historic languages, whereas Ethnologue does it for living and extinct
> languages.

The more significant distinction is that ancient languages have a body of literature -- which is why we know about them, whereas extinct language likely do not have a body of literature -- we know about them because they died out recently enough for someone to document their existence, but because not enough literature (if any) had developed to sustain vitality the language died as younger generations moved to more developed languages.



Peter
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Hi -

As mailing list admin...

> From: "Leif Halvard Silli" <lhs@malform.no>
> To: "Kent Karlsson" <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
> Cc: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Sunday, June 01, 2008 1:19 PM
> Subject: [Ltru] Mailinglist issue (was: 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
>
> Kent Karlsson 2008-06-01 21.38:
> 
> >  
> > Phillips, Addison wrote:
> >> 
> >> I generally agree with the idea that having some of this 
> >> ancillary information  [snip]
> 
> 
> I'll just not that I have not received Addison's message except as 
> part of Kent's reply.

I don't know why that would have happened.  The message made
it to the archive (http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ltru/current/msg10688.html)
as well as to my own inbox vie tha mailing list.

Randy



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Jun  2 10:14:43 2008
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From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
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Cc: 'LTRU Working Group' <ltru@ietf.org>, 'Doug Ewell' <doug@ewellic.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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I have spoken with the Editor of ISO 639-5 and am reliably informed that the
MA (Library of Congress) will be making the file publicly available for free
download in the very near future.  The standard was only published a couple
of weeks ago and ISO had hoped that the Standard as Database initiative
would be up and running before publication of ISO 639-5 - in the event it is
not quite in place. I will let you know as soon as this becomes available.

In the meantime, I have supplied Doug with the tables from the BSI copy of
the standard for inclusion within the LSR - assuming the WG agrees.

Best regards

Debbie

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Stephane Bortzmeyer [mailto:bortzmeyer@nic.fr]
> Sent: 02 June 2008 09:30
> To: Debbie Garside
> Cc: 'Doug Ewell'; 'LTRU Working Group'
> Subject: Re: ISO 639 language code addition rules...
>
> On Sun, Jun 01, 2008 at 12:00:08AM +0100,  Debbie Garside
> <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk> wrote  a message of 80 lines which said:
>
> > ISO 639-5 was published on the 15/05/2008
>
> Where can we download it?
>
>
>
>




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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Jun  2 10:30:35 2008
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2008 10:22:30 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
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John Cowan wrote:

> This is all information direct from 639-3, so it's in our remit.

Yes, but I still don't think we should mirror it. We would have to mirror the explanations for the values in the RFC, track changes to the values, and otherwise encumber ourselves with various maintenance and explanatory details. The less we do in the registry by fiat, the more flexible we will be.

I have to admit to being at least a little leery of the (necessary and unavoidable) fluctuations that will come from any embrace of "splitter" (vs. "lumper") linguistic categorization schemes. There is no end to the ways that one can split up and categorize language. The less of the non-normative information we mirror, the easier the maintenance work and the less likely we will find ourselves embroiled in long-winded and painful (yet ultimately meaningless) discussions on ietf-languages.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.



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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: "debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>, "'Stephane
	Bortzmeyer'" <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2008 10:26:23 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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Hi, (editor hat on)

Assuming we do this, I need to create a reference for it in the draft. Could someone please provide me with:

- the official name of Part 5

- a pointer to the name, address, phone, URL, etc. of the MA or RA

Thanks,

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Debbie Garside
> Sent: Monday, June 02, 2008 10:16 AM
> To: 'Stephane Bortzmeyer'
> Cc: 'LTRU Working Group'; 'Doug Ewell'
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
>
> I have spoken with the Editor of ISO 639-5 and am reliably informed
> that the
> MA (Library of Congress) will be making the file publicly available
> for free
> download in the very near future.  The standard was only published
> a couple
> of weeks ago and ISO had hoped that the Standard as Database
> initiative
> would be up and running before publication of ISO 639-5 - in the
> event it is
> not quite in place. I will let you know as soon as this becomes
> available.
>
> In the meantime, I have supplied Doug with the tables from the BSI
> copy of
> the standard for inclusion within the LSR - assuming the WG agrees.
>
> Best regards
>
> Debbie
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Stephane Bortzmeyer [mailto:bortzmeyer@nic.fr]
> > Sent: 02 June 2008 09:30
> > To: Debbie Garside
> > Cc: 'Doug Ewell'; 'LTRU Working Group'
> > Subject: Re: ISO 639 language code addition rules...
> >
> > On Sun, Jun 01, 2008 at 12:00:08AM +0100,  Debbie Garside
> > <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk> wrote  a message of 80 lines which
> said:
> >
> > > ISO 639-5 was published on the 15/05/2008
> >
> > Where can we download it?
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Jun  2 10:39:47 2008
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> > This is all information direct from 639-3, so it's in our remit.
> 
> Yes, but I still don't think we should mirror it. We would have to
> mirror the explanations for the values in the RFC, track changes to the
> values, and otherwise encumber ourselves with various maintenance and
> explanatory details. The less we do in the registry by fiat, the more
> flexible we will be.

Fair enough.  Well, we do talk about language collections in the draft,
and the private use codes are currently marked with a "Description:"
field only (plus having special magic syntax), so how about abandoning
ISO 639 type and having a minimalistic Scope field with "Collection"
and "Private use" field values?

-- 
Newbies always ask:                             John Cowan
  "Elements or attributes?                      http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Which will serve me best?"                      cowan@ccil.org
  Those who know roar like lions;
  Wise hackers smile like tigers.                   --a tanka, or extended haiku
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To: "'Phillips, Addison'" <addison@amazon.com>,
	"'Stephane Bortzmeyer'" <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
References: <mailman.2253.1212256019.5108.ltru@ietf.org><001201c8c34b$668bca60$e6f5e547@DGBP7M81><128101c8c372$130ac4a0$0a00a8c0@CPQ86763045110><20080602082943.GB12243@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org>
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Cc: 'LTRU Working Group' <ltru@ietf.org>, 'Doug Ewell' <doug@ewellic.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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--===============1812522699==

The MA/RA is Library of Congress - same as ISO 639-2.

The official name is:

Codes for the representation of names of
languages —
Part 5: Alpha-3 code for language families and groups

et en Français pour Stephane...

Codes pour la représentation des noms
de langue —
Partie 5: Code alpha-3 pour les familles de langues et groupes de langues

Best regards

Debbie

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Phillips, Addison [mailto:addison@amazon.com]
> Sent: 02 June 2008 18:26
> To: debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk; 'Stephane Bortzmeyer'
> Cc: 'LTRU Working Group'; 'Doug Ewell'
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
>
> Hi, (editor hat on)
>
> Assuming we do this, I need to create a reference for it in
> the draft. Could someone please provide me with:
>
> - the official name of Part 5
>
> - a pointer to the name, address, phone, URL, etc. of the MA or RA
>
> Thanks,
>
> Addison
>
> Addison Phillips
> Globalization Architect -- Lab126
>
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org]
> On Behalf
> > Of Debbie Garside
> > Sent: Monday, June 02, 2008 10:16 AM
> > To: 'Stephane Bortzmeyer'
> > Cc: 'LTRU Working Group'; 'Doug Ewell'
> > Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
> >
> > I have spoken with the Editor of ISO 639-5 and am reliably informed
> > that the MA (Library of Congress) will be making the file publicly
> > available for free download in the very near future.  The
> standard was
> > only published a couple of weeks ago and ISO had hoped that the
> > Standard as Database initiative would be up and running before
> > publication of ISO 639-5 - in the event it is not quite in place. I
> > will let you know as soon as this becomes available.
> >
> > In the meantime, I have supplied Doug with the tables from the BSI
> > copy of the standard for inclusion within the LSR - assuming the WG
> > agrees.
> >
> > Best regards
> >
> > Debbie
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Stephane Bortzmeyer [mailto:bortzmeyer@nic.fr]
> > > Sent: 02 June 2008 09:30
> > > To: Debbie Garside
> > > Cc: 'Doug Ewell'; 'LTRU Working Group'
> > > Subject: Re: ISO 639 language code addition rules...
> > >
> > > On Sun, Jun 01, 2008 at 12:00:08AM +0100,  Debbie Garside
> > > <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk> wrote  a message of 80 lines which
> > said:
> > >
> > > > ISO 639-5 was published on the 15/05/2008
> > >
> > > Where can we download it?
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>





--===============1812522699==
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Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2008 11:35:32 -0700
From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
To: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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In general, I think adding 639-5 codes would be a good idea, as long as the
list will be publicly available by the time we release. I'm however a bit
concerned by the issues raised by John, of codes that have the same
denotation as 639-3 codes; we need to resolve that before we can have a full
consensus. (We have to discuss this, but my preference for John's cases
would be rather than excluding the codes, to deprecate&prefer the others.)
On the part of the two-letter primary language subtags, I think our best
approach would just disallow them. While it would be very unlikely that this
would ever happen, it is very simple for us to prevent any instabilities
that might occur.

Mark

On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 10:26 AM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>
wrote:

> Hi, (editor hat on)
>
> Assuming we do this, I need to create a reference for it in the draft.
> Could someone please provide me with:
>
> - the official name of Part 5
>
> - a pointer to the name, address, phone, URL, etc. of the MA or RA
>
> Thanks,
>
> Addison
>
> Addison Phillips
> Globalization Architect -- Lab126
>
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > Behalf Of Debbie Garside
> > Sent: Monday, June 02, 2008 10:16 AM
> > To: 'Stephane Bortzmeyer'
> > Cc: 'LTRU Working Group'; 'Doug Ewell'
> > Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
> >
> > I have spoken with the Editor of ISO 639-5 and am reliably informed
> > that the
> > MA (Library of Congress) will be making the file publicly available
> > for free
> > download in the very near future.  The standard was only published
> > a couple
> > of weeks ago and ISO had hoped that the Standard as Database
> > initiative
> > would be up and running before publication of ISO 639-5 - in the
> > event it is
> > not quite in place. I will let you know as soon as this becomes
> > available.
> >
> > In the meantime, I have supplied Doug with the tables from the BSI
> > copy of
> > the standard for inclusion within the LSR - assuming the WG agrees.
> >
> > Best regards
> >
> > Debbie
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Stephane Bortzmeyer [mailto:bortzmeyer@nic.fr]
> > > Sent: 02 June 2008 09:30
> > > To: Debbie Garside
> > > Cc: 'Doug Ewell'; 'LTRU Working Group'
> > > Subject: Re: ISO 639 language code addition rules...
> > >
> > > On Sun, Jun 01, 2008 at 12:00:08AM +0100,  Debbie Garside
> > > <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk> wrote  a message of 80 lines which
> > said:
> > >
> > > > ISO 639-5 was published on the 15/05/2008
> > >
> > > Where can we download it?
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>



-- 
Mark

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In general, I think adding 639-5 codes would be a good idea, as long as the list will be publicly available by the time we release. I&#39;m however a bit concerned by the issues raised by John, of codes that have the same denotation as 639-3 codes; we need to resolve that before we can have a full consensus. (We have to discuss this, but my preference for John&#39;s cases would be rather than excluding the codes, to deprecate&amp;prefer the others.)<div>
<br></div><div>On the part of the two-letter primary language subtags, I think our best approach would just disallow them. While it would be very unlikely that this would ever happen, it is very simple for us to prevent any instabilities that might occur.</div>
<div><br></div><div>Mark<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 10:26 AM, Phillips, Addison &lt;<a href="mailto:addison@amazon.com">addison@amazon.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
Hi, (editor hat on)<br>
<br>
Assuming we do this, I need to create a reference for it in the draft. Could someone please provide me with:<br>
<br>
- the official name of Part 5<br>
<br>
- a pointer to the name, address, phone, URL, etc. of the MA or RA<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
Addison<br>
<br>
Addison Phillips<br>
Globalization Architect -- Lab126<br>
<br>
Internationalization is not a feature.<br>
It is an architecture.<br>
<br>
<br>
</div><div class="Ih2E3d">&gt; -----Original Message-----<br>
&gt; From: <a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On<br>
</div><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">&gt; Behalf Of Debbie Garside<br>
&gt; Sent: Monday, June 02, 2008 10:16 AM<br>
&gt; To: &#39;Stephane Bortzmeyer&#39;<br>
&gt; Cc: &#39;LTRU Working Group&#39;; &#39;Doug Ewell&#39;<br>
&gt; Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; I have spoken with the Editor of ISO 639-5 and am reliably informed<br>
&gt; that the<br>
&gt; MA (Library of Congress) will be making the file publicly available<br>
&gt; for free<br>
&gt; download in the very near future. &nbsp;The standard was only published<br>
&gt; a couple<br>
&gt; of weeks ago and ISO had hoped that the Standard as Database<br>
&gt; initiative<br>
&gt; would be up and running before publication of ISO 639-5 - in the<br>
&gt; event it is<br>
&gt; not quite in place. I will let you know as soon as this becomes<br>
&gt; available.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; In the meantime, I have supplied Doug with the tables from the BSI<br>
&gt; copy of<br>
&gt; the standard for inclusion within the LSR - assuming the WG agrees.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Best regards<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Debbie<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; -----Original Message-----<br>
&gt; &gt; From: Stephane Bortzmeyer [mailto:<a href="mailto:bortzmeyer@nic.fr">bortzmeyer@nic.fr</a>]<br>
&gt; &gt; Sent: 02 June 2008 09:30<br>
&gt; &gt; To: Debbie Garside<br>
&gt; &gt; Cc: &#39;Doug Ewell&#39;; &#39;LTRU Working Group&#39;<br>
&gt; &gt; Subject: Re: ISO 639 language code addition rules...<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; On Sun, Jun 01, 2008 at 12:00:08AM +0100, &nbsp;Debbie Garside<br>
&gt; &gt; &lt;<a href="mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk">debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk</a>&gt; wrote &nbsp;a message of 80 lines which<br>
&gt; said:<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; &gt; ISO 639-5 was published on the 15/05/2008<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Where can we download it?<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; _______________________________________________<br>
&gt; Ltru mailing list<br>
&gt; <a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
&gt; <a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Mark
</div>

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_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru

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Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2008 11:42:52 -0700
From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
To: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] a modest proposal...
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We can live with having extlang if limited to only zh and possibly ar or
sgn, and as long as we include Shawn's proviso, that the non-extlang
versions (eg "yue-Hant") be also valid. That is, one of the two equivalent
forms can be deprecated with a preferred value of the other.
Mark

On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 7:18 AM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>
wrote:

> Martin wrote:
>
> > >1. Restore a *single* extlang to the ABNF.
> >
> > This very, very much looks like a compromize. Of course, if we have
> > at least one language with extlang, we need at least one subtag in
> > the ABNF, so this is more a consequence of the proposals below than
> > a proposal in itself.
> >
> > I personally understand the position of the XML Schema WG, and
> > I also think that we should not change the wellformedness
> > definition
> > in RFC 4646, independent of how many (or how few, even zero)
> > extlangs
> > we use.
>
> We don't have to change it, but it seems slightly silly to keep the extra
> extlangs around if we foreclose their use (writing code/tests for
> never-to-be-implemented features is considered bad practice).
>
> > We have in this WG (though unofficially) produced test data
> > that includes three extlangs to test implementations, and changing
> > this doesn't seem to be a good idea to me (I can very quickly
> > change
> > my implementation, but I have no idea how many or how few
> > downloaded/
> > deployed there already are).
>
> It would be okay with me to keep well-formedness the same. Having the
> three-extlang well-formedness check doesn't hurt very many people. However:
> a single extlang is much easier to code other operations for, such as
> validation or tag generation. The first repeating option comes at variant,
> at the end of the tag. Having written more than one implementation, I found
> multiple extlangs one of the more difficult things to implement well each
> time---and all for naught?
>
> I guess the more compelling issue for me is that well-formedness checking
> ALREADY changes in 4646bis because we fixed the grandfathered production
> (which was much more permissive). In practice the bigger problem are 3066
> well-formedness implementations, which we know are widespread.
>
>
> >
> > >3. Cherry pick *only* the 'zh' (and possibly the 'ar') encompassed
> > >languages for registration as extlangs. This is done in the name
> > of
> > >compatibility alone.
> >
> > I'm personally okay with any kind of selection that would be able
> > to make
> > the "rough consensus" that we currently have a bit less rough. As I
> > know
> > there are some people who, for good reasons, don't like cherry-
> > picking,
> > such a selection, so having a good justification would help.
>
> See Peter's email on this topic and see my justification just above: all
> this talk about macrolanguages has obscured the reason we're doing it, which
> is compatibility with existing tagging practice. Thus the Chinese, Sign
> Language, and possibly Arabic cherries make sense. Stuff like Malay and
> Konkani don't make the grade.
>
>
> Addison
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>



-- 
Mark

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We can live with having extlang if limited to only zh and possibly ar or sgn, and as long as we include Shawn&#39;s proviso, that the non-extlang versions (eg &quot;yue-Hant&quot;) be also valid. That is, one of the two equivalent forms can be deprecated with a preferred value of the other.&nbsp;<div>
<br></div><div>Mark<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 7:18 AM, Phillips, Addison &lt;<a href="mailto:addison@amazon.com">addison@amazon.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div class="Ih2E3d">Martin wrote:<br>
<br>
&gt; &gt;1. Restore a *single* extlang to the ABNF.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; This very, very much looks like a compromize. Of course, if we have<br>
&gt; at least one language with extlang, we need at least one subtag in<br>
&gt; the ABNF, so this is more a consequence of the proposals below than<br>
&gt; a proposal in itself.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; I personally understand the position of the XML Schema WG, and<br>
&gt; I also think that we should not change the wellformedness<br>
&gt; definition<br>
&gt; in RFC 4646, independent of how many (or how few, even zero)<br>
&gt; extlangs<br>
&gt; we use.<br>
<br>
</div>We don&#39;t have to change it, but it seems slightly silly to keep the extra extlangs around if we foreclose their use (writing code/tests for never-to-be-implemented features is considered bad practice).<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt; We have in this WG (though unofficially) produced test data<br>
&gt; that includes three extlangs to test implementations, and changing<br>
&gt; this doesn&#39;t seem to be a good idea to me (I can very quickly<br>
&gt; change<br>
&gt; my implementation, but I have no idea how many or how few<br>
&gt; downloaded/<br>
&gt; deployed there already are).<br>
<br>
</div>It would be okay with me to keep well-formedness the same. Having the three-extlang well-formedness check doesn&#39;t hurt very many people. However: a single extlang is much easier to code other operations for, such as validation or tag generation. The first repeating option comes at variant, at the end of the tag. Having written more than one implementation, I found multiple extlangs one of the more difficult things to implement well each time---and all for naught?<br>

<br>
I guess the more compelling issue for me is that well-formedness checking ALREADY changes in 4646bis because we fixed the grandfathered production (which was much more permissive). In practice the bigger problem are 3066 well-formedness implementations, which we know are widespread.<br>

<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; &gt;3. Cherry pick *only* the &#39;zh&#39; (and possibly the &#39;ar&#39;) encompassed<br>
&gt; &gt;languages for registration as extlangs. This is done in the name<br>
&gt; of<br>
&gt; &gt;compatibility alone.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; I&#39;m personally okay with any kind of selection that would be able<br>
&gt; to make<br>
&gt; the &quot;rough consensus&quot; that we currently have a bit less rough. As I<br>
&gt; know<br>
&gt; there are some people who, for good reasons, don&#39;t like cherry-<br>
&gt; picking,<br>
&gt; such a selection, so having a good justification would help.<br>
<br>
</div>See Peter&#39;s email on this topic and see my justification just above: all this talk about macrolanguages has obscured the reason we&#39;re doing it, which is compatibility with existing tagging practice. Thus the Chinese, Sign Language, and possibly Arabic cherries make sense. Stuff like Malay and Konkani don&#39;t make the grade.<br>

<font color="#888888"><br>
<br>
Addison<br>
</font><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">_______________________________________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Mark
</div>

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
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You mean:

Type: language
Subtag: yue
Description: Cantonese Chinese
...

Type: extlang
Subtag: yue
Prefix: zh
Description: Cantonese Chinese
Preferred-Value: yue
Deprecated: 2008-06-02



This gives me a great deal of heartburn, but I guess I could live with it. I really don't like or see much point in creating a class of dead-at-birth subtags.

Interestingly, though, in practice it means that if the tag matches the extlang production (but not the grandfathered production), you trim the first subtag and then process from there.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

From: mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] On Behalf Of Mark Davis
Sent: Monday, June 02, 2008 11:43 AM
To: Phillips, Addison
Cc: Martin Duerst; LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] a modest proposal...

We can live with having extlang if limited to only zh and possibly ar or sgn, and as long as we include Shawn's proviso, that the non-extlang versions (eg "yue-Hant") be also valid. That is, one of the two equivalent forms can be deprecated with a preferred value of the other.

Mark
On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 7:18 AM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com> wrote:
Martin wrote:

> >1. Restore a *single* extlang to the ABNF.
>
> This very, very much looks like a compromize. Of course, if we have
> at least one language with extlang, we need at least one subtag in
> the ABNF, so this is more a consequence of the proposals below than
> a proposal in itself.
>
> I personally understand the position of the XML Schema WG, and
> I also think that we should not change the wellformedness
> definition
> in RFC 4646, independent of how many (or how few, even zero)
> extlangs
> we use.
We don't have to change it, but it seems slightly silly to keep the extra extlangs around if we foreclose their use (writing code/tests for never-to-be-implemented features is considered bad practice).

> We have in this WG (though unofficially) produced test data
> that includes three extlangs to test implementations, and changing
> this doesn't seem to be a good idea to me (I can very quickly
> change
> my implementation, but I have no idea how many or how few
> downloaded/
> deployed there already are).
It would be okay with me to keep well-formedness the same. Having the three-extlang well-formedness check doesn't hurt very many people. However: a single extlang is much easier to code other operations for, such as validation or tag generation. The first repeating option comes at variant, at the end of the tag. Having written more than one implementation, I found multiple extlangs one of the more difficult things to implement well each time---and all for naught?

I guess the more compelling issue for me is that well-formedness checking ALREADY changes in 4646bis because we fixed the grandfathered production (which was much more permissive). In practice the bigger problem are 3066 well-formedness implementations, which we know are widespread.


>
> >3. Cherry pick *only* the 'zh' (and possibly the 'ar') encompassed
> >languages for registration as extlangs. This is done in the name
> of
> >compatibility alone.
>
> I'm personally okay with any kind of selection that would be able
> to make
> the "rough consensus" that we currently have a bit less rough. As I
> know
> there are some people who, for good reasons, don't like cherry-
> picking,
> such a selection, so having a good justification would help.
See Peter's email on this topic and see my justification just above: all this talk about macrolanguages has obscured the reason we're doing it, which is compatibility with existing tagging practice. Thus the Chinese, Sign Language, and possibly Arabic cherries make sense. Stuff like Malay and Konkani don't make the grade.


Addison
_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru



--
Mark
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My original thought was to not have the deprecated field.  I haven't thought that all the way through....

Type: language
Subtag: yue
Description: Cantonese Chinese
...

Type: extlang
Subtag: yue
Prefix: zh
Description: Cantonese Chinese
Preferred-Value: yue

- Shawn

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Phillips, Addison
Sent: Monday, June 02, 2008 11:51 AM
To: Mark Davis
Cc: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] a modest proposal...

You mean:

Type: language
Subtag: yue
Description: Cantonese Chinese
...

Type: extlang
Subtag: yue
Prefix: zh
Description: Cantonese Chinese
Preferred-Value: yue
Deprecated: 2008-06-02



This gives me a great deal of heartburn, but I guess I could live with it. I really don't like or see much point in creating a class of dead-at-birth subtags.

Interestingly, though, in practice it means that if the tag matches the extlang production (but not the grandfathered production), you trim the first subtag and then process from there.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

From: mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] On Behalf Of Mark Davis
Sent: Monday, June 02, 2008 11:43 AM
To: Phillips, Addison
Cc: Martin Duerst; LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] a modest proposal...

We can live with having extlang if limited to only zh and possibly ar or sgn, and as long as we include Shawn's proviso, that the non-extlang versions (eg "yue-Hant") be also valid. That is, one of the two equivalent forms can be deprecated with a preferred value of the other.

Mark
On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 7:18 AM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com> wrote:
Martin wrote:

> >1. Restore a *single* extlang to the ABNF.
>
> This very, very much looks like a compromize. Of course, if we have
> at least one language with extlang, we need at least one subtag in
> the ABNF, so this is more a consequence of the proposals below than
> a proposal in itself.
>
> I personally understand the position of the XML Schema WG, and
> I also think that we should not change the wellformedness
> definition
> in RFC 4646, independent of how many (or how few, even zero)
> extlangs
> we use.
We don't have to change it, but it seems slightly silly to keep the extra extlangs around if we foreclose their use (writing code/tests for never-to-be-implemented features is considered bad practice).

> We have in this WG (though unofficially) produced test data
> that includes three extlangs to test implementations, and changing
> this doesn't seem to be a good idea to me (I can very quickly
> change
> my implementation, but I have no idea how many or how few
> downloaded/
> deployed there already are).
It would be okay with me to keep well-formedness the same. Having the three-extlang well-formedness check doesn't hurt very many people. However: a single extlang is much easier to code other operations for, such as validation or tag generation. The first repeating option comes at variant, at the end of the tag. Having written more than one implementation, I found multiple extlangs one of the more difficult things to implement well each time---and all for naught?

I guess the more compelling issue for me is that well-formedness checking ALREADY changes in 4646bis because we fixed the grandfathered production (which was much more permissive). In practice the bigger problem are 3066 well-formedness implementations, which we know are widespread.


>
> >3. Cherry pick *only* the 'zh' (and possibly the 'ar') encompassed
> >languages for registration as extlangs. This is done in the name
> of
> >compatibility alone.
>
> I'm personally okay with any kind of selection that would be able
> to make
> the "rough consensus" that we currently have a bit less rough. As I
> know
> there are some people who, for good reasons, don't like cherry-
> picking,
> such a selection, so having a good justification would help.
See Peter's email on this topic and see my justification just above: all this talk about macrolanguages has obscured the reason we're doing it, which is compatibility with existing tagging practice. Thus the Chinese, Sign Language, and possibly Arabic cherries make sense. Stuff like Malay and Konkani don't make the grade.


Addison
_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru



--
Mark
_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Under no circumstances would I support having both forms be canonical.
>
> My original thought was to not have the deprecated field.  I
> haven't thought that all the way through....

Preferred-Value requires Deprecated. Deprecated doesn't make it less valid.

Addison
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From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
To: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] a modest proposal...
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I agree with Addison.

On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 12:19 PM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>
wrote:

> Under no circumstances would I support having both forms be canonical.
> >
> > My original thought was to not have the deprecated field.  I
> > haven't thought that all the way through....
>
> Preferred-Value requires Deprecated. Deprecated doesn't make it less valid.
>
> Addison
>



-- 
Mark

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I agree with Addison.<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 12:19 PM, Phillips, Addison &lt;<a href="mailto:addison@amazon.com">addison@amazon.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
Under no circumstances would I support having both forms be canonical.<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d">&gt;<br>
&gt; My original thought was to not have the deprecated field. &nbsp;I<br>
&gt; haven&#39;t thought that all the way through....<br>
<br>
</div>Preferred-Value requires Deprecated. Deprecated doesn&#39;t make it less valid.<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
Addison<br>
</font></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Mark

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Randy Presuhn 2008-06-02 18.48:

> As mailing list admin...
> 
>> From: "Leif Halvard Silli" <lhs@malform.no>
>> To: "Kent Karlsson" <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
>> Cc: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
>> Sent: Sunday, June 01, 2008 1:19 PM
>> Subject: [Ltru] Mailinglist issue (was: 639-5 (was RE: ISO 639 language code addition rules...)
>>
>> Kent Karlsson 2008-06-01 21.38:
>> 
>> >  
>> > Phillips, Addison wrote:
>> >> 
>> >> I generally agree with the idea that having some of this 
>> >> ancillary information  [snip]
>> 
>> 
>> I'll just not that I have not received Addison's message except as 
>> part of Kent's reply.
> 
> I don't know why that would have happened.  The message made
> it to the archive (http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ltru/current/msg10688.html)
> as well as to my own inbox vie tha mailing list.


Later on, I received that message, and a whole bunch of other. 
There are, however, some problems with this list. This is not the 
first time messages have been delayed for some users. And also, it 
has been made clear that the mailinglist software is removing some 
bits of the Content-Type field, namely information about whether 
the message was sent with forma=flowed etc - which again causes 
bad user experiences when replying to those messages for many 
within this group.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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Mark Davis scripsit:

> In general, I think adding 639-5 codes would be a good idea, as long as the
> list will be publicly available by the time we release. I'm however a bit
> concerned by the issues raised by John, of codes that have the same
> denotation as 639-3 codes; we need to resolve that before we can have a full
> consensus. (We have to discuss this, but my preference for John's cases
> would be rather than excluding the codes, to deprecate&prefer the others.)

I don't understand the purpose of this.  When we added the 639-2 codes,
we did not add 'eng' as a pre-deprecated subtag with a Preferred-Value of
'en'.  If we have good reason to exclude something, we should exclude it.

> On the part of the two-letter primary language subtags, I think our best
> approach would just disallow them. While it would be very unlikely that this
> would ever happen, it is very simple for us to prevent any instabilities
> that might occur.

639-1 should stay in, because we might have another politically motivated
split where the successor languages are individually important enough
to get 639-1 codes.

-- 
After fixing the Y2K bug in an application:     John Cowan
        WELCOME TO <censored>                   cowan@ccil.org
        DATE: MONDAK, JANUARK 1, 1900           http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] a modest proposal...
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Mark Davis scripsit:
> We can live with having extlang if limited to only zh and possibly ar or
> sgn, and as long as we include Shawn's proviso, that the non-extlang
> versions (eg "yue-Hant") be also valid. That is, one of the two equivalent
> forms can be deprecated with a preferred value of the other.

Same objection as for 639-5.  Also, which is to be pre-deprecated,
and why?

-- 
John Cowan    http://ccil.org/~cowan  cowan@ccil.org
The Penguin shall hunt and devour all that is crufty, gnarly and
bogacious; all code which wriggles like spaghetti, or is infested with
blighting creatures, or is bound by grave and perilous Licences shall it
capture.  And in capturing shall it replicate, and in replicating shall
it document, and in documentation shall it bring freedom, serenity and
most cool froodiness to the earth and all who code therein.  --Gospel of Tux
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Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2008 13:56:42 -0700
From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
To: "John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 1:19 PM, John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org> wrote:

> Mark Davis scripsit:
>
> > In general, I think adding 639-5 codes would be a good idea, as long as
> the
> > list will be publicly available by the time we release. I'm however a bit
> > concerned by the issues raised by John, of codes that have the same
> > denotation as 639-3 codes; we need to resolve that before we can have a
> full
> > consensus. (We have to discuss this, but my preference for John's cases
> > would be rather than excluding the codes, to deprecate&prefer the
> others.)
>
> I don't understand the purpose of this.  When we added the 639-2 codes,
> we did not add 'eng' as a pre-deprecated subtag with a Preferred-Value of
> 'en'.  If we have good reason to exclude something, we should exclude it.


It is not so black and white. The advantage of adding something as
deprecated is that we have a formal relation between it and the
preferred-value. That helps in cases where people have expected that
everything in a particular set (eg 639-5) would work.

I wouldn't actually mind having "eng" in and deprecated to "en"; we end up
having to do that in software anyway because it occurs sufficiently often.


> > On the part of the two-letter primary language subtags, I think our best
> > approach would just disallow them. While it would be very unlikely that
> this
> > would ever happen, it is very simple for us to prevent any instabilities
> > that might occur.
>
> 639-1 should stay in, because we might have another politically motivated
> split where the successor languages are individually important enough
> to get 639-1 codes.


That is possible, and now that I think about it the above logic would point
in that direction. I guess the only restriction we'd have to make is that it
cannot be introduced *after* an equivalent three-letter code.


>
> --
> After fixing the Y2K bug in an application:     John Cowan
>        WELCOME TO <censored>                   cowan@ccil.org
>        DATE: MONDAK, JANUARK 1, 1900           http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
>



-- 
Mark

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<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 1:19 PM, John Cowan &lt;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
Mark Davis scripsit:<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt; In general, I think adding 639-5 codes would be a good idea, as long as the<br>
&gt; list will be publicly available by the time we release. I&#39;m however a bit<br>
&gt; concerned by the issues raised by John, of codes that have the same<br>
&gt; denotation as 639-3 codes; we need to resolve that before we can have a full<br>
&gt; consensus. (We have to discuss this, but my preference for John&#39;s cases<br>
&gt; would be rather than excluding the codes, to deprecate&amp;prefer the others.)<br>
<br>
</div>I don&#39;t understand the purpose of this. &nbsp;When we added the 639-2 codes,<br>
we did not add &#39;eng&#39; as a pre-deprecated subtag with a Preferred-Value of<br>
&#39;en&#39;. &nbsp;If we have good reason to exclude something, we should exclude it.</blockquote><div><br></div><div>It is not so black and white. The advantage of adding something as deprecated is that we have a formal relation between it and the preferred-value. That helps in cases where people have expected that everything in a particular set (eg 639-5) would work.</div>
<div><br></div><div>I wouldn&#39;t actually mind having &quot;eng&quot; in and deprecated to &quot;en&quot;; we end up having to do that in software anyway because it occurs sufficiently often.</div><div>&nbsp;<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div class="Ih2E3d">&gt; On the part of the two-letter primary language subtags, I think our best<br>
&gt; approach would just disallow them. While it would be very unlikely that this<br>
&gt; would ever happen, it is very simple for us to prevent any instabilities<br>
&gt; that might occur.<br>
<br>
</div>639-1 should stay in, because we might have another politically motivated<br>
split where the successor languages are individually important enough<br>
to get 639-1 codes.</blockquote><div><br></div><div>That is possible, and now that I think about it the above logic would point in that direction. I guess the only restriction we&#39;d have to make is that it cannot be introduced *after* an equivalent three-letter code.</div>
<div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
--<br>
After fixing the Y2K bug in an application: &nbsp; &nbsp; John Cowan<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;WELCOME TO &lt;censored&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a><br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;DATE: MONDAK, JANUARK 1, 1900 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="http://www.ccil.org/~cowan" target="_blank">http://www.ccil.org/~cowan</a><br>
</font></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Mark

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Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2008 14:02:39 -0700
From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
To: "John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] a modest proposal...
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Add+deprecate allows people to have the forms they really care about, and
yet preserves a formal relationship between them, so that people can convert
between them.
We're trying to find a compromise here, so that we can work our way out of
this impasse!
As to which is deprecated, the simpler way would be to deprecate the extlang
form, as Addison said. If it were necessary to achieve a compromise, we
could live with deprecating the conventional form.

Mark

On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 1:28 PM, John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org> wrote:

> Mark Davis scripsit:
> > We can live with having extlang if limited to only zh and possibly ar or
> > sgn, and as long as we include Shawn's proviso, that the non-extlang
> > versions (eg "yue-Hant") be also valid. That is, one of the two
> equivalent
> > forms can be deprecated with a preferred value of the other.
>
> Same objection as for 639-5.  Also, which is to be pre-deprecated,
> and why?
>
> --
> John Cowan    http://ccil.org/~cowan  cowan@ccil.org
> The Penguin shall hunt and devour all that is crufty, gnarly and
> bogacious; all code which wriggles like spaghetti, or is infested with
> blighting creatures, or is bound by grave and perilous Licences shall it
> capture.  And in capturing shall it replicate, and in replicating shall
> it document, and in documentation shall it bring freedom, serenity and
> most cool froodiness to the earth and all who code therein.  --Gospel of
> Tux
>



-- 
Mark

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Add+deprecate allows people to have the forms they really care about, and yet preserves a formal relationship between them, so that people can convert between them.<div><br></div><div>We&#39;re trying to find a compromise here, so that we can work our way out of this impasse!<div>
<br></div><div>As to which is deprecated, the simpler way would be to deprecate the extlang form, as Addison said. If it were necessary to achieve a compromise, we could live with deprecating the conventional form.</div><div>
<br></div><div>Mark<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 1:28 PM, John Cowan &lt;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
Mark Davis scripsit:<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d">&gt; We can live with having extlang if limited to only zh and possibly ar or<br>
&gt; sgn, and as long as we include Shawn&#39;s proviso, that the non-extlang<br>
&gt; versions (eg &quot;yue-Hant&quot;) be also valid. That is, one of the two equivalent<br>
&gt; forms can be deprecated with a preferred value of the other.<br>
<br>
</div>Same objection as for 639-5. &nbsp;Also, which is to be pre-deprecated,<br>
and why?<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
--<br>
John Cowan &nbsp; &nbsp;<a href="http://ccil.org/~cowan" target="_blank">http://ccil.org/~cowan</a> &nbsp;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a><br>
The Penguin shall hunt and devour all that is crufty, gnarly and<br>
bogacious; all code which wriggles like spaghetti, or is infested with<br>
blighting creatures, or is bound by grave and perilous Licences shall it<br>
capture. &nbsp;And in capturing shall it replicate, and in replicating shall<br>
it document, and in documentation shall it bring freedom, serenity and<br>
most cool froodiness to the earth and all who code therein. &nbsp;--Gospel of Tux<br>
</font></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Mark
</div></div>

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Hi -

As list admin...

> From: "Leif Halvard Silli" <lhs@malform.no>
> To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
> Cc: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Monday, June 02, 2008 12:58 PM
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Mailinglist issue
...
> Later on, I received that message, and a whole bunch of other. 
> There are, however, some problems with this list. This is not the 
> first time messages have been delayed for some users. And also, it 
> has been made clear that the mailinglist software is removing some 
> bits of the Content-Type field, namely information about whether 
> the message was sent with forma=flowed etc - which again causes 
> bad user experiences when replying to those messages for many 
> within this group.

For such problems, which are entirely out of the hands of us list admins,
please refer to ietf-action@ietf.org.  Include *COMPLETE* headers,
after of course looking at those headers to verify that any outrageous
delays are happening within the ietf.org or amsl.com domains, and
not somewhere "out there".

My recommendations to all list subscribers:
   (1) DO NOT reply to posters or cc: individuals - just use the
         mailing list address.  This will significantly reduce the amount
         of out-of-order stuff people receive, and makes the discussion
         *much* easier to follow.
   (2) DO NOT use format=flowed.  In my experience, it doesn't work
         well anyway.

Randy

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To: Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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Mark Davis scripsit:

> That is possible, and now that I think about it the above logic would point
> in that direction. I guess the only restriction we'd have to make is that it
> cannot be introduced *after* an equivalent three-letter code.

2.2.1 of RFC 4646 already says that.

-- 
We do, doodley do, doodley do, doodley do,        John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
What we must, muddily must, muddily must, muddily must; 
Muddily do, muddily do, muddily do, muddily do,    http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Until we bust, bodily bust, bodily bust, bodily bust.  --Bokonon
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Jun  2 16:36:45 2008
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2008 16:35:28 -0700
Thread-Topic: early proto draft-15...
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All (editor hat firmly in place),

I have just now posted on Inter-Locale an early prototype of draft-15 restoring extlang. A half-hearted attempt to put my proposed compromise is also in this version. I have also included the proposal to incorporate ISO 639-5. I have not included Mark's proposed "deprecated at birth" proposal for extlangs (too late for this pass and too soon to know the reaction). This SHOULD NOT be taken to imply any consensus determination or personal position on any of these proposals: it is merely the editors trying to get the text under control and give us something to work from. This text is subject to change or update, although I will alert the list when I update the server. Other editorial and flow changes have been incorporated here as well.

The links are to "Editor's Copy" on the home page or:

  http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.xml
  http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.txt
  http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.html

The diffs are:

  http://tinyurl.com/3whwwg  (hwdiff)
  http://tinyurl.com/54zlqq  (wdiff, aka side-by-side)

Comments welcome.

Addison (for the editors)

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] a modest proposal...
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Mark Davis scripsit:

> Add+deprecate allows people to have the forms they really care about, and
> yet preserves a formal relationship between them, so that people can convert
> between them.

That's a good point.

> We're trying to find a compromise here, so that we can work our way out of
> this impasse!

Agreed.

> As to which is deprecated, the simpler way would be to deprecate the extlang
> form, as Addison said. If it were necessary to achieve a compromise, we
> could live with deprecating the conventional form.

I can live with pre-deprecation, provided it is the conventional form
that is pre-deprecated.

-- 
A rose by any other name                            John Cowan
may smell as sweet,                                 http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
but if you called it an onion                       cowan@ccil.org
you'd get cooks very confused.          --RMS
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> > Actually, I think the main reason for new 639-1 registrations will
> not
> > be discoveries of new languages with big populations of speakers, but
> > politically motivated splits and changes such as the Kroatian/Serbian
> > case. I don't think it is possible to call such cases absurd. Even if
> > we don't see such a case on the horizon, things can change quite
> > quickly when they change. So I don't want to rule out further 639-1
> > registrations.
>
> I'd better go get the door.  Someone is banging on it and shouting,
> "Montenegrin!  Montenegrin!"

So far, nobody has submitted a formal request to the JAC for this. If they did, and assuming the JAC agreed that this is actually different from srp (note that drafts of the constitution had wording suggesting that these are one language), the default position of the JAC would be not to add an alpha-2 ID.

Of course, I can't guarantee 100% that an alpha-2 would not be added -- that can't be guaranteed until the text of ISO 639-1 is changed to say that no more code elements will be added.



Peter
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At 17:31 08/06/02, Martin Duerst wrote:
>[co-chair hat on]

Still on.

>On the other hand, I don't remember seeing anybody actively
>opposing to this proposal, which is definitely a good sign.
>If you have support/comments, or a somewhat different proposal
>for a compromize, don't hesitate to send it to the list.

Actually, this was inaccurate, Karen expressed her concerns.
Karen, could you be more explicit about where this proposal
makes your guidance task worse? Is the main problem with
the fact that there would be two allowed ways to tag e.g.
Cantonese, one of them deprecated? Or is the main problem
that there would be only extlangs for Chinese and Arabic,
but not for some other languages (e.g. Malay)? Or anything
else?

Regards,    Martin.



#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2008 22:13:06 -0700
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Actually, the proposal was NOT to make two ways to tag Cantonese. That was Mark's addendum today.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
> Sent: Monday, June 02, 2008 6:21 PM
> To: Phillips, Addison; LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] a modest proposal...
>
> At 17:31 08/06/02, Martin Duerst wrote:
> >[co-chair hat on]
>
> Still on.
>
> >On the other hand, I don't remember seeing anybody actively
> >opposing to this proposal, which is definitely a good sign.
> >If you have support/comments, or a somewhat different proposal
> >for a compromize, don't hesitate to send it to the list.
>
> Actually, this was inaccurate, Karen expressed her concerns.
> Karen, could you be more explicit about where this proposal
> makes your guidance task worse? Is the main problem with
> the fact that there would be two allowed ways to tag e.g.
> Cantonese, one of them deprecated? Or is the main problem
> that there would be only extlangs for Chinese and Arabic,
> but not for some other languages (e.g. Malay)? Or anything
> else?
>
> Regards,    Martin.
>
>
>
> #-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
> #-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp
> mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp

_______________________________________________
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From: "Broome, Karen" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>
To: Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2008 22:52:04 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
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Mark,

I think what bothers me more than extlang or no-extlang is the narrowing I perceive in "zh" that seems to come with the no-extlang strategy. The historic registrations of other tags (such as zh-yue and zh-min-nan) clearly shows that "zh" has always included Cantonese and other Asian languages. Yes, I know that a very overwhelming number of these documents are in written Mandarin. But we have an overall rule that indicates the valid tag is the shortest tag that represents the language. It seems like you are indicating that "zh" is the shortest tag for Mandarin, but not Cantonese after RFC 4646bis. How can this be true without there being a narrowing?

While your spiders may be able to give us some kind of an idea of the languages used on the web, xml:lang and ISO tags have a lot of other uses in B2B applications and asset databases. I'm not saying that there is likely more content tagged "zh-yue" when compared to other "Chinese" content, but the percentages for the a/v assets I look at are not statistically insignificant.

We have promised backwards compatibility, and the group has repeatedly said that narrowing an ISO semantic is not allowed. Removing extlang will force me to make some systems tweaks, nothing insurmountable, but I am concerned about the impact on other people who aren't represented in this small group. I don't have a whole lot of insight into some of the other languages that use extlang. I'm wondering if the users of those languages have similar issues where there may be mutually intelligible written forms that are not mutually intelligible when spoken (or vice versa).

Mark wrote:

>Why? While 639-3 now specifies clearly that "de" means (for example)
>just Standard German, while "zh" means Any Chinese, this clarity of
>specification was not present earlier. The code "zh" has been used
>in the past for Mandarin, overwhelmingly so; not just 99% or 99.9%,
>but many 9's.

I agree the "zh" code has always been vague, but treating it as synonymous with Mandarin contradicts previous registrations with IANA. It is the best current tag for Mandarin, but its use for a significant number of Mandarin documents does not prove or disprove whether its historical semantic includes Cantonese and other Chinese languages.

>As you said, the tendency was to use illegal (or
>private use codes) for non-Mandarin content.

A couple of you have been misreading me on this. The overwhelming tendency was to use made-up codes for ANY audio Chinese. I see a lot of "MAN" for Mandarin, which is, of course, a really bad idea. It's typical to see the written variants of Chinese classified as Traditional or Simplified with zh-[etc.], but audio will use bad codes for spoken Mandarin AND Cantonese.

>       Note also that really the whole premise of extlang is that
>'zh' continues to normally map to Mandarin.

But not Cantonese?

>My real point is that if a query for 'ar' really means "give me any
>kind of Arabic", then a query for 'ar' would be almost meaningless,
>since it could return any of a number of mutually incomprehensible
>alternatives.

For anyone other than a giant international search engine, I think fallbacks like these are a business decision. Appropriate fallbacks for a corporate or other content sites likely depend on the content the publisher has to offer and the intended geographical reach of the site. I'm guessing that even rather  forward-thinking organizations will not have content represented in more than 50 languages. Academic archives will certainly have more, but will they use the elaborate fallback logic or a direct lookup?

>Although 639-3 now defines it to be "any Arabic", in
>practice what users will expect to get back is Standard Arabic, and
>they would be unpleasantly surprised to get back other varieties.

Fallback only occurs when the user's language of choice is not available, right?  What would be a better fallback? Is it better not to serve up alternate content at all?

>Note that this is not actually RFC4646 conformant: zh-cmn-TW is not
>valid.

Of course, when this was assigned this was presumed to be future-valid. It's when I started thinking about just using "zh-TW" for this under RFC 4646bis that I began to get concerned.

>Mark: Your list is already ambiguous for columns 1 and 2; you are using
>"yue" for two different things (written and spoken). The only change
>it really makes is that you don't have a term for "any chinese".

The list is not ambiguous as far as I'm concerned. I don't require unique codes for spoken and written forms except when a script tag distinguishes two similar pieces of content. I refuse to use a script tag to identify audio language, but I don't currently have a need to distinguish forms of written Cantonese so "zh-yue" is fine for both and I don't see any potential for misinterpretation. I don't see my competitors making distinctions here either.

>The only purpose I have heard for extlang *is* for fallback; that's
>why the document goes into (painful) depth on that topic.

The arguments I've put forward have had little to do with fallback and more to do with promoting accurate tagging in the future. You just don't seem to think they are valid arguments. So I think your previous statement above is inaccurate.

For
>identification alone, "zh" and "zh-cmn" really mean just the same
>thing. It is only in the context of matching (filtering and lookup)
>that they differ in semantics *because of their behavior*: where
>"cmn" means simply Cantonese, "zh-cmn" effectively means "Cantonese
>but fallback to any Chinese".

Think you mistyped here so not sure if I agree or disagree.

I'd like to see a solution where developers won't need to rely on too much conditional linguistic logic; there are clearly preferred tags; the rules are clear; and ideally, there's no cherry picking. I think cherry picking makes rules harder to explain.

Regards,

Karen Broome


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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 2 Jun 2008 23:26:41 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Broome, Karen


> The historic registrations of other tags (such as zh-yue and
> zh-min-nan) clearly shows that "zh" has always included Cantonese and
> other Asian languages...
> It seems like you are indicating that "zh" is the shortest
> tag for Mandarin, but not Cantonese...

Do all keep in mind comments I made a week or two ago about historical development leading up to macrolanguage:

- the macrolanguage concept means that some treat it as one language while some treat it as many

- the alpha-2 code in ISO 639-1 was initially created by terminologists, for whom developed language varieties would have been of interest, which for "Chinese" would have been Mandarin

- the alpha-3 code in ISO 639-2 was created (in part) by librarians, for whom "Chinese" was explicitly meant to cover both Mandarin and Cantonese


The different points of view expressed by Karen and by Mark are, I think, not surprising or coincidental: the need to be clear that "zh" includes Cantonese as well as Mandarin is appropriate and is consistent with existing use exemplified by library practice; and the utility, in practice, of recognizing a particular association between "zh" and Mandarin in some applications (though not necessarily all) is also appropriate and stems from the same factors that were involved in the practice of Terminologists: for a lot of business application to date, the only Chinese language with particular relevance for text scenarios has been Mandarin.

There are two realities; both need to be recognized. I see that happening by saying something to the effect of, "'zh' _means_ "Chinese"; in some applications, especially text scenarios, it may be appropriate to treat use of 'zh' in existing implementations as being particularly associated with Mandarin".


Peter


Peter
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From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
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I agree in general with Addison, about not loading down the repository with
information that can be found elsewhere (especially where that information
may change over time).
However, I agree with John that PrivateUse codes are special in terms of
architecture of LTRU, are called out in the spec, and should be
distinguished by more than just a Description. I'm not sure about whether
the Collections should qualify, since I don't think we don't have any part
of LTRU, either the spec or usage, that depends on whether a code is a
Collection or not.
Mark

On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 10:31 AM, John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org> wrote:

> Phillips, Addison scripsit:
>
> > > This is all information direct from 639-3, so it's in our remit.
> >
> > Yes, but I still don't think we should mirror it. We would have to
> > mirror the explanations for the values in the RFC, track changes to the
> > values, and otherwise encumber ourselves with various maintenance and
> > explanatory details. The less we do in the registry by fiat, the more
> > flexible we will be.
>
> Fair enough.  Well, we do talk about language collections in the draft,
> and the private use codes are currently marked with a "Description:"
> field only (plus having special magic syntax), so how about abandoning
> ISO 639 type and having a minimalistic Scope field with "Collection"
> and "Private use" field values?
>
> --
> Newbies always ask:                             John Cowan
>  "Elements or attributes?                      http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
> Which will serve me best?"                      cowan@ccil.org
>  Those who know roar like lions;
>  Wise hackers smile like tigers.                   --a tanka, or extended
> haiku
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>



-- 
Mark

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I agree in general with Addison, about not loading down the repository with information that can be found elsewhere (especially where that information may change over time).<div><br></div><div>However, I agree with John that PrivateUse codes are special in terms of architecture of LTRU, are called out in the spec, and should be distinguished by more than just a Description. I&#39;m not sure about whether the Collections should qualify, since I don&#39;t think we don&#39;t have any part of LTRU, either the spec or usage, that depends on whether a code is a Collection or not.<div>
<br></div><div>Mark<br>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Jun 2, 2008 at 10:31 AM, John Cowan &lt;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org" target="_blank">cowan@ccil.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">

Phillips, Addison scripsit:<br>
<div><br>
&gt; &gt; This is all information direct from 639-3, so it&#39;s in our remit.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Yes, but I still don&#39;t think we should mirror it. We would have to<br>
&gt; mirror the explanations for the values in the RFC, track changes to the<br>
&gt; values, and otherwise encumber ourselves with various maintenance and<br>
&gt; explanatory details. The less we do in the registry by fiat, the more<br>
&gt; flexible we will be.<br>
<br>
</div>Fair enough. &nbsp;Well, we do talk about language collections in the draft,<br>
and the private use codes are currently marked with a &quot;Description:&quot;<br>
field only (plus having special magic syntax), so how about abandoning<br>
ISO 639 type and having a minimalistic Scope field with &quot;Collection&quot;<br>
and &quot;Private use&quot; field values?<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
--<br>
Newbies always ask: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; John Cowan<br>
 &nbsp;&quot;Elements or attributes? &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<a href="http://www.ccil.org/~cowan" target="_blank">http://www.ccil.org/~cowan</a><br>
Which will serve me best?&quot; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org" target="_blank">cowan@ccil.org</a><br>
 &nbsp;Those who know roar like lions;<br>
 &nbsp;Wise hackers smile like tigers. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; --a tanka, or extended haiku<br>
</font><div><div></div><div>_______________________________________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org" target="_blank">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Mark
</div></div>

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On Mon, Jun 02, 2008 at 02:30:44PM -0700,
 Randy Presuhn <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com> wrote 
 a message of 39 lines which said:

> For such problems, which are entirely out of the hands of us list admins,
> please refer to ietf-action@ietf.org.  Include *COMPLETE* headers,

Done,  [rt.amsl.com #7755] "Content-type attributes dropped
on the LTRU mailing list"

>    (2) DO NOT use format=flowed.  In my experience, it doesn't work
>          well anyway.

I strongly disagree. First, I've never seen such problems anywhere
and, second, this is the only solution to have free-flow text in plain
text. I do not want to use HTML, or to limit to the size of the old
VT100 terminal.
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Cc: 'LTRU Working Group' <ltru@ietf.org>, 'Doug Ewell' <doug@ewellic.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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On Mon, Jun 02, 2008 at 06:44:44PM +0100,
 Debbie Garside <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk> wrote 
 a message of 101 lines which said:

> The MA/RA is Library of Congress - same as ISO 639-2.

Thanks for the info but their Web site still has zero information
about ISO 639-5 except the FAQ
<http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/faq.html> which says that ISO
639-5 is still under development.
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
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Mark Davis scripsit:

> However, I agree with John that PrivateUse codes are special in terms of
> architecture of LTRU, are called out in the spec, and should be
> distinguished by more than just a Description. I'm not sure about whether
> the Collections should qualify, since I don't think we don't have any part
> of LTRU, either the spec or usage, that depends on whether a code is a
> Collection or not.

See section 4.1, bullet point 4.1, in draft 14.

-- 
John Cowan       http://www.ccil.org/~cowan        <cowan@ccil.org>
        You tollerday donsk?  N.  You tolkatiff scowegian?  Nn.
        You spigotty anglease?  Nnn.  You phonio saxo?  Nnnn.
                Clear all so!  `Tis a Jute.... (Finnegans Wake 16.5)
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2008 06:58:09 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] ISO 639 language code addition rules...
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> 'Stephane Bortzmeyer'

> > The MA/RA is Library of Congress - same as ISO 639-2.
>
> Thanks for the info but their Web site still has zero information
> about ISO 639-5 except the FAQ
> <http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/faq.html> which says that ISO
> 639-5 is still under development.

I can confirm that LOC has been designated as RA, the lack of info on their set as yet notwithstanding.



Peter
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: 'LTRU Working Group' <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2008 07:11:00 -0700
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Given our current deliberations, it seems appropriate for me to give a head=
s up that the JAC has been given a request to have a separate identifier fo=
r the V=F5ro variety within Estonian, and that a likely way of handling thi=
ngs, if it's decided to code that, would be to change the scope for et/est =
from individual language to macrolanguage, with V=F5ro and at least one oth=
er variety as encompassed languages.


Peter

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<p class=3DMsoNormal>Given our current deliberations, it seems appropriate =
for me
to give a heads up that the JAC has been given a request to have a separate
identifier for the V=F5ro variety within Estonian, and that a likely way of
handling things, if it&#8217;s decided to code that, would be to change the
scope for et/est from individual language to macrolanguage, with V=F5ro and=
 at
least one other variety as encompassed languages.<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>Peter<o:p></o:p></p>

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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Unless the requester specifically requires an alpha3 why not wait for =
639-6?
=20
Best regards
=20
Debbie


  _____ =20

From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Peter Constable
Sent: 03 June 2008 15:11
To: 'LTRU Working Group'
Subject: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian



Given our current deliberations, it seems appropriate for me to give a =
heads
up that the JAC has been given a request to have a separate identifier =
for
the V=F5ro variety within Estonian, and that a likely way of handling =
things,
if it=92s decided to code that, would be to change the scope for et/est =
from
individual language to macrolanguage, with V=F5ro and at least one other
variety as encompassed languages.

=20

=20

Peter


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<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D497231116-03062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Unless the requester specifically requires an =
alpha3 why=20
not wait for 639-6?</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D497231116-03062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D497231116-03062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>Best regards</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D497231116-03062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D497231116-03062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>Debbie</FONT></SPAN></DIV><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft>
  <HR tabIndex=3D-1>
  <FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> ltru-bounces@ietf.org=20
  [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Peter=20
  Constable<BR><B>Sent:</B> 03 June 2008 15:11<BR><B>To:</B> 'LTRU =
Working=20
  Group'<BR><B>Subject:</B> [Ltru] heads up: =
Estonian<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV class=3DSection1>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal>Given our current deliberations, it seems =
appropriate for=20
  me to give a heads up that the JAC has been given a request to have a =
separate=20
  identifier for the V=F5ro variety within Estonian, and that a likely =
way of=20
  handling things, if it=92s decided to code that, would be to change =
the scope=20
  for et/est from individual language to macrolanguage, with V=F5ro and =
at least=20
  one other variety as encompassed languages.<o:p></o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
  <P =
class=3DMsoNormal>Peter<o:p></o:p></P></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2008 09:46:56 -0700
From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
To: "John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
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Good point; I hadn't been looking at the latest draft.

On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 6:36 AM, John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org> wrote:

> Mark Davis scripsit:
>
> > However, I agree with John that PrivateUse codes are special in terms of
> > architecture of LTRU, are called out in the spec, and should be
> > distinguished by more than just a Description. I'm not sure about whether
> > the Collections should qualify, since I don't think we don't have any
> part
> > of LTRU, either the spec or usage, that depends on whether a code is a
> > Collection or not.
>
> See section 4.1, bullet point 4.1, in draft 14.
>
> --
> John Cowan       http://www.ccil.org/~cowan        <cowan@ccil.org>
>        You tollerday donsk?  N.  You tolkatiff scowegian?  Nn.
>        You spigotty anglease?  Nnn.  You phonio saxo?  Nnnn.
>                Clear all so!  `Tis a Jute.... (Finnegans Wake 16.5)
>



-- 
Mark

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Good point; I hadn&#39;t been looking at the latest draft.<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 6:36 AM, John Cowan &lt;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
Mark Davis scripsit:<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt; However, I agree with John that PrivateUse codes are special in terms of<br>
&gt; architecture of LTRU, are called out in the spec, and should be<br>
&gt; distinguished by more than just a Description. I&#39;m not sure about whether<br>
&gt; the Collections should qualify, since I don&#39;t think we don&#39;t have any part<br>
&gt; of LTRU, either the spec or usage, that depends on whether a code is a<br>
&gt; Collection or not.<br>
<br>
</div>See section 4.1, bullet point 4.1, in draft 14.<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
--<br>
John Cowan &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="http://www.ccil.org/~cowan" target="_blank">http://www.ccil.org/~cowan</a> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&lt;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a>&gt;<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;You tollerday donsk? &nbsp;N. &nbsp;You tolkatiff scowegian? &nbsp;Nn.<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;You spigotty anglease? &nbsp;Nnn. &nbsp;You phonio saxo? &nbsp;Nnnn.<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Clear all so! &nbsp;`Tis a Jute.... (Finnegans Wake 16.5)<br>
</font></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Mark

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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=20
Peter Constable wrote:=20

Given our current deliberations, it seems appropriate for me to give a =
heads up that the JAC has been given a request to have a
separate identifier for the V=F5ro variety within Estonian, and that a =
likely way of handling things, if it=92s decided to code that,
would be to change the scope for et/est from individual language to =
macrolanguage, with V=F5ro and at least one other variety as
encompassed languages.

Personally, I don't think that would not be helpful to the users of =
"standard" Estonian nor to the users of V=F5ro, nor to "us" or the
users of LSR.

=20

I think "doing a Frisian" (here clarify that est/et is closer to =
"standard" Estonian than might have previously been thought, and
just intro a new code for V=F5ro and maybe other new codes for other =
langauges closely related to Estonian) would be the lesser evil
here.

=20

I note that we have no trouble whatsoever with Frisian languages, but no =
end of trouble with Norwegian languages and Chinese
languages, in large part due to the macrolanguage codes. I would guess =
(I don't have a large (or even small) database on current
use) that just about all content tagged as 'et' is in "standard" =
Estonian, and next to none (or even none) is in V=F5ro. Though not
formally a language tag, Wikipedia, for instance, uses fiu-vro (a =
collection code augmented extlang style with a home-grown code for
V=F5ro) as the language prefix for V=F5ro Wikipedia, not et-something. =
Not that I think using a collection code that way is at all good
(or even use macrolanguage codes that way), I'm just noting that they =
DON'T use et-... .

=20

    /kent k

=20


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<DIV><FONT face=3DTahoma><FONT size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D722574016-03062008><FONT=20
face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DTahoma><FONT size=3D2>Peter Constable<SPAN=20
class=3D722574016-03062008><FONT face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff>&nbsp;wrote:&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
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style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV class=3DSection1>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal>Given our current deliberations, it seems =
appropriate for=20
  me to give a heads up that the JAC has been given a request to have a =
separate=20
  identifier for the V=F5ro variety within Estonian, and that a likely =
way of=20
  handling things, if it=92s decided to code that, would be to change =
the scope=20
  for et/est from individual language to macrolanguage, with V=F5ro and =
at least=20
  one other variety as encompassed =
languages.<o:p></o:p></P></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D722574016-03062008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>Personally, I=20
don't think that would not be helpful to the users of "standard" =
Estonian nor to=20
the users of V=F5ro, nor to "us" or the users of =
LSR.</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D722574016-03062008></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D722574016-03062008>I think "doing a Frisian" (here clarify that =
est/et is=20
closer to "standard" Estonian than might have previously been thought, =
and just=20
intro a new code for V=F5ro and maybe other new codes for other =
langauges closely=20
related to Estonian) would be the lesser evil here.</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D722574016-03062008></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D722574016-03062008>I note that we have no trouble whatsoever =
with Frisian=20
languages, but no end of trouble with Norwegian languages and Chinese =
languages,=20
in large part due to the macrolanguage codes. I would guess (I don't =
have a=20
large (or even small) database on current use) that just about all =
content=20
tagged as 'et' is in "standard" Estonian, and next to none (or even =
none) is in=20
V=F5ro. Though not formally a language tag, Wikipedia, for instance, =
uses fiu-vro=20
(a collection code augmented extlang style with a home-grown code for =
V=F5ro) as=20
the language prefix for V=F5ro Wikipedia, not et-something. Not that I =
think using=20
a collection code that way is at all good (or even use macrolanguage =
codes that=20
way), I'm just noting that they DON'T use et-... .</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D722574016-03062008></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D722574016-03062008>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /kent k</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D722574016-03062008></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P></BODY></HTML>

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	3cd65d5dcb47d6f2e956be3eb99603ea
Subject: Re: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
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Mark Davis  wrote:=20

I agree in general with Addison, about not loading down the repository =
with information that can be found elsewhere (especially where that =
information may change over time).=20

However, I agree with John that PrivateUse codes are special in terms of =
architecture of LTRU, are called out in the spec, and should be =
distinguished by more than just a Description. I'm not sure about =
whether the Collections should qualify, since I don't think we don't =
have any part of LTRU, either the spec or usage, that depends on whether =
a code is a Collection or not.=20

See the quoted text below that calls for special caution for using =
"Collection" codes, and continues with cautioning against special codes. =
I don't like relying on a particular word being present in the English =
description field, but rather have that in a separate field for the =
purpose. I'd be happy limiting this to just the values <individual =
(default, not given explicitly in LSR), macrolanguage, collection, =
special, private use (call it "local" if you like)>. And then to have =
the following text refer to "individual language codes/subtags" rather =
than "specific language subtags". "Specific" does not mean quite the =
same as "individual", though here they apparently mean the same. This =
would leave out info on <living, constructed, historic, ancient, ...> in =
the LSR, and that is ok I think, if there are too many objections.
=20
B.t.w., I think the first reference should be to -3 and -5, not (just) =
-2.
=20
        /kent k
=20
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
 =
<http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.html#ISO639-2>=
 [ISO639=E2=80=912] (International Organization for Standardization, =
=E2=80=9CISO 639-2:1998. Codes for the representation of names of =
languages -- Part 2: Alpha-3 code, first edition,=E2=80=9D 1998.) has =
defined several codes included in the subtag registry that require =
additional care when choosing language tags. In most of these cases, =
where omitting the language tag is permitted, such omission is =
preferable to using these codes. Language tags SHOULD NOT incorporate =
these subtags as a prefix, unless the additional information conveys =
some value to the application.=20

1.	Use specific language subtags or subtag sequences in preference to =
subtags for language collections. A "language collection" is a subtag =
derived from one of the  =
<http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.html#ISO639-5>=
 [ISO639=E2=80=915] (International Organization for Standardization, =
=E2=80=9CISO 639-5:1998. Codes for the representation of names of =
languages -- Part 5: Alpha-3 code for language families and =
groups,=E2=80=9D May 2008.) codes that represents multiple related =
languages. These codes are included as primary language subtags in the =
registry. For example, the code 'cmc' represents "Chamic languages". The =
registry contains values for each of the approximately ten individual =
languages represented by this collective code. Some other examples =
include the subtags Germanic languages ('gem') or Algonquian languages =
('alg'). Since these codes are interpreted inclusively, content tagged =
with "en" (English), "de" (German), or "gsw" (Swiss German, Alemannic) =
could also (but SHOULD NOT) be tagged with "gem" (Germanic languages). =
Subtags derived from collection codes SHOULD NOT be used be used unless =
more specific language information is not available. Note that matching =
implementations generally do not understand the relationship between the =
collection and its encompassed languages, and so users ought not assume =
a subtag based on a language collection is a useful means for selecting =
content in its encompassed languages.=20

	=20


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=EF=BB=BF<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dutf-8">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.6000.16640" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><FONT face=3DTahoma><FONT size=3D2>Mark Davis<SPAN=20
class=3D895064908-03062008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff>&nbsp;=20
wrote:&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV></DIV>I agree in general with Addison, about not loading down the =

  repository with information that can be found elsewhere (especially =
where that=20
  information may change over time).=20
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>However, I agree with John that PrivateUse codes are special in =
terms of=20
  architecture of LTRU, are called out in the spec, and should be =
distinguished=20
  by more than just a Description. I'm not sure about whether the =
Collections=20
  should qualify, since I don't think we don't have any part of LTRU, =
either the=20
  spec or usage, that depends on whether a code is a Collection or =
not.<SPAN=20
  class=3D895064908-03062008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE>
<DIV dir=3Dltr><SPAN class=3D895064908-03062008><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2>See the quoted text below that calls for special caution for =
using=20
"Collection" codes, and continues with cautioning against special codes. =
I don't=20
like relying on a particular word being present in the English =
description=20
field, but rather have that in a separate field for the purpose. I'd be =
happy=20
limiting this to just the values &lt;individual (default, not given =
explicitly=20
in LSR), macrolanguage, collection, special, private use (call it =
"local" if you=20
like)&gt;. And then to have the following text refer to "individual =
language=20
codes/subtags" rather than "specific language subtags". "Specific" does =
not mean=20
quite the same as "individual", though here they apparently mean the =
same. This=20
would leave out info on &lt;living, constructed, historic, ancient, =
...&gt; in=20
the LSR, and that is ok I think, if there are too many=20
objections.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr><SPAN class=3D895064908-03062008><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr><SPAN class=3D895064908-03062008><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2>B.t.w., I think the first reference should be to -3 and -5, not =
(just)=20
-2.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr><SPAN class=3D895064908-03062008><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
class=3D895064908-03062008>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
<FONT=20
face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>/kent k</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr><SPAN class=3D895064908-03062008><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr><SPAN class=3D895064908-03062008><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</FONT></SPAN></=
DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr><SPAN class=3D895064908-03062008><A class=3Dinfo=20
href=3D"http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.html#IS=
O639-2"><STRONG><FONT=20
color=3D#990000>[ISO639=E2=80=912]<SPAN> (</SPAN><SPAN =
class=3Dinfo>International=20
Organization for Standardization, =E2=80=9CISO 639-2:1998. Codes for the =
representation=20
of names of languages -- Part 2: Alpha-3 code, first edition,=E2=80=9D=20
1998.</SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN></FONT></STRONG></A> has defined several codes =

included in the subtag registry that require additional care when =
choosing=20
language tags. In most of these cases, where omitting the language tag =
is=20
permitted, such omission is preferable to using these codes. Language =
tags=20
SHOULD NOT incorporate these subtags as a prefix, unless the additional=20
information conveys some value to the application. </DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr>
<OL class=3Dtext>
  <LI>Use specific language subtags or subtag sequences in preference to =
subtags=20
  for language collections. A "language collection" is a subtag derived =
from one=20
  of the <A class=3Dinfo=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.html#IS=
O639-5"><STRONG><FONT=20
  color=3D#990000>[ISO639=E2=80=915]<SPAN> (</SPAN><SPAN =
class=3Dinfo>International=20
  Organization for Standardization, =E2=80=9CISO 639-5:1998. Codes for =
the=20
  representation of names of languages -- Part 5: Alpha-3 code for =
language=20
  families and groups,=E2=80=9D =
May&nbsp;2008.</SPAN><SPAN>)</SPAN></FONT></STRONG></A>=20
  codes that represents multiple related languages. These codes are =
included as=20
  primary language subtags in the registry. For example, the code 'cmc'=20
  represents "Chamic languages". The registry contains values for each =
of the=20
  approximately ten individual languages represented by this collective =
code.=20
  Some other examples include the subtags Germanic languages ('gem') or=20
  Algonquian languages ('alg'). Since these codes are interpreted =
inclusively,=20
  content tagged with "en" (English), "de" (German), or "gsw" (Swiss =
German,=20
  Alemannic) could also (but SHOULD NOT) be tagged with "gem" (Germanic=20
  languages). Subtags derived from collection codes SHOULD NOT be used =
be used=20
  unless more specific language information is not available. Note that =
matching=20
  implementations generally do not understand the relationship between =
the=20
  collection and its encompassed languages, and so users ought not =
assume a=20
  subtag based on a language collection is a useful means for selecting =
content=20
  in its encompassed languages.=20
  <DIV></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV></LI></OL></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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Kent Karlsson 2008-06-03 19.08:

>  =

> Peter Constable wrote: =

> =

>     Given our current deliberations, it seems appropriate for me to give
>     a heads up that the JAC has been given a request to have a separate
>     identifier for the V=F5ro variety within Estonian, and that a likely
>     way of handling things, if it=92s decided to code that, would be to
>     change the scope for et/est from individual language to
>     macrolanguage, with V=F5ro and at least one other variety as
>     encompassed languages.



I suppose "one other variety" =3D the dominant langauge? Then the =

qeustion is: does the main language need another name than Estonian?

 =

> Personally, I don't think that would not be helpful to the users of =

> "standard" Estonian nor to the users of V=F5ro, nor to "us" or the users =

> of LSR.
> =

> I think "doing a Frisian" (here clarify that est/et is closer to =

> "standard" Estonian than might have previously been thought, and just =

> intro a new code for V=F5ro and maybe other new codes for other langauges =

> closely related to Estonian) would be the lesser evil here.


If they have  Macrolanguage situation, then I think should do a =

Norwegian instead ;-) Or a Chinese.

> I note that we have no trouble whatsoever with Frisian languages, but no =

> end of trouble with Norwegian languages


I can't really get my self to speak about "Norwegian languages", =

in plural.

Norwegian is both a individual language and a macrolanguage.

Only from the perspective of written norm/literature language is =

Norwegian two.

> and Chinese languages, in large =

> part due to the macrolanguage codes. I would guess (I don't have a large =

> (or even small) database on current use) that just about all content =

> tagged as 'et' is in "standard" Estonian, and next to none (or even =

> none) is in V=F5ro. Though not formally a language tag, Wikipedia, for =

> instance, uses fiu-vro (a collection code augmented extlang style with a =

> home-grown code for V=F5ro) as the language prefix for V=F5ro Wikipedia, =
not =

> et-something. Not that I think using a collection code that way is at =

> all good (or even use macrolanguage codes that way), I'm just noting =

> that they DON'T use et-... =



That would definitely be a good way to use extlang. I would like =

it much better if Wikipedia used "no-bok" and "no-nyn", rather =

than "nn" for Nynorsk and "no" for Bokm=E5l.

But it defepends a little on those V=F5ro speakers. If they hate to =

define their language as Estoninan etc.
-- =

leif halvard silli
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Hi -

As a technical contributor...

> From: "Broome, Karen" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>
> To: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
> Cc: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Monday, June 02, 2008 10:52 PM
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
...
> I think what bothers me more than extlang or no-extlang is the narrowing
> I perceive in "zh" that seems to come with the no-extlang strategy.
> The historic registrations of other tags (such as zh-yue and zh-min-nan)
> clearly shows that "zh" has always included Cantonese and other Asian
> languages. Yes, I know that a very overwhelming number of these documents
> are in written Mandarin. But we have an overall rule that indicates the valid tag
> is the shortest tag that represents the language. It seems like you are indicating
> that "zh" is the shortest tag for Mandarin, but not Cantonese after RFC 4646bis.
> How can this be true without there being a narrowing?

