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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags (Was: BCP47 Appeals process
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Randy Presuhn 2008-10-01 08.52:

> As a technical contributor...
>> From: "Mark Davis" <mark@macchiato.com>


>> I'm not opposed to
>> 
>> de-1901
>> uz-1901
>> and so on. These are meaningful and easy for people to understand.
>> 
>> I think that can be encapsulated as:
>> 
>> Type: variant
>> Subtag: 2003
>> Description: Denotes a change in orthography, transliteration, or other
>> usage associated with the publication of a significant standard or other
>> specification in 2003
>> Prefix: de
>> Prefix: uz
>> Prefix: be-ungegn
>> 
>> We can then add prefixes that are known to have such cases over time.
> 
> I'm worried about "fuzziness" creeping in  in cases like this.
> A registration request might provide a very precise definition,
> identifying a particular national or international standard
> for a particular prefix.


"First to mill" doesn't seem the right principle when it comes to 
the right to "occupy" number "2003" - referring to year 2003 AD. 
Therefore, I agree with Mark that this makes sense.

Defining e.g. "2003" the way Mark suggests here, also creates a 
"registration pattern": It shows a way to do it.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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I'm not really sure what's wrong, in terms of "figuring it out" with:

Type: variant
Subtag: 1901
Description: German orthography of 1901
Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901
Prefix: de
Prefix: uz

(it should be clear that the 'de' is German and the 'uz' is Uzbek).
If this isn't clear, then what about the following:

Type: variant
Subtag: 1901
Description: German orthography of 1901
Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901
Prefix: de
Prefix: uz
Comment: with Prefix de, German orthography of 1901
Comment: with Prefix uz, Uzbek transliteration of 1901

(but it seems kind of silly, doesn't it).

I'm not saying we should do this a lot, but I don't see any
really fundamental problem with it in terms of figuring out
what things mean, which is the most important point.

Regards,    Martin.

At 05:43 08/10/01, Randy Presuhn wrote:
>Hi -
>
>As a technical contributor...
>
>> From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
>> To: "Stephane Bortzmeyer" <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
>> Cc: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>; "Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>; 
><Doug@core3.amsl.com>
>> Sent: Tuesday, September 30, 2008 8:39 AM
>> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags (Was: BCP47 Appeals process
>>
>> Let me retry expressing this. Consider this record:
>> 
>> Type: variant
>> Subtag: 1901
>> Description: German orthography of 1901
>> Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901
>> Prefix: de
>> Prefix: uz
>> Comments: Good luck figuring this out.
>
>This is precisely how the ietf-languages@iana.org list appears
>to proposing that "pinyin" be handled.
>
>Consider, on the other hand...
>
>Type: variant
>Subtag: 1901
>Description: German orthography of 1901
>Prefix: de
>Comments: Should be clear.
>
>Type: variant
>Subtag: 1901
>Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901
>Prefix: uz
>Comments: Should be clear.
> 
>We should be clear about whether we want to permit this or not.
>I think there is no problem when the prefix is used.  The problem
>is figuring out what it means when one of these variants is used
>with any other prefix.  (It's also a problem if someone has used the
>subtag as a database key.)
>
>Randy
>
>_______________________________________________
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#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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At 05:39 08/10/01, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
>On Tue, Sep 30, 2008 at 08:40:36AM -0700,
> Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com> wrote 
> a message of 41 lines which said:
>
>> Since there is no consensus on my proposed change, unless directed
>> by the chairs otherwise, I will removed my proposed text from the
>> editor's copy before incorporating any other changes.
>
>True, there is no consensus yet but the issue is a real one, no? RFC
>4646 does not provide clear guidance (although ietf-languages'
>practice has always been to refuse identical variant
>subtags). Shouldn't we delay the I-D a bit for that?

I hope we can restrict this to the a very short time.
Everybody, please comment quickly and express clearly
what you can absolutely not live with vs. just desirable
stuff, so that we can converge quickly.

Regards,    Martin.



#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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At 06:00 08/10/01, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:

>Yes. It seems most developers assumed that identical variant subtags
>were forbidden and so allowing your solution would break
>compatibility.
>
>Also, for all other types, duplication of a subtag is forbidden. It
>may be difficult to explain why variants are different.

 From an implementation point of view, it may be very difficult to
explain. From a user point, it's rather easy to explain; variants
are secondary information, whereas others (incl. regions, scipts)
have a primary meaning, even if they are used for secondary
distinctions in language tags.

Regards,   Martin.



#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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From: "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Oct  1 08:48:02 2008
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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> I'm not saying year numbers don't ever have their place, but it
> worries
> me when we expect them to be so common that we are thinking about
> compromising an important property of the Registry, uniqueness of
> subtag
> values within type, in anticipation that there will be tons of them.

I don't think the problem will be common. The problem is that the potential for conflicts is relatively large if years end up being used commonly, since mostly we'll be registering either (a) new events that happen typically in the current or a recent year or (b) standards published in the relatively recent past fifty years or so (1694acad notwithstanding). I don't think it is a huge problem, but I think we should foreclose the possibility of a particular year being given two meanings.

Although I think subtags like "1958hpin" (or is it "hpin1958"???) are particularly ugly, they do solve the uniqueness problem pretty well. So I think that formally banning subtag 'repurposing' should be done.

> 
> And no, I don't consider this inconsistent with my position that
> 'coruc'
> and 'corur' and so forth are acceptable subtags.  These may be
> cryptic, but they are not arbitrary.

It's not inconsistent and your position on those subtags is not incoherent. My concern with them was merely that a tranche of extremely similar subtags might prove confusing and difficult for users to approach, not that they were not "unique enough". 

Addison
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Oct  1 16:25:29 2008
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Doug Ewell 2008-10-01 15.37:

> Many wrote:

 >

>>>> I am wholly and utterly opposed to allowing two records of the same 
>>>> type with the same subtag.
>>>
>>> And so am I.
>>
>> As am I.
> 
> Me too.  Could not live with this.


I think Mark actally expressed that registering "2003" as a subtag 
with the meaning "language reform linked to year 2003" would 
satisfy the uniqueness requirement.

Further down in this letter, you say that you disagree with him 
(and those of us who agree - at least I and Martin) in this.

> Mark added:

 >

>> I'm not opposed to
>>
>> de-1901
>> uz-1901
>> and so on. These are meaningful and easy for people to understand.
> 
> As a matter of subtag assignment policy, which is really a question for 
> ietf-languages,


Here I must agree that you take up a valid problem. Somehow the 
years would have to be reserved for a certain use. And what about 
e.g. "1996", would we be fiddling with what it was registereded as 
if we said that it from now on means "Language reforms of the 
following languages linked to year 1996: German, X, Y, Z"?

> I think we are seriously overestimating both the need to 
> tag variations identified by a year and the likelihood that users will 
> connect these year numbers to the variations.

The question isn't, I think, "need to identify by year", but 
rather "need to identify language reform".

Regarding what's likely, that's a matter of what one are used to. 
The more there is a pattern, the more one will get used to.

> German was a notable special case: it had a well-known, widely 
> publicized, and much-debated orthographic revision for which we ended up 
> creating the tag "de-1996" (with complement "de-1901" for the old 
> orthography) back in the RFC 3066 whole-tag days.  This was largely 
> because we wanted to avoid something like "de-revised" knowing that it 
> might be revised again some day.  However, even now we talk of "de-1901" 
> and "de-1996" as making distinctions that usually don't need to be made; 
> see, for example, Section 4.1 of both RFC 4646 and draft-4646bis-17.

This socalled "well-known"-ness: All that is matter of how 
familiar you are with the particular language. I do not understand 
the likelyhood question. Language reforms is a common thing.

> Since assigning "1994" to a Resian orthography invented by Han 
> Steenwijk, which might well have been named for him instead, 
> ietf-languages has been more and more willing to use year numbers to 
> identify language variations, even those where the variation is not 
> commonly associated with the year, or where regular revisions 
> identifiable by year are not expected.  We are about to register 

> '1959acad' for Belarusian even though we distinguish no other revisions 
> of Academy Belarusian, and we were considering 'hpin1958' for Hanyu 
> Pinyin even though the distinction we wanted to draw was between Hanyu 
> and other Pinyins, not between 1958 and any other revision.

Here you bring up some relevant "hairs in the soup": Even if we 
establish that years are to mean "language reform", there will 
still be some subtags which do not fit nicely into the system, and 
also some subtags which aren't contstructed that way (as years) 
even though they (perhaps) could have been.

> I'm not saying year numbers don't ever have their place, but it worries 
> me when we expect them to be so common that we are thinking about 
> compromising an important property of the Registry, uniqueness of subtag 
> values within type, in anticipation that there will be tons of them.

So you disagree with Mark's intepretation of how to understand 
uniqueness.

Regarding "tons":  The fact of the matter is that coming up with - 
and agreeing to - language subtag *names* is an extra burdon for 
any registerer. It is an extra fence to protect against 
registration of variation subtags. (The region subtags are not 
decided by us, you know, but by the UN ... etc.)

While OTOH, using year for language reforms, is very inviting.  It 
could encourage registration. Should that be avoided?

> And no, I don't consider this inconsistent with my position that 'coruc' 
> and 'corur' and so forth are acceptable subtags.  These may be cryptic, 
> but they are not arbitrary.

-- 
leif halvard silli
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At 06:00 08/10/01, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:

>Yes. It seems most developers assumed that identical variant subtags
>were forbidden and so allowing your solution would break
>compatibility.
>
>Also, for all other types, duplication of a subtag is forbidden. It
>may be difficult to explain why variants are different.

 From an implementation point of view, it may be very difficult to
explain. From a user point, it's rather easy to explain; variants
are secondary information, whereas others (incl. regions, scipts)
have a primary meaning, even if they are used for secondary
distinctions in language tags.

Regards,   Martin.



#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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At 08:25 08/10/02, Leif Halvard Silli wrote:

>I think Mark actally expressed that registering "2003" as a subtag with the meaning "language reform linked to year 2003" would satisfy the uniqueness requirement.
>
>Further down in this letter, you say that you disagree with him (and those of us who agree - at least I and Martin) in this.

[technical hat on]
Just to clarify, I'm not taking much of a side on this issue.
I can live with any solution, from having duplicate variant
records distinguished by prefix to totally prohibiting variant
reuse for even slightly different purposes.

[chair hat on]
I think I have seen very strong opposition to having multiple
records with the same variant subtag, for implementation reasons,
and nobody fighting for multiple records as such. Addison and Mark,
unless this is already covered in -17, can I ask you to draft some
language covering this (and only this) point?

I have not yet seen any consensus on the details of the content of
that single record. My current tendency, given that we are in a
repetition of WG Last Call, and that we have discussed this issue
before, is to leave it as it is in -17.

>While OTOH, using year for language reforms, is very inviting.  It could encourage registration. Should that be avoided?

This brings up the general issue of how we might be able to
shorten discussions about registrations with clearer guidelines.
If you have any ideas on this, please tell us.

However, my current understanding would be that clearer guidelines
could go one way or another, and that in the absence of any new
consensus, we will have to leave it at what we have with -17.

Regards,    Martin.



#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>, Leif Halvard Silli
	<lhs@malform.no>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2008 21:25:57 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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> 
> [chair hat on]
> I think I have seen very strong opposition to having multiple
> records with the same variant subtag, for implementation reasons,
> and nobody fighting for multiple records as such. Addison and Mark,
> unless this is already covered in -17, can I ask you to draft some
> language covering this (and only this) point?

I already drafted it in the editor's copy and just proposed removing said draft for lack of any consensus. draft-18 on inter-locale has the proposed text.

Addison
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Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 09:10:36 +0200
From: "Mark Davis" <mark@macchiato.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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I looked back at the text you had:
<t>Requests to assign an additional record of a given type with an existing
subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the variant subtag 'rozaj'
already exists in the registry, so adding a second record of type 'variant'
with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.</t>

Here is my proposal based on the discussion.

<t>Records
are unique by Type and Subtype: the registry MUST not contain two
different records that have identical values for both Type and
Subtype. Thus requests to assign an additional record of a given Type
with an existing Subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the
variant subtag 'rozaj' already exists in the registry, so adding a
second record of type 'variant' with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.
However, information can be added to an existing record. For example, the
'1994' subtag variant record could have the prefix 'fr-CA' added together
with a description of usage for a French Canadian spelling reform associated
with the year 1994.</t>

<t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple (or no) prefixes must have
consistent meaning across those prefixes. Four digit subtags should refer to
some specification or change associated with a year for the given prefixes.
Other subtags may be associated with an authority for the language,
orthography, or transliteration (transcription), such as 'ungegn', 'bgn', or
'gost'. When applied to different prefixes, they would always refer to the
same authority.</t>

Mark


On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 6:25 AM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>wrote:

> >
> > [chair hat on]
> > I think I have seen very strong opposition to having multiple
> > records with the same variant subtag, for implementation reasons,
> > and nobody fighting for multiple records as such. Addison and Mark,
> > unless this is already covered in -17, can I ask you to draft some
> > language covering this (and only this) point?
>
> I already drafted it in the editor's copy and just proposed removing said
> draft for lack of any consensus. draft-18 on inter-locale has the proposed
> text.
>
> Addison
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>

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Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 09:11:02 +0200
From: "Mark Davis" <mark@macchiato.com>
To: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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I looked back at the text you had:
<t>Requests to assign an additional record of a given type with an existing
subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the variant subtag 'rozaj'
already exists in the registry, so adding a second record of type 'variant'
with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.</t>

Here is my proposal based on the discussion.

<t>Records
are unique by Type and Subtype: the registry MUST not contain two
different records that have identical values for both Type and
Subtype. Thus requests to assign an additional record of a given Type
with an existing Subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the
variant subtag 'rozaj' already exists in the registry, so adding a
second record of type 'variant' with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.
However, information can be added to an existing record. For example, the
'1994' subtag variant record could have the prefix 'fr-CA' added together
with a description of usage for a French Canadian spelling reform associated
with the year 1994.</t>

<t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple (or no) prefixes must have
consistent meaning across those prefixes. Four digit subtags should refer to
some specification or change associated with a year for the given prefixes.
Other subtags may be associated with an authority for the language,
orthography, or transliteration (transcription), such as 'ungegn', 'bgn', or
'gost'. When applied to different prefixes, they would always refer to the
same authority.</t>

Mark


On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 6:25 AM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>wrote:

> >
> > [chair hat on]
> > I think I have seen very strong opposition to having multiple
> > records with the same variant subtag, for implementation reasons,
> > and nobody fighting for multiple records as such. Addison and Mark,
> > unless this is already covered in -17, can I ask you to draft some
> > language covering this (and only this) point?
>
> I already drafted it in the editor's copy and just proposed removing said
> draft for lack of any consensus. draft-18 on inter-locale has the proposed
> text.
>
> Addison
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
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I assume "Subtype" should be "Subtag". Also some of the example variant =
subtags (with letters) here are shorter than 5 letters/digits.
=20
I like the year approach here. Many languages get orthographic reforms, =
usually small, issued by a (recognised) authority for the language in =
question.
This would just be for pure 4-digit variant subtags.
=20
Not sure I really like the organisation approach. But I'm not strongly =
opposed. Still, does it have to be emphasised as an example (out of only =
two approaches,
this and year numbers, so emphasised)?
=20
    /kent k


  _____ =20

From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of =
Mark Davis
Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 9:11 AM
To: Phillips, Addison
Cc: LTRU Working Group; Doug Ewell
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags


I looked back at the text you had:=20

<t>Requests to assign an additional record of a given type with an =
existing subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the variant subtag =
'rozaj' already exists in the registry, so adding a second record of =
type 'variant' with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.</t>


Here is my proposal based on the discussion.

<t>Records are unique by Type and Subtype: the registry MUST not contain =
two different records that have identical values for both Type and =
Subtype. Thus requests to assign an additional record of a given Type =
with an existing Subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the variant =
subtag 'rozaj' already exists in the registry, so adding a second record =
of type 'variant' with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited. However, =
information can be added to an existing record. For example, the '1994' =
subtag variant record could have the prefix 'fr-CA' added together with =
a description of usage for a French Canadian spelling reform associated =
with the year 1994.</t>

<t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple (or no) prefixes must =
have consistent meaning across those prefixes. Four digit subtags should =
refer to some specification or change associated with a year for the =
given prefixes. Other subtags may be associated with an authority for =
the language, orthography, or transliteration (transcription), such as =
'ungegn', 'bgn', or 'gost'. When applied to different prefixes, they =
would always refer to the same authority.</t>

Mark



On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 6:25 AM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com> =
wrote:


>
> [chair hat on]
> I think I have seen very strong opposition to having multiple
> records with the same variant subtag, for implementation reasons,
> and nobody fighting for multiple records as such. Addison and Mark,
> unless this is already covered in -17, can I ask you to draft some
> language covering this (and only this) point?


I already drafted it in the editor's copy and just proposed removing =
said draft for lack of any consensus. draft-18 on inter-locale has the =
proposed text.

Addison

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<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dutf-8">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.6000.16705" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D659072407-02102008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>I=20
assume "Subtype" should be "Subtag". Also some of the example variant =
subtags=20
(with letters) here are shorter than 5 =
letters/digits.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D659072407-02102008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D659072407-02102008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>I like=20
the year approach here. Many languages get orthographic reforms, usually =
small,=20
issued by a (recognised) authority for the language in=20
question.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D659072407-02102008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>This=20
would just be for pure 4-digit variant subtags.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D659072407-02102008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D659072407-02102008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>Not=20
sure I really like the organisation approach. But I'm not strongly =
opposed.=20
Still, does it have to be emphasised as an example (out of only two=20
approaches,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D659072407-02102008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>this=20
and year numbers,&nbsp;so emphasised)?</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D659072407-02102008><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D659072407-02102008>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>/kent k</FONT></SPAN></DIV><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft>
  <HR tabIndex=3D-1>
  <FONT face=3DTahoma size=3D2><B>From:</B> ltru-bounces@ietf.org=20
  [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Mark =
Davis<BR><B>Sent:</B>=20
  Thursday, October 02, 2008 9:11 AM<BR><B>To:</B> Phillips,=20
  Addison<BR><B>Cc:</B> LTRU Working Group; Doug =
Ewell<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re:=20
  [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags<BR></FONT><BR></DIV>
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV dir=3Dltr>I looked back at the text you had:
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=3DApple-style-span=20
  style=3D"BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse">&lt;t&gt;Requests to assign an =
additional=20
  record of a given type with an existing subtag value MUST be rejected. =
For=20
  example, the variant subtag 'rozaj' already exists in the registry, so =
adding=20
  a second record of type 'variant' with the subtag 'rozaj' is=20
  prohibited.&lt;/t&gt;</SPAN><BR>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>Here is my proposal based on the discussion.</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>&lt;t&gt;Records=20
  =
are&nbsp;unique&nbsp;by&nbsp;Type&nbsp;and&nbsp;Subtype:&nbsp;the&nbsp;re=
gistry&nbsp;MUST&nbsp;not&nbsp;contain&nbsp;two&nbsp;different&nbsp;recor=
ds&nbsp;that&nbsp;have&nbsp;identical&nbsp;values&nbsp;for&nbsp;both&nbsp=
;Type&nbsp;and&nbsp;Subtype.&nbsp;Thus&nbsp;requests&nbsp;to&nbsp;assign&=
nbsp;an&nbsp;additional&nbsp;record&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;given&nbsp;Type&n=
bsp;with&nbsp;an&nbsp;existing&nbsp;Subtag&nbsp;value&nbsp;MUST&nbsp;be&n=
bsp;rejected.&nbsp;For&nbsp;example,&nbsp;the&nbsp;variant&nbsp;subtag&nb=
sp;'rozaj'&nbsp;already&nbsp;exists&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;registry,&nbsp;=
so&nbsp;adding&nbsp;a&nbsp;second&nbsp;record&nbsp;of&nbsp;type&nbsp;'var=
iant'&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;subtag&nbsp;'rozaj'&nbsp;is&nbsp;prohibited=
.=20
  However,=20
  =
information&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;added&nbsp;to&nbsp;an&nbsp;existing&nbs=
p;record.&nbsp;For&nbsp;example,&nbsp;the=20
  '1994' subtag variant record could&nbsp;have the prefix 'fr-CA' added =
together=20
  with a description of usage for a French Canadian spelling reform =
associated=20
  with the year 1994.&lt;/t&gt;</DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>&lt;t&gt;Variant subtags that are used with multiple (or no) =
prefixes=20
  must have consistent meaning across those prefixes. Four digit subtags =
should=20
  refer to some specification or change associated with a year for the =
given=20
  prefixes. Other subtags may be associated with an authority for the =
language,=20
  orthography, or transliteration (transcription), such as 'ungegn', =
'bgn', or=20
  'gost'. When applied to different prefixes, they would always refer to =
the=20
  same authority.&lt;/t&gt;</DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV><BR></DIV>
  <DIV>Mark<BR><BR><BR>
  <DIV class=3Dgmail_quote>On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 6:25 AM, Phillips, =
Addison <SPAN=20
  dir=3Dltr>&lt;<A=20
  href=3D"mailto:addison@amazon.com">addison@amazon.com</A>&gt;</SPAN> =
wrote:<BR>
  <BLOCKQUOTE class=3Dgmail_quote=20
  style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 1ex; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; BORDER-LEFT: =
#ccc 1px solid">
    <DIV class=3DIh2E3d>&gt;<BR>&gt; [chair hat on]<BR>&gt; I think I =
have seen=20
    very strong opposition to having multiple<BR>&gt; records with the =
same=20
    variant subtag, for implementation reasons,<BR>&gt; and nobody =
fighting for=20
    multiple records as such. Addison and Mark,<BR>&gt; unless this is =
already=20
    covered in -17, can I ask you to draft some<BR>&gt; language =
covering this=20
    (and only this) point?<BR><BR></DIV>I already drafted it in the =
editor's=20
    copy and just proposed removing said draft for lack of any =
consensus.=20
    draft-18 on inter-locale has the proposed text.<BR><FONT=20
    color=3D#888888><BR>Addison<BR></FONT>
    <DIV>
    <DIV></DIV>
    <DIV =
class=3DWj3C7c>_______________________________________________<BR>Ltru=20
    mailing list<BR><A =
href=3D"mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</A><BR><A=20
    href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru"=20
    =
target=3D_blank>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</A><BR></DIV><=
/DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY><=
/HTML>

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_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru

--===============1160124499==--



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Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 10:18:51 +0200
From: mark@macchiato.com
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Thanks for the comments. After thinking about it a bit, I made some
significant edits, as follows.

<t>Records are unique by Type and Subtag: the registry MUST not
contain two different records that have identical values for both Type
and Subtag. Thus requests to assign an additional record of a given
Type with an existing Subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the
variant subtag 'rozaj' already exists in the registry, so adding a
second record of type 'variant' with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.
However, information <i>can</i> be added to an existing record. For
example, the '1994' subtag variant record could have the prefix
'fr-CA' added together with a description of usage for a French
Canadian spelling reform associated with the year 1994.</t>

<t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have
consistent semantics across those prefixes. Variant subtags MAY
indicate an organization (including governments), such as 'ungegn',
'usbgn', or 'cisgost'. When applied to different prefixes, each would
consistently refer to a variant as specified by that organization for
those prefixes. For example, 'ungegn' could be defined as referring to
a transliteration for any given prefix as specified by the United
Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN).</t>

<t>Four digit subtags are reserved for indicating a year. Their
meaning is in reference to some significant specification or other
work associated with that year. It may have multiple prefixes: the
particular specification for a given prefix MUST be clearly indicated
in one of the Descriptions.</t>

On 10/2/08, Kent Karlsson <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se> wrote:
> I assume "Subtype" should be "Subtag". Also some of the example variant
> subtags (with letters) here are shorter than 5 letters/digits.
>
> I like the year approach here. Many languages get orthographic reforms,
> usually small, issued by a (recognised) authority for the language in
> question.
> This would just be for pure 4-digit variant subtags.
>
> Not sure I really like the organisation approach. But I'm not strongly
> opposed. Still, does it have to be emphasised as an example (out of only two
> approaches,
> this and year numbers, so emphasised)?
>
>     /kent k
>
>
>   _____
>
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Mark
> Davis
> Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 9:11 AM
> To: Phillips, Addison
> Cc: LTRU Working Group; Doug Ewell
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
>
>
> I looked back at the text you had:
>
> <t>Requests to assign an additional record of a given type with an existing
> subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the variant subtag 'rozaj'
> already exists in the registry, so adding a second record of type 'variant'
> with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.</t>
>
>
> Here is my proposal based on the discussion.
>
> <t>Records are unique by Type and Subtype: the registry MUST not contain two
> different records that have identical values for both Type and Subtype. Thus
> requests to assign an additional record of a given Type with an existing
> Subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the variant subtag 'rozaj'
> already exists in the registry, so adding a second record of type 'variant'
> with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited. However, information can be added to
> an existing record. For example, the '1994' subtag variant record could have
> the prefix 'fr-CA' added together with a description of usage for a French
> Canadian spelling reform associated with the year 1994.</t>
>
> <t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple (or no) prefixes must have
> consistent meaning across those prefixes. Four digit subtags should refer to
> some specification or change associated with a year for the given prefixes.
> Other subtags may be associated with an authority for the language,
> orthography, or transliteration (transcription), such as 'ungegn', 'bgn', or
> 'gost'. When applied to different prefixes, they would always refer to the
> same authority.</t>
>
> Mark
>
>
>
> On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 6:25 AM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>
> wrote:
>
>
>>
>> [chair hat on]
>> I think I have seen very strong opposition to having multiple
>> records with the same variant subtag, for implementation reasons,
>> and nobody fighting for multiple records as such. Addison and Mark,
>> unless this is already covered in -17, can I ask you to draft some
>> language covering this (and only this) point?
>
>
> I already drafted it in the editor's copy and just proposed removing said
> draft for lack of any consensus. draft-18 on inter-locale has the proposed
> text.
>
> Addison
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>
>
>


-- 
Mark
_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
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https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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I'd see this particular block of similar tags as rather an advantage in =

the context, Addison, than any disadvantage (context being tags =

referring to Cornish), as I'd expect actual users to find no difficulty =

at all differentiating between them, especially as linguistic reform is =

currently a very live topic within a community which, although small, =

has had to learn to live with several reforms within a relatively short =

space of time.

I write this wearing my hat as Advisory Editor, English-Cornish =

Dictionary/Gerlyver Sawsnek-Kernowek, Nicholas Williams, Everson Gunn =

Teoranta/Agan Tavas 2000 (NB. First edition, which took two years to =

compile, during which the last but one reform was still in a state of flux).
mg

Phillips, Addison:
> ...
> It's not inconsistent and your position on those subtags is not incoheren=
t. My concern with them was merely that a tranche of extremely similar subt=
ags might prove confusing and difficult for users to approach, not that the=
y were not "unique enough". =

>
> Addison
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>   =



-- =


Marion Gunn * eGteo (Estab.1991)

27 P=E1irc an Fh=E9ithlinn, Baile an

Bh=F3thair, An Charraig Dhubh,

Co. =C1tha Cliath, =C9ire/Ireland

* mgunn@egt.ie * eamonn@egt.ie *

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Oct  2 06:19:18 2008
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Phillips, Addison 2008-10-01 17.47:

>> I'm not saying year numbers don't ever have their place, but
>> it worries me when we expect them to be so common that we are
>> thinking about compromising an important property of the
>> Registry, uniqueness of subtag values within type, in
>> anticipation that there will be tons of them.
> =

> I don't think the problem will be common. The problem is that
> the potential for conflicts is relatively large if years end up
> being used commonly, since mostly we'll be registering either
> (a) new events that happen typically in the current or a recent
> year or (b) standards published in the relatively recent past
> fifty years or so (1694acad notwithstanding). I don't think it
> is a huge problem, but I think we should foreclose the
> possibility of a particular year being given two meanings.


For Norwegian Nynorsk, I could meaningfully register at the very =

least 3 years. Same for Norwegian Bokm=E5l. And even more if I were =

to really register all the revisions. Most modern language norms =

are not more than 200 years old, I think. So year numbers for the =

last 200 years would be most at risk for being used.

There is a "clash" problem in the case of Macrolanguage subtags. =

For instance, both Bokm=E5l and Nynorsk was revised in 1917. So if =

one wrote "no-1917", then it would not be clear what it meant. =

(However, that unclarity allready is built into the 'no' tag.) =

Whereas, if I wrote no-1907, then it could only refer to the =

Bokm=E5l reform of 1907. (Interesting side effect that variation =

tags could make a macrolangauge tag more spesific.)

Otherwise, I am not sure what conflict you talk about. Used =

correctly, there should not be any conflict (except with =

Macrolanguage subtags). Of course, there will be different reforms =

linked to the same year, no doubt, if that was what you meant.
-- =

leif halvard silli
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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mark@macchiato.com scripsit:

> <t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have
> consistent semantics across those prefixes. 

I'd say "a single meaning" rather than "consistent semantics".
The hypothetical subtag 'western' has consistent semantics (it means
"the western dialect of any language") but not a single meaning, for
en-US-western has nothing to do with ko-western.

-- 
He made the Legislature meet at one-horse       John Cowan
tank-towns out in the alfalfa belt, so that     cowan@ccil.org
hardly nobody could get there and most of       http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
the leaders would stay home and let him go      --H.L. Mencken's
to work and do things as he pleased.              Declaration of Independence
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That's a good change, thanks. Modified wording below.
<t>Records are unique by Type and Subtag: the registry MUST not
contain two different records that have identical values for both Type
and Subtag. Thus requests to assign an additional record of a given
Type with an existing Subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the
variant subtag 'rozaj' already exists in the registry, so adding a
second record of type 'variant' with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.
However, information <i>can</i> be added to an existing record. For
example, the '1994' subtag variant record could have the prefix
'fr-CA' added together with a description of usage for a French
Canadian spelling reform associated with the year 1994.</t>

<t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have
a single meaning across those prefixes. Variant subtags MAY
indicate an organization (including governments), such as 'ungegn',
'usbgn', or 'cisgost'. When applied to different prefixes, each would
consistently refer to a variant as specified by that organization for
those prefixes. For example, 'ungegn' could be defined as referring to
a transliteration for any given prefix as specified by the United
Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN).</t>

<t>Four digit subtags are reserved for indicating a year. Their
meaning is in reference to some significant specification or other
work associated with that year. It may have multiple prefixes: the
particular specification for a given prefix MUST be clearly indicated
in one of the Descriptions.</t>

Mark


On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 3:50 PM, John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org> wrote:

> mark@macchiato.com scripsit:
>
> > <t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have
> > consistent semantics across those prefixes.
>
> I'd say "a single meaning" rather than "consistent semantics".
> The hypothetical subtag 'western' has consistent semantics (it means
> "the western dialect of any language") but not a single meaning, for
> en-US-western has nothing to do with ko-western.
>
> --
> He made the Legislature meet at one-horse       John Cowan
> tank-towns out in the alfalfa belt, so that     cowan@ccil.org
> hardly nobody could get there and most of       http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
> the leaders would stay home and let him go      --H.L. Mencken's
> to work and do things as he pleased.              Declaration of
> Independence
>

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<div dir="ltr">That&#39;s a good change, thanks. Modified wording below.<div><br></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(80, 0, 80); ">&lt;t&gt;Records are unique by Type and Subtag: the registry MUST not<br>
contain two different records that have identical values for both Type<br>and Subtag. Thus requests to assign an additional record of a given<br>Type with an existing Subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the<br>variant subtag &#39;rozaj&#39; already exists in the registry, so adding a<br>
second record of type &#39;variant&#39; with the subtag &#39;rozaj&#39; is prohibited.<br>However, information &lt;i&gt;can&lt;/i&gt; be added to an existing record. For<br>example, the &#39;1994&#39; subtag variant record could have the prefix<br>
&#39;fr-CA&#39; added together with a description of usage for a French<br>Canadian spelling reform associated with the year 1994.&lt;/t&gt;<br><br>&lt;t&gt;Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have<br>
a single meaning across those prefixes. Variant subtags MAY<br>indicate an organization (including governments), such as &#39;ungegn&#39;,<br>&#39;usbgn&#39;, or &#39;cisgost&#39;. When applied to different prefixes, each would<br>
consistently refer to a variant as specified by that organization for<br>those prefixes. For example, &#39;ungegn&#39; could be defined as referring to<br>a transliteration for any given prefix as specified by the United<br>
Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN).&lt;/t&gt;<br><br>&lt;t&gt;Four digit subtags are reserved for indicating a year. Their<br>meaning is in reference to some significant specification or other<br>work associated with that year. It may have multiple prefixes: the<br>
particular specification for a given prefix MUST be clearly indicated<br>in one of the Descriptions.&lt;/t&gt;</span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; color: rgb(80, 0, 80);"><br clear="all">
</span>Mark<br>
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 3:50 PM, John Cowan <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<a href="mailto:mark@macchiato.com">mark@macchiato.com</a> scripsit:<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt; &lt;t&gt;Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have<br>
&gt; consistent semantics across those prefixes.<br>
<br>
</div>I&#39;d say &quot;a single meaning&quot; rather than &quot;consistent semantics&quot;.<br>
The hypothetical subtag &#39;western&#39; has consistent semantics (it means<br>
&quot;the western dialect of any language&quot;) but not a single meaning, for<br>
en-US-western has nothing to do with ko-western.<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
--<br>
He made the Legislature meet at one-horse &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; John Cowan<br>
tank-towns out in the alfalfa belt, so that &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a><br>
hardly nobody could get there and most of &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="http://www.ccil.org/~cowan" target="_blank">http://www.ccil.org/~cowan</a><br>
the leaders would stay home and let him go &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;--H.L. Mencken&#39;s<br>
to work and do things as he pleased. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Declaration of Independence<br>
</font></blockquote></div><br></div></div>

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>, "mark@macchiato.com" <mark@macchiato.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 07:29:47 -0700
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I agree with John and I do not support Mark's proposal. 

Mark: consider your own proposal to register 'hpin1958'. Would you be pleased if after you registered:

Type:variant
Subtag:hpin1958
Description: Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin Chinese

... somebody came along and added these descriptions to it:

Description: Pinyin romanization of Tibetan
Description: Tongyong romanization of Chinese
...

Or would that be a violation of "consistent semantics"? I think it is too hard to judge. Let's stick with semantic meaning.

Mark proposed this text:

<t>Records are unique by Type and Subtag: the registry MUST not

Ed.> MUST NOT

contain two different records that have identical values for both Type
and Subtag. Thus requests to assign an additional record of a given
Type with an existing Subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the
variant subtag 'rozaj' already exists in the registry, so adding a
second record of type 'variant' with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.

AP> I liked my original version better, since it is more succinct.

However, information <i>can</i> be added to an existing record. For
example, the '1994' subtag variant record could have the prefix
'fr-CA' added together with a description of usage for a French
Canadian spelling reform associated with the year 1994.</t>

AP> I don't care for this proposal for the reasons given above.


<t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have

Ed.> MUST have

consistent semantics across those prefixes. Variant subtags MAY

AP> "MAY" is too strong here. This text is more advisory than normative. I would suggest instead something like:

--
Requests for related variants might use a similar subtag format to visually indicate the relationship between them. For example, they might indicate an organization (such as a government or standards body). For example, 'ungegn' could be defined as referring to a transliteration for any given prefix as specified (etc..)
--

indicate an organization (including governments), such as 'ungegn',
'usbgn', or 'cisgost'. When applied to different prefixes, each would
consistently refer to a variant as specified by that organization for
those prefixes. For example, 'ungegn' could be defined as referring to
a transliteration for any given prefix as specified by the United
Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN).</t>

AP> Despite my proposal above, I think this is overkill. It suggests that some initial subtag sequences might acquire meaning that must be normatively enforced here and it doesn't solve a problem that is imminent. 