I share this concern.  It must be crystal clear that 'zh' does NOT mean Mandarin,
but rather any kind of Chinese.  Of course, there are cases where one might
deliberately be imprecise in tagging, but we should not be so sloppy in our
own definitions to equate the label for the superset with the subset, just as
we must avoid falsely limiting 'de' to "Standard German" or 'ar' to "Standard
Arabic".  (I recognize that this concern is largely independent of the
syntactic decision to use or not use extlang.)

...
> I don't have a whole lot of insight into some of the other languages that use
> extlang. I'm wondering if the users of those languages have similar issues
> where there may be mutually intelligible written forms that are not mutually
> intelligible when spoken (or vice versa).

We need to recognize that there are cases where having
an extlang might make sense, but none is available, so
the extlang approach doesn't help.  Some examples:
  - spoken Serbian and Croatian
  - Romanian and Moldovan.  

Randy

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Randy Presuhn <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>, LTRU Working Group
	<ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2008 11:32:08 -0700
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>
> I share this concern.  It must be crystal clear that 'zh' does NOT
> mean Mandarin,
> but rather any kind of Chinese.

+1

> Of course, there are cases where
> one might
> deliberately be imprecise in tagging, but we should not be so

It is always permissible to tag Mandarin as 'zh'. It is also permissible, within one's own application, to require that people who want something other than Mandarin to use a different tag than 'zh'. For example they can be required to use the tag (choose one: yue | zh-yue).

What is not permissible is to dismiss someone else's Cantonese content tagged as 'zh' as wrong.

A corollary example might help:

It is always permissible to tag US English as 'en'. It is also permissible, within one's own application, to require that people who want something other than US English to us a different tag from 'en'. For example, they can be required to use the tag 'en-GB'.

What is not permissible is to dismiss someone else's UK English content tagged as 'en' as wrong.

Addison
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From: "Broome, Karen" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2008 11:42:58 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
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If it wasn't already clear from my previous e-mail, I absolutely agree with this. (And Addison probably said it better than I did. Thanks!)

Karen

>-----Original Message-----
>From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
>Of Phillips, Addison
>Sent: Tuesday, June 03, 2008 11:32 AM
>To: Randy Presuhn; LTRU Working Group
>Subject: Re: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
>
>>
>> I share this concern.  It must be crystal clear that 'zh' does NOT
>> mean Mandarin,
>> but rather any kind of Chinese.
>
>+1
>
>> Of course, there are cases where
>> one might
>> deliberately be imprecise in tagging, but we should not be so
>
>It is always permissible to tag Mandarin as 'zh'. It is also
>permissible, within one's own application, to require that people
>who want something other than Mandarin to use a different tag than
>'zh'. For example they can be required to use the tag (choose one:
>yue | zh-yue).
>
>What is not permissible is to dismiss someone else's Cantonese
>content tagged as 'zh' as wrong.
>
>A corollary example might help:
>
>It is always permissible to tag US English as 'en'. It is also
>permissible, within one's own application, to require that people
>who want something other than US English to us a different tag from
>'en'. For example, they can be required to use the tag 'en-GB'.
>
>What is not permissible is to dismiss someone else's UK English
>content tagged as 'en' as wrong.
>
>Addison
>_______________________________________________
>Ltru mailing list
>Ltru@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
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hi -

As a technical contributor...

> From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
> To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>; "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Tuesday, June 03, 2008 11:32 AM
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
...
> A corollary example might help:
> 
> It is always permissible to tag US English as 'en'.
> It is also permissible, within one's own application,
> to require that people who want something other than
> US English to us a different tag from 'en'.
> For example, they can be required to use the tag 'en-GB'.
> 
> What is not permissible is to dismiss someone else's
> UK English content tagged as 'en' as wrong.
...

It is also permissible, within one's own application,
to tag UK English as 'en' and require US English to be
tagged 'en-US'.  But "permissible" doesn't mean "advisable".
I would argue that if an application knows the difference
and cares about the difference, that it would be much better
to use both 'en-GB' and 'en-US', and reserve naked 'en' for
the cases where there's no value in making the distinction
(e.g., it can't tell or doesn't care).

Randy

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
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Phillips, Addison 2008-06-03 20.32:

>> I share this concern.  It must be crystal clear that 'zh'
>> does NOT mean Mandarin, but rather any kind of Chinese.
> =

> +1
> =

>> Of course, there are cases where one might deliberately be
>> imprecise in tagging, but we should not be so
> =

> It is always permissible to tag Mandarin as 'zh'. It is also


I hear this a lot:

	=AB'zh' is for all Chinese. But it is permissible to use 'zh' for =

Mandarin.=BB

If you really want to emphasize that 'zh' is for all, then you =

must start saing that it is permissible to use 'zh' for Cantonese =

- because we allready know that it is allowed for Mandarine.

> permissible, within one's own application, to require that
> people who want something other than Mandarin to use a
> different tag than 'zh'. For example they can be required to
> use the tag (choose one: yue | zh-yue).

Then it is also permissible to require Mandarin users to use 'cmn'.

If we, as Doug said, "believe" in the macrolangauge thing, that it =

describes a real thing, then we should emphasize that it is not at =

all advicable to say that 'zh' means Cantonese or Mandarin in any =

context.

What we *should* say is that the Macrolanguage code should not be =

locked to any particular variety. Application developers should =

strive to keep it as a "free code" - a wild card that can be used =

by any of the encompassed languages.

By wild card I mean this: when I use Mac OS X with Nynorsk as =

preferred langgae, then 'no' should lean towards meaning 'nn'. =

That is: If a text editor is tagged as having 'no' interface, =

then, even if this in reality means that it is Bokm=E5l, still, for =

deciding which spell checking dictionary to use as default (often =

this is synced with the GUI langauge), the application should =

default to 'nn'/Nynorsk. But if I run Mac OS X with Bokm=E5l as =

preferred langauge, then 'no' should default to be interpreted as =

an alias for 'nb' - thus bokm=E5l dictionaries should be picked.

The users will then have to accept that they cannot expect to have =

full control over the interface language of applications tagged as =

'no'. And this is not difficult. Users accept this easily. As long =

as you do not use 'no' but translate it in the user interface as =

'Nynorsk' or 'Bokm=E5l'. Same for zh/Chinese, if it in some language =

is translated as 'Mandarin', then you will get user reactions if =

you use it for any thing else but Mandarin. Hence, such use should =

be avoided.


> What is not permissible is to dismiss someone else's Cantonese
> content tagged as 'zh' as wrong.
> =

> A corollary example might help:
> =

> It is always permissible to tag US English as 'en'. It is also
> permissible, within one's own application, to require that
> people who want something other than US English to us a
> different tag from 'en'. For example, they can be required to
> use the tag 'en-GB'.
> =

> What is not permissible is to dismiss someone else's UK English
> content tagged as 'en' as wrong.


Let me reuse your example:

  In Mac OS X I can select UK English as preferred language. =

Unless 'en_UK' localisations are available, then the 'en' tagged =

localisations with 'en-US' content will be served. However, there =

will be one important difference: UK dictioanaries will be =

preferred over US ones. And and certain other things will shift to =

its British values.

Just like the "color" of the "en" tag shifts based on whether the =

user prefers en-US, en-UK, en-Ca etc, the same way the =

Macrolanguage tag should shift according to which variety of the =

Chinese/Norwegian/Arabic language one is preferring.

Btw, since I have been critical about Apple, I think they do the =

right thing when they use 'en' for US English *while still* =

translating its meaning as "English" and not as "US English". It =

is *this* which is permissible. And if this is what you mean, =

Addision, then I agree with you. But if you mean that one can use =

"en" but put a "US English" on it as a label, then I disagree.
-- =

leif halvard silli
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Phillips, Addison wrote:
> It is always permissible to tag Mandarin as 'zh'. It is also 
> permissible, within one's own application, to require that 
> people who want something other than Mandarin to use a 
> different tag than 'zh'. For example they can be required to 
> use the tag (choose one: yue | zh-yue).
> 
> What is not permissible is to dismiss someone else's 
> Cantonese content tagged as 'zh' as wrong.
> 
> A corollary example might help:
> 
> It is always permissible to tag US English as 'en'. It is 
> also permissible, within one's own application, to require 
> that people who want something other than US English to us a 
> different tag from 'en'. For example, they can be required to 
> use the tag 'en-GB'.
> 
> What is not permissible is to dismiss someone else's UK 
> English content tagged as 'en' as wrong.


You're comparing an apple/pear situation with a peach/nectarine
situation, if you allow me the analogy. There are differences
between ("standard") en-US and ("standard") en-GB, sure. But
it is (most often) VERY small compared to differences between
languages covered by a macrolanguage code. The latter varies
in degree of difference, but for zh, someone (who I think knows
this) compared cmn/yue differences as en par with fr/es
differences, in addition pointing out that the difference was
greater than between Scandinavian languages.

I'm sure you would not want a macrolanguage code for fr/es,
even if there was a way to get that (like way back when...),
nor recommend using a collection code for Gallo-Iberian
for language tagging.

	/kent k

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Randy Presuhn <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>, LTRU Working Group
	<ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2008 12:43:49 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
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>
> It is also permissible, within one's own application,
> to tag UK English as 'en' and require US English to be
> tagged 'en-US'.  But "permissible" doesn't mean "advisable".
> I would argue that if an application knows the difference
> and cares about the difference, that it would be much better
> to use both 'en-GB' and 'en-US', and reserve naked 'en' for
> the cases where there's no value in making the distinction
> (e.g., it can't tell or doesn't care).
>

I don't disagree. However...

The classic software fallback problem (sorry Karen) is that when someone requests "en-AQ" and you don't have any Antarctic English resources, one falls back on some content, which is typically labeled (in software resources) 'en'. This 'en' content can be one variety or another, but not both. In English this isn't always a problem. The foregoing sentence, for example, is good as both "en-US" and "en-GB".

Things are less good when there are disparities and no generic choice exists. Some years ago I work on a project that including localization of a product into Simplified Chinese--but only Simplified, not Traditional. That product also sold in Traditional Chinese speaking markets. Installing 'zh' labeled resources mean that ALL Chinese-locale configured systems might have displayed Simplified Chinese, so I had to implement certain checks to ensure that Traditional Chinese markets didn't see the Simplified (they saw the default resources instead).

Yes, the resources could have be labeled more specifically than 'zh'. But then I would run the risk of having a user with an unfamiliar locale configuration not seeing the Chinese resources they paid for. So the "permissible" and "advisable" bar may be set at different heights under different circumstances.

Addison
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Broome, Karen wrote:

> We have promised backwards compatibility,

Backwards compatibility w.r.t. zh-<something> is provided by
that the grandfathered tags are kept in LSR, even if deprecated
with another preferred value. So I consider this a non-argument.

	/kent k

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Leif Halvard Silli wrote:

> If they have  Macrolanguage situation,

They don't, almost by definition. See Peter's explanation
of why the notion of "macrolanguage" was invented. It had to
do with matching -2 codes with -3 codes. So far V=F5ro has
not had a language code, so there is no such matching issue.

> then I think should do a Norwegian instead ;-) Or a Chinese.

Why would you want to foist such a language tagging disaster
upon the users of Estonian and V=F5ro? Look at the trouble "we"
are having with macrolanguages. "End users" would surely not
be less confused.

	/kent k

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> >
> > It is always permissible to tag US English as 'en'. It is
> > also permissible, within one's own application, to require
> > that people who want something other than US English to us a
> > different tag from 'en'. For example, they can be required to
> > use the tag 'en-GB'.
> >
> > What is not permissible is to dismiss someone else's UK
> > English content tagged as 'en' as wrong.
>
>
> You're comparing an apple/pear situation with a peach/nectarine
> situation, if you allow me the analogy. There are differences
> between ("standard") en-US and ("standard") en-GB, sure. But
> it is (most often) VERY small compared to differences between
> languages covered by a macrolanguage code.

Yes. Actually, see my just-posted message. I know this is the case, but I was attempting to draw an illustrative analogy without getting carried away.

> The latter varies
> in degree of difference, but for zh, someone (who I think knows
> this) compared cmn/yue differences as en par with fr/es
> differences, in addition pointing out that the difference was
> greater than between Scandinavian languages.

There are many flavors of difference. How well-received those differences are depends on the specific case. In the 'en' case, one might be satisfied pretty well with the US English information, regardless of which flavo(u)r one prefers. In the 'zh' case, perhaps this is less the case. It doesn't invalidate the problem.

(laughing) For example, when I typed the above paragraph, my spell checker "fixed" 'flavour' to 'flavor' automagically. I had to fix it to make it stick (before deciding to include the parens). If I had requested UK English, I might have been peeved at that.

>
> I'm sure you would not want a macrolanguage code for fr/es,
> even if there was a way to get that (like way back when...),
> nor recommend using a collection code for Gallo-Iberian
> for language tagging.
>

No, but, again, that's not my point. My point is that one can use less-specific tags consciously and deliberately to create a specific effect.

Addison
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From: "Broome, Karen" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>
To: Kent Karlsson <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>, "'LTRU Working Group'"
	<ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2008 13:10:39 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
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What about the backwards compatibility of just "zh" used for Cantonese or Taiwanese? Sure, it will be valid, but if companies develop algorithms assuming that zh=Mandarin because we've advised them that this is a best practice even if that's not exactly what ISO says, that's not so backward compatible. And "zh-yue" becomes a contradiction in terms.

Karen

>-----Original Message-----
>From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
>Of Kent Karlsson
>Sent: Tuesday, June 03, 2008 12:53 PM
>To: 'LTRU Working Group'
>Subject: Re: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
>
>Broome, Karen wrote:
>
>> We have promised backwards compatibility,
>
>Backwards compatibility w.r.t. zh-<something> is provided by
>that the grandfathered tags are kept in LSR, even if deprecated
>with another preferred value. So I consider this a non-argument.
>
>        /kent k
>
>_______________________________________________
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Randy Presuhn 2008-06-03 20.58:

> As a technical contributor...
> =

>> From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
>> To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>; "LTRU Working Group"=
 <ltru@ietf.org>
>> Sent: Tuesday, June 03, 2008 11:32 AM
>> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
> ...
>> A corollary example might help:
>> =

>> It is always permissible to tag US English as 'en'.
>> It is also permissible, within one's own application,
>> to require that people who want something other than
>> US English to us a different tag from 'en'.
>> For example, they can be required to use the tag 'en-GB'.
>> =

>> What is not permissible is to dismiss someone else's
>> UK English content tagged as 'en' as wrong.
> ...
> =

> It is also permissible, within one's own application,
> to tag UK English as 'en' and require US English to be
> tagged 'en-US'.  But "permissible" doesn't mean "advisable".


Agree.

> I would argue that if an application knows the difference
> and cares about the difference, that it would be much better
> to use both 'en-GB' and 'en-US', and reserve naked 'en' for
> the cases where there's no value in making the distinction
> (e.g., it can't tell or doesn't care).

Almost agree. But I do not think that the en/en-US/en-UK example =

covers the Macrolanguage situation 100%.

Where I agree with you is that the 'en' should be used "for the =

cases where there's no value in making the disctinction". =

However, when a system is offered only in one variant of English, =

then were is the value in making any distinction?

I think this is a parallell to macrolanguages. If you only plan on =

supporting the macrolanguage - whichever encompassed language you =

pick to represent it - there is little value in saying "Mandarin" =

or "Bokm=E5l". Just say "Chinese" and "Norwegian".

Then, when the OS vendor switches to support more of the =

encompassed varieties -- and if  translations for the new, =

encompassed languages are not immmediately available for all of =

the languages -- then the  macrolanguage code could be used as a =

tag for applications which only exist in the dominant language, =

thus (hopefully) making them available for all the encompassed =

langauges.

(For example, for Norwegian Mac OS X, Apple could have offered the =

basic OS X GUI in 'nn' tagged Nynorsk and 'nb' tagged Bokm=E5l. Two =

NOrwegian GUIs for the two usergroups. At the same time, they =

could have kept their old base of 'no' tagged Bokm=E5l applications =

in order to make them available for both Nynorsk and Bokm=E5l users.)

So, where I differ from many  of you -- it seems -- is that I see =

a **permanent** value in the Macrolanguage tag.
-- =

leif halvard silli
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Phillips, Addison 2008-06-03 21.43:

>> It is also permissible, within one's own application, to tag
>> UK English as 'en' and require US English to be tagged
>> 'en-US'.  But "permissible" doesn't mean "advisable". I would
>> argue that if an application knows the difference and cares
>> about the difference, that it would be much better to use
>> both 'en-GB' and 'en-US', and reserve naked 'en' for the
>> cases where there's no value in making the distinction (e.g.,
>> it can't tell or doesn't care).
>> 
> 
> I don't disagree. However...

   [...]

> Yes, the resources could have be labeled more specifically than
> 'zh'. But then I would run the risk of having a user with an
> unfamiliar locale configuration not seeing the Chinese
> resources they paid for. [...]


A well known issue ...
-- 
leif halvard silli
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Kent Karlsson 2008-06-03 21.54:

> Leif Halvard Silli wrote:
> =

>> If they have  Macrolanguage situation,
> =

> They don't, almost by definition. See Peter's explanation
> of why the notion of "macrolanguage" was invented. It had to
> do with matching -2 codes with -3 codes. So far V=F5ro has
> not had a language code, so there is no such matching issue.



I don't know how to literally I should take that - or Peter's claim.

But even if I should take it very literally, that it is all only a =

"coding accident", then we should not fool ourselves into =

believing that that the accident happened because of sloppy ISO =

specifications. The "trouble" is rooted in language reality, no =

matter what. It is not because of ISO that both Nynorsk and Bokm=E5l =

users say that they have Norwegian as mothertongue.


>> then I think should do a Norwegian instead ;-) Or a Chinese.
> =

> Why would you want to foist such a language tagging disaster
> upon the users of Estonian and V=F5ro? Look at the trouble "we"
> are having with macrolanguages. "End users" would surely not
> be less confused.


I do absoultely want 3 tags for Norwegian. But I have been =

assuming that it would simpler to use correctly under an extlang =

solution. And I still think that this would be simpler for users =

to get.

I read that there were 70.000 Voro speakers. I do not think that =

this little group wants that their "language striving" only =

results in a big "default to English" each time they cannot have =

Voro content/applications/searchresults.
-- =

leif halvard sillli
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] early proto draft-15...
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> The diffs are: > >   http://tinyurl.com/3whwwg  (hwdiff)

This doesn't work yet, because you haven't submitted -15 yet.

> Comments welcome.

2.1:  s/the US-ASCII repertoire/the relevant part of the US-ASCII
repertoire/.  A long-standing bug.

2.2.2: s/identify languages/identify certain languages/.

2.2.4, bullet 3E: refers to 4645 rather than 4645 and 4645bis.

2.2.5: need to explain here that "Prefix" is not to be taken literally:
it contains subtags that must appear before the given variant.  This is
explained elsewhere, but needs to be here.

2.2.9: The line "Language tags may be well-formed in terms of syntax
but not valid in terms of content" should be moved to the start of the
2nd graf.

2.2.9: The next-to-last graf's sentences are in the wrong order:

	Users MUST NOT assign and use their own subtags, other than in
	private-use sequences (such as "en-x-personal").  Not only is
	such assignment nonconformatn, it also risks collision with a
	possible future assignment.  However, private-use ISO subtags
	may be used instead of private-use sequences.

3.1.1: in "encoding, unless otherwise indicated, fields" it is not clear
which phrase the "unless otherwise indicated" relates to.  Move it to
the end of the sentence.

3.1.4: s/corresponds to the Reference Name/corresponds whenever possible
to the Reference Name/.  Collective language codes don't have an ISO
639-3 Reference Name, so this guarantee never worked anyhow.

3.1.6:	Bullet points 1 and 2 look fundamentally the same.  In bullet
point 3, s/encoded/encoded by an ISO standard/.

3.4, bullet point 11.2:  s/MUST in a/MUST contain a/.

3.6:  s/ISO defines a for additions to/ISO defines a registration
authority for additions to/.

4.1.1: examples at the end need updating.

4.1.2: this whole section needs updating.

4.3: example about "both zh and nan" no longer fits.

I didn't review 4.4 or later sections, but I checked the diffs and didn't
see any issues.  Appendix B needs updating to show some extlangs used
both with and without lower-level subtags.

-- 
There are three kinds of people in the world:   John Cowan
those who can count,                            cowan@ccil.org
and those who can't.
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2008 15:56:31 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] early proto draft-15...
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>
> Phillips, Addison scripsit:
>
> > The diffs are: > >   http://tinyurl.com/3whwwg  (hwdiff)
>
> This doesn't work yet, because you haven't submitted -15 yet.

Sure it works: both documents are pulled from the Inter-Locale server copy. Perhaps you tried when my server was down or something?

I'll reply to the content comments under separate cover.

Addison


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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> > This doesn't work yet, because you haven't submitted -15 yet.
> 
> Sure it works: both documents are pulled from the Inter-Locale server
> copy. Perhaps you tried when my server was down or something?

Huh.  It works now.  Before I was getting all the words in -14
crossed out, as if -15 was empty.

-- 
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those who can count,                            cowan@ccil.org
and those who can't.
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Jun  3 16:27:39 2008
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
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(editor hat on)

Note that changes noted below are not posted at this time.
>
> 2.1:  s/the US-ASCII repertoire/the relevant part of the US-ASCII
> repertoire/.  A long-standing bug.

DONE.

>
> 2.2.2: s/identify languages/identify certain languages/.

DONE.

>
> 2.2.4, bullet 3E: refers to 4645 rather than 4645 and 4645bis.

NOT DONE (pending information)

Maybe. Will 4645bis repeat the relevant text? My impression was that 4645 has the Date A/Date B/etc. stuff and 4645bis has newer rules for registry restart. Doug?

>
> 2.2.5: need to explain here that "Prefix" is not to be taken
> literally:
> it contains subtags that must appear before the given variant.
> This is
> explained elsewhere, but needs to be here.

DONE.

>
> 2.2.9: The line "Language tags may be well-formed in terms of
> syntax
> but not valid in terms of content" should be moved to the start of
> the
> 2nd graf.

DONE, but I moved it after the first sentence in the second para. That way the definition of well-formed occurs and then the explication that well-formed is not everything.

>
> 2.2.9: The next-to-last graf's sentences are in the wrong order:
>
>         Users MUST NOT assign and use their own subtags, other than
> in
>         private-use sequences (such as "en-x-personal").  Not only
> is
>         such assignment nonconformatn, it also risks collision with
> a
>         possible future assignment.  However, private-use ISO
> subtags
>         may be used instead of private-use sequences.

DONE. A substantial rewrite was needed here:

<t>Subtags designated for private use or private-use sequences introduced by the 'x' subtag are available for cases in which no assigned subtags are available and registration is not a suitable option. For example, one might use a tag such as "no-QQ", where 'QQ' is one of a range of private-use ISO 3166-1 codes to indicate an otherwise-undefined region. Users MUST NOT assign and use subtags that do not appear in the registry other than in private-use sequences (such the subtag 'personal' in the tag "en-x-personal"). Not only is such assignment nonconformant, it also risks collision with a future possible assignment or registration.</t>

>
> 3.1.1: in "encoding, unless otherwise indicated, fields" it is not
> clear
> which phrase the "unless otherwise indicated" relates to.  Move it
> to
> the end of the sentence.

DONE:

<t>Although the file format uses the UTF-8 encoding fields are restricted to the printable characters from the <xref target="ISO646">US-ASCII</xref> repertoire unless otherwise indicated in the specific field description below.</t>

>
> 3.1.4: s/corresponds to the Reference Name/corresponds whenever
> possible
> to the Reference Name/.  Collective language codes don't have an
> ISO
> 639-3 Reference Name, so this guarantee never worked anyhow.

DONE.

>
> 3.1.6:  Bullet points 1 and 2 look fundamentally the same.  In
> bullet
> point 3, s/encoded/encoded by an ISO standard/.

The second one should say " Subtags (other than language codes) taken from codes or values that have been withdrawn in favor of a new code."

>
> 3.4, bullet point 11.2:  s/MUST in a/MUST contain a/.

(groan)

DONE

>
> 3.6:  s/ISO defines a for additions to/ISO defines a registration
> authority for additions to/.

DONE.

>
> 4.1.1: examples at the end need updating.

Not done yet.

>
> 4.1.2: this whole section needs updating.

Agreed. Not done yet.

>
> 4.3: example about "both zh and nan" no longer fits.

DONE. Used 'no'/'nn' are a replacement.

>
> I didn't review 4.4 or later sections, but I checked the diffs and
> didn't
> see any issues.  Appendix B needs updating to show some extlangs
> used
> both with and without lower-level subtags.
>

Agreed.

Addison
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Kent Karlsson


> > If they have  Macrolanguage situation,
>
> They don't, almost by definition. See Peter's explanation
> of why the notion of "macrolanguage" was invented. It had to
> do with matching -2 codes with -3 codes. So far V=F5ro has
> not had a language code, so there is no such matching issue.

I don't quite follow this. The origins of the macrolanguage notion arose in=
 figuring out how to map items in 639-2 with the candidates for 639-3, but =
the definition of macrolanguage doesn't reference that.

If et/est was only used for Standard Estonian, then it might be possible to=
 say that V=F5ro is simply something new. On the other hand, if there is ex=
isting usage of et/est for V=F5ro, and if V=F5ro and Std Estonian are consi=
dered distinct languages, then it would be the case that et/est is used (at=
 least in some contexts) for distinct languages -- making it either a colle=
ction or macrolanguage. If there are some contexts in which et/est is consi=
dered to be a single language, then those options are reduced to macrolangu=
age.

There are a bunch of "if"s in there. Your suggestion earlier is that we not=
 consider et/est as encompassing V=F5ro. There are, however, known instance=
s of just that, however.

At some point, we face a dilemma: either

- we intentionally narrow denotations to ensure stability and freedom from =
problems for the majority language; or

- we deprecate the existing category and create new categories for the spli=
t, giving us a set of categories free of the macrolanguage problems and sta=
bility in the denotation of existing IDs, but a situation in which a deprec=
ated category is what many applications continue to use and consider prefer=
red, and in which there's no formal connection between the old ID and the n=
ew ones; or

- we re-scope the existing ID as macrolanguage and add new IDs for encompas=
sed languages, ensuring stability in denotation of the existing ID but taki=
ng on potential issues that come with macrolanguages (we probably are hopin=
g that the macrolanguage can continue to be used as in the past, with most =
actual usage being specifically for the predominant language, the rest not =
being of significance for most of our applications); or

- we push back on requests to encode the encompassed varieties, possibly ig=
noring legitimate cases with valid needs.



Peter
_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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>
> > Type: language
> > Subtag: yue
> > Description: Cantonese Chinese
> > ...
> >
> > Type: extlang
> > Subtag: yue
> > Prefix: zh
> > Description: Cantonese Chinese
> > Preferred-Value: yue
> > Deprecated: 2008-06-02
>
> Actually, there's a real, objective problem with this, beyond the
> question of whether Doug likes deprecated-at-birth subtags or not.
>
> If we do this, we will have to create an exception to our rules
> about
> Preferred-Value.  Normally a subtag has a Preferred-Value of the
> same
> type, but we will have to change this so that a subtag of type
> "extlang"
> has a Preferred-Value of type "language."

Nope. See the text in draft-15.

'extlang', like grandfathered and redundant, uses an extended language range in draft-15.

Addison
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Leif Halvard Silli


> What we *should* say is that the Macrolanguage code should not be
> locked to any particular variety. Application developers should
> strive to keep it as a "free code" - a wild card that can be used
> by any of the encompassed languages...

> The users will then have to accept that they cannot expect to have
> full control over the interface language of applications tagged as
> 'no'... Same for zh/Chinese...

OK, so a user selects "Cantonese" as their preference, and some apps have Cantonese UI but other apps have Mandarin UI? And then when they search on the Web all the results they get are in Mandarin? And they'd find that acceptable?

Is that what you're suggesting?

(I'm not making any judgments; I just want to understand.)



Peter
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Broome, Karen


> What about the backwards compatibility of just "zh" used for Cantonese
> or Taiwanese? Sure, it will be valid, but if companies develop
> algorithms assuming that zh=Mandarin because we've advised them that
> this is a best practice even if that's not exactly what ISO says,
> that's not so backward compatible. And "zh-yue" becomes a contradiction
> in terms.

Is anyone suggesting that we recommend as best practice that algorithms assume zh = Mandarin?

The closest I have come is to say people should be aware that zh has very often been used in relation to Mandarin resources/content, and that they should evaluate what that may imply for their scenarios.




Peter
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> > It must be crystal clear that 'zh' does NOT mean Mandarin, but rather
> > any kind of Chinese.  Of course, there are cases where one might
> > deliberately be imprecise in tagging, but we should not be so sloppy
> > in our own definitions to equate the label for the superset with the
> > subset, just as we must avoid falsely limiting 'de' to "Standard
> > German" or 'ar' to "Standard Arabic".
>
> We should decide whether this is the general sense of the working group,
> or if it's more along the lines of "Tagging non-Mandarin Chinese with
> 'zh' is comparable to walking through dangerous neighborhoods in the
> middle of the night, blindfolded, with $100 bills pinned to one's
> body."

Whether or not it is so risky depends on the scenario. There are some scenarios in which it may be completely unproblematic to tag content in either Mandarin or Cantonese as "zh". Librarians do the ISO 639-2 equivalent of that all the time, for example. There may also be applications in which there would certain risks in tagging Cantonese content as "zh", and in principle there may also be applications in which tagging Mandarin content as "zh" might present risks.

"zh" means "Chinese"; not Mandarin, not Cantonese.

Know the requirements of your application scenarios; tag wisely.




Peter
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> This is much worse than slightly imprecise tagging, or tagging that
> doesn't exhibit perfect fallback behavior; this is cowboy tagging.

I agree. May the fleas of 4000 open-range longhorns infest their applications.




Peter
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Peter Constable scripsit:

> - we push back on requests to encode the encompassed varieties,
> possibly ignoring legitimate cases with valid needs.

Or you urge them to head for ietf-languages.

-- 
Real FORTRAN programmers can program FORTRAN    John Cowan
in any language.  --Allen Brown                 cowan@ccil.org
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From: Shawn Steele <Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com>
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Date: Tue, 3 Jun 2008 22:17:46 -0700
Thread-Topic: zh != Mandarin
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I think that lots of people feel that zh != Mandarin and that this should be clear.  I don't think anyone objects to that?

I also believe that there's a general consensus that some applications may want to match/filter zh when looking for Mandarin (or Cantonese), and that this isn't "best practice", but MAY be useful to some applications because of the historical use of zh.

Is there any disagreement with this?  There's been a lot of discussion on this topic, and that seems to be most of Karen's concern with any form of "zh".  I *think* we're all saying basically the same thing.  Does anyone object to being clear that zh != Mandarin?

- Shawn
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[technical hat on]

I'm also leaning towards recommending to not split up et,
the same way others have recommended on this list.

I'd also like to take this to explain my preference for using extlangs.
Over the recent weeks, I have come to the conclusion that part of what
affects my preference for extlangs is what I'd have wanted to happen
in the case German was a Macrolanguage (a case that Mark has brought
up quite a few times).

Assume there was 'de' (well, there actually is), and there was a request
to encode Swiss German, under the assumption that 'de' somehow included
Swiss German, but most resources tagged 'de' were (close to) Standard
German. I think I would be rather surprised and quite annoyed if the
collective outcome was that not only Swiss German had to be tagged as
'gsw' (so far, so good, either 'gsw' or 'de-gsw' would be fine), but
also that while 'de' was still tolerated for any German, good tagging
practice meant that all 'de' tags had to be changed, most of them to
some completely new code 'ge@'. If I lived in Switzerland, a lot of
my content would be in Standard German and therefore affected.

Changing from 'de' to 'ge@' would look and feel silly. Changing from
'de' to 'de-ge@' would be an increase in precision, also implying that
'de' wasn't in principle wrong or outdated. And in my view much less
confusing for the majority of users. Mind you, while I understand
that, and why, linguistically Swiss German is treated as a separate
language, people in Switzerland talk about, and understand Swiss
German as a collection of German dialects. And it's in my view
mostly these end-users that we have to think about, because they
are the biggest group of people who will use these tags.

Given that it is not really fully clear yet what we as a group
will end up with, I'd definitely want to spare the Estonians
the trouble of having two codes for mostly the same thing
just to be correct in terms of coding policy.

I wonder whether a designation for et as follows wouldn't work:

et     Estonian (mostly Standard Estonian)

As just recently discussed on this list, it wouldn't be wrong for
German either, it would actually be more appropriate :-!

At 10:22 08/06/04, Peter Constable wrote:
>> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>> Kent Karlsson
>
>
>> > If they have  Macrolanguage situation,
>>
>> They don't, almost by definition. See Peter's explanation
>> of why the notion of "macrolanguage" was invented. It had to
>> do with matching -2 codes with -3 codes. So far V$B‰S(Bo has
>> not had a language code, so there is no such matching issue.
>
>I don't quite follow this. The origins of the macrolanguage notion arose in 
>figuring out how to map items in 639-2 with the candidates for 639-3, but 
>the definition of macrolanguage doesn't reference that.
>
>If et/est was only used for Standard Estonian, then it might be possible to 
>say that V$B‰S(Bo is simply something new. On the other hand, if there is 
>existing usage of et/est for V$B‰S(Bo, and if V$B‰S(Bo and Std Estonian are 
>considered distinct languages, then it would be the case that et/est is 
>used (at least in some contexts) for distinct languages -- making it either 
>a collection or macrolanguage. If there are some contexts in which et/est 
>is considered to be a single language, then those options are reduced to 
>macrolanguage.
>
>There are a bunch of "if"s in there. Your suggestion earlier is that we not 
>consider et/est as encompassing V$B‰S(Bo. There are, however, known instances 
>of just that, however.
>
>At some point, we face a dilemma: either
>
>- we intentionally narrow denotations to ensure stability and freedom from 
>problems for the majority language; or

The idea that a language code/subtag is completely stable in denotation
is anyway just an ideal. As we know, languages change all the time.
In the limit, there may be books that a librarian tagged as 'et'
because s/he figured out it was published in Estonia, or what,
without really being even close to understanding any Estonian
or Vo"ro. Also, we don't know how many taggers used 'et' because
they knew about Vo"ro, were looking in the list, and said:
"Well, it's not Estonian, but the best code I can find in the
list is Estonian, so I'll go with that for the lack of something
better." None of these in any way imply that 'et' included Vo"ro
in its denotation. Indeed all we have for 'et' in 693-1
(which is the main source for this code in LTRU) is the name
of the language.

Regards,    Martin.


>- we deprecate the existing category and create new categories for the 
>split, giving us a set of categories free of the macrolanguage problems and 
>stability in the denotation of existing IDs, but a situation in which a 
>deprecated category is what many applications continue to use and consider 
>preferred, and in which there's no formal connection between the old ID and 
>the new ones; or
>
>- we re-scope the existing ID as macrolanguage and add new IDs for 
>encompassed languages, ensuring stability in denotation of the existing ID 
>but taking on potential issues that come with macrolanguages (we probably 
>are hoping that the macrolanguage can continue to be used as in the past, 
>with most actual usage being specifically for the predominant language, the 
>rest not being of significance for most of our applications); or
>
>- we push back on requests to encode the encompassed varieties, possibly 
>ignoring legitimate cases with valid needs.
>
>
>
>Peter
>_______________________________________________
>Ltru mailing list
>Ltru@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp      mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp    


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At 11:54 08/06/04, Peter Constable wrote:

>OK, so a user selects "Cantonese" as their preference, and some apps have 
>Cantonese UI but other apps have Mandarin UI? And then when they search on 
>the Web all the results they get are in Mandarin? And they'd find that 
>acceptable?

"acceptable" is a stretchable term, in most cases. Some Cantonese
users may prefer a Mandarin UI to a UI in French or English or what
not. Given what we have heard on this list about written Cantonese
and Mandarin, it may even be that most Cantonese users would have
such a preference. For search results again, they may prefer
something relevant in Mandarin to nothing/irrelevant in Cantonese,
even though of course their top preference is relevant stuff in
Cantonese.

Regards,    Martin.


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Consensus call: extlang
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Peter Constable 2008-06-04 04.54:

>> [...] On Behalf Of Leif Halvard Silli
>> What we *should* say is that the Macrolanguage code should
>> not be locked to any particular variety. Application
>> developers should strive to keep it as a "free code" - a wild
>> card that can be used by any of the encompassed languages...
> 
>> The users will then have to accept that they cannot expect to
>> have full control over the interface language of applications
>> tagged as 'no'... Same for zh/Chinese...
> 
> OK, so a user selects "Cantonese" as their preference, and some
> apps have Cantonese UI but other apps have Mandarin UI? And


So far, so good.

Yes, this is what I suggest. Those apps which include a 
localisation tagged as "zh" will offer the "zh"-tagged 
localization to the users who are using the Cantonese Window UI 
when and if a Cantonese UI for that particular application is 
lacking. This should not prevent that the same application can 
include a 'zh-cmn' resource to be used in the Mandarin UI, when 
and if needed.

This is similiar to the en/en-UK/en-US analogy. More spesific will 
overrule less spesific.

> then when they search on the Web all the results they get are
> in Mandarin? And they'd find that acceptable?


No, this does not follow. Here the en/en-UK/en-US analogy breaks.

Taking Mac OS X as example, I can allready today place Nynorsk on 
top of its "language list", despite that Mac OS X is lacking any 
Nynorsk interface (except that id does offer daynames in nynorsk 
spelling). Doing so will make Safari - and other application which 
takes its accept-language from the Mac OS X language preference 
list - send the message that it accepts "nn".

Thus, in case of a Cantonese UI preference, an application should 
definitely tell the Web that it accepts Cantonese, whether the UI 
of the app in question is tagged with 'zh' or 'zh-yue'.

 
> Is that what you're suggesting?
> 
> (I'm not making any judgments; I just want to understand.)



A UI tagged as "en-any-variant" should default to the 
accept-language "en". While a "zh-yue" application, even if it may 
accept the macrolanguage as "backup language", should tell the Web 
that it accepts the encompassed language itself. Thus in your 
example, it should tell that it accepts 'zh-yue'/Cantonese. 
(Whether it should *also* tell the web that it also accepts 'zh', 
is technically another question.)
-- 
leif halvard silli
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> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]


> [technical hat on]
>
> I'm also leaning towards recommending to not split up et,
> the same way others have recommended on this list.

IIUC, you're saying you lean in favour of re-scoping et as a macrolanguage =
and adding two (or more) new IDs for encompassed varieties, including V=F5r=
o and (presumably) Standard Estonian -- is that right?



Peter
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Hi -

As a technical contributor...

> From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
> To: "Martin Duerst" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>; "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltr=
u@ietf.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, June 04, 2008 12:05 PM
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
...
> IIUC, you're saying you lean in favour of re-scoping et as a
> macrolanguage and adding two (or more) new IDs for
> encompassed varieties, including V=F5ro and (presumably) Standard Estonia=
n -- is that right?

While not pretending to speak for Martin, I think we should
recognize that a similar needs will exist for most languages -

   1) a need to tag material as being specifically in a "standard"
        form of a language (the utility of such a thing depends on
        a language's situation)
   2) a need to tag material as being in some particular variety of a langu=
age
   3) a need to tag material as being in a language, without comment on
        the specific variety, recognizing that the broadness / narrowness
        of what gets counted as being varieties of the same language varies,
        for good historical and sociolinguistic reasons.

(2) and (3) are covered by our existing regime of subtags.
We haven't been as explicit as we should be about (1).
This case also could be handled with subtags, but there
have not been many corresponding registrations.  This could
be because most languages don't need to specifically identify
their "standard" forms, but I think more likely because we've
tended to overload the meaning of a naked language tag to
mean both "any variety of this language" (superset) and
"the standard variety of this language" (exemplary subset).

Randy


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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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Mark Davis scripsit:

> I agree. Ideally, we would have a code (where it makes a difference) for
> "any variety" and "standard variety". 

We could introduce a variant tag "standard" for the purpose, to be added
to unicentric languages like German, Dutch, and French.  (It would be
inappropriate for English, Catalan, or Norwegian.)

-- 
John Cowan  http://ccil.org/~cowan  cowan@ccil.org
All "isms" should be "wasms".   --Abbie
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Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2008 23:08:17 +0200
From: "Gerard Meijssen" <gerard.meijssen@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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Hoi,
How would you deal with Dutch 2006 or 1996 or 1986 ... every ten years there
is a change to the orthography... How would you deal with the "witte boekje"
that is the orthography used by Dutch newspapers in opposition to the
official "groene boekje" ??

There is no such thing as standard Dutch, there is only standard Dutch given
a specific orthography.
Thanks,
     Gerard

On Wed, Jun 4, 2008 at 10:39 PM, John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org> wrote:

> Mark Davis scripsit:
>
> > I agree. Ideally, we would have a code (where it makes a difference) for
> > "any variety" and "standard variety".
>
> We could introduce a variant tag "standard" for the purpose, to be added
> to unicentric languages like German, Dutch, and French.  (It would be
> inappropriate for English, Catalan, or Norwegian.)
>
> --
> John Cowan  http://ccil.org/~cowan <http://ccil.org/%7Ecowan>
> cowan@ccil.org
> All "isms" should be "wasms".   --Abbie
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>

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Hoi,<br>How would you deal with Dutch 2006 or 1996 or 1986 ... every ten years there is a change to the orthography... How would you deal with the &quot;witte boekje&quot; that is the orthography used by Dutch newspapers in opposition to the official &quot;groene boekje&quot; ??<br>
<br>There is no such thing as standard Dutch, there is only standard Dutch given a specific orthography.<br>Thanks,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gerard<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jun 4, 2008 at 10:39 PM, John Cowan &lt;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">Mark Davis scripsit:<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt; I agree. Ideally, we would have a code (where it makes a difference) for<br>
&gt; &quot;any variety&quot; and &quot;standard variety&quot;.<br>
<br>
</div>We could introduce a variant tag &quot;standard&quot; for the purpose, to be added<br>
to unicentric languages like German, Dutch, and French. &nbsp;(It would be<br>
inappropriate for English, Catalan, or Norwegian.)<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
--<br>
John Cowan &nbsp;<a href="http://ccil.org/%7Ecowan" target="_blank">http://ccil.org/~cowan</a> &nbsp;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a><br>
All &quot;isms&quot; should be &quot;wasms&quot;. &nbsp; --Abbie<br>
</font><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">_______________________________________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br>

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From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
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All of these are matters of degree, as John explained in an earlier message,
and doesn't go down to that level of specificity.
Mark

On Wed, Jun 4, 2008 at 2:08 PM, Gerard Meijssen <gerard.meijssen@gmail.com>
wrote:

> Hoi,
> How would you deal with Dutch 2006 or 1996 or 1986 ... every ten years
> there is a change to the orthography... How would you deal with the "witte
> boekje" that is the orthography used by Dutch newspapers in opposition to
> the official "groene boekje" ??
>
> There is no such thing as standard Dutch, there is only standard Dutch
> given a specific orthography.
> Thanks,
>      Gerard
>
> On Wed, Jun 4, 2008 at 10:39 PM, John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org> wrote:
>
>> Mark Davis scripsit:
>>
>> > I agree. Ideally, we would have a code (where it makes a difference) for
>> > "any variety" and "standard variety".
>>
>> We could introduce a variant tag "standard" for the purpose, to be added
>> to unicentric languages like German, Dutch, and French.  (It would be
>> inappropriate for English, Catalan, or Norwegian.)
>>
>> --
>> John Cowan  http://ccil.org/~cowan <http://ccil.org/%7Ecowan>
>> cowan@ccil.org
>> All "isms" should be "wasms".   --Abbie
>> _______________________________________________
>> Ltru mailing list
>> Ltru@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>>
>
>


-- 
Mark

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All of these are matters of degree, as John explained in an earlier message, and doesn&#39;t go down to that level of specificity.<div><br></div><div>Mark</div><div><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jun 4, 2008 at 2:08 PM, Gerard Meijssen &lt;<a href="mailto:gerard.meijssen@gmail.com">gerard.meijssen@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">Hoi,<br>How would you deal with Dutch 2006 or 1996 or 1986 ... every ten years there is a change to the orthography... How would you deal with the &quot;witte boekje&quot; that is the orthography used by Dutch newspapers in opposition to the official &quot;groene boekje&quot; ??<br>

<br>There is no such thing as standard Dutch, there is only standard Dutch given a specific orthography.<br>Thanks,<br><font color="#888888">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gerard<br><br></font><div class="gmail_quote"><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">
On Wed, Jun 4, 2008 at 10:39 PM, John Cowan &lt;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org" target="_blank">cowan@ccil.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
</div></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left:1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex"><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">Mark Davis scripsit:<br>
<div><br>
&gt; I agree. Ideally, we would have a code (where it makes a difference) for<br>
&gt; &quot;any variety&quot; and &quot;standard variety&quot;.<br>
<br>
</div>We could introduce a variant tag &quot;standard&quot; for the purpose, to be added<br>
to unicentric languages like German, Dutch, and French. &nbsp;(It would be<br>
inappropriate for English, Catalan, or Norwegian.)<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
--<br>
John Cowan &nbsp;<a href="http://ccil.org/%7Ecowan" target="_blank">http://ccil.org/~cowan</a> &nbsp;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org" target="_blank">cowan@ccil.org</a><br>
All &quot;isms&quot; should be &quot;wasms&quot;. &nbsp; --Abbie<br>
</font></div></div><div class="Ih2E3d"><div><div></div><div>_______________________________________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org" target="_blank">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
</div></div></div></blockquote></div><br>
</blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Mark
</div>

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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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Gerard Meijssen scripsit:

> How would you deal with Dutch 2006 or 1996 or 1986 ... every ten years there
> is a change to the orthography... How would you deal with the "witte boekje"
> that is the orthography used by Dutch newspapers in opposition to the
> official "groene boekje" ??

If you, or anyone else, find it useful to do so, you can register variant subtags
to express these distinction.

-- 
John Cowan  cowan@ccil.org   http://ccil.org/~cowan
Promises become binding when there is a meeting of the minds and consideration
is exchanged. So it was at King's Bench in common law England; so it was
under the common law in the American colonies; so it was through more than
two centuries of jurisprudence in this country; and so it is today.
       --Specht v. Netscape
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Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2008 18:46:23 -0700
From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
To: "Martin Duerst" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Jun  4 19:53:56 2008
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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John Cowan 2008-06-04 22.39:

> Mark Davis scripsit:
> 
>> I agree. Ideally, we would have a code (where it makes a difference) for
>> "any variety" and "standard variety". 
> 
> We could introduce a variant tag "standard" for the purpose, to be added
> to unicentric languages like German, Dutch, and French.  (It would be
> inappropriate for English, Catalan, or Norwegian.)

I guess you could use "en-GB-standard"? And why not "nn-standard"?

For macrolanguages, however, I agree. The "standard" could not be 
applied to them. Or else "standard" would soon end up being 
associated with a particular encompassed language ...

For Estonian this would mean that when encompassed languages were 
registered, then one should not use "et-standard" anymore. (To 
know what "standard" mean then, one needs a timestamp. But that 
perhaps the same for any tag.)

The same for "de", if German is to be considered macrolanguage.

For Mandarin, which discerns between simple and traditional 
script, I begin to wonder how to eventually use it ...
-- 
leif halvard silli
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Jun  4 20:37:36 2008
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2008 20:37:36 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Jun  4 20:53:38 2008
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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Martin Hosken 2008-06-05 03.26:

> For discussion I introduce three made up language tags:
> =

> ess - standard Estonian vor - V=F5ro esf - Esfasian, a made up
> language that I'll explain in a moment eso - an even more
> standard Estonian
> =

> In calling out vor from est we are narrowing est and as such


We're not changing 'est'. Only knowledging that it covers more =

than one language.

> need to create two languages to reflect the narrowed est and
> the vor. Thus est =3D ess + vor. I think that's what you are
> saying?
> =

> What happens if we later discover a language called Esfasian
> that needs to be called out from ess? Does ess become a macro
> language and we have yet another code for standard Estonian? So
> we would need a eso for the narrowed ess, such that ess =3D eso +
> esf and est =3D ess + vor.


How could it happen that Esfasian speakers could accept to be seen =

as a part of micro-Estonian, but would not be associated with =

macro-Estonian? ;-)
-- =

leif halvard silli

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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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From: mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] On Behalf Of Mark Davis

> I think the best approach would be the current de/gsw model.
> - The code et means standard Estonian, period.
> - Anything that is sufficiently mutually incomprehensible
> enough to warrant a separate language code should just get one.

That probably would seem reasonable -- unless perhaps you're one of the people who have up to now assumed that et encompassed that variety that just got a separate language code. I note just over a week ago (27/5) you said

> It would also have been reasonable for someone to interpret
> 'de' as Any German (and up until 2006-03-08, encompassing
> Swiss German),

I guess you're being consistent in your position -- which appears to be that narrowing the denotation of an ID is OK as long as a predominant variety doesn't change it's ID?




Peter
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Hi -

As a technical contributor...

Returning to Martin Hosken's hypothetical example...
> ess - standard Estonian
> vor - V=F5ro
> esf - Esfasian, a made up language that I'll explain in a moment
> eso - an even more standard Estonian

Assuming for the sake of the example that there are good reasons
to distinguish these in some application domain...
Am I the only one who thinks the tidiest (and easiest to explain) way of
handling this would be to use
et-ess
et-vor
et-esf
et-eso
and, of course, naked et for folks who don't care or can't tell the differe=
nce?

Unlike an example like Erzgebirgisch, where there's a question of which
language in a dialect continuum the variety "belongs to", there appears
to be no question that all the cases in this hypothetical example are all
varieties of the same language, Estonian.  (I base this on the Ethnologue
claim that Voro and "standard" Estonian are mutually intelligible.)

Randy


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Randy Presuhn scripsit:

> Unlike an example like Erzgebirgisch, where there's a question of which
> language in a dialect continuum the variety "belongs to", there appears
> to be no question that all the cases in this hypothetical example are all
> varieties of the same language, Estonian.  (I base this on the Ethnologue
> claim that Voro and "standard" Estonian are mutually intelligible.)

to register as the variant subtag 'werro' (or whatever).

-- 
Possession is said to be nine points of the law,                John Cowan
but that's not saying how many points the law might have.       cowan@ccil.org
        --Thomas A. Cowan (law professor and my father)
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On Tue, Jun 03, 2008 at 11:24:48AM -0700,
 Randy Presuhn <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com> wrote 
 a message of 46 lines which said:

> just as we must avoid falsely limiting 'de' to "Standard German" or
> 'ar' to "Standard Arabic".

Hold on. For Standard Arabic, the "proper" tag is "arb". But for
Standard German, what could be used instead of "de" if we change "de"
to mean "Any sort of German"?

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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
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On Mon, Jun 02, 2008 at 12:27:28AM -0600,
 Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org> wrote 
 a message of 17 lines which said:

> Alternatively, if combining the fields is too distasteful for some,
> we could add separate "Language-Type" and "Scope" fields
> corresponding to the two ISO 639-3 designations.  

I prefer this one.The two concepts seem to be on separate axis so
should be represented by different fields.

> In that case, I suggest omitting the "Language-Type" field when the
> value is "living," and omitting the "Scope" field when the value is
> "individual," since these are the overwhelming majority and can be
> treated as defaults.

Why not. But why? For limiting the size of the file? For easier
reading under vi or Notepad?
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From: Shawn Steele <Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com>
To: Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 01:12:14 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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<html dir=3D"ltr"><head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dgb2312">
<meta content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.6001.18023" name=3D"GENERATOR">
<style title=3D"owaParaStyle">P {
	MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px
}
</style>
</head>
<body ocsi=3D"x">
<div dir=3D"ltr"><font face=3D"Tahoma" color=3D"#000000" size=3D"2">And to =
be clear and address Karen's concern, its also OK for people to continue to=
 use zh for Cantonese?</font></div>
<div dir=3D"ltr"><font face=3D"tahoma" size=3D"2"></font>&nbsp;</div>
<div dir=3D"ltr"><font face=3D"Tahoma" size=3D"2">-<font face=3D"tahoma"> S=
hawn</font></font></div>
<div id=3D"divRpF216509" style=3D"DIRECTION: ltr">
<hr tabindex=3D"-1">
<font face=3D"Tahoma" size=3D"2"><b>From:</b> mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [=
mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] On Behalf Of Mark Davis [mark.davis@icu-projec=
t.org]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, June 04, 2008 6:22 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Shawn Steele<br>
<b>Cc:</b> LTRU Working Group<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>I agree with what you say. I don't think anyone objects to zh !=3D Man=
darin, given the choices that 639-3 has made. Nor that it is valid to tag M=
andarin content with 'zh'; it is, after all, Chinese.&nbsp;What we worked o=
ut before (and this is orthogonal to extlang
 vs nextlang) is to say that it is recommended to use zh-cmn, but that for =
backwards compatibility people may choose to continue to use zh for Mandari=
n.
<div><br>
</div>
<div>(More useful advice would be that because of backwards compatibility p=
eople should expect that into the indefinite future, &quot;zh&quot; will pr=
edominate, and should keep that in mind as in using these codes either for =
tagging content or matching content. However,
 we can live with having impractical advice in the spec as long as it is cl=
ear that people aren't forced to follow it for compliance.)</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Just for information, we reran some analysis and in terms of web pages=
, the number of pages tagged zh-cmn* is approximately 1/250000<span style=
=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">&nbsp;of the number of pages tagged with zh*. T=
his is way down in the noise level: zh-cmn
 even occurs far, far less often than suspect, irregular or bogus tags like=
:</span>
<div><span style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica"><br>
</span></div>
<div><span style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh_tw<br>
</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh_cn<br>
</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">ch</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-hk</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-classical<br>
</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-tw-tw</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">gbk</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-en<br>
</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zhs</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-cn-cn</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zht</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh_hk<br>
</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zho<br>
</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-ch<br>
</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-cn-utf-8<br>
</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh_ch</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zht-tw</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zhtw</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-tw; xmlns</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">=BC=F2=CC=E5=D6=D0=CE=C4</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">=D3=A2=CE=C4</p>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">...</p>
<div><br>
</div>
</span></div>
<div><span style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica"></p>
<div>(there are even more frequent completely bogus tags; I filtered these =
to ones that had something to do with Chinese).</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Mark</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</span>
<div><br>
<div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 10:17 PM, Shawn Steele &l=
t;<a href=3D"mailto:Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com">Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com<=
/a>&gt; wrote:<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0=
px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">
I think that lots of people feel that zh !=3D Mandarin and that this should=
 be clear. &nbsp;I don't think anyone objects to that?<br>
<br>
I also believe that there's a general consensus that some applications may =
want to match/filter zh when looking for Mandarin (or Cantonese), and that =
this isn't &quot;best practice&quot;, but MAY be useful to some application=
s because of the historical use of zh.<br>
<br>
Is there any disagreement with this? &nbsp;There's been a lot of discussion=
 on this topic, and that seems to be most of Karen's concern with any form =
of &quot;zh&quot;. &nbsp;I *think* we're all saying basically the same thin=
g. &nbsp;Does anyone object to being clear that zh !=3D Mandarin?<br>
<br>
- Shawn<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
<br clear=3D"all">
<br>
-- <br>
Mark </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 10:27:45 +0200
From: "Gerard Meijssen" <gerard.meijssen@gmail.com>
To: "Shawn Steele" <Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com>
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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Randy wrote:

> Assuming for the sake of the example that there are good
> reasons to distinguish these in some application domain...
> Am I the only one who thinks the tidiest (and easiest to
> explain) way of handling this would be to use et-ess et-vor
> et-esf et-eso and, of course, naked et for folks who don't
> care or can't tell the difference?

No, you are not alone :-)

Debbie


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Randy Presuhn
> Sent: 05 June 2008 05:11
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
>
> Hi -
>
> As a technical contributor...
>
> Returning to Martin Hosken's hypothetical example...
> > ess - standard Estonian
> > vor - Võro
> > esf - Esfasian, a made up language that I'll explain in a
> moment eso -
> > an even more standard Estonian
>
> Assuming for the sake of the example that there are good
> reasons to distinguish these in some application domain...
> Am I the only one who thinks the tidiest (and easiest to
> explain) way of handling this would be to use et-ess et-vor
> et-esf et-eso and, of course, naked et for folks who don't
> care or can't tell the difference?
>
> Unlike an example like Erzgebirgisch, where there's a
> question of which language in a dialect continuum the variety
> "belongs to", there appears to be no question that all the
> cases in this hypothetical example are all varieties of the
> same language, Estonian.  (I base this on the Ethnologue
> claim that Voro and "standard" Estonian are mutually intelligible.)
>
> Randy
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>
>





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To: "'Shawn Steele'" <Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com>,
	"'Mark Davis'" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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I have said this probably too many times now but here goes again...
'zh' is chinese, any sort of chinese, perhaps chinese that at the time =
of
tagging was not known to be any particular variety.  'zh' ! Mandarin and
'zh' ! Cantonese etc.  'zh' !=3D Mandarin is absolutely not correct!
=20
As stated before, whilst we are all now perfectly aware that the =
'dominant'
language within data tagged as 'zh' is Mandarin, we should in no way
encourage people to continue using 'zh' for either Mandarin or Cantonese =
or
anything else other than Chinese unknown/unstated variety.  It is my =
opinion
that we should clearly state that zh-cmn, or cmn if that is the way the =
WG
decide to go, MUST be used for all future tagging and that 'zh' will
continue to be treated as Chinese all/any varieties.  If you wish to =
have an
indicator in the file that clearly shows that a particular extlang is
considered dominant within the Macrolanguage it is quite easy to do.
=20
I feel we are going around in circles here.  We have had a straw poll =
and
yet we seem to still be going down the same route over and over again. =
'zh'
does not and should not and must not mean Mandarin!
=20
best regards
=20
Debbie


  _____ =20

From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Shawn Steele
Sent: 05 June 2008 09:12
To: Mark Davis
Cc: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin


And to be clear and address Karen's concern, its also OK for people to
continue to use zh for Cantonese?
=20
- Shawn
  _____ =20

From: mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] On =
Behalf Of
Mark Davis [mark.davis@icu-project.org]
Sent: Wednesday, June 04, 2008 6:22 PM
To: Shawn Steele
Cc: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin


I agree with what you say. I don't think anyone objects to zh !=3D =
Mandarin,
given the choices that 639-3 has made. Nor that it is valid to tag =
Mandarin
content with 'zh'; it is, after all, Chinese. What we worked out before =
(and
this is orthogonal to extlang vs nextlang) is to say that it is =
recommended
to use zh-cmn, but that for backwards compatibility people may choose to
continue to use zh for Mandarin.=20

(More useful advice would be that because of backwards compatibility =
people
should expect that into the indefinite future, "zh" will predominate, =
and
should keep that in mind as in using these codes either for tagging =
content
or matching content. However, we can live with having impractical advice =
in
the spec as long as it is clear that people aren't forced to follow it =
for
compliance.)

Just for information, we reran some analysis and in terms of web pages, =
the
number of pages tagged zh-cmn* is approximately 1/250000 of the number =
of
pages tagged with zh*. This is way down in the noise level: zh-cmn even
occurs far, far less often than suspect, irregular or bogus tags like:=20


zh_tw


zh_cn


ch

zh-hk

zh-classical


zh-tw-tw

gbk

zh-en


zhs

zh-cn-cn

zht

zh_hk


zho


zh-ch


zh-cn-utf-8


zh_ch

zht-tw

zhtw

zh-tw; xmlns

=BC=F2=CC=E5=D6=D0=CE=C4

=D3=A2=CE=C4

...






(there are even more frequent completely bogus tags; I filtered these to
ones that had something to do with Chinese).

Mark

On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 10:17 PM, Shawn Steele =
<Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com>
wrote:


I think that lots of people feel that zh !=3D Mandarin and that this =
should be
clear.  I don't think anyone objects to that?

I also believe that there's a general consensus that some applications =
may
want to match/filter zh when looking for Mandarin (or Cantonese), and =
that
this isn't "best practice", but MAY be useful to some applications =
because
of the historical use of zh.

Is there any disagreement with this?  There's been a lot of discussion =
on
this topic, and that seems to be most of Karen's concern with any form =
of
"zh".  I *think* we're all saying basically the same thing.  Does anyone
object to being clear that zh !=3D Mandarin?

- Shawn
_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru





--=20
Mark=20


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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML dir=3Dltr><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dgb2312">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2900.3199" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE title=3DowaParaStyle>P {
	MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px
}
</STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY ocsi=3D"x">
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D379454309-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>I have said this probably too many times now =
but here goes=20
again...</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D379454309-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>'zh' is chinese, any sort of chinese, perhaps chinese that at =
the time of=20
tagging was not known to be any particular variety.&nbsp; 'zh' ! =
Mandarin and=20
'zh' ! Cantonese etc.&nbsp; 'zh' !=3D Mandarin is absolutely not=20
correct!</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D379454309-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D379454309-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>As stated before, whilst we are all now perfectly aware that=20
the&nbsp;'dominant' language within data tagged as 'zh' is Mandarin, we =
should=20
in no way encourage people to continue using 'zh' for either Mandarin or =

Cantonese or anything else other than Chinese unknown/unstated =
variety.&nbsp; It=20
is my opinion that we should clearly state that zh-cmn, or cmn if that=20
is&nbsp;the way the WG decide to go,&nbsp;MUST be used for all future =
tagging=20
and that 'zh' will continue to be treated as Chinese all/any =
varieties.&nbsp; If=20
you wish to have an indicator in the file that clearly shows that a =
particular=20
extlang is considered dominant within the Macrolanguage it is quite easy =
to=20
do.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D379454309-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D379454309-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial size=3D2>I=20
feel we are going around in circles here.&nbsp; We have had a straw poll =
and yet=20
we seem to still be going down the same route over and over again. 'zh' =
does not=20
and should not and must not mean Mandarin!</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D379454309-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D379454309-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>best regards</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D379454309-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D379454309-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>Debbie</FONT></SPAN></DIV><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft>
  <HR tabIndex=3D-1>
  <FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> ltru-bounces@ietf.org=20
  [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Shawn=20
  Steele<BR><B>Sent:</B> 05 June 2008 09:12<BR><B>To:</B> Mark=20
  Davis<BR><B>Cc:</B> LTRU Working Group<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Ltru] =
zh !=3D=20
  Mandarin<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DTahoma color=3D#000000 size=3D2>And to be =
clear and=20
  address Karen's concern, its also OK for people to continue to use zh =
for=20
  Cantonese?</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3Dtahoma size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2>-<FONT face=3Dtahoma>=20
  Shawn</FONT></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV id=3DdivRpF216509 style=3D"DIRECTION: ltr">
  <HR tabIndex=3D-1>
  <FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> mark.edward.davis@gmail.com=20
  [mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] On Behalf Of Mark Davis=20
  [mark.davis@icu-project.org]<BR><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, June 04, 2008 =
6:22=20
  PM<BR><B>To:</B> Shawn Steele<BR><B>Cc:</B> LTRU Working=20
  Group<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D =
Mandarin<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV>I agree with what you say. I don't think anyone objects to zh =
!=3D=20
  Mandarin, given the choices that 639-3 has made. Nor that it is valid =
to tag=20
  Mandarin content with 'zh'; it is, after all, Chinese.&nbsp;What we =
worked out=20
  before (and this is orthogonal to extlang vs nextlang) is to say that =
it is=20
  recommended to use zh-cmn, but that for backwards compatibility people =
may=20
  choose to continue to use zh for Mandarin.=20
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>(More useful advice would be that because of backwards =
compatibility=20
  people should expect that into the indefinite future, "zh" will =
predominate,=20
  and should keep that in mind as in using these codes either for =
tagging=20
  content or matching content. However, we can live with having =
impractical=20
  advice in the spec as long as it is clear that people aren't forced to =
follow=20
  it for compliance.)</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>Just for information, we reran some analysis and in terms of web =
pages,=20
  the number of pages tagged zh-cmn* is approximately 1/250000<SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">&nbsp;of the number of pages tagged =
with zh*.=20
  This is way down in the noise level: zh-cmn even occurs far, far less =
often=20
  than suspect, irregular or bogus tags like:</SPAN>=20
  <DIV><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica"><BR></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh_tw<BR></P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh_cn<BR></P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">ch</P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-hk</P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-classical<BR></P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-tw-tw</P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">gbk</P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-en<BR></P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zhs</P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-cn-cn</P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zht</P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh_hk<BR></P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zho<BR></P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-ch<BR></P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-cn-utf-8<BR></P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh_ch</P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zht-tw</P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zhtw</P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-tw; xmlns</P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px =
Helvetica">=BC=F2=CC=E5=D6=D0=CE=C4</P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">=D3=A2=CE=C4</P>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">...</P>
  <DIV><BR></DIV></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">
  <DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica"></P>
  <DIV>(there are even more frequent completely bogus tags; I filtered =
these to=20
  ones that had something to do with Chinese).</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>Mark</DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></SPAN>
  <DIV><BR>
  <DIV class=3Dgmail_quote>On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 10:17 PM, Shawn Steele =
&lt;<A=20
  =
href=3D"mailto:Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com">Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com</A>=
&gt;=20
  wrote:<BR>
  <BLOCKQUOTE class=3Dgmail_quote=20
  style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: =
#ccc 1px solid">I=20
    think that lots of people feel that zh !=3D Mandarin and that this =
should be=20
    clear. &nbsp;I don't think anyone objects to that?<BR><BR>I also =
believe=20
    that there's a general consensus that some applications may want to=20
    match/filter zh when looking for Mandarin (or Cantonese), and that =
this=20
    isn't "best practice", but MAY be useful to some applications =
because of the=20
    historical use of zh.<BR><BR>Is there any disagreement with this?=20
    &nbsp;There's been a lot of discussion on this topic, and that seems =
to be=20
    most of Karen's concern with any form of "zh". &nbsp;I *think* we're =
all=20
    saying basically the same thing. &nbsp;Does anyone object to being =
clear=20
    that zh !=3D Mandarin?<BR><BR>-=20
    Shawn<BR>_______________________________________________<BR>Ltru =
mailing=20
    list<BR><A href=3D"mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</A><BR><A=20
    href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru"=20
    =
target=3D_blank>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</A><BR></BLOCK=
QUOTE></DIV><BR><BR=20
  clear=3Dall><BR>-- <BR>Mark =
</DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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At 04:05 08/06/05, Peter Constable wrote:
>> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
>
>
>> [technical hat on]
>>
>> I'm also leaning towards recommending to not split up et,
>> the same way others have recommended on this list.
>
>IIUC, you're saying you lean in favour of re-scoping et as a macrolanguage 
>and adding two (or more) new IDs for encompassed varieties, including V$B‰S(Bo 
>and (presumably) Standard Estonian -- is that right?

No, I'm saying that I'd be okay with this if I were really sure
that we'd end up with extlangs (not only for zh). As I'm not totally
sure about that, I think the damage is smaller if you just introduce
a new code for Vo"ro, and (as you call it) narrow the denomination 'et',
without introducing a macrolanguage.

Regards,    Martin.



#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     


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To some extent, what Martin Hosken describes below may in some
cases come close to a denial-of-service attack, along the lines:
"Hey, you have 'et', but we are included there, so we claim
to be a separate language and force a split." I'm sure that
it's never meant that way, and I definitely don't want to claim
that users of minority lanugages are at fault, but if there
is a policy that whenever the original code even marginally
included a minority language that's splitting off, there is
a code split with two new codes, the result may sometimes
be quite annoying.

Regards,    Martin.

At 10:26 08/06/05, Martin Hosken wrote:
>Dear Peter, > >> Given our current deliberations, it seems appropriate for me 
>to give a heads up that the JAC has been given a request to have a separate 
>identifier for the V$B%F%*(Bro variety within Estonian, and that a likely way of 
>handling things, if it's decided to code that, would be to change the scope 
>for et/est from individual language to macrolanguage, with V$B%F%*(Bro and at 
>least one other variety as encompassed languages. > >For discussion I 
>introduce three made up language tags: > >ess - standard Estonian >vor - 
>V$B%F%*(Bro >esf - Esfasian, a made up language that I'll explain in a moment >eso 
>- an even more standard Estonian > >In calling out vor from est we are 
>narrowing est and as such need to create two languages to reflect the 
>narrowed est and the vor. Thus est = ess + vor. I think that's what you are 
>saying? > >What happens if we later discover a language called Esfasian that 
>needs to be called out from ess? Does ess become a macro language and we 
>have yet another code for standard Estonian? So we would need a eso for the 
>narrowed ess, such that ess = eso + esf and est = ess + vor. > >At which 
>point ess becomes an historic anomaly since people really should be just 
>using est, eso, vor, esf. > >This could go on indefinitely each time we split 
>a language code. It's a good way to fill up the code space, certainly. > >The 
>only alternative I can see is our saying that if we call out esf then we 
>just add it to the est macro language and say that users of ess may need to 
>retag. Is that acceptable? > >BTW all this is orthogonal to whether one uses 
>extlang to reflect the hierarchy: est-ess-esf or not: esf, since the 
>hierarchy is in the registry for those who want 
>it. > >Yours, >Martin >_______________________________________________ >Ltru 
>mailing list >Ltru@ietf.org >https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltr


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun  5 07:49:47 2008
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Randy Presuhn


> Returning to Martin Hosken's hypothetical example...
> > ess - standard Estonian
> > vor - V=F5ro
> > esf - Esfasian, a made up language that I'll explain in a moment
> > eso - an even more standard Estonian
>
> Assuming for the sake of the example that there are good reasons
> to distinguish these in some application domain...
> Am I the only one who thinks the tidiest (and easiest to explain) way
> of
> handling this would be to use
> et-ess
> et-vor
> et-esf
> et-eso
> and, of course, naked et for folks who don't care or can't tell the
> difference?

Perceived merits of (i) using the existing approach of adding subtags to na=
rrow the intension, and also (ii) the ability to associate the new, encompa=
ssed category with the older and familiar encompassing  category were signi=
ficant factors that contributed to the suggesting the extlang idea in the f=
irst place.

For a scenario such as this, in which a coded category in established use g=
ets analyzed into discrete, constituent categories each coded as individual=
 languages, I do see those two things as pros of the extlang approach -- al=
l other things being equal.

Of course, I'm sure if everyone agreed that all other things *are* equal, w=
e would have had consensus a long time ago. Mark, for one, just responded t=
o Martin giving reasons he thought other things are *not* equal, and in fac=
t (he considers) are worse with the extlang approach.