<t>Four digit subtags are reserved for indicating a year. Their
meaning is in reference to some significant specification or other
work associated with that year. It may have multiple prefixes: the
particular specification for a given prefix MUST be clearly indicated
in one of the Descriptions.</t>

AP> I think this is overkill. We don't have any examples of non-year four-digit registrations at present nor do we have to spell out that a year should pertain to some event, I think. The registration process ought to do something useful, such as screen requests for such things. Besides, apparently the current trend is to append four letters of garbage to years :-).

Addison


Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of John Cowan
> Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 6:50 AM
> To: mark@macchiato.com
> Cc: LTRU Working Group; Kent Karlsson
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
> 
> mark@macchiato.com scripsit:
> 
> > <t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have
> > consistent semantics across those prefixes.
> 
> I'd say "a single meaning" rather than "consistent semantics".
> The hypothetical subtag 'western' has consistent semantics (it
> means
> "the western dialect of any language") but not a single meaning,
> for
> en-US-western has nothing to do with ko-western.
> 
> --
> He made the Legislature meet at one-horse       John Cowan
> tank-towns out in the alfalfa belt, so that     cowan@ccil.org
> hardly nobody could get there and most of
> http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
> the leaders would stay home and let him go      --H.L. Mencken's
> to work and do things as he pleased.              Declaration of
> Independence
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>,
	Kent Karlsson <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Mark


On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 4:29 PM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>wrote:

> I agree with John and I do not support Mark's proposal.
>
> Mark: consider your own proposal to register 'hpin1958'. Would you be
> pleased if after you registered:
>
> Type:variant
> Subtag:hpin1958
> Description: Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin Chinese
>
> ... somebody came along and added these descriptions to it:
>
> Description: Pinyin romanization of Tibetan
> Description: Tongyong romanization of Chinese
> ...
>
> Or would that be a violation of "consistent semantics"? I think it is too
> hard to judge. Let's stick with semantic meaning.


As I said (but the threads got pretty convoluted), I could live with
'pinyin' being a broad term IF it were defined as a romanization specified
by the Chinese government, and would be happy to change my registration form
to reflect that. What I find bad is the various attempts to broaden pinyin
without tying it to a particular organization.


>
> Mark proposed this text:
>
> <t>Records are unique by Type and Subtag: the registry MUST not
>
> Ed.> MUST NOT

right.

>
>
> contain two different records that have identical values for both Type
> and Subtag. Thus requests to assign an additional record of a given
> Type with an existing Subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the
> variant subtag 'rozaj' already exists in the registry, so adding a
> second record of type 'variant' with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.
>
> AP> I liked my original version better, since it is more succinct.

I could live with your version.

>
>
> However, information <i>can</i> be added to an existing record. For
> example, the '1994' subtag variant record could have the prefix
> 'fr-CA' added together with a description of usage for a French
> Canadian spelling reform associated with the year 1994.</t>
>
> AP> I don't care for this proposal for the reasons given above.


I suppose we just disagree. Note that what I am writing is no more than
giving an example of what is allowed by the current text and specification.
We allow broadening of any term. And I would strongly disagree with any
change to the current wording that would disallow that.

I don't know why you don't like this. If there were a 1994 spelling reform
in France, I see nothing wrong with using fr-1994 - it is perfectly clear
what that it means some version of french associated with the year 1994 -
and if I want to find out more I look in the registry at the description. A
darned sight easier to understand than most of our subtags!

For another thing, we can't let any particular language "get dibs" on a year
- if we are going to use year numbers, then we have to be able to use them
for different languages.



>
>
>
> <t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have
>
> Ed.> MUST have

good

>
>
> consistent semantics across those prefixes. Variant subtags MAY
>
> AP> "MAY" is too strong here. This text is more advisory than normative. I
> would suggest instead something like:
>
> --
> Requests for related variants might use a similar subtag format to visually
> indicate the relationship between them. For example, they might indicate an
> organization (such as a government or standards body). For example, 'ungegn'
> could be defined as referring to a transliteration for any given prefix as
> specified (etc..)


This wording doesn't really work for me, but I agree about removing the MAY.
Let me try a rewording.


>
> --
>
> indicate an organization (including governments), such as 'ungegn',
> 'usbgn', or 'cisgost'. When applied to different prefixes, each would
> consistently refer to a variant as specified by that organization for
> those prefixes. For example, 'ungegn' could be defined as referring to
> a transliteration for any given prefix as specified by the United
> Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN).</t>
>
> AP> Despite my proposal above, I think this is overkill. It suggests that
> some initial subtag sequences might acquire meaning that must be normatively
> enforced here and it doesn't solve a problem that is imminent.


I think it actually is imminent. Pinyin / wadegile are just the tip of an
iceberg. We are working hard on romanizations, and there are dozens
associated with given organization. I would find it abhorent to artificially
distinguish subtags that are perfectly understandable as broad terms.


>
>
> <t>Four digit subtags are reserved for indicating a year. Their
> meaning is in reference to some significant specification or other
> work associated with that year. It may have multiple prefixes: the
> particular specification for a given prefix MUST be clearly indicated
> in one of the Descriptions.</t>
>
> AP> I think this is overkill. We don't have any examples of non-year
> four-digit registrations at present


That is why I want to spell out that they should always be used as years, if
they are used.


> nor do we have to spell out that a year should pertain to some event, I
> think. The registration process ought to do something useful, such as screen
> requests for such things. Besides, apparently the current trend is to append
> four letters of garbage to years :-).


No, it is to append four digits of garbage to words.


>
>
> Addison
>
>
> Addison Phillips
> Globalization Architect -- Lab126
>
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> > Behalf Of John Cowan
> > Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 6:50 AM
> > To: mark@macchiato.com
> > Cc: LTRU Working Group; Kent Karlsson
> > Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
> >
> > mark@macchiato.com scripsit:
> >
> > > <t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have
> > > consistent semantics across those prefixes.
> >
> > I'd say "a single meaning" rather than "consistent semantics".
> > The hypothetical subtag 'western' has consistent semantics (it
> > means
> > "the western dialect of any language") but not a single meaning,
> > for
> > en-US-western has nothing to do with ko-western.
> >
> > --
> > He made the Legislature meet at one-horse       John Cowan
> > tank-towns out in the alfalfa belt, so that     cowan@ccil.org
> > hardly nobody could get there and most of
> > http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
> > the leaders would stay home and let him go      --H.L. Mencken's
> > to work and do things as he pleased.              Declaration of
> > Independence
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>

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<div dir="ltr"><br clear="all">Mark<br>
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 4:29 PM, Phillips, Addison <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:addison@amazon.com">addison@amazon.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
I agree with John and I do not support Mark&#39;s proposal.<br>
<br>
Mark: consider your own proposal to register &#39;hpin1958&#39;. Would you be pleased if after you registered:<br>
<br>
Type:variant<br>
Subtag:hpin1958<br>
Description: Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin Chinese<br>
<br>
... somebody came along and added these descriptions to it:<br>
<br>
Description: Pinyin romanization of Tibetan<br>
Description: Tongyong romanization of Chinese<br>
...<br>
<br>
Or would that be a violation of &quot;consistent semantics&quot;? I think it is too hard to judge. Let&#39;s stick with semantic meaning.</blockquote><div><br></div><div>As I said (but the threads got pretty convoluted), I could live with &#39;pinyin&#39; being a broad term IF it were defined as a romanization specified by the Chinese government, and would be happy to change my registration form to reflect that. What I find bad is the various attempts to broaden pinyin without tying it to a particular organization.</div>
<div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><br>
<br>
Mark proposed this text:<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&lt;t&gt;Records are unique by Type and Subtag: the registry MUST not<br>
<br>
</div>Ed.&gt; MUST NOT</blockquote><div>right.&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
contain two different records that have identical values for both Type<br>
and Subtag. Thus requests to assign an additional record of a given<br>
Type with an existing Subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the<br>
variant subtag &#39;rozaj&#39; already exists in the registry, so adding a<br>
second record of type &#39;variant&#39; with the subtag &#39;rozaj&#39; is prohibited.<br>
<br>
</div>AP&gt; I liked my original version better, since it is more succinct.</blockquote><div>I could live with your version.&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
However, information &lt;i&gt;can&lt;/i&gt; be added to an existing record. For<br>
example, the &#39;1994&#39; subtag variant record could have the prefix<br>
&#39;fr-CA&#39; added together with a description of usage for a French<br>
Canadian spelling reform associated with the year 1994.&lt;/t&gt;<br>
<br>
</div>AP&gt; I don&#39;t care for this proposal for the reasons given above.</blockquote><div><br></div><div>I suppose we just disagree. Note that what I am writing is no more than giving an example of what is allowed by the current text and specification. We allow broadening of any term. And I would strongly disagree with any change to the current wording that would disallow that.</div>
<div><br></div><div>I don&#39;t know why you don&#39;t like this. If there were a 1994 spelling reform in France, I see nothing wrong with using fr-1994 - it is perfectly clear what that it means some version of french associated with the year 1994 - and if I want to find out more I look in the registry at the description. A darned sight easier to understand than most of our subtags!</div>
<div><br></div><div>For another thing, we can&#39;t let any particular language &quot;get dibs&quot; on a year - if we are going to use year numbers, then we have to be able to use them for different languages.</div><div>
<br></div><div>&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
&lt;t&gt;Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have<br>
<br>
</div>Ed.&gt; MUST have</blockquote><div>good&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><br>
<br>
consistent semantics across those prefixes. Variant subtags MAY<br>
<br>
AP&gt; &quot;MAY&quot; is too strong here. This text is more advisory than normative. I would suggest instead something like:<br>
<br>
--<br>
Requests for related variants might use a similar subtag format to visually indicate the relationship between them. For example, they might indicate an organization (such as a government or standards body). For example, &#39;ungegn&#39; could be defined as referring to a transliteration for any given prefix as specified (etc..)</blockquote>
<div><br></div><div>This wording doesn&#39;t really work for me, but I agree about removing the MAY. Let me try a rewording.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<br>
--<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
indicate an organization (including governments), such as &#39;ungegn&#39;,<br>
&#39;usbgn&#39;, or &#39;cisgost&#39;. When applied to different prefixes, each would<br>
consistently refer to a variant as specified by that organization for<br>
those prefixes. For example, &#39;ungegn&#39; could be defined as referring to<br>
a transliteration for any given prefix as specified by the United<br>
Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN).&lt;/t&gt;<br>
<br>
</div>AP&gt; Despite my proposal above, I think this is overkill. It suggests that some initial subtag sequences might acquire meaning that must be normatively enforced here and it doesn&#39;t solve a problem that is imminent.</blockquote>
<div><br></div><div>I think it actually is imminent. Pinyin / wadegile are just the tip of an iceberg. We are working hard on romanizations, and there are dozens associated with given organization. I would find it abhorent to artificially distinguish subtags that are perfectly understandable as broad terms.</div>
<div><br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
&lt;t&gt;Four digit subtags are reserved for indicating a year. Their<br>
meaning is in reference to some significant specification or other<br>
work associated with that year. It may have multiple prefixes: the<br>
particular specification for a given prefix MUST be clearly indicated<br>
in one of the Descriptions.&lt;/t&gt;<br>
<br>
</div>AP&gt; I think this is overkill. We don&#39;t have any examples of non-year four-digit registrations at present </blockquote><div><br></div><div>That is why I want to spell out that they should always be used as years, if they are used.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">nor do we have to spell out that a year should pertain to some event, I think. The registration process ought to do something useful, such as screen requests for such things. Besides, apparently the current trend is to append four letters of garbage to years :-).</blockquote>
<div><br></div><div>No, it is to append four digits of garbage to words.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><br>
<br>
Addison<br>
<br>
<br>
Addison Phillips<br>
Globalization Architect -- Lab126<br>
<br>
Internationalization is not a feature.<br>
It is an architecture.<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
&gt; -----Original Message-----<br>
&gt; From: <a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On<br>
</div><div class="Ih2E3d">&gt; Behalf Of John Cowan<br>
&gt; Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 6:50 AM<br>
&gt; To: <a href="mailto:mark@macchiato.com">mark@macchiato.com</a><br>
&gt; Cc: LTRU Working Group; Kent Karlsson<br>
&gt; Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags<br>
&gt;<br>
</div><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">&gt; <a href="mailto:mark@macchiato.com">mark@macchiato.com</a> scripsit:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; &lt;t&gt;Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have<br>
&gt; &gt; consistent semantics across those prefixes.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; I&#39;d say &quot;a single meaning&quot; rather than &quot;consistent semantics&quot;.<br>
&gt; The hypothetical subtag &#39;western&#39; has consistent semantics (it<br>
&gt; means<br>
&gt; &quot;the western dialect of any language&quot;) but not a single meaning,<br>
&gt; for<br>
&gt; en-US-western has nothing to do with ko-western.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; --<br>
&gt; He made the Legislature meet at one-horse &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; John Cowan<br>
&gt; tank-towns out in the alfalfa belt, so that &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org">cowan@ccil.org</a><br>
&gt; hardly nobody could get there and most of<br>
&gt; <a href="http://www.ccil.org/~cowan" target="_blank">http://www.ccil.org/~cowan</a><br>
&gt; the leaders would stay home and let him go &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;--H.L. Mencken&#39;s<br>
&gt; to work and do things as he pleased. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Declaration of<br>
&gt; Independence<br>
</div></div><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">&gt; _______________________________________________<br>
&gt; Ltru mailing list<br>
&gt; <a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
&gt; <a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div>

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Mark


On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 4:33 PM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>wrote:

>  Mark,
>
>
>
> That's now contradictory. You can't say:
>
>
>
> --
>
> However, information <i>can</i> be added to an existing record. For
>
> example, the '1994' subtag variant record could have the prefix
>
> 'fr-CA' added together with a description of usage for a French
>
> Canadian spelling reform associated with the year 1994.
>
> --
>
>
>
> And then say:
>
>
>
> --
>
> Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes MUST have
>
> a single meaning across those prefixes.
>

But I do think that they do have a single core meaning - a specification or
work associated with a year.

> --
>
>
>
> Clearly, "French Canadian spelling reform" and "1994 orthography of Resian
> Slovenian" are not the same meaning?!?
>
>
>
> '1994' is taken. The metaphorical Canadians will have to make due with
> something wacky like '1994qc'.
>

We can't have this situation. Languages can't claim years all for them
selves ;-). And yet any 4-digit sequence will be interpreted as a year. If
we are not going to give broad meaning to 4 digit sequences as years, then
we should just forbid any future registration of them as 4 digit sequences.

>
>
> Addison
>
>
>
> Addison Phillips
>
> Globalization Architect -- Lab126
>
>
>
> Internationalization is not a feature.
>
> It is an architecture.
>
>
>
> *From:* ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] *On Behalf Of
> *Mark Davis
> *Sent:* Thursday, October 02, 2008 7:23 AM
> *To:* John Cowan
> *Cc:* LTRU Working Group; Kent Karlsson
> *Subject:* Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
>
>
>
> That's a good change, thanks. Modified wording below.
>
>
>
> <t>Records are unique by Type and Subtag: the registry MUST not
> contain two different records that have identical values for both Type
> and Subtag. Thus requests to assign an additional record of a given
> Type with an existing Subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the
> variant subtag 'rozaj' already exists in the registry, so adding a
> second record of type 'variant' with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.
> However, information <i>can</i> be added to an existing record. For
> example, the '1994' subtag variant record could have the prefix
> 'fr-CA' added together with a description of usage for a French
> Canadian spelling reform associated with the year 1994.</t>
>
> <t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have
> a single meaning across those prefixes. Variant subtags MAY
> indicate an organization (including governments), such as 'ungegn',
> 'usbgn', or 'cisgost'. When applied to different prefixes, each would
> consistently refer to a variant as specified by that organization for
> those prefixes. For example, 'ungegn' could be defined as referring to
> a transliteration for any given prefix as specified by the United
> Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN).</t>
>
> <t>Four digit subtags are reserved for indicating a year. Their
> meaning is in reference to some significant specification or other
> work associated with that year. It may have multiple prefixes: the
> particular specification for a given prefix MUST be clearly indicated
> in one of the Descriptions.</t>
>
>
> Mark
>
>  On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 3:50 PM, John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org> wrote:
>
> mark@macchiato.com scripsit:
>
>
> > <t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have
> > consistent semantics across those prefixes.
>
> I'd say "a single meaning" rather than "consistent semantics".
> The hypothetical subtag 'western' has consistent semantics (it means
> "the western dialect of any language") but not a single meaning, for
> en-US-western has nothing to do with ko-western.
>
> --
> He made the Legislature meet at one-horse       John Cowan
> tank-towns out in the alfalfa belt, so that     cowan@ccil.org
> hardly nobody could get there and most of       http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
> the leaders would stay home and let him go      --H.L. Mencken's
> to work and do things as he pleased.              Declaration of
> Independence
>
>
>

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<div dir="ltr"><br clear="all">Mark<br>
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 4:33 PM, Phillips, Addison <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:addison@amazon.com">addison@amazon.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">









<div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple">

<div>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Mark,</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">That's now contradictory. You can't say:</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">--</span></p><div class="Ih2E3d">

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">However, information &lt;i&gt;can&lt;/i&gt; be added to an
existing record. For</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">example, the &#39;1994&#39; subtag variant record could have the prefix</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&#39;fr-CA&#39; added together with a description of usage for a French</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Canadian spelling reform associated with the year 1994.</span></p>

</div><p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">--</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">And then say:</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">--</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes MUST have</span></p><div class="Ih2E3d">

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">a single meaning across those prefixes.</span></p></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>But I do think that they do have a single core meaning - a specification or work associated with a year.&nbsp;</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><div class="Ih2E3d"><p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"></span></p>


</div><p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">--</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Clearly, "French Canadian spelling reform" and "1994 orthography
of Resian Slovenian" are not the same meaning?!?</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">'1994' is taken. The metaphorical Canadians will have to make
due with something wacky like '1994qc'.</span></p></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>We can&#39;t have this situation. Languages can&#39;t claim years all for them selves ;-). And yet any 4-digit sequence will be interpreted as a year. If we are not going to give broad meaning to 4 digit sequences as years, then we should just forbid any future registration of them as&nbsp;4 digit sequences.</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"></span></p><div class="Ih2E3d">


<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Addison</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#1F497D">Addison Phillips</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#1F497D">Globalization Architect -- Lab126</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#1F497D"></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#1F497D">Internationalization is not a feature.</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#1F497D">It is an architecture.</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

</div><div style="border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt">

<div>

<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">

<p><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">
<a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org" target="_blank">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org" target="_blank">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Mark
Davis<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 02, 2008 7:23 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> John Cowan<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<b>Cc:</b> LTRU Working Group; Kent Karlsson<br>
</div><div class="Ih2E3d"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags</div></span></p>

</div>

</div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<div>

<p>That&#39;s a good change, thanks. Modified wording below.</p><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<div>

<p><span><span style="color:#500050">&lt;t&gt;Records
are unique by Type and Subtag: the registry MUST not</span></span><span style="color:#500050"><br>
<span>contain two different records that have identical
values for both Type</span><br>
<span>and Subtag. Thus requests to assign an additional
record of a given</span><br>
<span>Type with an existing Subtag value MUST be
rejected. For example, the</span><br>
<span>variant subtag &#39;rozaj&#39; already exists in the
registry, so adding a</span><br>
<span>second record of type &#39;variant&#39; with the subtag
&#39;rozaj&#39; is prohibited.</span><br>
<span>However, information &lt;i&gt;can&lt;/i&gt; be
added to an existing record. For</span><br>
<span>example, the &#39;1994&#39; subtag variant record could
have the prefix</span><br>
<span>&#39;fr-CA&#39; added together with a description of usage
for a French</span><br>
<span>Canadian spelling reform associated with the year
1994.&lt;/t&gt;</span><br>
<br>
<span>&lt;t&gt;Variant subtags that are used with
multiple prefixes must have</span><br>
<span>a single meaning across those prefixes. Variant
subtags MAY</span><br>
<span>indicate an organization (including governments),
such as &#39;ungegn&#39;,</span><br>
<span>&#39;usbgn&#39;, or &#39;cisgost&#39;. When applied to different
prefixes, each would</span><br>
<span>consistently refer to a variant as specified by
that organization for</span><br>
<span>those prefixes. For example, &#39;ungegn&#39; could be
defined as referring to</span><br>
<span>a transliteration for any given prefix as
specified by the United</span><br>
<span>Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names
(UNGEGN).&lt;/t&gt;</span><br>
<br>
<span>&lt;t&gt;Four digit subtags are reserved for
indicating a year. Their</span><br>
<span>meaning is in reference to some significant
specification or other</span><br>
<span>work associated with that year. It may have
multiple prefixes: the</span><br>
<span>particular specification for a given prefix MUST
be clearly indicated</span><br>
<span>in one of the Descriptions.&lt;/t&gt;</span></span></p>

</div>

<div>

<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="color:#500050"><br clear="all">
</span>Mark<br>
<br>
</p>

<div>

<p>On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 3:50 PM, John Cowan &lt;<a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org" target="_blank">cowan@ccil.org</a>&gt; wrote:</p>

<p><a href="mailto:mark@macchiato.com" target="_blank">mark@macchiato.com</a>
scripsit:</p>

<div>

<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
&gt; &lt;t&gt;Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have<br>
&gt; consistent semantics across those prefixes.</p>

</div>

<p>I&#39;d say &quot;a single meaning&quot; rather than
&quot;consistent semantics&quot;.<br>
The hypothetical subtag &#39;western&#39; has consistent semantics (it means<br>
&quot;the western dialect of any language&quot;) but not a single meaning, for<br>
en-US-western has nothing to do with ko-western.<br>
<span style="color:#888888"><br>
--<br>
He made the Legislature meet at one-horse &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; John Cowan<br>
tank-towns out in the alfalfa belt, so that &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org" target="_blank">cowan@ccil.org</a><br>
hardly nobody could get there and most of &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="http://www.ccil.org/~cowan" target="_blank">http://www.ccil.org/~cowan</a><br>
the leaders would stay home and let him go &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;--H.L. Mencken&#39;s<br>
to work and do things as he pleased. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp;Declaration of Independence</span></p>

</div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

</div></div></div>

</div>

</div>

</div>


</blockquote></div><br></div>

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On Sun, Sep 28, 2008 at 09:22:02AM -0600,
 Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org> wrote 
 a message of 5 lines which said:

> I believe this draft is ready for WG Last Call.  I've updated my
> page at http://www.ewellic.org/rfc4645bis.html

I ran it through my implementation and I was not able to find any
mistake.
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Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 17:13:28 +0200
From: "Mark Davis" <mark@macchiato.com>
To: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>,
	Kent Karlsson <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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I
tried to go through and account for Addisons comments, and have the
following. (Also at
http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dfqr8rd5_216dbfzfkf5, so that it is
easier to update.)
I left in place two options for how to deal with years. I'd prefer A, but
could live with B.


<t>Records MUST be unique by Type and Subtag. Thus requests to assign
an additional record of a given Type with an existing Subtag value
MUST be rejected. For example, the variant subtag 'rozaj' already
exists in the registry, so adding a <i>second<i> record of type
'variant' with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.</t>

<t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes MUST have a
single core meaning across those prefixes. Such a core meaning may be
narrow, or may be broad. For example, it could refer to an
organization (including governments), and mean a variant as specified
by that organization for relevant prefixes.
Thus
'ungegn' could be defined as referring to a romanization for any given
prefix as specified by the United Nations Group of Experts on
Geographical Names (UNGEGN), and be thus productively used with
'ru-Latn',
'hi-Latn', 'zh-Latn', and others.</t>

Option A.

<t>Four digit subtags are specially reserved for indicating a year.
Their meaning is in reference to some significant specification or
other work associated with that year. It may have multiple prefixes:
the particular specification for a given prefix MUST be clearly
indicated in one of the Descriptions. For example, the '1994' subtag
variant record could have the prefix 'fr-CA' added together with a
description of usage for a French Canadian spelling reform associated
with the year 1994.</t>


Option B.

<t>Additional four digit variant subtags MUST NOT be registered.</t>

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Mark Davis <mark@macchiato.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 08:17:10 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>,
	Karlsson <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>, Kent@core3.amsl.com
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 17:28:42 +0200
From: "Mark Davis" <mark@macchiato.com>
To: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Actually no. What we want to do is register a small number of variant tags
that can be productively combined. For example, one subtag 'ungegn' applies
to some 47 languages that they have romanizations for. Registering each one
of these would be, of course, a nightmare, when a single variant tag would
suffice.
And I see no reason why 'ungegn' would be a problematic registration, and
somehow require an extension. It is just a way to express an orthography,
and we have many of those already. I'm just saying that we could provide
some guidance in the wording so that we don't get into interminable,
unproductive, case-by-case, brou-hahs in the languages group.

Mark


On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 5:09 PM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>wrote:

>  You're planning to register "dozens" of romanizations?
>
>
>
> I liked the idea of an extension for transcriptions much more than using
> variants. If it's just a few transcriptions, that's one thing. But we could
> fill the registry with various romanization schemes (and then there are
> other to-non-Latin script transliterations to consider). Ick.
>
>
>
> Addison
>
>
>
> Addison Phillips
>
> Globalization Architect -- Lab126
>
>
>
> Internationalization is not a feature.
>
> It is an architecture.
>
>
>
> *From:* mark.edward.davis@gmail.com [mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com] *On
> Behalf Of *Mark Davis
> *Sent:* Thursday, October 02, 2008 7:47 AM
> *To:* Phillips, Addison
> *Cc:* John Cowan; LTRU Working Group; Kent Karlsson
>
> *Subject:* Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
>
>
>
>
> Mark
>
>  On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 4:29 PM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>
> wrote:
>
> I agree with John and I do not support Mark's proposal.
>
> Mark: consider your own proposal to register 'hpin1958'. Would you be
> pleased if after you registered:
>
> Type:variant
> Subtag:hpin1958
> Description: Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin Chinese
>
> ... somebody came along and added these descriptions to it:
>
> Description: Pinyin romanization of Tibetan
> Description: Tongyong romanization of Chinese
> ...
>
> Or would that be a violation of "consistent semantics"? I think it is too
> hard to judge. Let's stick with semantic meaning.
>
>
>
> As I said (but the threads got pretty convoluted), I could live with
> 'pinyin' being a broad term IF it were defined as a romanization specified
> by the Chinese government, and would be happy to change my registration form
> to reflect that. What I find bad is the various attempts to broaden pinyin
> without tying it to a particular organization.
>
>
>
>
>
> Mark proposed this text:
>
>
> <t>Records are unique by Type and Subtag: the registry MUST not
>
> Ed.> MUST NOT
>
>  right.
>
>
>
>
> contain two different records that have identical values for both Type
> and Subtag. Thus requests to assign an additional record of a given
> Type with an existing Subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the
> variant subtag 'rozaj' already exists in the registry, so adding a
> second record of type 'variant' with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.
>
> AP> I liked my original version better, since it is more succinct.
>
>  I could live with your version.
>
>
>
>
> However, information <i>can</i> be added to an existing record. For
> example, the '1994' subtag variant record could have the prefix
> 'fr-CA' added together with a description of usage for a French
> Canadian spelling reform associated with the year 1994.</t>
>
> AP> I don't care for this proposal for the reasons given above.
>
>
>
> I suppose we just disagree. Note that what I am writing is no more than
> giving an example of what is allowed by the current text and specification.
> We allow broadening of any term. And I would strongly disagree with any
> change to the current wording that would disallow that.
>
>
>
> I don't know why you don't like this. If there were a 1994 spelling reform
> in France, I see nothing wrong with using fr-1994 - it is perfectly clear
> what that it means some version of french associated with the year 1994 -
> and if I want to find out more I look in the registry at the description. A
> darned sight easier to understand than most of our subtags!
>
>
>
> For another thing, we can't let any particular language "get dibs" on a
> year - if we are going to use year numbers, then we have to be able to use
> them for different languages.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> <t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have
>
> Ed.> MUST have
>
>  good
>
>
>
> consistent semantics across those prefixes. Variant subtags MAY
>
> AP> "MAY" is too strong here. This text is more advisory than normative. I
> would suggest instead something like:
>
> --
> Requests for related variants might use a similar subtag format to visually
> indicate the relationship between them. For example, they might indicate an
> organization (such as a government or standards body). For example, 'ungegn'
> could be defined as referring to a transliteration for any given prefix as
> specified (etc..)
>
>
>
> This wording doesn't really work for me, but I agree about removing the
> MAY. Let me try a rewording.
>
>
>
>
> --
>
>
> indicate an organization (including governments), such as 'ungegn',
> 'usbgn', or 'cisgost'. When applied to different prefixes, each would
> consistently refer to a variant as specified by that organization for
> those prefixes. For example, 'ungegn' could be defined as referring to
> a transliteration for any given prefix as specified by the United
> Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN).</t>
>
> AP> Despite my proposal above, I think this is overkill. It suggests that
> some initial subtag sequences might acquire meaning that must be normatively
> enforced here and it doesn't solve a problem that is imminent.
>
>
>
> I think it actually is imminent. Pinyin / wadegile are just the tip of an
> iceberg. We are working hard on romanizations, and there are dozens
> associated with given organization. I would find it abhorent to artificially
> distinguish subtags that are perfectly understandable as broad terms.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> <t>Four digit subtags are reserved for indicating a year. Their
> meaning is in reference to some significant specification or other
> work associated with that year. It may have multiple prefixes: the
> particular specification for a given prefix MUST be clearly indicated
> in one of the Descriptions.</t>
>
> AP> I think this is overkill. We don't have any examples of non-year
> four-digit registrations at present
>
>
>
> That is why I want to spell out that they should always be used as years,
> if they are used.
>
>
>
> nor do we have to spell out that a year should pertain to some event, I
> think. The registration process ought to do something useful, such as screen
> requests for such things. Besides, apparently the current trend is to append
> four letters of garbage to years :-).
>
>
>
> No, it is to append four digits of garbage to words.
>
>
>
>
>
> Addison
>
>
> Addison Phillips
> Globalization Architect -- Lab126
>
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
>
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
>
> > Behalf Of John Cowan
> > Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 6:50 AM
> > To: mark@macchiato.com
> > Cc: LTRU Working Group; Kent Karlsson
> > Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
> >
>
> > mark@macchiato.com scripsit:
> >
> > > <t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have
> > > consistent semantics across those prefixes.
> >
> > I'd say "a single meaning" rather than "consistent semantics".
> > The hypothetical subtag 'western' has consistent semantics (it
> > means
> > "the western dialect of any language") but not a single meaning,
> > for
> > en-US-western has nothing to do with ko-western.
> >
> > --
> > He made the Legislature meet at one-horse       John Cowan
> > tank-towns out in the alfalfa belt, so that     cowan@ccil.org
> > hardly nobody could get there and most of
> > http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
> > the leaders would stay home and let him go      --H.L. Mencken's
> > to work and do things as he pleased.              Declaration of
> > Independence
>
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ltru mailing list
> > Ltru@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>
>

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<div dir="ltr">Actually no. What we want to do is register a small number of variant tags that can be productively combined. For example, one subtag &#39;ungegn&#39; applies to some 47 languages that they have romanizations for. Registering each one of these would be, of course, a nightmare, when a single variant tag would suffice.<div>
<br></div><div>And I see no reason why &#39;ungegn&#39; would be a problematic registration, and somehow require an extension. It is just a way to express an orthography, and we have many of those already. I&#39;m just saying that we could provide some guidance in the wording so that we don&#39;t get into interminable, unproductive, case-by-case, brou-hahs in the languages group.</div>
<div><br><div>
































































































<div>Mark<br></div>
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 5:09 PM, Phillips, Addison <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:addison@amazon.com">addison@amazon.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">









<div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple">

<div>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">You're planning to register "dozens" of romanizations?</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">I liked the idea of an extension for transcriptions much more
than using variants. If it's just a few transcriptions, that's one thing. But
we could fill the registry with various romanization schemes (and then there
are other to-non-Latin script transliterations to consider). Ick.</span></p><div class="Ih2E3d">

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Addison</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#1F497D">Addison Phillips</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#1F497D">Globalization Architect -- Lab126</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#1F497D"></span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#1F497D">Internationalization is not a feature.</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#1F497D">It is an architecture.</span></p>

<p><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></p>

</div><div style="border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt">

<div>

<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">

<p><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">
<a href="mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com" target="_blank">mark.edward.davis@gmail.com</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:mark.edward.davis@gmail.com" target="_blank">mark.edward.davis@gmail.com</a>] <b>On Behalf
Of </b>Mark Davis<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, October 02, 2008 7:47 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Phillips, Addison<br>
<b>Cc:</b> John Cowan; LTRU Working Group; Kent Karlsson<div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c"><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags</div></div></span></p>

</div>

</div><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<div>

<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br clear="all">
Mark<br>
<br>
</p>

<div>

<p>On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 4:29 PM, Phillips, Addison &lt;<a href="mailto:addison@amazon.com" target="_blank">addison@amazon.com</a>&gt; wrote:</p>

<p>I agree with John and I do not support Mark&#39;s proposal.<br>
<br>
Mark: consider your own proposal to register &#39;hpin1958&#39;. Would you be pleased
if after you registered:<br>
<br>
Type:variant<br>
Subtag:hpin1958<br>
Description: Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin Chinese<br>
<br>
... somebody came along and added these descriptions to it:<br>
<br>
Description: Pinyin romanization of Tibetan<br>
Description: Tongyong romanization of Chinese<br>
...<br>
<br>
Or would that be a violation of &quot;consistent semantics&quot;? I think it is
too hard to judge. Let&#39;s stick with semantic meaning.</p>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>As I said (but the threads got pretty convoluted), I could
live with &#39;pinyin&#39; being a broad term IF it were defined as a romanization
specified by the Chinese government, and would be happy to change my
registration form to reflect that. What I find bad is the various attempts to
broaden pinyin without tying it to a particular organization.</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">

<p><br>
<br>
Mark proposed this text:</p>

<div>

<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
&lt;t&gt;Records are unique by Type and Subtag: the registry MUST not</p>

</div>

<p>Ed.&gt; MUST NOT</p>

</blockquote>

<div>

<p>right.&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<div>

<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
contain two different records that have identical values for both Type<br>
and Subtag. Thus requests to assign an additional record of a given<br>
Type with an existing Subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the<br>
variant subtag &#39;rozaj&#39; already exists in the registry, so adding a<br>
second record of type &#39;variant&#39; with the subtag &#39;rozaj&#39; is prohibited.</p>

</div>

<p>AP&gt; I liked my original version better, since it is more
succinct.</p>

</blockquote>

<div>

<p>I could live with your version.&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<div>

<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
However, information &lt;i&gt;can&lt;/i&gt; be added to an existing record. For<br>
example, the &#39;1994&#39; subtag variant record could have the prefix<br>
&#39;fr-CA&#39; added together with a description of usage for a French<br>
Canadian spelling reform associated with the year 1994.&lt;/t&gt;</p>

</div>

<p>AP&gt; I don&#39;t care for this proposal for the reasons given
above.</p>

</blockquote>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>I suppose we just disagree. Note that what I am writing is
no more than giving an example of what is allowed by the current text and
specification. We allow broadening of any term. And I would strongly disagree
with any change to the current wording that would disallow that.</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>I don&#39;t know why you don&#39;t like this. If there were a 1994
spelling reform in France, I see nothing wrong with using fr-1994 - it is
perfectly clear what that it means some version of french associated with the
year 1994 - and if I want to find out more I look in the registry at the
description. A darned sight easier to understand than most of our subtags!</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>For another thing, we can&#39;t let any particular language
&quot;get dibs&quot; on a year - if we are going to use year numbers, then we
have to be able to use them for different languages.</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<div>