Peter
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<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>We know that several of us wholeheartedly hold to the princi=
ple
that =A1=B0zh=A1=B1 is any sort of =A1=B0Chinese=A1=B1. Shawn asked whether=
 anyone *<b>doesn=A1=AFt</b>*
agree. I=A1=AFd like to see if there are any who *<b>don=A1=AFt</b>* agree.=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I=A1=AFm one that does agree with that principle, and becaus=
e of that,
I could not accept having the RFC state the =A1=B0zh-cmn=A1=B1 (or =A1=B0cm=
n=A1=B1) *<b>MUST</b>*
be used for all future tagging of Mandarin. That=A1=AFs like saying =A1=B0=
=A1=AFzh=A1=AF is any
kind of Chinese except Mandarin=A1=B1. We can recommend that =A1=B0zh-cmn=
=A1=B1 (or =A1=B0cmn=A1=B1)
should generally be used for Mandarin, and even that =A1=B0zh=A1=B1 should =
not be used
for Mandarin in environments that need to distinguish between Mandarin and
Cantonese or other Chinese languages. But we need to leave users free to us=
e zh
for whatever kind of Chinese they want to use it for, including Mandarin =
=A8C and potentially
only Mandarin, if that suits their needs.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Peter<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<div style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in =
4.0pt'>

<div>

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0in 0in'>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma=
","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>De=
bbie
Garside<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, June 05, 2008 2:55 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Shawn Steele; 'Mark Davis'<br>
<b>Cc:</b> 'LTRU Working Group'<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif";
color:blue'>I have said this probably too many times now but here goes agai=
n...</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>'zh'
is chinese, any sort of chinese, perhaps chinese that at the time of taggin=
g
was not known to be any particular variety.&nbsp; 'zh' ! Mandarin and 'zh' =
!
Cantonese etc.&nbsp; 'zh' !=3D Mandarin is absolutely not correct!</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>As
stated before, whilst we are all now perfectly aware that the&nbsp;'dominan=
t'
language within data tagged as 'zh' is Mandarin, we should in no way encour=
age
people to continue using 'zh' for either Mandarin or Cantonese or anything =
else
other than Chinese unknown/unstated variety.&nbsp; It is my opinion that we
should clearly state that zh-cmn, or cmn if that is&nbsp;the way the WG dec=
ide
to go,&nbsp;MUST be used for all future tagging and that 'zh' will continue=
 to
be treated as Chinese all/any varieties.&nbsp; If you wish to have an indic=
ator
in the file that clearly shows that a particular extlang is considered domi=
nant
within the Macrolanguage it is quite easy to do.</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>I
feel we are going around in circles here.&nbsp; We have had a straw poll an=
d
yet we seem to still be going down the same route over and over again. 'zh'
does not and should not and must not mean Mandarin!</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>best
regards</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>Debbie</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<blockquote style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0=
in 0in 4.0pt;
margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'>

<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> ltru-bounces@ietf.org
[mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Shawn Steele<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 05 June 2008 09:12<br>
<b>To:</b> Mark Davis<br>
<b>Cc:</b> LTRU Working Group<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","=
sans-serif";
color:black'>And to be clear and address Karen's concern, its also OK for
people to continue to use zh for Cantonese?</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","=
sans-serif"'>-
Shawn</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div id=3DdivRpF216509>

<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'>

<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> mark.edward.davis@gmail.com
[mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] On Behalf Of Mark Davis
[mark.davis@icu-project.org]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, June 04, 2008 6:22 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Shawn Steele<br>
<b>Cc:</b> LTRU Working Group<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>I agree with what you say. I don't think anyone object=
s to
zh !=3D Mandarin, given the choices that 639-3 has made. Nor that it is val=
id to
tag Mandarin content with 'zh'; it is, after all, Chinese.&nbsp;What we wor=
ked
out before (and this is orthogonal to extlang vs nextlang) is to say that i=
t is
recommended to use zh-cmn, but that for backwards compatibility people may
choose to continue to use zh for Mandarin. <o:p></o:p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>(More useful advice would be that because of backwards
compatibility people should expect that into the indefinite future,
&quot;zh&quot; will predominate, and should keep that in mind as in using t=
hese
codes either for tagging content or matching content. However, we can live =
with
having impractical advice in the spec as long as it is clear that people ar=
en't
forced to follow it for compliance.)<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>Just for information, we reran some analysis and in te=
rms of
web pages, the number of pages tagged zh-cmn* is approximately 1/250000<spa=
n
style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>&nbsp;of the number of pages
tagged with zh*. This is way down in the noise level: zh-cmn even occurs fa=
r,
far less often than suspect, irregular or bogus tags like:</span> <o:p></o:=
p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh_=
tw<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh_=
cn<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>ch<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
hk<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
classical<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
tw-tw<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>gbk=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
en<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zhs=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
cn-cn<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zht=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh_=
hk<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zho=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
ch<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
cn-utf-8<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh_=
ch<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zht=
-tw<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zht=
w<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
tw;
xmlns<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-size:9.0pt'>=BC=F2=CC=E5=D6=D0=CE=C4</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-size:9.0pt'>=D3=A2=CE=C4</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>...=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><=
o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

</div>

</div>

<div>

<div>

<div>

<div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>(=
there
are even more frequent completely bogus tags; I filtered these to ones that=
 had
something to do with Chinese).<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><=
o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>M=
ark<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 10:17 PM, Shawn Steele &lt;<a
href=3D"mailto:Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com">Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com</a>&g=
t;
wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>I think that lots of people feel that zh !=3D Mandarin=
 and
that this should be clear. &nbsp;I don't think anyone objects to that?<br>
<br>
I also believe that there's a general consensus that some applications may =
want
to match/filter zh when looking for Mandarin (or Cantonese), and that this
isn't &quot;best practice&quot;, but MAY be useful to some applications bec=
ause
of the historical use of zh.<br>
<br>
Is there any disagreement with this? &nbsp;There's been a lot of discussion=
 on
this topic, and that seems to be most of Karen's concern with any form of
&quot;zh&quot;. &nbsp;I *think* we're all saying basically the same thing.
&nbsp;Does anyone object to being clear that zh !=3D Mandarin?<br>
<br>
- Shawn<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><br>
<br clear=3Dall>
<br>
-- <br>
Mark <o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</blockquote>

</div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
To: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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Part of the problem, I think we'll all agree, is that it is just not clear
from ISO 639-2 or -1 what "de" / "German" means.
If you think it means "anything that someone might think of as German", then
essentially *every* language code is a macrolanguage, and gsw should be an
encompassed language, and we'd need a separate code for Hochdeutsch. And of
course the same goes for "fr" being a macrolanguage, and "nl", and so on.
Any of the creoles or pidgins would count as encompassed languages, and we'd
need a special code for the "standard" form of every language. By that
interpretation, any time we carve out a code that is *not* an encompassed
language, like "gsw", we are illegitimately narrowing the main code ("de").
And of course we have a huge mass of software and data that needs to be
changed (for no good reason).
The other interpretation is that the codes "de", "fr", "en", "et", and so
on mean the standard form of the language (including variants that is not
mutually incomprehensible). That is, anything that was far enough to be
qualify as a separate language would have a separate code. In that case,
distinguishing "gsw" or any similar code is not a narrowing, and perfectly
legitimate. There are many, many cases where this interpretation has been
followed in 639, as evidenced by the many cases where languages were
distinguished without being made encompassed languages. Look at the
half-dozen German's, the dozen or so French's, the few Dutch's, and so on.

And frankly, I think the second is a far more useful approach, and just a
reasonable an view of how ISO 639 has been interpreted in the past. And when
we are talking about compatibility, it doesn't matter what the framers of a
standard intended -- if they were not specific *in the text*; it matters
instead how the text of the standard was interpreted by users, in millions
of implementations and billions of data records. It is far easier for
backwards compatibility if the existing code is interpreted as applying to
the standard form, and if necessary a new code is given for the
collection/macrolanguage than the reverse.

I'm not arguing that we should change 'zh', but interpreted as 'any form'
rather than 'standard form' where it is not necessary just makes the
situation far more complicated than necessary, and is no more justified by
past practice than the interpretation as the 'standard' form.

Mark


On Wed, Jun 4, 2008 at 8:56 PM, Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
wrote:

> From: mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] On
> Behalf Of Mark Davis
>
> > I think the best approach would be the current de/gsw model.
> > - The code et means standard Estonian, period.
> > - Anything that is sufficiently mutually incomprehensible
> > enough to warrant a separate language code should just get one.
>
> That probably would seem reasonable -- unless perhaps you're one of the
> people who have up to now assumed that et encompassed that variety that just
> got a separate language code. I note just over a week ago (27/5) you said
>
> > It would also have been reasonable for someone to interpret
> > 'de' as Any German (and up until 2006-03-08, encompassing
> > Swiss German),
>
> I guess you're being consistent in your position -- which appears to be
> that narrowing the denotation of an ID is OK as long as a predominant
> variety doesn't change it's ID?
>
>
>
>
> Peter
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>



-- 
Mark

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Part of the problem, I think we&#39;ll all agree, is that it is just not clear from ISO 639-2 or -1 what &quot;de&quot; / &quot;German&quot; means.<div><br></div><div>If you think it means &quot;anything that someone might think of as German&quot;, then essentially *every* language code is a macrolanguage, and gsw should be an encompassed language, and we&#39;d need a separate code for Hochdeutsch. And of course the same goes for &quot;fr&quot; being a macrolanguage, and &quot;nl&quot;, and so on. Any of the creoles or pidgins would count as encompassed languages, and we&#39;d need a special code for the &quot;standard&quot; form of every language. By that interpretation, any time we carve out a code that is *not* an encompassed language, like &quot;gsw&quot;, we are illegitimately narrowing the main code (&quot;de&quot;). And of course we have a huge mass of software and data that needs to be changed (for no good reason).<div>

<br></div><div>The other interpretation is that the codes &quot;de&quot;, &quot;fr&quot;, &quot;en&quot;, &quot;et&quot;, and so on&nbsp;mean the standard form of the language (including variants that is not mutually incomprehensible). That is, anything that was far enough to be qualify as a separate language would have a separate code. In that case, distinguishing &quot;gsw&quot; or any similar code is not a narrowing, and perfectly legitimate. There are many, many cases where this interpretation has been followed in 639, as evidenced by the many cases where languages were distinguished without being made encompassed languages. Look at the half-dozen German&#39;s, the dozen or so French&#39;s, the few Dutch&#39;s, and so on.</div>
<div><br></div><div>And frankly, I think the second is a far more useful approach, and just a reasonable an view of how ISO 639 has been interpreted in the past. And when we are talking about compatibility, it doesn&#39;t matter what the framers of a standard intended -- if they were not specific *in the text*; it matters instead how the text of the standard was interpreted by users, in millions of implementations and billions of data records. It is far easier for backwards compatibility if the existing code is interpreted as applying to the standard form, and if necessary a new code is given for the collection/macrolanguage than the reverse.</div>
<div><br></div><div>I&#39;m not arguing that we should change &#39;zh&#39;, but interpreted as &#39;any form&#39; rather than &#39;standard form&#39; where it is not necessary just makes the situation far more complicated than necessary, and is no more justified by past practice than the interpretation as the &#39;standard&#39; form.</div>

<div><br></div><div>Mark</div><div><div><div><br></div><div><br><div><div><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jun 4, 2008 at 8:56 PM, Peter Constable &lt;<a href="mailto:petercon@microsoft.com" target="_blank">petercon@microsoft.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>

<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">From: <a href="mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com" target="_blank">mark.edward.davis@gmail.com</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com" target="_blank">mark.edward.davis@gmail.com</a>] On Behalf Of Mark Davis<br>


<div><br>
&gt; I think the best approach would be the current de/gsw model.<br>
&gt; - The code et means standard Estonian, period.<br>
&gt; - Anything that is sufficiently mutually incomprehensible<br>
&gt; enough to warrant a separate language code should just get one.<br>
<br>
</div>That probably would seem reasonable -- unless perhaps you&#39;re one of the people who have up to now assumed that et encompassed that variety that just got a separate language code. I note just over a week ago (27/5) you said<br>


<br>
&gt; It would also have been reasonable for someone to interpret<br>
&gt; &#39;de&#39; as Any German (and up until 2006-03-08, encompassing<br>
&gt; Swiss German),<br>
<br>
I guess you&#39;re being consistent in your position -- which appears to be that narrowing the denotation of an ID is OK as long as a predominant variety doesn&#39;t change it&#39;s ID?<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Peter<br>
</font><div><div></div><div>_______________________________________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org" target="_blank">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Mark
</div></div></div></div></div>
</div>

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun  5 08:40:55 2008
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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Randy Presuhn 2008-06-05 06.10:

> Hi -
> =

> As a technical contributor...
> =

> Returning to Martin Hosken's hypothetical example...
>> ess - standard Estonian
>> vor - V=F5ro
>> esf - Esfasian, a made up language that I'll explain in a moment
>> eso - an even more standard Estonian
> =

> Assuming for the sake of the example that there are good reasons
> to distinguish these in some application domain...
> Am I the only one who thinks the tidiest (and easiest to explain) way of
> handling this would be to use
> et-ess
> et-vor
> et-esf
> et-eso
> and, of course, naked et for folks who don't care or can't tell the diffe=
rence?

No, you are not the only one.
-- =

leif halvard silli
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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To: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>, "Disman" <disman@ietf.org>,
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Subject: [Ltru] Fw: Mailing List Filters
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Hi -

As mailing list administrator for ltru, disman, and agentx, I'm forwarding
this update on the handling of ietf.org mailing lists.

Randy

> From: "Alexa Morris" <amorris@amsl.com>
> To: <ietf-announce@ietf.org>
> Cc: "ietf" <ietf@ietf.org>
> Sent: Thursday, June 05, 2008 8:03 AM
> Subject: Mailing List Filters
>
> Several weeks ago, we removed some spam filtering rules from the IETF email
> lists because there were concerns that, in a few very specific
> circumstances, the rules were preventing legitimate mail from getting
> through. Unfortunately, the removal of those spam rules has resulted in a
> huge increase in spam sent to the lists, which has in turn greatly increased
> the burden for all list moderators.
> 
> Because of this, we are planning to reinstitute two of those spam rules on
> Monday of next week. For the vast majority of you, this will not even be
> noticeable. However, if after Monday of next week you begin to experience
> difficulty when you try to send mail to the IETF -- either to the
> Secretariat or to a mailing list -- we have created a form that will enable
> you to report your problem (the form bypasses the spam filters). Once we
> know that you are experiencing difficulty, we can create an exception that
> will enable you to send email again.
> 
> The form is accessible under the "IETF Secretariat" link from the home page,
> at the bottom of the Secretariat contact page under "To Report Problems." A
> direct link is here: http://www.ietf.org/contactform.html.
> 
> If you are curious to know what spam rules we are reinstating on Monday,
> they are:
> 
> Rule A. This rule insists that, when a machine makes a HELO greeting, and
> claims to be a certain machine, the name it claims exists in its appropriate
> zone file, as either an "A" or an "MX" record.
> 
> Rule B. This rule does a reverse lookup on the client's IP address, and
> makes sure that we can identify it as being IN-REV'ed by someone.
> 
> Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions or concerns.
> 
> Regards,
> Alexa
> 
> -----------
> Alexa Morris / Executive Director / IETF
> 48377 Fremont Blvd., Suite 117, Fremont, CA  94538
> Phone: +1.510.492.4089 / Fax: +1.510.492.4001
> Email: amorris@amsl.com
> 
> Managed by Association Management Solutions (AMS)
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Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 10:47:47 -0700
From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun  5 11:02:16 2008
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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Standard german (Was: Consensus call: extlang
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Hi -

As a technical contributor...

> From: "Stephane Bortzmeyer" <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
> To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
> Cc: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, June 04, 2008 8:26 AM
> Subject: Standard german (Was: Consensus call: extlang
>
> On Tue, Jun 03, 2008 at 11:24:48AM -0700,
>  Randy Presuhn <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com> wrote 
>  a message of 46 lines which said:
> 
> > just as we must avoid falsely limiting 'de' to "Standard German" or
> > 'ar' to "Standard Arabic".
> 
> Hold on. For Standard Arabic, the "proper" tag is "arb". But for
> Standard German, what could be used instead of "de" if we change "de"
> to mean "Any sort of German"?

An appropriately registered subtag following de, if someone has a need
to make the distinction.  (I don't see it as a change at all.  Perhaps it's
because I used to teach German, but for me "Standard German" is a
narrowly defined and somewhat artificial beast, not to be confused
with the welter of mutually intelligible varieties of German (i.e., 'de')
spoken all over the world.)  To misconstrue 'de' narrowly would, in my
opinion, be like understanding 'fr' as limited to Parisian French.

Randy

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To: Randy Presuhn <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>, LTRU Working Group
	<ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 11:32:15 -0700
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> > But for
> > Standard German, what could be used instead of "de" if we change
> "de" to mean "Any sort of German"?
>
> An appropriately registered subtag following de, if someone has a
> need
> to make the distinction.  (I don't see it as a change at all.
> Perhaps it's
> because I used to teach German, but for me "Standard German" is a
> narrowly defined and somewhat artificial beast, not to be confused
> with the welter of mutually intelligible varieties of German (i.e.,
> 'de')
> spoken all over the world.)  To misconstrue 'de' narrowly would, in
> my
> opinion, be like understanding 'fr' as limited to Parisian French.

I agree. I think all this discussion of "standard" language varieties misses the point. There is a certain lack of specificity to language codes in ISO 639 just as there is a deliberate lack of specificity in most language tag choices.

Often the most useful tag for German is "de". In some cases one might need a "de-CH" or "de-DE". Rarely will a "de-qxx-Latn-CH-1984-x-duerst-martin-2008-06-04-mittwoch" be of any use whatsoever, except as an illustration of tag folly. Ultimately, this thread is really about where "dialect" ends and "language" begins--a distinction that is necessarily indistinct and judgmental. Sometimes the "standard" form of a language forms the peak in the bell-curve of a language's usage and distribution and sometimes it won't. So what?

What's problematic here is the idea that someone might come along and say that any given variant flavor of German is "not German" because it isn't the standard form. At the same time, just about any language can be divided further and further. The question is the utility of a given division.

Addison

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Standard german (Was: Consensus call: extlang
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Hi -

As a technical contributor...

> From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
> To: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>; "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Thursday, June 05, 2008 11:32 AM
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] Standard german (Was: Consensus call: extlang
...
> What's problematic here is the idea that someone might come
> along and say that any given variant flavor of German is
> "not German" because it isn't the standard form. At the same
> time, just about any language can be divided further and further.
> The question is the utility of a given division.

Agreed.

Finishing the thought: Once there's agreement that it's useful
to make a distinction, the next question is whether it's more
useful to regard the newly recognized variant as being a variant
or as being a distinct language, and whether this distinction should
be reflected in the formation of the language tag.

Randy

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Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 14:44:01 -0400
To: Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Mark Davis scripsit:

> A standard is not a magic wand. If we cause significant backwards
> compatibility problems for implementations, the standard will simply be
> ignored or worse yet, we'll get splintering. An example of such a failed
> standard is XML 1.1, a story that many of us are familiar with. Even though
> the standard was almost completely backwards compatible, because it was not
> 100% backwards compatible, it failed utterly and completely.

This is both OT and controversial, so I'll be brief, say this once,
and then shut up.  IMHO, the hypothetical backward compatibility
issue was the excuse rather than the reason why XML 1.1 was rejected;
the true reasons, insofar as they can be discovered, had more to
do with fear, indifference, and NIH syndrome.

> I don't think you realize the scale of the problems that can be caused by
> backwards incompatibilities. In a moderately sized organization with large
> amounts of code and data, to make a change from zh to zh-cmn (or cmn) could
> cost many millions of dollars. The truely complicated part is coordinating
> among many internal products plus thousands of vendors and API users so that
> there are not breakages. You appear to have no conception of how complicated
> this can be. And for a large organization, this is compounded many times.

+1 to this and the rest.

-- 
John Cowan   cowan@ccil.org    http://ccil.org/~cowan
If a soldier is asked why he kills people who have done him no harm, or a
terrorist why he kills innocent people with his bombs, they can always
reply that war has been declared, and there are no innocent people in an
enemy country in wartime.  The answer is psychotic, but it is the answer
that humanity has given to every act of aggression in history.  --Northrop Frye
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From: "Broome, Karen" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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To: "Broome, Karen" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>, Peter Constable
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Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 12:38:19 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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>
> I agree that zh-cmn or cmn SHOULD be used. zh will remain valid and
> includes both Mandarin and Cantonese, so MUST is too strong.
>
> I think this is the last of the disagreement. Mark Davis believes
> "zh" SHOULD be used. Could we straw poll that?
>

SHOULD be used for what? From what I've read Mark Davis believes that he MAY use 'zh' to mean Mandarin.

We already have a "rough consensus": let's work on text instead. Here is what I have revised the draft-15 text to say on the matter:

--
<section title="Using Extended Language Subtags" anchor="choiceUsingExtlang">

<t>The Chinese ('zh') and Arabic ('ar') languages and the various sign languages ('sgn') have a long tradition of using specific primary language subtags, possibly coupled with various region subtags or as part of a registered grandfathered tag, to indicate the language. With the adoption of this document, specific ISO 639-3 assigned subtags became available to identify languages within these diverse language families or groupings. Other than the sign languages, which share a mode of communication rather than any linguistic heritage, this relationship is provided for in ISO 639-3 via a "macrolanguage" mapping. Other languages are encompassed by a macrolanguage and guidance on tagging these languages is provided below. For Arabic and Chinese, however, compatibility with existing tagging practices uses the extended language tag feature to allow tags consistent with user expectations in these language communities.</t>

<t>Chinese ('zh') provides a useful illustration of this.       Many different kinds of content have used tags beginning with the 'zh' subtag, with application specific meaning being associated with region codes, private-use sequences, or grandfathered registered values. This is because historically only the macrolanguage subtag 'zh' was available for forming language tags. However, the languages encompassed by the Chinese subtag are, in the main, not mutually intelligible when spoken. Written forms of these languages also show wide variation in form and usage and many of these languages are written in various contexts.</t>

<t>Rather than require all Chinese content to be retagged, this document provides a special compatibility mechanism: the extended language subtag. Chinese languages encompassed by the 'zh' subtag are in the registry as both primary language subtags and as extended language subtags. For example, the subtag for Cantonese is 'yue'. Content in Cantonese might historically have used a tag such as "zh-HK" (since Cantonese is spoken commonly in Hong Kong), although that tag actually means any type of Chinese as used in Hong Kong. With the availability of ISO 639-3 codes in the registry, content in Cantonese SHOULD use a tag containing the 'yue' subtag. For example, a document written in the Traditional script might use a tag such as "yue-Hant" or "zh-yue-Hant-HK".</t>

<t>Applications MAY use the macrolanguage subtag to form the tag instead of using the more specific encompassed language subtag. For example, an application with large quantities of textual data already using tags with the 'zh' (Chinese) subtag might continue to use this more general subtag even for new data, even though the content could be more precisely be tagged with 'cmn' (Mandarin). Similarly, an application already using tags that start with the 'ar' (Arabic) subtag might continue to use this more general subtag even for new data, which could be more precisely be tagged with 'arb' (Standard Arabic).</t></section>

--

Addison
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Hi Mark
=20
I would like to understand the problem but first I need to see it... be
patient with me.  See inline comments...
=20
>> A standard is not a magic wand. If we cause significant backwards
compatibility problems for implementations, the standard will simply be
ignored or worse yet, we'll get splintering. An example of such a failed
standard is XML 1.1, a story that many of us are familiar with. Even =
though
the standard was almost completely backwards compatible, because it was =
not
100% backwards compatible, it failed utterly and completely.
=20
I am not sure how my position wrt 'zh' causes any backward compatibility
problems for implementations.
=20
>> I don't think you realize the scale of the problems that can be =
caused by
backwards incompatibilities. In a moderately sized organization with =
large
amounts of code and data, to make a change from zh to zh-cmn (or cmn) =
could
cost many millions of dollars. The truely complicated part is =
coordinating
among many internal products plus thousands of vendors and API users so =
that
there are not breakages. You appear to have no conception of how =
complicated
this can be. And for a large organization, this is compounded many =
times.
=20
I am sure that there are many documents that are coded 'zh' that are
Mandarin but I am not saying that you or anyone else should go through =
all
your documents and re-tag them.  What I am saying is that prior to the
publication of RFC4646bis 'zh' was used to mean Chinese which included
Mandarin and Cantonese. The dominant language encoded with 'zh' is  =
Mandarin
so future matching scenarios would benefit from some sort of tag (as I
suggested many moons ago) that would identify Mandarin as being the =
dominant
language within the 'zh' Macrolanguage.  Henceforth all documents should =
be
encoded with 'zh-cmn'/'cmn'.  I don't see the problem.  Are you saying =
that
some organizations have tagged *ONLY* Mandarin with 'zh' and they have
created their own tags for Cantonese etc. or not bothered to tag =
Cantonese
etc. at all?  Historical implementations are not broken by this method =
as I
am not suggesting deprecating 'zh' and future implementations will =
benefit
from precision tagging IMHO.=20

>> Now, you may have no sympathy for such organizations, but consider =
that
if a company is faced with the choice of, say, spending - with *no*
particular benefit to customers - large amounts of money for converting =
"zh"
to "zh-cmn", versus spending that same amount of money to support more
minority languages, what decision do you think people should make?
=20
As a business woman with a quarter of a century of experience behind me =
in
what standards cost in real terms (however big or small the company), I =
will
have every sympathy if you can give me a true to life *actual*/*factual*
scenario where this is going to cost millions.    As far as I can see
companies/organizations can continue to use 'zh' as they do today but, =
in
addition, gradually they will see the use of 'zh-cmn' or 'cmn' =
introduced
with new applications and implementations.  As
ICT's/applications/protocols/implementations are ever changing and =
software
is often outofdate the minute it hits the streets I cannot see that this =
is
going to cause a problem for long.  Basically (I feel) you are arguing =
for
'zh' to mean Mandarin by the back door ('zh'!=3DMandarin). I am opposed =
to
this.  I say again, I am not opposed to saying that the 'dominant' =
language
within 'zh' is Mandarin.=20
=20
>> If we in RFC 4646bis were to say that one MUST tag Mandarin with =
zh-cmn
(or cmn), that would be a massive backwards incompatible change from RFC
4646, inconsistent with the principle of never narrowing, and also
inconsistent with ISO 639-1/2/3. Not to speak of the nonsensical =
position of
denying that Mandarin is Chinese.
=20
Poppycock!  But if you really feel so hot about it you can make it a =
SHOULD
or PREFERRED.
=20
> Not to speak of the nonsensical position of denying that Mandarin is
Chinese.
=20
Who said that?
=20
I am happy to be corrected.  If I could clearly see that a change from =
'zh'
to 'zh-cmn' or 'cmn' would cost industry millions I would be opposed to =
it
but I am not seeing that here (yet).  I am not hearing this from the
software developers in here.  Instead I am seeing users like Karen =
saying
(somewhat) the reverse.
=20
Debbie
=20
=20


  _____ =20

From: mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] =
On
Behalf Of Mark Davis
Sent: 05 June 2008 18:48
To: debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk
Cc: Shawn Steele; LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin


> we should clearly state that zh-cmn, or cmn if that is the way the WG
decide to go,=20
> MUST be used for all future tagging [of Mandarin]...=20

A bit more on this. (Karen, this one you can mark as a scree ;-)

A standard is not a magic wand. If we cause significant backwards
compatibility problems for implementations, the standard will simply be
ignored or worse yet, we'll get splintering. An example of such a failed
standard is XML 1.1, a story that many of us are familiar with. Even =
though
the standard was almost completely backwards compatible, because it was =
not
100% backwards compatible, it failed utterly and completely.

I don't think you realize the scale of the problems that can be caused =
by
backwards incompatibilities. In a moderately sized organization with =
large
amounts of code and data, to make a change from zh to zh-cmn (or cmn) =
could
cost many millions of dollars. The truely complicated part is =
coordinating
among many internal products plus thousands of vendors and API users so =
that
there are not breakages. You appear to have no conception of how =
complicated
this can be. And for a large organization, this is compounded many =
times.

Now, you may have no sympathy for such organizations, but consider that =
if a
company is faced with the choice of, say, spending - with *no* =
particular
benefit to customers - large amounts of money for converting "zh" to
"zh-cmn", versus spending that same amount of money to support more =
minority
languages, what decision do you think people should make?

If we in RFC 4646bis were to say that one MUST tag Mandarin with zh-cmn =
(or
cmn), that would be a massive backwards incompatible change from RFC =
4646,
inconsistent with the principle of never narrowing, and also =
inconsistent
with ISO 639-1/2/3. Not to speak of the nonsensical position of denying =
that
Mandarin is Chinese.


Mark

2008/6/5 Debbie Garside <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>:


I have said this probably too many times now but here goes again...
'zh' is chinese, any sort of chinese, perhaps chinese that at the time =
of
tagging was not known to be any particular variety.  'zh' ! Mandarin and
'zh' ! Cantonese etc.  'zh' !=3D Mandarin is absolutely not correct!
=20
As stated before, whilst we are all now perfectly aware that the =
'dominant'
language within data tagged as 'zh' is Mandarin, we should in no way
encourage people to continue using 'zh' for either Mandarin or Cantonese =
or
anything else other than Chinese unknown/unstated variety.  It is my =
opinion
that we should clearly state that zh-cmn, or cmn if that is the way the =
WG
decide to go, MUST be used for all future tagging and that 'zh' will
continue to be treated as Chinese all/any varieties.  If you wish to =
have an
indicator in the file that clearly shows that a particular extlang is
considered dominant within the Macrolanguage it is quite easy to do.
=20
I feel we are going around in circles here.  We have had a straw poll =
and
yet we seem to still be going down the same route over and over again. =
'zh'
does not and should not and must not mean Mandarin!
=20
best regards
=20
Debbie


  _____ =20

From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Shawn Steele
Sent: 05 June 2008 09:12
To: Mark Davis=20

Cc: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin


And to be clear and address Karen's concern, its also OK for people to
continue to use zh for Cantonese?
=20
- Shawn
  _____ =20

From: mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] On =
Behalf Of
Mark Davis [mark.davis@icu-project.org]
Sent: Wednesday, June 04, 2008 6:22 PM
To: Shawn Steele
Cc: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin


I agree with what you say. I don't think anyone objects to zh !=3D =
Mandarin,
given the choices that 639-3 has made. Nor that it is valid to tag =
Mandarin
content with 'zh'; it is, after all, Chinese. What we worked out before =
(and
this is orthogonal to extlang vs nextlang) is to say that it is =
recommended
to use zh-cmn, but that for backwards compatibility people may choose to
continue to use zh for Mandarin.=20

(More useful advice would be that because of backwards compatibility =
people
should expect that into the indefinite future, "zh" will predominate, =
and
should keep that in mind as in using these codes either for tagging =
content
or matching content. However, we can live with having impractical advice =
in
the spec as long as it is clear that people aren't forced to follow it =
for
compliance.)

Just for information, we reran some analysis and in terms of web pages, =
the
number of pages tagged zh-cmn* is approximately 1/250000 of the number =
of
pages tagged with zh*. This is way down in the noise level: zh-cmn even
occurs far, far less often than suspect, irregular or bogus tags like:=20


zh_tw


zh_cn


ch

zh-hk

zh-classical


zh-tw-tw

gbk

zh-en


zhs

zh-cn-cn

zht

zh_hk


zho


zh-ch


zh-cn-utf-8


zh_ch

zht-tw

zhtw

zh-tw; xmlns

=BC=F2=CC=E5=D6=D0=CE=C4

=D3=A2=CE=C4

...






(there are even more frequent completely bogus tags; I filtered these to
ones that had something to do with Chinese).

Mark

On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 10:17 PM, Shawn Steele =
<Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com>
wrote:


I think that lots of people feel that zh !=3D Mandarin and that this =
should be
clear.  I don't think anyone objects to that?

I also believe that there's a general consensus that some applications =
may
want to match/filter zh when looking for Mandarin (or Cantonese), and =
that
this isn't "best practice", but MAY be useful to some applications =
because
of the historical use of zh.

Is there any disagreement with this?  There's been a lot of discussion =
on
this topic, and that seems to be most of Karen's concern with any form =
of
"zh".  I *think* we're all saying basically the same thing.  Does anyone
object to being clear that zh !=3D Mandarin?

- Shawn
_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru





--=20
Mark=20




--=20
Mark=20


------=_NextPart_000_16A4_01C8C74C.8DE583D0
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="gb2312"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dgb2312">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2900.3199" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>Hi Mark</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial size=3D2>I=20
would like to understand the problem but first I need to see it... be =
patient=20
with me.&nbsp; See inline comments...</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008>&gt;&gt; </SPAN>A standard is not =
a magic=20
wand. If we cause significant backwards compatibility problems for=20
implementations, the standard will simply be ignored or worse yet, we'll =
get=20
splintering. An example of such a failed standard is XML 1.1, a story =
that many=20
of us are familiar with. Even though the standard was almost completely=20
backwards compatible, because it was not 100% backwards compatible, it =
failed=20
utterly and completely.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>I am=20
not sure how my position wrt 'zh' causes any backward compatibility =
problems for=20
implementations.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D3>&gt;&gt; I don't think you realize the =
scale of=20
the problems that can be caused by backwards incompatibilities. In a =
moderately=20
sized organization with&nbsp;large amounts of code and data, =
to&nbsp;make a=20
change from zh to zh-cmn&nbsp;(or cmn)&nbsp;could cost many millions of =
dollars.=20
The truely complicated part is coordinating among many internal products =
plus=20
thousands of vendors and API users so that there are not breakages. You =
appear=20
to have no conception of how complicated this can be. And for a large=20
organization, this is compounded many times.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D3></FONT></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D3>I am sure that there are many =
documents that are=20
coded 'zh' that are Mandarin but I am not saying that you or anyone else =
should=20
go through all your documents and re-tag them.&nbsp; What I am saying is =
that=20
prior to the publication of RFC4646bis 'zh' was used to mean Chinese =
which=20
included Mandarin and Cantonese.&nbsp;The dominant language encoded with =

'zh'&nbsp;is&nbsp;&nbsp;Mandarin so future matching scenarios would =
benefit from=20
some sort of tag (as I suggested many moons ago) that would identify =
Mandarin as=20
being the dominant language within the 'zh' Macrolanguage.&nbsp; =
Henceforth all=20
documents should be encoded with 'zh-cmn'/'cmn'.&nbsp; I don't see the=20
problem.&nbsp; Are you saying that some organizations have tagged *ONLY* =

Mandarin with 'zh' and they have created their own tags for Cantonese =
etc. or=20
not bothered to tag Cantonese etc. at all?&nbsp; Historical =
implementations are=20
not broken by this method as I am not suggesting deprecating 'zh' and =
future=20
implementations will benefit from precision tagging =
IMHO.&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><BR><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT color=3D#0000ff>&gt;&gt; =
Now, you=20
may have no sympathy for such organizations, but consider that if&nbsp;a =
company=20
is faced with the choice of, say, spending&nbsp;- with *no* particular =
benefit=20
to customers - large amounts of money for converting "zh" to "zh-cmn", =
versus=20
spending that same amount of money to support more minority languages, =
what=20
decision do you think people should make?</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT color=3D#0000ff>As a =
business woman with=20
a quarter of a century of experience behind me in what standards cost in =
real=20
terms (however big or small the company), I will have every sympathy if =
you can=20
give me a true to life *actual*/*factual* scenario where this is going =
to cost=20
millions.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As far as I can see companies/organizations =
can=20
continue to use 'zh' as they do today but, in addition,&nbsp;gradually =
they will=20
see the use of 'zh-cmn' or 'cmn' introduced with new applications and=20
implementations.&nbsp; As ICT's/applications/protocols/implementations =
are ever=20
changing and software is often outofdate the minute it hits the streets =
I cannot=20
see that this is going to cause a problem for long.&nbsp; Basically (I =
feel) you=20
are arguing for 'zh' to mean Mandarin by the back door =
('zh'!=3DMandarin).&nbsp;I=20
am opposed to this.&nbsp; I&nbsp;say again, I am not opposed to saying =
that=20
the&nbsp;'dominant' language within 'zh'=20
is&nbsp;Mandarin.&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT color=3D#0000ff>&gt;&gt; If =
we in RFC=20
4646bis were to say that one MUST tag Mandarin with zh-cmn (or cmn), =
that would=20
be a massive backwards incompatible change from RFC 4646, inconsistent =
with the=20
principle of never narrowing, and also inconsistent with ISO 639-1/2/3. =
Not to=20
speak of the nonsensical position of denying that Mandarin is=20
Chinese.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff>Poppycock!&nbsp; But if=20
you really feel so hot about it you can make it a SHOULD or=20
PREFERRED.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT color=3D#0000ff>&gt; Not to =
speak of the=20
nonsensical position of denying that Mandarin is =
Chinese.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT color=3D#0000ff>Who said=20
that?</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT color=3D#0000ff>I am happy =
to be=20
corrected.&nbsp; If I could clearly see that a change from 'zh' to =
'zh-cmn' or=20
'cmn' would cost industry millions I would be opposed to&nbsp;it but I =
am not=20
seeing that here (yet).&nbsp; I am not hearing this from the software =
developers=20
in here.&nbsp; Instead I am seeing users like Karen saying (somewhat) =
the=20
reverse.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff>Debbie</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D765080219-05062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft>
  <HR tabIndex=3D-1>
  <FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> mark.edward.davis@gmail.com=20
  [mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Mark=20
  Davis<BR><B>Sent:</B> 05 June 2008 18:48<BR><B>To:</B>=20
  debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk<BR><B>Cc:</B> Shawn Steele; LTRU Working=20
  Group<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D =
Mandarin<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
  <DIV></DIV>&gt;&nbsp;<SPAN class=3DApple-style-span=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse">we should =
clearly state=20
  that zh-cmn, or cmn if that is&nbsp;the way the WG decide to =
go,</SPAN>
  <DIV><SPAN class=3DApple-style-span=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Arial; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse">&gt; MUST be =
used for=20
  all future tagging [of Mandarin]...</SPAN>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>A bit more on this. (Karen, this one you can mark as a scree =
;-)</DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>A standard is not a magic wand. If we cause significant backwards =

  compatibility problems for implementations, the standard will simply =
be=20
  ignored or worse yet, we'll get splintering. An example of such a =
failed=20
  standard is XML 1.1, a story that many of us are familiar with. Even =
though=20
  the standard was almost completely backwards compatible, because it =
was not=20
  100% backwards compatible, it failed utterly and completely.</DIV>
  <DIV><BR>I don't think you realize the scale of the problems that can =
be=20
  caused by backwards incompatibilities. In a moderately sized =
organization=20
  with&nbsp;large amounts of code and data, to&nbsp;make a change from =
zh to=20
  zh-cmn&nbsp;(or cmn)&nbsp;could cost many millions of dollars. The =
truely=20
  complicated part is coordinating among many internal products plus =
thousands=20
  of vendors and API users so that there are not breakages. You appear =
to have=20
  no conception of how complicated this can be. And for a large =
organization,=20
  this is compounded many times.</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>Now, you may have no sympathy for such organizations, but =
consider that=20
  if&nbsp;a company is faced with the choice of, say, spending&nbsp;- =
with *no*=20
  particular benefit to customers - large amounts of money for =
converting "zh"=20
  to "zh-cmn", versus spending that same amount of money to support more =

  minority languages, what decision do you think people should =
make?</DIV>
  <DIV><BR>If we in RFC 4646bis were to say that one MUST tag Mandarin =
with=20
  zh-cmn (or cmn), that would be a massive backwards incompatible change =
from=20
  RFC 4646, inconsistent with the principle of never narrowing, and also =

  inconsistent with ISO 639-1/2/3. Not to speak of the nonsensical =
position of=20
  denying that Mandarin is Chinese.<BR></DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>Mark</DIV>
  <DIV><BR>
  <DIV class=3Dgmail_quote>2008/6/5 Debbie Garside &lt;<A=20
  =
href=3D"mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk">debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk</A>&g=
t;:<BR>
  <BLOCKQUOTE class=3Dgmail_quote=20
  style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: =
#ccc 1px solid">
    <DIV>
    <DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>I have=20
    said this probably too many times now but here goes=20
    again...</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
    <DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>'zh' =
is chinese, any=20
    sort of chinese, perhaps chinese that at the time of tagging was not =
known=20
    to be any particular variety.&nbsp; 'zh' ! Mandarin and 'zh' ! =
Cantonese=20
    etc.&nbsp; 'zh' !=3D Mandarin is absolutely not =
correct!</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
    <DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN><FONT face=3DArial=20
    size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>As =
stated before,=20
    whilst we are all now perfectly aware that the&nbsp;'dominant' =
language=20
    within data tagged as 'zh' is Mandarin, we should in no way =
encourage people=20
    to continue using 'zh' for either Mandarin or Cantonese or anything =
else=20
    other than Chinese unknown/unstated variety.&nbsp; It is my opinion =
that we=20
    should clearly state that zh-cmn, or cmn if that is&nbsp;the way the =
WG=20
    decide to go,&nbsp;MUST be used for all future tagging and that 'zh' =
will=20
    continue to be treated as Chinese all/any varieties.&nbsp; If you =
wish to=20
    have an indicator in the file that clearly shows that a particular =
extlang=20
    is considered dominant within the Macrolanguage it is quite easy to=20
    do.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
    <DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN><FONT face=3DArial=20
    size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>I feel =
we are going=20
    around in circles here.&nbsp; We have had a straw poll and yet we =
seem to=20
    still be going down the same route over and over again. 'zh' does =
not and=20
    should not and must not mean Mandarin!</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
    <DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN><FONT face=3DArial=20
    size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>best=20
    regards</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
    <DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN><FONT face=3DArial=20
    size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
    <DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN><FONT face=3DArial=20
    size=3D2>Debbie</FONT></SPAN></DIV><BR>
    <BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
    style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff =
2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
      <DIV lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft>
      <HR>
      <FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> <A=20
      href=3D"mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org"=20
      target=3D_blank>ltru-bounces@ietf.org</A> [mailto:<A=20
      href=3D"mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org"=20
      target=3D_blank>ltru-bounces@ietf.org</A>] <B>On Behalf Of =
</B>Shawn=20
      Steele<BR><B>Sent:</B> 05 June 2008 09:12<BR><B>To:</B> Mark Davis
      <DIV>
      <DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DWj3C7c><BR><B>Cc:</B> LTRU Working =
Group<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re:=20
      [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin<BR></DIV></DIV></FONT><BR></DIV>
      <DIV>
      <DIV></DIV>
      <DIV class=3DWj3C7c>
      <DIV></DIV>
      <DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DTahoma color=3D#000000 size=3D2>And to =
be clear and=20
      address Karen's concern, its also OK for people to continue to use =
zh for=20
      Cantonese?</FONT></DIV>
      <DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3Dtahoma size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
      <DIV dir=3Dltr><FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2>-<FONT face=3Dtahoma>=20
      Shawn</FONT></FONT></DIV>
      <DIV style=3D"DIRECTION: ltr">
      <HR>
      <FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> <A=20
      href=3D"mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com"=20
      target=3D_blank>mark.edward.davis@gmail.com</A> [<A=20
      href=3D"mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com"=20
      target=3D_blank>mark.edward.davis@gmail.com</A>] On Behalf Of Mark =
Davis [<A=20
      href=3D"mailto:mark.davis@icu-project.org"=20
      target=3D_blank>mark.davis@icu-project.org</A>]<BR><B>Sent:</B> =
Wednesday,=20
      June 04, 2008 6:22 PM<BR><B>To:</B> Shawn Steele<BR><B>Cc:</B> =
LTRU=20
      Working Group<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D=20
      Mandarin<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
      <DIV></DIV>
      <DIV>I agree with what you say. I don't think anyone objects to zh =
!=3D=20
      Mandarin, given the choices that 639-3 has made. Nor that it is =
valid to=20
      tag Mandarin content with 'zh'; it is, after all, =
Chinese.&nbsp;What we=20
      worked out before (and this is orthogonal to extlang vs nextlang) =
is to=20
      say that it is recommended to use zh-cmn, but that for backwards=20
      compatibility people may choose to continue to use zh for =
Mandarin.=20
      <DIV><BR></DIV>
      <DIV>(More useful advice would be that because of backwards =
compatibility=20
      people should expect that into the indefinite future, "zh" will=20
      predominate, and should keep that in mind as in using these codes =
either=20
      for tagging content or matching content. However, we can live with =
having=20
      impractical advice in the spec as long as it is clear that people =
aren't=20
      forced to follow it for compliance.)</DIV>
      <DIV><BR></DIV>
      <DIV>Just for information, we reran some analysis and in terms of =
web=20
      pages, the number of pages tagged zh-cmn* is approximately =
1/250000<SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">&nbsp;of the number of pages =
tagged with=20
      zh*. This is way down in the noise level: zh-cmn even occurs far, =
far less=20
      often than suspect, irregular or bogus tags like:</SPAN>=20
      <DIV><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica"><BR></SPAN></DIV>
      <DIV><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh_tw<BR></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh_cn<BR></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">ch</P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-hk</P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px =
Helvetica">zh-classical<BR></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-tw-tw</P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">gbk</P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-en<BR></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zhs</P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-cn-cn</P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zht</P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh_hk<BR></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zho<BR></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-ch<BR></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-cn-utf-8<BR></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh_ch</P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zht-tw</P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zhtw</P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">zh-tw; xmlns</P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px =
Helvetica">=BC=F2=CC=E5=D6=D0=CE=C4</P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">=D3=A2=CE=C4</P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">...</P>
      <DIV><BR></DIV></SPAN></DIV>
      <DIV><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">
      <DIV>
      <DIV>
      <DIV>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica"></P>
      <DIV>(there are even more frequent completely bogus tags; I =
filtered these=20
      to ones that had something to do with Chinese).</DIV>
      <DIV><BR></DIV>
      <DIV>Mark</DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></SPAN>
      <DIV><BR>
      <DIV class=3Dgmail_quote>On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 10:17 PM, Shawn =
Steele=20
      &lt;<A href=3D"mailto:Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com"=20
      target=3D_blank>Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com</A>&gt; wrote:<BR>
      <BLOCKQUOTE class=3Dgmail_quote=20
      style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; =
BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid">I=20
        think that lots of people feel that zh !=3D Mandarin and that =
this should=20
        be clear. &nbsp;I don't think anyone objects to that?<BR><BR>I =
also=20
        believe that there's a general consensus that some applications =
may want=20
        to match/filter zh when looking for Mandarin (or Cantonese), and =
that=20
        this isn't "best practice", but MAY be useful to some =
applications=20
        because of the historical use of zh.<BR><BR>Is there any =
disagreement=20
        with this? &nbsp;There's been a lot of discussion on this topic, =
and=20
        that seems to be most of Karen's concern with any form of "zh". =
&nbsp;I=20
        *think* we're all saying basically the same thing. &nbsp;Does =
anyone=20
        object to being clear that zh !=3D Mandarin?<BR><BR>-=20
        Shawn<BR>_______________________________________________<BR>Ltru =
mailing=20
        list<BR><A href=3D"mailto:Ltru@ietf.org"=20
        target=3D_blank>Ltru@ietf.org</A><BR><A=20
        href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru"=20
        =
target=3D_blank>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</A><BR></BLOCK=
QUOTE></DIV><BR><BR=20
      clear=3Dall><BR>-- <BR>Mark=20
    =
</DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV=
><BR><BR=20
  clear=3Dall><BR>-- <BR>Mark =
</DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_000_16A4_01C8C74C.8DE583D0--


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--===============0065583810==--



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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 12:48:10 -0700
Thread-Topic: draft-15 update...
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I have updated Draft-15 on Inter-Locale with some changes.

Thanks to several of you for editorial fixes sent offlist.

  http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.html
  http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.txt
  http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.xml

Addison (for the editors)

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


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From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
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	"'Broome, Karen'" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>,
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Addison wrote:


> <t>Applications MAY use the macrolanguage subtag to form the
> tag instead of using the more specific encompassed language
> subtag. For example, an application with large quantities of
> textual data already using tags with the 'zh' (Chinese)
> subtag might continue to use this more general subtag even
> for new data, even though the content could be more precisely
> be tagged with 'cmn' (Mandarin). Similarly, an application
> already using tags that start with the 'ar' (Arabic) subtag
> might continue to use this more general subtag even for new
> data, which could be more precisely be tagged with 'arb'
> (Standard Arabic).</t></section>

I would suggest the following changes:

 <t>Applications MAY use the macrolanguage subtag to form the
 tag instead of using the more specific encompassed language
 subtag. For example, an application with large quantities of
 textual data already using tags with the 'zh' (Chinese)
 subtag might continue to use this more general subtag even
 for new data, even though the content could be more precisely
 be tagged with 'cmn' (Mandarin) or 'yue' (Cantonese). Similarly, an
application
 already using tags that start with the 'ar' (Arabic) subtag
 might continue to use this more general subtag even for new
 data, which could be more precisely tagged with 'arb'
 (Standard Arabic) or any other subtag encompassed by the 'ar'
Macrolanguage.</t></section>

Debbie



> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Phillips, Addison
> Sent: 05 June 2008 20:38
> To: Broome, Karen; Peter Constable
> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
>
> >
> > I agree that zh-cmn or cmn SHOULD be used. zh will remain valid and
> > includes both Mandarin and Cantonese, so MUST is too strong.
> >
> > I think this is the last of the disagreement. Mark Davis
> believes "zh"
> > SHOULD be used. Could we straw poll that?
> >
>
> SHOULD be used for what? From what I've read Mark Davis
> believes that he MAY use 'zh' to mean Mandarin.
>
> We already have a "rough consensus": let's work on text
> instead. Here is what I have revised the draft-15 text to say
> on the matter:
>
> --
> <section title="Using Extended Language Subtags"
> anchor="choiceUsingExtlang">
>
> <t>The Chinese ('zh') and Arabic ('ar') languages and the
> various sign languages ('sgn') have a long tradition of using
> specific primary language subtags, possibly coupled with
> various region subtags or as part of a registered
> grandfathered tag, to indicate the language. With the
> adoption of this document, specific ISO 639-3 assigned
> subtags became available to identify languages within these
> diverse language families or groupings. Other than the sign
> languages, which share a mode of communication rather than
> any linguistic heritage, this relationship is provided for in
> ISO 639-3 via a "macrolanguage" mapping. Other languages are
> encompassed by a macrolanguage and guidance on tagging these
> languages is provided below. For Arabic and Chinese, however,
> compatibility with existing tagging practices uses the
> extended language tag feature to allow tags consistent with
> user expectations in these language communities.</t>
>
> <t>Chinese ('zh') provides a useful illustration of this.
>   Many different kinds of content have used tags beginning
> with the 'zh' subtag, with application specific meaning being
> associated with region codes, private-use sequences, or
> grandfathered registered values. This is because historically
> only the macrolanguage subtag 'zh' was available for forming
> language tags. However, the languages encompassed by the
> Chinese subtag are, in the main, not mutually intelligible
> when spoken. Written forms of these languages also show wide
> variation in form and usage and many of these languages are
> written in various contexts.</t>
>
> <t>Rather than require all Chinese content to be retagged,
> this document provides a special compatibility mechanism: the
> extended language subtag. Chinese languages encompassed by
> the 'zh' subtag are in the registry as both primary language
> subtags and as extended language subtags. For example, the
> subtag for Cantonese is 'yue'. Content in Cantonese might
> historically have used a tag such as "zh-HK" (since Cantonese
> is spoken commonly in Hong Kong), although that tag actually
> means any type of Chinese as used in Hong Kong. With the
> availability of ISO 639-3 codes in the registry, content in
> Cantonese SHOULD use a tag containing the 'yue' subtag. For
> example, a document written in the Traditional script might
> use a tag such as "yue-Hant" or "zh-yue-Hant-HK".</t>
>
> <t>Applications MAY use the macrolanguage subtag to form the
> tag instead of using the more specific encompassed language
> subtag. For example, an application with large quantities of
> textual data already using tags with the 'zh' (Chinese)
> subtag might continue to use this more general subtag even
> for new data, even though the content could be more precisely
> be tagged with 'cmn' (Mandarin). Similarly, an application
> already using tags that start with the 'ar' (Arabic) subtag
> might continue to use this more general subtag even for new
> data, which could be more precisely be tagged with 'arb'
> (Standard Arabic).</t></section>
>
> --
>
> Addison
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>
>
>




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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 13:17:29 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Standard german (Was: Consensus call: extlang
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Randy Presuhn


> > Hold on. For Standard Arabic, the "proper" tag is "arb". But for
> > Standard German, what could be used instead of "de" if we change "de"
> > to mean "Any sort of German"?
>
> An appropriately registered subtag following de, if someone has a need
> to make the distinction.  (I don't see it as a change at all.  Perhaps
> it's
> because I used to teach German, but for me "Standard German" is a
> narrowly defined and somewhat artificial beast, not to be confused
> with the welter of mutually intelligible varieties of German (i.e.,
> 'de') spoken all over the world.)

For which, variant subtags sound just right.



Peter
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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> From: Broome, Karen [mailto:Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com]

> I agree that zh-cmn or cmn SHOULD be used. zh will remain valid and
> includes both Mandarin and Cantonese, so MUST is too strong.
>
> I think this is the last of the disagreement. Mark Davis believes "zh"
> SHOULD be used. Could we straw poll that?

SHOULD be used for what? For any Mandarin? I can't speak for him, but I'd guess his position would be that, for some application scenarios, zh is what should be used for Mandarin, but that we shouldn't make that recommendation across the board -- and I'd agree with that. Every application has to evaluate what makes best sense.

Where there is no reason not to do so and any potential need to differentiate, then I think Mandarin content should be tagged zh-cmn / cmn.

Where there are particular reasons for doing so, I have no problem if implementers of some application decide that, for their purposes, all Mandarin content should be tagged zh. And if someone has no reason why not to tag zh-cmn / cmn but they believe they will never have a need to differentiate and decide they just want to tag their Mandarin content as zh, I don't care at all: it's their prerogative to tag Chinese content as Chinese. And if they decide to describe their content to users as "Mandarin", I might say, "Be careful that doesn't come back to bite you later on," but then leave them to take their own risks.



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<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Debbie: you suggested we say that Mandarin content MUST be
tagged zh-cmn (or cmn). In terms of back compat, that really is a non-start=
er.
Of course, =A1=B0cmn=A1=B1 alone would obviously be so, but then you=A1=AFr=
e not a proponent
of that. But even =A1=B0zh-cmn=A1=B1 will not be an option for some existin=
g
implementations that simply have no way to accommodate that tag for any of =
a
variety of reasons (they don=A1=AFt recognize =A1=B0cmn=A1=B1, or they need=
 to use
right-truncation in matching zh* and zh-Hant, etc.).<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Saying MUST in this case would almost certainly be a last-ca=
ll blocker
for 4646bis: I and I=A1=AFm sure others here would make every effort to blo=
ck that.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I don=A1=AFt think we=A1=AFre far from a consensus on reason=
able
recommendations that could be made. Asking for this MUST is definitely movi=
ng
away from any consensus, IMO.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Peter<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<div style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in =
4.0pt'>

<div>

<div style=3D'border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in'>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma=
","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>De=
bbie
Garside<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, June 05, 2008 12:42 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Mark Davis'<br>
<b>Cc:</b> 'LTRU Working Group'<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>Hi
Mark</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>I
would like to understand the problem but first I need to see it... be patie=
nt
with me.&nbsp; See inline comments...</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&gt;&gt; A standard is not a magic wand. If we cause
significant backwards compatibility problems for implementations, the stand=
ard
will simply be ignored or worse yet, we'll get splintering. An example of s=
uch
a failed standard is XML 1.1, a story that many of us are familiar with. Ev=
en
though the standard was almost completely backwards compatible, because it =
was
not 100% backwards compatible, it failed utterly and completely.<o:p></o:p>=
</p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif";
color:blue'>I am not sure how my position wrt 'zh' causes any backward
compatibility problems for implementations.</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>=
&gt;&gt;
I don't think you realize the scale of the problems that can be caused by
backwards incompatibilities. In a moderately sized organization with&nbsp;l=
arge
amounts of code and data, to&nbsp;make a change from zh to zh-cmn&nbsp;(or
cmn)&nbsp;could cost many millions of dollars. The truely complicated part =
is
coordinating among many internal products plus thousands of vendors and API
users so that there are not breakages. You appear to have no conception of =
how
complicated this can be. And for a large organization, this is compounded m=
any
times.</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>=
I am
sure that there are many documents that are coded 'zh' that are Mandarin bu=
t I
am not saying that you or anyone else should go through all your documents =
and
re-tag them.&nbsp; What I am saying is that prior to the publication of
RFC4646bis 'zh' was used to mean Chinese which included Mandarin and
Cantonese.&nbsp;The dominant language encoded with
'zh'&nbsp;is&nbsp;&nbsp;Mandarin so future matching scenarios would benefit
from some sort of tag (as I suggested many moons ago) that would identify
Mandarin as being the dominant language within the 'zh' Macrolanguage.&nbsp=
;
Henceforth all documents should be encoded with 'zh-cmn'/'cmn'.&nbsp; I don=
't
see the problem.&nbsp; Are you saying that some organizations have tagged
*ONLY* Mandarin with 'zh' and they have created their own tags for Cantones=
e
etc. or not bothered to tag Cantonese etc. at all?&nbsp; Historical
implementations are not broken by this method as I am not suggesting deprec=
ating
'zh' and future implementations will benefit from precision tagging IMHO.&n=
bsp;</span><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'><br>
<span style=3D'color:blue'>&gt;&gt; Now, you may have no sympathy for such
organizations, but consider that if&nbsp;a company is faced with the choice=
 of,
say, spending&nbsp;- with *no* particular benefit to customers - large amou=
nts
of money for converting &quot;zh&quot; to &quot;zh-cmn&quot;, versus spendi=
ng
that same amount of money to support more minority languages, what decision=
 do
you think people should make?</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif";
color:blue'>As a business woman with a quarter of a century of experience
behind me in what standards cost in real terms (however big or small the
company), I will have every sympathy if you can give me a true to life
*actual*/*factual* scenario where this is going to cost
millions.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As far as I can see companies/organizations can
continue to use 'zh' as they do today but, in addition,&nbsp;gradually they
will see the use of 'zh-cmn' or 'cmn' introduced with new applications and
implementations.&nbsp; As ICT's/applications/protocols/implementations are =
ever
changing and software is often outofdate the minute it hits the streets I
cannot see that this is going to cause a problem for long.&nbsp; Basically =
(I
feel) you are arguing for 'zh' to mean Mandarin by the back door
('zh'!=3DMandarin).&nbsp;I am opposed to this.&nbsp; I&nbsp;say again, I am=
 not
opposed to saying that the&nbsp;'dominant' language within 'zh'
is&nbsp;Mandarin.&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"=
Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif";
color:blue'>&gt;&gt; If we in RFC 4646bis were to say that one MUST tag
Mandarin with zh-cmn (or cmn), that would be a massive backwards incompatib=
le
change from RFC 4646, inconsistent with the principle of never narrowing, a=
nd
also inconsistent with ISO 639-1/2/3. Not to speak of the nonsensical posit=
ion
of denying that Mandarin is Chinese.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif";
color:blue'>Poppycock!&nbsp; But if you really feel so hot about it you can
make it a SHOULD or PREFERRED.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-f=
amily:
"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif";
color:blue'>&gt; Not to speak of the nonsensical position of denying that
Mandarin is Chinese.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Ari=
al","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif";
color:blue'>Who said that?</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-famil=
y:
"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif";
color:blue'>I am happy to be corrected.&nbsp; If I could clearly see that a
change from 'zh' to 'zh-cmn' or 'cmn' would cost industry millions I would =
be
opposed to&nbsp;it but I am not seeing that here (yet).&nbsp; I am not hear=
ing
this from the software developers in here.&nbsp; Instead I am seeing users =
like
Karen saying (somewhat) the reverse.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif";
color:blue'>Debbie</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial=
","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<blockquote style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0=
in 0in 4.0pt;
margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'>

<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> mark.edward.davis@gmail.com
[mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Mark Davis<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 05 June 2008 18:48<br>
<b>To:</b> debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Shawn Steele; LTRU Working Group<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&gt;&nbsp;<span class=3Dapple-style-span><span
style=3D'font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>we should clearly state that zh-=
cmn,
or cmn if that is&nbsp;the way the WG decide to go,</span></span> <o:p></o:=
p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3Dapple-style-span><span style=3D'font-fam=
ily:"Arial","sans-serif"'>&gt;
MUST be used for all future tagging [of Mandarin]...</span></span> <o:p></o=
:p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>A bit more on this. (Karen, this one you can mark as a=
 scree
;-)<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>A standard is not a magic wand. If we cause significan=
t
backwards compatibility problems for implementations, the standard will sim=
ply
be ignored or worse yet, we'll get splintering. An example of such a failed
standard is XML 1.1, a story that many of us are familiar with. Even though=
 the
standard was almost completely backwards compatible, because it was not 100=
%
backwards compatible, it failed utterly and completely.<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><br>
I don't think you realize the scale of the problems that can be caused by
backwards incompatibilities. In a moderately sized organization with&nbsp;l=
arge
amounts of code and data, to&nbsp;make a change from zh to zh-cmn&nbsp;(or
cmn)&nbsp;could cost many millions of dollars. The truely complicated part =
is
coordinating among many internal products plus thousands of vendors and API
users so that there are not breakages. You appear to have no conception of =
how
complicated this can be. And for a large organization, this is compounded m=
any
times.<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>Now, you may have no sympathy for such organizations, =
but
consider that if&nbsp;a company is faced with the choice of, say,
spending&nbsp;- with *no* particular benefit to customers - large amounts o=
f
money for converting &quot;zh&quot; to &quot;zh-cmn&quot;, versus spending =
that
same amount of money to support more minority languages, what decision do y=
ou
think people should make?<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><br>
If we in RFC 4646bis were to say that one MUST tag Mandarin with zh-cmn (or
cmn), that would be a massive backwards incompatible change from RFC 4646,
inconsistent with the principle of never narrowing, and also inconsistent w=
ith
ISO 639-1/2/3. Not to speak of the nonsensical position of denying that
Mandarin is Chinese.<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>Mark<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>2008/6/5 Debbie Garside &lt;<a
href=3D"mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk">debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk</a>&gt;=
:<o:p></o:p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif";
color:blue'>I have said this probably too many times now but here goes agai=
n...</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>'zh'
is chinese, any sort of chinese, perhaps chinese that at the time of taggin=
g
was not known to be any particular variety.&nbsp; 'zh' ! Mandarin and 'zh' =
!
Cantonese etc.&nbsp; 'zh' !=3D Mandarin is absolutely not correct!</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>As
stated before, whilst we are all now perfectly aware that the&nbsp;'dominan=
t'
language within data tagged as 'zh' is Mandarin, we should in no way encour=
age people
to continue using 'zh' for either Mandarin or Cantonese or anything else ot=
her
than Chinese unknown/unstated variety.&nbsp; It is my opinion that we shoul=
d
clearly state that zh-cmn, or cmn if that is&nbsp;the way the WG decide to
go,&nbsp;MUST be used for all future tagging and that 'zh' will continue to=
 be
treated as Chinese all/any varieties.&nbsp; If you wish to have an indicato=
r in
the file that clearly shows that a particular extlang is considered dominan=
t
within the Macrolanguage it is quite easy to do.</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>I
feel we are going around in circles here.&nbsp; We have had a straw poll an=
d
yet we seem to still be going down the same route over and over again. 'zh'
does not and should not and must not mean Mandarin!</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>best
regards</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>Debbie</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<blockquote style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0=
in 0in 4.0pt;
margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'>

<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma=
","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> <a
href=3D"mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">ltru-bounces@ietf.o=
rg</a>
[mailto:<a href=3D"mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">ltru-bou=
nces@ietf.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Shawn Steele<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 05 June 2008 09:12<br>
<b>To:</b> Mark Davis <o:p></o:p></span></p>

<div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","=
sans-serif"'><br>
<b>Cc:</b> LTRU Working Group<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<div>

<div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","=
sans-serif";
color:black'>And to be clear and address Karen's concern, its also OK for
people to continue to use zh for Cantonese?</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","=
sans-serif"'>-
Shawn</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'>

<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> <a href=3D"mailto:mark.edward.davis@gma=
il.com"
target=3D"_blank">mark.edward.davis@gmail.com</a> [<a
href=3D"mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">mark.edward.d=
avis@gmail.com</a>]
On Behalf Of Mark Davis [<a href=3D"mailto:mark.davis@icu-project.org"
target=3D"_blank">mark.davis@icu-project.org</a>]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, June 04, 2008 6:22 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Shawn Steele<br>
<b>Cc:</b> LTRU Working Group<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>I agree with what you say. I don't think anyone object=
s to
zh !=3D Mandarin, given the choices that 639-3 has made. Nor that it is val=
id to
tag Mandarin content with 'zh'; it is, after all, Chinese.&nbsp;What we wor=
ked
out before (and this is orthogonal to extlang vs nextlang) is to say that i=
t is
recommended to use zh-cmn, but that for backwards compatibility people may
choose to continue to use zh for Mandarin. <o:p></o:p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>(More useful advice would be that because of backwards
compatibility people should expect that into the indefinite future,
&quot;zh&quot; will predominate, and should keep that in mind as in using t=
hese
codes either for tagging content or matching content. However, we can live =
with
having impractical advice in the spec as long as it is clear that people ar=
en't
forced to follow it for compliance.)<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>Just for information, we reran some analysis and in te=
rms of
web pages, the number of pages tagged zh-cmn* is approximately 1/250000<spa=
n
style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>&nbsp;of the number of pages
tagged with zh*. This is way down in the noise level: zh-cmn even occurs fa=
r,
far less often than suspect, irregular or bogus tags like:</span> <o:p></o:=
p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh_tw<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh_cn<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>ch<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-hk<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-classical<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-tw-tw<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>gbk<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-en<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zhs<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-cn-cn<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zht<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh_hk<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zho<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-ch<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-cn-utf-8<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh_ch<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zht-tw<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zhtw<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-tw; xmlns<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'f=
ont-size:
9.0pt'>=BC=F2=CC=E5=D6=D0=CE=C4</span><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-f=
amily:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'f=
ont-size:
9.0pt'>=D3=A2=CE=C4</span><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helve=
tica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p style=3D'margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;
font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>...<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><=
o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

</div>

</div>

<div>

<div>

<div>

<div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>(=
there
are even more frequent completely bogus tags; I filtered these to ones that=
 had
something to do with Chinese).<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><=
o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>M=
ark<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 10:17 PM, Shawn Steele &lt;<a
href=3D"mailto:Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com" target=3D"_blank">Shawn.Steele@m=
icrosoft.com</a>&gt;
wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>I think that lots of people feel that zh !=3D Mandarin=
 and
that this should be clear. &nbsp;I don't think anyone objects to that?<br>
<br>
I also believe that there's a general consensus that some applications may =
want
to match/filter zh when looking for Mandarin (or Cantonese), and that this
isn't &quot;best practice&quot;, but MAY be useful to some applications bec=
ause
of the historical use of zh.<br>
<br>
Is there any disagreement with this? &nbsp;There's been a lot of discussion=
 on
this topic, and that seems to be most of Karen's concern with any form of
&quot;zh&quot;. &nbsp;I *think* we're all saying basically the same thing.
&nbsp;Does anyone object to being clear that zh !=3D Mandarin?<br>
<br>
- Shawn<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Ltru@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><br>
<br clear=3Dall>
<br>
-- <br>
Mark <o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</blockquote>

</div>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><br>
<br clear=3Dall>
<br>
-- <br>
Mark <o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</blockquote>

</div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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From: "Broome, Karen" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>
To: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>, "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Peter wrote:

>> Karen wrote:
>
>> I agree that zh-cmn or cmn SHOULD be used. zh will remain valid
>and
>> includes both Mandarin and Cantonese, so MUST is too strong.
>>
>> I think this is the last of the disagreement. Mark Davis believes
>"zh"
>> SHOULD be used. Could we straw poll that?
>
>SHOULD be used for what? For any Mandarin?

Yes, any Mandarin. We should not be making application-specific recommendations or suggesting useful hacks. We are making recommendations from the perspective of identifying languages. I believe best practice for identifying these languages -- now that ISO 639-3 is published and will be incorporated -- is to tag Mandarin as "zh-cmn" or "cmn" depending on what we decide on extlang.

>Where there is no reason not to do so and any potential need to
>differentiate, then I think Mandarin content should be tagged zh-cmn
>/ cmn.

If you tag your content as "zh" and I tag mine as "zh-cmn" because I need that specificity, the application that aggregates this content could have problems. Smart applications will need to handle both tags, whether ambiguous or not. But I think we should encourage a transition from the ambiguous tagging to more specific choices. This is important to the data in my industry, which uses a lot more Cantonese tagging than Mark's spiders can see. Increasingly this content is moving to the web and will be tagged. Realistically, many applications will continue to use "zh" variants and this is not wrong. It's just not very specific.

Best practice is to be more specific in Mandarin tagging because of all the audio and video content that is flooding the web today. I don't think we should suggest any use of "zh" alone, though it would be OK to mention that the tag for Chinese languages "zh" remains valid, but should not be used moving forward for Mandarin or Cantonese tagging.


Karen Broome


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Phillips, Addison 2008-06-05 21.38:

> -- <section title=3D"Using Extended Language Subtags"
> anchor=3D"choiceUsingExtlang">

   [...]

> <t>Applications MAY use the macrolanguage subtag to form the
> tag instead of using the more specific encompassed language
> subtag. For example, an application with large quantities of
> textual data already using tags with the 'zh' (Chinese) subtag
> might continue to use this more general subtag even for new
> data, even though the content could be more precisely be tagged
> with 'cmn' (Mandarin). Similarly, an application already using
> tags that start with the 'ar' (Arabic) subtag might continue to
> use this more general subtag even for new data, which could be
> more precisely be tagged with 'arb' (Standard
> Arabic).</t></section>

I would like these guidelines, for when to avoid and when to =

recommend the macrolanguage tag, to go in:

<t>When using a macrolanguage subtag to form the tag for an =

encompassed language, one should be reluctant to translate its =

meaning =96 in a user interface or similar =96 to the spesific name. =

For example, if one wants to label Mandarin as "Chinese", then =

'zh' is fine. But if one wants to label Mandarin as "Mandarin", =

then 'zh' is not appropriate for this. Using 'zh' while displaying =

it as "Mandarin" could lead to compatibility problems and =

confusion amongst consumers and endusers.</t>

<t>Interfaces for choosing between two (or more) encompassed =

languages of the same macrolanguage do wise in considering the =

needs for neutrality and clearness before letting one of the =

encompassed languages being distinguished from the others by the =

use of the macrolanguage tag. For instance, look out for =

macrolanguages whose name equals that of a nationality.</t>

<t>However, the macrolanguage tags might still be suitable even in =

a contexts with several encompassed languages. For example, if a =

system is localized for each and everyone of the encompassed =

langauges of a particular macrolangauge -- for example each of the =

13 encompassed Chinese languages -- the macrolangauge tag might be =

reserved for resources which for some reason are not intended for =

translation, but which still are intended for the users of all the =

encompassed languages.</t>

<t>Or, in a strictly monlinguaal, encompassed language system, for =

example for Mandarin, the 'zh' tag could be reserved -- or open -- =

for content which is not Mandarin, in order to allow coexistens of =

Chinese resourceses which are not Mandarine and wihtout tagging =

them as Mandarin.</t>
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To: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
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That text looks like it represents what I think is the emerging rough
consensus, and I agree that we should work on the text rather than at a
theoretical level.
I have a few minor points below.

On Thu, Jun 5, 2008 at 12:38 PM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>
wrote:

> >
> > I agree that zh-cmn or cmn SHOULD be used. zh will remain valid and
> > includes both Mandarin and Cantonese, so MUST is too strong.
> >
> > I think this is the last of the disagreement. Mark Davis believes
> > "zh" SHOULD be used. Could we straw poll that?
> >
>
> SHOULD be used for what? From what I've read Mark Davis believes that he
> MAY use 'zh' to mean Mandarin.


Yes.


>
>
> We already have a "rough consensus": let's work on text instead. Here is
> what I have revised the draft-15 text to say on the matter:
>
> --
> <section title="Using Extended Language Subtags"
> anchor="choiceUsingExtlang">
>
> <t>The Chinese ('zh') and Arabic ('ar') languages and the various sign
> languages ('sgn') have a long tradition of using specific primary language
> subtags, possibly coupled with various region subtags or as part of a
> registered grandfathered tag, to indicate the language. With the adoption of
> this document, specific ISO 639-3 assigned subtags became available to
> identify languages within these diverse language families or groupings.
> Other than the sign languages, which share a mode of communication rather
> than any linguistic heritage, this relationship is provided for in ISO 639-3
> via a "macrolanguage" mapping. Other languages are encompassed by a
> macrolanguage and guidance on tagging these languages is provided below.


=> For most languages encompassed by a macrolanguage, guidance ...


> For Arabic and Chinese, however, compatibility with existing tagging
> practices uses the extended language tag feature to allow tags consistent
> with user expectations in these language communities.</t>

 Did you mean to include sgn here also?

>
>
> <t>Chinese ('zh') provides a useful illustration of this.       Many
> different kinds of content have used tags beginning with the 'zh' subtag,
> with application specific meaning being associated with region codes,
> private-use sequences, or grandfathered registered values. This is because
> historically only the macrolanguage subtag 'zh' was available for forming
> language tags. However, the languages encompassed by the Chinese subtag are,
> in the main, not mutually intelligible when spoken. Written forms of these
> languages also show wide variation in form and usage and many of these
> languages are written in various contexts.</t>
>
> <t>Rather than require all Chinese content to be retagged, this document
> provides a special compatibility mechanism: the extended language subtag.
> Chinese languages encompassed by the 'zh' subtag are in the registry as both
> primary language subtags and as extended language subtags. For example, the
> subtag for Cantonese is 'yue'. Content in Cantonese might historically have
> used a tag such as "zh-HK" (since Cantonese is spoken commonly in Hong
> Kong), although that tag actually means any type of Chinese as used in Hong
> Kong. With the availability of ISO 639-3 codes in the registry, content in
> Cantonese SHOULD use a tag containing the 'yue' subtag. For example, a
> document written in the Traditional script might use a tag such as
> "yue-Hant" or "zh-yue-Hant-HK".</t>


Add "Arabic and Sign Languages are treated similarly."

>
>
> <t>Applications MAY use the macrolanguage subtag to form the tag instead of
> using the more specific encompassed language subtag. For example, an
> application with large quantities of textual data already using tags with
> the 'zh' (Chinese) subtag might continue to use this more general subtag
> even for new data, even though the content could be more precisely be tagged
> with 'cmn' (Mandarin).


I'm ok with Debbie's addition of "or 'yue' (Cantonese)"

> Similarly, an application already using tags that start with the 'ar'
> (Arabic) subtag might continue to use this more general subtag even for new
> data, which could be more precisely be tagged with 'arb' (Standard
> Arabic).</t></section>


I'm ok with Debbie's addition
of "or any other subtag encompassed by the 'ar'
Macrolanguage."