<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
<br>
&lt;t&gt;Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must have</p>

</div>

<p>Ed.&gt; MUST have</p>

</blockquote>

<div>

<p>good&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">

<p><br>
<br>
consistent semantics across those prefixes. Variant subtags MAY<br>
<br>
AP&gt; &quot;MAY&quot; is too strong here. This text is more advisory than
normative. I would suggest instead something like:<br>
<br>
--<br>
Requests for related variants might use a similar subtag format to visually
indicate the relationship between them. For example, they might indicate an
organization (such as a government or standards body). For example, &#39;ungegn&#39;
could be defined as referring to a transliteration for any given prefix as
specified (etc..)</p>

</blockquote>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>This wording doesn&#39;t really work for me, but I agree about
removing the MAY. Let me try a rewording.</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">

<p><br>
--</p>

<div>

<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
indicate an organization (including governments), such as &#39;ungegn&#39;,<br>
&#39;usbgn&#39;, or &#39;cisgost&#39;. When applied to different prefixes, each would<br>
consistently refer to a variant as specified by that organization for<br>
those prefixes. For example, &#39;ungegn&#39; could be defined as referring to<br>
a transliteration for any given prefix as specified by the United<br>
Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (UNGEGN).&lt;/t&gt;</p>

</div>

<p>AP&gt; Despite my proposal above, I think this is overkill.
It suggests that some initial subtag sequences might acquire meaning that must
be normatively enforced here and it doesn&#39;t solve a problem that is imminent.</p>

</blockquote>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>I think it actually is imminent. Pinyin / wadegile are just
the tip of an iceberg. We are working hard on romanizations, and there are
dozens associated with given organization. I would find it abhorent to
artificially distinguish subtags that are perfectly understandable as broad
terms.</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<div>

<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><br>
<br>
&lt;t&gt;Four digit subtags are reserved for indicating a year. Their<br>
meaning is in reference to some significant specification or other<br>
work associated with that year. It may have multiple prefixes: the<br>
particular specification for a given prefix MUST be clearly indicated<br>
in one of the Descriptions.&lt;/t&gt;</p>

</div>

<p>AP&gt; I think this is overkill. We don&#39;t have any examples
of non-year four-digit registrations at present </p>

</blockquote>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>That is why I want to spell out that they should always be
used as years, if they are used.</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">

<p>nor do we have to spell out that a year should pertain to
some event, I think. The registration process ought to do something useful,
such as screen requests for such things. Besides, apparently the current trend
is to append four letters of garbage to years :-).</p>

</blockquote>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>No, it is to append four digits of garbage to words.</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">

<p><br>
<br>
Addison<br>
<br>
<br>
Addison Phillips<br>
Globalization Architect -- Lab126<br>
<br>
Internationalization is not a feature.<br>
It is an architecture.</p>

<div>

<p><br>
<br>
&gt; -----Original Message-----<br>
&gt; From: <a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org" target="_blank">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a>
[mailto:<a href="mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org" target="_blank">ltru-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On</p>

</div>

<div>

<p>&gt; Behalf Of John Cowan<br>
&gt; Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 6:50 AM<br>
&gt; To: <a href="mailto:mark@macchiato.com" target="_blank">mark@macchiato.com</a><br>
&gt; Cc: LTRU Working Group; Kent Karlsson<br>
&gt; Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags<br>
&gt;</p>

</div>

<div>

<div>

<p>&gt; <a href="mailto:mark@macchiato.com" target="_blank">mark@macchiato.com</a>
scripsit:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; &lt;t&gt;Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes must
have<br>
&gt; &gt; consistent semantics across those prefixes.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; I&#39;d say &quot;a single meaning&quot; rather than &quot;consistent semantics&quot;.<br>
&gt; The hypothetical subtag &#39;western&#39; has consistent semantics (it<br>
&gt; means<br>
&gt; &quot;the western dialect of any language&quot;) but not a single meaning,<br>
&gt; for<br>
&gt; en-US-western has nothing to do with ko-western.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; --<br>
&gt; He made the Legislature meet at one-horse &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; John Cowan<br>
&gt; tank-towns out in the alfalfa belt, so that &nbsp; &nbsp; <a href="mailto:cowan@ccil.org" target="_blank">cowan@ccil.org</a><br>
&gt; hardly nobody could get there and most of<br>
&gt; <a href="http://www.ccil.org/~cowan" target="_blank">http://www.ccil.org/~cowan</a><br>
&gt; the leaders would stay home and let him go &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;--H.L.
Mencken&#39;s<br>
&gt; to work and do things as he pleased. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
&nbsp; &nbsp;Declaration of<br>
&gt; Independence</p>

</div>

</div>

<div>

<div>

<p>&gt; _______________________________________________<br>
&gt; Ltru mailing list<br>
&gt; <a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org" target="_blank">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
&gt; <a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a></p>

</div>

</div>

</blockquote>

</div>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

</div>

</div></div></div>

</div>

</div>


</blockquote></div><br></div></div></div>

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Mark Davis <mark@macchiato.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 08:49:24 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 08:50:48 -0700
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My implementation is less complete that Stephane's, but the record-jar parser ran cleanly and the unit tests all ran, FWIW.

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Stephane Bortzmeyer
> Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 7:40 AM
> To: Doug Ewell
> Cc: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06
> 
> On Sun, Sep 28, 2008 at 09:22:02AM -0600,
>  Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org> wrote
>  a message of 5 lines which said:
> 
> > I believe this draft is ready for WG Last Call.  I've updated my
> > page at http://www.ewellic.org/rfc4645bis.html
> 
> I ran it through my implementation and I was not able to find any
> mistake.
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Martin Duerst 2008-10-02 03.00:

> At 08:25 08/10/02, Leif Halvard Silli wrote:

    [...]

>> While OTOH, using year for language reforms, is very
>> inviting.  It could encourage registration. Should that be
>> avoided?
> 
> This brings up the general issue of how we might be able to 
> shorten discussions about registrations with clearer
> guidelines. If you have any ideas on this, please tell us.

For this to work, then one must have the idea of universiality in 
mind during the registration process.

A very basic thing would be to create a prototypical text for use 
  with "language reform subtags". For example

	Offical or recognised language reform.

Then, if during the registration process, one see that the seeked 
variant registration meets the definition of "recognised language 
reform", then the registration should include that text.

The next step is to see if it also is possible to register a 
universal subtag - that is: A year subtag.

If the answer yes, then one either registers a new year or picks 
an allready registered one. If the answer is no, then one creates 
a new non-year subtag instead.

ISSUES:

1) Non-AD years: How about years from other eras? E.g. how about a 
year from the Islamic era for a possible reform of an Arabic 
language/dialect? I think in principle this should be OK.

2) I guess one should followthe pattern of the October revolution 
(which occurred in November, according to our Gregorian calendar). 
That is: One should pick the year associated wit the reform, and 
not the "correct", Gregorian year.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Oct  2 10:37:14 2008
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Hi -

As a technical contributor...

I'm deeply concerned that this thread is leading to a seriously
over-specified, over-engineered solution.  There are several
different concerns that folks appear to be trying to address,
and I'm afraid that the net effect of the proposals might be worse
than the envisioned problems.

(1) making "institution" mnemonics part of the formal structure
logically leads to the conclusion that there should be a registry of
institutions.  I really don't want to go there!

(2) the "same meaning" vs "same semantics" debate gets to the
heart of why I so strongly opposed using the same variant tag
for the Hanyu Pinyin orthography of Mandarin and a pinyin-like
way of writing Tibetan.  Our job is to define procedures to keep
the registry running smoothly so that language tagging needs
can be met.  How does each interpretation effect the operation
of the review process and registry?  How would each impact
the developer communities of products that employ language
tags?  Would either approach make any difference to the people
using those languages?

(3) With respect to the "year" business, at some point we have
to stop gilding this lily with more and more advice and recognize
that as more and more variant subtags are registered, it will
become increasingly likely that the character string used for
the variant will end up having little or no mnemonic value.  Tough.
It's unrealistic at this late stage in the process to come up with an
architecture for the construction of variant subtags.  Doing so
will only increases the amount of time spent arguing about
the "right" string to use for a particular variant.  THEY ARE JUST
SUBTAGS, and we should *NOT* do anything to foster the
perception that they are anything more.

Randy

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Mark Davis 2008-10-02 17.13:

> I  tried to go through and account for Addisons comments,

   [ snip ]

> <t>Variant subtags that are used with multiple prefixes MUST have a
> single core meaning across those prefixes. Such a core meaning may be
> narrow, or may be broad. For example, it could refer to an
> organization (including governments), and mean a variant as specified
> by that organization for relevant prefixes.
> Thus
> 'ungegn' could be defined as referring to a romanization for any given
> prefix as specified by the United Nations Group of Experts on
> Geographical Names (UNGEGN), and be thus productively used with
> 'ru-Latn',
> 'hi-Latn', 'zh-Latn', and others.</t>

You here use the word "romanization" - aka latinisation - instead 
of transcription. Can we rule out that UNGEGN will not specify 
e.g. Cyrillic transcriptions? (But if they should add Cyrillic 
transcriptions, then one could just add e.g. "en-Cyrl" to the list 
of prefixes.)

And what about "be-ungegn", which you in fact used as example in 
one of your previous messages? Also see my note about 
"supress-script" for variant tags below.

> Option A.
> 
> <t>Four digit subtags are specially reserved for indicating a year.
> Their meaning is in reference to some significant specification or
> other work associated with that year. It may have multiple prefixes:
> the particular specification for a given prefix MUST be clearly
> indicated in one of the Descriptions. For example, the '1994' subtag
> variant record could have the prefix 'fr-CA' added together with a
> description of usage for a French Canadian spelling reform associated
> with the year 1994.</t>


Good. ISSUE:  You take for granted that it is meant 
"fr-CA-latn-1994".  I would propose that variant subtag 
registrations should always be very spesific about which Region 
and Script they are valid for. For instance, the current 
registration of "1996" does not specify that it is a "de-DE" 
related norm. As if "de-CH-1996" would also be correct.

So, for example, for the subtag "1996", I propose that it should 
say that the prefix is not "de" but "de-DE-Latn":

Type: variant
Subtag: 1996
Description: Offical or recognised language reform associated with 
year 1996.
Prefix: de-DE-Latn
Prefix: uz-UZ-Latn
Prefix: be-Latn-ungegn

The taggers would then have to know the Suppress-Script rules in 
order to understand that in real life tagging, they ought to write 
"de-DE-1996" and not "de-DE-Latn-1996". And they would also have 
to know the rules in order to know that they can/should/could also 
often drop "DE" and just write "de-1996".

Just because a language subtag has (or hasn't) a Suppress-Script 
field, does not necessarily imply that the variant subtag has the 
same - or the same lack of - script association. Therefore I think 
that variant registration should be "hypercorrect" when they 
specify which Prefix the variant can be used with. But leave it to 
the taggers to drop unnecessary tags.

If one cannot use the Prefix field to do this, then one should 
invent a new field for this particular purpose. Perhaps a 
Relates-to field.

> Option B.
> 
> <t>Additional four digit variant subtags MUST NOT be registered.</t>

It would be hard to live with Option B.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Oct  2 12:57:25 2008
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Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 15:57:09 -0400
To: Gerard Meijssen <gerard.meijssen@gmail.com>
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Gerard Meijssen scripsit:

> I am considereing to request subtags for the Dutch language that reflect the
> different versions of the orthography as published in the "Groene boekje" a
> new version appears on average every 10 years. The last one was the one for
> 2006 and it replaced the 1996 orthography.

By all means, but take it to ietf-languages@iana.org; it's off-topic here.

-- 
John Cowan              cowan@ccil.org          http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Most people are much more ignorant about language than they are about
[other subjects], but they reckon that because they can talk and read and
write, their opinions about talking and reading and writing are as well
informed as anybody's.  And since I have DNA, I'm entitled to carry on at
length about genetics without bothering to learn anything about it.  Not.
                        --Mark Liberman
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From: "Broome, Karen" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>
To: Gerard Meijssen <gerard.meijssen@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 13:11:38 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Oct  2 14:19:36 2008
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From: "Randy Presuhn" <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Hi -

As co-chair...

> From: "Gerard Meijssen" <gerard.meijssen@gmail.com>
> To: "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>
> Cc: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 12:52 PM
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
>
> Hoi.
> I am considereing to request subtags for the Dutch language that reflect the
> different versions of the orthography as published in the "Groene boekje" a
> new version appears on average every 10 years. The last one was the one for
> 2006 and it replaced the 1996 orthography.
> 
> What i would like to know is what code would be appropriate?  To make it
> more interesting, there is also a "Witte boekje" it published a competing
> orthography for the Dutch language and was also published in 2006 (for the
> first time). As far as I am concerned any code would do, my personal
> preference is a code that has no meaning in and of itself.
...

While, as others have pointed out, how Dutch orthographic variants should
be registered is off-topic for this list, the technical point that Gerard
raises, that there may be competing orthographic reforms published in the
same year, as evidenced by the case of Dutch, *is* germane to this thread.

Randy

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Oct  2 14:40:34 2008
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Randy Presuhn 2008-10-02 23.20:

> Hi -
> 
> As co-chair...

   ( snipped info about Green/White book standards of 2006 for Dutch )

> While, as others have pointed out, how Dutch orthographic variants should
> be registered is off-topic for this list, the technical point that Gerard
> raises, that there may be competing orthographic reforms published in the
> same year, as evidenced by the case of Dutch, *is* germane to this thread.

The question is if such clashes is a valid point against reserving 
years for such registrations. I think not.

In this case, one book would have to have the "2006" and the other 
e.g. "2006w" or "2006g" - unless they both would like to avoid the 
bare "2006".
-- 
leif halvard silli
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Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 23:57:42 +0200
From: "Gerard Meijssen" <gerard.meijssen@gmail.com>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Hoi,
I do want to remind you all of the opinion expressed that it would not be a
good idea to include numbers in a code. So this means that codes like 2006g
would not be acceptable. If this is indeed the case, I am interested to
learn what code would be acceptable. From a technical perspective the code
"qwerty" would function as well... Again, I prefer not to read any meaning
in a code.

In answer to Karen, when a spell checker that conforms to a specific
standard finishes to check a document, the document complies with that
standard. For people interested in corpus analysis, it makes a difference to
know that a document is to be expected to comply with a specific standard.
At the end of such a spell check, it can be safely said that the document
can be determined to be in compliance with such a standard.
Thanks,
      Gerard

On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 11:40 PM, Leif Halvard Silli <lhs@malform.no> wrote:

> Randy Presuhn 2008-10-02 23.20:
>
>  Hi -
>>
>> As co-chair...
>>
>
>  ( snipped info about Green/White book standards of 2006 for Dutch )
>
>  While, as others have pointed out, how Dutch orthographic variants should
>> be registered is off-topic for this list, the technical point that Gerard
>> raises, that there may be competing orthographic reforms published in the
>> same year, as evidenced by the case of Dutch, *is* germane to this thread.
>>
>
> The question is if such clashes is a valid point against reserving years
> for such registrations. I think not.
>
> In this case, one book would have to have the "2006" and the other e.g.
> "2006w" or "2006g" - unless they both would like to avoid the bare "2006".
> --
> leif halvard silli
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>

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<div dir="ltr">Hoi,<br>I do want to remind you all of the opinion expressed that it would not be a good idea to include numbers in a code. So this means that codes like 2006g would not be acceptable. If this is indeed the case, I am interested to learn what code would be acceptable. From a technical perspective the code &quot;qwerty&quot; would function as well... Again, I prefer not to read any meaning in a code.<br>
<br>In answer to Karen, when a spell checker that conforms to a specific standard finishes to check a document, the document complies with that standard. For people interested in corpus analysis, it makes a difference to know that a document is to be expected to comply with a specific standard. At the end of such a spell check, it can be safely said that the document can be determined to be in compliance with such a standard.<br>
Thanks,<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gerard<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Oct 2, 2008 at 11:40 PM, Leif Halvard Silli <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:lhs@malform.no">lhs@malform.no</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
Randy Presuhn 2008-10-02 23.20:<br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
Hi -<br>
<br>
As co-chair...<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
 &nbsp;( snipped info about Green/White book standards of 2006 for Dutch )<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
While, as others have pointed out, how Dutch orthographic variants should<br>
be registered is off-topic for this list, the technical point that Gerard<br>
raises, that there may be competing orthographic reforms published in the<br>
same year, as evidenced by the case of Dutch, *is* germane to this thread.<br>
</blockquote>
<br></div>
The question is if such clashes is a valid point against reserving years for such registrations. I think not.<br>
<br>
In this case, one book would have to have the &quot;2006&quot; and the other e.g. &quot;2006w&quot; or &quot;2006g&quot; - unless they both would like to avoid the bare &quot;2006&quot;.<br>
-- <br><font color="#888888">
leif halvard silli</font><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c"><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
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</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div>

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Leif Halvard Silli <lhs@malform.no>, Mark Davis <mark@macchiato.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 15:58:37 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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> 
> You here use the word "romanization" - aka latinisation - instead
> of transcription. Can we rule out that UNGEGN will not specify
> e.g. Cyrillic transcriptions? (But if they should add Cyrillic
> transcriptions, then one could just add e.g. "en-Cyrl" to the list
> of prefixes.)

Mark is talking about a generic variant: one with no prefixes at all.

> 
> And what about "be-ungegn", which you in fact used as example in
> one of your previous messages? Also see my note about
> "supress-script" for variant tags below.

Suppress-Script for variants is not permitted and should not be permitted, IMO. It is an unnecessary change. Furthermore, the ietf-languages list has gone the other way and suggested that script subtags SHOULD be used with a variant representing a transliteration.

> 
> 
> Good. ISSUE:  You take for granted that it is meant
> "fr-CA-latn-1994".  I would propose that variant subtag

NB> The script always precedes the region. "fr-Latn-CA-1994"

> registrations should always be very spesific about which Region
> and Script they are valid for. For instance, the current
> registration of "1996" does not specify that it is a "de-DE"
> related norm. As if "de-CH-1996" would also be correct.

Others have pointed out the fallacy in this example, which does not invalidate the point. Registrations SHOULD be specific about script or region or even variant (in addition to language) when they are actually confined to a specific usages. See, for example, the registry record for '1994'.

> 
> The taggers would then have to know the Suppress-Script rules in
> order to understand that in real life tagging, they ought to write
> "de-DE-1996" and not "de-DE-Latn-1996". And they would also have

Uh... taggers already need to know when to use subtags. They are specifically advised not to use scripts unless it adds something to the tag, a specific example of the more general advisory not to use subtags that add nothing to the overall tag. Most German applications are actually fine with "de". In some cases "de-DE" or "de-DE-1996" are appropriate. Rarely "de-Latn-DE-1996" is appropriate---probably when the German in question is also rendered with other scripts in the same document/collection.

> to know the rules in order to know that they can/should/could also
> often drop "DE" and just write "de-1996".

RTFRFC.

> 
> Just because a language subtag has (or hasn't) a Suppress-Script
> field, does not necessarily imply that the variant subtag has the
> same - or the same lack of - script association. Therefore I think

Yes it does. Note that transliteration variants, such as 'wadegile', have a Prefix (zh-Latn, in that case) to convey the fact that the script is needed. Although 'zh' does not suppress a script, the same thing can be said of (for example) romanizations of other languages. "be" requires no script and suppresses "Cyrl", but "be-Latn-ungegn" would probably be a good choice if 'ungegn' were a valid subtag representing a Latin transcription scheme.

> 
> If one cannot use the Prefix field to do this, then one should
> invent a new field for this particular purpose. Perhaps a
> Relates-to field.

I think this is overkill. At some point we have to let the LSR register subtags and at some point we have to let people tag stuff. It is difficult enough--and maybe too difficult--for people to understand the information there today.

Addison
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Phillips, Addison 2008-10-03 00.58:

>> You here use the word "romanization" - aka latinisation -
>> instead of transcription. Can we rule out that UNGEGN will
>> not specify e.g. Cyrillic transcriptions? (But if they should
>> add Cyrillic transcriptions, then one could just add e.g.
>> "en-Cyrl" to the list of prefixes.)
> 
> Mark is talking about a generic variant: one with no prefixes
> at all.


Mark said: 'ungegn' [...]  productively used with 'ru-Latn' [...]
But in an earlier message he said:

Type: variant
Subtag: 2003       [ snip ]
Prefix: be-ungegn

I think Prefix: be-Latn-ungegn would have be more consistent.

> Others have pointed out the fallacy in this example, which does
> not invalidate the point. Registrations SHOULD be specific
> about script or region or even variant (in addition to
> language) when they are actually confined to a specific usages.
> See, for example, the registry record for '1994'.


It is interesting to compare the prefixes allowed for "1996",

	Prefix: de

to those allowed for "1994":

	Prefix: sl-rozaj
	Prefix: sl-rozaj-biske
	Prefix: sl-rozaj-njiva
	Prefix: sl-rozaj-osojs
	Prefix: sl-rozaj-solba

Allthough "sl-rozaj-lipaw" is not listed, since "sl-rozaj" is 
listed, how can we know that "sl-rozaj-lipaw-1994" is not 
permitted?  The only answer is: by applying the logic that the 
Prefix fields list *all* the possible "minimum prefixes".

But then, following the same logic, it should also be possible to 
write "de-NO-1996". In other words, I think the 1996 registration 
should have listed these "minimum prefixes":

	Prefix: de
	Prefix: de-DE
	Prefix: de-AT
	Prefix: de-CH
	Prefix: de-LI

Only then would "1996" and "1994" appear to follow the same rules.

"1996" and "1994" have much in common: I don't think that 1996 
lays down one 100% identical norm for all 4 country norms. Just as 
for the 1994 norm, 1996 has room for some region/location spesific 
variants. And, just as for the Lipovaz/lipaw dialect of Resian, 
there are some locations (Luxemburg/"LU") which was not formally 
covered by the reform.

Hence one should think that "de-LU-1996" would be wrong, just as 
"de-NO-1996" would be.

>> The taggers would then have to know the Suppress-Script rules
>> in order to understand that in real life tagging, they ought
>> to write "de-DE-1996" and not "de-DE-Latn-1996". And they
>> would also have
> 
> Uh... taggers already need to know when to use subtags. They
> are specifically advised not to use scripts unless it adds
> something to the tag,


Right. My proposal was not to change that advisory.

> a specific example of the more general
> advisory not to use subtags that add nothing to the overall
> tag. Most German applications are actually fine with "de". In
> some cases "de-DE" or "de-DE-1996" are appropriate. Rarely
> "de-Latn-DE-1996" is appropriate---probably when the German in
> question is also rendered with other scripts in the same
> document/collection.
>

>> to know the rules in order to know that they can/should/could
>> also often drop "DE" and just write "de-1996".
> 
> RTFRFC.

Of course. However, in order to know that the 1996 norm applies to 
  the German as used in the regions "DE", "CH", "AT" and "LI", one 
must read Wikipedia - not the RFC.

>> Just because a language subtag has (or hasn't) a
>> Suppress-Script field, does not necessarily imply that the
>> variant subtag has the same - or the same lack of - script
>> association. Therefore I think
> 
> Yes it does. 


OK. But there are some language subtags for which there aren't a 
suppress-script field. E.g. Turkmen language. So, for the 
hypothetical 2008 reform of the Turkmen langauge, one would have 
to include "Latn" as part of the prefix in order to make clear 
what the reform relates to:

	Prefix: tk-latn

The question then is: How do you discern this from the 
transliteration variants you discuss below, where the "latn" is an 
*required* prefix (which it probably should not be for "tk")?

Possible answer: in order to allow tk-1998, yet at the same time 
make clear in the registry that it relates to Turkmen of Latin 
script of Turkmenistan, the follwoing prefixes would have to be 
listed - in order to list all "minium prefix" variants:

	Prefix: tk
	Prefix: tk-latn
	Prefix: tk-TM

This would rule out adding "1998" to any other region subtags than 
-TM or to any other script subtag than -latn.

> Note that transliteration variants, such as
> 'wadegile', have a Prefix (zh-Latn, in that case) to convey the
> fact that the script is needed. Although 'zh' does not suppress
> a script, the same thing can be said of (for example)
> romanizations of other languages. "be" requires no script and
> suppresses "Cyrl", but "be-Latn-ungegn" would probably be a
> good choice if 'ungegn' were a valid subtag representing a
> Latin transcription scheme.


OK. So the current tradition is that the Prefix field lists the 
*minimum prefix* that must be present before the variant subtag in 
question can be used.

>> If one cannot use the Prefix field to do this, then one
>> should invent a new field for this particular purpose.
>> Perhaps a Relates-to field.
> 
> I think this is overkill. At some point we have to let the LSR
> register subtags and at some point we have to let people tag
> stuff. It is difficult enough--and maybe too difficult--for
> people to understand the information there today.


I agree. But then we must commit overkill by adding more prefix 
fields instead, I think, such as I proposed for Turkmen above.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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Doug Ewell 2008-10-03 04.31:
   [...]

> The finer-grained our language tagging solutions become, such as 
> "no-1907" versus "no-1917", the less likely it is that all of these use 
> cases will be met.


The disadvantages are also the advantages: You don't want 
"nn-1907" to be spelling checked like current "nn", so it may be 
fine if the computer does not try to spell-check "nn-1917". 
(Perhaps the alternative would be to "un-tag", or use an incorrect 
tag for texts following the 1917 norm, in order to avoid such 
spell-checking.)

OTOH, a variant can sometimes come in place for a new language 
subtag - and thus can keep things together rather than be 
splitting. E.g. I understand that some prefer Resian to be 
registered as its own language. So this hints that variant subtags 
can also simplify and join rather than complicate and split.

   [...]

> So before we assume that we'll eventually have lots of 1917's and 1959's 
> and 1994's colliding with each other, and need to make sure all of them 
> can coexist, we might want to think about whether these are distinctions 
> that need to be made in language tags.


The alterantive will often be x-private subtags, I think. And they 
are even harder to get computers or people to handle.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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To: Leif Halvard Silli <lhs@malform.no>
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	Kent Karlsson <kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Leif Halvard Silli scripsit:

> It is interesting to compare the prefixes allowed for "1996",
> 
> 	Prefix: de
> 
> to those allowed for "1994":
> 
> 	Prefix: sl-rozaj
> 	Prefix: sl-rozaj-biske
> 	Prefix: sl-rozaj-njiva
> 	Prefix: sl-rozaj-osojs
> 	Prefix: sl-rozaj-solba

Not *allowed*, but *recommended*.  The first means that we say you SHOULD use 'de'
(and implicitly, SHOULD NOT use any other primary language subtag) with '1996'.
The second group means that you SHOULD use 'sl', AND you SHOULD use 'rozaj',
AD you should use either one of the four variant tags or no variant tag,
before you use '1994'.

> Allthough "sl-rozaj-lipaw" is not listed, since "sl-rozaj" is 
> listed, how can we know that "sl-rozaj-lipaw-1994" is not 
> permitted?  

But it *is* permitted.  The Prefix: on a subtag is only what's recommended.

-- 
John Cowan   cowan@ccil.org  http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Most languages are dramatically underdescribed, and at least one is
dramatically overdescribed.  Still other languages are simultaneously
overdescribed and underdescribed.  Welsh pertains to the third category.
        --Alan King
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 22:53:27 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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You lot are generating a lot of mail on a last call topic. I hope that we are moving toward stability of the draft, not trying to rush in new features at the last minute.

Martin wrote:

> I hope we can restrict this to the a very short time.
> Everybody, please comment quickly...

I agree with those who say we should not allow two records having the same subtag and the same type.

I agree with the sentiment that a subtag should have a consistent semantic. Years are relatively easy cases as the concept of 'point in time at which some significant change in conventions occurred' is pretty straightforward. (Someone mentioned the possibility of two changes happening for a given language in a given year -- that just means that, in that case, more than four-digit subtag is needed.) Beyond that, there'd be a need to be wary of the kind of fuzziness Randy fears. A case like "northern" is a clear example of a problematic case: there is a trivial sense in which "northern" would always have a consistent semantic, but that would be a vague trap that would snare us unless there were some way to make exactly clear what specific semantic is meant for each collocation.

This reminds me of issues in lexicography, in which a word form may correspond to distinct lexemes (distinct meanings), or in which a single lexeme can have multiple senses: in either case, a hierarchical organization of information is typically used to show how information is related. So, instead of

> Type: variant
> Subtag: 1901
> Description: German orthography of 1901
> Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901
> Prefix: de
> Prefix: uz
> Comments: Good luck figuring this out.

something along the lines of

Type: variant
Subtag: 1901
Sense:
   Description: German orthography of 1901
   Prefix: de
   Reference: ...
Sense:
   Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901
   Prefix: uz
   Reference: ...

Some said that the first record above seems reasonably clear; I concede that -- in this case; but in the general case I think there are real risks of introducing ambiguity and lack of clarity into records.

But the kind of approach in the second record above would require a lot more change than I think should be introduced at this stage. I think it very important to limit ourselves to a useful change that we can get quick closure on. To that end, I suggest

- that we have a requirement on one record per subtag-type,
- that at this point we not block records like the first one above
- that there be a general requirement on a consistent semantic for all uses of a subtag
- that there be some general cautions about risks of confusion if the intent for each particular collocation is unclear

And beyond that, that for now we leave it to the IETF-Language list and LSTR to do the right thing -- so that we in LTRU can do the right thing for us at this point, which is to close on this discussion and on the WGLC.




Peter
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Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2008 07:59:24 +0200
From: "Mark Davis" <mark@macchiato.com>
To: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
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I think we might be in rough agreement. Can you suggest changes in the
wording in http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dfqr8rd5_216dbfzfkf5?
Mark


On Fri, Oct 3, 2008 at 7:53 AM, Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>wrote:

> You lot are generating a lot of mail on a last call topic. I hope that we
> are moving toward stability of the draft, not trying to rush in new features
> at the last minute.
>
> Martin wrote:
>
> > I hope we can restrict this to the a very short time.
> > Everybody, please comment quickly...
>
> I agree with those who say we should not allow two records having the same
> subtag and the same type.
>
> I agree with the sentiment that a subtag should have a consistent semantic.
> Years are relatively easy cases as the concept of 'point in time at which
> some significant change in conventions occurred' is pretty straightforward.
> (Someone mentioned the possibility of two changes happening for a given
> language in a given year -- that just means that, in that case, more than
> four-digit subtag is needed.) Beyond that, there'd be a need to be wary of
> the kind of fuzziness Randy fears. A case like "northern" is a clear example
> of a problematic case: there is a trivial sense in which "northern" would
> always have a consistent semantic, but that would be a vague trap that would
> snare us unless there were some way to make exactly clear what specific
> semantic is meant for each collocation.
>
> This reminds me of issues in lexicography, in which a word form may
> correspond to distinct lexemes (distinct meanings), or in which a single
> lexeme can have multiple senses: in either case, a hierarchical organization
> of information is typically used to show how information is related. So,
> instead of
>
> > Type: variant
> > Subtag: 1901
> > Description: German orthography of 1901
> > Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901
> > Prefix: de
> > Prefix: uz
> > Comments: Good luck figuring this out.
>
> something along the lines of
>
> Type: variant
> Subtag: 1901
> Sense:
>   Description: German orthography of 1901
>   Prefix: de
>   Reference: ...
> Sense:
>   Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901
>   Prefix: uz
>   Reference: ...
>
> Some said that the first record above seems reasonably clear; I concede
> that -- in this case; but in the general case I think there are real risks
> of introducing ambiguity and lack of clarity into records.
>
> But the kind of approach in the second record above would require a lot
> more change than I think should be introduced at this stage. I think it very
> important to limit ourselves to a useful change that we can get quick
> closure on. To that end, I suggest
>
> - that we have a requirement on one record per subtag-type,
> - that at this point we not block records like the first one above
> - that there be a general requirement on a consistent semantic for all uses
> of a subtag
> - that there be some general cautions about risks of confusion if the
> intent for each particular collocation is unclear
>
> And beyond that, that for now we leave it to the IETF-Language list and
> LSTR to do the right thing -- so that we in LTRU can do the right thing for
> us at this point, which is to close on this discussion and on the WGLC.
>
>
>
>
> Peter
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>

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<div dir="ltr">I think we might be in rough agreement. Can you suggest changes in the wording in<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; ">&nbsp;<a href="http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dfqr8rd5_216dbfzfkf5" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 204); ">http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dfqr8rd5_216dbfzfkf5</a>?</span><div>
<br></div><div>Mark<br>
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Oct 3, 2008 at 7:53 AM, Peter Constable <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:petercon@microsoft.com">petercon@microsoft.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
You lot are generating a lot of mail on a last call topic. I hope that we are moving toward stability of the draft, not trying to rush in new features at the last minute.<br>
<br>
Martin wrote:<br>
<br>
&gt; I hope we can restrict this to the a very short time.<br>
&gt; Everybody, please comment quickly...<br>
<br>
I agree with those who say we should not allow two records having the same subtag and the same type.<br>
<br>
I agree with the sentiment that a subtag should have a consistent semantic. Years are relatively easy cases as the concept of &#39;point in time at which some significant change in conventions occurred&#39; is pretty straightforward. (Someone mentioned the possibility of two changes happening for a given language in a given year -- that just means that, in that case, more than four-digit subtag is needed.) Beyond that, there&#39;d be a need to be wary of the kind of fuzziness Randy fears. A case like &quot;northern&quot; is a clear example of a problematic case: there is a trivial sense in which &quot;northern&quot; would always have a consistent semantic, but that would be a vague trap that would snare us unless there were some way to make exactly clear what specific semantic is meant for each collocation.<br>

<br>
This reminds me of issues in lexicography, in which a word form may correspond to distinct lexemes (distinct meanings), or in which a single lexeme can have multiple senses: in either case, a hierarchical organization of information is typically used to show how information is related. So, instead of<br>

<br>
&gt; Type: variant<br>
&gt; Subtag: 1901<br>
&gt; Description: German orthography of 1901<br>
&gt; Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901<br>
&gt; Prefix: de<br>
&gt; Prefix: uz<br>
&gt; Comments: Good luck figuring this out.<br>
<br>
something along the lines of<br>
<br>
Type: variant<br>
Subtag: 1901<br>
Sense:<br>
 &nbsp; Description: German orthography of 1901<br>
 &nbsp; Prefix: de<br>
 &nbsp; Reference: ...<br>
Sense:<br>
 &nbsp; Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901<br>
 &nbsp; Prefix: uz<br>
 &nbsp; Reference: ...<br>
<br>
Some said that the first record above seems reasonably clear; I concede that -- in this case; but in the general case I think there are real risks of introducing ambiguity and lack of clarity into records.<br>
<br>
But the kind of approach in the second record above would require a lot more change than I think should be introduced at this stage. I think it very important to limit ourselves to a useful change that we can get quick closure on. To that end, I suggest<br>

<br>
- that we have a requirement on one record per subtag-type,<br>
- that at this point we not block records like the first one above<br>
- that there be a general requirement on a consistent semantic for all uses of a subtag<br>
- that there be some general cautions about risks of confusion if the intent for each particular collocation is unclear<br>
<br>
And beyond that, that for now we leave it to the IETF-Language list and LSTR to do the right thing -- so that we in LTRU can do the right thing for us at this point, which is to close on this discussion and on the WGLC.<br>

<font color="#888888"><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Peter<br>
</font><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c">_______________________________________________<br>
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</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div>

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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John Cowan 2008-10-03 07.33:

> Leif Halvard Silli scripsit:
> 
>> It is interesting to compare the prefixes allowed for "1996",
>> 
>> 	Prefix: de


    [ snip ]


> Not *allowed*, but *recommended*.  The first means that we say you SHOULD use 'de'
> (and implicitly, SHOULD NOT use any other primary language subtag) with '1996'.