>
> --
>
> Addison
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>



-- 
Mark

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That text looks like it represents what I think is the emerging rough consensus, and I agree that we should work on the text rather than at a theoretical level.<div><br></div><div>I have a few minor points below.<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">
On Thu, Jun 5, 2008 at 12:38 PM, Phillips, Addison &lt;<a href="mailto:addison@amazon.com">addison@amazon.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div class="Ih2E3d">&gt;<br>
&gt; I agree that zh-cmn or cmn SHOULD be used. zh will remain valid and<br>
&gt; includes both Mandarin and Cantonese, so MUST is too strong.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; I think this is the last of the disagreement. Mark Davis believes<br>
&gt; &quot;zh&quot; SHOULD be used. Could we straw poll that?<br>
&gt;<br>
<br>
</div>SHOULD be used for what? From what I&#39;ve read Mark Davis believes that he MAY use &#39;zh&#39; to mean Mandarin.</blockquote><div><br></div><div>Yes.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<br>
<br>
We already have a &quot;rough consensus&quot;: let&#39;s work on text instead. Here is what I have revised the draft-15 text to say on the matter:<br>
<br>
--<br>
&lt;section title=&quot;Using Extended Language Subtags&quot; anchor=&quot;choiceUsingExtlang&quot;&gt;<br>
<br>
&lt;t&gt;The Chinese (&#39;zh&#39;) and Arabic (&#39;ar&#39;) languages and the various sign languages (&#39;sgn&#39;) have a long tradition of using specific primary language subtags, possibly coupled with various region subtags or as part of a registered grandfathered tag, to indicate the language. With the adoption of this document, specific ISO 639-3 assigned subtags became available to identify languages within these diverse language families or groupings. Other than the sign languages, which share a mode of communication rather than any linguistic heritage, this relationship is provided for in ISO 639-3 via a &quot;macrolanguage&quot; mapping. Other languages are encompassed by a macrolanguage and guidance on tagging these languages is provided below.</blockquote>
<div>&nbsp;</div><div>=&gt; For most languages encompassed by a macrolanguage, guidance ...</div><div>&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">For Arabic and Chinese, however, compatibility with existing tagging practices uses the extended language tag feature to allow tags consistent with user expectations in these language communities.&lt;/t&gt;</blockquote>
<div>&nbsp;Did you mean to include sgn here also?&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><br>
<br>
&lt;t&gt;Chinese (&#39;zh&#39;) provides a useful illustration of this. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Many different kinds of content have used tags beginning with the &#39;zh&#39; subtag, with application specific meaning being associated with region codes, private-use sequences, or grandfathered registered values. This is because historically only the macrolanguage subtag &#39;zh&#39; was available for forming language tags. However, the languages encompassed by the Chinese subtag are, in the main, not mutually intelligible when spoken. Written forms of these languages also show wide variation in form and usage and many of these languages are written in various contexts.&lt;/t&gt;<br>

<br>
&lt;t&gt;Rather than require all Chinese content to be retagged, this document provides a special compatibility mechanism: the extended language subtag. Chinese languages encompassed by the &#39;zh&#39; subtag are in the registry as both primary language subtags and as extended language subtags. For example, the subtag for Cantonese is &#39;yue&#39;. Content in Cantonese might historically have used a tag such as &quot;zh-HK&quot; (since Cantonese is spoken commonly in Hong Kong), although that tag actually means any type of Chinese as used in Hong Kong. With the availability of ISO 639-3 codes in the registry, content in Cantonese SHOULD use a tag containing the &#39;yue&#39; subtag. For example, a document written in the Traditional script might use a tag such as &quot;yue-Hant&quot; or &quot;zh-yue-Hant-HK&quot;.&lt;/t&gt;</blockquote>
<div><br></div><div>Add &quot;Arabic and Sign Languages are treated similarly.&quot;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><br>
<br>
&lt;t&gt;Applications MAY use the macrolanguage subtag to form the tag instead of using the more specific encompassed language subtag. For example, an application with large quantities of textual data already using tags with the &#39;zh&#39; (Chinese) subtag might continue to use this more general subtag even for new data, even though the content could be more precisely be tagged with &#39;cmn&#39; (Mandarin).</blockquote>
<div>&nbsp;</div><div>I&#39;m ok with Debbie&#39;s addition of &quot;or &#39;yue&#39; (Cantonese)&quot;&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">Similarly, an application already using tags that start with the &#39;ar&#39; (Arabic) subtag might continue to use this more general subtag even for new data, which could be more precisely be tagged with &#39;arb&#39; (Standard Arabic).&lt;/t&gt;&lt;/section&gt;</blockquote>
<div>&nbsp;</div><div>I&#39;m ok with Debbie&#39;s addition of&nbsp;&quot;or&nbsp;any&nbsp;other&nbsp;subtag&nbsp;encompassed&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;&#39;ar&#39;<br>Macrolanguage.&quot;&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">

<br>
--<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
Addison<br>
</font><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">_______________________________________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Mark
</div>

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From: "Broome, Karen" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>
To: Leif Halvard Silli <lhs@malform.no>
Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 15:38:48 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Leif writes:

>I would like these guidelines, for when to avoid and when to
>recommend the macrolanguage tag, to go in:
>
><t>When using a macrolanguage subtag to form the tag for an
>encompassed language, one should be reluctant to translate its
>meaning - in a user interface or similar - to the spesific name.

I don't think we want to get into specifying user interface names. We are specifying codes for the representation of languages, not names.

>For example, if one wants to label Mandarin as "Chinese", then
>'zh' is fine. But if one wants to label Mandarin as "Mandarin",
>then 'zh' is not appropriate for this. Using 'zh' while displaying
>it as "Mandarin" could lead to compatibility problems and
>confusion amongst consumers and endusers.</t>

Label specification is out of scope.

><t>Interfaces for choosing between two (or more) encompassed
>languages of the same macrolanguage do wise in considering the
>needs for neutrality and clearness before letting one of the
>encompassed languages being distinguished from the others by the
>use of the macrolanguage tag. For instance, look out for
>macrolanguages whose name equals that of a nationality.</t>

Not sure this clarifies anything and also seems out of scope.

><t>However, the macrolanguage tags might still be suitable even in
>a contexts with several encompassed languages. For example, if a
>system is localized for each and everyone of the encompassed
>langauges of a particular macrolangauge -- for example each of the
>13 encompassed Chinese languages -- the macrolangauge tag might be
>reserved for resources which for some reason are not intended for
>translation, but which still are intended for the users of all the
>encompassed languages.</t>

Agree in principle, but not sure this really helpful.

><t>Or, in a strictly monlinguaal, encompassed language system, for
>example for Mandarin, the 'zh' tag could be reserved -- or open --
>for content which is not Mandarin, in order to allow coexistens of
>Chinese resourceses which are not Mandarine and wihtout tagging
>them as Mandarin.</t>

Don't think this is good advice.

Karen


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From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
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Agreed.

On Thu, Jun 5, 2008 at 1:17 PM, Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
wrote:

> > From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> > Randy Presuhn
>
>
> > > Hold on. For Standard Arabic, the "proper" tag is "arb". But for
> > > Standard German, what could be used instead of "de" if we change "de"
> > > to mean "Any sort of German"?
> >
> > An appropriately registered subtag following de, if someone has a need
> > to make the distinction.  (I don't see it as a change at all.  Perhaps
> > it's
> > because I used to teach German, but for me "Standard German" is a
> > narrowly defined and somewhat artificial beast, not to be confused
> > with the welter of mutually intelligible varieties of German (i.e.,
> > 'de') spoken all over the world.)
>
> For which, variant subtags sound just right.
>
>
>
> Peter
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>



-- 
Mark

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Agreed.<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Jun 5, 2008 at 1:17 PM, Peter Constable &lt;<a href="mailto:petercon@microsoft.com">petercon@microsoft.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
&gt; From: <a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On Behalf Of<br>
&gt; Randy Presuhn<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
&gt; &gt; Hold on. For Standard Arabic, the &quot;proper&quot; tag is &quot;arb&quot;. But for<br>
&gt; &gt; Standard German, what could be used instead of &quot;de&quot; if we change &quot;de&quot;<br>
&gt; &gt; to mean &quot;Any sort of German&quot;?<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; An appropriately registered subtag following de, if someone has a need<br>
&gt; to make the distinction. &nbsp;(I don&#39;t see it as a change at all. &nbsp;Perhaps<br>
&gt; it&#39;s<br>
&gt; because I used to teach German, but for me &quot;Standard German&quot; is a<br>
&gt; narrowly defined and somewhat artificial beast, not to be confused<br>
&gt; with the welter of mutually intelligible varieties of German (i.e.,<br>
&gt; &#39;de&#39;) spoken all over the world.)<br>
<br>
</div>For which, variant subtags sound just right.<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
<br>
<br>
Peter<br>
</font><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">_______________________________________________<br>
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</div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Mark

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Minor note, for the "even though the content could be more precisely be tagged with 'cmn' (Mandarin)." Could it also say Cantonese, "even though the content could be more precisely be tagged with 'cmn' (Mandarin) or 'yue' (Cantonese)"

- Shawn

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Phillips, Addison
Sent: Thursday, June 05, 2008 12:38 PM
To: Broome, Karen; Peter Constable
Cc: ltru@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin

>
> I agree that zh-cmn or cmn SHOULD be used. zh will remain valid and
> includes both Mandarin and Cantonese, so MUST is too strong.
>
> I think this is the last of the disagreement. Mark Davis believes
> "zh" SHOULD be used. Could we straw poll that?
>

SHOULD be used for what? From what I've read Mark Davis believes that he MAY use 'zh' to mean Mandarin.

We already have a "rough consensus": let's work on text instead. Here is what I have revised the draft-15 text to say on the matter:

--
<section title="Using Extended Language Subtags" anchor="choiceUsingExtlang">

<t>The Chinese ('zh') and Arabic ('ar') languages and the various sign languages ('sgn') have a long tradition of using specific primary language subtags, possibly coupled with various region subtags or as part of a registered grandfathered tag, to indicate the language. With the adoption of this document, specific ISO 639-3 assigned subtags became available to identify languages within these diverse language families or groupings. Other than the sign languages, which share a mode of communication rather than any linguistic heritage, this relationship is provided for in ISO 639-3 via a "macrolanguage" mapping. Other languages are encompassed by a macrolanguage and guidance on tagging these languages is provided below. For Arabic and Chinese, however, compatibility with existing tagging practices uses the extended language tag feature to allow tags consistent with user expectations in these language communities.</t>

<t>Chinese ('zh') provides a useful illustration of this.       Many different kinds of content have used tags beginning with the 'zh' subtag, with application specific meaning being associated with region codes, private-use sequences, or grandfathered registered values. This is because historically only the macrolanguage subtag 'zh' was available for forming language tags. However, the languages encompassed by the Chinese subtag are, in the main, not mutually intelligible when spoken. Written forms of these languages also show wide variation in form and usage and many of these languages are written in various contexts.</t>

<t>Rather than require all Chinese content to be retagged, this document provides a special compatibility mechanism: the extended language subtag. Chinese languages encompassed by the 'zh' subtag are in the registry as both primary language subtags and as extended language subtags. For example, the subtag for Cantonese is 'yue'. Content in Cantonese might historically have used a tag such as "zh-HK" (since Cantonese is spoken commonly in Hong Kong), although that tag actually means any type of Chinese as used in Hong Kong. With the availability of ISO 639-3 codes in the registry, content in Cantonese SHOULD use a tag containing the 'yue' subtag. For example, a document written in the Traditional script might use a tag such as "yue-Hant" or "zh-yue-Hant-HK".</t>

<t>Applications MAY use the macrolanguage subtag to form the tag instead of using the more specific encompassed language subtag. For example, an application with large quantities of textual data already using tags with the 'zh' (Chinese) subtag might continue to use this more general subtag even for new data, even though the content could be more precisely be tagged with 'cmn' (Mandarin). Similarly, an application already using tags that start with the 'ar' (Arabic) subtag might continue to use this more general subtag even for new data, which could be more precisely be tagged with 'arb' (Standard Arabic).</t></section>

--

Addison
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From: Shawn Steele <Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com>
To: "debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>, 'Mark Davis'
	<mark.davis@icu-project.org>
Importance: low
Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 15:44:33 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I think I must=A1=AFve been confusing, I meant zh !=3D Manda=
rin as in =A1=B0zh
is NOT equal to Mandarin=A1=B1, which is what it sounds like you said </spa=
n><span
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#1F497D'>J</span><spa=
n
style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'=
><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>It sounds like we mostly agree on Addison=A1=AFs latest text=
.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>- Shawn<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

<div>

<div style=3D'border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in'>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><b><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma=
","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Debbie Garsid=
e
[mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, June 05, 2008 2:55 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Shawn Steele; 'Mark Davis'<br>
<b>Cc:</b> 'LTRU Working Group'<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif";
color:blue'>I have said this probably too many times now but here goes agai=
n...</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>'zh'
is chinese, any sort of chinese, perhaps chinese that at the time of taggin=
g
was not known to be any particular variety.&nbsp; 'zh' ! Mandarin and 'zh' =
!
Cantonese etc.&nbsp; 'zh' !=3D Mandarin is absolutely not correct!</span><o=
:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>As
stated before, whilst we are all now perfectly aware that the&nbsp;'dominan=
t'
language within data tagged as 'zh' is Mandarin, we should in no way encour=
age
people to continue using 'zh' for either Mandarin or Cantonese or anything =
else
other than Chinese unknown/unstated variety.&nbsp; It is my opinion that we
should clearly state that zh-cmn, or cmn if that is&nbsp;the way the WG dec=
ide
to go,&nbsp;MUST be used for all future tagging and that 'zh' will continue=
 to
be treated as Chinese all/any varieties.&nbsp; If you wish to have an indic=
ator
in the file that clearly shows that a particular extlang is considered domi=
nant
within the Macrolanguage it is quite easy to do.</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>I
feel we are going around in circles here.&nbsp; We have had a straw poll an=
d
yet we seem to still be going down the same route over and over again. 'zh'
does not and should not and must not mean Mandarin!</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>best
regards</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","s=
ans-serif"'>Debbie</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<blockquote style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0=
in 0in 4.0pt;
margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt'>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'>

<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> ltru-bounces@ietf.org
[mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Shawn Steele<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 05 June 2008 09:12<br>
<b>To:</b> Mark Davis<br>
<b>Cc:</b> LTRU Working Group<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin</span><o:p></o:p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","=
sans-serif";
color:black'>And to be clear and address Karen's concern, its also OK for
people to continue to use zh for Cantonese?</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","=
sans-serif"'>-
Shawn</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div id=3DdivRpF216509>

<div class=3DMsoNormal align=3Dcenter style=3D'text-align:center'>

<hr size=3D2 width=3D"100%" align=3Dcenter>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> mark.edward.davis@gmail.com
[mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] On Behalf Of Mark Davis
[mark.davis@icu-project.org]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, June 04, 2008 6:22 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Shawn Steele<br>
<b>Cc:</b> LTRU Working Group<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin</span><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>I agree with what you say. I don't think anyone object=
s to
zh !=3D Mandarin, given the choices that 639-3 has made. Nor that it is val=
id to
tag Mandarin content with 'zh'; it is, after all, Chinese.&nbsp;What we wor=
ked
out before (and this is orthogonal to extlang vs nextlang) is to say that i=
t is
recommended to use zh-cmn, but that for backwards compatibility people may
choose to continue to use zh for Mandarin. <o:p></o:p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>(More useful advice would be that because of backwards
compatibility people should expect that into the indefinite future,
&quot;zh&quot; will predominate, and should keep that in mind as in using t=
hese
codes either for tagging content or matching content. However, we can live =
with
having impractical advice in the spec as long as it is clear that people ar=
en't
forced to follow it for compliance.)<o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>Just for information, we reran some analysis and in te=
rms of
web pages, the number of pages tagged zh-cmn* is approximately 1/250000<spa=
n
style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>&nbsp;of the number of pages
tagged with zh*. This is way down in the noise level: zh-cmn even occurs fa=
r,
far less often than suspect, irregular or bogus tags like:</span> <o:p></o:=
p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

</div>

<div>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh_=
tw<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh_=
cn<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>ch<=
o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
hk<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
classical<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
tw-tw<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>gbk=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
en<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zhs=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
cn-cn<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zht=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh_=
hk<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zho=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
ch<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
cn-utf-8<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh_=
ch<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zht=
-tw<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zht=
w<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>zh-=
tw;
xmlns<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-size:9.0pt'>=BC=F2=CC=E5=D6=D0=CE=C4</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-size:9.0pt'>=D3=A2=CE=C4</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:
9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>...=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><=
o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

</div>

</div>

<div>

<div>

<div>

<div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>(=
there
are even more frequent completely bogus tags; I filtered these to ones that=
 had
something to do with Chinese).<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'><=
o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>M=
ark<o:p></o:p></span></p>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>

<div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 10:17 PM, Shawn Steele &lt;<a
href=3D"mailto:Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com">Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com</a>&g=
t;
wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal>I think that lots of people feel that zh !=3D Mandarin=
 and
that this should be clear. &nbsp;I don't think anyone objects to that?<br>
<br>
I also believe that there's a general consensus that some applications may =
want
to match/filter zh when looking for Mandarin (or Cantonese), and that this
isn't &quot;best practice&quot;, but MAY be useful to some applications bec=
ause
of the historical use of zh.<br>
<br>
Is there any disagreement with this? &nbsp;There's been a lot of discussion=
 on
this topic, and that seems to be most of Karen's concern with any form of
&quot;zh&quot;. &nbsp;I *think* we're all saying basically the same thing.
&nbsp;Does anyone object to being clear that zh !=3D Mandarin?<br>
<br>
- Shawn<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><br>
<br clear=3Dall>
<br>
-- <br>
Mark <o:p></o:p></p>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</blockquote>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun  5 15:46:46 2008
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Cc: "'Broome, Karen'" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>, ltru@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Debbie Garside 2008-06-05 21.54:

> Addison wrote:
> 
>> <t>Applications MAY use the macrolanguage subtag to form the
>> tag instead of using the more specific encompassed language
>> subtag. For example, an application with large quantities of
>> textual data already using tags with the 'zh' (Chinese)
>> subtag might continue to use this more general subtag even


Instead of "might continue etc" I propose "is not forbidden from 
continuing to use".

When you first say that it "MAY", and then you say "might", then 
the "might" sounds much more inviting than the "MAY" does. (It is 
almost like a "feel free to".) Whereas "is not forbidden" sounds 
more like "if there is a good reason for it", while at the same 
time stating that there is nothing wrong with it.

>> for new data, even though the content could be more precisely
>> be tagged with 'cmn' (Mandarin). Similarly, an application
>> already using tags that start with the 'ar' (Arabic) subtag
>> might continue to use this more general subtag even for new
>> data, which could be more precisely be tagged with 'arb'
>> (Standard Arabic).</t></section>
> 
> I would suggest the following changes:
> 
>  <t>Applications MAY use the macrolanguage subtag to form the
>  tag instead of using the more specific encompassed language
>  subtag. For example, an application with large quantities of
>  textual data already using tags with the 'zh' (Chinese)
>  subtag might continue to use this more general subtag even
>  for new data, even though the content could be more precisely
>  be tagged with 'cmn' (Mandarin) or 'yue' (Cantonese). Similarly, an
> application
>  already using tags that start with the 'ar' (Arabic) subtag
>  might continue to use this more general subtag even for new
>  data, which could be more precisely tagged with 'arb'
>  (Standard Arabic) or any other subtag encompassed by the 'ar'
> Macrolanguage.</t></section

-- 
leif halvard silli
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To: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>, Peter Constable
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Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 15:54:01 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Could you summarize what the rough consensus is? I am not so sure we have this. We had one vote, but I don't think it answered all the questions below. As far as I can tell, Mark and I disagree on this point:

Though Mark MAY choose to categorize his new works as "zh", I believe the draft should advise him that he SHOULD NOT do so.

If we say yue is just as good as zh-yue, throw out the shortest tag rule and the idea that there are preferred tags for any given subtag. If there any synonymous preferred subtags, it means ISO 639-6 will be a significantly better solution for me.

Karen

>-----Original Message-----
>From: Phillips, Addison [mailto:addison@amazon.com]


>We already have a "rough consensus": let's work on text instead.
>Here is what I have revised the draft-15 text to say on the matter:
>
>--
><section title="Using Extended Language Subtags"
>anchor="choiceUsingExtlang">
>
><t>The Chinese ('zh') and Arabic ('ar') languages and the various
>sign languages ('sgn') have a long tradition of using specific
>primary language subtags, possibly coupled with various region
>subtags or as part of a registered grandfathered tag, to indicate
>the language. With the adoption of this document, specific ISO 639-3
>assigned subtags became available to identify languages within these
>diverse language families or groupings. Other than the sign
>languages, which share a mode of communication rather than any
>linguistic heritage, this relationship is provided for in ISO 639-3
>via a "macrolanguage" mapping. Other languages are encompassed by a
>macrolanguage and guidance on tagging these languages is provided
>below. For Arabic and Chinese, however, compatibility with existing
>tagging practices uses the extended language tag feature to allow
>tags consistent with user expectations in these language
>communities.</t>
>
><t>Chinese ('zh') provides a useful illustration of this.       Many
>different kinds of content have used tags beginning with the 'zh'
>subtag, with application specific meaning being associated with
>region codes, private-use sequences, or grandfathered registered
>values. This is because historically only the macrolanguage subtag
>'zh' was available for forming language tags. However, the languages
>encompassed by the Chinese subtag are, in the main, not mutually
>intelligible when spoken. Written forms of these languages also show
>wide variation in form and usage and many of these languages are
>written in various contexts.</t>
>
><t>Rather than require all Chinese content to be retagged, this
>document provides a special compatibility mechanism: the extended
>language subtag. Chinese languages encompassed by the 'zh' subtag
>are in the registry as both primary language subtags and as extended
>language subtags. For example, the subtag for Cantonese is 'yue'.
>Content in Cantonese might historically have used a tag such as "zh-
>HK" (since Cantonese is spoken commonly in Hong Kong), although that
>tag actually means any type of Chinese as used in Hong Kong. With
>the availability of ISO 639-3 codes in the registry, content in
>Cantonese SHOULD use a tag containing the 'yue' subtag. For example,
>a document written in the Traditional script might use a tag such as
>"yue-Hant" or "zh-yue-Hant-HK".</t>
>
><t>Applications MAY use the macrolanguage subtag to form the tag
>instead of using the more specific encompassed language subtag. For
>example, an application with large quantities of textual data
>already using tags with the 'zh' (Chinese) subtag might continue to
>use this more general subtag even for new data, even though the
>content could be more precisely be tagged with 'cmn' (Mandarin).
>Similarly, an application already using tags that start with the
>'ar' (Arabic) subtag might continue to use this more general subtag
>even for new data, which could be more precisely be tagged with
>'arb' (Standard Arabic).</t></section>
>
>--
>
>Addison
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Leif,

zh is not equal to Mandarin. It is equal to "Chinese" which includes Mandarin, Cantonese, and other languages. zh may be used to tag Mandarin, but that doesn't make it synonymous or equal.

Karen

>-----Original Message-----
>From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
>Of Leif Halvard Silli
>Sent: Thursday, June 05, 2008 3:57 PM
>To: Shawn Steele
>Cc: 'LTRU Working Group'
>Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
>
>Shawn Steele 2008-06-06 00.44:
>
>> I think I must've been confusing, I meant zh != Mandarin as in
>> "zh is NOT equal to Mandarin", which is what it sounds like you
>> said :)
>
>I guess zh is equal to Mandarin. But that it is also equal to
>Cantonese. And also equal to both.
>--
>lh
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>
> Could you summarize what the rough consensus is? I am not so sure
> we have this. We had one vote, but I don't think it answered all
> the questions below. As far as I can tell, Mark and I disagree on
> this point:

- extlangs: yes, but for 'zh', 'ar', and 'sgn' only
- encompassed languages (i.e. cmn, yue, etc.) are both primary and extlangs
- zh: allowed
- cmn/zh-cmn: recommended

>
> Though Mark MAY choose to categorize his new works as "zh", I
> believe the draft should advise him that he SHOULD NOT do so.

Right this second the specific wording the draft is:

--
The macrolanguage subtag MAY still be used to form the tag instead of the more specific encompassed language subtag. However, the encompassed subtag SHOULD be used to form the language tag.
--

I think this is RFC 2119 equivalent to saying SHOULD NOT. (MAY is more permissive than SHOULD NOT, but SHOULD for the encompassed subtag means "MUST unless you have a Good Reason otherwise", aka "SHOULD NOT").

>
> If we say yue is just as good as zh-yue, throw out the shortest tag
> rule and the idea that there are preferred tags for any given
> subtag.

The "shortest tag" rule is not quite what I think you think it is. The best way to state it would always be: "use as short a tag as possible, but no shorter". In any case, (puts on editor's hat) please suggest textual modifications; please also refer to the complete context rather than isolated items (removes hat again).

> If there any synonymous preferred subtags, it means ISO
> 639-6 will be a significantly better solution for me.

I don't know if ISO 639-6 is a better solution for you (or not). Mark's suggestion to allow both primary and extlang versions of the encompassed languages at the same time is (IMO) ugly, but seems to have support from others. My original suggestion was NOT to include the subtags in both forms. I'm open to either course

Addison

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 16:22:40 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Cc: "Broome, Karen" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun  5 17:04:40 2008
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Cc: 'LTRU Working Group' <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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The macrolangauge thing is that two or more languages identify 
themselves the same way (plus a few other things).

So, to split a hair, I consider Chinese a synonym for "All the 
(encompassed) Chinese languages". But I also consider it a synomym 
for Hakka alone. And Mandarin alone. And Cantonese alone. Each 
has a non-exclusive right to target itself with the word "Chinese".

Broome, Karen 2008-06-06 01.00:

> zh is not equal to Mandarin. It is equal to "Chinese" which
> includes Mandarin, Cantonese, and other languages. zh may be
> used to tag Mandarin, but that doesn't make it synonymous or
> equal.


>> Shawn Steele 2008-06-06 00.44:
>> 
>>> I think I must've been confusing, I meant zh != Mandarin as
>>> in "zh is NOT equal to Mandarin", which is what it sounds
>>> like you said :)
>> 
>> I guess zh is equal to Mandarin. But that it is also equal to
>>  Cantonese. And also equal to both. -- lh

-- 
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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You're describing a superset or set, not a synonym.

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Leif Halvard Silli
Sent: Thursday, June 05, 2008 5:05 PM
To: Broome, Karen
Cc: 'LTRU Working Group'
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin

The macrolangauge thing is that two or more languages identify
themselves the same way (plus a few other things).

So, to split a hair, I consider Chinese a synonym for "All the
(encompassed) Chinese languages". But I also consider it a synomym
for Hakka alone. And Mandarin alone. And Cantonese alone. Each
has a non-exclusive right to target itself with the word "Chinese".

Broome, Karen 2008-06-06 01.00:

> zh is not equal to Mandarin. It is equal to "Chinese" which
> includes Mandarin, Cantonese, and other languages. zh may be
> used to tag Mandarin, but that doesn't make it synonymous or
> equal.


>> Shawn Steele 2008-06-06 00.44:
>>
>>> I think I must've been confusing, I meant zh != Mandarin as
>>> in "zh is NOT equal to Mandarin", which is what it sounds
>>> like you said :)
>>
>> I guess zh is equal to Mandarin. But that it is also equal to
>>  Cantonese. And also equal to both. -- lh

--
leif halvard silli
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Perhaps a langauge collection can be described with set theory 
alone. But I don't think a macrolanguage situation can.

Leif

Shawn Steele 2008-06-06 02.06:

> You're describing a superset or set, not a synonym.
> 
> -----Original Message  From:   Leif Halvard Silli


> The macrolangauge thing is that two or more languages identify
> themselves the same way (plus a few other things).
> 
> So, to split a hair, I consider Chinese a synonym for "All the
> (encompassed) Chinese languages". But I also consider it a synomym
> for Hakka alone. And Mandarin alone. And Cantonese alone. Each
> has a non-exclusive right to target itself with the word "Chinese".
> 
> Broome, Karen 2008-06-06 01.00:
> 
>> zh is not equal to Mandarin. It is equal to "Chinese" which
>> includes Mandarin, Cantonese, and other languages. zh may be
>> used to tag Mandarin, but that doesn't make it synonymous or
>> equal.
> 
>>> Shawn Steele 2008-06-06 00.44:
>>>
>>>> I think I must've been confusing, I meant zh != Mandarin as
>>>> in "zh is NOT equal to Mandarin", which is what it sounds
>>>> like you said :)
>>>
>>> I guess zh is equal to Mandarin. But that it is also equal to
>>>  Cantonese. And also equal to both. -- lh


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Phillips, Addison 2008-06-06 01.22:

> (editor had ON)
> =

> Rather than respond to all edit suggestions with lengthy
> exchanges of a whole section, I have done a new edit,
> incorporating many of the suggestions. To address Debbie=92s
> comments, I did modify the text extensively to move the
> normative text out of the Chinese example and to otherwise
> clarify that we also mean Mandarin and other languages.
> =

> Note that I moved the =93encompassed languages=94 section above the
> =93extlangs=94 section. This is a more natural flow, since the
> extlangs currently are an exception to the encompassed
> languages rule.
> =

> The documents are on inter-locale. Please send comments to the
> list.


For the below quote from section 4.1.1, add the word "tag" after =

the word "macrolanguage" (two places) and also move the comma =

after ('wuu') in place.

Currently

  	=ABFor example, Romanian ('ro') and Moldavian ('mo') do not share =

a macrolanguage, [...]  more closely related to each other than =

Cantonese ('yue') and Wu ('wuu') , which do share a macrolanguage.=BB

Should be

  	=ABFor example, Romanian ('ro') and Moldavian ('mo') do not share =

a macrolanguage **tag**, [...]  more closely related to each other =

than Cantonese ('yue') and Wu ('wuu'), which do share a =

macrolanguage **tag**.=BB

-- =

leif halvard silli
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun  5 18:35:40 2008
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Leif Halvard Silli <lhs@malform.no>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 18:35:34 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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>
> For the below quote from section 4.1.1, add the word "tag" after
> the word "macrolanguage" (two places) and also move the comma
> after ('wuu') in place.


The word "tag" is wrong. What they do not share is a macrolanguage. The word "tag" is given a specific meaning, which does not apply in this case.

Addison
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun  5 19:04:05 2008
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 18:41:53 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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> From: Broome, Karen [mailto:Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com]

> If we say yue is just as good as zh-yue, throw out the shortest tag
> rule and the idea that there are preferred tags for any given subtag.
> If there any synonymous preferred subtags, it means ISO 639-6 will be a
> significantly better solution for me.

ISO 639-6 is not a better solution for you if it means you abandon working together here to form a consensus. You said in another message,

> If you tag your content as "zh" and I tag mine as "zh-cmn" because I
> need that specificity, the application that aggregates this content
> could have problems. Smart applications will need to handle both tags...

So, evidently interop between your applications and others' is a concern. There will be applications that will want to support A/V scenarios but that have a long history using legacy tags. Because they want to support A/V scenarios, those vendors will likely do work to "handle both tags" within a single system. If you decide to opt for a completely different system, that will only make it harder for them.


Let's all see what are reasonable compromises we can make to reach a consensus.



Peter
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun  5 19:06:18 2008
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Thu, 5 Jun 2008 18:49:31 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Leif Halvard Silli


> Currently
>
>         <For example, Romanian ('ro') and Moldavian ('mo') do not share
> a macrolanguage, [...]  more closely related to each other than
> Cantonese ('yue') and Wu ('wuu') , which do share a macrolanguage.>
>
> Should be
>
>         <For example, Romanian ('ro') and Moldavian ('mo') do not share
> a macrolanguage **tag**, [...]  more closely related to each other
> than Cantonese ('yue') and Wu ('wuu'), which do share a
> macrolanguage **tag**.>

If you want to get precise, the categories 'Romanian' and 'Moldavian' do not have in common that there is a single macrolanguage category encompassing both, whereas for the categories 'Cantonese' and 'Wu' there is a single macrolanguage category 'Chinese' that encompasses both.



Peter
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun  5 19:07:36 2008
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Subject: [Ltru] Section 2.2.2 exhaustive specification of possible prefixes
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Hi -

As a technical contributor...

Some comments on the June 5th version of
http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.txt

I think the current text in section 2.2.2 looks pretty good.
However, I'm a little concerned that we may be overspecifying
things slightly, and would suggest deleting two sentences:

   Only
   languages that have an ISO 639-3 "macrolanguage" mapping equivalent
   to 'zh' (Chinese) or 'ar' (Arabic) or which are identified as sign
   languages have extended language subtags defined.

   This prefix MUST be one of these subtags: 'zh', 'ar', or 'sgn'.

I am *not* suggesting that we add any other possible prefixes at this
time, but am wary of baking a limitation into the spec that might
somehow come back to bite us later.  The decision as to whether there
adequate "various historical reasons" to designate a prefix for future
extended language subtags is something that should, in my opinion, be
left to ietf-languages@iana.org and the Language Subtag Reviewer.

Randy

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Phillips, Addison 2008-06-06 03.35:

>> 
>> For the below quote from section 4.1.1, add the word "tag"
>> after the word "macrolanguage" (two places) and also move the
>> comma after ('wuu') in place.
> 
> 
> The word "tag" is wrong. What they do not share is a
> macrolanguage. The word "tag" is given a specific meaning,
> which does not apply in this case.


Do you know if they share a macrolanguage? You only know what is 
registered. Also, human beings may share the same language, 
perhaps, but it sounds strange to me that two languages share 
another language.

New proposal

	"For example, for Romanian ('ro') and Moldavian ('mo') no 
encompassing macrolanguage has been registered, though they are 
far more closely related to each other than Cantonese ('yue') and 
Wu ('wuu') of the Chinese macrolanguage.

-- 
lhs
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Subject: [Ltru] section 4.1.1. on Tagging Encompassed Languages
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Hi -

As a technical contributor...

Section 4.1.1 recommendation for using macrolanguage codes 
gives me heartburn, since it is phrased almost as an exception
to the "tag wisely" principle, even it it isn't really.

For example, consider this requirement:
   The more specific encompassed language subtag SHOULD be used to form
   the language tag, although either the macrolanguage's primary
   language subtag or the encompassed language's subtag MAY be used.
   This means, for example, tagging Plains Cree with 'crk' rather than
   'cre' (Cree); and so forth.

Whether the "SHOULD" would be followed (or not) is really no different
from the situation with zh-cmn or ar-arb.

But later in the section, there's one bit that I think is just plain wrong:
   The languages in the
   following table represent cases in which the macrolanguage subtag
   SHOULD be used in preference to the specified encompassed language
   subtag.

This introduces unnecessary ambiguity.  The decision whether the more or
the less precise tag is appropriate will depend on the application domain,
and we shouldn't be second-guessing here.  In the spirit of our recent
discussion, it seems that the cases listed in figure 7 are ones where
the original extlang concept fits well, perhaps arguably better than
in the case of Chinese.

If we permitted kok, kok-knn, ms, ms-zsm, sw, sw-swh, uz, and uz-uzn,
there'd be no need to treat these as exceptional cases at all, since
the choice of the more- or less-specific tag would be a natural
consequence of "tag wisely".

Randy

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Doug Ewell 2008-06-06 03.23:

> Leif Halvard Silli <lhs at malform dot no> wrote:
> 
>> When you first say that it "MAY", and then you say "might", then the 
>> "might" sounds much more inviting than the "MAY" does. (It is almost 
>> like a "feel free to".) Whereas "is not forbidden" sounds more like 
>> "if there is a good reason for it", while at the same time stating 
>> that there is nothing wrong with it.
> 
> Auxiliary verbs such as MAY, when used in RFCs, have a specific 
> normative meaning according to RFC 2119, especially when they are 
> capitalized to emphasize that the RFC 2119 meaning is intended instead 
> of the normal, fuzzy English meaning.  It's best not to try to 
> second-guess the meaning of a capitalized MAY in an Internet-Draft.

I know about RFC 2119. I stand by what I said about "is not 
forbidden" as I see the outcome of such a phrasing more inline 
with the meaning which MAY is used to convey here .
-- 
leif halvard silli
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Broome, Karen 2008-06-06 00.38:

> Leif writes:
>> I would like these guidelines, for when to avoid and when to =

>> recommend the macrolanguage tag, to go in:
>> =

>> <t>When using a macrolanguage subtag to form the tag for an =

>> encompassed language, one should be reluctant to translate
>> its meaning - in a user interface or similar - to the
>> spesific name.
> =

> I don't think we want to get into specifying user interface
> names. We are specifying codes for the representation of
> languages, not names.

Should we be able to trust the tagging - or not?

Users and developers expect that when a certain tag is used, then =

a name which conveys the same meaning is also used. Or else, we =

cannot trust the tagging.

I thought you wanted to avoid zh =3D=3D Mandarin.

In Mac OS X 10.4 they showed naked tags in the interface. In 10.5 =

they translate the tags into names. Including the issue that 'no' =

is being dispalyed as 'Bokm=E5l'. Oh, bad. Suddently the names are =

none of our business anymore, you say?

I don't buy that. One should tag in accordance with one one wants =

to say. One should not twist the meaning of the tags.

>> For example, if one wants to label Mandarin as "Chinese",
>> then 'zh' is fine. But if one wants to label Mandarin as
>> "Mandarin", then 'zh' is not appropriate for this. Using 'zh'
>> while displaying it as "Mandarin" could lead to compatibility
>> problems and confusion amongst consumers and endusers.</t>
> =

> Label specification is out of scope.

The word "label" was chosen to avoid repeating 'tag' over and =

over. I guess this is why the RFC also uses 'label/labeling' =

alltogeter 10 times.

>> <t>Interfaces for choosing between two (or more) encompassed =

>> languages of the same macrolanguage do wise in considering
>> the needs for neutrality and clearness before letting one of
>> the encompassed languages being distinguished from the others
>> by the use of the macrolanguage tag. For instance, look out
>> for macrolanguages whose name equals that of a
>> nationality.</t>
> =

> Not sure this clarifies anything and also seems out of scope.

Why out of scope?

>> <t>However, the macrolanguage tags might still be suitable
>> even in a contexts with several encompassed languages. For
>> example, if a system is localized for each and everyone of
>> the encompassed langauges of a particular macrolangauge --
>> for example each of the 13 encompassed Chinese languages --
>> the macrolangauge tag might be reserved for resources which
>> for some reason are not intended for translation, but which
>> still are intended for the users of all the encompassed
>> languages.</t>
> =

> Agree in principle, but not sure this really helpful.

This relates directly to the label thing I mentioed above. If =

Apple had followed these rules, it would have really been helpful =

for Norwegian.

>> <t>Or, in a strictly monlinguaal, encompassed language
>> system, for example for Mandarin, the 'zh' tag could be
>> reserved -- or open -- for content which is not Mandarin, in
>> order to allow coexistens of Chinese resourceses which are
>> not Mandarine and wihtout tagging them as Mandarin.</t>
> =

> Don't think this is good advice.


Ok. Perhaps not.
-- =

leif halvard silli
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Broome, Karen


> >I would like these guidelines, for when to avoid and when to
> >recommend the macrolanguage tag, to go in:
> >
> ><t>When using a macrolanguage subtag to form the tag for an
> >encompassed language, one should be reluctant to translate its
> >meaning - in a user interface or similar - to the spesific name.
>
> I don't think we want to get into specifying user interface names. We
> are specifying codes for the representation of languages, not names.

I agree with Karen. We should try to impose limitations on implementers in terms of how they relate user-interface to underlying representations. If they want to do something bad, let their users and product-support team correct them.



Peter
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> > I am *not* suggesting that we add any other possible prefixes at this
> > time, but am wary of baking a limitation into the spec that might
> > somehow come back to bite us later.  The decision as to whether there
> > adequate "various historical reasons" to designate a prefix for
> future
> > extended language subtags is something that should, in my opinion, be
> > left to ietf-languages@iana.org and the Language Subtag Reviewer.
>
> I think Randy has a good point here.

+1



Peter
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 ofpossible	prefixes
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[technical hat on]

I'm not agreeing or disagreeing, but just want to think things through:

Would this e.g. mean that if we finished 4646bis before there was some
actual action on the Estonian/Vo"ro situation, and that situation would
be solved by the RAs by moving 'et' to macrolanguage, then it would be
up to ietf-languages to decide whether to use extlang or not in this case?

In general, I'd all be for such flexibility, but I'm a bit worried that
it a) would allow the RA to use macrolanguages in the abstract, without
knowing what the impact on the actual coding would be (which might have
them use macrolanguages more than necessary) and b) might lead to a
repetition of the extlang/nextlang arguments on ietf-languages, without
much of a chance for conclusion, and without even the concept of
"rough" consensus.

Regards,    Martin.

At 13:34 08/06/06, Peter Constable wrote:
>> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>> Doug Ewell
>
>
>> > I am *not* suggesting that we add any other possible prefixes at this
>> > time, but am wary of baking a limitation into the spec that might
>> > somehow come back to bite us later.  The decision as to whether there
>> > adequate "various historical reasons" to designate a prefix for
>> future
>> > extended language subtags is something that should, in my opinion, be
>> > left to ietf-languages@iana.org and the Language Subtag Reviewer.
>>
>> I think Randy has a good point here.
>
>+1
>
>
>
>Peter
>_______________________________________________
>Ltru mailing list
>Ltru@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Thanks Peter.  Yes I can see that a MUST on this would be too strong.
=20
Best regards
=20
Debbie


  _____ =20

From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Peter Constable
Sent: 05 June 2008 21:45
To: 'LTRU Working Group'
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin



Debbie: you suggested we say that Mandarin content MUST be tagged zh-cmn =
(or
cmn). In terms of back compat, that really is a non-starter. Of course,
=A1=B0cmn=A1=B1 alone would obviously be so, but then you=A1=AFre not a =
proponent of
that. But even =A1=B0zh-cmn=A1=B1 will not be an option for some =
existing
implementations that simply have no way to accommodate that tag for any =
of a
variety of reasons (they don=A1=AFt recognize =A1=B0cmn=A1=B1, or they =
need to use
right-truncation in matching zh* and zh-Hant, etc.).

=20

Saying MUST in this case would almost certainly be a last-call blocker =
for
4646bis: I and I=A1=AFm sure others here would make every effort to =
block that.

=20

I don=A1=AFt think we=A1=AFre far from a consensus on reasonable =
recommendations
that could be made. Asking for this MUST is definitely moving away from =
any
consensus, IMO.

=20

=20

Peter

=20

From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Debbie Garside
Sent: Thursday, June 05, 2008 12:42 PM
To: 'Mark Davis'
Cc: 'LTRU Working Group'
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin

=20

Hi Mark

=20

I would like to understand the problem but first I need to see it... be
patient with me.  See inline comments...

=20

>> A standard is not a magic wand. If we cause significant backwards
compatibility problems for implementations, the standard will simply be
ignored or worse yet, we'll get splintering. An example of such a failed
standard is XML 1.1, a story that many of us are familiar with. Even =
though
the standard was almost completely backwards compatible, because it was =
not
100% backwards compatible, it failed utterly and completely.

=20

I am not sure how my position wrt 'zh' causes any backward compatibility
problems for implementations.

=20

>> I don't think you realize the scale of the problems that can be =
caused by
backwards incompatibilities. In a moderately sized organization with =
large
amounts of code and data, to make a change from zh to zh-cmn (or cmn) =
could
cost many millions of dollars. The truely complicated part is =
coordinating
among many internal products plus thousands of vendors and API users so =
that
there are not breakages. You appear to have no conception of how =
complicated
this can be. And for a large organization, this is compounded many =
times.

=20

I am sure that there are many documents that are coded 'zh' that are
Mandarin but I am not saying that you or anyone else should go through =
all
your documents and re-tag them.  What I am saying is that prior to the
publication of RFC4646bis 'zh' was used to mean Chinese which included
Mandarin and Cantonese. The dominant language encoded with 'zh' is  =
Mandarin
so future matching scenarios would benefit from some sort of tag (as I
suggested many moons ago) that would identify Mandarin as being the =
dominant
language within the 'zh' Macrolanguage.  Henceforth all documents should =
be
encoded with 'zh-cmn'/'cmn'.  I don't see the problem.  Are you saying =
that
some organizations have tagged *ONLY* Mandarin with 'zh' and they have
created their own tags for Cantonese etc. or not bothered to tag =
Cantonese
etc. at all?  Historical implementations are not broken by this method =
as I
am not suggesting deprecating 'zh' and future implementations will =
benefit
from precision tagging IMHO.=20


>> Now, you may have no sympathy for such organizations, but consider =
that
if a company is faced with the choice of, say, spending - with *no*
particular benefit to customers - large amounts of money for converting =
"zh"
to "zh-cmn", versus spending that same amount of money to support more
minority languages, what decision do you think people should make?

=20

As a business woman with a quarter of a century of experience behind me =
in
what standards cost in real terms (however big or small the company), I =
will
have every sympathy if you can give me a true to life *actual*/*factual*
scenario where this is going to cost millions.    As far as I can see
companies/organizations can continue to use 'zh' as they do today but, =
in
addition, gradually they will see the use of 'zh-cmn' or 'cmn' =
introduced
with new applications and implementations.  As
ICT's/applications/protocols/implementations are ever changing and =
software
is often outofdate the minute it hits the streets I cannot see that this =
is
going to cause a problem for long.  Basically (I feel) you are arguing =
for
'zh' to mean Mandarin by the back door ('zh'!=3DMandarin). I am opposed =
to
this.  I say again, I am not opposed to saying that the 'dominant' =
language
within 'zh' is Mandarin.=20

=20

>> If we in RFC 4646bis were to say that one MUST tag Mandarin with =
zh-cmn
(or cmn), that would be a massive backwards incompatible change from RFC
4646, inconsistent with the principle of never narrowing, and also
inconsistent with ISO 639-1/2/3. Not to speak of the nonsensical =
position of
denying that Mandarin is Chinese.

=20

Poppycock!  But if you really feel so hot about it you can make it a =
SHOULD
or PREFERRED.

=20

> Not to speak of the nonsensical position of denying that Mandarin is
Chinese.

=20

Who said that?

=20

I am happy to be corrected.  If I could clearly see that a change from =
'zh'
to 'zh-cmn' or 'cmn' would cost industry millions I would be opposed to =
it
but I am not seeing that here (yet).  I am not hearing this from the
software developers in here.  Instead I am seeing users like Karen =
saying
(somewhat) the reverse.

=20

Debbie

=20

=20

=20

  _____ =20

From: mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] =
On
Behalf Of Mark Davis
Sent: 05 June 2008 18:48
To: debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk
Cc: Shawn Steele; LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin

> we should clearly state that zh-cmn, or cmn if that is the way the WG
decide to go,=20

> MUST be used for all future tagging [of Mandarin]...=20

=20

A bit more on this. (Karen, this one you can mark as a scree ;-)

=20

A standard is not a magic wand. If we cause significant backwards
compatibility problems for implementations, the standard will simply be
ignored or worse yet, we'll get splintering. An example of such a failed
standard is XML 1.1, a story that many of us are familiar with. Even =
though
the standard was almost completely backwards compatible, because it was =
not
100% backwards compatible, it failed utterly and completely.


I don't think you realize the scale of the problems that can be caused =
by
backwards incompatibilities. In a moderately sized organization with =
large
amounts of code and data, to make a change from zh to zh-cmn (or cmn) =
could
cost many millions of dollars. The truely complicated part is =
coordinating
among many internal products plus thousands of vendors and API users so =
that
there are not breakages. You appear to have no conception of how =
complicated
this can be. And for a large organization, this is compounded many =
times.

=20

Now, you may have no sympathy for such organizations, but consider that =
if a
company is faced with the choice of, say, spending - with *no* =
particular
benefit to customers - large amounts of money for converting "zh" to
"zh-cmn", versus spending that same amount of money to support more =
minority
languages, what decision do you think people should make?


If we in RFC 4646bis were to say that one MUST tag Mandarin with zh-cmn =
(or
cmn), that would be a massive backwards incompatible change from RFC =
4646,
inconsistent with the principle of never narrowing, and also =
inconsistent
with ISO 639-1/2/3. Not to speak of the nonsensical position of denying =
that
Mandarin is Chinese.

=20

Mark

=20

2008/6/5 Debbie Garside <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>:

I have said this probably too many times now but here goes again...

'zh' is chinese, any sort of chinese, perhaps chinese that at the time =
of
tagging was not known to be any particular variety.  'zh' ! Mandarin and
'zh' ! Cantonese etc.  'zh' !=3D Mandarin is absolutely not correct!

=20

As stated before, whilst we are all now perfectly aware that the =
'dominant'
language within data tagged as 'zh' is Mandarin, we should in no way
encourage people to continue using 'zh' for either Mandarin or Cantonese =
or
anything else other than Chinese unknown/unstated variety.  It is my =
opinion
that we should clearly state that zh-cmn, or cmn if that is the way the =
WG
decide to go, MUST be used for all future tagging and that 'zh' will
continue to be treated as Chinese all/any varieties.  If you wish to =
have an
indicator in the file that clearly shows that a particular extlang is
considered dominant within the Macrolanguage it is quite easy to do.

=20

I feel we are going around in circles here.  We have had a straw poll =
and
yet we seem to still be going down the same route over and over again. =
'zh'
does not and should not and must not mean Mandarin!

=20

best regards

=20

Debbie

=20

  _____ =20

From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Shawn Steele
Sent: 05 June 2008 09:12
To: Mark Davis=20


Cc: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin

=20

And to be clear and address Karen's concern, its also OK for people to
continue to use zh for Cantonese?

=20

- Shawn

  _____ =20

From: mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] On =
Behalf Of
Mark Davis [mark.davis@icu-project.org]
Sent: Wednesday, June 04, 2008 6:22 PM
To: Shawn Steele
Cc: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin

I agree with what you say. I don't think anyone objects to zh !=3D =
Mandarin,
given the choices that 639-3 has made. Nor that it is valid to tag =
Mandarin
content with 'zh'; it is, after all, Chinese. What we worked out before =
(and
this is orthogonal to extlang vs nextlang) is to say that it is =
recommended
to use zh-cmn, but that for backwards compatibility people may choose to
continue to use zh for Mandarin.=20

=20

(More useful advice would be that because of backwards compatibility =
people
should expect that into the indefinite future, "zh" will predominate, =
and
should keep that in mind as in using these codes either for tagging =
content
or matching content. However, we can live with having impractical advice =
in
the spec as long as it is clear that people aren't forced to follow it =
for
compliance.)

=20

Just for information, we reran some analysis and in terms of web pages, =
the
number of pages tagged zh-cmn* is approximately 1/250000 of the number =
of
pages tagged with zh*. This is way down in the noise level: zh-cmn even
occurs far, far less often than suspect, irregular or bogus tags like:=20

=20

zh_tw

zh_cn

ch

zh-hk

zh-classical

zh-tw-tw

gbk

zh-en

zhs

zh-cn-cn

zht

zh_hk

zho

zh-ch

zh-cn-utf-8

zh_ch

zht-tw

zhtw

zh-tw; xmlns

=BC=F2=CC=E5=D6=D0=CE=C4

=D3=A2=CE=C4

...

=20

(there are even more frequent completely bogus tags; I filtered these to
ones that had something to do with Chinese).

=20

Mark

=20

On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 10:17 PM, Shawn Steele =
<Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com>
wrote:

I think that lots of people feel that zh !=3D Mandarin and that this =
should be
clear.  I don't think anyone objects to that?

I also believe that there's a general consensus that some applications =
may
want to match/filter zh when looking for Mandarin (or Cantonese), and =
that
this isn't "best practice", but MAY be useful to some applications =
because
of the historical use of zh.

Is there any disagreement with this?  There's been a lot of discussion =
on
this topic, and that seems to be most of Karen's concern with any form =
of
"zh".  I *think* we're all saying basically the same thing.  Does anyone
object to being clear that zh !=3D Mandarin?

- Shawn
_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru




--=20
Mark=20




--=20
Mark=20


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<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D633485507-06062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Thanks Peter.&nbsp; Yes I can see that a MUST =
on this would=20
be too strong.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D633485507-06062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D633485507-06062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>Best regards</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D633485507-06062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D633485507-06062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>Debbie</FONT></SPAN></DIV><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft>
  <HR tabIndex=3D-1>
  <FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> ltru-bounces@ietf.org=20
  [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Peter=20
  Constable<BR><B>Sent:</B> 05 June 2008 21:45<BR><B>To:</B> 'LTRU =
Working=20
  Group'<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D =
Mandarin<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV class=3DSection1>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'">Debbie:=20
  you suggested we say that Mandarin content MUST be tagged zh-cmn (or =
cmn). In=20
  terms of back compat, that really is a non-starter. Of course, =
=A1=B0cmn=A1=B1 alone=20
  would obviously be so, but then you=A1=AFre not a proponent of that. =
But even=20
  =A1=B0zh-cmn=A1=B1 will not be an option for some existing =
implementations that simply=20
  have no way to accommodate that tag for any of a variety of reasons =
(they=20
  don=A1=AFt recognize =A1=B0cmn=A1=B1, or they need to use =
right-truncation in matching zh*=20
  and zh-Hant, etc.).<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'">Saying=20
  MUST in this case would almost certainly be a last-call blocker for =
4646bis: I=20
  and I=A1=AFm sure others here would make every effort to block=20
  that.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'">I=20
  don=A1=AFt think we=A1=AFre far from a consensus on reasonable =
recommendations that=20
  could be made. Asking for this MUST is definitely moving away from any =

  consensus, IMO.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'">Peter<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: =
medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: blue =
1.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
  <DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: =
#b5c4df 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: =
medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><B><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">=20
  ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of=20
  </B>Debbie Garside<BR><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, June 05, 2008 12:42=20
  PM<BR><B>To:</B> 'Mark Davis'<BR><B>Cc:</B> 'LTRU Working=20
  Group'<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D=20
  Mandarin<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Hi=20
  Mark</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">I would =
like to=20
  understand the problem but first I need to see it... be patient with =
me.&nbsp;=20
  See inline comments...</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal>&gt;&gt; A standard is not a magic wand. If we =
cause=20
  significant backwards compatibility problems for implementations, the =
standard=20
  will simply be ignored or worse yet, we'll get splintering. An example =
of such=20
  a failed standard is XML 1.1, a story that many of us are familiar =
with. Even=20
  though the standard was almost completely backwards compatible, =
because it was=20
  not 100% backwards compatible, it failed utterly and=20
  completely.<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">I am=20
  not sure how my position wrt 'zh' causes any backward compatibility =
problems=20
  for implementations.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">&gt;&gt; I don't =
think you=20
  realize the scale of the problems that can be caused by backwards=20
  incompatibilities. In a moderately sized organization with&nbsp;large =
amounts=20
  of code and data, to&nbsp;make a change from zh to zh-cmn&nbsp;(or=20
  cmn)&nbsp;could cost many millions of dollars. The truely complicated =
part is=20
  coordinating among many internal products plus thousands of vendors =
and API=20
  users so that there are not breakages. You appear to have no =
conception of how=20
  complicated this can be. And for a large organization, this is =
compounded many=20
  times.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New =
Roman','serif'">I am=20
  sure that there are many documents that are coded 'zh' that are =
Mandarin but I=20
  am not saying that you or anyone else should go through all your =
documents and=20
  re-tag them.&nbsp; What I am saying is that prior to the publication =
of=20
  RFC4646bis 'zh' was used to mean Chinese which included Mandarin and=20
  Cantonese.&nbsp;The dominant language encoded with=20
  'zh'&nbsp;is&nbsp;&nbsp;Mandarin so future matching scenarios would =
benefit=20
  from some sort of tag (as I suggested many moons ago) that would =
identify=20
  Mandarin as being the dominant language within the 'zh' =
Macrolanguage.&nbsp;=20
  Henceforth all documents should be encoded with 'zh-cmn'/'cmn'.&nbsp; =
I don't=20
  see the problem.&nbsp; Are you saying that some organizations have =
tagged=20
  *ONLY* Mandarin with 'zh' and they have created their own tags for =
Cantonese=20
  etc. or not bothered to tag Cantonese etc. at all?&nbsp; Historical=20
  implementations are not broken by this method as I am not suggesting=20
  deprecating 'zh' and future implementations will benefit from =
precision=20
  tagging IMHO.&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><BR><SPAN =

  style=3D"COLOR: blue">&gt;&gt; Now, you may have no sympathy for such=20
  organizations, but consider that if&nbsp;a company is faced with the =
choice=20
  of, say, spending&nbsp;- with *no* particular benefit to customers - =
large=20
  amounts of money for converting "zh" to "zh-cmn", versus spending that =
same=20
  amount of money to support more minority languages, what decision do =
you think=20
  people should make?</SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">As a=20
  business woman with a quarter of a century of experience behind me in =
what=20
  standards cost in real terms (however big or small the company), I =
will have=20
  every sympathy if you can give me a true to life *actual*/*factual* =
scenario=20
  where this is going to cost millions.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As far as I =
can see=20
  companies/organizations can continue to use 'zh' as they do today but, =
in=20
  addition,&nbsp;gradually they will see the use of 'zh-cmn' or 'cmn' =
introduced=20
  with new applications and implementations.&nbsp; As=20
  ICT's/applications/protocols/implementations are ever changing and =
software is=20
  often outofdate the minute it hits the streets I cannot see that this =
is going=20
  to cause a problem for long.&nbsp; Basically (I feel) you are arguing =
for 'zh'=20
  to mean Mandarin by the back door ('zh'!=3DMandarin).&nbsp;I am =
opposed to=20
  this.&nbsp; I&nbsp;say again, I am not opposed to saying that=20
  the&nbsp;'dominant' language within 'zh' =
is&nbsp;Mandarin.&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">&gt;&gt;=20
  If we in RFC 4646bis were to say that one MUST tag Mandarin with =
zh-cmn (or=20
  cmn), that would be a massive backwards incompatible change from RFC =
4646,=20
  inconsistent with the principle of never narrowing, and also =
inconsistent with=20
  ISO 639-1/2/3. Not to speak of the nonsensical position of denying =
that=20
  Mandarin is Chinese.</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">Poppycock!&nbsp;=20
  But if you really feel so hot about it you can make it a SHOULD or=20
  PREFERRED.</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">&gt;=20
  Not to speak of the nonsensical position of denying that Mandarin is=20
  Chinese.</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">Who=20
  said that?</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">I am=20
  happy to be corrected.&nbsp; If I could clearly see that a change from =
'zh' to=20
  'zh-cmn' or 'cmn' would cost industry millions I would be opposed =
to&nbsp;it=20
  but I am not seeing that here (yet).&nbsp; I am not hearing this from =
the=20
  software developers in here.&nbsp; Instead I am seeing users like =
Karen saying=20
  (somewhat) the reverse.</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">Debbie</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P>
  <BLOCKQUOTE=20
  style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: =
medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 5pt 0in 5pt =
3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: blue 1.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: =
medium none">
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
    <DIV class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=3Dcenter>
    <HR align=3Dcenter width=3D"100%" SIZE=3D2>
    </DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"><B><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">=20
    mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] =
<B>On=20
    Behalf Of </B>Mark Davis<BR><B>Sent:</B> 05 June 2008 =
18:48<BR><B>To:</B>=20
    debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk<BR><B>Cc:</B> Shawn Steele; LTRU Working=20
    Group<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D =
Mandarin</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>&gt;&nbsp;<SPAN class=3Dapple-style-span><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">we should clearly state =
that=20
    zh-cmn, or cmn if that is&nbsp;the way the WG decide to =
go,</SPAN></SPAN>=20
    <o:p></o:p></P>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN class=3Dapple-style-span><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">&gt; MUST be used for =
all future=20
    tagging [of Mandarin]...</SPAN></SPAN> <o:p></o:p></P>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>A bit more on this. (Karen, this one you can =
mark as a=20
    scree ;-)<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>A standard is not a magic wand. If we cause =
significant=20
    backwards compatibility problems for implementations, the standard =
will=20
    simply be ignored or worse yet, we'll get splintering. An example of =
such a=20
    failed standard is XML 1.1, a story that many of us are familiar =
with. Even=20
    though the standard was almost completely backwards compatible, =
because it=20
    was not 100% backwards compatible, it failed utterly and=20
    completely.<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><BR>I don't think you realize the scale of the =
problems=20
    that can be caused by backwards incompatibilities. In a moderately =
sized=20
    organization with&nbsp;large amounts of code and data, to&nbsp;make =
a change=20
    from zh to zh-cmn&nbsp;(or cmn)&nbsp;could cost many millions of =
dollars.=20
    The truely complicated part is coordinating among many internal =
products=20
    plus thousands of vendors and API users so that there are not =
breakages. You=20
    appear to have no conception of how complicated this can be. And for =
a large=20
    organization, this is compounded many times.<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>Now, you may have no sympathy for such =
organizations, but=20
    consider that if&nbsp;a company is faced with the choice of, say,=20
    spending&nbsp;- with *no* particular benefit to customers - large =
amounts of=20
    money for converting "zh" to "zh-cmn", versus spending that same =
amount of=20
    money to support more minority languages, what decision do you think =
people=20
    should make?<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><BR>If we in RFC 4646bis were to say that one =
MUST tag=20
    Mandarin with zh-cmn (or cmn), that would be a massive backwards=20
    incompatible change from RFC 4646, inconsistent with the principle =
of never=20
    narrowing, and also inconsistent with ISO 639-1/2/3. Not to speak of =
the=20
    nonsensical position of denying that Mandarin is=20
    Chinese.<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>Mark<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>2008/6/5 Debbie Garside &lt;<A=20
    =
href=3D"mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk">debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk</A>&g=
t;:<o:p></o:p></P>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">I=20
    have said this probably too many times now but here goes=20
    again...</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">'zh' is =
chinese,=20
    any sort of chinese, perhaps chinese that at the time of tagging was =
not=20
    known to be any particular variety.&nbsp; 'zh' ! Mandarin and 'zh' ! =

    Cantonese etc.&nbsp; 'zh' !=3D Mandarin is absolutely not=20
    correct!</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">As =
stated before,=20
    whilst we are all now perfectly aware that the&nbsp;'dominant' =
language=20
    within data tagged as 'zh' is Mandarin, we should in no way =
encourage people=20
    to continue using 'zh' for either Mandarin or Cantonese or anything =
else=20
    other than Chinese unknown/unstated variety.&nbsp; It is my opinion =
that we=20
    should clearly state that zh-cmn, or cmn if that is&nbsp;the way the =
WG=20
    decide to go,&nbsp;MUST be used for all future tagging and that 'zh' =
will=20
    continue to be treated as Chinese all/any varieties.&nbsp; If you =
wish to=20
    have an indicator in the file that clearly shows that a particular =
extlang=20
    is considered dominant within the Macrolanguage it is quite easy to=20
    do.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">I feel =
we are=20
    going around in circles here.&nbsp; We have had a straw poll and yet =
we seem=20
    to still be going down the same route over and over again. 'zh' does =
not and=20
    should not and must not mean Mandarin!</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">best=20
    regards</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">Debbie</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
    <BLOCKQUOTE=20
    style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: =
medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 5pt 0in 5pt =
3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: blue 1.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: =
medium none">
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
      <DIV class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter>
      <HR align=3Dcenter width=3D"100%" SIZE=3D2>
      </DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'"> <A=20
      href=3D"mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org"=20
      target=3D_blank>ltru-bounces@ietf.org</A> [mailto:<A=20
      href=3D"mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org"=20
      target=3D_blank>ltru-bounces@ietf.org</A>] <B>On Behalf Of =
</B>Shawn=20
      Steele<BR><B>Sent:</B> 05 June 2008 09:12<BR><B>To:</B> Mark Davis =

      <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <DIV>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Tahoma','sans-serif'"><BR><B>Cc:</B>=20
      LTRU Working Group<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D=20
      Mandarin<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
      <DIV>
      <DIV>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Tahoma','sans-serif'">And=20
      to be clear and address Karen's concern, its also OK for people to =

      continue to use zh for Cantonese?</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">-=20
      Shawn</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
      <DIV>
      <DIV class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter>
      <HR align=3Dcenter width=3D"100%" SIZE=3D2>
      </DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'"> <A=20
      href=3D"mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com"=20
      target=3D_blank>mark.edward.davis@gmail.com</A> [<A=20
      href=3D"mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com"=20
      target=3D_blank>mark.edward.davis@gmail.com</A>] On Behalf Of Mark =
Davis [<A=20
      href=3D"mailto:mark.davis@icu-project.org"=20
      target=3D_blank>mark.davis@icu-project.org</A>]<BR><B>Sent:</B> =
Wednesday,=20
      June 04, 2008 6:22 PM<BR><B>To:</B> Shawn Steele<BR><B>Cc:</B> =
LTRU=20
      Working Group<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D=20
      Mandarin</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal>I agree with what you say. I don't think =
anyone objects=20
      to zh !=3D Mandarin, given the choices that 639-3 has made. Nor =
that it is=20
      valid to tag Mandarin content with 'zh'; it is, after all,=20
      Chinese.&nbsp;What we worked out before (and this is orthogonal to =
extlang=20
      vs nextlang) is to say that it is recommended to use zh-cmn, but =
that for=20
      backwards compatibility people may choose to continue to use zh =
for=20
      Mandarin. <o:p></o:p></P>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P></DIV>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal>(More useful advice would be that because of =
backwards=20
      compatibility people should expect that into the indefinite =
future, "zh"=20
      will predominate, and should keep that in mind as in using these =
codes=20
      either for tagging content or matching content. However, we can =
live with=20
      having impractical advice in the spec as long as it is clear that =
people=20
      aren't forced to follow it for compliance.)<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P></DIV>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal>Just for information, we reran some analysis =
and in=20
      terms of web pages, the number of pages tagged zh-cmn* is =
approximately=20
      1/250000<SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">&nbsp;of the=20
      number of pages tagged with zh*. This is way down in the noise =
level:=20
      zh-cmn even occurs far, far less often than suspect, irregular or =
bogus=20
      tags like:</SPAN> <o:p></o:p></P>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P></DIV>
      <DIV>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh_tw<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh_cn<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">ch<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-hk<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-classical<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-tw-tw<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">gbk<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-en<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zhs<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-cn-cn<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zht<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh_hk<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zho<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-ch<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-cn-utf-8<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh_ch<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zht-tw<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zhtw<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-tw;=20
      xmlns<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DZH-CN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt">=BC=F2=CC=E5=D6=D0=CE=C4</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DZH-CN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt">=D3=A2=CE=C4</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <P style=3D"MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">...<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
      <DIV>
      <DIV>
      <DIV>
      <DIV>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'">(there are even =
more=20
      frequent completely bogus tags; I filtered these to ones that had=20
      something to do with Chinese).<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">Mark<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></D=
IV>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
      <DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal>On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 10:17 PM, Shawn Steele =
&lt;<A=20
      href=3D"mailto:Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com"=20
      target=3D_blank>Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com</A>&gt; =
wrote:<o:p></o:p></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal>I think that lots of people feel that zh !=3D =
Mandarin=20
      and that this should be clear. &nbsp;I don't think anyone objects =
to=20
      that?<BR><BR>I also believe that there's a general consensus that =
some=20
      applications may want to match/filter zh when looking for Mandarin =
(or=20
      Cantonese), and that this isn't "best practice", but MAY be useful =
to some=20
      applications because of the historical use of zh.<BR><BR>Is there =
any=20
      disagreement with this? &nbsp;There's been a lot of discussion on =
this=20
      topic, and that seems to be most of Karen's concern with any form =
of "zh".=20
      &nbsp;I *think* we're all saying basically the same thing. =
&nbsp;Does=20
      anyone object to being clear that zh !=3D Mandarin?<BR><BR>-=20
      Shawn<BR>_______________________________________________<BR>Ltru =
mailing=20
      list<BR><A href=3D"mailto:Ltru@ietf.org"=20
      target=3D_blank>Ltru@ietf.org</A><BR><A=20
      href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru"=20
      =
target=3D_blank>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</A><o:p></o:p>=
</P></DIV>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><BR><BR clear=3Dall><BR>-- <BR>Mark=20
      =
<o:p></o:p></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></D=
IV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><BR><BR clear=3Dall><BR>-- <BR>Mark=20
    =
<o:p></o:p></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></=
BODY></HTML>

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Date: Fri, 06 Jun 2008 15:54:47 +0900
To: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>,
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From: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
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At 00:04 08/06/06, Peter Constable wrote:
>So, you're saying this: if we go with extlang across the board, re-scoping 
>et would be best;

Best, or at least not a serious problem.

>but if we don't go with extlang, then narrowing et by 
>"chipping off" V$B%F%*(Bro would be best. Is that right?

Yes, or at least highly preferable to re-scoping.

Mind you, the best thing would be if we could somewhat
magically get a nice hierarchy that pleased everybody,
and we could automatically retag all content whenever
we were forced to change something in the tagging scheme.

But we know that's just dreaming :-(.

Regards,    Martin.

>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
>> Sent: Wednesday, June 04, 2008 6:08 PM
>> To: Peter Constable; 'LTRU Working Group'
>> Subject: RE: [Ltru] heads up: Estonian
>>
>> At 04:05 08/06/05, Peter Constable wrote:
>> >> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]
>> >
>> >
>> >> [technical hat on]
>> >>
>> >> I'm also leaning towards recommending to not split up et,
>> >> the same way others have recommended on this list.
>> >
>> >IIUC, you're saying you lean in favour of re-scoping et as a
>> macrolanguage
>> >and adding two (or more) new IDs for encompassed varieties, including
>> V#$B%((Bo
>> >and (presumably) Standard Estonian -- is that right?
>>
>> No, I'm saying that I'd be okay with this if I were really sure
>> that we'd end up with extlangs (not only for zh). As I'm not totally
>> sure about that, I think the damage is smaller if you just introduce
>> a new code for Vo"ro, and (as you call it) narrow the denomination 'et',
>> without introducing a macrolanguage.
>>
>> Regards,    Martin.
>>
>>
>>
>> #-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
>> #-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp
>> mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
To: "'Shawn Steele'" <Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com>,
	"'Mark Davis'" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
References: <AQHIxgLu9AlGx5cj/0mtkmlbJHUiWQ==><C9BF0238EED3634BA1866AEF14C7A9E561BFAA260C@NA-EXMSG-C116.redmond.corp.microsoft.com>,
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Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2008 09:29:20 +0100
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Cc: 'LTRU Working Group' <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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I think there is some confusion going on here.  When I first started =
using
databases (about 25 years ago) I used a system from Informix called =
SMART
where in SQL '!' means 'Contains' with '=3D' meaning 'equal'  thus I =
have
interpreted 'zh!=3DMandarin' to mean 'zh' contains or is equal to =
Mandarin.=20
=20
Debbie


  _____ =20

From: Shawn Steele [mailto:Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com]=20
Sent: 05 June 2008 23:45
To: debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk; 'Mark Davis'
Cc: 'LTRU Working Group'
Subject: RE: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin
Importance: Low



I think I must=A1=AFve been confusing, I meant zh !=3D Mandarin as in =
=A1=B0zh is NOT
equal to Mandarin=A1=B1, which is what it sounds like you said J

=20

It sounds like we mostly agree on Addison=A1=AFs latest text.

=20

- Shawn

=20

From: Debbie Garside [mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk]=20
Sent: Thursday, June 05, 2008 2:55 AM
To: Shawn Steele; 'Mark Davis'
Cc: 'LTRU Working Group'
Subject: RE: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin

=20

I have said this probably too many times now but here goes again...

'zh' is chinese, any sort of chinese, perhaps chinese that at the time =
of
tagging was not known to be any particular variety.  'zh' ! Mandarin and
'zh' ! Cantonese etc.  'zh' !=3D Mandarin is absolutely not correct!

=20

As stated before, whilst we are all now perfectly aware that the =
'dominant'
language within data tagged as 'zh' is Mandarin, we should in no way
encourage people to continue using 'zh' for either Mandarin or Cantonese =
or
anything else other than Chinese unknown/unstated variety.  It is my =
opinion
that we should clearly state that zh-cmn, or cmn if that is the way the =
WG
decide to go, MUST be used for all future tagging and that 'zh' will
continue to be treated as Chinese all/any varieties.  If you wish to =
have an
indicator in the file that clearly shows that a particular extlang is
considered dominant within the Macrolanguage it is quite easy to do.

=20

I feel we are going around in circles here.  We have had a straw poll =
and
yet we seem to still be going down the same route over and over again. =
'zh'
does not and should not and must not mean Mandarin!

=20

best regards

=20

Debbie

=20

  _____ =20

From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Shawn Steele
Sent: 05 June 2008 09:12
To: Mark Davis
Cc: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin

And to be clear and address Karen's concern, its also OK for people to
continue to use zh for Cantonese?

=20

- Shawn

  _____ =20

From: mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] On =
Behalf Of
Mark Davis [mark.davis@icu-project.org]
Sent: Wednesday, June 04, 2008 6:22 PM
To: Shawn Steele
Cc: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D Mandarin

I agree with what you say. I don't think anyone objects to zh !=3D =
Mandarin,
given the choices that 639-3 has made. Nor that it is valid to tag =
Mandarin
content with 'zh'; it is, after all, Chinese. What we worked out before =
(and
this is orthogonal to extlang vs nextlang) is to say that it is =
recommended
to use zh-cmn, but that for backwards compatibility people may choose to
continue to use zh for Mandarin.=20

=20

(More useful advice would be that because of backwards compatibility =
people
should expect that into the indefinite future, "zh" will predominate, =
and
should keep that in mind as in using these codes either for tagging =
content
or matching content. However, we can live with having impractical advice =
in
the spec as long as it is clear that people aren't forced to follow it =
for
compliance.)

=20

Just for information, we reran some analysis and in terms of web pages, =
the
number of pages tagged zh-cmn* is approximately 1/250000 of the number =
of
pages tagged with zh*. This is way down in the noise level: zh-cmn even
occurs far, far less often than suspect, irregular or bogus tags like:=20

=20

zh_tw

zh_cn

ch

zh-hk

zh-classical

zh-tw-tw

gbk

zh-en

zhs

zh-cn-cn

zht

zh_hk

zho

zh-ch

zh-cn-utf-8

zh_ch

zht-tw

zhtw

zh-tw; xmlns

=BC=F2=CC=E5=D6=D0=CE=C4

=D3=A2=CE=C4

...

=20

(there are even more frequent completely bogus tags; I filtered these to
ones that had something to do with Chinese).

=20

Mark

=20

On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 10:17 PM, Shawn Steele =
<Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com>
wrote:

I think that lots of people feel that zh !=3D Mandarin and that this =
should be
clear.  I don't think anyone objects to that?

I also believe that there's a general consensus that some applications =
may
want to match/filter zh when looking for Mandarin (or Cantonese), and =
that
this isn't "best practice", but MAY be useful to some applications =
because
of the historical use of zh.

Is there any disagreement with this?  There's been a lot of discussion =
on
this topic, and that seems to be most of Karen's concern with any form =
of
"zh".  I *think* we're all saying basically the same thing.  Does anyone
object to being clear that zh !=3D Mandarin?

- Shawn
_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru




--=20
Mark=20


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<BODY lang=3DEN-US vLink=3Dpurple link=3Dblue>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3D168502408-06062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>I think there is some confusion going on =
here.&nbsp; When I=20
first started using databases (about 25 years ago)&nbsp;I used a system =
from=20
Informix called SMART where in SQL '!' means 'Contains' with '=3D' =
meaning=20
'equal'&nbsp; thus I have interpreted 'zh!=3DMandarin' to mean 'zh' =
contains or is=20
equal to Mandarin. </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D168502408-06062008><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D168502408-06062008><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>Debbie</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><BR></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft>
  <HR tabIndex=3D-1>
  <FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> Shawn Steele=20
  [mailto:Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com] <BR><B>Sent:</B> 05 June 2008=20
  23:45<BR><B>To:</B> debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk; 'Mark =
Davis'<BR><B>Cc:</B>=20
  'LTRU Working Group'<BR><B>Subject:</B> RE: [Ltru] zh !=3D=20
  Mandarin<BR><B>Importance:</B> Low<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV class=3DSection1>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'">I=20
  think I must=A1=AFve been confusing, I meant zh !=3D Mandarin as in =
=A1=B0zh is NOT equal=20
  to Mandarin=A1=B1, which is what it sounds like you said </SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
Wingdings">J</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'">It=20
  sounds like we mostly agree on Addison=A1=AFs latest =
text.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'">-=20
  Shawn<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
  <DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: =
#b5c4df 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: =
medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><B><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'"> Debbie =
Garside=20
  [mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk] <BR><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, June 05, =
2008=20
  2:55 AM<BR><B>To:</B> Shawn Steele; 'Mark Davis'<BR><B>Cc:</B> 'LTRU =
Working=20
  Group'<BR><B>Subject:</B> RE: [Ltru] zh !=3D=20
  Mandarin<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">I have=20
  said this probably too many times now but here goes=20
  again...</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">'zh' is =
chinese,=20
  any sort of chinese, perhaps chinese that at the time of tagging was =
not known=20
  to be any particular variety.&nbsp; 'zh' ! Mandarin and 'zh' ! =
Cantonese=20
  etc.&nbsp; 'zh' !=3D Mandarin is absolutely not =
correct!</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">As stated =
before,=20
  whilst we are all now perfectly aware that the&nbsp;'dominant' =
language within=20
  data tagged as 'zh' is Mandarin, we should in no way encourage people =
to=20
  continue using 'zh' for either Mandarin or Cantonese or anything else =
other=20
  than Chinese unknown/unstated variety.&nbsp; It is my opinion that we =
should=20
  clearly state that zh-cmn, or cmn if that is&nbsp;the way the WG =
decide to=20
  go,&nbsp;MUST be used for all future tagging and that 'zh' will =
continue to be=20
  treated as Chinese all/any varieties.&nbsp; If you wish to have an =
indicator=20
  in the file that clearly shows that a particular extlang is considered =

  dominant within the Macrolanguage it is quite easy to=20
do.</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">I feel we =
are going=20
  around in circles here.&nbsp; We have had a straw poll and yet we seem =
to=20
  still be going down the same route over and over again. 'zh' does not =
and=20
  should not and must not mean Mandarin!</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">best=20
  regards</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Arial','sans-serif'">Debbie</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
  <BLOCKQUOTE=20
  style=3D"BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: =
medium none; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; MARGIN: 5pt 0in 5pt =
3.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: blue 1.5pt solid; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: =
medium none">
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
    <DIV class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=3Dcenter>
    <HR align=3Dcenter width=3D"100%" SIZE=3D2>
    </DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"><B><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">=20
    ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of =

    </B>Shawn Steele<BR><B>Sent:</B> 05 June 2008 09:12<BR><B>To:</B> =
Mark=20
    Davis<BR><B>Cc:</B> LTRU Working Group<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Ltru] =
zh !=3D=20
    Mandarin</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Tahoma','sans-serif'">And=20
    to be clear and address Karen's concern, its also OK for people to =
continue=20
    to use zh for Cantonese?</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">-=20
    Shawn</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV id=3DdivRpF216509>
    <DIV class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=3Dcenter>
    <HR align=3Dcenter width=3D"100%" SIZE=3D2>
    </DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"><B><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">=20
    mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] On Behalf =
Of Mark=20
    Davis [mark.davis@icu-project.org]<BR><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, June =
04, 2008=20
    6:22 PM<BR><B>To:</B> Shawn Steele<BR><B>Cc:</B> LTRU Working=20
    Group<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Ltru] zh !=3D=20
    Mandarin</SPAN><o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>I agree with what you say. I don't think anyone =
objects=20
    to zh !=3D Mandarin, given the choices that 639-3 has made. Nor that =
it is=20
    valid to tag Mandarin content with 'zh'; it is, after all,=20
    Chinese.&nbsp;What we worked out before (and this is orthogonal to =
extlang=20
    vs nextlang) is to say that it is recommended to use zh-cmn, but =
that for=20
    backwards compatibility people may choose to continue to use zh for=20
    Mandarin. <o:p></o:p></P>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>(More useful advice would be that because of =
backwards=20
    compatibility people should expect that into the indefinite future, =
"zh"=20
    will predominate, and should keep that in mind as in using these =
codes=20
    either for tagging content or matching content. However, we can live =
with=20
    having impractical advice in the spec as long as it is clear that =
people=20
    aren't forced to follow it for compliance.)<o:p></o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>Just for information, we reran some analysis =
and in terms=20
    of web pages, the number of pages tagged zh-cmn* is approximately=20
    1/250000<SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">&nbsp;of the=20
    number of pages tagged with zh*. This is way down in the noise =
level: zh-cmn=20
    even occurs far, far less often than suspect, irregular or bogus =
tags=20
    like:</SPAN> <o:p></o:p></P>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh_tw<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh_cn<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">ch<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-hk<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-classical<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-tw-tw<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">gbk<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-en<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zhs<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-cn-cn<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zht<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh_hk<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zho<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-ch<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-cn-utf-8<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh_ch<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zht-tw<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zhtw<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">zh-tw;=20
    xmlns<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN lang=3DZH-CN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
9pt">=BC=F2=CC=E5=D6=D0=CE=C4</SPAN><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN lang=3DZH-CN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
9pt">=D3=A2=CE=C4</SPAN><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <P><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">...<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <DIV>
    <DIV>
    <DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Helvetica','sans-serif'">(there are even more =
frequent=20
    completely bogus tags; I filtered these to ones that had something =
to do=20
    with Chinese).<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =
'Helvetica','sans-serif'">Mark<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></D=
IV>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
    <DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>On Tue, Jun 3, 2008 at 10:17 PM, Shawn Steele =
&lt;<A=20
    =
href=3D"mailto:Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com">Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com</A>=
&gt;=20
    wrote:<o:p></o:p></P>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal>I think that lots of people feel that zh !=3D =
Mandarin and=20
    that this should be clear. &nbsp;I don't think anyone objects to=20
    that?<BR><BR>I also believe that there's a general consensus that =
some=20
    applications may want to match/filter zh when looking for Mandarin =
(or=20
    Cantonese), and that this isn't "best practice", but MAY be useful =
to some=20
    applications because of the historical use of zh.<BR><BR>Is there =
any=20
    disagreement with this? &nbsp;There's been a lot of discussion on =
this=20
    topic, and that seems to be most of Karen's concern with any form of =
"zh".=20
    &nbsp;I *think* we're all saying basically the same thing. =
&nbsp;Does anyone=20
    object to being clear that zh !=3D Mandarin?<BR><BR>-=20
    Shawn<BR>_______________________________________________<BR>Ltru =
mailing=20
    list<BR><A href=3D"mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</A><BR><A=20
    href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru"=20
    =
target=3D_blank>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</A><o:p></o:p>=
</P></DIV>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><BR><BR clear=3Dall><BR>-- <BR>Mark=20
    =
<o:p></o:p></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></=
BODY></HTML>

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_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
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https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Jun  6 02:07:14 2008
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From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
To: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2008 09:40:40 +0100
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Subject: [Ltru] Information Dissemination
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Hi

I know that this could be considered off-topic but we have on several
occasions visited the subject of marketing and information dissemination in
the light of getting people to adopt this standard and thus I don't consider
it as off-topic as some might.

It would be really great if someone could write a short paper/presentation
for the GUM3C conference wrt to RFC4646, past, current and future as well as
Internationalization in general as well as applications for the RFC.  Panel
representation would also be welcome.  A paper could be presented by
me/someone else of your choice if you do not wish to attend the conference.

For more info visit http://www.gum3c.org

Apologies if you consider this off-topic.  It may be appropriate to respond
off-list.

Best regards

Debbie

Debbie Garside
CEO

The World Language Documentation Centre
Corner House
Barn Street
Haverfordwest
Pembrokeshire SA61 1BW
Wales UK

Tel: 0044 1437 766441
Fax: 0044 1437 766173

Web: http://www.thewldc.org


begin 666 flyer_GUM3C1 (2).pdf
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#1@T*
`
end

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References: <AQHIxgLu9AlGx5cj/0mtkmlbJHUiWQ==><C9BF0238EED3634BA1866AEF14C7A9E561BFAA260C@NA-EXMSG-C116.redmond.corp.microsoft.com>,
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Subject: [Ltru] ISO 639 was RE:  zh != Mandarin
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Peter (and Karen) wrote:

> > If we say yue is just as good as zh-yue, throw out the shortest tag
> > rule and the idea that there are preferred tags for any
> given subtag.
> > If there any synonymous preferred subtags, it means ISO
> 639-6 will be
> > a significantly better solution for me.
>
> ISO 639-6 is not a better solution for you if it means you
> abandon working together here to form a consensus. You said
> in another message,

I agree with Peter.  It is important to gain a rough consensus here.

>
> > If you tag your content as "zh" and I tag mine as "zh-cmn"
> because I
> > need that specificity, the application that aggregates this content
> > could have problems. Smart applications will need to handle
> both tags...
>
> So, evidently interop between your applications and others'
> is a concern. There will be applications that will want to
> support A/V scenarios but that have a long history using
> legacy tags. Because they want to support A/V scenarios,
> those vendors will likely do work to "handle both tags"
> within a single system. If you decide to opt for a completely
> different system, that will only make it harder for them.

ISO 639-6 is not a completely different system, it is an emerging ISO
standard of the ISO 639 family of standards that can (relatively) easily be
incorporated within RFC4646bis or ter if required.  The code (once
published) could be used as private subtags too.  ISO 639-6 subtags could be
placed AFTER the Country Code subtag within the syntax and with a preceding
singleton or it could be situated as a primary language subtag (as the
alpha4 position is already reserved).

Debbie





> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Peter Constable
> Sent: 06 June 2008 02:42
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
>
> > From: Broome, Karen [mailto:Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com]
>
> > If we say yue is just as good as zh-yue, throw out the shortest tag
> > rule and the idea that there are preferred tags for any
> given subtag.
> > If there any synonymous preferred subtags, it means ISO
> 639-6 will be
> > a significantly better solution for me.
>
> ISO 639-6 is not a better solution for you if it means you
> abandon working together here to form a consensus. You said
> in another message,
>
> > If you tag your content as "zh" and I tag mine as "zh-cmn"
> because I
> > need that specificity, the application that aggregates this content
> > could have problems. Smart applications will need to handle
> both tags...
>
> So, evidently interop between your applications and others'
> is a concern. There will be applications that will want to
> support A/V scenarios but that have a long history using
> legacy tags. Because they want to support A/V scenarios,
> those vendors will likely do work to "handle both tags"
> within a single system. If you decide to opt for a completely
> different system, that will only make it harder for them.
>
>
> Let's all see what are reasonable compromises we can make to
> reach a consensus.
>
>
>
> Peter
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>
>
>




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To: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>, "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
From: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
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Subject: [Ltru] User interface (was: Re:  zh != Mandarin)
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[technical hat on]

I generally lean against anything that would specify user interface,
because it's not really considered IETF business. I could immagine
that we have some paragraph or section with advice about user interface.
Maybe we already do, and could add some advice there?

Regards,   Martin.

At 13:33 08/06/06, Peter Constable wrote:
>> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>> Broome, Karen
>
>
>> >I would like these guidelines, for when to avoid and when to
>> >recommend the macrolanguage tag, to go in:
>> >
>> ><t>When using a macrolanguage subtag to form the tag for an
>> >encompassed language, one should be reluctant to translate its
>> >meaning - in a user interface or similar - to the spesific name.
>>
>> I don't think we want to get into specifying user interface names. We
>> are specifying codes for the representation of languages, not names.
>
>I agree with Karen. We should try to impose limitations on implementers in 
>terms of how they relate user-interface to underlying representations. If 
>they want to do something bad, let their users and product-support team 
>correct them.
>
>
>
>Peter
>_______________________________________________
>Ltru mailing list
>Ltru@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2008 13:57:59 +0200
From: "Gerard Meijssen" <gerard.meijssen@gmail.com>
To: "Martin Duerst" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
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Cc: "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] User interface (was: Re: zh != Mandarin)
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Hoi,
A user should be able to select the language that he speaks, writes in the
software that he uses. This has nothing to do with the language of the user
interface. The user interface only provides the languages that the software
has been localised in. This is ony a really tiny subset of the languages
that are available.

When people are allowed to express in their writing their own language, it
would be wrong to restrict people in their choice to a subset of the
languages we all agree exist. When people are enabled to express the
languages that they write in, there is no need to allow for ar, sgn or  zh
because a person does not express himself in a multitude of languages and
certainly in the software you cannot have a spellchecker in aggregations of
languages.

When a person has indicated what language he writes in, it is obvious what
language you enter in the meta data. It would be Mandarin when it is
Mandarin, not Chinese.

When we consider it not our business to speak about this, we avoid
discussing what is key in this whole controversy. Key is that zh, ar and sgn
exist to allow for the material that has already been tagged. When we can do
better for new content we should. If this means that companies have to
invest in improving their software in order to allow for more granularity
they should. There is no excuse.

Thanks,
      GerardM

On Fri, Jun 6, 2008 at 11:18 AM, Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
wrote:

> [technical hat on]
>
> I generally lean against anything that would specify user interface,
> because it's not really considered IETF business. I could immagine
> that we have some paragraph or section with advice about user interface.
> Maybe we already do, and could add some advice there?
>
> Regards,   Martin.
>
> At 13:33 08/06/06, Peter Constable wrote:
> >> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> >> Broome, Karen
> >
> >
> >> >I would like these guidelines, for when to avoid and when to
> >> >recommend the macrolanguage tag, to go in:
> >> >
> >> ><t>When using a macrolanguage subtag to form the tag for an
> >> >encompassed language, one should be reluctant to translate its
> >> >meaning - in a user interface or similar - to the spesific name.
> >>
> >> I don't think we want to get into specifying user interface names. We
> >> are specifying codes for the representation of languages, not names.
> >
> >I agree with Karen. We should try to impose limitations on implementers in
> >terms of how they relate user-interface to underlying representations. If
> >they want to do something bad, let their users and product-support team
> >correct them.
> >
> >
> >
> >Peter
> >_______________________________________________
> >Ltru mailing list
> >Ltru@ietf.org
> >https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>
> #-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
> #-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>

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Hoi,<br>A user should be able to select the language that he speaks, writes in the software that he uses. This has nothing to do with the language of the user interface. The user interface only provides the languages that the software has been localised in. This is ony a really tiny subset of the languages that are available.<br>
<br>When people are allowed to express in their writing their own language, it would be wrong to restrict people in their choice to a subset of the languages we all agree exist. When people are enabled to express the languages that they write in, there is no need to allow for ar, sgn or&nbsp; zh because a person does not express himself in a multitude of languages and certainly in the software you cannot have a spellchecker in aggregations of languages.<br>
<br>When a person has indicated what language he writes in, it is obvious what language you enter in the meta data. It would be Mandarin when it is Mandarin, not Chinese.<br><br>When we consider it not our business to speak about this, we avoid discussing what is key in this whole controversy. Key is that zh, ar and sgn exist to allow for the material that has already been tagged. When we can do better for new content we should. If this means that companies have to invest in improving their software in order to allow for more granularity they should. There is no excuse.<br>
<br>Thanks,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; GerardM<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Jun 6, 2008 at 11:18 AM, Martin Duerst &lt;<a href="mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp">duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
[technical hat on]<br>
<br>
I generally lean against anything that would specify user interface,<br>
because it&#39;s not really considered IETF business. I could immagine<br>
that we have some paragraph or section with advice about user interface.<br>
Maybe we already do, and could add some advice there?<br>
<br>
Regards, &nbsp; Martin.<br>
<br>
At 13:33 08/06/06, Peter Constable wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt; From: <a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On Behalf Of<br>
&gt;&gt; Broome, Karen<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;I would like these guidelines, for when to avoid and when to<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;recommend the macrolanguage tag, to go in:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&lt;t&gt;When using a macrolanguage subtag to form the tag for an<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;encompassed language, one should be reluctant to translate its<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;meaning - in a user interface or similar - to the spesific name.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; I don&#39;t think we want to get into specifying user interface names. We<br>
&gt;&gt; are specifying codes for the representation of languages, not names.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;I agree with Karen. We should try to impose limitations on implementers in<br>
&gt;terms of how they relate user-interface to underlying representations. If<br>
&gt;they want to do something bad, let their users and product-support team<br>
&gt;correct them.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Peter<br>
&gt;_______________________________________________<br>
&gt;Ltru mailing list<br>
&gt;<a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
&gt;<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
<br>
<br>
#-#-# &nbsp;Martin J. Du&quot;rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University<br>
#-#-# &nbsp;<a href="http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp" target="_blank">http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp</a> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; mailto:<a href="mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp">duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp</a><br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
</blockquote></div><br>

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To: Debbie Garside <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Debbie Garside scripsit:
> I think there is some confusion going on here.  When I first started using
> databases (about 25 years ago) I used a system from Informix called SMART
> where in SQL '!' means 'Contains' with '=' meaning 'equal'  thus I have
> interpreted 'zh!=Mandarin' to mean 'zh' contains or is equal to Mandarin. 

Ah, no wonder.  No, in this context "!" means "not".  So "zh != Mandarin" means "zh is not equal to
Mandarin", or more precisely "'zh' and 'Mandarin' aren't identical."

-- 
Henry S. Thompson said, / "Syntactic, structural,               John Cowan
Value constraints we / Express on the fly."                 cowan@ccil.org
Simon St. Laurent: "Your / Incomprehensible     http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Abracadabralike / schemas must die!"
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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:-)  I gathered.  But only after the event.

Thanks anyway.

Debbie


> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org]
> Sent: 06 June 2008 14:12
> To: Debbie Garside
> Cc: 'Shawn Steele'; 'Mark Davis'; 'LTRU Working Group'
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
>
> Debbie Garside scripsit:
> > I think there is some confusion going on here.  When I
> first started
> > using databases (about 25 years ago) I used a system from Informix
> > called SMART where in SQL '!' means 'Contains' with '=' meaning
> > 'equal'  thus I have interpreted 'zh!=Mandarin' to mean
> 'zh' contains or is equal to Mandarin.
>
> Ah, no wonder.  No, in this context "!" means "not".  So "zh
> != Mandarin" means "zh is not equal to Mandarin", or more
> precisely "'zh' and 'Mandarin' aren't identical."
>
> --
> Henry S. Thompson said, / "Syntactic, structural,
>   John Cowan
> Value constraints we / Express on the fly."
> cowan@ccil.org
> Simon St. Laurent: "Your / Incomprehensible
> http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
> Abracadabralike / schemas must die!"
>
>
>
>




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Doug Ewell 2008-06-06 05.51:

> Leif Halvard Silli <lhs at malform dot no> wrote:
> 
>>> The word "tag" is wrong. What they do not share is a macrolanguage. 
>>> The word "tag" is given a specific meaning, which does not apply in 
>>> this case.
>>
>> Do you know if they share a macrolanguage? You only know what is 
>> registered.
> 
> A macrolanguage is what ISO 639-3 says it is.    [...]


'Language' was not invented by ISO. Our draft: 'ISO 639-3 labels 
some languages in the registry as "macrolanguages"'.

However, after a couple of tries, I begin to get used to the taste 
of "share a macrolanguage". Yet, could we change the wording 'a 
macrolanguage' to the wording 'any macrolanguage' in the quote below?

	"For example, Romanian ('ro') and Moldavian ('mo') do not share 
*any* macrolanguage [...]"
-- 
leif halvard silli
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Randy Presuhn <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>, LTRU Working Group
	<ltru@ietf.org>
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Hi,

I wrote this version with cherry-picking mode set to maximum. That is, we specifically picked those three languages (see Peter's email and others) for compatibility reasons. I assumed that our reasoning regarding the selection of these three languages would hold in the future, should ISO 639-3 see fit to designate another Chinese, Arabic, or sign language, but that we would "permanently reserve" extlang against other registrations.

If we are not to enshrine the specific prefixes here, then we need to say what the rules are for registering an extlang. I would assume these would be:

- any extlang MUST be registered with an identical language record
- any extlang MUST also be Deprecated in favor of its primary language subtag
- no item that already has a primary language subtag is permitted to have an extlang registered (no backsliding)
- an extlang SHOULD have a macrolanguage that it uses as its prefix (sgn is an exception)
- if a language's macrolanguage has any extlangs, then this language SHOULD also be extlangs; if the shared extlangs are not already present, then the new language SHOULD NOT be an extlang either.
- no language that has an ISO 639-1 code can be an extlang

Some examples:

- If Estonian "splits", then its new encompassed languages would be a candidate according to these rules.
- If Montenegrin were to be registered, then it would NOT be a candidate because Serbian, Bosnian, Croatian, etc. are not extlangs
- Nynorsk cannot be registered as an extlang because it is already not an extlang (and because of the 639-1 rule)
- If 'Foovian' is a new language encompassed by Chinese, it would be considered for an extlang
- If 'Barvian' is a new language encompassed by Cree, it would be considered for an extlang but would probably be rejected (other Cree languages are not extlangs)
- If 'Hanseatic Bazian' and 'Standard German' are new languages encompassed by 'de', they would be considered for extlang

Thoughts?

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Randy Presuhn
> Sent: Thursday, June 05, 2008 7:08 PM
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: [Ltru] Section 2.2.2 exhaustive specification of possible
> prefixes
>
> Hi -
>
> As a technical contributor...
>
> Some comments on the June 5th version of
> http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.txt
>
> I think the current text in section 2.2.2 looks pretty good.
> However, I'm a little concerned that we may be overspecifying
> things slightly, and would suggest deleting two sentences:
>
>    Only
>    languages that have an ISO 639-3 "macrolanguage" mapping
> equivalent
>    to 'zh' (Chinese) or 'ar' (Arabic) or which are identified as
> sign
>    languages have extended language subtags defined.
>
>    This prefix MUST be one of these subtags: 'zh', 'ar', or 'sgn'.
>
> I am *not* suggesting that we add any other possible prefixes at
> this
> time, but am wary of baking a limitation into the spec that might
> somehow come back to bite us later.  The decision as to whether
> there
> adequate "various historical reasons" to designate a prefix for
> future
> extended language subtags is something that should, in my opinion,
> be
> left to ietf-languages@iana.org and the Language Subtag Reviewer.
>
> Randy
>
> _______________________________________________
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Hi -

> From: "Debbie Garside" <debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk>
> To: "'Shawn Steele'" <Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com>; "'Mark Davis'" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
> Cc: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Friday, June 06, 2008 1:29 AM
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
>
> I think there is some confusion going on here.  When I first started using
> databases (about 25 years ago) I used a system from Informix called SMART
> where in SQL '!' means 'Contains' with '=' meaning 'equal'  thus I have
> interpreted 'zh!=Mandarin' to mean 'zh' contains or is equal to Mandarin. 

Indeed.  In C, C++, Java, awk, perl, C#, and Python, to name a few,
"!=" is the boolean "is not equal to" operator.  By itself, "!" is
"not" in  many languages.  (I'll ignore the distinction between "~"
and "!" in C-family languages.)  SQL's use of "!" is unusual.

Randy

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Hi -

As a technical contributor...

> From: "Gerard Meijssen" <gerard.meijssen@gmail.com>
> To: "Martin Duerst" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
> Cc: <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Friday, June 06, 2008 4:57 AM
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] User interface (was: Re: zh != Mandarin)
...
> When a person has indicated what language he writes in, it is obvious what
> language you enter in the meta data. It would be Mandarin when it is
> Mandarin, not Chinese.
> 
> When we consider it not our business to speak about this, we avoid
> discussing what is key in this whole controversy. Key is that zh, ar and sgn
> exist to allow for the material that has already been tagged. When we can do
> better for new content we should. If this means that companies have to
> invest in improving their software in order to allow for more granularity
> they should. There is no excuse.

Simple counter-example.  If I'm helping out at the library,
I can accurately determine whether printed materials are in Chinese,
Japanese, or Korean.  I cannot, however, reliably distinguish
written Cantonese from Mandarin.  Consequently, 'zh' would be
the correct tag for me to use.  (If they were audio materials,
I'd be able to fairly accurately identify Mandarin and (less accurately)
Cantonese, but not other falvours of 'zh'.)

But back to the point of this thread: I agree that user interface is
out of scope.  We're concerned with tags for the identification of
languages as protocol elements.

Randy

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Jun  6 11:42:59 2008
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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Randy Presuhn <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
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On Tue, Jun 03, 2008 at 02:11:46PM +0200,
 Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> wrote 
 a message of 21 lines which said:

> Done, [rt.amsl.com #7755] "Content-type attributes dropped on the
> LTRU mailing list"

AMSL reports that the format=flowed bug is fixed. We'll be able to
read Doug Ewell's messages again :-)
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Hi -

Thanks for the update on the ltru@ietf.org mailing list.
I'm sure the folks who like "format=flowed" will appreciate
the news.

Randy

> From: "James M Galvin via RT" <ietf-management@ietf.org>
> To: <OtherRecipients of rt.amsl.com Ticket #7749 :>
> Cc: <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
> Sent: Friday, June 06, 2008 9:02 AM
> Subject: [rt.amsl.com #7749] Mailinglist issue 
>
> On Mon Jun 02 15:39:36 2008, lhs@malform.no wrote:
> 
> >   1. Mailinglist software deletes "format=flowed" from the
> >      content-transfer header field of messages which are
> >      sent to the mailinglist.
> 
> It turns out that Mailman had a known bug.  I was able to find a
> documented bug with patch, which Glen has now installed.
> 
> >   2. Messages have been delayed.
> 
> We have not taken any action with respect to this issue, except that I
> have subscribed to the mailing list and will make a point of observing
> delivery times of messages for a few days.
> 
> My suggestion at the moment is to chalk this up to the vagaries of
> email, or perhaps an isolated incident or two.  I'm sure you can
> appreciate that unless we can identify a consistent pattern or a
> systemic issue it's hard to take any action.
> 
> I'm going to consider this ticket closed for now.  If you do continue to
> see delay problems please do report it to ietf-action@ietf.org.  If it
> continues to happen I'm sure we'll figure out what is going on eventually.
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> Jim
> 

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2008 11:49:04 -0700
Thread-Topic: extlang registration rules... (was Section 2.2.2, etc.)
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In my copy (not posted yet), I implemented the changes Randy proposed to remove the very explicit restriction to 'ar', 'zh' and 'sgn'. The text I propose for the "rules" for registration went into the stability section and reads:

--
<t>Codes assigned by ISO 639-3 MAY also be considered for an extended language subtag registration. Note that they MUST be assigned a primary language subtag record of type 'language' even when an 'extlang' record is proposed. When considering extended language subtag assignment, these criteria apply:

<list>

   <t>Languages whose macrolanguage mapping at the time of their creation that maps to a language that has extended language records assigned SHOULD have an 'extlang' record. For example, any language with a macrolanguage of 'zh' or 'ar'.</t>

   <t>'Extlang' records SHOULD NOT be created for languages if other languages enclosed by the macrolanguage do not also include 'extlang' records. For example, if a new Serbo-Croatian ('sh') language were registered, it would not get an extlang record because other languages enclosed such as Serbian ('sr') do not include one in the registry.</t>

   <t>Sign languages SHOULD have an 'extlang' record with a 'Prefix' of 'sgn'.</t>

   <t>'Extlang' records MUST NOT be created for items already in the registry. Extended language subtags will only be considered at the time of initial registration.</t>

   <t>Extended language subtag records MUST include the fields 'Prefix', 'Deprecated', and 'Preferred-Value' with field-values assigned as described in <xref target="extlang"></xref>.</t>

</list>
</t>
--

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


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To put another nail in the user interface coffin, I'd also add that the rea=
son why I piped up is that my experience tells me that the labels one uses =
in an interface vary significantly depending on

*       the number of language classifications required by the application,
*       whether the labels are being used for classification or retrieval (=
the same data might be best served with different labels in different conte=
xts),
*       the language the user/classifier speaks, and
*       the sophistication of the classifier.

For example, while inverted forms in English may encourage better tagging i=
n some scenarios, a user interface displaying the user's language choice mi=
ght do well to display the language name in standard form. This issue has c=
ome up in many diverse standards bodies I serve and it's important that one=
 understand the difference between UI labels and back-end metadata naming s=
trategies. Assignment of UI labels are usability decisions, not something t=
hat should be standardized.

Cheers,

Karen Broome

>-----Original Message-----
>From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
>Of Randy Presuhn
>Sent: Friday, June 06, 2008 11:41 AM
>To: ltru@ietf.org
>Subject: Re: [Ltru] User interface (was: Re: zh !=3D Mandarin)
>
>Hi -
>
>As a technical contributor...
>
>> From: "Gerard Meijssen" <gerard.meijssen@gmail.com>
>> To: "Martin Duerst" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
>> Cc: <ltru@ietf.org>
>> Sent: Friday, June 06, 2008 4:57 AM
>> Subject: Re: [Ltru] User interface (was: Re: zh !=3D Mandarin)
>...
>> When a person has indicated what language he writes in, it is
>obvious what
>> language you enter in the meta data. It would be Mandarin when it
>is
>> Mandarin, not Chinese.
>>
>> When we consider it not our business to speak about this, we avoid
>> discussing what is key in this whole controversy. Key is that zh,
>ar and sgn
>> exist to allow for the material that has already been tagged. When
>we can do
>> better for new content we should. If this means that companies
>have to
>> invest in improving their software in order to allow for more
>granularity
>> they should. There is no excuse.
>
>Simple counter-example.  If I'm helping out at the library,
>I can accurately determine whether printed materials are in Chinese,
>Japanese, or Korean.  I cannot, however, reliably distinguish
>written Cantonese from Mandarin.  Consequently, 'zh' would be
>the correct tag for me to use.  (If they were audio materials,
>I'd be able to fairly accurately identify Mandarin and (less
>accurately)
>Cantonese, but not other falvours of 'zh'.)
>
>But back to the point of this thread: I agree that user interface is
>out of scope.  We're concerned with tags for the identification of
>languages as protocol elements.
>
>Randy
>
>_______________________________________________
>Ltru mailing list
>Ltru@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru



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<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
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000 2px solid; }</style>
</head>
<body>
<font face=3D"Consolas, monospace" size=3D"2">
<div>To put another nail in the user interface coffin, I'd also add that th=
e reason why I piped up is that my experience tells me that the labels one =
uses in an interface vary significantly depending on </div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<ul style=3D"margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 36pt; ">
<li>the number of language classifications required by the application,</li=
><li>whether the labels are being used for classification or retrieval (the=
 same data might be best served with different labels in different contexts=
), </li><li>the language the user/classifier speaks, and </li><li>the sophi=
stication of the classifier. </li></ul>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>For example, while inverted forms in English may encourage better tagg=
ing in some scenarios, a user interface displaying the user's language choi=
ce might do well to display the language name in standard form. This issue =
has come up in many diverse standards
bodies I serve and it's important that one understand the difference betwee=
n UI labels and back-end metadata naming strategies. Assignment of UI label=
s are usability decisions, not something that should be standardized. </div=
>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Cheers,</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Karen Broome</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&gt;-----Original Message-----</div>
<div>&gt;From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [<a href=3D"mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.o=
rg">mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On Behalf</div>
<div>&gt;Of Randy Presuhn</div>
<div>&gt;Sent: Friday, June 06, 2008 11:41 AM</div>
<div>&gt;To: ltru@ietf.org</div>
<div>&gt;Subject: Re: [Ltru] User interface (was: Re: zh !=3D Mandarin)</di=
v>
<div>&gt;</div>
<div>&gt;Hi -</div>
<div>&gt;</div>
<div>&gt;As a technical contributor...</div>
<div>&gt;</div>
<div>&gt;&gt; From: &quot;Gerard Meijssen&quot; &lt;gerard.meijssen@gmail.c=
om&gt;</div>
<div>&gt;&gt; To: &quot;Martin Duerst&quot; &lt;duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp&gt;<=
/div>
<div>&gt;&gt; Cc: &lt;ltru@ietf.org&gt;</div>
<div>&gt;&gt; Sent: Friday, June 06, 2008 4:57 AM</div>
<div>&gt;&gt; Subject: Re: [Ltru] User interface (was: Re: zh !=3D Mandarin=
)</div>
<div>&gt;...</div>
<div>&gt;&gt; When a person has indicated what language he writes in, it is=
</div>
<div>&gt;obvious what</div>
<div>&gt;&gt; language you enter in the meta data. It would be Mandarin whe=
n it</div>
<div>&gt;is</div>
<div>&gt;&gt; Mandarin, not Chinese.</div>
<div>&gt;&gt;</div>
<div>&gt;&gt; When we consider it not our business to speak about this, we =
avoid</div>
<div>&gt;&gt; discussing what is key in this whole controversy. Key is that=
 zh,</div>
<div>&gt;ar and sgn</div>
<div>&gt;&gt; exist to allow for the material that has already been tagged.=
 When</div>
<div>&gt;we can do</div>
<div>&gt;&gt; better for new content we should. If this means that companie=
s</div>
<div>&gt;have to</div>
<div>&gt;&gt; invest in improving their software in order to allow for more=
</div>
<div>&gt;granularity</div>
<div>&gt;&gt; they should. There is no excuse.</div>
<div>&gt;</div>
<div>&gt;Simple counter-example.&nbsp; If I'm helping out at the library,</=
div>
<div>&gt;I can accurately determine whether printed materials are in Chines=
e,</div>
<div>&gt;Japanese, or Korean.&nbsp; I cannot, however, reliably distinguish=
</div>
<div>&gt;written Cantonese from Mandarin.&nbsp; Consequently, 'zh' would be=
</div>
<div>&gt;the correct tag for me to use.&nbsp; (If they were audio materials=
,</div>
<div>&gt;I'd be able to fairly accurately identify Mandarin and (less</div>
<div>&gt;accurately)</div>
<div>&gt;Cantonese, but not other falvours of 'zh'.)</div>
<div>&gt;</div>
<div>&gt;But back to the point of this thread: I agree that user interface =
is</div>
<div>&gt;out of scope.&nbsp; We're concerned with tags for the identificati=
on of</div>
<div>&gt;languages as protocol elements.</div>
<div>&gt;</div>
<div>&gt;Randy</div>
<div>&gt;</div>
<div>&gt;_______________________________________________</div>
<div>&gt;Ltru mailing list</div>
<div>&gt;Ltru@ietf.org</div>
<div>&gt;https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
</font>
</body>
</html>

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_______________________________________________
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Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2008 14:07:02 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] ISO 639 was RE:  zh != Mandarin
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> ISO 639-6 subtags could be
> placed AFTER the Country Code subtag within the syntax

This is not the case, unless you mean in an extension. Variant subtags that start with a letter must be at least 5 characters long. This distinguishes them from script subtags. I know you're thinking "after a country code", but not all language tags have region codes to insulate the variant from the script subtag's position.

> and with a preceding singleton

This would work, either as an extension or in a private-use sequence.

> or it could be situated as a primary language subtag (as
> the alpha4 position is already reserved).

... with modifications in a 4646ter, yes.

Addison

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 was RE:  zh != Mandarin
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> > ISO 639-6 subtags could be
> > placed AFTER the Country Code subtag within the syntax
> 
> This is not the case, unless you mean in an extension. Variant subtags
> that start with a letter must be at least 5 characters long. This
> distinguishes them from script subtags. I know you're thinking "after a
> country code", but not all language tags have region codes to insulate
> the variant from the script subtag's position.

I have tentatively proposed that in 4646ter, 639-6 code elements that
represent variants (from a 4646 viewpoint) be prefixed with '6' to
make them long enough.  Thus the code element 'zgyu' for Zhongyuanhua
(a dialect of Mandarin) would be "zh-cmn-6zgyu" (or "cmn-6zgyu").

> > or it could be situated as a primary language subtag (as
> > the alpha4 position is already reserved).
> 
> ... with modifications in a 4646ter, yes.

I'd reserve this use for code elements designating languages or
collections that are not in -3 or -5 respectively.

-- 
Take two turkeys, one goose, four               John Cowan
cabbages, but no duck, and mix them             http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
together. After one taste, you'll duck          cowan@ccil.org
soup the rest of your life.
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

>    <t>Languages whose macrolanguage mapping at the time of their
>    creation that maps to a language that has extended language records
>    assigned SHOULD have an 'extlang' record. For example, any language
>    with a macrolanguage of 'zh' or 'ar'.</t>

Okay, that handles "zh-foo" if a new Chinese language 'foo' is added by
the RA.

>    <t>Sign languages SHOULD have an 'extlang' record with a 'Prefix'
>    of 'sgn'.</t

Why only SHOULD?

>    <t>'Extlang' records MUST NOT be created for items already in the
>    registry. Extended language subtags will only be considered at the
>    time of initial registration.</t>

Okay, that allows Voro to become 'et-vor' or whatever.

It seems to me, then, that we should do some more cherry-picking, and
add the four special cases from draft 14 (Konkani, Malay, Swahili,
and Uzbek) to the list of extlangs.  These are cases where a single
developed variant is highly dominant.

That would give us:

	kok-knn (dominant), kok-gom

	ms-zsm (dominant), mly-btj, mly-bve, mly-bvu, mly-coa, mly-hji,
	ms-jax, mly-meo, mly-mqg, ms-mly (deprecated, no direct
	replacement), ms-zlm, ms-xmm, ms-max, ms-mfa, ms-msi, ms-vkt

	sw-swh (dominant), sw-swc

	uz-uzn (dominant), uz-uzs

Of course all these would be allowed as language subtags as well as
extlang subtags.

-- 
If you have ever wondered if you are in hell,         John Cowan
it has been said, then you are on a well-traveled     http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
road of spiritual inquiry.  If you are absolutely     cowan@ccil.org
sure you are in hell, however, then you must be
on the Cross Bronx Expressway.          --Alan Feuer, NYTimes, 2002-09-20
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Date: Fri, 6 Jun 2008 15:10:34 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] extlang registration rules... (was Section 2.2.2, etc.)
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>
> >    <t>Sign languages SHOULD have an 'extlang' record with a
> > 'Prefix' of 'sgn'.</t
>
> Why only SHOULD?

... because we are leaving it up to the registration process to determine inclusion.

>
> It seems to me, then, that we should do some more cherry-picking,
> and
> add the four special cases from draft 14 (Konkani, Malay, Swahili,
> and Uzbek) to the list of extlangs.  These are cases where a single
> developed variant is highly dominant.

Randy had the same opinion. I will make these changes: they seem sensible to me and I can easily reach them from my cherry-picker :-o.

Addison

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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> Randy had the same opinion. I will make these changes: they seem
> sensible to me and I can easily reach them from my cherry-picker :-o.

Just make sure we justify it by applying a general principle, or
the Official Doug will <span lang='en-IN'>condemn us very severely
indeed</span>.

-- 
John Cowan    cowan@ccil.org    http://ccil.org/~cowan
This great college [Trinity], of this ancient university [Cambridge],
has seen some strange sights. It has seen Wordsworth drunk and Porson
sober. And here am I, a better poet than Porson, and a better scholar
than Wordsworth, somewhere betwixt and between.  --A.E. Housman
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Broome, Karen 2008-06-06 20.53:

> To put another nail in the user interface coffin, I'd also add


I demand to open it again.

"User interface" is your tag on this. I spoke about advices for 
how to use the macrolanguage tag.

I don't think that taggers understand MAY and SHOULD - they need 
to understand the issues involved. And what I proposed was not 
absolute in any way.

> that the reason why I piped up is that my experience tells me
> that the labels one uses in an interface vary significantly
> depending on
> 
> * the number of language classifications required by the
> application, * whether the labels are being used for
> classification or retrieval (the same data might be best served
> with different labels in different contexts), * the
> language the user/classifier speaks, and * the
> sophistication of the classifier.

I have no problem understanding this. But I did not speak about 
all these things. I spoke about special issues to be aware of when 
using a macrolanguage tag.

Google has many fine interfaces. Perhaps it is there we shall see 
the 'zh' tag for things labeled as Mandarin first?

> For example, while inverted forms in English may encourage
> better tagging in some scenarios, a user interface displaying
> the user's language choice might do well to display the
> language name in standard form. This issue has come up in many
> diverse standards bodies I serve and it's important that one
> understand the difference between UI labels and back-end


This issue? Which issue? The nittygritty about how to blend the 
macrolanguage tag with the encompassed tags?

> metadata naming strategies. Assignment of UI labels are
> usability decisions, not something that should be standardized.


I can only recommend that you try Mac OS X and see. There 'no' == 
'nb'. Both in the interface (labels). And functionally.

I have probably one of the best, concrete examples of what you 
have been talking about, namely the problem of let the 
macrolanguage tag be seen as equal to one particiular dominant 
encompassed language.
-- 
leif halvard silli


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All, (editor hat ON)

I have updated the editor's copy of draft-15 on inter-locale.

Included in these changes are edits responding to Randy/John's request to make the "dominant language" macrolanguages part of extlang. This required me to edit section 4.1.2 somewhat extensively. In doing this, I made the requirements into a prominent bullet list. I am debating whether to include an expanded version of the (now removed) table of macrolanguages in this or some other section (2.2.2?)

Comments are appreciated.

CHAIRS: when the document changes shape, it is helpful to reviewers and editors to have diffs and so on. I would like to submit draft-15 soon and resume burning integers in an effort to get back to WGLC and or plain-unadorned LC. Any objection?

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

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Thread-Topic: ISO 639 was RE: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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> From: Debbie Garside [mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk]


> ISO 639-6 is not a completely different system, it is an emerging ISO
> standard of the ISO 639 family of standards that can (relatively)
> easily be
> incorporated within RFC4646bis or ter if required...

I'm not meaning to suggest that 639-6 isn't that. But 639-6 on its own is a completely different system from the BCP47 series of specs, and alpha-4 language IDs are a significant change for systems that have only ever known alpha-2 or alpha-3 language IDs. That's all I meant.



Peter
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Leif Halvard Silli


> Broome, Karen 2008-06-06 20.53:
>
> > To put another nail in the user interface coffin, I'd also add
>
>
> I demand to open it again.

I consider user interface out of scope. We have had this discussion in the past when people were concerned about description fields in the registry, and we concluded that UI is out of scope. IMO, we should not re-open this topic.


> I don't think that taggers understand MAY and SHOULD - they need
> to understand the issues involved. And what I proposed was not
> absolute in any way.

Anybody is welcome to write a user's guide to language tagging.


> I can only recommend that you try Mac OS X and see. There 'no' ==
> 'nb'. Both in the interface (labels). And functionally.

I sugguest you take the concern to Apple. This WG should not get involved in policing implementations on things that happen to be tangentially related to language tags.



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Hi -

As co-chair...

> From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
> To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Friday, June 06, 2008 5:01 PM
> Subject: [Ltru] updated draft-15...
...
> CHAIRS: when the document changes shape, it is helpful to
> reviewers and editors to have diffs and so on.

Whole-heartedly agreed.

> I would like to submit draft-15 soon and resume burning integers
> in an effort to get back to WGLC and or plain-unadorned LC.
> Any objection?

No, please submit it. We'll see whether this works out to be something
the WG is able to live with soon enough.  When the list traffic volume
and textual churn go down to a reasonable level, we'll consider resuming
working group last call.

Many thanks to our editors  for sticking with this effort!

Randy

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Subject: [Ltru] Direct links to 369-3 in Section 4.1.1
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Quoting ISO 639-3, the section 3.1.9 givs a "what" and a "how" 
about "macrolanguage" and "encompassed language":

  "clusters of closely-related language varieties that [...] can
   be considered distinct individual languages, yet in certain
   usage contexts a single language identity for all is needed"

Hence, I do not understand what the "what" and the "how" in last 
part of section 4.1.1, paragraph 1 really means. Readeres should 
be directed to ask the questions which 639-3 can help answer 
instead of these big "how-s" and "who-s". The French/Spanish 
example also needs to be balanced. I propose a rewording with a 
more direct backlink to 3.1.9:

OLD TEXT:
  "[...] The Macrolanguage mapping doesn't define what the
   relationship between the encompassed language and its
   macrolanguage is, nor does it define how languages encompassed
   by the same macrolanguage are related to each other. Two
   different languages encompassed by the same macrolanguage may
   differ from one another more than say, French and Spanish do."

NEW TEXT:
  "[...] The Macrolanguage mapping doesn't define *the spesific
   usage contexts where the shared language identity of the
   macrolanguage is needed*, nor does it define *any particular
   degree of relationship between the* languages encompassed by
   the same macrolanague. *This single language identity in
   certain usage contexts does for some macrolanguages mean that
   their encompassed languages possess a high degree of mutual
   intelligibility. For other macrolanguages,* two *particular
   encompassed languages* may differ from one another more than
   say, French and Spanish do."

In paragraph 5, the sentence before "Romaninan/Moldavian" also 
makes me wonder. I've rewritten it to say what I think is meant 
(Even if I think that section 4.1.1 is very repetive.)

NEW TEXT:
  "[...] However, the macrolanguage field does not guarantee such
   a degree of relationship nor is such a degree of relationship
   reserved for the members of a macrolanguage. Romanian ('ro')
   and Moldavian ('mo') do not share any macrolanguage, but [...]"
-- 
leif halvard silli
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Jun  6 23:54:36 2008
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] zh != Mandarin
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Doug Ewell 2008-06-07 02.15:

> Leif Halvard Silli <lhs at malform dot no> wrote:
> 
>> 'Language' was not invented by ISO.
> 
> Sorry, I checked my typing and couldn't find where I said it was.


I can only speak for myself:. When I say "language" then I 
encompass "individual language" and "macrolanguage _language_".

>> Our draft: 'ISO 639-3 labels some languages in the registry as 
>> "macrolanguages"'.
> 
> Correct. "Macrolanguage" is a label, or designation, that is applied to 

> some languages by ISO 639-3/RA, and will be copied into the Language 
> Subtag Registry.

No language = no macrolanguage.

I proposed

  "Romanian ('ro') and Moldavian ('mo')
   do not share *any* macrolanguage"

because all other times the draft says "share *a* macrolanguage", 
then we know that the "a" refers to "one *language* that exists". 
  The "any macrolanguage" helps (me) to connect the wording to a 
"non existing macrolanguge language", and thus it helps me avoid 
associating it with something which *isn't* a language -- like a 
label ...

The "do not share *a* macrolonguage" OTOH, makes it sound as if 
those two, 'ro'/'mo' - and no one else - could potentially have 
been a macrolanguage. Which is something we do not know anything 
about.

Hence "do not share *any* macrolanguage" is best.

> You or I can create any sort of relationship or hierarchy between 
> languages that we want, and call them "metalanguages" or 
> "hyperlanguages" or whatever.  But when we use the term "macrolanguage," 
> we are using an ISO 639-3 term for an ISO 639-3 concept.

'individual' and 'extlang' are in the RFC/ISO's hands as well.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 was RE:  zh != Mandarin
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True :-)

Debbie

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Peter Constable
> Sent: 07 June 2008 01:20
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] ISO 639 was RE: zh != Mandarin
>
> > From: Debbie Garside [mailto:debbie@ictmarketing.co.uk]
>
>
> > ISO 639-6 is not a completely different system, it is an
> emerging ISO
> > standard of the ISO 639 family of standards that can (relatively)
> > easily be incorporated within RFC4646bis or ter if required...
>
> I'm not meaning to suggest that 639-6 isn't that. But 639-6
> on its own is a completely different system from the BCP47
> series of specs, and alpha-4 language IDs are a significant
> change for systems that have only ever known alpha-2 or
> alpha-3 language IDs. That's all I meant.
>
>
>
> Peter
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>
>
>




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Doug Ewell wrote:
> Sort of.  To avoid stating the obvious for 93% of the 
> language subtags,
> perhaps; the "collection" and "macrolanguage" values are exceptions to
> the general rule than language subtags represent individual languages.
> 
> This is moot in any case, since the "Language-Type" field had almost no
> WG support, and the "Scope" field apparently didn't have 
> enough support to make it into the draft either.

I don't know why it didn't go into the current draft. But I did not see 
any major opposition to noting "individual" (default), "macrolanguage",
"collection", and "special" in a field by one name or another (e.g.
"Scope"). There was opposition to including "living", "extict", etc., but
I think that opposition was NOT also an opposition to including a "Scope"
field. (I don't mind the double-linking re. "macrolanguage".)

	/kent k

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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: 'LTRU Working Group' <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Sat, 7 Jun 2008 08:30:45 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Kent Karlsson

> > This is moot in any case, since the "Language-Type" field had almost
> no
> > WG support, and the "Scope" field apparently didn't have
> > enough support to make it into the draft either.
>
> I don't know why it didn't go into the current draft. But I did not see
> any major opposition to noting "individual" (default), "macrolanguage",
> "collection", and "special" in a field by one name or another (e.g.
> "Scope"). There was opposition to including "living", "extict", etc.,
> but
> I think that opposition was NOT also an opposition to including a
> "Scope"
> field. (I don't mind the double-linking re. "macrolanguage".)

I also thought there was some interest in capturing at least "collection" and "special" scope values in an attribute.



Peter
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Subject: [Ltru] Usage contexts
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Peter Constable 2008-06-07 02.30:

>> Behalf Of Leif Halvard Silli> 
>> Broome, Karen 2008-06-06 20.53:
>> 
>>> To put another nail in the user interface coffin, I'd also
>>> add
>> 
>> I demand to open it again.
> 
> I consider user interface out of scope.


I proposed to open the coffin under its real name.

> We have had this

> discussion in the past when people were concerned about
> description fields in the registry, and we concluded that UI is
> out of scope. IMO, we should not re-open this topic.


The key criteria in 639-3 for the 'macrolanguage' designation is 
that for certain "clusters of closely-related language varieties 
[...] in **certain usage contexts** a single language identity for 
all is needed"

And so a focus on "usage contexts" seems appropriate when RFC-ing 
how to use the macrolanguage subtag. Rather than an overfocus on 
whether encompassed languages are good for fallback or not.

I just proposed some changes to section 4.1.1. to alleviate this. 
I hope you find the propoal useful or that you will help improve it.

>> I don't think that taggers understand MAY and SHOULD - they
>> need to understand the issues involved. And what I proposed
>> was not absolute in any way.
> 
> Anybody is welcome to write a user's guide to language tagging.


So let's put the texts you did not like to the side, and and let 
us consentrate on finding the right way to convey to those user 
guide authors, that the language tags for macrolanguages are 
suitable for "certain usage contexts [where] a single language 
identity for all  [encompassed languages of a particular 
macrolanguage] is needed".

Perhaps we should simply have section in the RFC called

    4.1.x Tagging Macrolanguages

?

>> I can only recommend that you try Mac OS X and see. There
>> 'no' == 'nb'. Both in the interface (labels). And
>> functionally.
> 
> I sugguest you take the concern to Apple. This WG should not
> get involved in policing implementations on things that happen
> to be tangentially related to language tags.


Private solutions to common problems? I am sure anyone gets that 
the above was merly an example of what issues it leads to if there 
is no clear guidane regarding "usage context".

Martin allready said that withouth extlang he rather wanted only 
two language tags for Estonian and Voro. I.e. he did not want 
macrolanguage status for Estonian unless there were extlang. It 
seems that Apple has come to the same conclusion ... and so they 
"undid" the macrolanguage tag.

However, for many language situations (such as for Norwegian) 
there is no choice between going for extlang or encompassed 
languages. And for these the issue of 3 tags for 2 languages will 
be confusing unless there is clear guidance about "usage contexts".

Like I said: I was convinced that one either should have extlang 
for all encompassed languages or no extlang at all, in order to 
ensure that there that the problems of *all* the 
macrolanguage/encompassed languages are taken seriously. I changed 
my view to support those that wanted extlang for only some 
languages. (Those "some languges" have since been reduced to "some 
cherry picked languages".)

I suppose that merely having "no" labeled as macrolanguage will be 
of good help - in communication with Vendor X or Tagger Y. But 
please do no not fullfill my original fear that the problems for 
those that did not get a extlang solution would get ignored.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] More on combination type/scope field
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Peter Constable 2008-06-07 17.30:

>> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
>> Behalf Of Kent Karlsson
> 
>>> This is moot in any case, since the "Language-Type" field
>>> had almost
>> no
>>> WG support, and the "Scope" field apparently didn't have 
>>> enough support to make it into the draft either.
>> 
>> I don't know why it didn't go into the current draft. But I
>> did not see any major opposition to noting "individual"
>> (default), "macrolanguage", "collection", and "special" in a
>> field by one name or another (e.g. "Scope"). There was
>> opposition to including "living", "extict", etc., but I think
>> that opposition was NOT also an opposition to including a 
>> "Scope" field. (I don't mind the double-linking re.
>> "macrolanguage".)
> 
> I also thought there was some interest in capturing at least
> "collection" and "special" scope values in an attribute.

I have no strong opinon about the field name(s). But for each 
macrolanguage it should be some field which says "macrolanguage".
-- 
leif halvard silli
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Subject: [Ltru] Section 4.1.x Tagging Macrolanguages/Using the macrolanguage
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I propose that we add a small section called


  4.1.x Tagging Macrolanguages

where we -- without touching any user interface issues -- elaborate on 
what 639-3 says about "usage contexts". The text should say that 
"macrolanguage" designates a usage context where "a single language 
identity for all [encompassed languages] is needed" and that the use of 
the macrolanguage subtag is recommended where there really are such needs.

It should emphasize that the subtag exists because there are real needs 
-- in contexts which differs from macrolanguag to macrolanguage -- to 
designate all encompassed languages with one tag. It should advice 
people to read section 4.1.1. in order to get advice about how to tag 
the *encompassed* languages. And it should tell that unless one follows 
the advices about tagging encompassed language then one will not be able 
to use the macrolanguage tag when the "identity for all" is needed. (For 
Konkani, Malay, Swahili, and Uzbek however, the advice should be that 
for those languages one must break the rule about using the 
macrolanguage tag for the dominant language when or if one needs the 
"single identity for all".)

It should tell that in order to use the tag in accordance with the 
definition in 639-3 -- when "a single language identity for all is 
needed" -- does not mean that the content must be multilingual, perhaps 
making a comparsion to "en" by saying "just like it in some usage 
contexts can be appropriate to avoid the region subtag "GB" when tagging 
British English", againt pointing to the fact that identfying something 
as "en" might be enough in a multlingual context. But if the usage 
context focuses on English, then one may need to be more spesific. The 
same goes for macrolanguage tagging. (The example given by many that 
'zh' migh be appropriate if you are unable to discern between the 
varieties of Chinese, seems appropriate and probably represents a 
"multilingual usage context" - where you need to be able a "rougher" 
tagging.)

Comments? Concrete text proposals?

The main issue for me is that we identify the task of tagging a 
macrolanguage as distinct from the task of tagging an encompassed 
language, assigning a separte section for it. And then I shall always be 
able to live with cutting off anything that you prefer to lable as "user 
interface".
-- 
leif halvard silli
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: ietf-languages@iana.org, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] 'car' in different ISO 639 parts
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> For 'car' we have a unique problem.  ISO 639-5 defines this code element 
> as "Carib languages" and calls it a group (not remainder) code, but ISO 
> 639-2 and 639-3 both define it as "Galibi Carib".  This was officially 
> changed in 639-2 from plain "Carib" on 2006-11-22.  Indeed, 639-3 
> identifies this as an Individual language.  This affects not only the 
> Description fields in the Registry, but also the Scope field if it is 
> ultimately decided to add one.

I bugged the Library of Congress (which is both 639-2/RA and 639-5/RA)
about this one; in the end, only they can decide.

-- 
Mark Twain on Cecil Rhodes:                    John Cowan
I admire him, I freely admit it,               http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
and when his time comes I shall                cowan@ccil.org
buy a piece of the rope for a keepsake.
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] 'car' in different ISO 639 parts
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> >I bugged the Library of Congress (which is both 639-2/RA and 639-5/RA) 
> >about this one; in the end, only they can decide.
> 
> So there is no way to resolve this in draft-4645bis until the Library of 
> Congress reaches a decision?

*shrug*

I assume that the resolution will be to add a new 3-letter code element
for "Carib languages" and retire the old.

If they don't do so in time, clearly the -2/-3 name has to win, simply
because it has priority.  I suspect what happened was that the 639-5
working group simply missed the reassignment.

-- 
Eric Raymond is the Margaret Mead               John Cowan
of the Open Source movement.                    cowan@ccil.org
        --Bruce Perens,                         http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
          some years ago
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] 'car' in different ISO 639 parts
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Hi -

As a technical contributor...

> From: "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>
> To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>; <ietf-languages@iana.org>
> Sent: Sunday, June 08, 2008 10:37 AM
> Subject: [Ltru] 'car' in different ISO 639 parts
...
> because ISO 639-2 calls it simply "Malay" while ISO 639-3, which has to 
> differentiate macrolanguage codes from individual language codes, calls 
> it "Malay (macrolanguage)".  This doesn't pose a problem since the 
> different names seem to refer to the same linguistic concept.

These sound like two different things to me.  I would expect "Malay" to refer
to a subset of the things covered by the "Malay macrolanguage", and would be
very surprised if Malay were the only member of that set.  Do we
know whether they were intended to refer to exactly the same sets of things?

> Now, ISO 639-5 draws a formal distinction between "language groups" and 
> "remainder groups," concepts used in (but not formally defined by) ISO 
> 639-2.  These are identified primarily by the words "languages" or 
> "(Other)" in the ISO 639-2 name.  A code element like 'apa' ("Apache 
> languages") is considered to cover all Apache languages, whereas a code 
> element like 'gem' ("Germanic (Other)") covers only those Germanic 
> languages that do not have an ISO 639-2 code element of their own.  Both 
> the LTRU WG and ietf-languages are familiar with this concept and have 
> discussed it often.
> 
> ISO 639-5 apparently redefines the 639-2 remainder groups to be full 
> language groups, meaning that it considers 'gem' to cover all Germanic 
> languages under 639-5, including those that have their own code, such as 
> German.

This sounds to me like progress.  For the applications I'm familiar with,
"Language groups" are more useful (and more stable) than "remainder groups".

...

To the 'car' question itself, at this point I can only respond "ugh," so
I didn't include ietf-languages@iana.org in my reply.

Randy

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At 06:55 08/06/07, John Cowan wrote:
>Phillips, Addison scripsit:
>
>>    <t>Languages whose macrolanguage mapping at the time of their
>>    creation that maps to a language that has extended language records
>>    assigned SHOULD have an 'extlang' record. For example, any language
>>    with a macrolanguage of 'zh' or 'ar'.</t>
>
>Okay, that handles "zh-foo" if a new Chinese language 'foo' is added by
>the RA.
>
>>    <t>Sign languages SHOULD have an 'extlang' record with a 'Prefix'
>>    of 'sgn'.</t
>
>Why only SHOULD?
>
>>    <t>'Extlang' records MUST NOT be created for items already in the
>>    registry. Extended language subtags will only be considered at the
>>    time of initial registration.</t>
>
>Okay, that allows Voro to become 'et-vor' or whatever.
>
>It seems to me, then, that we should do some more cherry-picking, and
>add the four special cases from draft 14 (Konkani, Malay, Swahili,
>and Uzbek) to the list of extlangs.  These are cases where a single
>developed variant is highly dominant.

[technical hat on] I would strongly favor this.

Regards,    Martin.

>That would give us:
>
>       kok-knn (dominant), kok-gom
>
>       ms-zsm (dominant), mly-btj, mly-bve, mly-bvu, mly-coa, mly-hji,
>       ms-jax, mly-meo, mly-mqg, ms-mly (deprecated, no direct
>       replacement), ms-zlm, ms-xmm, ms-max, ms-mfa, ms-msi, ms-vkt
>
>       sw-swh (dominant), sw-swc
>
>       uz-uzn (dominant), uz-uzs
>
>Of course all these would be allowed as language subtags as well as
>extlang subtags.
>
>-- 
>If you have ever wondered if you are in hell,         John Cowan
>it has been said, then you are on a well-traveled     http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
>road of spiritual inquiry.  If you are absolutely     cowan@ccil.org
>sure you are in hell, however, then you must be
>on the Cross Bronx Expressway.          --Alan Feuer, NYTimes, 2002-09-20
>_______________________________________________
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>Ltru@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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And, as far as I can see, the format-flowed still gets dropped
somewhere. Can anybody confirm that they get the format-flowed
from the mailing list?

Regards,    Martin.

At 10:07 08/06/07, Doug Ewell wrote:
>Randy Presuhn  <randy underscore presuhn at mindspring dot com> wrote: > >> 
>Thanks for the update on the ltru@ietf.org mailing list. >> I'm sure the 
>folks who like "format=flowed" will appreciate >> the news. > >As I said 
>before, it's not something I can control. > >-- >Doug Ewell  *  Arvada, 
>Colorado, USA  *  RFC 4645  *  UTN 
>#14 >http://www.ewellic.org >http://www1.ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html >http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/ietf-languages 
> $B%R+(B>_______________________________________________ >Ltru mailing 
>list >Ltru@ietf.org >https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltr


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     


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On Sun, Jun 08, 2008 at 09:31:21AM +0900,
 Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp> wrote 
 a message of 37 lines which said:

> And, as far as I can see, the format-flowed still gets dropped
> somewhere. 

Yes and I reported it to AMSL (I follow the case and did not find
suitable to report every development to the LTRU mailing list).
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> >
> > This is moot in any case, since the "Language-Type" field had
> almost no
> > WG support, and the "Scope" field apparently didn't have
> > enough support to make it into the draft either.
>
> I don't know why it didn't go into the current draft.

(editor hat ON)

It didn't go into the current version of draft-15 because the editors are still struggling to get the existing set of changes implemented.

(removes editors hat)

Personally, I don't care for mirroring this information. But I'm in the minority on this. I'll attempt to put a 'Scope' field and instructions for its content into draft-15 before I submit it today.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.



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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2008 10:16:52 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Section 4.1.x Tagging Macrolanguages/Using the
	macrolanguage	tag
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Leif Halvard Silli


> It should emphasize that the subtag exists because there are real needs
> -- in contexts which differs from macrolanguag to macrolanguage -- to
> designate all encompassed languages with one tag...
> And it should tell that unless one follows
> the advices about tagging encompassed language then one will not be
> able
> to use the macrolanguage tag when the "identity for all" is needed.

While there may be use in pointing out implications of tagging practice, I want to be careful here not to read more into 639-3 than is intended, which I think this would do.

An application may have a requirement for a single identity "Chinese" (or Malay, etc.) that doesn't differentiate at a more granular level, but not have a need for that to cover all encompassed languages. For example, in the history of 639, there were some that used 'zh' explicitly to cover different encompassed languages but without further means of differentiation (MARC), and some that used 'zh' explicitly to cover different encompassed languages with additional qualifying identifiers allowing each encompassed language to be tagged distinctly (IANA Lang Tag registry). But, there were others (terminologists) that used 'zh' without recognizing that any distinct Chinese varieties exist at all (and, in practice, most tagged content would likely have been Mandarin). The latter "need" a single identify for all Chinese in the sense that their applications assume no internal distinctions are relevant. Their need is *not* for 'zh' to identify content in any and all Chinese varieties.



> It should tell that in order to use the tag in accordance with the
> definition in 639-3 -- when "a single language identity for all is
> needed" -- does not mean that the content must be multilingual...

> (The example given by many that
> 'zh' migh be appropriate if you are unable to discern between the
> varieties of Chinese, seems appropriate and probably represents a
> "multilingual usage context" - where you need to be able a "rougher"
> tagging.)

But as explained above, even in the case of 'zh' one does not have to have a multilingual usage to be using 'zh' in accordance with the cited definition in 639-3.

We can certainly suggest what makes good practice, but we should not over-constrain how people use macrolanguage subtags, and particularly should not suggest that 639-3 imposes constraints it does not intend to impose.



Peter
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> For 'car' we have a unique problem.  ISO 639-5 defines this code
> element
> as "Carib languages" and calls it a group (not remainder) code, but ISO
> 639-2 and 639-3 both define it as "Galibi Carib".

This is an inconsistency in ISO 639 that the JAC should resolve: 639-5 is giving a very different denotation from -2/-3 -- a collection scope versus individual-language scope -- which is something that should never happen.



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Peter Constable scripsit:

> This is an inconsistency in ISO 639 that the JAC should resolve: 639-5
> is giving a very different denotation from -2/-3 -- a collection scope
> versus individual-language scope -- which is something that should
> never happen.

It would be good if the JAC could expedite this.

Does the provision for "rest groups" in 639-5 and their treatment as
full families mean that the effort to remove "(Other)" in 639-2 is a
dead letter now?

-- 
John Cowan  cowan@ccil.org  http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Does anybody want any flotsam? / I've gotsam.
Does anybody want any jetsam? / I can getsam.
        --Ogden Nash, No Doctors Today, Thank You
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Randy Presuhn


> > because ISO 639-2 calls it simply "Malay" while ISO 639-3, which has
> to
> > differentiate macrolanguage codes from individual language codes,
> calls
> > it "Malay (macrolanguage)".  This doesn't pose a problem since the
> > different names seem to refer to the same linguistic concept.
>
> These sound like two different things to me.  I would expect "Malay" to
> refer
> to a subset of the things covered by the "Malay macrolanguage", and
> would be
> very surprised if Malay were the only member of that set.  Do we
> know whether they were intended to refer to exactly the same sets of
> things?

The complete details of what is intended are given below. (This comes from a JAC doc that enumerated problem cases in aligning 639-2 with the draft code table for 639-3.) The JAC never processed this particular item explicitly, and so was tacitly adopted. For purposes of LTRU, while they may sound different, we should assume they are not.


----------------------------------------------------

5.32 Malay

PROBLEM: ISO 639 has [ms/msa/may] "Malay". Ethnologue lists "Malay", also known as
"Bahasa Malaysia". It also lists several other languages that use the name "Malay". Most are nonstandard
languages closely related to Bahasa Malaysia:

- Varieties spoken in Sabah: Banjar (Banjar Malay), Cocos Islands Malay, Sabah Malay
(Bazaar Malay),

- Varieties spoken in Indonesia: Banjar (Banjar Malay), Berau Malay, Bukit Malay, Jambi
Malay, Kota Bangun Kutai Malay, Menadonese Malay, North Moluccan Malay,
Tenggarong Kutai Malay

- Varieties spoken in Thailand: Kedah Malay, Pattani Malay

(Additional note on "Sabah Malay": This is a variety used primarily by speakers of Malayic
languages other than Bahasa Malaysia as second language for communication with speakers of
other varieties. It is not fully developed, and usage is diglossic, with speakers shifting to other
languages for lexica in certain domains.)

There are other languages in the same immediate genetic sub-group as Bahasa Malaysia (the
Local Malay sub-group) that are not listed in Ethnologue as being known by the name "Malay".

Ethnologue also lists "Negeri Sembilan Malay" (spoken in Peninsular Malaysia), which is not
from the Local Malay sub-group but rather from a different sub-group at the same level in the
classification taxonomy. Speakers refer to themselves as "Orang Negeri".

Ethnologue also lists several Malay-based Creoles that use the name "Malay":

    Ambonese Malay (Melayu Ambon), Baba Malay (Straits
    Malay, Chinese Malay), Betawi (Betawi Malay, Jakarta
    Malay), Kupang Malay, Malaccan Creole Malay (Chitties
    Creole Malay), Sri Lankan Creole Malay

Of course, Bahasa Indonesia is also closely related to Bahasa Malaysia.

The MARC Language Code List uses [may] for Bahasa Malaysia and other languages from the
Local Malay sub-group: Enim, Kaya Agung, Lembak, Palembang, Semendo and Siladang (Lubu),
all of which are spoken in Sumatra. MARC also uses [may] for Urak Lawoi', a Malayic language
from a different sub-group than Local Malay that is spoken in Thailand. It also uses [may] for the
Malay-based creoles Ambonese Malay and Betawi.

There are existing software implementations that use [ms/msa/may] for "Malay" (Bahasa
Malaysia) of Malaysia and of Brunei.

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS:

1. Specify denotation of [ms/msa/may] as specifically Bahasa Malaysia; denotation does not
encompass non-standard varieties or Malay-based creoles.

2. Change scope of [ms/msa/may] from I to M; denotation encompasses Bahasa Malaysia
and Sabah Malay (the Local Malay varieties used primarily in Malaysia; would
encompass Bahasa Malaysia as used in Brunei).

3. Change scope of [ms/msa/may] from I to M; denotation encompasses the thirteen
languages from the Local Malay sub-group that use the name "Malay".

4. Change scope of [ms/msa/may] from I to C (ad hoc); denotation encompasses varieties
that are called "Malay", whether Local Malay, other Malayic or Malay-based Creoles,
and whether spoken in Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia or Thailand.

5. Change scope of [ms/msa/may] from I to C (genetic) and change name to "Malay
languages"; denotation encompasses the thirty-eight languages of the Local Malay subgroup.

PROPOSED SOLUTION: Option 3.

----------------------------------------------------


Peter
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 9 Jun 2008 10:45:39 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] 'car' in different ISO 639 parts
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell

> The Carib problem does call in question the status of Malay and the
> other languages in the same boat (Dogri, Konkani, Swahili).  I am sorry
> to see this new can of worms open.

The Carib problem does *not* call other entries into question. We must not take a point error related to 'car' and turn that into a can of worms involving lots of other entries.



Peter
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> From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org]


> > This is an inconsistency in ISO 639 that the JAC should resolve: 639-
> 5
> > is giving a very different denotation from -2/-3 -- a collection
> scope
> > versus individual-language scope -- which is something that should
> > never happen.
>
> It would be good if the JAC could expedite this.

I have raised the issue.


> Does the provision for "rest groups" in 639-5 and their treatment as
> full families mean that the effort to remove "(Other)" in 639-2 is a
> dead letter now?

I'm guessing it might.



Peter
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Language Tag Registry Update Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : Tags for Identifying Languages
	Author(s)       : A. Phillips, M. Davis
	Filename        : draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.txt
	Pages           : 82
	Date            : 2008-06-09

This document describes the structure, content, construction, and
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indicate the language used in an information object.  It also
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At 02:16 08/06/10, Peter Constable wrote:
>> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>> Leif Halvard Silli
>
>
>> It should emphasize that the subtag exists because there are real needs
>> -- in contexts which differs from macrolanguag to macrolanguage -- to
>> designate all encompassed languages with one tag...
>> And it should tell that unless one follows
>> the advices about tagging encompassed language then one will not be
>> able
>> to use the macrolanguage tag when the "identity for all" is needed.
>
>While there may be use in pointing out implications of tagging practice, I 
>want to be careful here not to read more into 639-3 than is intended, which 
>I think this would do.


Nit-picking:

>An application may have a requirement for a single identity "Chinese" (or 
>Malay, etc.) that doesn't differentiate at a more granular level, but not 
>have a need for that to cover all encompassed languages. For example, in 
>the history of 639, there were some that used 'zh' explicitly to cover 
>different encompassed languages but without further means of 
>differentiation (MARC), and some that used 'zh' explicitly to cover 
>different encompassed languages with additional qualifying identifiers 
>allowing each encompassed language to be tagged distinctly (IANA Lang Tag 
>registry). But, there were others (terminologists) that used 'zh' without 
>recognizing that any distinct Chinese varieties exist at all (and, in 
>practice, most tagged content would likely have been Mandarin).

I don't see exactly what the parenthetical expresssion is referring to.
In my understanding, terminologists won't tag content, or would they?
And the fact that most (written!) content was Mandarin anyway would
apply not only to the terminologists, or would it?

>The latter 
>"need" a single identify for all Chinese in the sense that their 

identify -> identity/identifier

Regards,   Martin.