But the question still is why the registry does not say which 
regions tags "1996" is recommended used for.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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+1

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Randy Presuhn
Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 10:37 AM
To: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags

Hi -

As a technical contributor...

I'm deeply concerned that this thread is leading to a seriously
over-specified, over-engineered solution.  There are several
different concerns that folks appear to be trying to address,
and I'm afraid that the net effect of the proposals might be worse
than the envisioned problems.

(1) making "institution" mnemonics part of the formal structure
logically leads to the conclusion that there should be a registry of
institutions.  I really don't want to go there!

(2) the "same meaning" vs "same semantics" debate gets to the
heart of why I so strongly opposed using the same variant tag
for the Hanyu Pinyin orthography of Mandarin and a pinyin-like
way of writing Tibetan.  Our job is to define procedures to keep
the registry running smoothly so that language tagging needs
can be met.  How does each interpretation effect the operation
of the review process and registry?  How would each impact
the developer communities of products that employ language
tags?  Would either approach make any difference to the people
using those languages?

(3) With respect to the "year" business, at some point we have
to stop gilding this lily with more and more advice and recognize
that as more and more variant subtags are registered, it will
become increasingly likely that the character string used for
the variant will end up having little or no mnemonic value.  Tough.
It's unrealistic at this late stage in the process to come up with an
architecture for the construction of variant subtags.  Doing so
will only increases the amount of time spent arguing about
the "right" string to use for a particular variant.  THEY ARE JUST
SUBTAGS, and we should *NOT* do anything to foster the
perception that they are anything more.

Randy

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Dear All,

0-Let me suggest that we should adopt a precise, uniform and recognized ter=
minology when discussing about transformations between languages and/or scr=
ipts.
So, I reproduce thereafter 8 definitions that have been given by the UNGEGN=
 (United Nations Group of Experts for Geographical Names) inside their Manu=
al M 85, published by the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Sta=
tistical Division, in May 2002, entitled "Glossary of Terms for the Standar=
dization of Geographic Names".
All definitions are given in the 6 official UN's languages, and I only repr=
oduce the english linguistic version.

1-TRANSFORMATION [, names]: [In toponymy,] general term covering the TRANSL=
ATION, TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLITERATION [of toponyms]. The two latter term=
s constitute CONVERSION.

2-TRANSLATION: (a) The process of expressing meaning, presented in a source=
 LANGUAGE, in the words of a target LANGUAGE.
                           (b) A result of this process. [In toponymy it is=
 sometimes applied only to the generic element of a name.]

3-CONVERSION: [In toponymy,] the process of transferring the phonological a=
nd/or morphological elements of a particular LANGUAGE to another, or from o=
ne SCRIPT to another. Conversion is effected by either TRANSCRIPTION or TRA=
NSLITERATION.

4-TRANSCRIPTION: (a) A method of phonetic names CONVERSION between differen=
t LANGUAGES, in which the sounds of a source LANGUAGE are recorded in terms=
 of a specific target LANGUAGE and its particular SCRIPT, normally withou r=
ecourse to additional diacritics.
                              (b) A result of this process.
 TRANSCRIPTION is not normally a reversible process. Retranscription (e.g. =
by computer) might result in a form differing from the original.
 However, pinyin romanization of Chinese, although being a CONVERSION betwe=
en SCRIPTS, but phonetic and non-reversible, is also regarded as TRANSCRIPT=
ION, not as TRANSLITERATION.

5-TRANSLITERATION: (a) A method of names CONVERSION between different alpha=
betic SCRIPTS or syllabic SCRIPTS, in which each character or di-, tri- or =
tetragraph of the source SCRIPT is represented in the target SCRIPT in prin=
ciple by one character or di-, tri- or tetragraph, or a diacritic or a comb=
ination of these. TRANSLITERATION, as distinct from TRANSCRIPTION, aims at =
(but does not necessarily achieve) complete reversibility, and must be acco=
mpanied by a transliteration key.
                                  (b) A result of this process.

6-ROMANIZATION: CONVERSION from non-Roman into Roman SCRIPT.


7-LANGUAGE:  [In the context of this glossary,] a means of verbal communica=
tion used by a large community, including the words, their pronunciation an=
d the method of combining them.

8-SCRIPT: A set of graphic symbols employed in writig or printing a particu=
lar LANGUAGE, differing from another set not only by typeface or font.
Groups of different SCRIPTS form writing systems.
Examples: Roman, Greek, Cyrillic, Korean, Thai, arabic and Hebrew SCRIPTS b=
elong to the alphabetic writing system (but the latter two are defective, i=
.e. mainly consonant SCRIPTS); Amharic, Japanese Kana and Inuktitut (Eskimo=
) SCRIPTS belong to the syllabic writing system; Chinese Han and Japanese K=
anji SCRIPTS belong to the logographic writing system.

Bien cordialement
.G=E9rard LANG
                            =

-----Message d'origine-----
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u-request@ietf.org
Envoy=E9 : vendredi 3 octobre 2008 08:02
=C0 : ltru@ietf.org
Objet : Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 15

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Today's Topics:

   1. Re: Too fine-grained? (Leif Halvard Silli)
   2. Re: Uniqueness of variant subtags (John Cowan)
   3. Re: Uniqueness of variant subtags (Peter Constable)
   4. Re: Uniqueness of variant subtags (Mark Davis)
   5. Re: Uniqueness of variant subtags (Leif Halvard Silli)
   6. Re: Uniqueness of variant subtags (Peter Constable)


----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Fri, 03 Oct 2008 06:49:09 +0200
From: Leif Halvard Silli <lhs@malform.no>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Too fine-grained?
To: Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <48E5A445.6010003@malform.no>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3DUTF-8; format=3Dflowed

Doug Ewell 2008-10-03 04.31:
   [...]

> The finer-grained our language tagging solutions become, such as =

> "no-1907" versus "no-1917", the less likely it is that all of these =

> use cases will be met.


The disadvantages are also the advantages: You don't want "nn-1907" to be s=
pelling checked like current "nn", so it may be fine if the computer does n=
ot try to spell-check "nn-1917". =

(Perhaps the alternative would be to "un-tag", or use an incorrect tag for =
texts following the 1917 norm, in order to avoid such
spell-checking.)

OTOH, a variant can sometimes come in place for a new language subtag - and=
 thus can keep things together rather than be splitting. E.g. I understand =
that some prefer Resian to be registered as its own language. So this hints=
 that variant subtags can also simplify and join rather than complicate and=
 split.

   [...]

> So before we assume that we'll eventually have lots of 1917's and =

> 1959's and 1994's colliding with each other, and need to make sure all =

> of them can coexist, we might want to think about whether these are =

> distinctions that need to be made in language tags.


The alterantive will often be x-private subtags, I think. And they are even=
 harder to get computers or people to handle.
--
leif halvard silli


------------------------------

Message: 2
Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2008 01:33:06 -0400
From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
To: Leif Halvard Silli <lhs@malform.no>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>,	Kent Karlsson
	<kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
Message-ID: <20081003053306.GM31839@mercury.ccil.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3Dus-ascii

Leif Halvard Silli scripsit:

> It is interesting to compare the prefixes allowed for "1996",
> =

> 	Prefix: de
> =

> to those allowed for "1994":
> =

> 	Prefix: sl-rozaj
> 	Prefix: sl-rozaj-biske
> 	Prefix: sl-rozaj-njiva
> 	Prefix: sl-rozaj-osojs
> 	Prefix: sl-rozaj-solba

Not *allowed*, but *recommended*.  The first means that we say you SHOULD u=
se 'de'
(and implicitly, SHOULD NOT use any other primary language subtag) with '19=
96'.
The second group means that you SHOULD use 'sl', AND you SHOULD use 'rozaj'=
, AD you should use either one of the four variant tags or no variant tag, =
before you use '1994'.

> Allthough "sl-rozaj-lipaw" is not listed, since "sl-rozaj" is listed, =

> how can we know that "sl-rozaj-lipaw-1994" is not permitted?

But it *is* permitted.  The Prefix: on a subtag is only what's recommended.

-- =

John Cowan   cowan@ccil.org  http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Most languages are dramatically underdescribed, and at least one is dramati=
cally overdescribed.  Still other languages are simultaneously overdescribe=
d and underdescribed.  Welsh pertains to the third category.
        --Alan King


------------------------------

Message: 3
Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 22:53:27 -0700
From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID:
	<DDB6DE6E9D27DD478AE6D1BBBB835795633D71B9AC@NA-EXMSG-C117.redmond.corp.mic=
rosoft.com>
	=

Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3D"utf-8"

You lot are generating a lot of mail on a last call topic. I hope that we a=
re moving toward stability of the draft, not trying to rush in new features=
 at the last minute.

Martin wrote:

> I hope we can restrict this to the a very short time.
> Everybody, please comment quickly...

I agree with those who say we should not allow two records having the same =
subtag and the same type.

I agree with the sentiment that a subtag should have a consistent semantic.=
 Years are relatively easy cases as the concept of 'point in time at which =
some significant change in conventions occurred' is pretty straightforward.=
 (Someone mentioned the possibility of two changes happening for a given la=
nguage in a given year -- that just means that, in that case, more than fou=
r-digit subtag is needed.) Beyond that, there'd be a need to be wary of the=
 kind of fuzziness Randy fears. A case like "northern" is a clear example o=
f a problematic case: there is a trivial sense in which "northern" would al=
ways have a consistent semantic, but that would be a vague trap that would =
snare us unless there were some way to make exactly clear what specific sem=
antic is meant for each collocation.

This reminds me of issues in lexicography, in which a word form may corresp=
ond to distinct lexemes (distinct meanings), or in which a single lexeme ca=
n have multiple senses: in either case, a hierarchical organization of info=
rmation is typically used to show how information is related. So, instead of

> Type: variant
> Subtag: 1901
> Description: German orthography of 1901
> Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901
> Prefix: de
> Prefix: uz
> Comments: Good luck figuring this out.

something along the lines of

Type: variant
Subtag: 1901
Sense:
   Description: German orthography of 1901
   Prefix: de
   Reference: ...
Sense:
   Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901
   Prefix: uz
   Reference: ...

Some said that the first record above seems reasonably clear; I concede tha=
t -- in this case; but in the general case I think there are real risks of =
introducing ambiguity and lack of clarity into records.

But the kind of approach in the second record above would require a lot mor=
e change than I think should be introduced at this stage. I think it very i=
mportant to limit ourselves to a useful change that we can get quick closur=
e on. To that end, I suggest

- that we have a requirement on one record per subtag-type,
- that at this point we not block records like the first one above
- that there be a general requirement on a consistent semantic for all uses=
 of a subtag
- that there be some general cautions about risks of confusion if the inten=
t for each particular collocation is unclear

And beyond that, that for now we leave it to the IETF-Language list and LST=
R to do the right thing -- so that we in LTRU can do the right thing for us=
 at this point, which is to close on this discussion and on the WGLC.




Peter

------------------------------

Message: 4
Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2008 07:59:24 +0200
From: "Mark Davis" <mark@macchiato.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
To: "Peter Constable" <petercon@microsoft.com>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID:
	<30b660a20810022259r3cd384fcpb48c89c4926e7e60@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3D"utf-8"

I think we might be in rough agreement. Can you suggest changes in the word=
ing in http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=3Ddfqr8rd5_216dbfzfkf5?
Mark


On Fri, Oct 3, 2008 at 7:53 AM, Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>wro=
te:

> You lot are generating a lot of mail on a last call topic. I hope that =

> we are moving toward stability of the draft, not trying to rush in new =

> features at the last minute.
>
> Martin wrote:
>
> > I hope we can restrict this to the a very short time.
> > Everybody, please comment quickly...
>
> I agree with those who say we should not allow two records having the =

> same subtag and the same type.
>
> I agree with the sentiment that a subtag should have a consistent semanti=
c.
> Years are relatively easy cases as the concept of 'point in time at =

> which some significant change in conventions occurred' is pretty straight=
forward.
> (Someone mentioned the possibility of two changes happening for a =

> given language in a given year -- that just means that, in that case, =

> more than four-digit subtag is needed.) Beyond that, there'd be a need =

> to be wary of the kind of fuzziness Randy fears. A case like =

> "northern" is a clear example of a problematic case: there is a =

> trivial sense in which "northern" would always have a consistent =

> semantic, but that would be a vague trap that would snare us unless =

> there were some way to make exactly clear what specific semantic is meant=
 for each collocation.
>
> This reminds me of issues in lexicography, in which a word form may =

> correspond to distinct lexemes (distinct meanings), or in which a =

> single lexeme can have multiple senses: in either case, a hierarchical =

> organization of information is typically used to show how information =

> is related. So, instead of
>
> > Type: variant
> > Subtag: 1901
> > Description: German orthography of 1901
> > Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901
> > Prefix: de
> > Prefix: uz
> > Comments: Good luck figuring this out.
>
> something along the lines of
>
> Type: variant
> Subtag: 1901
> Sense:
>   Description: German orthography of 1901
>   Prefix: de
>   Reference: ...
> Sense:
>   Description: Uzbek transliteration of 1901
>   Prefix: uz
>   Reference: ...
>
> Some said that the first record above seems reasonably clear; I =

> concede that -- in this case; but in the general case I think there =

> are real risks of introducing ambiguity and lack of clarity into records.
>
> But the kind of approach in the second record above would require a =

> lot more change than I think should be introduced at this stage. I =

> think it very important to limit ourselves to a useful change that we =

> can get quick closure on. To that end, I suggest
>
> - that we have a requirement on one record per subtag-type,
> - that at this point we not block records like the first one above
> - that there be a general requirement on a consistent semantic for all =

> uses of a subtag
> - that there be some general cautions about risks of confusion if the =

> intent for each particular collocation is unclear
>
> And beyond that, that for now we leave it to the IETF-Language list =

> and LSTR to do the right thing -- so that we in LTRU can do the right =

> thing for us at this point, which is to close on this discussion and on t=
he WGLC.
>
>
>
>
> Peter
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
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------------------------------

Message: 5
Date: Fri, 03 Oct 2008 08:00:21 +0200
From: Leif Halvard Silli <lhs@malform.no>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>,	Kent Karlsson
	<kent.karlsson14@comhem.se>
Message-ID: <48E5B4F5.2090309@malform.no>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3DISO-8859-1; format=3Dflowed

John Cowan 2008-10-03 07.33:

> Leif Halvard Silli scripsit:
> =

>> It is interesting to compare the prefixes allowed for "1996",
>> =

>> 	Prefix: de


    [ snip ]


> Not *allowed*, but *recommended*.  The first means that we say you SHOULD=
 use 'de'
> (and implicitly, SHOULD NOT use any other primary language subtag) with '=
1996'.


But the question still is why the registry does not say which regions tags =
"1996" is recommended used for.
--
leif halvard silli


------------------------------

Message: 6
Date: Thu, 2 Oct 2008 23:02:01 -0700
From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
To: Randy Presuhn <randy_presuhn@mindspring.com>, LTRU Working Group
	<ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID:
	<DDB6DE6E9D27DD478AE6D1BBBB835795633D71B9B5@NA-EXMSG-C117.redmond.corp.mic=
rosoft.com>
	=

Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3D"us-ascii"

+1

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Ran=
dy Presuhn
Sent: Thursday, October 02, 2008 10:37 AM
To: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags

Hi -

As a technical contributor...

I'm deeply concerned that this thread is leading to a seriously over-specif=
ied, over-engineered solution.  There are several different concerns that f=
olks appear to be trying to address, and I'm afraid that the net effect of =
the proposals might be worse than the envisioned problems.

(1) making "institution" mnemonics part of the formal structure logically l=
eads to the conclusion that there should be a registry of institutions.  I =
really don't want to go there!

(2) the "same meaning" vs "same semantics" debate gets to the heart of why =
I so strongly opposed using the same variant tag for the Hanyu Pinyin ortho=
graphy of Mandarin and a pinyin-like way of writing Tibetan.  Our job is to=
 define procedures to keep the registry running smoothly so that language t=
agging needs can be met.  How does each interpretation effect the operation=
 of the review process and registry?  How would each impact the developer c=
ommunities of products that employ language tags?  Would either approach ma=
ke any difference to the people using those languages?

(3) With respect to the "year" business, at some point we have to stop gild=
ing this lily with more and more advice and recognize that as more and more=
 variant subtags are registered, it will become increasingly likely that th=
e character string used for the variant will end up having little or no mne=
monic value.  Tough.
It's unrealistic at this late stage in the process to come up with an archi=
tecture for the construction of variant subtags.  Doing so will only increa=
ses the amount of time spent arguing about the "right" string to use for a =
particular variant.  THEY ARE JUST SUBTAGS, and we should *NOT* do anything=
 to foster the perception that they are anything more.

Randy

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------------------------------

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End of Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 15
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To: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
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At 13:25 08/10/02, Phillips, Addison wrote:
>> 
>> [chair hat on]
>> I think I have seen very strong opposition to having multiple
>> records with the same variant subtag, for implementation reasons,
>> and nobody fighting for multiple records as such. Addison and Mark,
>> unless this is already covered in -17, can I ask you to draft some
>> language covering this (and only this) point?
>
>I already drafted it in the editor's copy and just proposed removing said 
>draft for lack of any consensus. draft-18 on inter-locale has the proposed text.

I have read all the follow-ups, but I'm responding to this mail
because that way, I can express things more clearly.