>applications assume no internal distinctions are relevant. Their need is 
>*not* for 'zh' to identify content in any and all Chinese varieties
> .
>
>
>
>> It should tell that in order to use the tag in accordance with the
>> definition in 639-3 -- when "a single language identity for all is
>> needed" -- does not mean that the content must be multilingual...
>
>> (The example given by many that
>> 'zh' migh be appropriate if you are unable to discern between the
>> varieties of Chinese, seems appropriate and probably represents a
>> "multilingual usage context" - where you need to be able a "rougher"
>> tagging.)
>
>But as explained above, even in the case of 'zh' one does not have to have 
>a multilingual usage to be using 'zh' in accordance with the cited 
>definition in 639-3.
>
>We can certainly suggest what makes good practice, but we should not 
>over-constrain how people use macrolanguage subtags, and particularly 
>should not suggest that 639-3 imposes constraints it does not intend to impose.
>
>
>
>Peter
>_______________________________________________
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>Ltru@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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To: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
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> From: Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp]


> >An application may have a requirement for a single identity "Chinese"
> (or
> >Malay, etc.) that doesn't differentiate at a more granular level, but
> not
> >have a need for that to cover all encompassed languages. For example,
> in
> >the history of 639, there were some that used 'zh' explicitly to cover
> >different encompassed languages but without further means of
> >differentiation (MARC), and some that used 'zh' explicitly to cover
> >different encompassed languages with additional qualifying identifiers
> >allowing each encompassed language to be tagged distinctly (IANA Lang
> Tag
> >registry). But, there were others (terminologists) that used 'zh'
> without
> >recognizing that any distinct Chinese varieties exist at all (and, in
> >practice, most tagged content would likely have been Mandarin).
>
> I don't see exactly what the parenthetical expresssion is referring to.

Instances/examples.


> In my understanding, terminologists won't tag content, or would they?

Well, ISO 639-1 was developed by a committee whose primary focus at the time was terminology.



Peter

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I've just changed the default Content-Type of
<http://www.langtag.net/> from text/html to application/xhtml+xml (the
files have always been in XHTML).

This follows RFC 3236, and <http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-media-types/>.

You're welcome to report any problem, issue, etc (yes, I know this is
a hot topic and flame-prone).
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
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Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2008 12:51:21 -0700
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For those who missed it, draft-15 was posted last night by IETF. The various copies are also posted on inter-locale. You can view the editor's copies here:

  http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.txt
  http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.html
  http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.xml

The diffs are:

  http://tinyurl.com/3whwwg (hwdiff)
  http://tinyurl.com/54zlqq (side-by-side)

The 'Scope' field is in (the text is, obviously, provisional).

Addison (for the Editors)

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


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On Tue, Jun 10, 2008 at 10:24:23AM +0200,
 Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> wrote 
 a message of 12 lines which said:

> I've just changed the default Content-Type of
> <http://www.langtag.net/> from text/html to application/xhtml+xml
> (the files have always been in XHTML).

OK, I went back. MSIE does not know what to do with the standard
Content-Type and just suggests to save the file (!)

Standards are good but it is better when it works :-(
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2008 13:50:09 -0700
Thread-Topic: draft-16 (editor's copy) posted...
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All,

(editor hat ON)

I have just posted the editor's copy of draft-16 on inter-locale. Note that Mark and I did some typo-fixing. I also made some more changes to the Scope section per some messages on the thread that I had missed (about making individual the default value). Diff links are available. Check it out.

(editor hat OFF)

Co-chairs: does draft-15 represent the rough consensus position of the WG on the extlang mess?

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> For those who missed it, draft-15 was posted last night by IETF. The
> various copies are also posted on inter-locale. You can view the
> editor's copies here:

Arrgh.  I was just about to post comments against -15 when you told us
you just posted -16.  I diffed it and merged the lists.

3.1.2: In "The values permitted in this field are 'individual',
'macrolanguage', 'collection', or 'special'.", s/or/and/.

3.1.10 under 'collection': s/enclosed languages/languages that belong
to it/; s/historical/historical, geographical/.

3.1.10: s/will have a Scope of 'macrolanguage'/& and vice versa/.

3.4, bullet points 12.1, 12.3.2 (twice), also 3.5:
s/enclosed/encompassed/.

3.4, bullet point 12.1: s/cannot be extended/cannot be given extended/.

3.4, bullet point 12.3.1: confusing, reword something like this:

	If a language has a macrolanguage mapping, and the macrolanguage
	has other encompassed languages with extended language subtags
	assigned, then the new language should have an 'extlang' record
	as well.  For example, any language with a macrolanguage of 'zh'
	or 'ar'.

4.1.1: freak "#&12288;" in plain text.

4.1.2: In "Malay ('ms') or Uzbek", s/or/and.

4.1.2 third bullet point:  s/langauge/language/.

4.1.2: s/spoken and the written/spoken, and the written/; s/is spoken
commonly/is commonly spoken/.

4.1.2 last graf: remove "Sign languages also provide this mechanism."
and the paragraph break before it, and add to the end:

	"sgn-US" used to mean American Sign Language specifically, without
	reference to the United States, is still valid but deprecated.

8: s/many more languages and dialects/many more language collections
and languages/.

-- 
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John Cowan scripsit:

> 	"sgn-US" used to mean American Sign Language specifically, without
> 	reference to the United States, is still valid but deprecated.

Yeah, umm, let's make that s/"sgn-US" used/"sgn-US", when used/.

-- 
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may smell as sweet,                                 http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
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you'd get cooks very confused.          --RMS
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-16 (editor's copy) posted...
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> Co-chairs: does draft-15 represent the rough consensus position of
> the WG on the extlang mess?

Reading -16 for -15:  IANACC, but I don't think we have consensus on
whether to deprecate zh-cmn for cmn and zh-yue for yue, or to deprecate
cmn for zh-cmn and yue for zh-yue.  -16 says the latter, I say the
former.  I think there is (reluctant) consensus on having both of them
and deprecating one.

I think we need another straw poll, and I propose this one to the chairs:

Plan 1:  Include both zh-cmn and cmn, and both zh-yue and yue, etc.,
but deprecate zh-cmn in favor of cmn and zh-yue in favor of yue, etc.

	A) I prefer this plan.
	B) I can live with this plan.
	C) I cannot live with this plan.

Plan 2:  Include both zh-cmn and cmn, and both zh-yue and yue, etc.,
but deprecate cmn in favor of zh-cmn and yue in favor of zh-yue, etc.

	A) I prefer this plan.
	B) I can live with this plan.
	C) I cannot live with this plan.

-- =

H=EDggledy-p=ECggledy / XML programmers            John Cowan
Try to escape those / I-eighteen-N woes;        http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Incontrovertibly / What we need more of is      cowan@ccil.org
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At this point, I think it would be best to just find out just a thumbs up or
thumbs down on the following question:

Can you live with draft 15 as the basis* for going forward?


For my part, the answer is: yes

Mark

==========

* subject to some further wordsmithing, refining Scope, etc.

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<div>At this point, I think it would be best to just find out just a thumbs up or thumbs down on the following question:</div><div><br></div><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; padding: 0px;">
Can you live with draft 15 as the basis* for going forward?<br></blockquote><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; padding: 0px;"><br></blockquote>For my part, the answer is: yes<br>
<div><br>Mark&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>==========</div><div><br></div><div>* subject to some further wordsmithing, refining Scope, etc.</div>

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(editor hat ON)

> Arrgh.  I was just about to post comments against -15 when you told
> us you just posted -16.  I diffed it and merged the lists.

Draft-16 exists to receive edits :-).

>
> 3.1.2: In "The values permitted in this field are 'individual',
> 'macrolanguage', 'collection', or 'special'.", s/or/and/.

DONE.

>
> 3.1.10 under 'collection': s/enclosed languages/languages that
> belong
> to it/; s/historical/historical, geographical/.

DONE and DONE.

>
> 3.1.10: s/will have a Scope of 'macrolanguage'/& and vice versa/.

DONE.

>
> 3.4, bullet points 12.1, 12.3.2 (twice), also 3.5:
> s/enclosed/encompassed/.

DONE.

>
> 3.4, bullet point 12.1: s/cannot be extended/cannot be given
> extended/.

DONE.

>
> 3.4, bullet point 12.3.1: confusing, reword something like this:
>
>         If a language has a macrolanguage mapping, and the
> macrolanguage
>         has other encompassed languages with extended language
> subtags
>         assigned, then the new language should have an 'extlang'
> record
>         as well.  For example, any language with a macrolanguage of
> 'zh'
>         or 'ar'.

DONE. Text reads:

<t>If a language has a macrolanguage mapping, and that macrolanguage has other encompassed languages that are assigned extended language subtags, then the new language SHOULD have an 'extlang' record assigned to it as well. For example, any language with a macrolanguage of 'zh' or 'ar'.</t>
>
> 4.1.1: freak "#&12288;" in plain text.

Fixed. My IME hates me.

>
> 4.1.2: In "Malay ('ms') or Uzbek", s/or/and.

DONE.
>
> 4.1.2 third bullet point:  s/langauge/language/.

Found and replaced two occurrences.
>
> 4.1.2: s/spoken and the written/spoken, and the written/; s/is
> spoken
> commonly/is commonly spoken/.

DONE.

>
> 4.1.2 last graf: remove "Sign languages also provide this
> mechanism."
> and the paragraph break before it, and add to the end:
>
>         "sgn-US" used to mean American Sign Language specifically,
> without
>         reference to the United States, is still valid but
> deprecated.

Some of the other 'sgn' languages have this problem also. Text now reads (omitting first part of graf):

--
A number of sign languages also had grandfathered tags registered for them during the RFC 3066 era. For example, the grandfathered tag "sgn-US" used to mean 'American Sign Language' specifically, without reference to the United States. This is still valid, but deprecated: a document in American Sign Language can be labeled either "ase" or "sgn-ase" (the 'ase' subtag is for the language called 'American Sign Language').
--

>
> 8: s/many more languages and dialects/many more language
> collections
> and languages/.

Good, although I reversed the pair to be "... many more languages and language collections." This puts the emphasis where it more properly belongs, I think.

Addison

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2008 16:01:45 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] draft-16 (editor's copy) posted...
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>
> Reading -16 for -15:  IANACC, but I don't think we have consensus
> on
> whether to deprecate zh-cmn for cmn and zh-yue for yue, or to
> deprecate
> cmn for zh-cmn and yue for zh-yue.  -16 says the latter, I say the
> former.  I think there is (reluctant) consensus on having both of
> them
> and deprecating one.


(editor hat OFF)

The text in draft-15/16 was created based on the text in the various email threads. I don't recall seeing one from you advocating the other direction of deprecation, but that may be faulty memory on my part. I think that the direction doesn't matter as much as the fact of deprecation.

My vote on your straw poll would be 1:A 2:B because I think that xx-yyy => yyy is easier to explain, understand, adapt to my existing systems, and process.

Addison
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From: Shawn Steele <Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>, "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2008 16:05:51 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
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A item...

I'd like to see it a little stronger that the more specific Mandarin/Cantonese tag SHOULD be used although the less specific zh Chinese flag MAY be used if necessary.  -15 goes to great length to state that zh MAY be used, however I didn't see it clearly say that the more specific tag SHOULD be used if possible.

- Shawn
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
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Hi Shawn,

Please suggest specific text for a specific location or locations. This makes the editors' lives easier.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Shawn Steele [mailto:Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, June 10, 2008 4:06 PM
> To: John Cowan; Phillips, Addison
> Cc: 'LTRU Working Group'
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
>
> A item...
>
> I'd like to see it a little stronger that the more specific
> Mandarin/Cantonese tag SHOULD be used although the less specific zh
> Chinese flag MAY be used if necessary.  -15 goes to great length to
> state that zh MAY be used, however I didn't see it clearly say that
> the more specific tag SHOULD be used if possible.
>
> - Shawn
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 10 Jun 2008 21:10:08 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] draft-16 (editor's copy) posted...
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(editor hat ON)
>
> Thanks for making this change; it saved me from having to write
> (and the
> group from having to delete) a big long screed about the silliness
> of
> adding "Scope: individual" to 7,641 language and extlang subtags
> (97.7
> percent of the total).

At your service...

>
> I note that draft-16 still allows "Scope: individual" as a no-op,
> which
> still seems a bit silly, but I can ignore that.

This is mostly to allow an erroneous entry with a status other than individual to be replaced with a positive registration of type 'individual'.

>
> Not that I mind, but was it a conscious decision to omit the word
> "local" (or "reserved" or "private") for the "qaa..qtz" record?

Not conscious. I can add it in the next editor copy (tomorrow). Is 'private' or 'private-use' good enough? 'reserved' gives the wrong impression, I think, and 'local' is somewhat non-specific.

>
> John Cowan <cowan at ccil dot org> wrote:
>
> > 3.1.10: s/will have a Scope of 'macrolanguage'/& and vice versa/.
>
> I think "vice versa" here is intended to mean "Many of the language
> subtags with a Scope of 'macrolanguage' will be prefixes for
> extended
> language subtags (although some will not)."  This is true only for
> small
> values of "many" and large values of "some"; only "sgn" plus six of
> the
> 57 macrolanguages will be extlang prefixes.

See the specific text in draft-16. I didn't add "and vice versa" explicitly.

>
>
> Mark Davis <mark dot davis at icu dash project dot org> wrote:
>
> > At this point, I think it would be best to just find out just a
> thumbs
> > up or thumbs down on the following question:
> >
> > Can you live with draft 15 as the basis* for going forward?
> d
> I prefer the "Scope" treatment in -16 over -15.

Since 'scope' is new, I would be surprised if some editing weren't required.

> I suspect most of
> the
> other -16 changes will be minor editorial tweaks, like changing
> "enclosed" to "encompassed," though I guess the Mandarin MAY/SHOULD
> debate still isn't dead.
>

(editor hat OFF)

The Mandarin MAY/SHOULD and related debates do need to be resolved, though. As indicated, I can live with either direction of deprecation, but I don't think I can live with co-equal representations.

Addison
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On Tue, Jun 10, 2008 at 04:05:51PM -0700,
 Shawn Steele <Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com> wrote 
 a message of 9 lines which said:

> -15 goes to great length to state that zh MAY be used, however I
> didn't see it clearly say that the more specific tag SHOULD be used if
> possible.

That's not the way I read it.

>From -15 :

> This primary language subtag is RECOMMENDED for forming the language
> tag.

> while the primary language subtag ('gan', 'yue', 'cmn') is preferred
> to using the extended language form ("zh-gan", "zh-yue", "zh-cmn").

> The more specific encompassed language subtag SHOULD be used to form
> the language tag, although either the macrolanguage's primary
> language subtag or the encompassed language's subtag MAY be used.

What else do you want?
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
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Some ABNF-bashing:

The -14 draft had

   "no-bok" / "no-nyn"
 / "zh-cmn" / "zh-cmn-Hans" / "zh-cmn-Hant" / "zh-gan"     
 / "zh-min" / "zh-min-nan" / "zh-wuu" / "zh-yue"

as 'irregular', while for the new -15 draft these are all "regular",
i.e. covered by other (reinstated) parts of the grammar. In particular,
except for the script subtags:

     extlang       = "-" 3ALPHA             ; selected ISO 639 codes  
                     *2[ "-" 3ALPHA]        ; permanently reserved 

But 'bok' and 'nyn' aren't 639 codes (in particular not for nb/nn),
and while 'min' is in 639, it stands for a language unrelated to the
one intended by 'zh-min'. Further, in  zh-min-nan, the nan part goes
into the second extlang part which is said to be "permanently reserved".

While this might not affect registry entries, this grammar is confusing
and very far from my liking. Please keep these problem cases ("no-bok" /
"no-nyn" / "zh-min" / "zh-min-nan") as "irregular" even if they are also
(incorrectly) covered by other parts of the grammar, noting that the
"regular" part of the grammar MUST NOT be used for these problem cases.

Note that the 'irregular' tags don't allow for adding script code,
region code, variant codes, extension codes, or private use codes.

B.t.w. I'd like to see the non-extlang versions of the now introduced
extended double-coding to be the preferred coding. Indeed, I would
still prefer to go back to the -14 grammar, and no extlangs at all.

	/kent k


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Phillips, Addison
> Sent: Tuesday, June 10, 2008 9:51 PM
> To: 'LTRU Working Group'; 'LTRU Working Group'
> Subject: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
> 
> For those who missed it, draft-15 was posted last night by 
> IETF. The various copies are also posted on inter-locale. You 
> can view the editor's copies here:
> 
>   http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.txt
>   http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.html
>   http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-15.xml
> 
> The diffs are:
> 
>   http://tinyurl.com/3whwwg (hwdiff)
>   http://tinyurl.com/54zlqq (side-by-side)
> 
> The 'Scope' field is in (the text is, obviously, provisional).
> 
> Addison (for the Editors)
> 
> Addison Phillips
> Globalization Architect -- Lab126
> 
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> 

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At 17:39 08/06/11, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:

>From -15 :
>
>> This primary language subtag is RECOMMENDED for forming the language
>> tag.
>
>> while the primary language subtag ('gan', 'yue', 'cmn') is preferred
>> to using the extended language form ("zh-gan", "zh-yue", "zh-cmn").
>
>> The more specific encompassed language subtag SHOULD be used to form
>> the language tag, although either the macrolanguage's primary
>> language subtag or the encompassed language's subtag MAY be used.
>
>What else do you want?

Slightly unrelated, but I'd want some examples in the last paragraph.
Terms such as "macrolanguage's primary language subtag" are easiest
to understand for a large number of people simply by looking at examples.
Also, I'd note that the above text doesn't distinguish between using
"zh" and "zh-something", i.e. no preference is given.



#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2008 14:33:25 +0200
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On Tue, Jun 10, 2008 at 02:36:45PM -0700,
 Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org> wrote 
 a message of 46 lines which said:

> At this point, I think it would be best to just find out just a thumbs up or
> thumbs down on the following question:
> 
> Can you live with draft 15 as the basis* for going forward?

Allow me first to summary what I understood of extlangs in -15. This
summary is here to help me, but if others find it useful, great (and
if I misunderstood, please open fire immediately):

********************************

Some (cherry-picked) encompassed languages will have a 'Type: extlang'
entry in the LSR, together with a 'Type: language' entry for the same
subtag.

If qzz is registered that way, with a 'Prefix: qa', both qa-qzz and
qzz are valid tags but the latter is the recommended form (the former
being deprecated at birth).

Macrolanguage information is stored in the registry but there is no
simple relationship between macrolanguages and extlangs.

********************************

If so, yes, I can live with it.

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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> But 'bok' and 'nyn' aren't 639 codes (in particular not for nb/nn),
> and while 'min' is in 639, it stands for a language unrelated to the
> one intended by 'zh-min'. Further, in  zh-min-nan, the nan part goes
> into the second extlang part which is said to be "permanently reserved".

Nevertheless, we don't want an ambiguous grammar.  The grammar of RFC
4646 is ambiguous (it provides more than one way to parse "abc-def-ghi")
and excessive (it accepts things like "abcde-abcde-abcde"), and it has
in fact confused parser writers in the past.  By clearly distinguishing
between syntactically irregular and semantically grandfathered tags
(all irregular tags are grandfathered, but not all grandfathered tags
are irregular) we achieve a clean separation of syntax and semantics.
This is a Good Thing.

> While this might not affect registry entries, this grammar is confusing
> and very far from my liking. Please keep these problem cases ("no-bok" /
> "no-nyn" / "zh-min" / "zh-min-nan") as "irregular" even if they are also
> (incorrectly) covered by other parts of the grammar, noting that the
> "regular" part of the grammar MUST NOT be used for these problem cases.

That's what we did in RFC 4646, and it was *more* confusing.

> Note that the 'irregular' tags don't allow for adding script code,
> region code, variant codes, extension codes, or private use codes.

That is deliberate.  They are grandfathered, not productive, and at
the end of this process essentially all of them will be deprecated,
with productive replacements.  All this irregularity and grandfathering
is backward compatibility cruft, and we don't want to make more of it
than history requires us to.

-- 
Knowledge studies others / Wisdom is self-known;      John Cowan
Muscle masters brothers / Self-mastery is bone;       cowan@ccil.org
Content need never borrow / Ambition wanders blind;   http://ccil.org/~cowan
Vitality cleaves to the marrow / Leaving death behind.    --Tao 33 (Bynner)
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On Wed, Jun 11, 2008 at 07:28:06AM -0600,
 Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org> wrote 
 a message of 7 lines which said:

> Tags like "no-bok" are syntactically regular, but semantically
> irregular:

The politically correct terms would be "Tags like 'no-bok' are
well-formed but invalid".

> I don't know if ABNF is supposed to capture that. 

No, it cannot, in the same way that it cannot capture that ar-Cyrl-CP
is absurd.


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On Tue, Jun 10, 2008 at 01:50:09PM -0700,
 Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com> wrote 
 a message of 23 lines which said:

> I have just posted the editor's copy of draft-16 on inter-locale. 

One editorial issue, I do not find a clear link between "Extended
language subtag" and "extlang". A "clean slate" reader may spend some
time before discovering it is the same thing.




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On Tue, Jun 10, 2008 at 01:50:09PM -0700,
 Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com> wrote 
 a message of 23 lines which said:

> I have just posted the editor's copy of draft-16 on inter-locale. 

extlang       = "-" 3ALPHA             ; selected ISO 639 codes
                *2[ "-" 3ALPHA]        ; permanently reserved

Why adding the second term to the ABNF at all, since the later text
prevents more than one extlang? In drafts -10 to -14, we removed the
extlang production (thus making formerly wellformed but invalid tags
not wellformed). Why not only the first term, "-" 3ALPHA ?
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Stephane Bortzmeyer scripsit:

> Why adding the second term to the ABNF at all, since the later text
> prevents more than one extlang? In drafts -10 to -14, we removed the
> extlang production (thus making formerly wellformed but invalid tags
> not wellformed). Why not only the first term, "-" 3ALPHA ?

It gives last-call reviewers, who hate backward incompatibilities
no matter how theoretical, one fewer thing to howl about.  Consider it
a backward-compatibility wart.

-- 
You're a brave man! Go and break through the            John Cowan
lines, and remember while you're out there              cowan@ccil.org
risking life and limb through shot and shell,           http://ccil.org/~cowan
we'll be in here thinking what a sucker you are!
        --Rufus T. Firefly
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John Cowan wrote:
> 
> Kent Karlsson scripsit:
> 
> > But 'bok' and 'nyn' aren't 639 codes (in particular not for nb/nn),
> > and while 'min' is in 639, it stands for a language unrelated to the
> > one intended by 'zh-min'. Further, in  zh-min-nan, the nan part goes
> > into the second extlang part which is said to be "permanently reserved".
> 
> Nevertheless, we don't want an ambiguous grammar.  The grammar of RFC
> 4646 is ambiguous (it provides more than one way to parse "abc-def-ghi")

But not in draft -14 for 4646bis, which does not allow that in general,
but allows similar codes in exceptional cases (grandfathered and irregular).

> and excessive (it accepts things like "abcde-abcde-abcde"), and it has

4646bis still allows that; registered primary language 'abcde' (out of which
we so far have none registered) followed by two variants 'abcde'.

> in fact confused parser writers in the past.  By clearly distinguishing
> between syntactically irregular and semantically grandfathered tags

The syntax in draft -14 for 4646bis did...

> (all irregular tags are grandfathered, but not all grandfathered tags
> are irregular) we achieve a clean separation of syntax and semantics.
> This is a Good Thing.
> 
> > While this might not affect registry entries, this grammar is confusing
> > and very far from my liking. Please keep these problem cases ("no-bok" /
> > "no-nyn" / "zh-min" / "zh-min-nan") as "irregular" even if they are also
> > (incorrectly) covered by other parts of the grammar, noting that the
> > "regular" part of the grammar MUST NOT be used for these problem cases.
> 
> That's what we did in RFC 4646, and it was *more* confusing.

I was referring to 4646bis draft -14, which I think got this right.
But now, for no good reason that I can see, we have reinstated extlang,
leading to these problems.

> > Note that the 'irregular' tags don't allow for adding script code,
> > region code, variant codes, extension codes, or private use codes.
> 
> That is deliberate.  They are grandfathered, not productive, and at
> the end of this process essentially all of them will be deprecated,
> with productive replacements.  All this irregularity and grandfathering
> is backward compatibility cruft, and we don't want to make more of it
> than history requires us to.

I still contend that the grammar in -15 is misleading, in a "Bad Way".

I still suggest to restore the four problem tags as 'irregular', and for
the extlang I suggest to add a comment to the production like this:

     extlang       = "-" 3ALPHA             ; selected ISO 639 codes,
                                              '-bok', '-nyn', and '-min'
                                              are not allowed to match
                     *2[ "-" 3ALPHA]        ; permanently reserved

While that is informal, it can be formally excluded by accompaning
normative text (next paragraph in this email). It could be built into
the ABNF productions, but that would become very lengthy (and confusing).

| For the first extlang production, '-bok', '-nyn', and '-min'
| MUST NOT match.

Ok, that excludes 'bok', 'nyn', and 'min as *extlangs* not only for 'no'
but also for 'zh' and other extlang taking primary language codes. I don't
see that as a problem, since 'bok', 'nyn', and 'min' will be registered as
individual languages, not extlangs, via 4645bis. This solution also implies
excluding 'nan' as a second extlang item when parsing "zh-min-nan".

	/kent k

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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
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Stephane Bortzmeyer scripsit:

> The politically correct terms would be "Tags like 'no-bok' are
> well-formed but invalid".

Sort of.  The irregular tags would not be well-formed if they were not
specially provided for in the BNF and the registry.  The grandfathered
but not irregular tags would be well-formed and not valid if they were
not specially provided for in the registry.  Since they are provided for,
they are all well-formed and valid.

-- 
John Cowan    http://ccil.org/~cowan    cowan@ccil.org
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Date: Wed, 11 Jun 2008 08:01:24 -0700
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>
> On Wed, Jun 11, 2008 at 07:28:06AM -0600,
>  Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org> wrote
>  a message of 7 lines which said:
>
> > Tags like "no-bok" are syntactically regular, but semantically
> > irregular:
>
> The politically correct terms would be "Tags like 'no-bok' are
> well-formed but invalid".
>

Ur... not exactly. "no-bok" is well-formed and valid. What it isn't is composed of subtags with independent meaning. That is, it is semantically irregular.

In fact, the subtag 'bok' will mean the language "Bonjo" as a primary language subtag. The tag "no-bok" does not mean Norwegian Bonjo.

Addison
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To: Kent Karlsson <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> But not in draft -14 for 4646bis, which does not allow that in general,
> but allows similar codes in exceptional cases (grandfathered and irregular).

There is no difference in principle between -14 and -15.  Each has a list
of irregular tags in the BNF for grandfathered tags that would otherwise
not be well-formed.  Each has many grandfathered tags that are well-formed
but would not be valid (e.g. "zh-hakka", which is a language, not a
language variant).  Expanding the BNF, as -15 does, necessarily shrinks
the list of irregular tags.  (It so happens that it shrinks the list of
grandfathered tags as well; e.g. "zh-yue" is no longer grandfathered.)

> > and excessive (it accepts things like "abcde-abcde-abcde"), and it has
> 
> 4646bis still allows that; registered primary language 'abcde' (out of
> which we so far have none registered) followed by two variants 'abcde'.

My bad: "abc-abcd-ab", then, which is accepted by the 4646 BNF as a
grandfathered tag, though there is no grandfathered tag of that form.

> > By clearly distinguishing
> > between syntactically irregular and semantically grandfathered tags
> 
> The syntax in draft -14 for 4646bis did...

As does the syntax in -15.

> But now, for no good reason that I can see, we have reinstated extlang,
> leading to these problems.

If you don't like extlangs, you don't.  But that's a separate issue
from the notion that the irregular list should contain all those
and only those tags that are grandfathered valid but not generated
by the BNF.

> > > Note that the 'irregular' tags don't allow for adding script code,
> > > region code, variant codes, extension codes, or private use codes.
> > 
> > That is deliberate.  They are grandfathered, not productive, and at
> > the end of this process essentially all of them will be deprecated,
> > with productive replacements.  All this irregularity and grandfathering
> > is backward compatibility cruft, and we don't want to make more of it
> > than history requires us to.
> 
> I still contend that the grammar in -15 is misleading, in a "Bad Way".
> 
> I still suggest to restore the four problem tags as 'irregular', and for
> the extlang I suggest to add a comment to the production like this:
> 
>      extlang       = "-" 3ALPHA             ; selected ISO 639 codes,

If you plant enough exclusions and inclusions in the BNF, you can probably
gerrymander the whole irregular list (and maybe the grandfathered list)
out of existence.  But then you've lost track of what the BNF is *about*.

The BNF allows you to determine which tags are well-formed, but the point
of being well-formed is that once you have excluded the fixed list of
grandfathered tags, you can dissect a tag into its subtags and understand
what each subtag is for (language, extlang, script, region, variant,
private-use or registered extension) *without* looking at the registry.
The more crap there is in the BNF, the harder that is to do.

-- 
Samuel Johnson on playing the violin:           John Cowan
"Difficult do you call it, Sir?                 cowan@ccil.org
 I wish it were impossible."                    http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
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John Cowan wrote:

> > > By clearly distinguishing
> > > between syntactically irregular and semantically grandfathered tags
> > 
> > The syntax in draft -14 for 4646bis did...
> 
> As does the syntax in -15.

No, it does not. "Semantically irregular" tags are parsed as if they
are "syntactically regular". I find that to be a "Bad Thing".

> If you plant enough exclusions and inclusions in the BNF, you can probably
> gerrymander the whole irregular list (and maybe the grandfathered list)
> out of existence. 

I did not suggest that (though I'm not quite sure what you mean here).

>                 But then you've lost track of what the BNF is *about*.
>
> The BNF allows you to determine which tags are well-formed, but the point
> of being well-formed is that once you have excluded the fixed list of
> grandfathered tags, you can dissect a tag into its subtags and understand
> what each subtag is for (language, extlang, script, region, variant,
> private-use or registered extension) *without* looking at the registry.
> The more crap there is in the BNF, the harder that is to do.

My point is that one should be able to correctly parse the input WITHOUT
looking at the registry, not even need to look up grandfathered tags in
the registry (which of course still should be in the registry).

'bok', 'nyn', and 'min' aren't extlangs in any way, even though they
come after the primary language in *valid* tags, and they should not be
parsed as if they were extlangs. I would rather have an ambigous grammar,
than one that is outright wrong, falsely parsing those items as extlangs.

		/kent k

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I strongly agree with John.

Mark

On Wed, Jun 11, 2008 at 6:45 AM, John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org> wrote:

> Kent Karlsson scripsit:
>
> > But 'bok' and 'nyn' aren't 639 codes (in particular not for nb/nn),
> > and while 'min' is in 639, it stands for a language unrelated to the
> > one intended by 'zh-min'. Further, in  zh-min-nan, the nan part goes
> > into the second extlang part which is said to be "permanently reserved".
>
> Nevertheless, we don't want an ambiguous grammar.  The grammar of RFC
> 4646 is ambiguous (it provides more than one way to parse "abc-def-ghi")
> and excessive (it accepts things like "abcde-abcde-abcde"), and it has
> in fact confused parser writers in the past.  By clearly distinguishing
> between syntactically irregular and semantically grandfathered tags
> (all irregular tags are grandfathered, but not all grandfathered tags
> are irregular) we achieve a clean separation of syntax and semantics.
> This is a Good Thing.
>
> > While this might not affect registry entries, this grammar is confusing
> > and very far from my liking. Please keep these problem cases ("no-bok" /
> > "no-nyn" / "zh-min" / "zh-min-nan") as "irregular" even if they are also
> > (incorrectly) covered by other parts of the grammar, noting that the
> > "regular" part of the grammar MUST NOT be used for these problem cases.
>
> That's what we did in RFC 4646, and it was *more* confusing.
>
> > Note that the 'irregular' tags don't allow for adding script code,
> > region code, variant codes, extension codes, or private use codes.
>
> That is deliberate.  They are grandfathered, not productive, and at
> the end of this process essentially all of them will be deprecated,
> with productive replacements.  All this irregularity and grandfathering
> is backward compatibility cruft, and we don't want to make more of it
> than history requires us to.
>
> --
> Knowledge studies others / Wisdom is self-known;      John Cowan
> Muscle masters brothers / Self-mastery is bone;       cowan@ccil.org
> Content need never borrow / Ambition wanders blind;
> http://ccil.org/~cowan
> Vitality cleaves to the marrow / Leaving death behind.    --Tao 33 (Bynner)
> _______________________________________________
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I strongly agree with John.<br clear="all"><br>Mark
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jun 11, 2008 at 6:45 AM, John Cowan &lt;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
Kent Karlsson scripsit:<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt; But &#39;bok&#39; and &#39;nyn&#39; aren&#39;t 639 codes (in particular not for nb/nn),<br>
&gt; and while &#39;min&#39; is in 639, it stands for a language unrelated to the<br>
&gt; one intended by &#39;zh-min&#39;. Further, in &nbsp;zh-min-nan, the nan part goes<br>
&gt; into the second extlang part which is said to be &quot;permanently reserved&quot;.<br>
<br>
</div>Nevertheless, we don&#39;t want an ambiguous grammar. &nbsp;The grammar of RFC<br>
4646 is ambiguous (it provides more than one way to parse &quot;abc-def-ghi&quot;)<br>
and excessive (it accepts things like &quot;abcde-abcde-abcde&quot;), and it has<br>
in fact confused parser writers in the past. &nbsp;By clearly distinguishing<br>
between syntactically irregular and semantically grandfathered tags<br>
(all irregular tags are grandfathered, but not all grandfathered tags<br>
are irregular) we achieve a clean separation of syntax and semantics.<br>
This is a Good Thing.<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt; While this might not affect registry entries, this grammar is confusing<br>
&gt; and very far from my liking. Please keep these problem cases (&quot;no-bok&quot; /<br>
&gt; &quot;no-nyn&quot; / &quot;zh-min&quot; / &quot;zh-min-nan&quot;) as &quot;irregular&quot; even if they are also<br>
&gt; (incorrectly) covered by other parts of the grammar, noting that the<br>
&gt; &quot;regular&quot; part of the grammar MUST NOT be used for these problem cases.<br>
<br>
</div>That&#39;s what we did in RFC 4646, and it was *more* confusing.<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt; Note that the &#39;irregular&#39; tags don&#39;t allow for adding script code,<br>
&gt; region code, variant codes, extension codes, or private use codes.<br>
<br>
</div>That is deliberate. &nbsp;They are grandfathered, not productive, and at<br>
the end of this process essentially all of them will be deprecated,<br>
with productive replacements. &nbsp;All this irregularity and grandfathering<br>
is backward compatibility cruft, and we don&#39;t want to make more of it<br>
than history requires us to.<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
--<br>
Knowledge studies others / Wisdom is self-known; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;John Cowan<br>
Muscle masters brothers / Self-mastery is bone; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a><br>
Content need never borrow / Ambition wanders blind; &nbsp; <a href="http://ccil.org/~cowan" target="_blank">http://ccil.org/~cowan</a><br>
Vitality cleaves to the marrow / Leaving death behind. &nbsp; &nbsp;--Tao 33 (Bynner)<br>
</font><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">_______________________________________________<br>
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</div></div></blockquote></div><br>

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> > > The syntax in draft -14 for 4646bis did...
> > 
> > As does the syntax in -15.
> 
> No, it does not. "Semantically irregular" tags are parsed as if they
> are "syntactically regular". I find that to be a "Bad Thing".

Both -14 and -15 did so: "art-lojban" is semantically irregular, but
both drafts parse it as syntactically regular.

> My point is that one should be able to correctly parse the input WITHOUT
> looking at the registry, not even need to look up grandfathered tags
> in the registry (which of course still should be in the registry).

You can do that by hard-coding the grandfathered tags, since the list
of them cannot grow.

You cannot do that with no knowledge of the grandfathered tags at all.

> 'bok', 'nyn', and 'min' aren't extlangs in any way, even though they
> come after the primary language in *valid* tags, and they should not
> be parsed as if they were extlangs.

By the same token, 'lojban', 'gaulish', 'guoyu', 'hakka', and 'xiang'
aren't variants in any way.  You are cherry-picking, objecting to
grandfathered but not irregular tags in the case you don't like and
saying nothing about the other cases.

(In fact, these eight are the *complete* list of semantic anomalies.
When 4646bis is in place, only "cel-gaulish" and "zh-min" will remain
undeprecated, primarily because they are languages collections or
macrolanguage without equivalent 639 code elements.)

> I would rather have an ambiguous grammar,

We may conclude that you are not a parser author.

> than one that is outright wrong, falsely parsing those items as
> extlangs.

It is not "outright wrong", and its limitations are clearly stated.

-- 
Andrew Watt on Microsoft:                       John Cowan
Never in the field of human computing           cowan@ccil.org
has so much been paid by so many                http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
to so few! (pace Winston Churchill)
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Jun 11 10:32:49 2008
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Subject: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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The text of 2.2.8 is misleading, and has been since RFC 4646: there are
grandfathered tags all of whose subtags are in the registry, such as
"sgn-be-fr".  The essence of a grandfathered tag is that its subtags do
not mean what you think they mean, not that they are or aren't in the
registry.  I propose the following rather more specific replacement text:

   Prior to RFC 4646, whole language tags were registered according
   to the rules in RFC 1766 and/or RFC 3066.  These registered tags
   maintain their validity.  Of those tags, those that were made obsolete
   or redundant by the advent of RFC 4646, by this document, or by
   subsequent registration of subtags are maintained in the registry
   in records as "redundant" records.  Those tags whose interpretation
   cannot be determined by considering the meanings of their subtags
   in the registry (or, in some cases, that contain subtags not in the
   registry at all) are maintained in the registry using records of the
   "grandfathered" type.

   The nine grandfathered tags "art-lojban", "cel-gaulish", "no-bok",
   "no-nyn", "zh-guoyu", "zh-hakka", "zh-min", "zh-min-nan", and
   "zh-xiang" match the 'langtag' production in Figure 1.  However,
   the second subtag in each is neither an extended language subtag
   nor a variant subtag; instead, each tag in its entirety represents a
   language or language collection.  The remaining grandfathered tags do
   not match the 'langtag' production, and are listed in the 'irregular'
   production in Figure 1.  With the exception of "en-GB-oed", which is a
   variant of "en-GB", each of them in its entirety represents a language.

   Many of the grandfathered tags have been superseded by other
   registrations: their record contains a Preferred-Value field that
   ought to be used to form language tags representing that value.

I also propose that bullet point 17 of section 3.4, which deals
with converting grandfathered tags to redundant ones, be eliminated.
After "zh-cmn", "zh-cmn-Hans", "zh-cmn-Hant", "zh-gan", "zh-wuu", and
"zh-yue" are changed to redundant tags by RFC 4645bis, we will have only
the above nine cases, none of which will be made redundant, and the 17
irregular cases, which cannot be.

-- 
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vaccinated with a phonograph needle.            cowan@ccil.org
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>
> (In fact, these eight are the *complete* list of semantic anomalies.
> When 4646bis is in place, only "cel-gaulish" and "zh-min" will
> remain
> undeprecated, primarily because they are languages collections or
> macrolanguage without equivalent 639 code elements.)

Small nit: "zh-min" *will* be deprecated. The code for Min Nan is 'nan'. Also, at present, xx-yyy is deprecated in favor of yyy (I know you prefer the opposite).

>
> > than one that is outright wrong, falsely parsing those items as
> > extlangs.
>
> It is not "outright wrong", and its limitations are clearly stated.
>

It is wrong to interpret the semantic meaning of the grandfathered tags on the basis of the ABNF grammar, in fact, it is "outright wrong" to do so. In my case, my "well-formed" checker relies strictly on the regular expressions Mark and I derived from the ABNF, so it doesn't detect cases where the semantic meaning is "outright wrong". However, all of my other checking is based on checking a list of grandfathered first and then parsing. I should note that matching schemes don't care about the semantic meaning of subtags, grandfathered or otherwise. This mostly works because the ones that use "real" subtag prefixes are intended to work.

Addison
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
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John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org] 
> > 'bok', 'nyn', and 'min' aren't extlangs in any way, even though they
> > come after the primary language in *valid* tags, and they should not
> > be parsed as if they were extlangs.
> 
> By the same token, 'lojban', 'gaulish', 'guoyu', 'hakka', and 'xiang'
> aren't variants in any way.  You are cherry-picking, objecting to
> grandfathered but not irregular tags in the case you don't like and
> saying nothing about the other cases.

Ok. Not to be cherry-picking, these should be called out in the grammar
as well, not to parse them as variants.

> (In fact, these eight are the *complete* list of semantic anomalies.
> When 4646bis is in place, only "cel-gaulish" and "zh-min" will remain
> undeprecated, primarily because they are languages collections or
> macrolanguage without equivalent 639 code elements.)

draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-05 lists zh-min as deprecated. While there is
discussion about zh-min and friends in the introduction, cel-gaulish
has no discussion...

> > I would rather have an ambiguous grammar,
> 
> We may conclude that you are not a parser author.

Well, I am. But the tools I, and many others, use will resolve such
ambiguites in particular and well-known ways. Even without using tools,
it is not hard to get the correct (disambiguated in the intended way)
*parse* as long as the exceptions are called out explicitly. (And they
will be misparsed by many, not just by "me", if the exceptions are not
called out explicitly.) I don't really want to reparse the parsed tag
after having done the grammatical parse, and restructure the parse if
the reparse finds that the first parse was wrong. I don't think other
implementers want to do a reparse+restructure either, not even expect
to do that at all (nor the other way around, dealing with the grandfathered
tags first). If one really wants to do a semantic-less simple parse,
just using the production 'language-range = (1*8ALPHA *("-" 1*8alphanum))'
(not the '*' production) would be just fine, I guess.

	/kent k

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> Small nit: "zh-min" *will* be deprecated. The code for Min Nan is
> 'nan'.

Min Nan is currently zh-min-nan, which will be deprecated in favor of
either nan or zh-nan.  Zh-min, on the other hand, is the collection
{'mnp', 'cdo', 'nan', 'czo'}, respectively the Min Bei 'northern',
Min Dong 'eastern', Min Nan 'southern', and Min Zhong 'central' Chinese
languages.  There is nothing to deprecate this to, because there is no
corresponding macrolanguage in -3 or collection in -5., so we are stuck
with it.  Roughly speaking, it is the collection of Sinitic languages
without /f/, which separated from the other Sinitic languages very early,
possibly before the Middle Chinese period that represents the underlying
unity of the rest.

> Also, at present, xx-yyy is deprecated in favor of yyy (I know
> you prefer the opposite).

True, but that doesn't affect any of the grandfathered languages.
Either zh-yue will become redundant, or it will become redundant and
deprecated, but in either case it will not be grandfathered any more.

-- 
Why are well-meaning Westerners so concerned that   John Cowan
the opening of a Colonel Sanders in Beijing means   cowan@ccil.org
the end of Chinese culture? [...]  We have had      http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Chinese restaurants in America for over a century,
and it hasn't made us Chinese.  On the contrary,
we obliged the Chinese to invent chop suey.            --Marshall Sahlins
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John Cowan wrote:

>                     Zh-min, on the other hand, is the collection
> {'mnp', 'cdo', 'nan', 'czo'}, respectively the Min Bei 'northern',
> Min Dong 'eastern', Min Nan 'southern', and Min Zhong 'central' Chinese
> languages.  There is nothing to deprecate this to, because there is no
> corresponding macrolanguage in -3 or collection in -5., so we are stuck
> with it.  Roughly speaking, it is the collection of Sinitic languages
> without /f/, which separated from the other Sinitic languages very early,
> possibly before the Middle Chinese period that represents the underlying
> unity of the rest.

So then it should have a "Scope: collection" field as well, but that
would not be gotten from 639-5, obviously. Not sure why this collection
is deprecated, given that we don't deprecate all collection codes (as
well as macrolanguage codes...). Deprecating collection codes has been
suggested (long ago by several persons, me included), but does not
seem to have gotten enough support. I think there is a point in being
able to indicate partial knowledge, though.

	/kent k

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> So then [zh-min] should have a "Scope: collection" field as well, but that
> would not be gotten from 639-5, obviously. Not sure why this collection
> is deprecated, given that we don't deprecate all collection codes (as
> well as macrolanguage codes...). Deprecating collection codes has been
> suggested (long ago by several persons, me included), but does not
> seem to have gotten enough support. I think there is a point in being
> able to indicate partial knowledge, though.

It isn't the collection that deserves to be deprecated, but the
grandfathered code element.  If -5 introduces a collection tag for
it, fine.

If everything that can be deprecated in RFC 4645bis is deprecated,
we will wind up with the following five undeprecated grandfathered
tags:  "zh-min", "en-GB-oed", "i-enochian", "i-mingo", and "i-default".
"zh-min" could be deprecated if 639-5 introduces a collection tag for it;
"en-GB-oed" and "i-mingo" if ietf-languages register variant subtags
for them, and "i-enochian" if ietf-languages registers a language subtag
for it.  That leaves only "i-default", which is very special and required
by RFC 2277.

-- 
Knowledge studies others / Wisdom is self-known;      John Cowan
Muscle masters brothers / Self-mastery is bone;       cowan@ccil.org
Content need never borrow / Ambition wanders blind;   http://ccil.org/~cowan
Vitality cleaves to the marrow / Leaving death behind.    --Tao 33 (Bynner)
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Kent Karlsson <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>, "'LTRU Working Group'"
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Argh.

I looked up 'min' in ISO 639-3, where it is a language code for the language Minangkabau, which is an Indonesian language unrelated to this discussion. There is no ISO 639-5 collection for this grouping, AFAICT.

The grandfathered tag "zh-min" is a tag for "Description: Min, Fuzhou, Hokkien, Amoy, or Taiwanese".

There is no *formal* collection specifically for these languages other than this tag. It is just a grandfathered bit of cruft. Which means that John's original statement about this tag is correct and my nit incorrect, provided one does not read the word "collection" to mean ISO 639-5 collection.

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Kent Karlsson
> Sent: Wednesday, June 11, 2008 12:29 PM
> To: 'LTRU Working Group'
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
>
>
> John Cowan wrote:
>
> >                     Zh-min, on the other hand, is the collection
> > {'mnp', 'cdo', 'nan', 'czo'}, respectively the Min Bei 'northern',
> > Min Dong 'eastern', Min Nan 'southern', and Min Zhong 'central'
> Chinese
> > languages.  There is nothing to deprecate this to, because there
> is no
> > corresponding macrolanguage in -3 or collection in -5., so we are
> stuck
> > with it.  Roughly speaking, it is the collection of Sinitic
> languages
> > without /f/, which separated from the other Sinitic languages
> very early,
> > possibly before the Middle Chinese period that represents the
> underlying
> > unity of the rest.
>
> So then it should have a "Scope: collection" field as well, but
> that
> would not be gotten from 639-5, obviously. Not sure why this
> collection
> is deprecated, given that we don't deprecate all collection codes
> (as
> well as macrolanguage codes...). Deprecating collection codes has
> been
> suggested (long ago by several persons, me included), but does not
> seem to have gotten enough support. I think there is a point in
> being
> able to indicate partial knowledge, though.
>
>         /kent k
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> The grandfathered tag "zh-min" is a tag for "Description: Min, Fuzhou,
> Hokkien, Amoy, or Taiwanese".
> 
> There is no *formal* collection specifically for these languages
> other than this tag. It is just a grandfathered bit of cruft. 

Specifically, Fuzhou is a variety of Min Dong, and the last three are
varieties of Min Nan.  Just to make things worse, it is not clear whether
Pu-Xian Chinese ('cpx') is or is not included.  Linguistically yes,
nomenclaturally no....

As you say, cruft.

-- 
John Cowan  cowan@ccil.org  http://ccil.org/~cowan
In the sciences, we are now uniquely privileged to sit side by side
with the giants on whose shoulders we stand.
        --Gerald Holton
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> We don't have to have anything to deprecate it "to."  Deprecated can 
> exist without Preferred-Value.  Look at region subtag 'SU' in the 
> current Registry; it's deprecated (because ISO 3166-1 withdrew the code 
> element) but there is no subtag that directly replaces it, because there 
> is no one country that directly replaces the Soviet Union.  The same 
> concept goes for "zh-min".

I feel a little uneasy about the comparison.  The Soviet Union actually
did cease to exist (although Russia is its successor in international
law for most purposes: they got the U.N. Security Council seat, etc.)

But the Min languages have not been abolished: they exist just as they
did before.  When we encoded zh-min-nan rather than zh-min-nan, it was
because we expected to someday encode zh-min-bei at least, though that
day never came.

Still, it's not like I care that much.

> I've been going by the assumption that we would deprecate "zh-min" ever 
> since draft-4645bis-00.  See Section 2.4 there, or 2.5 in the current 
> draft.

Time to review 4645bis again, I guess.

> Adding "Scope: collection" and deprecating language subtags are two of 
> the many, many things that we do ONLY to mirror the underlying standard. 

+1

> We need to get out of the mindset that we have a duty to rework the ISO 
> standards.

True, but in some cases it's a matter of exactly how to get out of
the way.

-- 
John Cowan   cowan@ccil.org    http://ccil.org/~cowan
[R]eversing the apostolic precept to be all things to all men, I usually [before
Darwin] defended the tenability of the received doctrines, when I had to do
with the [evolution]ists; and stood up for the possibility of [evolution] among
the orthodox --thereby, no doubt, increasing an already current, but quite
undeserved, reputation for needless combativeness.  --T. H. Huxley
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Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2008 09:21:54 +0200
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] The purpose of ABNF (was: Re: draft-15 posted...)
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On Wed, Jun 11, 2008 at 07:24:50PM -0600,
 Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org> wrote 
 a message of 7 lines which said:

> Thus a tag like "sur-Bugi-UY" is just as valid as any other even
> though not much Mwaghavul is written in the Buginese script and/or
> used in Uruguay.  It also means a tag like
> "pu-rud-Blaz-FU-scrog-f-vlad-x-druz" is valid as well, even though
> not one of those subtags is in the Registry.

According to -15, it does not seem true. sur-Bugi-UY is valid
(well-formed and all its subtags are in the registry),
pu-rud-Blaz-FU-scrog-f-vlad-x-druz is not (well-formed but that's
all).

To quote section 2.2.9:

   o  The tag is either a grandfathered tag, or all of its language,
      extlang, script, region, and variant subtags appear in the IANA
      language subtag registry as of the particular registry date.

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun 12 07:22:53 2008
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Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2008 10:23:19 -0400
To: Kent Karlsson <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: 'LTRU Working Group' <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] The purpose of ABNF (was: Re: draft-15 posted...)
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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> Either we disassociate syntax and semantic altogether (see
> production above), or we let them go hand-in-hand (almost the
> current ABNF, but needs some minor fixes that I'm asking for)
> Not something in-between.

For heaven's sake.  You are fussing about the status of *nine tags*, all
but one of which are or will be obsolete.  Special-case them in your code
(along with the 17 tags you *must* special-case) and leave it at that.

-- 
John Cowan
        cowan@ccil.org
                I am a member of a civilization. --David Brin
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun 12 07:48:52 2008
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> > Not conscious. I can add it in the next editor copy (tomorrow). Is
> > 'private' or 'private-use' good enough? 'reserved' gives the wrong
> > impression, I think, and 'local' is somewhat non-specific.
>
> I was trying to preserve the ISO 639-3 names for these things, in the
> same spirit as matching our Description fields exactly to the ISO 639-3
> names, down to the last hyphen, which some contend is important.

Matching description fields and matching this particular property value are not the same. I think "local" is inappropriate in our context. (I don't like it in ISO 639 either, but the history there precedes me.) We use the term "private use" for this concept elsewhere in our spec, and that's what we should use for that concept here.



Peter
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> My point is that the rules of BCP 47 do not prevent deprecation of a
> subtag or tag on the basis that no suitable Preferred-Value exists.

Hmm.  How about if we deprecate zh-min with a Comment: that says "Use
(zh-)nan, (zh-)cdo, (zh-)mnp, (zh-)czo, or (zh-)cpx", where the "zh-"
is in or out depending on the resolution of that issue.

Then we could also deprecate cel-gaulish with a Comment: that says
"Use xtg or xcg".

-- 
John Cowan                                   cowan@ccil.org
        "You need a change: try Canada"  "You need a change: try China"
                --fortune cookies opened by a couple that I know
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> Tags like "no-bok" are syntactically regular, but semantically
> irregular: they don't mean what you would assume by looking at the
> individual subtags.

Do we have an easier means to capture the semantic irregularity than to treat these tags as syntactically irregular?



Peter
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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Sorry, not thinking clearly: we want to keep these grandfathered to capture the semantic irregularity, right?


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Peter Constable
> Sent: Thursday, June 12, 2008 7:55 AM
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
>
> > From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> Of
> > Doug Ewell
>
>
> > Tags like "no-bok" are syntactically regular, but semantically
> > irregular: they don't mean what you would assume by looking at the
> > individual subtags.
>
> Do we have an easier means to capture the semantic irregularity than to
> treat these tags as syntactically irregular?
>
>
>
> Peter
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru

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>
>
> > > Not conscious. I can add it in the next editor copy (tomorrow).
> Is
> > > 'private' or 'private-use' good enough? 'reserved' gives the
> wrong
> > > impression, I think, and 'local' is somewhat non-specific.
> >
> > I was trying to preserve the ISO 639-3 names for these things, in
> the
> > same spirit as matching our Description fields exactly to the ISO
> 639-3
> > names, down to the last hyphen, which some contend is important.
>
> Matching description fields and matching this particular property
> value are not the same. I think "local" is inappropriate in our
> context. (I don't like it in ISO 639 either, but the history there
> precedes me.) We use the term "private use" for this concept
> elsewhere in our spec, and that's what we should use for that
> concept here.
>

I agree. In the text we can mention that private use corresponds to the value 'local' in ISO 639.

Addison
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From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
To: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
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I agree. The ABNF defines syntactic validity; the registry provides validity
and semantic interpretation. As part of that, grandfathering is used for
these semantically irregular tags.

Mark

On Thu, Jun 12, 2008 at 7:58 AM, Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
wrote:

> Sorry, not thinking clearly: we want to keep these grandfathered to capture
> the semantic irregularity, right?
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> > Peter Constable
> > Sent: Thursday, June 12, 2008 7:55 AM
> > To: LTRU Working Group
> > Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
> >
> > > From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> > Of
> > > Doug Ewell
> >
> >
> > > Tags like "no-bok" are syntactically regular, but semantically
> > > irregular: they don't mean what you would assume by looking at the
> > > individual subtags.
> >
> > Do we have an easier means to capture the semantic irregularity than to
> > treat these tags as syntactically irregular?
> >
> >
> >
> > Peter
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
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I agree. The ABNF defines syntactic validity; the registry provides validity and semantic interpretation. As part of that, grandfathering is used for these semantically irregular tags.<br clear="all"><br>Mark
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Jun 12, 2008 at 7:58 AM, Peter Constable &lt;<a href="mailto:petercon@microsoft.com">petercon@microsoft.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
Sorry, not thinking clearly: we want to keep these grandfathered to capture the semantic irregularity, right?<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
&gt; -----Original Message-----<br>
&gt; From: <a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On Behalf Of<br>
</div><div class="Ih2E3d">&gt; Peter Constable<br>
&gt; Sent: Thursday, June 12, 2008 7:55 AM<br>
&gt; To: LTRU Working Group<br>
&gt; Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...<br>
&gt;<br>
</div><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">&gt; &gt; From: <a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On Behalf<br>
&gt; Of<br>
&gt; &gt; Doug Ewell<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Tags like &quot;no-bok&quot; are syntactically regular, but semantically<br>
&gt; &gt; irregular: they don&#39;t mean what you would assume by looking at the<br>
&gt; &gt; individual subtags.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Do we have an easier means to capture the semantic irregularity than to<br>
&gt; treat these tags as syntactically irregular?<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Peter<br>
&gt; _______________________________________________<br>
&gt; Ltru mailing list<br>
&gt; <a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
&gt; <a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
<br>
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Peter Constable scripsit:

> Sorry, not thinking clearly: we want to keep these grandfathered to
> capture the semantic irregularity, right?

Exactly.

-- 
A mosquito cried out in his pain,               John Cowan
"A chemist has poisoned my brain!"              http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
        The cause of his sorrow                 cowan@ccil.org
        Was para-dichloro-
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>, "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2008 11:28:17 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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I meant to reply to this earlier, but noted that some work was needed to incorporate it.

This is generally good text. However, it misrepresents the nature of the "redundant" record type. Redundant records must not just have each subtag appear in the registry, but must be truly redundant--that is, the subtags must have the identical semantic meaning. Thus "zh-min" can never be redundant because 'min' means something else.

Therefore, I have incorporated the suggested text with edits as follows:

--
<section anchor="preexisreg" title="Grandfathered Registrations">

<t>Prior to RFC 4646, whole language tags were registered according to the rules in RFC 1766 and/or RFC 3066. All of these registered tags are and remain valid language tags. </t>

<t>Many of these registered tags were made redundant by the advent of RFC 4646, by this document, or by subsequent registration of subtags. A redundant grandfathered tag is one whose individual subtags appear with the same semantic meaning in the regustry. For example, the tag "zh-Hant" (Traditional Chinese) can now be composed from the subtags 'zh' (Chinese) and 'Hant' (Han script traditional variant). These redundant tags are maintained in the registry as "redundant" records.</t>

<t>Those tags that do not match the 'langtag' production in the ABNF in this document or that contain subtags that do not individually appear in the registry are maintained in the registry in records of the "grandfathered" type.</t>

<t>Nine grandfathered tags "art-lojban", "cel-gaulish", "no-bok", "no-nyn", "zh-guoyu", "zh-hakka", "zh-min", "zh-min-nan", and "zh-xiang" match the 'langtag' production in <xref target="ABNF"></xref>.  However, the second subtag in each is neither an extended language subtag nor a variant subtag; instead, each tag, in its entirety, represents a language or collection of languages.</t>

<t>The remaining grandfathered tags do not match the 'langtag' production, and are listed in the 'irregular' production in <xref target="ABNF"></xref>.  With the exception of "en-GB-oed", which is a variant of "en-GB", each of them, in its entirety, represents a language.</t>

<t>Many of the grandfathered tags have been superseded the subsequent addition of new subtags: each superseded record contains a Preferred-Value field that ought to be used to form language tags representing that value. For example, the tag "art-lojban" is superseded by the primary language subtag 'jbo'.</t>

</section>
--

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of John Cowan
> Sent: Wednesday, June 11, 2008 10:33 AM
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
>
> The text of 2.2.8 is misleading, and has been since RFC 4646: there
> are
> grandfathered tags all of whose subtags are in the registry, such
> as
> "sgn-be-fr".  The essence of a grandfathered tag is that its
> subtags do
> not mean what you think they mean, not that they are or aren't in
> the
> registry.  I propose the following rather more specific replacement
> text:
>
>    Prior to RFC 4646, whole language tags were registered according
>    to the rules in RFC 1766 and/or RFC 3066.  These registered tags
>    maintain their validity.  Of those tags, those that were made
> obsolete
>    or redundant by the advent of RFC 4646, by this document, or by
>    subsequent registration of subtags are maintained in the
> registry
>    in records as "redundant" records.  Those tags whose
> interpretation
>    cannot be determined by considering the meanings of their
> subtags
>    in the registry (or, in some cases, that contain subtags not in
> the
>    registry at all) are maintained in the registry using records of
> the
>    "grandfathered" type.
>
>    The nine grandfathered tags "art-lojban", "cel-gaulish", "no-
> bok",
>    "no-nyn", "zh-guoyu", "zh-hakka", "zh-min", "zh-min-nan", and
>    "zh-xiang" match the 'langtag' production in Figure 1.  However,
>    the second subtag in each is neither an extended language subtag
>    nor a variant subtag; instead, each tag in its entirety
> represents a
>    language or language collection.  The remaining grandfathered
> tags do
>    not match the 'langtag' production, and are listed in the
> 'irregular'
>    production in Figure 1.  With the exception of "en-GB-oed",
> which is a
>    variant of "en-GB", each of them in its entirety represents a
> language.
>
>    Many of the grandfathered tags have been superseded by other
>    registrations: their record contains a Preferred-Value field
> that
>    ought to be used to form language tags representing that value.
>
> I also propose that bullet point 17 of section 3.4, which deals
> with converting grandfathered tags to redundant ones, be eliminated.
> After "zh-cmn", "zh-cmn-Hans", "zh-cmn-Hant", "zh-gan", "zh-wuu",
> and
> "zh-yue" are changed to redundant tags by RFC 4645bis, we will have
> only
> the above nine cases, none of which will be made redundant, and the
> 17
> irregular cases, which cannot be.
>
> --
> You know, you haven't stopped talking           John Cowan
> since I came here. You must have been
> http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
> vaccinated with a phonograph needle.            cowan@ccil.org
>         --Rufus T. Firefly
> _______________________________________________
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun 12 11:58:56 2008
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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A few nits:

Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> <t>Many of these registered tags were made redundant by the advent of
> RFC 4646, by this document, or by subsequent registration of subtags. A
> redundant grandfathered tag is one whose individual subtags appear
> with the same semantic meaning in the regustry. For example, the tag
> "zh-Hant" (Traditional Chinese) can now be composed from the subtags
> 'zh' (Chinese) and 'Hant' (Han script traditional variant). These
> redundant tags are maintained in the registry as "redundant"
> records.</t>

s/redundant grandfathered/redundant/; s/regustry/registry/.

> <t>Those tags that do not match the 'langtag' production in the ABNF
> in this document or that contain subtags that do not individually
> appear in the registry are maintained in the registry in records of the
> "grandfathered" type.</t>

I continue my objection to this as missing the point: even if "xiang" were
added as a variant (e.g. for Mandarin as spoken in the town of Xiang),
it would still be true that "zh-xiang" was grandfathered.  I propose:

   Those tags whose subtags do not follow the patterns explained
   in section 2.2 are maintained in the registry in records of the
   "grandfathered" type.

> <t>Nine grandfathered tags "art-lojban", "cel-gaulish", "no-bok",
> "no-nyn", "zh-guoyu", "zh-hakka", "zh-min", "zh-min-nan", and "zh-xiang"
> match the 'langtag' production in <xref target="ABNF"></xref>.  However,
> the second subtag in each is neither an extended language subtag nor
> a variant subtag; instead, each tag, in its entirety, represents a
> language or collection of languages.</t>

Either "The nine grandfathered tags", or "Nine grandfathered tags,
namely" with a comma following the last one.

-- 
"But I am the real Strider, fortunately,"       John Cowan
he said, looking down at them with his face     cowan@ccil.org
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2008 12:22:06 -0700
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(editor hat ON)

>
> s/redundant grandfathered/redundant/; s/regustry/registry/.

DONE.

Note that I said:

"A redundant tag is a grandfathered registration whose..."

.. in place of just "redundant tag".

>
> > <t>Those tags that do not match the 'langtag' production in the
> ABNF
> > in this document or that contain subtags that do not individually
> > appear in the registry are maintained in the registry in records
> of the
> > "grandfathered" type.</t>
>
> I continue my objection to this as missing the point: even if
> "xiang" were
> added as a variant (e.g. for Mandarin as spoken in the town of
> Xiang),
> it would still be true that "zh-xiang" was grandfathered.

We are (trying to) say the same thing, I think. It isn't just the appearance of the subtag but also that the semantic meaning must match.

>  I
> propose:
>
>    Those tags whose subtags do not follow the patterns explained
>    in section 2.2 are maintained in the registry in records of the
>    "grandfathered" type.

Section 2.2 doesn't really say, though. So I put all three cases into the sentence thusly:

<t>Those tags that do not match the 'langtag' production in <xref target="ABNF"></xref>, that contain subtags that do not individually appear in the registry, or whose subtags appear but with a different semantic meaning are maintained in the registry as records of the "grandfathered" type.</t>

>
>
> Either "The nine grandfathered tags", or "Nine grandfathered tags,
> namely" with a comma following the last one.
>
Restored your original wording (The nine...)

Addison
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2008 13:13:09 -0700
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Some time ago I gave Stephane a Java regex for 4646 (you can find it in langtag.net). Here is my current 4646bis (draft-16) regex. Even better: this one works properly (lookahead is used to prevent the greedy quantifiers from eating what they should not).

Note that this one does not include the irregular production, which is left as an exercise to the user.

        static final String langtag_ex =
        "([xX]([\\x2d]\\p{Alnum}{1,8})*)|(((\\p{Alpha}{2,8})"
          + "(([\\x2d]\\p{Alpha}{3})(?=\\x2d|\\z)){0,3}"
        + "([\\x2d]\\p{Alpha}{4}(?=\\x2d|\\z))?"
        + "([\\x2d](\\p{Alpha}{2}|\\d{3})(?=\\x2d|\\z))?"
        + "([\\x2d](\\d\\p{Alnum}{3}|\\p{Alnum}{5,8}))*)"
        + "(([\\x2d]([a-wyzA-WYZ])([\\x2d](\\p{Alnum}{2,8})+)*))*"
        + "([\\x2d][xX]([\\x2d]\\p{Alnum}{1,8})*)?)";

Bug reports welcome. Stephane: you are welcome to publish this as a replacement.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

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I'd be wary of this. Alnum is more than [a-zA-Z0-9], etc.

Mark

On Thu, Jun 12, 2008 at 1:13 PM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>
wrote:

> Some time ago I gave Stephane a Java regex for 4646 (you can find it in
> langtag.net). Here is my current 4646bis (draft-16) regex. Even better:
> this one works properly (lookahead is used to prevent the greedy quantifiers
> from eating what they should not).
>
> Note that this one does not include the irregular production, which is left
> as an exercise to the user.
>
>        static final String langtag_ex =
>        "([xX]([\\x2d]\\p{Alnum}{1,8})*)|(((\\p{Alpha}{2,8})"
>          + "(([\\x2d]\\p{Alpha}{3})(?=\\x2d|\\z)){0,3}"
>        + "([\\x2d]\\p{Alpha}{4}(?=\\x2d|\\z))?"
>        + "([\\x2d](\\p{Alpha}{2}|\\d{3})(?=\\x2d|\\z))?"
>        + "([\\x2d](\\d\\p{Alnum}{3}|\\p{Alnum}{5,8}))*)"
>        + "(([\\x2d]([a-wyzA-WYZ])([\\x2d](\\p{Alnum}{2,8})+)*))*"
>        + "([\\x2d][xX]([\\x2d]\\p{Alnum}{1,8})*)?)";
>
> Bug reports welcome. Stephane: you are welcome to publish this as a
> replacement.
>
> Addison
>
> Addison Phillips
> Globalization Architect -- Lab126
>
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>

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I&#39;d be wary of this. Alnum is more than [a-zA-Z0-9], etc.<br clear="all"><br>Mark
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Jun 12, 2008 at 1:13 PM, Phillips, Addison &lt;<a href="mailto:addison@amazon.com">addison@amazon.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
Some time ago I gave Stephane a Java regex for 4646 (you can find it in <a href="http://langtag.net" target="_blank">langtag.net</a>). Here is my current 4646bis (draft-16) regex. Even better: this one works properly (lookahead is used to prevent the greedy quantifiers from eating what they should not).<br>

<br>
Note that this one does not include the irregular production, which is left as an exercise to the user.<br>
<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;static final String langtag_ex =<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&quot;([xX]([\\x2d]\\p{Alnum}{1,8})*)|(((\\p{Alpha}{2,8})&quot;<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;+ &quot;(([\\x2d]\\p{Alpha}{3})(?=\\x2d|\\z)){0,3}&quot;<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;+ &quot;([\\x2d]\\p{Alpha}{4}(?=\\x2d|\\z))?&quot;<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;+ &quot;([\\x2d](\\p{Alpha}{2}|\\d{3})(?=\\x2d|\\z))?&quot;<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;+ &quot;([\\x2d](\\d\\p{Alnum}{3}|\\p{Alnum}{5,8}))*)&quot;<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;+ &quot;(([\\x2d]([a-wyzA-WYZ])([\\x2d](\\p{Alnum}{2,8})+)*))*&quot;<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;+ &quot;([\\x2d][xX]([\\x2d]\\p{Alnum}{1,8})*)?)&quot;;<br>
<br>
Bug reports welcome. Stephane: you are welcome to publish this as a replacement.<br>
<br>
Addison<br>
<br>
Addison Phillips<br>
Globalization Architect -- Lab126<br>
<br>
Internationalization is not a feature.<br>
It is an architecture.<br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
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</blockquote></div><br>

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2008 14:19:20 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Java regex for draft-16...
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Java regex for draft-16...
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Java regex for draft-16...
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> There are one or two other bugs in it (reminder to self: run all JUnits
> before sending emails about it). However, the Javadoc for Pattern
> says the POSIX classes (\\p{mumble}) really mean a-zA-Z0-9. Cursory
> tests suggest this is true. Is the javadoc wrong? 

A quick look at OpenJava confirms that the Posix escapes are interpreted
relative to ASCII only (which is not very Posix of them).  However,
I'd make the obvious substitutions, if only because \p{Alnum} means
something different in other kinds of regexes.

-- 
They tried to pierce your heart                 John Cowan
with a Morgul-knife that remains in the         http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
wound.  If they had succeeded, you would
become a wraith under the domination of the Dark Lord.         --Gandalf
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
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Phillips, Addison wrote:=20

While I agree, I also see what Kent is getting at. There is a way we can =
satisfy both: we can provide a separate ABNF production in 2.2.9 =
(conformance) that lists the 3066-registrations. Such an ABNF could have =
separate productions for redundant, potentially redundant, semantically =
distinct but syntactically redundant, and irregular sets of tags. These =
turn out to be distinct lists that comprise, if I=E2=80=99m not =
mistaken, the complete set of registrations. Some implementers might =
then choose to match this production before doing a well-formed check =
using the =E2=80=9Cregular=E2=80=9D ABNF.=20

I'm not at all keen on having two stages of grammars. And while the =
generative view of grammars is just to produce a set of strings without =
any analysis, grammars as used in computing are most often used to =
generate some kind of parse with a structure, and that structure then =
guiding further processing (in this case registry lookup). And while I =
can certainly special treat the problem cases, I do want to make sure =
that that is clearly communicated to other implementers. Other =
implementers who, by the way, are used to (somewhat) ambiguous grammars =
like those for most programming languages (though perhaps not used to =
process very ambiguous grammars as those constructed for modelling =
natural languages).

=20

Note that the 4646 ABNF allowed for the correct parse of all language =
tags, the draft -15 ABNF forces an incorrect parse of some language =
tags, which I still find is something to howl about...

=20

Whether these tags are obsolete, deprecated, just nine of them, or the =
solution is gerrymandering, is quite irrelevant for this issue. Despite =
the howling complaints against my suggestion, I still stand by my =
suggestion, and in all details it is as follows.

=20

The additions to the ABNF are in bold black:

=20

Language-Tag  =3D langtag

              / privateuse             ; private use tag

              / irregular              ; tags grandfathered by rule

              / falselyregular         ; tags grandfathered by rule,

                                       ;   but look like regular tags

=20

langtag       =3D (language

                 ["-" script]

                 ["-" region]

                 *("-" variant)

                 *("-" extension)

                 ["-" privateuse])

=20

language      =3D 2*3ALPHA               ; shortest ISO 639 code

                [extlang]              ; sometimes followed by=20

                                       ;   extended language subtags

              / 4ALPHA                 ; reserved for future use

              / 5*8ALPHA               ; registered language subtag

=20

extlang       =3D "-" 3ALPHA             ; selected ISO 639 codes,

                                       ;   '-bok', '-nyn', and '-min'

                                       ;    must not match

                *2[ "-" 3ALPHA]        ; permanently reserved

=20

script        =3D 4ALPHA                 ; ISO 15924 code

=20

region        =3D 2ALPHA                 ; ISO 3166-1 code

              / 3DIGIT                 ; UN M.49 code

=20

variant       =3D 5*8alphanum            ; registered variants

                                       ;   '-lojban' must not match

                                       ;   if the prefix is 'art'

                                       ;   '-gaulish' must not match

                                       ;   if the prefix is 'cel'

                                       ;   '-guoyo', '-hakka', and

                                       ;   '-xiang' must not match

                                       ;   if the prefix is 'zh'

              / (DIGIT 3alphanum)

=20

extension     =3D singleton 1*("-" (2*8alphanum))

=20

singleton     =3D %x41-57 / %x59-5A / %x61-77 / %x79-7A / DIGIT

              ; "a"-"w" / "y"-"z" / "A"-"W" / "Y"-"Z" / "0"-"9"

              ; Single alphanumerics

              ; "x" is reserved for private use

=20

privateuse    =3D "x" 1*("-" (1*8alphanum))

=20

irregular     =3D "en-GB-oed" / "i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"

              / "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" / "i-lux"

              / "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / "i-tao"

              / "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "sgn-BE-FR" / "sgn-BE-NL"

              / "sgn-CH-DE"

=20

falselyregular=3D "art-lojban" / "cel-gaulish" / "no-bok" / "no-nyn"

              / "zh-guoyu" / "zh-hakka" / "zh-min" / "zh-min-nan"

              / "zh-xiang"            ; these tags do not contain

                                      ;   extlangs nor variants

=20

alphanum      =3D (ALPHA / DIGIT)       ; letters and numbers

=20

=20

I do not propose any changes to the proto-registry (4645bis) because of =
this. There was some spin-off from the discussion, but that is =
irrelevant for this ABNF proposal as such (but is relevant to the second =
suggested sentence below, but that is not a vital sentence).

=20

The text in 4646bis should say something like the following (since the =
comments aren't normative, but should still of course be correct):

=20

=E2=80=9CThe =E2=80=98falselyregular=E2=80=99 productions take priority =
over other productions. However, all of the =
=E2=80=98falselyregular=E2=80=99 language tags are deprecated.=E2=80=9D

=20

The last sentence is assuming that you accept John=E2=80=99s spin-off =
suggestion to deprecate cel-gaulish.

=20

=20

        /kent k

=20


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<DIV><FONT face=3DTahoma><FONT size=3D2>Phillips, Addison<SPAN=20
class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff>&nbsp;wrote:&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV class=3DSection1>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'">While=20
  I agree, I also see what Kent is getting at. There is a way we can =
satisfy=20
  both: we can provide a separate ABNF production in 2.2.9 (conformance) =
that=20
  lists the 3066-registrations. Such an ABNF could have separate =
productions for=20
  redundant, potentially redundant, semantically distinct but =
syntactically=20
  redundant, and irregular sets of tags. These turn out to be distinct =
lists=20
  that comprise, if I=E2=80=99m not mistaken, the complete set of =
registrations. Some=20
  implementers might then choose to match this production before doing a =

  well-formed check using the =E2=80=9Cregular=E2=80=9D ABNF.<SPAN=20
  class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>I'm not at all keen on having two stages of =
grammars. And=20
while the generative view of grammars is just to produce a set of =
strings=20
without any analysis, grammars as used in computing are most often used =
to=20
generate some kind of parse with a structure, and that structure then =
guiding=20
further processing (in this case registry lookup). And while I can =
certainly=20
special treat the problem cases, I do want to make sure that that is =
clearly=20
communicated to other implementers. Other implementers who, by the way, =
are used=20
to (somewhat) ambiguous grammars like those for most programming =
languages=20
(though perhaps not used to process very ambiguous grammars as those =
constructed=20
for modelling natural languages).</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Note that the 4646 ABNF allowed for the correct =
parse of=20
all language tags, the draft -15 ABNF forces an incorrect parse of some =
language=20
tags, which I still find is something to howl=20
about...</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff><FONT size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT=20
face=3DArial>Whether these tags are obsolete, deprecated, just nine of =
them,=20
or&nbsp;the solution is&nbsp;gerrymandering, is quite irrelevant for =
this issue.=20
</FONT></SPAN>Despite the howling complaints against my =
suggestion,&nbsp;I still=20
stand by my suggestion, and in all details it is as=20
follows.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>The additions to the ABNF are in bold=20
black:</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">Language-Tag</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>=3D </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">langtag</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>/ </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">privateuse</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
private use tag</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>/ </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">irregular</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
tags grandfathered by rule</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>/ falselyregular<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN><I><SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc">; tags grandfathered by=20
rule,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><B><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>;<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>but look like regular=20
tags</SPAN></I></B><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
color=3D#000000 size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">langtag</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</SPAN>=3D=20
(</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">language</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>["-" </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">script</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">]<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>["-" </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">region</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">]<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">*</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">("-"=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">variant</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">*</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">("-"=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">extension</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>["-" </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">privateuse</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">])<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">language</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>=3D =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">2*3</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
shortest ISO 639 code</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>[</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">extlang</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">]<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
sometimes followed by </SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>extended language=20
subtags</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>/ </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">4</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
reserved for future use</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>/ </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">5*8</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN>=
<I><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
registered language subtag</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">extlang</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</SPAN>=3D "-"=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">3</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
selected ISO 639 codes,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><B><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN></I></B><B><I><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>;<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>'-bok', '-nyn', and=20
'-min'<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>must not=20
match<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">*2</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">[ "-"=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">3</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">]<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
permanently reserved</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">script</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</SPAN>=3D=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">4</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
ISO 15924 code</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">region</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</SPAN>=3D=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">2</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: FR">;=20
ISO 3166-1 code</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>/ </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">3</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">DIGIT</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: FR">;=20
UN M.49 code</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DFR=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">variant</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</SPAN>=3D=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">5*8</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">alphanum</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: SV">;=20
registered variants<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>;<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>'-lojban' must not=20
match<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>if the =
prefix is=20
'art'<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>; <SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>'-gaulish' =
must not=20
match<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>if the =
prefix is=20
'cel'<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>'-guoyo', '-hakka',=20
and<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>'-xiang' =
must not=20
match<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><B><I><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>if the =
prefix is=20
'zh'</SPAN></I></B><B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">/=20
(</SPAN><B><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">DIGIT</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: SV">=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">3</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">alphanum</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">extension</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>=3D =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">singleton</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">1*</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">("-"=20
(</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">2*8</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">alphanum</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">))<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">singleton</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>=3D =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #006666; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">%x41-57</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"> /=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #006666; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">%x59-5A</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"> /=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #006666; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">%x61-77</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"> /=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #006666; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">%x79-7A</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"> /=20
</SPAN><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">DIGIT</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
"a"-"w" / "y"-"z" / "A"-"W" / "Y"-"Z" / "0"-"9"</SPAN></I><SPAN =
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
Single alphanumerics</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
"x" is reserved for private use</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">privateuse</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>=3D "x" =
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">1*</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">("-"=20
(</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">1*8</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">alphanum</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">))<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">irregular</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>=3D =
"en-GB-oed" /=20
"i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>/ "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" /=20
"i-lux"<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>/ "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / =
"i-tao"<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">/=20
"i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "sgn-BE-FR" / =
"sgn-BE-NL"<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>/ "sgn-CH-DE"<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT=20
size=3D2>falselyregular=3D "art-lojban" / "cel-gaulish" / "no-bok" /=20
"no-nyn"<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DSV style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;=20
</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>/ "zh-guoyu" / =
"zh-hakka" /=20
"zh-min" / "zh-min-nan"<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><B><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;=20
</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>/ =
"</SPAN></B><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN">zh-xiang</SPAN></B><B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">"<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>; these tags do not =
contain<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT =
size=3D2><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>extlangs nor=20
variants<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT =
size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">alphanum</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>=3D (</FONT><B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: =
#3333cc">ALPHA</SPAN></B><FONT=20
color=3D#000000> / </FONT><B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: =
#3333cc">DIGIT</SPAN></B><FONT=20
color=3D#000000>)<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></FONT><I><SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff">; =
letters and=20
numbers<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US =

style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2></FONT></o:p></SPAN></I>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US =

style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2>I do not propose any changes to the =
proto-registry=20
(4645bis) because of this. There was some spin-off from the discussion, =
but that=20
is irrelevant for this ABNF proposal as such (but&nbsp;<SPAN=20
class=3D391133822-12062008>is relevant </SPAN>to the second suggested =
sentence=20
below,&nbsp;<SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008>but that </SPAN>is not a =
vital=20
sentence).<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2></FONT></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT=20
color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2>The text in 4646bis should say something =
like<SPAN=20
class=3D391133822-12062008> the following (since the comments aren't =
normative,=20
but should still of course be=20
correct)</SPAN>:<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> That's not a bad idea, and we don't even have to do it here; it can be 
> done by ietf-languages at any time.

Well, any time after Date C.

-- 
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	c9574ca8da702cc03558360e46eba8b3
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Stabilizing the order of subtag fields
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Doug Ewell wrote:
> I was thinking it would be a good idea to keep the four mandatory fields 
> (Type, Subtag/Tag, Description, Added) together at the top of each record.

No objection at all.

	/kent k

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	e7d1ae688ce727b50c98da78dacd58fc
Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
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Editorial nit:
=20
I note that for some reason the leading "-" is included in the extlang =
production, wheras for other items with a leading "-",
the leading "-" is external to the item production. I'd suggest the same =
for the extlang production. So for 'language' (two first lines ony):
=20
language      =3D 2*3ALPHA               ; shortest ISO 639 code

                ["-" extlang]          ; sometimes followed by=20

...
and for 'extlang':
=20

extlang       =3D 3ALPHA                 ; selected ISO 639 codes,

                                       ;   'bok', 'nyn', and 'min'

                                       ;    must not match

                *2["-" 3ALPHA]         ; permanently reserved

=20

I'm not sure why the latter line should not say *2("-" 3ALPHA) instead.

Also remove the spurious "-":s I had in the comment for 'variant'.

=20

    /kent k

  _____ =20

From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of =
Kent Karlsson
Sent: Friday, June 13, 2008 1:17 AM
To: 'LTRU Working Group'
Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...


Phillips, Addison wrote:=20

While I agree, I also see what Kent is getting at. There is a way we can =
satisfy both: we can provide a separate ABNF production in 2.2.9 =
(conformance) that lists the 3066-registrations. Such an ABNF could have =
separate productions for redundant, potentially redundant, semantically =
distinct but syntactically redundant, and irregular sets of tags. These =
turn out to be distinct lists that comprise, if I=E2=80=99m not =
mistaken, the complete set of registrations. Some implementers might =
then choose to match this production before doing a well-formed check =
using the =E2=80=9Cregular=E2=80=9D ABNF.=20

I'm not at all keen on having two stages of grammars. And while the =
generative view of grammars is just to produce a set of strings without =
any analysis, grammars as used in computing are most often used to =
generate some kind of parse with a structure, and that structure then =
guiding further processing (in this case registry lookup). And while I =
can certainly special treat the problem cases, I do want to make sure =
that that is clearly communicated to other implementers. Other =
implementers who, by the way, are used to (somewhat) ambiguous grammars =
like those for most programming languages (though perhaps not used to =
process very ambiguous grammars as those constructed for modelling =
natural languages).

=20

Note that the 4646 ABNF allowed for the correct parse of all language =
tags, the draft -15 ABNF forces an incorrect parse of some language =
tags, which I still find is something to howl about...

=20

Whether these tags are obsolete, deprecated, just nine of them, or the =
solution is gerrymandering, is quite irrelevant for this issue. Despite =
the howling complaints against my suggestion, I still stand by my =
suggestion, and in all details it is as follows.

=20

The additions to the ABNF are in bold black:

=20

Language-Tag  =3D langtag

              / privateuse             ; private use tag

              / irregular              ; tags grandfathered by rule

              / falselyregular         ; tags grandfathered by rule,

                                       ;   but look like regular tags

=20

langtag       =3D (language

                 ["-" script]

                 ["-" region]

                 *("-" variant)

                 *("-" extension)

                 ["-" privateuse])

=20

language      =3D 2*3ALPHA               ; shortest ISO 639 code

                [extlang]              ; sometimes followed by=20

                                       ;   extended language subtags

              / 4ALPHA                 ; reserved for future use

              / 5*8ALPHA               ; registered language subtag

=20

extlang       =3D "-" 3ALPHA             ; selected ISO 639 codes,

                                       ;   '-bok', '-nyn', and '-min'

                                       ;    must not match

                *2[ "-" 3ALPHA]        ; permanently reserved

=20

script        =3D 4ALPHA                 ; ISO 15924 code

=20

region        =3D 2ALPHA                 ; ISO 3166-1 code

              / 3DIGIT                 ; UN M.49 code

=20

variant       =3D 5*8alphanum            ; registered variants

                                       ;   '-lojban' must not match

                                       ;   if the prefix is 'art'

                                       ;   '-gaulish' must not match

                                       ;   if the prefix is 'cel'

                                       ;   '-guoyo', '-hakka', and

                                       ;   '-xiang' must not match

                                       ;   if the prefix is 'zh'

              / (DIGIT 3alphanum)

=20

extension     =3D singleton 1*("-" (2*8alphanum))

=20

singleton     =3D %x41-57 / %x59-5A / %x61-77 / %x79-7A / DIGIT

              ; "a"-"w" / "y"-"z" / "A"-"W" / "Y"-"Z" / "0"-"9"

              ; Single alphanumerics

              ; "x" is reserved for private use

=20

privateuse    =3D "x" 1*("-" (1*8alphanum))

=20

irregular     =3D "en-GB-oed" / "i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"

              / "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" / "i-lux"

              / "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / "i-tao"

              / "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "sgn-BE-FR" / "sgn-BE-NL"

              / "sgn-CH-DE"

=20

falselyregular=3D "art-lojban" / "cel-gaulish" / "no-bok" / "no-nyn"

              / "zh-guoyu" / "zh-hakka" / "zh-min" / "zh-min-nan"

              / "zh-xiang"            ; these tags do not contain

                                      ;   extlangs nor variants

=20

alphanum      =3D (ALPHA / DIGIT)       ; letters and numbers

=20

=20

I do not propose any changes to the proto-registry (4645bis) because of =
this. There was some spin-off from the discussion, but that is =
irrelevant for this ABNF proposal as such (but is relevant to the second =
suggested sentence below, but that is not a vital sentence).



=20

The text in 4646bis should say something like the following (since the =
comments aren't normative, but should still of course be correct):



=20

=E2=80=9CThe =E2=80=98falselyregular=E2=80=99 productions take priority =
over other productions. However, all of the =
=E2=80=98falselyregular=E2=80=99 language tags are deprecated.=E2=80=9D

=20

The last sentence is assuming that you accept John=E2=80=99s spin-off =
suggestion to deprecate cel-gaulish.

=20

=20

        /kent k

=20


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<DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D207154504-13062008>Editorial nit:</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D207154504-13062008></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D207154504-13062008>I note=20
that for some reason the leading&nbsp;"-" is included in the extlang =
production,=20
wheras for other items with a leading "-",</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D207154504-13062008>the=20
leading "-" is external to the item production. I'd suggest the same for =
the=20
extlang production. So for 'language' (two first lines =
ony):</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D207154504-13062008></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D207154504-13062008>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">language</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>=3D =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">2*3</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
shortest ISO 639 code</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>["-" </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">extlang</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">]<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN =
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
sometimes followed by </SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D207154504-13062008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>...</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D207154504-13062008></SPAN><FONT=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffcc"><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
color=3D#0000ff><FONT=20
size=3D2><SPAN class=3D207154504-13062008><SPAN =
class=3D207154504-13062008>and for=20
</SPAN>'<SPAN=20
class=3D207154504-13062008>ext</SPAN>lang':</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></=
FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffcc" face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">extlang</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</SPAN>=3D=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">3</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;<SPAN =
class=3D207154504-13062008>=20
</SPAN>&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
selected ISO 639 codes,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN></I></B><B><I><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>;<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>'bok', 'nyn', and=20
'min'<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>must not=20
match<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">*2</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">["-"=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">3</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">]<SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN =
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
permanently reserved</SPAN></I></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><I><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"></SPAN></I>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN><FONT=20
size=3D2><FONT color=3D#0000ff><FONT face=3DArial><SPAN =
class=3D207154504-13062008>I'm=20
not sure why the latter line should not say <FONT size=3D3><SPAN =
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">*2</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">("-"=20
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">3</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US=20
style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">)<FONT=20
face=3DArial><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>=20
instead.</FONT></FONT></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></=
P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN><FONT=20
size=3D2><FONT color=3D#0000ff><FONT face=3DArial><SPAN=20
class=3D207154504-13062008>Also&nbsp;remove the spurious "-":s I had in =
the=20
comment for 'variant'.</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN><FONT=20
size=3D2><FONT color=3D#0000ff><FONT face=3DArial><SPAN=20
class=3D207154504-13062008></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal=20
style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN><FONT=20
size=3D2><FONT color=3D#0000ff><FONT face=3DArial><SPAN=20
class=3D207154504-13062008>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; /kent=20
k</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft>
  <HR tabIndex=3D-1>
  <FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> ltru-bounces@ietf.org=20
  [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Kent=20
  Karlsson<BR><B>Sent:</B> Friday, June 13, 2008 1:17 AM<BR><B>To:</B> =
'LTRU=20
  Working Group'<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Ltru] draft-15=20
  posted...<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=3DTahoma><FONT size=3D2>Phillips, Addison<SPAN=20
  class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT face=3DArial=20
  color=3D#0000ff>&nbsp;wrote:&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
  <BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
  style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
    <DIV></DIV>
    <DIV class=3DSection1>
    <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
    style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'">While=20
    I agree, I also see what Kent is getting at. There is a way we can =
satisfy=20
    both: we can provide a separate ABNF production in 2.2.9 =
(conformance) that=20
    lists the 3066-registrations. Such an ABNF could have separate =
productions=20
    for redundant, potentially redundant, semantically distinct but=20
    syntactically redundant, and irregular sets of tags. These turn out =
to be=20
    distinct lists that comprise, if I=E2=80=99m not mistaken, the =
complete set of=20
    registrations. Some implementers might then choose to match this =
production=20
    before doing a well-formed check using the =E2=80=9Cregular=E2=80=9D =
ABNF.<SPAN=20
    class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff=20
    size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
  class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
  color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>I'm not at all keen on having two stages of =
grammars. And=20
  while the generative view of grammars is just to produce a set of =
strings=20
  without any analysis, grammars as used in computing are most often =
used to=20
  generate some kind of parse with a structure, and that structure then =
guiding=20
  further processing (in this case registry lookup). And while I can =
certainly=20
  special treat the problem cases, I do want to make sure that that is =
clearly=20
  communicated to other implementers. Other implementers who, by the =
way, are=20
  used to (somewhat) ambiguous grammars like those for most programming=20
  languages (though perhaps not used to process very ambiguous grammars =
as those=20
  constructed for modelling natural =
languages).</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
  class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
  color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
  class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
  color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Note that the 4646 ABNF allowed for the =
correct parse of=20
  all language tags, the draft -15 ABNF forces an incorrect parse of =
some=20
  language tags, which I still find is something to howl=20
  about...</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
  class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
  color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
  class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial><FONT=20
  color=3D#0000ff><FONT size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT=20
  face=3DArial>Whether these tags are obsolete, deprecated, just nine of =
them,=20
  or&nbsp;the solution is&nbsp;gerrymandering, is quite irrelevant for =
this=20
  issue. </FONT></SPAN>Despite the howling complaints against my=20
  suggestion,&nbsp;I still stand by my suggestion, and in all details it =
is as=20
  follows.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
  class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
  color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
  class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
  color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>The additions to the ABNF are in bold=20
  black:</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal dir=3Dltr><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
  class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
  color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>&nbsp;</P><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-FAMILY: =
'Calibri','sans-serif'"><SPAN=20
  class=3D391133822-12062008><SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
  color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">Language-Tag</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>=3D </SPAN><SPAN =
lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">langtag</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>/ </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">privateuse</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
  private use tag</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>/ </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">irregular</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
  tags grandfathered by rule</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>/ falselyregular<SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN><I><SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc">; tags grandfathered by=20
  rule,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><B><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN><SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>;<SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>but look like regular=20
  tags</SPAN></I></B><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000 size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">langtag</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</SPAN>=3D=20
  (</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">language</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>["-" </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">script</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">]<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>["-" </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">region</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">]<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">*</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">("-"=20
  </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">variant</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">*</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">("-"=20
  </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">extension</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>["-" </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">privateuse</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR">])<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><o:p><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">language</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>=3D =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">2*3</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
  shortest ISO 639 code</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>[</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">extlang</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">]<SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
  sometimes followed by </SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;<SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>extended language=20
  subtags</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>/ </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">4</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
  reserved for future use</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>/ </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">5*8</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN>=
<I><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
  registered language subtag</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">extlang</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</SPAN>=3D "-"=20
  </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">3</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
  selected ISO 639 codes,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><B><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN></I></B><B><I><SPAN=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>;<SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>'-bok', '-nyn', and=20
  '-min'<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></B></FONT></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>must not=20
  match<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">*2</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">[=20
  "-" </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">3</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">]<SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =

  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
  permanently reserved</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">script</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</SPAN>=3D=20
  </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">4</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
  ISO 15924 code</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">region</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</SPAN>=3D=20
  </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">2</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">ALPHA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: FR">;=20
  ISO 3166-1 code</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>/ </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">3</SPAN><B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: FR">DIGIT</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: FR">;=20
  UN M.49 code</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DFR=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
FR"><o:p><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: SV">variant</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
</SPAN>=3D=20
  </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: SV">5*8</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: SV">alphanum</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: SV">;=20
  registered variants<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN><SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>;<SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>'-lojban' must not=20
  match<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>if the =
prefix is=20
  'art'<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>; <SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>'-gaulish' must=20
  not match<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>if the =
prefix is=20
  'cel'<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>'-guoyo', '-hakka',=20
  and<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><I><SPAN=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>'-xiang' =
must not=20
  match<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></I></B></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><B><I><SPAN=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>if the =
prefix is=20
  'zh'</SPAN></I></B><B><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">/=20
  (</SPAN><B><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: SV">DIGIT</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">=20
  </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: SV">3</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: SV">alphanum</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><o:p><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">extension</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>=3D =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">singleton</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">=20
  </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">1*</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">("-"=20
  (</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">2*8</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">alphanum</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">))<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">singleton</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>=3D =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #006666; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">%x41-57</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"> /=20
  </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #006666; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">%x59-5A</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"> /=20
  </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #006666; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">%x61-77</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"> /=20
  </SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #006666; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">%x79-7A</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"> /=20
  </SPAN><B><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">DIGIT</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
  "a"-"w" / "y"-"z" / "A"-"W" / "Y"-"Z" / "0"-"9"</SPAN></I><SPAN =
lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
  Single alphanumerics</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US">;=20
  "x" is reserved for private use</SPAN></I><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: SV">privateuse</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>=3D "x" =
</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: SV">1*</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">("-"=20
  (</SPAN><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990099; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: SV">1*8</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: SV">alphanum</SPAN><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV">))<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><o:p><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><B><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: SV">irregular</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>=3D =
"en-GB-oed" /=20
  "i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>/ "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" /=20
  "i-lux"<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>/ "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" /=20
  "i-tao"<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN lang=3DSV=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US">/=20
  "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "sgn-BE-FR" / =
"sgn-BE-NL"<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><FONT=20
  size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>/ "sgn-CH-DE"<o:p></o:p></FONT></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT=20
  size=3D2>falselyregular=3D "art-lojban" / "cel-gaulish" / "no-bok" /=20
  "no-nyn"<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DSV style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
SV"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;=20
  </SPAN><SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>/ "zh-guoyu" / =
"zh-hakka"=20
  / "zh-min" / "zh-min-nan"<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><B><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;=20
  </SPAN><SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>/ =
"</SPAN></B><B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN">zh-xiang</SPAN></B><B><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'">"<SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>; these tags do not =
contain<o:p></o:p></SPAN></B></FONT></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><B><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT =
size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN>extlangs nor=20
  variants<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></B></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt =
229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt =
641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'"><o:p><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT =
size=3D2><B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"COLOR: #990000; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US">alphanum</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
  lang=3DEN-US style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; mso-ansi-language: =
EN-US"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: =
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN>=3D (</FONT><B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: =
#3333cc">ALPHA</SPAN></B><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000> / </FONT><B><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: =
#3333cc">DIGIT</SPAN></B><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000>)<SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  </SPAN></FONT><I><SPAN style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff">; =
letters=20
  and numbers<o:p></o:p></SPAN></I></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><I><SPAN =
lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
  size=3D2></FONT></o:p></SPAN></I>&nbsp;</P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><I><SPAN =
lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; COLOR: #6666ff; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier =
New'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></I></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2>I do not propose any changes to the =
proto-registry=20
  (4645bis) because of this. There was some spin-off from the =
discussion, but=20
  that is irrelevant for this ABNF proposal as such (but&nbsp;<SPAN=20
  class=3D391133822-12062008>is relevant </SPAN>to the second suggested =
sentence=20
  below,&nbsp;<SPAN class=3D391133822-12062008>but that </SPAN>is not a =
vital=20
  sentence).<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2></FONT></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2>The text in 4646bis should say =
something like<SPAN=20
  class=3D391133822-12062008> the following (since the comments aren't =
normative,=20
  but should still of course be=20
  correct)</SPAN>:<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2></FONT></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2>=E2=80=9CThe =
=E2=80=98falselyregular=E2=80=99 productions take priority=20
  over other productions. However, all of the =
=E2=80=98falselyregular=E2=80=99 language tags are=20
  deprecated.=E2=80=9D<o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><o:p><FONT=20
  color=3D#000000 size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></SPAN></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=3DEN-US=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND: #ffffcc; FONT-FAMILY: 'Courier New'; =
mso-ansi-language: EN-US"><FONT=20
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2008 23:54:51 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] draft-15 posted...
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> We don't have to have anything to deprecate it "to."

I agree with that principle.



Peter
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Jun 13 00:34:09 2008
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2008 00:34:37 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Phillips, Addison

> <t>Those tags that do not match the 'langtag' production in the ABNF in
> this document or that contain subtags that do not individually appear
> in the registry are maintained in the registry in records of the
> "grandfathered" type.</t>

Catching up, so apologies if you've already addressed this:

You're missing the semantic element; e.g. the subtags in no-bok all appear individually in the registry, and this tag matches the langtag production (up to the point where the prefix value in the registry for the extlang subtag is checked).

Btw, it's not clear to me how a grandfathered tag like "zh-hakka" for which one of the subtags is not in the registry is accommodated at all now by the ABNF. Please explain.



Peter
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2008 00:38:32 -0700
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> That's fine with me, as long as the old newspaper editor in me can be
> satisfied by adding the hyphen to the attributive noun phrase
> "private-use," as in "The private-use tag is intended for private use."

When used attributively, absolutely! (I had written "private-use" at first, but noted the quoted text was not an attributive noun phrase so removed the hyphen.)



Peter
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Peter Constable scripsit:

> Btw, it's not clear to me how a grandfathered tag like "zh-hakka"
> for which one of the subtags is not in the registry is accommodated
> at all now by the ABNF. Please explain.

The BNF thinks it's a language subtag followed by a variant subtag.  The new version of 2.2.8
(grandfathered tags) explains that it isn't.

-- 
Business before pleasure, if not too bloomering long before.
        --Nicholas van Rijn
                John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
                    http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Jun 13 00:48:34 2008
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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Well, presumably rule 4 of 2.2.5 determines that it is not a variant subtag -- which is why it strikes me as not at all being accommodated by the ABNF. (2.2.8 doesn't provide some additional means to syntactically sanction a tag not sanctioned by 2.1 - 2.2.7.) What am I missing? Don't we still need

   Language-Tag = langtag
                  ...
                  / grandfathered

as we did before?



Peter


> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org]
> Sent: Friday, June 13, 2008 12:40 AM
> To: Peter Constable
> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
>
> Peter Constable scripsit:
>
> > Btw, it's not clear to me how a grandfathered tag like "zh-hakka"
> > for which one of the subtags is not in the registry is accommodated
> > at all now by the ABNF. Please explain.
>
> The BNF thinks it's a language subtag followed by a variant subtag.
> The new version of 2.2.8
> (grandfathered tags) explains that it isn't.
>
> --
> Business before pleasure, if not too bloomering long before.
>         --Nicholas van Rijn
>                 John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
>                     http://www.ccil.org/~cowan

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-16 (editor's copy) posted...
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> Some of the proposed Scope values are adjectival ("individual" and 
> "special") while others are not ("collection" and "macrolanguage").  We 
> can make this one "private use" if the group and editors prefer.

I prefer "private-use".

-- 
One art / There is                      John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
No less / No more                       http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
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With sparks / Galore                     --Douglas Hofstadter
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Stabilizing the order of subtag fields
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> This is maybe the smallest add-on proposal in the history of LTRU, and 
> it wasn't even meant to affect draft-4646bis.  This is a mere drop in 
> the ocean of LTRU feature creep.
> 
> I'm willing to withdraw the suggestion and leave the GB record as is.

No, no, just do it.  It doesn't affect anything technical, so it is
within the discretion of the editor -- that's you.

-- 
John Cowan        http://www.ccil.org/~cowan          cowan@ccil.org
Please leave your values                Check your assumptions.  In fact,
   at the front desk.                      check your assumptions at the door.
     --sign in Paris hotel                   --Cordelia Vorkosigan
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Jun 13 07:12:57 2008
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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Peter Constable scripsit:

> Well, presumably rule 4 of 2.2.5 determines that ['hakka' in "zh-hakka"]
> is not a variant subtag -- which is why it strikes me as not at all
> being accommodated by the ABNF.

No, no, we are fanatical Chomskyites here, and our syntax is autonomous.
We do not allow the semantic rules in section 2.2 to sully in any
way the purity of the phrase-structure rules listed in section 2.1.
Though semantically 'hakka' is not a variant tag, nevertheless "zh-hakka"
is accepted by our productions, and so our colorless green ideas are
licensed to sleep with a fury quite unmitigated by mere selection
restrictions.

(To the non-linguists: this is an in-joke with *no* political
implications.)

> (2.2.8 doesn't provide some additional means to syntactically
> sanction a tag not sanctioned by 2.1 - 2.2.7.)

True.

> What am I missing? Don't we still need
> 
>    Language-Tag = langtag
>                   ...
>                   / grandfathered

> as we did before?

We now divide grandfathered tags into two classes: those that are
accepted by the 'langtag' production and those that are not.  The latter
group are necessarily part of the syntax, and are enumerated in the new
'irregular' production.  The former group are enumerated in the prose
of the new version of 2.2.8 found in the current editor's draft, and
their semantic anomalousness is explained there.

-- 
John Cowan   cowan@ccil.org    http://ccil.org/~cowan
You cannot enter here.  Go back to the abyss prepared for you!  Go back!
Fall into the nothingness that awaits you and your Master.  Go! --Gandalf
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
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> Doug Ewell scripsit:
>
> > Some of the proposed Scope values are adjectival ("individual"
> and
> > "special") while others are not ("collection" and
> "macrolanguage").  We
> > can make this one "private use" if the group and editors prefer.
>
> I prefer "private-use".
>

+1 for 1 token.

Addison
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2008 08:20:45 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] private-use scope and extlang...
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Hmm...

I was putting the text about the 'private-use' scope into the draft when it occurred to me: should we provide the private use codes as extlang subtags and not just as primary language subtags?

It would complicate processing, so I hesitate to suggest it. However, we do provide the private use codes in most other places.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of John Cowan
> Sent: Friday, June 13, 2008 6:14 AM
> To: Doug Ewell
> Cc: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-16 (editor's copy) posted...
>
> Doug Ewell scripsit:
>
> > Some of the proposed Scope values are adjectival ("individual"
> and
> > "special") while others are not ("collection" and
> "macrolanguage").  We
> > can make this one "private use" if the group and editors prefer.
>
> I prefer "private-use".
>
> --
> One art / There is                      John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
> No less / No more                       http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
> All things / To do
> With sparks / Galore                     --Douglas Hofstadter
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+1

Mark

On Fri, Jun 13, 2008 at 8:00 AM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>
wrote:

> > Doug Ewell scripsit:
> >
> > > Some of the proposed Scope values are adjectival ("individual"
> > and
> > > "special") while others are not ("collection" and
> > "macrolanguage").  We
> > > can make this one "private use" if the group and editors prefer.
> >
> > I prefer "private-use".
> >
>
> +1 for 1 token.
>
> Addison
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>

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+1<br clear="all"><br>Mark
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Jun 13, 2008 at 8:00 AM, Phillips, Addison &lt;<a href="mailto:addison@amazon.com">addison@amazon.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div class="Ih2E3d">&gt; Doug Ewell scripsit:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Some of the proposed Scope values are adjectival (&quot;individual&quot;<br>
&gt; and<br>
&gt; &gt; &quot;special&quot;) while others are not (&quot;collection&quot; and<br>
&gt; &quot;macrolanguage&quot;). &nbsp;We<br>
&gt; &gt; can make this one &quot;private use&quot; if the group and editors prefer.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; I prefer &quot;private-use&quot;.<br>
&gt;<br>
<br>
</div>+1 for 1 token.<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
Addison<br>
</font><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">_______________________________________________<br>
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</div></div></blockquote></div><br>

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Jun 13 08:55:29 2008
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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Well, Chomsky intended the "context free grammars" (in IETF
instantiated by (IETF) ABNFs) to be useable for parsing *natural*
languages. And while I haven't studied context free grammars
for natural languages, I know that those grammars are *highly*
ambiguous, using other means to weed out hordes of senseless
parsings... (But not, as far as I know, does one twist one parsing
into a completely different one.)

And for denotational semantics (based on an unambiguous, or rule
disambiguated context free grammar), those are *highly* syntax-based,
and a particular *syntactic pattern* (parse tree pattern, if you
like) is given a particular semantics *composed from the semantics*
of the *syntactic* parts.

Either way, the grammar in draft -15 is a no-go.

We are not just plainly and blindly generating a set of strings,
are we?

	/kent k


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of John Cowan
> Sent: Friday, June 13, 2008 4:13 PM
> To: Peter Constable
> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
> 
> Peter Constable scripsit:
> 
> > Well, presumably rule 4 of 2.2.5 determines that ['hakka' in "zh-hakka"]
> > is not a variant subtag -- which is why it strikes me as not at all
> > being accommodated by the ABNF.
> 
> No, no, we are fanatical Chomskyites here, and our syntax is 
> autonomous.
> We do not allow the semantic rules in section 2.2 to sully in any
> way the purity of the phrase-structure rules listed in section 2.1.
> Though semantically 'hakka' is not a variant tag, 
> nevertheless "zh-hakka"
> is accepted by our productions, and so our colorless green ideas are
> licensed to sleep with a fury quite unmitigated by mere selection
> restrictions.
> 
> (To the non-linguists: this is an in-joke with *no* political
> implications.)
> 
> > (2.2.8 doesn't provide some additional means to syntactically
> > sanction a tag not sanctioned by 2.1 - 2.2.7.)
> 
> True.
> 
> > What am I missing? Don't we still need
> > 
> >    Language-Tag = langtag
> >                   ...
> >                   / grandfathered
> 
> > as we did before?
> 
> We now divide grandfathered tags into two classes: those that are
> accepted by the 'langtag' production and those that are not.  
> The latter
> group are necessarily part of the syntax, and are enumerated 
> in the new
> 'irregular' production.  The former group are enumerated in the prose
> of the new version of 2.2.8 found in the current editor's draft, and
> their semantic anomalousness is explained there.
> 
> -- 
> John Cowan   cowan@ccil.org    http://ccil.org/~cowan
> You cannot enter here.  Go back to the abyss prepared for 
> you!  Go back!
> Fall into the nothingness that awaits you and your Master.  
> Go! --Gandalf
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
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> 

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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2008 09:05:56 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Stabilizing the order of subtag fields
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> > I?m okay with this. But let?s not go looking for ways to perfect
> > things just because we can. (I?m wary of feature creep.)
>
> This is maybe the smallest add-on proposal in the history of LTRU, and
> it wasn't even meant to affect draft-4646bis.  This is a mere drop in
> the ocean of LTRU feature creep.
>
> I'm willing to withdraw the suggestion and leave the GB record as is.

As I said, I have no problem with this change. I was commenting on general principles.

Low-hanging fruit aren't necessarily a problem as long there's obvious benefit and little question just what change is needed. But if there's significant disagreement over how to deal with something that isn't really serious, I hope will quickly cut things off. At some point we are going to need to stop, and we need to be raising the bar.



Peter
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> John Cowan


> > Some of the proposed Scope values are adjectival ("individual" and
> > "special") while others are not ("collection" and "macrolanguage").
> We
> > can make this one "private use" if the group and editors prefer.
>
> I prefer "private-use".

As a value for the scope *attribute*, I agree.



Peter
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> From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org]


> > Well, presumably rule 4 of 2.2.5 determines that ['hakka' in "zh-
> hakka"]
> > is not a variant subtag -- which is why it strikes me as not at all
> > being accommodated by the ABNF.
>
> No, no, we are fanatical Chomskyites here, and our syntax is autonomous.
> We do not allow the semantic rules in section 2.2 to sully in any
> way the purity of the phrase-structure rules listed in section 2.1.
> Though semantically 'hakka' is not a variant tag, nevertheless "zh-
> hakka"
> is accepted by our productions

I believe for Chomsky "autonomous syntax" meant a separation between "syntax" (whatever that includes) on the one hand and semantics, pragmatics and general cognition on the other. Radford, in his 1988 book on TG (quoting this rather than more direct source material because that's what's at hand at the moment), describes autonomous syntax thus: "No syntactic rule can make reference to pragmatic, phonological, or semantic information." I'm pretty sure that, for Chomsky, the lexicon was viewed as part of syntax. While section 2.2 does discuss semantics, it also spells out details regarding how the lexicon is defined. The problem I see is that "hakka" is not in the available lexicon.



> > What am I missing? Don't we still need
> >
> >    Language-Tag = langtag
> >                   ...
> >                   / grandfathered
>
> > as we did before?
>
> We now divide grandfathered tags into two classes: those that are
> accepted by the 'langtag' production and those that are not.  The
> latter
> group are necessarily part of the syntax, and are enumerated in the new
> 'irregular' production.  The former group are enumerated in the prose
> of the new version of 2.2.8 found in the current editor's draft, and
> their semantic anomalousness is explained there.

But they do not fit anywhere in the lexicon.



Peter

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2008 09:44:36 -0700
Thread-Topic: draft-16 updated on inter-locale...
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All (editor hat ON)

I have incorporated many of the edits to Scope, etc. and updated draft-16 on inter-locale.

I have not incorporated Kent's proposed ABNF edits at present.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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Peter Constable scripsit:

> I'm pretty sure that, for Chomsky, the lexicon was viewed as part
> of syntax.

I think he meant that the properties of lexemes, rather than the lexemes
themselves, were available to the syntax: it is the fact that DOG is
an animate count noun that the syntax can make use of; there can be no
syntactic rule specific to DOG.

In any case, it's clear from the definition of validity in 2.2.9 that we
do not take this view.  A tag like "ab-abc-abcd-abcde" is well-formed
but not valid; specifically, it is like "'Twas brillig and the slithy
toves did gyre and gimble in the wabe" before Humpty Dumpty glosses it.

> But they do not fit anywhere in the lexicon.

Even if 'hakka' were to be added in the lexicon, "zh-hakka" would
still be grandfathered in the sense of 2.2.8.  As I said, the mark
of a grandfathered tag is that its subtags do not mean what you think
they mean; a grandfathered tag has no compositional meaning.

-- 
All Norstrilians knew what laughter was:        John Cowan
it was "pleasurable corrigible malfunction".    cowan@ccil.org
        --Cordwainer Smith, Norstrilia
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> Well, Chomsky intended the "context free grammars" (in IETF
> instantiated by (IETF) ABNFs) to be useable for parsing *natural*
> languages. 

He gave up that idea more than fifty years ago, for the excellent reason
that it cannot be made to work without allowing a denumerably infinite
number of productions.

> And for denotational semantics (based on an unambiguous, or rule
> disambiguated context free grammar), those are *highly* syntax-based,
> and a particular *syntactic pattern* (parse tree pattern, if you
> like) is given a particular semantics *composed from the semantics*
> of the *syntactic* parts.

Except when it isn't.  In the Basic-Plus language, for example, the
meaning of "ON ERROR GOTO 25" is compositional based on the meanings
of "ON ERROR", "GOTO", and "25" (in this context).  However, "ON ERROR
GOTO 0" is a non-compositional expression meaning "Don't trap errors at all."
Granted that this is a wart, languages do accumulate warts over time.

> We are not just plainly and blindly generating a set of strings,
> are we?

Yes, we are: those blindly generated strings are the well-formed
language tags.  The rules in 2.2.9 then restrict that set to
a subset called the valid language tags, which is what we care about.
After the application of 4645bis, there will be about 10^11 valid
language tags with compositional meaning, and precisely 32 without.
To call that a wart is to give it far too much prominence.

-- 
An observable characteristic is not necessarily         John Cowan
a functional requirement.  --John Hudson                cowan@ccil.org
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John Cowan wrote:
> He gave up that idea more than fifty years ago, for the excellent reason
> that it cannot be made to work without allowing a denumerably infinite
> number of productions.

That hasn't stopped people from trying to parse (imperfectly) natural
languages using context free grammars.

Leaving natural languages for a moment (which I haven't tried to write
any computational parsers for), denumerably infinite number of
productions is not a hindrance in itself. The Algol68 specification
uses that. The infinite number of productions are generated through
using a context free grammar to generate the productions of the actual
grammar, and embodies "semi-semantic" things such as declaration
checking and type checking, including user defined types.

But all of this is VERY tangential to what we are doing in LTRU.

[Skipping BASIC, a programming language I gave up on 30 years ago ;-)]

> > We are not just plainly and blindly generating a set of strings,
> > are we?
> 
> Yes, we are: those blindly generated strings are the well-formed
> language tags.  The rules in 2.2.9 then restrict that set to
> a subset called the valid language tags, which is what we care about.
> After the application of 4645bis, there will be about 10^11 valid
> language tags with compositional meaning, and precisely 32 without.
> To call that a wart is to give it far too much prominence.

Well, then one would be using two grammars, one official, and one
unofficial to get the parse tree right. And while you're happy with
just a set of strings, I would like to have correct parse trees
for them as well. And I see no reason why one would need to use an
unofficial grammar to get the latter, when it is easy to fix the
official grammar to get the proper parse trees.

	/kent k

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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> The Algol68 specification uses that. The infinite number of productions
> are generated through using a context free grammar to generate
> the productions of the actual grammar, and embodies "semi-semantic"
> things such as declaration checking and type checking, including user
> defined types.

Indeed, the Revised Report on Algol 68 encodes the whole of the
operational semantics using the same mechanism: there is actually an
*interpreter* for A68R in the two-level grammar.  But Turing-complete
grammars are worthless for descriptive purposes, for they can accept any
language however gnarly, and therefore tell us nothing about possible
underlying mechanisms, the goal of Chomsky-style linguistics.

> But all of this is VERY tangential to what we are doing in LTRU.

Indeed, and I'll say no more.

> Well, then one would be using two grammars, one official, and one
> unofficial to get the parse tree right. And while you're happy with
> just a set of strings, I would like to have correct parse trees
> for them as well. And I see no reason why one would need to use an
> unofficial grammar to get the latter, when it is easy to fix the
> official grammar to get the proper parse trees.

Just adding a top-level production enumerating the grandfathered tags
will *not* give you proper parse trees.  If you can produce such a
grammar *without* W-grammar-style formalism, I'd be happy to take a look.

-- 
John Cowan   cowan@ccil.org  http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Most languages are dramatically underdescribed, and at least one is
dramatically overdescribed.  Still other languages are simultaneously
overdescribed and underdescribed.  Welsh pertains to the third category.
        --Alan King
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> From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org]

> > But they do not fit anywhere in the lexicon.
>
> Even if 'hakka' were to be added in the lexicon, "zh-hakka" would
> still be grandfathered in the sense of 2.2.8.  As I said, the mark
> of a grandfathered tag is that its subtags do not mean what you think
> they mean; a grandfathered tag has no compositional meaning.

Even so, it seems to me that every subtag in the syntactic production must have a lexical source, and it's not clear to me that we have sanctioned a lexical source in these cases.



Peter

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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John Cowan wrote:

> Just adding a top-level production enumerating the grandfathered tags
> will *not* give you proper parse trees.  If you can produce such a
> grammar *without* W-grammar-style formalism, I'd be happy to 
> take a look.

See the proposal I submitted yesterday. Together with very common
disambiguation rules, often implemented in lexer and parser generating
tools (often used for implementing parsers for programming languages,
and similar formal languages) it is easy to get the proper (abstract)
parse trees. The grammar needs some superficial grammar-syntax changes
to get it into the form accepted by those tools, but will need NO
changes based on registry data if the proposal I submitted is accepted.

I do not propose to use two-level grammars, of course, that would be
a huge leap.

	/kent k

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Peter Constable wrote:
> Even so, it seems to me that every subtag in the syntactic 
> production must have a lexical source, and it's not clear to 
> me that we have sanctioned a lexical source in these cases.

See the ABNF proposal I submitted yesterday. There "hakka"
and a few other strings that **look like** extlangs or variants
but are not are all disallowed from being parsed as extlangs
or variants, and are handled in separate productions for
"falselyregular" Language-Tags.

	/kent k

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> Why not combine them into a single "grandfathered" production -- sort of 
> like the one we already have, but with the members of class F added --  
> and parse that first, as Kent requires for his class F?

ABNF, like most grammar formalisms, doesn't have any notion of "parse that
first", or priority between productions.  You wind up with a grammar which
can parse "zh-hakka" two ways: as a grandfathered tag, and as a language
subtag + variant tag.  The only way out of that is to write the 'variant'
production to exclude 'hakka' and 'lojban' and 'xiang' altogether,
as Kent does, which makes it impossible ever to register any of them
as legitimate variants.  Which is far too arbitrary to be worthwhile.

-- 
I could dance with you till the cows            John Cowan
come home.  On second thought, I'd              http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
rather dance with the cows when you             cowan@ccil.org
came home.  --Rufus T. Firefly
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> That's what I thought, but most of the people involved in this thread 
> (as well as most squirrels) know more about ABNF than I do, and I hadn't 
> yet heard anyone say "you can't do that" in response to Kent's proposal, 
> so I assumed there must be some way to do that.

Not directly in the ABNF in any perspicuous way.  Some other similar
formalisms do have a way to say "A but not B", but ABNF doesn't.

> I would have thought it would be necessary to (a) enumerate all the 
> variants, which would mean changing the ABNF every time a new variant is 
> registered, or (b) define "variant" by means of a diabolically complex 
> regular expression, excluding the forbidden ones while allowing 'hakban' 
> and 'lojang' and such.

Kent actually has three proposals: adding comments to the ABNF serving the
role of "A but not B", which would be as he says "informal", and probably
non-normative; adding normative text to 2.1 to exclude them; or the
"diabolically complex regular expression", which as he says would be
"very lengthy and confusing".

The status quo is to allow them to be parsed but give them special
semantics by the prose in 2.2.8.

> General question: Is this a problem that can realistically be solved to 
> the satisfaction of the IETF LC reviewers, who will surely run the ABNF 
> through their parsers and validators looking for errors or 
> inconsistencies, as they did last time?

Parsers and validators will not understand comments or normative text,
and I think everyone would hurl at the sight of the necessary rules to
define 'variant' correctly:

variant = ("a"-"f" / "i"-"k" / "m"-"w" / "y"-"z" / DIGIT) 4*7alphanum
        / "g" ("b"-"t" / "v"-"z" / DIGIT) 3*6alphanum
        / "ga" ("a"-"t" / "v"-"z" / DIGIT) 2*5alphanum
        / "gau" ("a"-"k" / "m"-"z" / DIGIT) 1*4alphanum
        / "gaul" ("a"-"h" / "j"-"z" / DIGIT) 0*3alphanum
        / "gauli" ("a"-"r" / "t"-"z" / DIGIT) 0*2alphanum
        / "gaulis" ("a"-"g" / "i"-"z" / DIGIT) 0*1 alphanum
        / "gaulish" 1alphanum
        / "gu" ("a"-"n" / "p"-"z" / DIGIT) 2*5alphanum
        / "guo" ("a"-"x" / "z" / DIGIT) 1*4alphanum
        / "guoy" ("a"-"t" / "v"-"z" / DIGIT) 0*3alphanum
        / "guoyu" 1*3alphanum
        / "h" ("b"-"z" / DIGIT) 3*6alphanum
        / "ha" ("a"-"j" / "l"-"z" / DIGIT) 2*5alphanum
        / "hak" ("a"-"j" / "l"-"z" / DIGIT) 1*4alphanum
        / "hakk" ("b"-"z" / DIGIT) 0*3alphanum
        / "hakka" 1*3alphanum
        / "l" ("a"-"n" / "p"-"z" / DIGIT) 3*6alphanum
        / "lo" ("a"-"i" / "k"-"z" / DIGIT) 2*5 alphanum
        / "loj" ("a" / "c"-"z" / DIGIT) 1*4alphanum
        / "lojb" ("b"-"z" / DIGIT) 0*3alphanum
        / "lojba" ("a"-"m" / "o"-"z" / DIGIT) 0*2alphanum
        / "lojban" 1*2alphanum
        / "x" ("a"-"h" / "j"-"z" / DIGIT) 3*6alphanum
        / "xi" ("b"-"z" / DIGIT) 2*5alphanum
        / "xia" ("a"-"m" / "o"-"z" / DIGIT) 1*4alphanum
        / "xian" ("a"-"f" / "h"-"z" / DIGIT) 0*3alphanum
        / "xiang" 1*3alphanum
        / DIGIT 3alphanum

This needs to be further obfuscated by expanding the non-ABNF ranges like
"a"-"c" to "%41-43 / %61-63".

-- 
LEAR: Dost thou call me fool, boy?      John Cowan
FOOL: All thy other titles              http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
             thou hast given away:      cowan@ccil.org
      That thou wast born with.
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 13 Jun 2008 22:24:57 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] private-use scope and extlang...
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> > should we provide the private use codes as extlang subtags and not
> > just as primary language subtags?
>
> I don't see a benefit in this.

I think I'm inclined to agree: if people want to add some private-use variation for an ISO 639 ID foo, they can always use foo-...x-...



Peter
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Land Dayak languages
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Doug Ewell scripsit:
> I wrote:
> 
> > Code element 'day' ("Land Dayak languages") is present in 639-2, but 
> > not 639-5.  I was under the impression that 639-5 would contain all of 
> > the 639-2 collection codes and then some.
> 
> Bihari isn't there either.  My impression was not well-founded.  There 
> will be a little more manual merging than I had expected, but it will 
> get done.

It seems very clear to me that 639-5 was forked from an earlier version
of 639-2, when the labels were just "Carib" and "Dayak" and "Bihari".
The 639-5 redactor seemingly decided that "Carib" was a collection and that
"Dayak" and "Bihari" were not, and no reconciliation was ever done with
the later changes to -2.

-- 
John Cowan  cowan@ccil.org  http://ccil.org/~cowan
Female celebrity stalker, on a hot morning in Cairo:
"Imagine, Colonel Lawrence, ninety-two already!"
El Auruns's reply:  "Many happy returns of the day!"
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John Cowan wrote:
> Doug Ewell scripsit:
> 
> > Why not combine them into a single "grandfathered" production -- sort of 
> > like the one we already have, but with the members of class F added --  
> > and parse that first, as Kent requires for his class F?
> 
> ABNF, like most grammar formalisms, doesn't have any notion of "parse that
> first", or priority between productions.  You wind up with a grammar which
> can parse "zh-hakka" two ways: as a grandfathered tag, and as a language
> subtag + variant tag.

While that is true, commonly used parser generation tools used for
deterministic parsing (and lexing) of many formal languages, from
simple to complex (command languages, programming languages, and,
why not, language tags, esp. if they are embedded into some other
formal language being parsed), solve this ex-grammatically. And if
you were to write a deterministic parser without using those parser
generation tools, you would solve the prioritisation by choosing
which order to try the productions.

If you insist on using a parser (made by generator or "by hand")
that returns all possible parses of a given string, you would get
two parse trees for these problem cases, one of which can be weeded 
out based on registry data (which at that point in the process is 
quite ok, since *at that point* you will then be looking at registry 
data anyway to determine validity). If you are interested only in 
"pass"/"nopass" for wellformedness, all you need to see is that you
got more than zero parse trees in return. Getting two instead of
just one parse tree is not a problem. (But using a non-deterministic
parser for this seems to be overkill... Non-deterministic here means
"all, maybe more than one", not "choose one arbitrarily".)

But using the -15 grammar, always getting at most one parse tree, but
sometimes reshape it (actually or conceptually) based on registry data,
I find very strange.

>  The only way out of that is to write the 'variant'
> production to exclude 'hakka' and 'lojban' and 'xiang' altogether,
> as Kent does, which makes it impossible ever to register any of them
> as legitimate variants.  Which is far too arbitrary to be worthwhile.

Well, that wasn't my suggestion. While I did so for the 'bok', 'nyn',
and 'min' (which are all ineligeble for ever becoming extlangs, IIUC),
I did not suggest that for 'hakka' etc. There, my suggestion was (here
removing the spurious '-'):

  'lojban' must not match if the prefix is 'art' [or 'art-' if you want
	the concrete prefix],
  'gaulish' must not match if the prefix is 'cel',
  'guoyo', 'hakka', and 'xiang' must not match if the prefix is 'zh'

That way 'guoyo' etc. are still available to be registered as variants,
just not for the specific prefixes listed.

While not necessary, it would be fine to use the same approach for
'bok', 'nyn', and 'min' (and that would simplify the actual
implementation of a deterministic-by-disambiguation-rules parser...).

Even so, this exclusion *can* be baked into the grammar making it
deterministic, in a way similar to what you (John) showed. But
no-one would like that solution.

	/kent k

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Land Dayak languages
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> It seems very clear to me that 639-5 was forked from an earlier version
> of 639-2, when the labels were just "Carib" and "Dayak" and "Bihari".
> The 639-5 redactor seemingly decided that "Carib" was a collection and that
> "Dayak" and "Bihari" were not, and no reconciliation was ever 
> done with the later changes to -2.

I still haven't seen this list of codes, nor seen a public web reference
to it. Someone said it will be published that way.

Or is the RA busy weeding out problems before publishing the list?

There is a whole bunch of similar changes (mostly making/clarifying that
the code (is) a collection code, except for Carib) listed in the change
log, done at about the same time:

  car Galibi Carib karib; galibi; carib 2006-11-22 NC Name changed from "Carib"
	[exceptionally going the other direction]
  bad Banda languages banda, langues 2006-10-31 NC Name change to denote collection 
  btk Batak languages batak, langues 2006-10-31 NC Name change to denote collection 
  day Land Dayak languages dayak, langues 2006-10-31 NC Name change to denote collection 
  ijo Ijo languages ijo, langues 2006-10-31 NC Name change to denote collection 
  kar Karen languages karen, langues 2006-10-31 NC Name change to denote collection 
  kro Kru languages krou, langues 2006-10-31 NC Name change to denote collection 
  nah Nahuatl languages nahuatl, langues 2006-10-31 NC Name change to denote collection 
  son Songhai languages songhai, langues 2006-10-31 NC Name change to denote collection  
  [ srn Sranan Tongo sranan tongo 2006-10-31 NC Typographical error corrected ]
  znd Zande languages zande, langues 2006-10-31 NC Name change to denote collection 


	/kent k

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] private-use scope and extlang...
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I agree

Mark

On Fri, Jun 13, 2008 at 10:24 PM, Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
wrote:

> > From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> > Doug Ewell
>
>
> > > should we provide the private use codes as extlang subtags and not
> > > just as primary language subtags?
> >
> > I don't see a benefit in this.
>
> I think I'm inclined to agree: if people want to add some private-use
> variation for an ISO 639 ID foo, they can always use foo-...x-...
>
>
>
> Peter
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
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I agree<br clear="all"><br>Mark
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Jun 13, 2008 at 10:24 PM, Peter Constable &lt;<a href="mailto:petercon@microsoft.com">petercon@microsoft.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div class="Ih2E3d">&gt; From: <a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On Behalf Of<br>
</div>&gt; Doug Ewell<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
&gt; &gt; should we provide the private use codes as extlang subtags and not<br>
&gt; &gt; just as primary language subtags?<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; I don&#39;t see a benefit in this.<br>
<br>
</div>I think I&#39;m inclined to agree: if people want to add some private-use variation for an ISO 639 ID foo, they can always use foo-...x-...<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
<br>
<br>
Peter<br>
</font><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">_______________________________________________<br>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Land Dayak languages
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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> I still haven't seen this list of codes, nor seen a public web reference
> to it. Someone said it will be published that way.

It has been published openly on the web -- just not without charge.
There are ways of obtaining it without charge, however:  beggary, bribery,
blackmail, ....

> Or is the RA busy weeding out problems before publishing the list?

Alas, probably not -- it's just the ISO wheels grinding to achieve
publication without charge.

> There is a whole bunch of similar changes (mostly making/clarifying
> that the code (is) a collection code, except for Carib) listed in the
> change log, done at about the same time:

Yes, I think that's the relevant set of changes.

-- 
John Cowan       http://www.ccil.org/~cowan        <cowan@ccil.org>
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        You spigotty anglease?  Nnn.  You phonio saxo?  Nnnn.
                Clear all so!  `Tis a Jute.... (Finnegans Wake 16.5)
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Date: Sat, 14 Jun 2008 10:45:53 -0700
From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
To: "Kent Karlsson" <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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http://inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-16.html#syntax

1. This is really a tempest in a teapot. To address this, we can make the
following change.

The grandfathered tags registered underRFC
3066<http://inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-16.html#RFC3066>
[RFC3066],
a fixed list that can never change, are the only exception to this ability
to infer meaning from subtag structure.

=>

[new paragraph]This ability to infer meaning from subtag structure has a
small, fixed list of exceptions: the grandfathered tags registered under
RFC 3066 [RFC3066].
Some of these grandfathered tags are irregular, and listed in the ABNF
below. There are nine others that
are syntactically
regular, but whose meaning is not derivable from their subtags. For
more information, see section
2.8.8.


2. I do agree with Kent's proposed change to the ABNF for consistency:

                [extlang]              *; sometimes followed by *

=>

                ["-" extlang]              *; sometimes followed by *

and

extlang       = "-" 3ALPHA             *; selected ISO 639 codes*
                *2[ "-" 3ALPHA]        *; permanently reserved*

=>

extlang       = 3ALPHA             *; selected ISO 639 codes*
                *2( "-" 3ALPHA)        *; permanently reserved*


http://inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-16.html#preexisreg

3. I agree with John that the following is not quite grammatical.

The nine grandfathered tags "art-lojban", "cel-gaulish", "no-bok", "no-nyn",
"zh-guoyu", "zh-hakka", "zh-min", "zh-min-nan", and "zh-xiang" match the
'langtag' production in Figure
1<http://inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-16.html#ABNF>
.


I suggest rewriting the sentence for clarity to:

Nine grandfathered tags
match the 'langtag' production in Figure 1: "art-lojban",
"cel-gaulish", "no-bok", "no-nyn", "zh-guoyu", "zh-hakka", "zh-min",
"zh-min-nan", and "zh-xiang".




Mark

On Sat, Jun 14, 2008 at 4:00 AM, Kent Karlsson <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
wrote:

>
> John Cowan wrote:
> > Doug Ewell scripsit:
> >
> > > Why not combine them into a single "grandfathered" production -- sort
> of
> > > like the one we already have, but with the members of class F added --
> > > and parse that first, as Kent requires for his class F?
> >
> > ABNF, like most grammar formalisms, doesn't have any notion of "parse
> that
> > first", or priority between productions.  You wind up with a grammar
> which
> > can parse "zh-hakka" two ways: as a grandfathered tag, and as a language
> > subtag + variant tag.
>
> While that is true, commonly used parser generation tools used for
> deterministic parsing (and lexing) of many formal languages, from
> simple to complex (command languages, programming languages, and,
> why not, language tags, esp. if they are embedded into some other
> formal language being parsed), solve this ex-grammatically. And if
> you were to write a deterministic parser without using those parser
> generation tools, you would solve the prioritisation by choosing
> which order to try the productions.
>
> If you insist on using a parser (made by generator or "by hand")
> that returns all possible parses of a given string, you would get
> two parse trees for these problem cases, one of which can be weeded
> out based on registry data (which at that point in the process is
> quite ok, since *at that point* you will then be looking at registry
> data anyway to determine validity). If you are interested only in
> "pass"/"nopass" for wellformedness, all you need to see is that you
> got more than zero parse trees in return. Getting two instead of
> just one parse tree is not a problem. (But using a non-deterministic
> parser for this seems to be overkill... Non-deterministic here means
> "all, maybe more than one", not "choose one arbitrarily".)
>
> But using the -15 grammar, always getting at most one parse tree, but
> sometimes reshape it (actually or conceptually) based on registry data,
> I find very strange.
>
> >  The only way out of that is to write the 'variant'
> > production to exclude 'hakka' and 'lojban' and 'xiang' altogether,
> > as Kent does, which makes it impossible ever to register any of them
> > as legitimate variants.  Which is far too arbitrary to be worthwhile.
>
> Well, that wasn't my suggestion. While I did so for the 'bok', 'nyn',
> and 'min' (which are all ineligeble for ever becoming extlangs, IIUC),
> I did not suggest that for 'hakka' etc. There, my suggestion was (here
> removing the spurious '-'):
>
>  'lojban' must not match if the prefix is 'art' [or 'art-' if you want
>        the concrete prefix],
>  'gaulish' must not match if the prefix is 'cel',
>  'guoyo', 'hakka', and 'xiang' must not match if the prefix is 'zh'
>
> That way 'guoyo' etc. are still available to be registered as variants,
> just not for the specific prefixes listed.
>
> While not necessary, it would be fine to use the same approach for
> 'bok', 'nyn', and 'min' (and that would simplify the actual
> implementation of a deterministic-by-disambiguation-rules parser...).
>
> Even so, this exclusion *can* be baked into the grammar making it
> deterministic, in a way similar to what you (John) showed. But
> no-one would like that solution.
>
>        /kent k
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>

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<div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; white-space: normal; "><a href="http://inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-16.html#syntax">http://inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-16.html#syntax</a><br>
</span></span></div><div><br></div>1.&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;really&nbsp;a&nbsp;tempest&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;teapot. To address this, we can make the following change.<div><br></div><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; padding: 0px;">
<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; ">The grandfathered tags registered under<a class="info" href="http://inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-16.html#RFC3066" style="font-weight: bold; position: relative; z-index: 24; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(153, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; ">RFC 3066</a>&nbsp;[RFC3066], a fixed list that can never change, are the only exception to this ability to infer meaning from subtag structure.</span><br>
</blockquote><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana;">=&gt;<br></span><div><br></div></div><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; padding: 0px;">[new paragraph]This&nbsp;ability&nbsp;to&nbsp;infer&nbsp;meaning&nbsp;from&nbsp;subtag&nbsp;structure has a small, fixed&nbsp;list of exceptions: the grandfathered&nbsp;tags&nbsp;registered&nbsp;under RFC&nbsp;3066&nbsp;[RFC3066]. Some&nbsp;of&nbsp;these&nbsp;grandfathered&nbsp;tags&nbsp;are&nbsp;irregular,&nbsp;and&nbsp;listed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;ABNF&nbsp;below.&nbsp;There&nbsp;are&nbsp;nine&nbsp;others&nbsp;that are syntactically regular,&nbsp;but&nbsp;whose&nbsp;meaning&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;derivable&nbsp;from&nbsp;their&nbsp;subtags.&nbsp;For&nbsp;more&nbsp;information,&nbsp;see&nbsp;section&nbsp;<a href="http://2.8.8.">2.8.8.</a></blockquote>
<div><div><div><div><br></div>2.&nbsp;I&nbsp;do&nbsp;agree&nbsp;with Kent&#39;s proposed&nbsp;change&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;ABNF&nbsp;for&nbsp;consistency:<br><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre;"><br>
</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: &#39;Lucida Grande&#39;; font-size: 12px; white-space: pre;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 13px; white-space: normal; "><pre style="font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; text-align: left; padding-top: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); ">
                [<cite class="id" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(153, 0, 0); ">extlang</cite>]              <em style="font-style: italic; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(102, 102, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204); font-weight: normal; ">; sometimes followed by </em></pre>
</span></span>=&gt;</div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; "><pre style="font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; text-align: left; padding-top: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); ">
                [&quot;-&quot; <cite class="id" style="font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(153, 0, 0); ">extlang</cite>]              <em style="font-style: italic; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(102, 102, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204); font-weight: normal; ">; sometimes followed by </em></pre>
</span><div>and</div><div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; "><pre style="font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; text-align: left; padding-top: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); ">
<dfn style="font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(153, 0, 0); ">extlang</dfn>       = &quot;<span class="str" style="font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 255, 255); ">-</span>&quot; <span class="rep" style="font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(153, 0, 153); ">3</span><cite class="key" style="font-style: normal; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 204); font-weight: bold; ">ALPHA</cite>             <em style="font-style: italic; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(102, 102, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204); font-weight: normal; ">; selected ISO 639 codes</em>
                <span class="rep" style="font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(153, 0, 153); ">*2</span>[ &quot;<span class="str" style="font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 255, 255); ">-</span>&quot; <span class="rep" style="font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(153, 0, 153); ">3</span><cite class="key" style="font-style: normal; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 204); font-weight: bold; ">ALPHA</cite>]        <em style="font-style: italic; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(102, 102, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204); font-weight: normal; ">; permanently reserved</em>
</pre><div style="text-align: left;">=&gt;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><pre style="font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; text-align: left; padding-top: 4px; padding-right: 4px; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-left: 4px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); ">
<dfn style="font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(153, 0, 0); ">extlang</dfn>       = <span class="rep" style="font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(153, 0, 153); ">3</span><cite class="key" style="font-style: normal; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 204); font-weight: bold; ">ALPHA</cite>             <em style="font-style: italic; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(102, 102, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204); font-weight: normal; ">; selected ISO 639 codes</em>
                <span class="rep" style="font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(153, 0, 153); ">*2(</span> &quot;<span class="str" style="font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(204, 255, 255); ">-</span>&quot; <span class="rep" style="font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(153, 0, 153); ">3</span><cite class="key" style="font-style: normal; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(51, 51, 204); font-weight: bold; ">ALPHA)</cite>        <em style="font-style: italic; font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;, Courier, monospace; font-size: small; color: rgb(102, 102, 255); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 204); font-weight: normal; ">; permanently reserved</em>
</pre><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 255); font-family: &#39;Courier New&#39;; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; white-space: pre;"><br></span></div></div></span></div><a href="http://inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-16.html#preexisreg">http://inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-16.html#preexisreg</a></div>
<div><br>3.&nbsp;I&nbsp;agree&nbsp;with&nbsp;John&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;is&nbsp;not quite grammatical.</div><div><br></div></div><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; padding: 0px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; ">The nine grandfathered tags &quot;art-lojban&quot;,</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: verdana; ">&nbsp;&quot;cel-gaulish&quot;, &quot;no-bok&quot;, &quot;no-nyn&quot;, &quot;zh-guoyu&quot;, &quot;zh-hakka&quot;, &quot;zh-min&quot;, &quot;zh-min-nan&quot;, and &quot;zh-xiang&quot; match the &#39;langtag&#39; production in&nbsp;<a class="info" href="http://inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-16.html#ABNF" style="font-weight: bold; position: relative; z-index: 24; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(153, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; ">Figure&nbsp;1</a>.</span></blockquote>
<div><br></div><div>I&nbsp;suggest&nbsp;rewriting&nbsp;the&nbsp;sentence&nbsp;for&nbsp;clarity&nbsp;to:</div><div><br></div></div><blockquote class="webkit-indent-blockquote" style="margin: 0 0 0 40px; border: none; padding: 0px;">Nine&nbsp;grandfathered&nbsp;tags match&nbsp;the&nbsp;&#39;langtag&#39;&nbsp;production&nbsp;in&nbsp;Figure&nbsp;1:&nbsp;&quot;art-lojban&quot;,&nbsp;&quot;cel-gaulish&quot;,&nbsp;&quot;no-bok&quot;,&nbsp;&quot;no-nyn&quot;,&nbsp;&quot;zh-guoyu&quot;,&nbsp;&quot;zh-hakka&quot;,&nbsp;&quot;zh-min&quot;,&nbsp;&quot;zh-min-nan&quot;,&nbsp;and&nbsp;&quot;zh-xiang&quot;.<br>
</blockquote><div><div><div><div><div><br><br><br>Mark
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Jun 14, 2008 at 4:00 AM, Kent Karlsson &lt;<a href="mailto:kent.karlsson14@comhem.se">kent.karlsson14@comhem.se</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
John Cowan wrote:<br>
&gt; Doug Ewell scripsit:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Why not combine them into a single &quot;grandfathered&quot; production -- sort of<br>
&gt; &gt; like the one we already have, but with the members of class F added --<br>
&gt; &gt; and parse that first, as Kent requires for his class F?<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; ABNF, like most grammar formalisms, doesn&#39;t have any notion of &quot;parse that<br>
&gt; first&quot;, or priority between productions. &nbsp;You wind up with a grammar which<br>
&gt; can parse &quot;zh-hakka&quot; two ways: as a grandfathered tag, and as a language<br>
&gt; subtag + variant tag.<br>
<br>
</div>While that is true, commonly used parser generation tools used for<br>
deterministic parsing (and lexing) of many formal languages, from<br>
simple to complex (command languages, programming languages, and,<br>
why not, language tags, esp. if they are embedded into some other<br>
formal language being parsed), solve this ex-grammatically. And if<br>
you were to write a deterministic parser without using those parser<br>
generation tools, you would solve the prioritisation by choosing<br>
which order to try the productions.<br>
<br>
If you insist on using a parser (made by generator or &quot;by hand&quot;)<br>
that returns all possible parses of a given string, you would get<br>
two parse trees for these problem cases, one of which can be weeded<br>
out based on registry data (which at that point in the process is<br>
quite ok, since *at that point* you will then be looking at registry<br>
data anyway to determine validity). If you are interested only in<br>
&quot;pass&quot;/&quot;nopass&quot; for wellformedness, all you need to see is that you<br>
got more than zero parse trees in return. Getting two instead of<br>
just one parse tree is not a problem. (But using a non-deterministic<br>
parser for this seems to be overkill... Non-deterministic here means<br>
&quot;all, maybe more than one&quot;, not &quot;choose one arbitrarily&quot;.)<br>
<br>
But using the -15 grammar, always getting at most one parse tree, but<br>
sometimes reshape it (actually or conceptually) based on registry data,<br>
I find very strange.<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt; &nbsp;The only way out of that is to write the &#39;variant&#39;<br>
&gt; production to exclude &#39;hakka&#39; and &#39;lojban&#39; and &#39;xiang&#39; altogether,<br>
&gt; as Kent does, which makes it impossible ever to register any of them<br>
&gt; as legitimate variants. &nbsp;Which is far too arbitrary to be worthwhile.<br>
<br>
</div>Well, that wasn&#39;t my suggestion. While I did so for the &#39;bok&#39;, &#39;nyn&#39;,<br>
and &#39;min&#39; (which are all ineligeble for ever becoming extlangs, IIUC),<br>
I did not suggest that for &#39;hakka&#39; etc. There, my suggestion was (here<br>
removing the spurious &#39;-&#39;):<br>
<br>
 &nbsp;&#39;lojban&#39; must not match if the prefix is &#39;art&#39; [or &#39;art-&#39; if you want<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;the concrete prefix],<br>
 &nbsp;&#39;gaulish&#39; must not match if the prefix is &#39;cel&#39;,<br>
 &nbsp;&#39;guoyo&#39;, &#39;hakka&#39;, and &#39;xiang&#39; must not match if the prefix is &#39;zh&#39;<br>
<br>
That way &#39;guoyo&#39; etc. are still available to be registered as variants,<br>
just not for the specific prefixes listed.<br>
<br>
While not necessary, it would be fine to use the same approach for<br>
&#39;bok&#39;, &#39;nyn&#39;, and &#39;min&#39; (and that would simplify the actual<br>
implementation of a deterministic-by-disambiguation-rules parser...).<br>
<br>
Even so, this exclusion *can* be baked into the grammar making it<br>
deterministic, in a way similar to what you (John) showed. But<br>
no-one would like that solution.<br>
<br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;/kent k<br>
<div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c"><br>
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To: Mark Davis <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
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	Kent Karlsson <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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Mark Davis scripsit:

> [new paragraph]This ability to infer meaning from subtag structure has
> a small, fixed list of exceptions: the grandfathered tags registered
> under RFC 3066 [RFC3066].  Some of these grandfathered tags are
> irregular, and listed in the ABNF below. There are nine others that
> are syntactically regular, but whose meaning is not derivable from
> their subtags. For more information, see section 2.8.8.

+1

> 2. I do agree with Kent's proposed change to the ABNF for consistency:

+1

> 3. I agree with John that the following is not quite grammatical.
> 
> The nine grandfathered tags "art-lojban", "cel-gaulish", "no-bok", "no-nyn",
> "zh-guoyu", "zh-hakka", "zh-min", "zh-min-nan", and "zh-xiang" match the
> 'langtag' production in Figure
> 1<http://inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-16.html#ABNF>
> .
> 
> 
> I suggest rewriting the sentence for clarity to:
> 
> Nine grandfathered tags
> match the 'langtag' production in Figure 1: "art-lojban",
> "cel-gaulish", "no-bok", "no-nyn", "zh-guoyu", "zh-hakka", "zh-min",
> "zh-min-nan", and "zh-xiang".

+0

-- 
John Cowan  cowan@ccil.org   http://ccil.org/~cowan
It's the old, old story.  Droid meets droid.  Droid becomes chameleon.
Droid loses chameleon, chameleon becomes blob, droid gets blob back
again.  It's a classic tale.  --Kryten, Red Dwarf
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> My current list of discrepancies is as follows:
>
> 1. Identified as collections in 639-3 but not present at all in -5:
>
> bh  - Bihari
> day - Land Dayak languages
> him - Himachali
>
> These must be retained in draft-4645bis...

> 2. Identified as an individual language in 639-2 and -3 but as a
> collection in -5:
>
> car - Galibi Carib ("Carib languages" in -5)
>
> I need guidance from the WG on what to do here.  The answer might be
> "wait until ISO 639 resolves it," which could be an indefinite wait
> although Peter says they should resolve it ASAP.  Or, it might be to
> pick either the -2/-3 individual name and denotation, or the -5
> collection denotation.

I will do what I can to get a commitment from the -5 RA to the effect that these will be resolved in a manner consistent with -2/-3 prior to the -5 being published online.

In any event, only 'car' is really problematic for us here.



Peter
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Date: Mon, 16 Jun 2008 11:35:47 +0900
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
From: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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It is possible to define additional rules such as
'first-match-wins'. As an example, the URI spec
(http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt) says:

   The syntax rule for host is ambiguous because it does not completely
   distinguish between an IPv4address and a reg-name.  In order to
   disambiguate the syntax, we apply the "first-match-wins" algorithm:
   If host matches the rule for IPv4address, then it should be
   considered an IPv4 address literal and not a reg-name.

Regards,   Martin.

At 10:29 08/06/14, John Cowan wrote:
>Doug Ewell scripsit:
>
>> Why not combine them into a single "grandfathered" production -- sort of 
>> like the one we already have, but with the members of class F added --  
>> and parse that first, as Kent requires for his class F?
>
>ABNF, like most grammar formalisms, doesn't have any notion of "parse that
>first", or priority between productions.  You wind up with a grammar which
>can parse "zh-hakka" two ways: as a grandfathered tag, and as a language
>subtag + variant tag.  The only way out of that is to write the 'variant'
>production to exclude 'hakka' and 'lojban' and 'xiang' altogether,
>as Kent does, which makes it impossible ever to register any of them
>as legitimate variants.  Which is far too arbitrary to be worthwhile.
>
>-- 
>I could dance with you till the cows            John Cowan
>come home.  On second thought, I'd              http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
>rather dance with the cows when you             cowan@ccil.org
>came home.  --Rufus T. Firefly
>_______________________________________________
>Ltru mailing list
>Ltru@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Jun 17 01:03:11 2008
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References: <mailman.13637.1213372107.4906.ltru@ietf.org><EEA2EA212D25476A874D5B1DDA563F3D@DGBP7M81><20080614012907.GF25384@mercury.ccil.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
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And similar methods are commonly used when specifying programming
languages. I'd like to see John trying to convince an established
programming language committee to change the grammar they are using
because it is ambiguous...

I don't really see why LTRU has been stricken by the "not invented
here syndrome" on this point. Especially since the replacement
invention is not particularly nice or nifty, and is far from
necessary. Let's employ conventional methods, please.

	/kent k

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Martin Duerst
> Sent: Monday, June 16, 2008 4:36 AM
> To: John Cowan; Doug Ewell
> Cc: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
> 
> It is possible to define additional rules such as
> 'first-match-wins'. As an example, the URI spec
> (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt) says:
> 
>    The syntax rule for host is ambiguous because it does not 
> completely
>    distinguish between an IPv4address and a reg-name.  In order to
>    disambiguate the syntax, we apply the "first-match-wins" algorithm:
>    If host matches the rule for IPv4address, then it should be
>    considered an IPv4 address literal and not a reg-name.
> 
> Regards,   Martin.
> 
> At 10:29 08/06/14, John Cowan wrote:
> >Doug Ewell scripsit:
> >
> >> Why not combine them into a single "grandfathered" 
> production -- sort of 
> >> like the one we already have, but with the members of 
> class F added --  
> >> and parse that first, as Kent requires for his class F?
> >
> >ABNF, like most grammar formalisms, doesn't have any notion 
> of "parse that
> >first", or priority between productions.  You wind up with a 
> grammar which
> >can parse "zh-hakka" two ways: as a grandfathered tag, and 
> as a language
> >subtag + variant tag.  The only way out of that is to write 
> the 'variant'
> >production to exclude 'hakka' and 'lojban' and 'xiang' altogether,
> >as Kent does, which makes it impossible ever to register any of them
> >as legitimate variants.  Which is far too arbitrary to be worthwhile.
> >
> >-- 
> >I could dance with you till the cows            John Cowan
> >come home.  On second thought, I'd              
> http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
> >rather dance with the cows when you             cowan@ccil.org
> >came home.  --Rufus T. Firefly
> >_______________________________________________
> >Ltru mailing list
> >Ltru@ietf.org
> >https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> 
> 
> #-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
> #-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       
> mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> 

_______________________________________________
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Ltru@ietf.org
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2008 09:24:08 -0700
Thread-Topic: ABNF for grandfathered/irregular (was RE: [Ltru] Section 2.2.8
	needs overhaul
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I hope we don't get bogged down too long on Kent's concern...

Here's a summary of substantive changes made related to grandfathered and irregular tags:

Draft 1: divided grandfathered into those that match langtag and those that are irregular

<   grandfathered = 1*3ALPHA 1*2("-" (2*8alphanum))

>   grandfathered = langtag   ; well-formed grandfathered tags
>                 / irregular ; tags that are not well-formed
>
>   irregular     = "en-GB-oed" / "i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"
>                 / "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" / "i-lux"
>                 / "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / "i-tao"
>                 / "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "sgn-BE-fr" / "sgn-BE-nl"
>                 / "sgn-CH-de"


Draft 4: removed grandfathered entirely from the ABNF

<   Language-Tag  = langtag
<                 / privateuse             ; private use tag
<                 / grandfathered          ; grandfathered registrations
...
<   grandfathered = langtag   ; well-formed grandfathered tags
<                 / irregular ; grandfathered that don't match langtag

>   Language-Tag  = langtag
>                 / privateuse             ; private use tag
>                 / irregular              ; tags grandfathered by rule


Draft 12: add items (no-*, zh-*) to irregular production:

<   irregular     = "en-GB-oed" / "i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"
<                 / "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" / "i-lux"
<                 / "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / "i-tao"
<                 / "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "sgn-BE-fr" / "sgn-BE-nl"
<                 / "sgn-CH-de"

>   irregular     = "en-GB-oed" / "i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"
>                 / "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" / "i-lux"
>                 / "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / "i-tao"
>                 / "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "no-bok" / "no-nyn"
>                 / "sgn-BE-fr" / "sgn-BE-nl" / "sgn-CH-de" / "zh-cmn"
>                 / "zh-cmn-Hans" / "zh-cmn-Hant" / "zh-gan"
>                 / "zh-min" / "zh-min-nan" / "zh-wuu" / "zh-yue"


Draft 15: reverted the draft 12 change:

<   irregular     = "en-GB-oed" / "i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"
<                 / "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" / "i-lux"
<                 / "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / "i-tao"
<                 / "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "no-bok" / "no-nyn"
<                 / "sgn-BE-FR" / "sgn-BE-NL" / "sgn-CH-DE" / "zh-cmn"
<                 / "zh-cmn-Hans" / "zh-cmn-Hant" / "zh-gan"
<                 / "zh-min" / "zh-min-nan" / "zh-wuu" / "zh-yue"

>   irregular     = "en-GB-oed" / "i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"
>                 / "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" / "i-lux"
>                 / "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / "i-tao"
>                 / "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "sgn-BE-FR" / "sgn-BE-NL"
>                 / "sgn-CH-DE"

I'm not quite sure what led to the flip-flop changes in 12 and 15, but if we can ignore that then Kent is looking for a change from a state that has existed since draft 4 (as was I). I'm wondering what led to the decision at that time, and whether we really need to be re-opening that decision. (We can't keep re-visiting issues if we want to get done any time soon.)



Peter
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>, LTRU Working Group
	<ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2008 09:52:52 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] ABNF for grandfathered/irregular (was RE: Section 2.2.8
	needs overhaul
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The draft-12 => 15 flip-flop occurred because we removed the extlang production. This made some tags irregular. Draft-15 restored extlang, making some of the still-grandfathered tags no longer irregular.

I've been experimenting with adding Kent's request to the ABNF. I have no objection to listing the permanently grandfathered items in the ABNF. It would be best if we could eliminate future migration of grandfathered items to the redundant pile, since that would stabilize the syntax for all time.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Peter Constable
> Sent: Wednesday, June 18, 2008 9:24 AM
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: [Ltru] ABNF for grandfathered/irregular (was RE: Section
> 2.2.8 needs overhaul
>
> I hope we don't get bogged down too long on Kent's concern...
>
> Here's a summary of substantive changes made related to
> grandfathered and irregular tags:
>
> Draft 1: divided grandfathered into those that match langtag and
> those that are irregular
>
> <   grandfathered = 1*3ALPHA 1*2("-" (2*8alphanum))
>
> >   grandfathered = langtag   ; well-formed grandfathered tags
> >                 / irregular ; tags that are not well-formed
> >
> >   irregular     = "en-GB-oed" / "i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"
> >                 / "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" / "i-lux"
> >                 / "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / "i-tao"
> >                 / "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "sgn-BE-fr" / "sgn-BE-nl"
> >                 / "sgn-CH-de"
>
>
> Draft 4: removed grandfathered entirely from the ABNF
>
> <   Language-Tag  = langtag
> <                 / privateuse             ; private use tag
> <                 / grandfathered          ; grandfathered
> registrations
> ...
> <   grandfathered = langtag   ; well-formed grandfathered tags
> <                 / irregular ; grandfathered that don't match
> langtag
>
> >   Language-Tag  = langtag
> >                 / privateuse             ; private use tag
> >                 / irregular              ; tags grandfathered by
> rule
>
>
> Draft 12: add items (no-*, zh-*) to irregular production:
>
> <   irregular     = "en-GB-oed" / "i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"
> <                 / "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" / "i-lux"
> <                 / "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / "i-tao"
> <                 / "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "sgn-BE-fr" / "sgn-BE-nl"
> <                 / "sgn-CH-de"
>
> >   irregular     = "en-GB-oed" / "i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"
> >                 / "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" / "i-lux"
> >                 / "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / "i-tao"
> >                 / "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "no-bok" / "no-nyn"
> >                 / "sgn-BE-fr" / "sgn-BE-nl" / "sgn-CH-de" / "zh-
> cmn"
> >                 / "zh-cmn-Hans" / "zh-cmn-Hant" / "zh-gan"
> >                 / "zh-min" / "zh-min-nan" / "zh-wuu" / "zh-yue"
>
>
> Draft 15: reverted the draft 12 change:
>
> <   irregular     = "en-GB-oed" / "i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"
> <                 / "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" / "i-lux"
> <                 / "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / "i-tao"
> <                 / "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "no-bok" / "no-nyn"
> <                 / "sgn-BE-FR" / "sgn-BE-NL" / "sgn-CH-DE" / "zh-
> cmn"
> <                 / "zh-cmn-Hans" / "zh-cmn-Hant" / "zh-gan"
> <                 / "zh-min" / "zh-min-nan" / "zh-wuu" / "zh-yue"
>
> >   irregular     = "en-GB-oed" / "i-ami" / "i-bnn" / "i-default"
> >                 / "i-enochian" / "i-hak" / "i-klingon" / "i-lux"
> >                 / "i-mingo" / "i-navajo" / "i-pwn" / "i-tao"
> >                 / "i-tay" / "i-tsu" / "sgn-BE-FR" / "sgn-BE-NL"
> >                 / "sgn-CH-DE"
>
> I'm not quite sure what led to the flip-flop changes in 12 and 15,
> but if we can ignore that then Kent is looking for a change from a
> state that has existed since draft 4 (as was I). I'm wondering what
> led to the decision at that time, and whether we really need to be
> re-opening that decision. (We can't keep re-visiting issues if we
> want to get done any time soon.)
>
>
>
> Peter
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
_______________________________________________
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https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Jun 18 09:59:46 2008
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ABNF for grandfathered/irregular (was RE: Section 2.2.8
	needs overhaul
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> I've been experimenting with adding Kent's request to the ABNF. I
> have no objection to listing the permanently grandfathered items in
> the ABNF.

The trick is to do so without making the grammar ambiguous.

> It would be best if we could eliminate future migration of
> grandfathered items to the redundant pile, since that would stabilize
> the syntax for all time.

I believe we are already in that position.  We are not going to make
"lojban", "gaulish", "guoyu", "hakka", or "xiang" into variant tags
*with the meaning they currently have*, and there is no question of
"bok", "nyn", or "min" becoming extlang tags, nor of "nan" becoming a
second-level extlang tag.

-- 
Unless it was by accident that I had            John Cowan
offended someone, I never apologized.           cowan@ccil.org
        --Quentin Crisp                         http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
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I agree. I don't want to change the main grammar; it should just detect all
and only valid tags. If we want a separate production in 2.8.8 for
grandfathered tags, that's fine (completely unnecessary, but not a problem).

Mark

On Wed, Jun 18, 2008 at 10:00 AM, John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org> wrote:

> Phillips, Addison scripsit:
>
> > I've been experimenting with adding Kent's request to the ABNF. I
> > have no objection to listing the permanently grandfathered items in
> > the ABNF.
>
> The trick is to do so without making the grammar ambiguous.
>
> > It would be best if we could eliminate future migration of
> > grandfathered items to the redundant pile, since that would stabilize
> > the syntax for all time.
>
> I believe we are already in that position.  We are not going to make
> "lojban", "gaulish", "guoyu", "hakka", or "xiang" into variant tags
> *with the meaning they currently have*, and there is no question of
> "bok", "nyn", or "min" becoming extlang tags, nor of "nan" becoming a
> second-level extlang tag.
>
> --
> Unless it was by accident that I had            John Cowan
> offended someone, I never apologized.           cowan@ccil.org
>        --Quentin Crisp                         http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
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I agree. I don&#39;t want to change the main grammar; it should just detect all and only valid tags. If we want a separate production in 2.8.8 for grandfathered tags, that&#39;s fine (completely unnecessary, but not a problem).<br clear="all">
<br>Mark
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jun 18, 2008 at 10:00 AM, John Cowan &lt;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
Phillips, Addison scripsit:<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt; I&#39;ve been experimenting with adding Kent&#39;s request to the ABNF. I<br>
&gt; have no objection to listing the permanently grandfathered items in<br>
&gt; the ABNF.<br>
<br>
</div>The trick is to do so without making the grammar ambiguous.<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt; It would be best if we could eliminate future migration of<br>
&gt; grandfathered items to the redundant pile, since that would stabilize<br>
&gt; the syntax for all time.<br>
<br>
</div>I believe we are already in that position. &nbsp;We are not going to make<br>
&quot;lojban&quot;, &quot;gaulish&quot;, &quot;guoyu&quot;, &quot;hakka&quot;, or &quot;xiang&quot; into variant tags<br>
*with the meaning they currently have*, and there is no question of<br>
&quot;bok&quot;, &quot;nyn&quot;, or &quot;min&quot; becoming extlang tags, nor of &quot;nan&quot; becoming a<br>
second-level extlang tag.<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
--<br>
Unless it was by accident that I had &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;John Cowan<br>
offended someone, I never apologized. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a><br>
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;--Quentin Crisp &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="http://www.ccil.org/~cowan" target="_blank">http://www.ccil.org/~cowan</a><br>
</font><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">_______________________________________________<br>
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Jun 18 11:46:39 2008
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Mark Davis scripsit:

> I agree. I don't want to change the main grammar; it should just detect all
> and only valid tags. If we want a separate production in 2.8.8 for
> grandfathered tags, that's fine (completely unnecessary, but not a problem).

s/valid/well-formed/.

-- 
John Cowan    http://ccil.org/~cowan  cowan@ccil.org
The Penguin shall hunt and devour all that is crufty, gnarly and
bogacious; all code which wriggles like spaghetti, or is infested with
blighting creatures, or is bound by grave and perilous Licences shall it
capture.  And in capturing shall it replicate, and in replicating shall
it document, and in documentation shall it bring freedom, serenity and
most cool froodiness to the earth and all who code therein.  --Gospel of Tux
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(editor hat ON)

I have just uploaded to inter-locale a new version of draft-16. This contains the grandfathered production. I made the ANBF formatting consistent in the use of = and / options. I have not yet edited section 2.2.8 to be consistent with the ABNF change.

Unless someone objects, I will finish tidying that section and then submit draft-16, since we've accumulated a fairly extensive set of edits related to the Scope field, etc.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org]
> Sent: Wednesday, June 18, 2008 11:47 AM
> To: Mark Davis
> Cc: John Cowan; Phillips, Addison; LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] ABNF for grandfathered/irregular (was RE:
> Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
>
> Mark Davis scripsit:
>
> > I agree. I don't want to change the main grammar; it should just
> detect all
> > and only valid tags. If we want a separate production in 2.8.8
> for
> > grandfathered tags, that's fine (completely unnecessary, but not
> a problem).
>
> s/valid/well-formed/.
>
> --
> John Cowan    http://ccil.org/~cowan  cowan@ccil.org
> The Penguin shall hunt and devour all that is crufty, gnarly and
> bogacious; all code which wriggles like spaghetti, or is infested
> with
> blighting creatures, or is bound by grave and perilous Licences
> shall it
> capture.  And in capturing shall it replicate, and in replicating
> shall
> it document, and in documentation shall it bring freedom, serenity
> and
> most cool froodiness to the earth and all who code therein.  --
> Gospel of Tux
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right (whoops!)

Mark

On Wed, Jun 18, 2008 at 11:47 AM, John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org> wrote:

> Mark Davis scripsit:
>
> > I agree. I don't want to change the main grammar; it should just detect
> all
> > and only valid tags. If we want a separate production in 2.8.8 for
> > grandfathered tags, that's fine (completely unnecessary, but not a
> problem).
>
> s/valid/well-formed/.
>
> --
> John Cowan    http://ccil.org/~cowan  cowan@ccil.org
> The Penguin shall hunt and devour all that is crufty, gnarly and
> bogacious; all code which wriggles like spaghetti, or is infested with
> blighting creatures, or is bound by grave and perilous Licences shall it
> capture.  And in capturing shall it replicate, and in replicating shall
> it document, and in documentation shall it bring freedom, serenity and
> most cool froodiness to the earth and all who code therein.  --Gospel of
> Tux
>

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right (whoops!)<br clear="all"><br>Mark
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jun 18, 2008 at 11:47 AM, John Cowan &lt;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
Mark Davis scripsit:<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt; I agree. I don&#39;t want to change the main grammar; it should just detect all<br>
&gt; and only valid tags. If we want a separate production in 2.8.8 for<br>
&gt; grandfathered tags, that&#39;s fine (completely unnecessary, but not a problem).<br>
<br>
</div>s/valid/well-formed/.<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
--<br>
John Cowan &nbsp; &nbsp;<a href="http://ccil.org/~cowan" target="_blank">http://ccil.org/~cowan</a> &nbsp;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a><br>
The Penguin shall hunt and devour all that is crufty, gnarly and<br>
bogacious; all code which wriggles like spaghetti, or is infested with<br>
blighting creatures, or is bound by grave and perilous Licences shall it<br>
capture. &nbsp;And in capturing shall it replicate, and in replicating shall<br>
it document, and in documentation shall it bring freedom, serenity and<br>
most cool froodiness to the earth and all who code therein. &nbsp;--Gospel of Tux<br>
</font></blockquote></div><br>

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Jun 18 16:10:19 2008
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft updated (was: ABNF for grandfathered/irregular)
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Phillips, Addison wrote:

> I have just uploaded to inter-locale a new version of 
> draft-16. This contains the grandfathered production. I made 
> the ANBF formatting consistent in the use of = and / options. 
> I have not yet edited section 2.2.8 to be consistent with the 
> ABNF change.

This ABNF is fine, *enabling* correct (abstract) parse structure.
A very minor point in one of the comments:
              ...                   ; and all of these are deprecated
              / "zh-min"            ; in favor of a more modern 
              / "zh-min-nan"        ; subtag or sequence of subtags

zh-min is deprecated in 4645bis (not in current LSR), but
without a replacement.

Please note that the ambiguity in the grammar is *intentional*,
and to be resolved by ex-grammatical means, exactly which to be
left to the implementor. The descriptive text about that in 2.2.8
is fine as is in this draft (but I don't object to 'tidying').

Those who are not interested in the parse structure need not
worry about the ambiguity at all, and can even use just a
(derived) regular expression (which is possible since there
is no nested/recursive structure).

	/kent k


> Unless someone objects, I will finish tidying that section 
> and then submit draft-16, since we've accumulated a fairly 
> extensive set of edits related to the Scope field, etc.
> 
> Addison
> 
> Addison Phillips
> Globalization Architect -- Lab126
> 
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org]
> > Sent: Wednesday, June 18, 2008 11:47 AM
> > To: Mark Davis
> > Cc: John Cowan; Phillips, Addison; LTRU Working Group
> > Subject: Re: [Ltru] ABNF for grandfathered/irregular (was RE:
> > Section 2.2.8 needs overhaul
> >
> > Mark Davis scripsit:
> >
> > > I agree. I don't want to change the main grammar; it should just
> > detect all
> > > and only valid tags. If we want a separate production in 2.8.8
> > for
> > > grandfathered tags, that's fine (completely unnecessary, but not
> > a problem).
> >
> > s/valid/well-formed/.
> >
> > --
> > John Cowan    http://ccil.org/~cowan  cowan@ccil.org
> > The Penguin shall hunt and devour all that is crufty, gnarly and
> > bogacious; all code which wriggles like spaghetti, or is infested
> > with
> > blighting creatures, or is bound by grave and perilous Licences
> > shall it
> > capture.  And in capturing shall it replicate, and in replicating
> > shall
> > it document, and in documentation shall it bring freedom, serenity
> > and
> > most cool froodiness to the earth and all who code therein.  --
> > Gospel of Tux
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> 

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ABNF for grandfathered/irregular
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> 1.  'lojban', 'guoyu', 'hakka', and 'xiang' correspond 1-to-1 with 
> language subtags based on ISO 639-3, so it would make no sense to 
> register these as variants, and would not be allowed by my reading of 
> Section 3.6.  

That is, no sense in registering them as variants *in the function they
play as grandfathered tags*.  We might register 'xiang' as a geographical
tag, although 'hunan' would do as well.

-- 
John Cowan        http://ccil.org/~cowan   cowan@ccil.org
Lope de Vega: "It wonders me I can speak at all.  Some caitiff rogue did
rudely yerk me on the knob, wherefrom my wits still wander."
An Englishman: "Ay, a filchman to the nab betimes 'll leave a man
crank for a spell." --Harry Turtledove, Ruled Britannia
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> Take a look at the diff between 4646 and the current draft-4646bis, 
> located at this horribly long URL:

http://tinyurl.com/5fp98e is rather more reasonable.

-- 
Andrew Watt on Microsoft:                       John Cowan
Never in the field of human computing           cowan@ccil.org
has so much been paid by so many                http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
to so few! (pace Winston Churchill)
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> With Kent apparently signing off on the changes as well, and with most 
> other issues resolved, I'll be putting together a draft-4645bis-06 in 
> the next few days.  

Just letting you and the WG know that I continue to *strongly* favor
making "zh-cmn" and "zh-yue" (and the rest) the preferred forms, and
"cmn" and "yue" the pre-deprecated ones.

-- 
"The serene chaos that is Courage, and the phenomenon   cowan@ccil.org
of Unopened Consciousness have been known to the        John Cowan
Great World eons longer than Extaboulism."
"Why is that?" the woman inquired.
"Because I just made that word up", the Master said wisely.
        --Kehlog Albran, The Profit             http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 18 Jun 2008 20:57:15 -0700
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>
> 2.  'gaulish' could theoretically be registered since it does not
> correspond 1-to-1 with any single language subtag, but again, there
> is
> no practical benefit to replacing "cel-gaulish" with "'cel' plus
> 'gaulish'".
>

Well... last time I talked to him about it, the original registrant probably would not have agreed with you. I'll have to ping Chris and see how he feels about our permanently jarring up his thunder.

You or I might not appreciate a practical benefit, but others might and ietf-languages did register that unreplaced value. This is the sole example of a possible variant that we might make redundant in some kind of plausible manner. For that matter, we might make it redundant by fiat (as we did with some of the other redundant variants in 4646 times). I mean, after all, we have subtags like 'AQ' that don't provide a lot of meaning. Why not one variant? "tlh-gaulish" is probably more useful than "tlh-AQ"... :-D

Addison
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Jun 18 21:11:13 2008
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> Well... last time I talked to him about it, the original registrant
> probably would not have agreed with you. I'll have to ping Chris and
> see how he feels about our permanently jarring up his thunder.

We aren't talking about deprecating cel-gaulish without a replacement.
We are just not going to register 'gaulish' as a variant tag, given that
Gaulish is not a variant.

The sensible approach IMHO would be to petition 639-3/RA to create a
macrolanguage 'Gaulish' that would encompass Transalpine and Cisalpine
Gaulish.  Alternatively, we could petition 639-5/RA to introduce a new
collection code.

-- 
A mosquito cried out in his pain,               John Cowan
"A chemist has poisoned my brain!"              http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
        The cause of his sorrow                 cowan@ccil.org
        Was para-dichloro-
Diphenyltrichloroethane.                                (aka DDT)
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Hi -

As a technical contributor...

> From: "John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>
> To: "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>
> Cc: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, June 18, 2008 8:57 PM
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft updated
>
> Doug Ewell scripsit:
> 
> > With Kent apparently signing off on the changes as well, and with most 
> > other issues resolved, I'll be putting together a draft-4645bis-06 in 
> > the next few days.  
> 
> Just letting you and the WG know that I continue to *strongly* favor
> making "zh-cmn" and "zh-yue" (and the rest) the preferred forms, and
> "cmn" and "yue" the pre-deprecated ones.
...

I'm inclined to agree, but am trying to keep an open mind.

Randy

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> >
> > > With Kent apparently signing off on the changes as well, and
> with most
> > > other issues resolved, I'll be putting together a draft-
> 4645bis-06 in
> > > the next few days.
> >
> > Just letting you and the WG know that I continue to *strongly*
> favor
> > making "zh-cmn" and "zh-yue" (and the rest) the preferred forms,
> and
> > "cmn" and "yue" the pre-deprecated ones.
> ...
>
> I'm inclined to agree, but am trying to keep an open mind.
>

I don't agree.

Notice that this would cause you to gain a subtag. This is the only time this happens (all other mappings cause you to either have the same number of subtags or lose some). Among other things, one might face buffer length issues (some programming languages don't like the buffer to increase in size).

Addison
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> Notice that this would cause you to gain a subtag. This is the only
> time this happens (all other mappings cause you to either have the
> same number of subtags or lose some). Among other things, one might
> face buffer length issues (some programming languages don't like the
> buffer to increase in size).

Considering that there is still a formidable amount of code that believes
that a language tag is either two or five characters long (xx or xx-YY),
which was not even true in RFC 1766 days, I count such considerations
less than nothing.  We already have perfectly good RFC 4646 methods of
handling such applications.

-- 
John Cowan        http://ccil.org/~cowan   cowan@ccil.org
Lope de Vega: "It wonders me I can speak at all.  Some caitiff rogue did
rudely yerk me on the knob, wherefrom my wits still wander."
An Englishman: "Ay, a filchman to the nab betimes 'll leave a man
crank for a spell." --Harry Turtledove, Ruled Britannia
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I'm pretty undecided about which is best, but I don't "buy" the buffer argument.  RFC4646 already allows quite long language tags (once you consider x- and other possibilities).

- Shawn

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Phillips, Addison
Sent: Wednesday, June 18, 2008 10:41 PM
To: Randy Presuhn; LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft updated

> >
> > > With Kent apparently signing off on the changes as well, and
> with most
> > > other issues resolved, I'll be putting together a draft-
> 4645bis-06 in
> > > the next few days.
> >
> > Just letting you and the WG know that I continue to *strongly*
> favor
> > making "zh-cmn" and "zh-yue" (and the rest) the preferred forms,
> and
> > "cmn" and "yue" the pre-deprecated ones.
> ...
>
> I'm inclined to agree, but am trying to keep an open mind.
>

I don't agree.

Notice that this would cause you to gain a subtag. This is the only time this happens (all other mappings cause you to either have the same number of subtags or lose some). Among other things, one might face buffer length issues (some programming languages don't like the buffer to increase in size).

Addison
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John Cowan wrote:
> Just letting you and the WG know that I continue to *strongly* favor
> making "zh-cmn" and "zh-yue" (and the rest) the preferred forms, and
> "cmn" and "yue" the pre-deprecated ones.

This is unrelated to the ABNF discussion of late.

However, I just note that (whichever form is preferred when
extlangs are involved) that (IIUC):

* for 'ar' we are about to add 30 extlangs, *none* of which are
"extlangish" in the current LSR.

* for 'zh' we are about to add 13 extlangs, *only four* of which
are "extlangish" in the current LSR (cmn, gan, wuu, yue).

* for 'sgn' we are about to add 132 extlangs, *none* of which are
"extlangish" in the current LSR.

Was there "rough consensus" to add extlangs for any other primary
languages tags (none of which would be "extlangish" in the current LSR)?

B.t.w., should not the preferred value for the grandfathered
sign language tags maintain the region, like:
 
g.f. tag	cur. p.v.	p.v. keeping region
sgn-BE-FR	sfb	 	sbf-BE (or sgn-sbf-BE)
sgn-BE-NL	vgt		vgt-BE (or sgn-vgt-BE)
sgn-CH-DE	sgg		sgg-CH (or sgn-sgg-CH)

etc. for the other grandfathered sgn-NN tags. (Not that I think
it matters very much, but still.)


	/kent k

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Actually, the buffer argument was an aside.

My real concerns are:

- adding subtags when canonicalizing is counter-intuitive (I would expect the canonical tag to be more compact).

- some legacy systems (CLDR, for example) have inherent structural/design reliance on the language portion being somewhat atomic

- the Lookup algorithm (i.e. locale-style negotiation) seems to be adversely affected by extlangs. Lookup produces better results when the language and extlang are "atomic". Having a canonical mapping to a primary subtag makes exactly that distinction. If I'm using Lookup, all I have to do is canonicalize the tags and then run lookup normally. The other way I have to change code (and would probably push hard for a 4647bis as a result).

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Shawn Steele [mailto:Shawn.Steele@microsoft.com]
> Sent: Thursday, June 19, 2008 10:25 AM
> To: Phillips, Addison; Randy Presuhn; LTRU Working Group
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] draft updated
>
> I'm pretty undecided about which is best, but I don't "buy" the
> buffer argument.  RFC4646 already allows quite long language tags
> (once you consider x- and other possibilities).
>
> - Shawn
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Phillips, Addison
> Sent: Wednesday, June 18, 2008 10:41 PM
> To: Randy Presuhn; LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft updated
>
> > >
> > > > With Kent apparently signing off on the changes as well, and
> > with most
> > > > other issues resolved, I'll be putting together a draft-
> > 4645bis-06 in
> > > > the next few days.
> > >
> > > Just letting you and the WG know that I continue to *strongly*
> > favor
> > > making "zh-cmn" and "zh-yue" (and the rest) the preferred forms,
> > and
> > > "cmn" and "yue" the pre-deprecated ones.
> > ...
> >
> > I'm inclined to agree, but am trying to keep an open mind.
> >
>
> I don't agree.
>
> Notice that this would cause you to gain a subtag. This is the only
> time this happens (all other mappings cause you to either have the
> same number of subtags or lose some). Among other things, one might
> face buffer length issues (some programming languages don't like
> the buffer to increase in size).
>
> Addison
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun 19 11:48:20 2008
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft updated
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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> * for 'ar' we are about to add 30 extlangs, *none* of which are
> "extlangish" in the current LSR.

Indeed, which is why I oppose adding 'ar' extlangs (but not strongly).

> * for 'zh' we are about to add 13 extlangs, *only four* of which
> are "extlangish" in the current LSR (cmn, gan, wuu, yue).

True, but "zh-hakka", "zh-min-nan", and "zh-xiang" are essentially
similar except for their syntax.  That makes 7 out of 13.

> * for 'sgn' we are about to add 132 extlangs, *none* of which are
> "extlangish" in the current LSR.

Also true, but 22 existing tags for sign languages already begin
with "sgn-".

> Was there "rough consensus" to add extlangs for any other primary
> languages tags (none of which would be "extlangish" in the current LSR)?

We also talked about:

Konkani (2 extlangs, 0 in place)
Malay (15 extlangs, 0 in place, 1 deprecated)
Swahili (2 extlangs, 0 in place)
Uzbek (2 extlangs, 0 in place)

All of these are macrolangauges that, like Chinese and Arabic, have
single dominant varieties.

> B.t.w., should not the preferred value for the grandfathered
> sign language tags maintain the region, like:
>  
> g.f. tag	cur. p.v.	p.v. keeping region
> sgn-BE-FR	sfb	 	sbf-BE (or sgn-sbf-BE)
> sgn-BE-NL	vgt		vgt-BE (or sgn-vgt-BE)
> sgn-CH-DE	sgg		sgg-CH (or sgn-sgg-CH)

sgn-ase (American Sign Language) is spoken in at least 20 countries
beside the U.S.  Treating sgn-ase-US as equivalent to sgn-ase would be
erroneous, as there are undoubtedly local variations.

-- 
Using RELAX NG compact syntax to        John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
develop schemas is one of the simple    http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
pleasures in life....
        --Jeni Tennison                 <cowan@ccil.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft updated
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> My real concerns are:
> 
> - adding subtags when canonicalizing is counter-intuitive (I would expect the canonical tag to be more compact).

Whereas I take "cmn" to be an abbreviation for "zh-cmn" that provides
more convenient processing in certain scenarios.

> - some legacy systems (CLDR, for example) have inherent
> structural/design reliance on the language portion being somewhat atomic

Then let them use the non-canonical form, as Google uses non-canonical
'iw' with no intention of changing.

> - the Lookup algorithm (i.e. locale-style negotiation) seems to be
> adversely affected by extlangs. Lookup produces better results when
> the language and extlang are "atomic". Having a canonical mapping to a
> primary subtag makes exactly that distinction. If I'm using Lookup, all
> I have to do is canonicalize the tags and then run lookup normally. The
> other way I have to change code (and would probably push hard for a
> 4647bis as a result).

You just need something different from canonicalization as currently
written.  I admit I am splitting hairs here.

I continue to think local filtering per RFC 2616 the most important use
case, more important than either mass filtering a la search engine or
resource lookup.

-- 
Where the wombat has walked,            John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
it will inevitably walk again.          http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
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John Cowan wrote:
> > B.t.w., should not the preferred value for the grandfathered
> > sign language tags maintain the region, like:
> >  
> > g.f. tag	cur. p.v.	p.v. keeping region
> > sgn-BE-FR	sfb	 	sbf-BE (or sgn-sbf-BE)
> > sgn-BE-NL	vgt		vgt-BE (or sgn-vgt-BE)
> > sgn-CH-DE	sgg		sgg-CH (or sgn-sgg-CH)
> 
> sgn-ase (American Sign Language) is spoken in at least 20 countries
> beside the U.S.  Treating sgn-ase-US as equivalent to sgn-ase would be
> erroneous, as there are undoubtedly local variations.

But that wasn't my (semi)suggestion.

My (semi)suggestion was that sgn-US be preferred-value-mapped to
ase-US rather than to just ase (or sgn-ase) (and similarly for
the other sgn- grandfathered tags).

I.e. to keep the *already existing* region subtag. NOT that
sgn-ase-US would be "equivalent" to sgn-ase (or ase). I certainly
don't want to rule out ase-CA (sgn-ase-CA) and others. Just that
the grandfathered tag maybe should *keep* the region part in the
preferred value *the grandfathered sgn- tags map to*.

And... Hmm, sign languages aren't really spoken, they are signed...
But they can be written using mechanisms such as Sutton Sign
Writing (http://www.signwriting.org/).

	/kent k

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft updated
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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> Just that
> the grandfathered tag maybe should *keep* the region part in the
> preferred value *the grandfathered sgn- tags map to*.

For what purpose, given that the 'US' in the grandfathered form
has a meaning different from any 'US' in a productive form?

> And... Hmm, sign languages aren't really spoken, they are signed...
> But they can be written using mechanisms such as Sutton Sign
> Writing (http://www.signwriting.org/).

Quite so.

-- 
John Cowan  cowan@ccil.org   http://ccil.org/~cowan
Promises become binding when there is a meeting of the minds and consideration
is exchanged. So it was at King's Bench in common law England; so it was
under the common law in the American colonies; so it was through more than
two centuries of jurisprudence in this country; and so it is today.
       --Specht v. Netscape
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Date: Thu, 19 Jun 2008 12:29:13 -0700
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> > - some legacy systems (CLDR, for example) have inherent
> > structural/design reliance on the language portion being somewhat
> atomic
>
> Then let them use the non-canonical form, as Google uses non-
> canonical 'iw' with no intention of changing.

Architectural alignment is typically better, when it can be achieved.

>
> > - the Lookup algorithm (i.e. locale-style negotiation) seems to
> be
> > adversely affected by extlangs. Lookup produces better results
> when
> > the language and extlang are "atomic". Having a canonical mapping
> to a
> > primary subtag makes exactly that distinction. If I'm using
> Lookup, all
> > I have to do is canonicalize the tags and then run lookup
> normally. The
> > other way I have to change code (and would probably push hard for
> a
> > 4647bis as a result).
>
> You just need something different from canonicalization as
> currently written.  I admit I am splitting hairs here.

Yes, but it is extremely convenient (not to mention somewhat compelling) when the existing algorithm works out-of-the-box one way but has to be modified the other.

Ultimately, this all circles back to the Ur-argument: do we want to say "tag anything Chinese as zh-something" or say "avoid tagging things zh-something".

>
> I continue to think local filtering per RFC 2616 the most important
> use
> case, more important than either mass filtering a la search engine
> or resource lookup.

You have your applications and I have mine. ;-)

Local filtering is generally more important. It is, or will be, more common an operation to apply processing, styling, selection, etc. to items and text based on language than it is to select or filter from a collection of documents.

However, RFC 2616 lays out a case for resource lookup, as status code 300 just isn't that desirable. For that matter, 2616 dips its toe into Lookup when it says:

      Note: When making the choice of linguistic preference available to
      the user, we remind implementors of  the fact that users are not
      familiar with the details of language matching as described above,
      and should provide appropriate guidance. As an example, users
      might assume that on selecting "en-gb", they will be served any
      kind of English document if British English is not available. A
      user agent might suggest in such a case to add "en" to get the
      best matching behavior.

Best Regards,

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.



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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun 19 12:48:44 2008
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John Cowan wrote:
> > Just that
> > the grandfathered tag maybe should *keep* the region part in the
> > preferred value *the grandfathered sgn- tags map to*.
> 
> For what purpose, given that the 'US' in the grandfathered form
> has a meaning different from any 'US' in a productive form?

To avoid the apparent region information loss, if nothing else.

	/kent k

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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> > For what purpose, given that the 'US' in the grandfathered form
> > has a meaning different from any 'US' in a productive form?
> 
> To avoid the apparent region information loss, if nothing else.

Ah, but there is no actual (as opposed to apparent) region information
in the grandfathered tag "sgn-US", which encodes only a language --
one in use in the U.S., Canada, Guatemala, and various African nations
among others.  That being the case, it would be improper to supply region
information when deprecating it.

-- 
You are a child of the universe no less         John Cowan
than the trees and all other acyclic            http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
graphs; you have a right to be here.            cowan@ccil.org
  --DeXiderata by Sean McGrath
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] ABNF for grandfathered/irregular
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> John Cowan

> The sensible approach IMHO would be to petition 639-3/RA to create a
> macrolanguage 'Gaulish' that would encompass Transalpine and Cisalpine
> Gaulish.  Alternatively, we could petition 639-5/RA to introduce a new
> collection code.

In general, coding such a category to facilitate interop with legacy usage should be at least worth considering.


eter
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Kent Karlsson


> > > Just that
> > > the grandfathered tag maybe should *keep* the region part in the
> > > preferred value *the grandfathered sgn- tags map to*.
> >
> > For what purpose, given that the 'US' in the grandfathered form
> > has a meaning different from any 'US' in a productive form?
>
> To avoid the apparent region information loss, if nothing else.

But it really is only *apparent* region information loss. To match the denotation exactly, the region ID should *not* be included.



Peter

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] "extlangish" (was: Re: draft updated)
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Doug Ewell wrote:

> One thing for which there was NEVER any consensus was to pick individual 
> encompassed languages to be extlangs based on whether there was a 
> corresponding "extlangish" grandfathered tag.  That would make "cmn" an 
> extlang but not "cdo".  That way lies complete madness.

Not an argument for picking individual extlang subtags. But as I read
the arguments, it has been a motivation for picking certain primary
laguage subtags to get extlang subtags: the backwards compatibility
argument for extlang support. And that really only applies to 'zh',
very very weakly to 'sgn' (I'd say not at all, but...), and not at
all to 'ar' or any other primary language subtags.

	/kent k

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ABNF for grandfathered/irregular
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Peter Constable wrote:
> In general, coding such a category to facilitate interop with 
> legacy usage should be at least worth considering.

What about i-mingo (Mingo/Unontuwaqkaaq)?

	/kent k

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] sgn-tags with regions (was: Re: draft updated)
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Doug Ewell wrote:
> These would mean:
> 
> (sgn-)sfb-BE   French Belgian Sign Language as used in Belgium
> (sgn-)vgt-BE   Flemish Sign Language as used in Belgium
> (sgn-)sgg-CH   Swiss-German Sign Language as used in Germany

etc. for grandfathered sgn-NN tags.

> which are not how the original grandfathered tags are defined.
>
> The region-subtag-looking-thingies in "sgn-XX" were never true region 
> subtags.  That was the big problem with those tags; they did not mean 
> quite what they looked like.  "sgn-US" was registered as meaning 
> "American Sign Language," which is not really the same as "sign 
> languages as used in the United States," which is what you get if you 
> take "sgn-US" apart.  Admittedly this was a bit more plausible in 2001, 
> when we were still fooling ourselves that there was no generative 
> mechanism and tags were completely atomic.

The <language code>-<region code> tags have been generative since
RFC 1766. And both RFC 1766 and RFC 3066 say (without exception!)
that the two-letter second subtags are region subtags (here the 1766
formulation; slighly expanded, but still no exeptions, in RFC 3066):

|    -    All 2-letter codes are interpreted as ISO 3166 alpha-2
|         country codes denoting the area in which the language is
|         used.

I see that as implying that there is an implicit "as used in the US"
part of the description of "sgn-US", even though that is not part
of the description for "sgn-US" in the registry. (Etc. for the other
sgn-* grandfathered tags.)


	/kent k

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At 12:57 08/06/19, John Cowan wrote:
>Doug Ewell scripsit:
>
>> With Kent apparently signing off on the changes as well, and with most 
>> other issues resolved, I'll be putting together a draft-4645bis-06 in 
>> the next few days.  
>
>Just letting you and the WG know that I continue to *strongly* favor
>making "zh-cmn" and "zh-yue" (and the rest) the preferred forms, and
>"cmn" and "yue" the pre-deprecated ones.

[technical hat on] Seconded.       Regards,   Martin.



#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ABNF for grandfathered/irregular
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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> What about i-mingo (Mingo/Unontuwaqkaaq)?

What about it?  It's a variety of Seneca that 639-3 does not treat
as an independent language, so ietf-languages can register 'mingo' as
a variant if they want to, (leading to "see-mingo").  Alternatively,
someone could ask 639-3 to change their mind, and if that failed, they
could ask ietf-languages to register it as a primary language.

Or not.

-- 
One Word to write them all,             John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
  One Access to find them,              http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
One Excel to count them all,
  And thus to Windows bind them.                --Mike Champion
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From: "Mark Davis" <mark.davis@icu-project.org>
To: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ABNF for grandfathered/irregular
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As long as each grandfathered tag has a preferred value that is a
non-grandfathered tag, everything's fine. Even "i-default" could be given
that status - when you look at the RFCs where it is used, "und" would work
just fine. And "i-default" would still be valid, and perfectly acceptable
for use in those RFCs.
However, this all pales in priority to getting 4646bis out the door.

Mark

On Thu, Jun 19, 2008 at 9:32 PM, Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
wrote:

> > From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> > John Cowan
>
> > The sensible approach IMHO would be to petition 639-3/RA to create a
> > macrolanguage 'Gaulish' that would encompass Transalpine and Cisalpine
> > Gaulish.  Alternatively, we could petition 639-5/RA to introduce a new
> > collection code.
>
> In general, coding such a category to facilitate interop with legacy usage
> should be at least worth considering.
>
>
> eter
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>

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As long as each grandfathered tag has a&nbsp;preferred value that is a non-grandfathered tag, everything&#39;s fine. Even &quot;i-default&quot; could be given that status - when you look at the RFCs where it is used, &quot;und&quot; would work just fine. And &quot;i-default&quot; would still be valid, and perfectly acceptable for use in those RFCs.<div>
<br></div><div>However, this all pales in priority to getting 4646bis out the door.<br clear="all"><br>Mark
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Jun 19, 2008 at 9:32 PM, Peter Constable &lt;<a href="mailto:petercon@microsoft.com">petercon@microsoft.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
&gt; From: <a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On Behalf Of<br>
&gt; John Cowan<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt; The sensible approach IMHO would be to petition 639-3/RA to create a<br>
&gt; macrolanguage &#39;Gaulish&#39; that would encompass Transalpine and Cisalpine<br>
&gt; Gaulish. &nbsp;Alternatively, we could petition 639-5/RA to introduce a new<br>
&gt; collection code.<br>
<br>
</div>In general, coding such a category to facilitate interop with legacy usage should be at least worth considering.<br>
<br>
<br>
eter<br>
<div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">_______________________________________________<br>
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</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div>

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ABNF for grandfathered/irregular
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Mark Davis scripsit:

> As long as each grandfathered tag has a preferred value that is a
> non-grandfathered tag

At the moment that is not quite the case.  "en-gb-oed", "i-default",
"i-enochian", "i-mingo", "cel-gaulish", and "zh-min" will not have
preferred values; "zh-min" is being deprecated without a preferred
value, and the others will be left undeprecated.

> Even "i-default" could be given that status - when you look at the
> RFCs where it is used, "und" would work just fine.

I don't know what you mean by "work".  Text that is entirely in Korean
could appropriately be tagged "und" (for example, if you cannot identify
even the script), but it could not be tagged "i-default", for "i-default"
must be readable by monolingual anglophones.

> However, this all pales in priority to getting 4646bis out the door.

Emphatic +1.

-- 
John Cowan  cowan@ccil.org  http://ccil.org/~cowan
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Subject: [Ltru] A few points about the 4646 vs. -16 diff
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A lot of the discrepancy results because wdiff can't synchronize properly,
and most of the rest is normal editorial fixup.  Speaking of which,
here are some mostly editorial things I spotted:

BNF:  In the current state of things, why are we allowing two extlangs
rather than one or three?  Allowing two makes "zh-min-nan" regular rather
than irregular, but surely that is a trivial point.  One is all that will
be allowed in non-grandfathered cases.  Three is what 4646 permitted.
I'd go for three, even though the capacity won't be used, just to avoid
a gratuitous change to the production.

In 2.2.4 and and 2.2.5, point 1 says "language" instead of "language,
extended language" for the tags which must precede the tag currently
under discussion.  In 2.2.6 it's point 9, in 2.2.7 point 3.

In the first of the three examples at the end of 2.2.4, why was
Switzerland replaced with Austria?

2.2.8: Probably no need to enumerate the regular grandfathered tags in
prose, since they are now enumerated in the BNF.

2.2.8 near the end: s/superseded/superseded by/.

3.1.2: in bullet point 'Type', add comma after "redundant".

3.1.2: s/MUST only appear/MUST appear only/.

3.1.2: s/will always follow/will always conform to/.

4.4.1: bring back extlangs here

-- 
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John Cowan wrote:

> BNF:  In the current state of things, why are we allowing two extlangs
> rather than one or three?

That is not the case:

extlang       = 3ALPHA              ; selected ISO 639 codes
                *2("-" 3ALPHA)      ; permanently reserved

This allows for 1-3 (extlang) subtags in an 'extlang'. We could do
without the second line, allowing just one subtag in an 'extlang'.

But at most one extlang is allowed in a 'language':

		...
                ["-" extlang]       ; sometimes followed by 

	/kent k

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] A few points about the 4646 vs. -16 diff
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Kent Karlsson scripsit:

> John Cowan wrote:
> 
> > BNF:  In the current state of things, why are we allowing two extlangs
> > rather than one or three?
> 
> That is not the case:

Thanks for the correction.

-- 
John Cowan  cowan@ccil.org  http://ccil.org/~cowan
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the shoulders of giants.
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>, "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 20 Jun 2008 14:04:00 -0700
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(editor hat now OFF)

> BNF:  In the current state of things, why are we allowing two
> extlangs
> rather than one or three?  Allowing two makes "zh-min-nan" regular
> rather
> than irregular, but surely that is a trivial point.  One is all
> that will
> be allowed in non-grandfathered cases.  Three is what 4646
> permitted.
> I'd go for three, even though the capacity won't be used, just to
> avoid a gratuitous change to the production.

I follow the latter part of your comment, but not the first part. The ABNF allows 0, 1, 2, or 3 extlangs. It is functionally equivalent to the older version. I did anticipate the question about changing the actual BNF notation to permanently reserve the second and third positions, but thought I'd include it initially (for much the same reason that we put the 'regular' production in, etc.). It even turned out to be useful to me in my implementation (I can look at that grouping in the regular expression and 'invalidate' tags without bothering to look at the subtags).

(editor hat now ON)

>
> In 2.2.4 and and 2.2.5, point 1 says "language" instead of
> "language,
> extended language" for the tags which must precede the tag
> currently
> under discussion.  In 2.2.6 it's point 9, in 2.2.7 point 3.

Done.

>
> In the first of the three examples at the end of 2.2.4, why was
> Switzerland replaced with Austria?

I don't quite recall, but I think it has to do with the discussion of "gsw" vs "de-CH". Austria doesn't have this problem.

>
> 2.2.8: Probably no need to enumerate the regular grandfathered tags
> in prose, since they are now enumerated in the BNF.

Done. Text now reads:

<t>Grandfathered tags that (appear to) match the 'langtag' production in <xref target="ABNF"></xref> are considered 'regular' grandfathered tags. These tags either contain subtags that do not individually appear in the registry, or their subtags appear but with a different semantic meaning: each tag, in its entirety, represents a language or collection of languages.</t>

>
> 2.2.8 near the end: s/superseded/superseded by/.

Done.
>
> 3.1.2: in bullet point 'Type', add comma after "redundant".

Done.
>
> 3.1.2: s/MUST only appear/MUST appear only/.

Done 6x.
>
> 3.1.2: s/will always follow/will always conform to/.

Done.

>
> 4.4.1: bring back extlangs here
>

Will study this and bring back the text. Haven't done it yet: I'm teaching a class in a few minutes.
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> I follow the latter part of your comment, but not the first part. The
> ABNF allows 0, 1, 2, or 3 extlangs. It is functionally equivalent to the
> older version. 

As I posted earlier, I misread of the diff.


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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: 'LTRU Working Group' <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Sat, 21 Jun 2008 00:07:45 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] ABNF for grandfathered/irregular
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Kent Karlsson


> > In general, coding such a category to facilitate interop with
> > legacy usage should be at least worth considering.
>
> What about i-mingo (Mingo/Unontuwaqkaaq)?

Can anybody produce content that can reasonably be assumed to be in that language?



Peter
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Kent Karlsson


> > The region-subtag-looking-thingies in "sgn-XX" were never true region
> > subtags.  That was the big problem with those tags; they did not mean
> > quite what they looked like.  "sgn-US" was registered as meaning
> > "American Sign Language," which is not really the same as "sign
> > languages as used in the United States," which is what you get if you
> > take "sgn-US" apart.  Admittedly this was a bit more plausible in
> 2001,
> > when we were still fooling ourselves that there was no generative
> > mechanism and tags were completely atomic.

I never bought into that principle, and always objected to those registrations accordingly.

Even so, I agree that is the principle assumed by those tags: the bits that look like region IDs are not intended to be interpreted in the same way generative region IDs would be interpreted.



Peter
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> > > In general, coding such a category to facilitate interop with
> > > legacy usage should be at least worth considering.
> >
> > What about i-mingo (Mingo/Unontuwaqkaaq)?
> 
> Can anybody produce content that can reasonably be assumed to 
> be in that language?

While I cannot produce or point to such content, I just noted
that there's this grandfathered tag that does not appear to be
special or oddball in any way, but appears to denote a real
language (and someone bothered to register a tag for it), that
does not have a mapping to a non-grandfatherd tag. I just found
that lack a little bit strange.

	/kent k

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] ABNF for grandfathered/irregular
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Peter Constable scripsit:
> > From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> > Kent Karlsson
> 
> 
> > > In general, coding such a category to facilitate interop with
> > > legacy usage should be at least worth considering.
> >
> > What about i-mingo (Mingo/Unontuwaqkaaq)?
> 
> Can anybody produce content that can reasonably be assumed to be in that language?

The original 1997 registration says:

Rabbit Stories: An Introduction to the Mingo Language. Thomas McElwain 
(thomas.mcelwain&pp.kolumbus.fi) and Jordan Lachler (lachler&unm.edu). 
Email for publication data. 1997.

(reading @ for &, I suppose)

-- 
John Cowan  cowan@ccil.org   http://ccil.org/~cowan
Promises become binding when there is a meeting of the minds and consideration
is exchanged. So it was at King's Bench in common law England; so it was
under the common law in the American colonies; so it was through more than
two centuries of jurisprudence in this country; and so it is today.
       --Specht v. Netscape
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To: Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Capitalization of "Sign Languages"
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> (c) Strict consistency with the other "X languages" entries in ISO 
> 639-2, -5, and the Registry would yield "Sign languages".  The 
> comparison isn't perfect since "Sign" isn't a proper noun like the 
> others, but no other Descriptions for language subtags in the Registry 
> begin with a lowercase letter (except "tlhIngan-Hol" which I guess has 
> semantic significance).

Let's go with this one.

The Klingon romanization uses the letters D, I, S, H, and Q (but not
d, i, s, or h), but does not capitalize in the usual Latin-script sense.

-- 
What has four pairs of pants, lives             John Cowan
in Philadelphia, and it never rains             http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
but it pours?                                   cowan@ccil.org
        --Rufus T. Firefly
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Editor's copy of draft-4645bis-06
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Doug Ewell wrote:
> I've just posted an editor's copy of 
> draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.  Follow 
> the links from here to find your favorite version for reviewing:
> 
> http://www.ewellic.org/rfc4645bis.html
> 
> The draft-06 links are on the right.
> 
> There are a lot of changes from draft-05 here (extlangs, ISO 639-5, 
> Scope field), so please take a look at this and make comments.


1) File production issue: There is some garbage text at the end of
http://www.ewellic.org/lstreg-4646bis-draft-06.txt.



2) Not an LTRU issue, but 639-2 has the approach of having the word
"languages" (or "other") in the descriptions for collection codes.
However, the following two collection codes do not have the word
"languages" (nor "other") in their descriptions:

Subtag:bh	Description:Bihari	Added:2005-10-16	Scope:collection
Subtag:him	Description:Himachali	Added:2005-10-16	Scope:collection



	/kent k

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Mark Davis scripsit:

> First, the advantage is that a parser can convert them into regular codes,
> and then any further processing in the pipeline can assume regularity.

If you want to do that (and I agree it is a reasonable thing to do),
then you need to:

a)	Get a variant tag for "OED orthography" from ietf-languages.

b)	Figure out what to do with "i-default".

c)	Get a 639-3 language code for Enochian from Linguist List.

d)	Get a variant tag for "Mingo dialect of Seneca" from
	ietf-languages; alternatively, get a 639-3 language code for
	Mingo from SIL.

e)	Get a collection code for "Gaulish languages" from LoC;
	alternatively, get a macrolanguage code for "Gaulish" from SIL.

f)	Get a collection code for "Min Chinese languages" from LoC.

-- 
He made the Legislature meet at one-horse       John Cowan
tank-towns out in the alfalfa belt, so that     cowan@ccil.org
hardly nobody could get there and most of       http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
the leaders would stay home and let him go      --H.L. Mencken's
to work and do things as he pleased.              Declaration of Independence
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To: "Kent Karlsson" <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>,
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At 18:03 08/06/20, Kent Karlsson wrote:

>I see that as implying that there is an implicit "as used in the US"
>part of the description of "sgn-US", even though that is not part
>of the description for "sgn-US" in the registry. (Etc. for the other
>sgn-* grandfathered tags.)

It's indeed "sign language as used in the US", but in a wider sense,
not in a narrower sense. Even for en-US, there is a lot of it that
wasn't created in the US itself.

Regards,    Martin.


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Jun 24 14:54:01 2008
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Editor's copy of draft-4645bis-06
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> >Subtag:bh Description:Bihari Added:2005-10-16 Scope:collection
> >Subtag:him Description:Himachali Added:2005-10-16 Scope:collection
> 
> As you said, this isn't an LTRU issue; we use the exact ISO 639 names, 
> and document where we don't.  I checked, and both 639-2 and 639-3 call 
> these "Bihari" and "Himachali".  I wonder if this is one reason why 
> 639-5 missed them.

Probably.  It was the 639-3 analysis (in fact, Peter Constable's) who
showed that these names represented not languages but collections.
See http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_iso639.asp?code=bih and
http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_iso639.asp?code=him for details.
This set of URLs is an excellent set of resources showing the (sometimes
obsolete) 639-3 view of various 639-2 codes.

-- 
Newbies always ask:                             John Cowan
  "Elements or attributes?                      http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Which will serve me best?"                      cowan@ccil.org
  Those who know roar like lions;
  Wise hackers smile like tigers.                   --a tanka, or extended haiku
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Martin Duerst


> >I see that as implying that there is an implicit "as used in the US"
> >part of the description of "sgn-US", even though that is not part
> >of the description for "sgn-US" in the registry. (Etc. for the other
> >sgn-* grandfathered tags.)
>
> It's indeed "sign language as used in the US", but in a wider sense,
> not in a narrower sense. Even for en-US, there is a lot of it that
> wasn't created in the US itself.

Let's be clear: "sgn-US" was intended to mean precisely "American Sign Language" -- as used *anywhere*. In particular, note that ASL is widely spoken in countries other than the USA. This was discussed at length when the tag was registered many years back, and was a reason I was very much opposed to the use of region subtags to indicate semantics other than the usual "as used in..." semantics indicated by region subtags.



Peter

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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
To: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] sgn-tags with regions (was: Re: draft updated)
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Hi -

As a technical contributor...

> From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
> To: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, June 25, 2008 9:31 AM
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] sgn-tags with regions (was: Re: draft updated)
...
> Let's be clear: "sgn-US" was intended to mean precisely
> "American Sign Language" -- as used *anywhere*. In particular,
> note that ASL is widely spoken in countries other than the USA.
...

I suppose this means that if there are regional variations in
American Sign Language as it is used around the world, we'd
have to rely on additional subtags (and not the region subtags)
to indicate them.  Does this require additional action now, or
can it be handled simply by subtag registrations as needed?

Randy

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Jun 25 10:27:20 2008
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] sgn-tags with regions (was: Re: draft updated)
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Randy Presuhn scripsit:

> I suppose this means that if there are regional variations in
> American Sign Language as it is used around the world, we'd
> have to rely on additional subtags (and not the region subtags)
> to indicate them.  Does this require additional action now, or
> can it be handled simply by subtag registrations as needed?

When 4646bis passes, we will have [sgn-]ase as a replacement,
and that can be properly subtagged ase-US, ase-CN, ase-GT, etc.

-- 
John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>             http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Today an interactive brochure website, tomorrow a global content
management system that leverages collective synergy to drive "outside of
the box" thinking and formulate key objectives into a win-win game plan
with a quality-driven approach that focuses on empowering key players
to drive-up their core competencies and increase expectations with an
all-around initiative to drive up the bottom-line. --Alex Papadimoulis
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The subtag 'ase' will replace "sgn-US" as the (sub)tag meaning "American Sign Language". You can then use region subtags with it as needed. E.g. ase-US or sgn-ase-US (based on the current draft). Among other things, it means that we don't need to do anything except deprecate the grandfathered tag "sgn-US" (etc.)

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Randy Presuhn
> Sent: Wednesday, June 25, 2008 10:08 AM
> To: 'LTRU Working Group'
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] sgn-tags with regions (was: Re: draft updated)
>
> Hi -
>
> As a technical contributor...
>
> > From: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
> > To: "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
> > Sent: Wednesday, June 25, 2008 9:31 AM
> > Subject: Re: [Ltru] sgn-tags with regions (was: Re: draft updated)
> ...
> > Let's be clear: "sgn-US" was intended to mean precisely
> > "American Sign Language" -- as used *anywhere*. In particular,
> > note that ASL is widely spoken in countries other than the USA.
> ...
>
> I suppose this means that if there are regional variations in
> American Sign Language as it is used around the world, we'd
> have to rely on additional subtags (and not the region subtags)
> to indicate them.  Does this require additional action now, or
> can it be handled simply by subtag registrations as needed?
>
> Randy
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
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From: "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] sgn-tags with regions (was: Re: draft updated)
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun 26 11:56:25 2008
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	005f1ea62a84ff0489d626e2e233b4a0
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Editor's copy of draft-4645bis-06
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Doug Ewell wrote:
> Excellent they are.  Among other things, they show those of us who don't 
> know Indian languages that the "-i" ending in "Bihari" and "Himachali" 
> essentially means "languages."  This implies that any proposal to change 
> these descriptions to "Bihari languages" and "Himachali languages" 
> should first be reviewed by the Subcommittee on Redundancy 
> Subcommittee.

Even if that interpretation of "Himachali" and "Bihari" is true (which I
doubt a bit, they look like inflections rather than composite words; I guess
"Bihari people" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihari_people) does not mean
"Bihar languages people"...), that does not prevent the expressions "Himachal
languages" and  "Bihar languages" which conforms to the 639-2 rule (for
good or bad)...

	/kent k

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun 26 11:58:58 2008
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	082f5dd79a8cfbe0d6bbcfdfdcdd9106
Subject: Re: [Ltru] sgn-tags with regions (was: Re: draft updated)
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Doug Ewell wrote:
> "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com> wrote:
> 
> > The subtag 'ase' will replace "sgn-US" as the (sub)tag meaning 
> > "American Sign Language". You can then use region subtags with it as 
> > needed. E.g. ase-US or sgn-ase-US (based on the current draft). Among 
> > other things, it means that we don't need to do anything except 
> > deprecate the grandfathered tag "sgn-US" (etc.)
> 
> Which, I hasten to add, draft-4645bis already does, not only in the 
> replacement Registry contents but also in Section 2.5 of the prose.

I still say that it is not even a possible interpretation of RFC 3066
to remove the region code in these cases, no matter how the sgn-* tags
were discussed at registration time.

The "US" part in "sgn-US" is and remains a region code, and the
appropriate target code (for Preferred-Value of the to-be-deprecated
tag sgn-US) should be "asl-US". "asl-CA" (e.g.) is simply not covered
with tags in the current LSR, along with 100+ other sign languages
(plus regional variants of those sign languages) that will be taggable
using 639-3 codes.

	/kent k

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From: "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>
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Subject: [Ltru] Bihari and Himachali (was: Re: Editor's copy of
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] sgn-tags with regions (was: Re: draft updated)
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] sgn-tags with regions (was: Re: draft updated)
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Kent Karlsson

> I still say that it is not even a possible interpretation of RFC 3066
> to remove the region code in these cases, no matter how the sgn-* tags
> were discussed at registration time.
>
> The "US" part in "sgn-US" is and remains a region code, and the
> appropriate target code (for Preferred-Value of the to-be-deprecated
> tag sgn-US) should be "asl-US".

I completely disagree.

Section 2.2 of RFC 3066 does imply that "US" in "sgn-US" derives is to be interpreted as in ISO 3166 -- i.e. 'USA'. But that section says nothing whatsoever as to how that impacts the interpretation of "sgn-US" as a whole.

While the tag "sgn-US" is "defined" by RFC 3066 in the sense of being sanctioned for use under the terms of that RFC, Section 3 of RFC 3066 indicates that such a tag can be registered to indicate the "definition" in the sense of the intended interpretation of the tag as a whole. The interpretation of the tag as a whole is made clear by the registration:

------------------
Name of requester          : Michael Everson
E-mail address of requester: everson&evertype.com
Tag to be registered       : sgn-US

English name of language   : American Sign Language

Native name of language (transcribed into ASCII): American Sign
Language, ASL

Reference to published description of the language (book or article):

Costello, Elaine. 1998. Random House Webster's American Sign Language
Dictionary. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-78011-4
------------------

To assume that "sgn-US" is synonymous with "ase-US" would imply one of two things, both of which are wrong:

- It would suggest that "sgn" is synonymous with "ase", which clearly is not the case.

- It would suggest that "sgn-US" be interpreted as "sgn-US" as "signed languages as used in the US". That could potentially mean a number of different languages, but that is definitely not the intent.

The fact that (e.g.) 'American Sign Language as used in Canada' is not covered in the current LSR does not in any way imply that your analysis is correct: that semantic is not covered because no tag was registered, and the currently registered tag does *not* have the analogous semantic of "American Sign Language as used in the USA", as is clear from the relevant record in the LSR:

Tag: sgn-US
Description: American Sign Language



Peter
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Doug Ewell


> > Probably.  It was the 639-3 analysis (in fact, Peter Constable's) who
> > showed that these names represented not languages but collections.
> > See http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_iso639.asp?code=bih and
> > http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_iso639.asp?code=him for details.
> > This set of URLs is an excellent set of resources showing the
> > (sometimes obsolete) 639-3 view of various 639-2 codes.
>
> Excellent they are.  Among other things, they show those of us who
> don't
> know Indian languages that the "-i" ending in "Bihari" and "Himachali"
> essentially means "languages."

Not in the slightest.

The "-i" ending in "X-i" means 'language of region X'. References to "Bihari" (as for Himachali, Rajasthani, etc.) are references to what were assumed to be a distinct language associated with a particular region; but more careful investigation leads to the realization that there are many different languages spoken in the region with no one of them predominant over all others. That is why I analyzed them at that time as collections -- an analysis which stuck in ISO 639-3, even though ISO 639-2 was not updated to align.

(That lack of alignment is an oversight that needs to be corrected. It probably didn't happen because it was deemed a collection for purposes of 639-3 and so excluded from 639-3, while attention on alignment issues was given mainly to cases of things included in both 639-3 and 639-2.)



Peter
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[co-chair hat on]

I have seen various people express their support for
mapping sgn-us to ase, and as far as I understand, it
seems Kent is the only one supporting the mapping of
sgn-us to ase-us. Unless anybody has any new information
or changes his/her opinion, I would like to close this
issue, so that we can concentrate discussion on where
we still need it.

Regards,    Martin.


At 03:58 08/06/27, Kent Karlsson wrote:
>Doug Ewell wrote:
>> "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com> wrote:
>> 
>> > The subtag 'ase' will replace "sgn-US" as the (sub)tag meaning 
>> > "American Sign Language". You can then use region subtags with it as 
>> > needed. E.g. ase-US or sgn-ase-US (based on the current draft). Among 
>> > other things, it means that we don't need to do anything except 
>> > deprecate the grandfathered tag "sgn-US" (etc.)
>> 
>> Which, I hasten to add, draft-4645bis already does, not only in the 
>> replacement Registry contents but also in Section 2.5 of the prose.
>
>I still say that it is not even a possible interpretation of RFC 3066
>to remove the region code in these cases, no matter how the sgn-* tags
>were discussed at registration time.
>
>The "US" part in "sgn-US" is and remains a region code, and the
>appropriate target code (for Preferred-Value of the to-be-deprecated
>tag sgn-US) should be "asl-US". "asl-CA" (e.g.) is simply not covered
>with tags in the current LSR, along with 100+ other sign languages
>(plus regional variants of those sign languages) that will be taggable
>using 639-3 codes.
>
>       /kent k
>
>_______________________________________________
>Ltru mailing list
>Ltru@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] sgn-tags with regions (was: Re: draft updated)
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What Doug says is definitive and correct.

At 19:55 -0600 2008-06-26, Doug Ewell wrote:
>Kent Karlsson <kent dot karlsson14 at comhem dot se> wrote:
>
>>>>The subtag 'ase' will replace "sgn-US" as the =

>>>>(sub)tag meaning "American Sign Language". =

>>>>You can then use region subtags with it as =

>>>>needed. E.g. ase-US or sgn-ase-US (based on =

>>>>the current draft).
>>
>>I still say that it is not even a possible =

>>interpretation of RFC 3066 to remove the region =

>>code in these cases, no matter how the sgn-* =

>>tags were discussed at registration time.
>
>You are wrong.  Sorry to be so discourteously =

>direct, but let facts be submitted to a candid =

>world.
>
>>The "US" part in "sgn-US" is and remains a =

>>region code, and the appropriate target code =

>>(for Preferred-Value of the to-be-deprecated =

>>tag sgn-US) should be "asl-US".
>
>The "US" part is there to modify and narrow down =

>"sgn", to show that it means not merely "sign =

>languages" but specifically "American Sign =

>Language."  It is NOT functioning as a true =

>region code.  It is actually functioning just =

>like an extlang, although that concept had not =

>yet been formalized in 2001.  Forget about the =

>syntactic point that "US" is two letters long, =

>and focus on the parallel semantic relationships:
>
>"zh" means "Chinese."
>"zh-yue" means "not just any Chinese, but specifically Cantonese."
>
>"sgn" means "sign languages."
>"sgn-US" (as registered) means "not just any =

>sign language, but specifically ASL."
>
>These tags, registered by ietf-languages in =

>2001, used two-letter ISO 3166 codes in an =

>extremely loose sense of the term "region =

>identification."  They don't refer to regional =

>variations of a single language, as is the case =

>for normal generative tags; rather, they refer =

>to *completely different languages*.  This is =

>the change in semantics that Peter Constable was =

>referring to.
>
>By arguing that the Preferred-Value for "sgn-US" =

>should be "asl-US", you are arguing that the =

>"US" in "sgn-US" actually modifies "sgn" in TWO =

>ways:
>
>1. to indicate "American Sign Language"
>2. to indicate the region "United States"
>
>which is a position I find completely untenable.
>
>Consider the special rule added to RFC 3066, =

>Section 3, that attempted to lend legitimacy to =

>these tags:
>
>"This procedure MAY also be used to register =

>information with the IANA about a tag defined by =

>this document, for instance if one wishes to =

>make publicly available a reference to the =

>definition for a language such as sgn-US =

>(American Sign Language)."
>
>Notice that this is phrased in terms of making a =

>reference publicly available, not changing the =

>definition of "a tag defined by this document" =

>from its generative meaning to something else, =

>but in fact it does change the meaning.  I know =

>you understand this, because you do not claim =

>that "sgn-US" as registered means "any old sign =

>language as used in the United States," which =

>would be its generative meaning.
>
>Notice, too, that this rule has never been =

>invoked for ANY other language -- no matter how =

>well-known and exhaustively documented, no =

>matter how obscure and in need of documentation =

>-- except for the batch of sign languages =

>registered in 2001, shortly after RFC 3066 was =

>published.  And notice that this rule no longer =

>exists in RFC 4646, or in draft-4646bis.  It was =

>only in RFC 3066 BECAUSE of this batch of tags =

>that were coming down the pike, that DID use =

>two-letter ISO 3166-based second-position =

>subtags to mean something OTHER than "as used in =

>such-and-so country."
>
>You are right in thinking that "xxx-US" for some =

>language 'xxx' SHOULD mean "language xxx as used =

>in the United States."  In all *generative* tags =

>going back to RFC 1766, that is exactly what =

>they mean, no exceptions.  That is exactly why =

>Peter and I and I'm sure others dislike these =

>nonstandard sign-language tags so much, and =

>can't wait to replace them with generative tags =

>that mean just what they say.
>
>You can choose not to believe the Description =

>field in the Registry, nor the original =

>registration form from 2001 which is still =

>archived by IANA =

>(http://www.iana.org/assignments/lang-tags/sgn-US), =

>and you can choose not to take into account the =

>intent of the requester, but the fact remains =

>that the "US" in "sgn-US" is NOT serving double =

>duty as both a de-facto extlang AND a region =

>qualifier.  No subtag has ever been asked to =

>serve double duty like that.
>
>I am cc'ing Michael, the original requester, =

>again in hopes that he will have something =

>definitive to say, because evidently what Peter =

>and Addison and I are saying is not definitive =

>enough.
>
>>"asl-CA" (e.g.) is simply not covered with tags =

>>in the current LSR, along with 100+ other sign =

>>languages (plus regional variants of those sign =

>>languages) that will be taggable using 639-3 =

>>codes.
>
>This part, at least, is true.
>
>--
>Doug Ewell  *  Arvada, Colorado, USA  *  RFC 4645  *  UTN #14
>http://www.ewellic.org
>http://www1.ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
>http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/ietf-languages  =96


-- =

Michael Everson * http://www.evertype.com
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Remaining issues
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> I'd really like to start wrapping this up.

I strongly agree.

> One thing that worries me is being stuck in IETF Last Call or the RFC
> Editor queue when ISO 639-3 releases their annual list of changes.

I don't think either of those are relevant.  If we are not yet approved,
that just means we can't apply the changes directly in 4645bis but will
have to process them through on ietf-languages in bulk, which shouldn't
be much of a problem.  (Of course, you'll have to play Official Doug.)

As for the editor queue, it doesn't matter: as soon as 4645bis and 4646bis
are approved, the new LSR goes into effect and so does the (mildly) new
process.  Delays in the queue only affect people who want to refer to
some feature of the new RFC either directly or as part of BCP 47.

-- 
Values of beeta will give rise to dom!          John Cowan
(5th/6th edition 'mv' said this if you tried    http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
to rename '.' or '..' entries; see              cowan@ccil.org
http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/odd.html)
_______________________________________________
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