[chair hat on]

The above drafted text, as far as I understand, refers to:

>>>>
Requests to assign an additional record of a given type with an existing
subtag value MUST be rejected. For example, the variant subtag 'rozaj'
already exists in the registry, so adding a second record of type 'variant'
with the subtag 'rozaj' is prohibited.
>>>>

I think that I'm able to say that we have consensus to exclude multiple
records with the same variant subtag. That's exactly what the above paragraph
is saying. Therefore, I instruct the editors to consider this very paragraph
as part of our official post-lastcall version.

I haven't been able to identify consensus beyond this specific issue.


[technical hat on]

I think that whatever text I have seen so far about semantics, meaning,
4-digit numbers for years, and so on, is either vague to the extent of
being of no real use (two reasonable people can come to different
conclusions based on the text in many cases) or is too specific,
to reach consensus, tending in one or the other direction. Also, while
there is in principle the hope that clearer direction in RFC 4646bis
would make the work of ietf-languages easier, which would be highly
desirable, I haven't seen any example where this would indeed be
guaranteed. I therefore think that this is one of the points where
we should stop adding additional language just to keep ourselves busy.


[chair hat on]

Unless I see some clear progress soon towards precise and consise text
that addresses a clear need, I plan to close the discussion on
further editing regarding this issue in a day or two, so that we
finally can move on.


Regards,    Martin.



#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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On Thu, Oct 02, 2008 at 04:23:22PM +0200,
 Mark Davis <mark@macchiato.com> wrote 
 a message of 107 lines which said:

> <t>Four digit subtags are reserved for indicating a year. Their
> meaning is in reference to some significant specification or other
> work associated with that year. It may have multiple prefixes: the
> particular specification for a given prefix MUST be clearly indicated
> in one of the Descriptions.</t>

Strongly -1 for me. While it may be a good idea to avoid registrations
of 4-digits subtags, because of the risk of collision and the risk
that the first one to register 1901 will deprive the others, I do not
think it should be written down in the RFC. 4646bis is already too
long and too detailed on some points.

A related reason for suppressing this paragraph is because 4-digits
subtags are just a subset of "generic" subtags ("northern" or
"academy" being another common examples) and we should not legislate
for just a part of the generic subtags.

Such restrictions should belong to an "ietf-languages policy" (which,
as John Cowan is fond of mentioning, already exists, even if it is
currently unwritten).


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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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On Fri, Oct 03, 2008 at 05:55:14PM +0900,
 Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp> wrote 
 a message of 68 lines which said:

> I think that I'm able to say that we have consensus to exclude multiple
> records with the same variant subtag.

For me, if I did not speak loudly for "multiple records with the same
subtag", it is mostly in the name of compatibility with existing
implementations. Otherwise, excluding multiple records should be
reconsidered (or limited to an ietf-languages policy, not cast in
stone in the RFC).

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Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2008 12:19:39 +0200
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Too fine-grained? (was: Re: Uniqueness of variant
	subtags)
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On Thu, Oct 02, 2008 at 08:31:36PM -0600,
 Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org> wrote 
 a message of 8 lines which said:

> 1. to allow people to identify the language of content
> 2. to allow people or computers to search for content in a particular language
> 3. to allow people to specify "preferred languages" in which they
> wish to receive content

There are certainly other important reasons. For instance, to allow a
graphical renderer or a spell checker or a speech synthetizer to apply
the correct rules. Unlike 2 and 3 (where broad tagging is better),
this requires fine-grain tagging.

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Uniqueness of variant subtags
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Martin Duerst 2008-10-03 10.55:

> At 13:25 08/10/02, Phillips, Addison wrote:

> [technical hat on]
> 
> I think that whatever text I have seen so far about semantics, meaning,
> 4-digit numbers for years, and so on, is either vague to the extent of
> being of no real use (two reasonable people can come to different
> conclusions based on the text in many cases) or is too specific,
> to reach consensus, tending in one or the other direction. Also, while
> there is in principle the hope that clearer direction in RFC 4646bis
> would make the work of ietf-languages easier, which would be highly
> desirable, I haven't seen any example where this would indeed be
> guaranteed. I therefore think that this is one of the points where
> we should stop adding additional language just to keep ourselves busy.
> 
> 
> [chair hat on]
> 
> Unless I see some clear progress soon towards precise and consise text
> that addresses a clear need, I plan to close the discussion on
> further editing regarding this issue in a day or two, so that we
> finally can move on.

For progress/possible consesnsus, I propose that years should be 
reserved to "temporary" (in the meaning 'for the time being') 
revisions of an existing "thing".

I suggest that a romanisation is not a temporary change to an 
existing language and its norms (except in a derived way). But it 
may be a temporary version of an existing romanisation scheme. 
Thuse first should the kind of romanisation be mentioned in one 
variant tag, then in another subtag should the year come.

For the green book/white book example, one subtag should have the 
green vs white book. And a next subtag should mention the year.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Oct  3 07:18:00 2008
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 15
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Lang G=E9rard scripsit:

> 0-Let me suggest that we should adopt a precise, uniform and recognized
> terminology when discussing about transformations between languages
> and/or scripts.

As far as I can tell, we are currently using the terms "transcription",
"transliteration", "romanization", "language" (except that we do not
require a language community to be large), and "script" in the same senses
as UNGEGN.  We have not used the broader terms "transformation" (meaning
translation, transcription, or transliteration) and "conversion" (meaning
transcription or transliteration), but they are reasonable additions to
the toolkit.  The term "translation" is not relevant to our work.

We also use a different taxonomy of scripts, dividing them into
alphabets, abjads, abugidas, syllabaries, and logosyllabaries: see
http://www.unicode.org/glossary for terse definitions, or Section 6.1
of the Unicode Standard for detailed explanations (available online at
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.0.0/ch06.pdf .

-- =

John Cowan    http://ccil.org/~cowan  cowan@ccil.org
'Tis the Linux rebellion / Let coders take their place,
The Linux-nationale / Shall Microsoft outpace,
We can write better programs / Our CPUs won't stall,
So raise the penguin banner of / The Linux-nationale.  --Greg Baker
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I do not think that all variants of "Sign languages" taken care of inside I=
SO 639 and IANA's Registry could enter under the"means of verbal communicat=
ion" that are described as a condition for a language by UNGEGN.
This question of definition of "languages" is clearly linked with the fact =
that the english word "language" has two possible interpretations in french:
-(i) "langue", that is linked whith "tongue" (that has the same translation=
 "langue" in french), evidently connected with "verbal communication" and o=
riented on the semantics (this interpretation clearly excludes all forms of=
 signed or only symbolic languages);
-(ii) "language", that is more extensive and more oriented on syntax, and a=
llows to take care of sign languages as well as many sorts of artificial an=
d symbolic languages, like informatics, or "chess game description", ......

The french title of ISO 639 is "Codes pour la representation des noms de LA=
NGUES" that , in principle, does not include Sign languages (that are not "=
verbal communication means").

G=E9rard LANG

-----Message d'origine-----
De : John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org] =

Envoy=E9 : vendredi 3 octobre 2008 16:18
=C0 : Lang G=E9rard
Cc : ltru@ietf.org; ietf-languages@iana.org
Objet : Re: [Ltru] Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 15

Lang G=E9rard scripsit:

> 0-Let me suggest that we should adopt a precise, uniform and =

> recognized terminology when discussing about transformations between =

> languages and/or scripts.

As far as I can tell, we are currently using the terms "transcription", "tr=
ansliteration", "romanization", "language" (except that we do not require a=
 language community to be large), and "script" in the same senses as UNGEGN=
.  We have not used the broader terms "transformation" (meaning translation=
, transcription, or transliteration) and "conversion" (meaning transcriptio=
n or transliteration), but they are reasonable additions to the toolkit.  T=
he term "translation" is not relevant to our work.

We also use a different taxonomy of scripts, dividing them into alphabets, =
abjads, abugidas, syllabaries, and logosyllabaries: see http://www.unicode.=
org/glossary for terse definitions, or Section 6.1 of the Unicode Standard =
for detailed explanations (available online at http://www.unicode.org/versi=
ons/Unicode5.0.0/ch06.pdf .

-- =

John Cowan    http://ccil.org/~cowan  cowan@ccil.org
'Tis the Linux rebellion / Let coders take their place, The Linux-nationale=
 / Shall Microsoft outpace, We can write better programs / Our CPUs won't s=
tall, So raise the penguin banner of / The Linux-nationale.  --Greg Baker
_______________________________________________
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Subject: [Ltru]  Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 15
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Hi, Are you saying that "langage" is a better French translation of "langua=
ges" in "Codes for the representation of names of languages" than is "langu=
e"?  Or what?

(I do think it's possible to translate "sign language" as
"langue des signes"
Is this correct?)

However, "le tresor de la langue francaise" online (http://atilf.atilf.fr/t=
lf.htm) seems to largely agree with your definition of "langue" -- as somet=
hing pertaining to the "tongue" or to things that remind one of a "tongue" =
(such as a "the tongue of a flame")



Best,



C. E. Whitehead
cewcathar@hotmail.com

Lang G=E9rard gerard.lang at insee.fr =

Fri Oct 3 16:41:11 CEST 2008


> I do not think that all variants of "Sign languages" taken care of inside=
 ISO 639 and IANA's Registry could enter under the"means of verbal communic=
ation" that are described as a condition for a language by UNGEGN.
> This question of definition of "languages" is clearly linked with the fac=
t that the english word "language" has two possible interpretations in fren=
ch:
> -(i) "langue", that is linked whith "tongue" (that has the same translati=
on "langue" in french), evidently connected with "verbal communication" and=
 oriented on the semantics (this interpretation clearly excludes all forms =
of signed or only symbolic languages);
> -(ii) "language", that is more extensive and more oriented on syntax, and=
 allows to take care of sign languages as well as many sorts of artificial =
and symbolic languages, like informatics, or "chess game description", ....=
..

> The french title of ISO 639 is "Codes pour la representation des noms de =
LANGUES" that , in principle, does not include Sign languages (that are not=
 "verbal communication means").

> G=E9rard LANG
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: ietf-languages@iana.org, ltru@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 15
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CE Whitehead scripsit:

> However, "le tresor de la langue francaise" online
> (http://atilf.atilf.fr/tlf.htm) seems to largely agree with your
> definition of "langue" -- as something pertaining to the "tongue" or to
> things that remind one of a "tongue" (such as a "the tongue of a flame")

Etymology is not a key to meaning.  "Verbal communication" is
communication in words, and although sign languages don't involve the
tongue, they definitely have words.

-- 
John Cowan    cowan@ccil.org    http://ccil.org/~cowan
Nobody expects the RESTifarian Inquisition!  Our chief weapon is
surprise ... surprise and tedium  ... tedium and surprise ....
Our two weapons are tedium and surprise ... and ruthless disregard
for unpleasant facts....  Our three weapons are tedium, surprise, and
ruthless disregard ... and an almost fanatical devotion to Roy Fielding....
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 15
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Hi -

As co-chair...

This sub-thread is off-topic.  Support for sign languages was a specific co=
nsideration
in the chartering of this working group.  Please limit discussion to legiti=
mate last-call
issues.

Randy

----- Original Message ----- =

From: "CE Whitehead" <cewcathar@hotmail.com>
To: <ietf-languages@iana.org>; <ltru@ietf.org>
Sent: Friday, October 03, 2008 8:15 AM
Subject: [Ltru] Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 15





Hi, Are you saying that "langage" is a better French translation of "langua=
ges" in "Codes for the representation of names of
languages" than is "langue"?  Or what?

(I do think it's possible to translate "sign language" as
"langue des signes"
Is this correct?)

However, "le tresor de la langue francaise" online (http://atilf.atilf.fr/t=
lf.htm) seems to largely agree with your definition of
"langue" -- as something pertaining to the "tongue" or to things that remin=
d one of a "tongue" (such as a "the tongue of a flame")



Best,



C. E. Whitehead
cewcathar@hotmail.com

Lang G=E9rard gerard.lang at insee.fr
Fri Oct 3 16:41:11 CEST 2008


> I do not think that all variants of "Sign languages" taken care of inside=
 ISO 639 and IANA's Registry could enter under the"means
of verbal communication" that are described as a condition for a language b=
y UNGEGN.
> This question of definition of "languages" is clearly linked with the fac=
t that the english word "language" has two possible
interpretations in french:
> -(i) "langue", that is linked whith "tongue" (that has the same translati=
on "langue" in french), evidently connected with "verbal
communication" and oriented on the semantics (this interpretation clearly e=
xcludes all forms of signed or only symbolic languages);
> -(ii) "language", that is more extensive and more oriented on syntax, and=
 allows to take care of sign languages as well as many
sorts of artificial and symbolic languages, like informatics, or "chess gam=
e description", ......

> The french title of ISO 639 is "Codes pour la representation des noms de =
LANGUES" that , in principle, does not include Sign
languages (that are not "verbal communication means").

> G=E9rard LANG
_______________________________________________
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To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>, Mark Davis <mark@macchiato.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Oct 2008 08:36:25 -0700
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> 
> Strongly -1 for me. While it may be a good idea to avoid
> registrations
> of 4-digits subtags, because of the risk of collision and the risk
> that the first one to register 1901 will deprive the others, I do
> not
> think it should be written down in the RFC. 4646bis is already too
> long and too detailed on some points.

+1

> 
> A related reason for suppressing this paragraph is because 4-digits
> subtags are just a subset of "generic" subtags ("northern" or
> "academy" being another common examples) and we should not
> legislate for just a part of the generic subtags.

I don't agree. Historically, year subtags have not been generic. Attempts to genericize them (and, by extension, all variants) are downright dangerous and, I think, wrongheaded.

> 
> Such restrictions should belong to an "ietf-languages policy"
> (which,
> as John Cowan is fond of mentioning, already exists, even if it is
> currently unwritten).
> 

Indeed.

Addison
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Doug Ewell 2008-10-03 15.13:

> Leif Halvard Silli <lhs at malform dot no> wrote"
> 
>>>> It is interesting to compare the prefixes allowed for "1996",
>>>>
>>>> Prefix: de
>>>
>>> Not *allowed*, but *recommended*.  The first means that we say you 
>>> SHOULD use 'de' (and implicitly, SHOULD NOT use any other primary 
>>> language subtag) with '1996'.
>>
>> But the question still is why the registry does not say which regions 
>> tags "1996" is recommended used for.
> 
> The Registry doesn't currently include region subtags as part of any 
> Prefix field.  In fact, 'wadegile', which will be submitted to IANA 
> today, is the first variant whose Prefix will comprise anything other 
> than a language subtag and (optionally) one or more variant subtags.
> 
> The big danger with variants is using two or more that are mutually 
> exclusive.  '1901' and '1996' are mutually exclusive; there is no 
> logical way in which both could ever be used in the same tag.  To steer 
> people away from this, when a tag with two variants does make sense, we 
> explicitly indicate variant A as part of the Prefix for variant B.  The 
> sub-dialects and '1994' sub-sub-dialect of Resian are examples of this.


Unless we say that year digits should only be used to "date" an 
existing language or norm - and not itself serve as reference to a 
any language or norm - we could claim that 1996 is a modification 
of 1901. And thus we could claim that "de-1901-1996" would be 
meaningful. (Though redundant.)

So if wadegile would be modified in the future, one could register 
a year for the new - or the old (or both) - revision, which would 
have to be preceded by the wadegile subtag. (Allthough, in real 
life, one could probably just skip adding  the year subtag.)

 

The same would be the case for the groene and witte boekje for the 
Dutch language: Allthough there are new revisions of those books, 
the most important thing would probably be to be able to tag 
whether one uses the one or the other.

By keeping a strict year meaning to year subtags, we can help that 
registrants avoid such things [that I proposed] as 1996groene and 
1996witte.

> There is usually less of a problem using region or script subtags 
> together with a variant.  This does not mean the resulting tag 
> necessarily corresponds to a real-world language variation, such as 
> "en-IN-boont", but that it is not logically impossible in the sense that 
> "de-1901-1996" would be.


This to me suggests to that, in reality, there is consesus that 
year subtags are strictly to be understood as years. Or else, as 
mentioned above, "de-1901-1996" could be meaningful.

 
> In many cases, trying to enumerate the possible region subtags which 
> would make sense with a given variant would be a huge researching 
> challenge, and might become the subject of perpetual complaints of 
> incompleteness even more than Suppress-Script already is.

Whether it is a huge undertaking or not, must be researched first 
of all, in each case. For "1996", it was an agreement between 4 
countries, so it should be pretty simple to conclude.

Further more, we do agree that one should not make tags longer 
than necessary. But the fact of the matter is that a presice 
listing of the region tags for which a year (or other) subtag 
applies, could help keeping tags short.

How? Well, as you know, people add their own meanings into things, 
and could very well "figure out" that "de-NO" would be fine, since 
I live in Norway. But if they see that, "oh, it is not recommended 
to use "de-NO-1996", then this could lead to a very good thing, 
namely that the tagger would pick a more approriate tag, such as 
"de-1996" or "de-DE-1996". If you get what I mean.

> For Wade-Giles and (maybe someday) Hanyu Pinyin, we will specify a 
> Prefix consisting of 'zh' with a script subtag (and not without one) as 
> a fairly explicit indication that the variant really should be used with 
> that script subtag.

That sounds very meaningful.

> This is inherently open to debate for each proposed variant, and I am 
> sure ietf-languages will hold such debates whether we add a rule or not, 
> so I do not support adding a new rule to attempt to regulate this 
> behavior, especially not if we are trying to get through a Last Call.


Of course it must be open to debate - we cannot know in advance 
what one want to register and how it relatest to "reality". And I 
do not think that the current lack of recommended region subtag 
prefixes for 1996 is a fundamental error. But I do think that it 
would be much more in line with the strict year meaning that you 
apply to "-1996" to list the region variants of "de" for which the 
1996 dating is good.
-- 
leif halvard silli
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Leif Halvard Silli <lhs@malform.no>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>, LTRU
	Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Sat, 4 Oct 2008 09:41:42 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Prefixes
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> >
> > The big danger with variants is using two or more that are
> mutually
> > exclusive.  '1901' and '1996' are mutually exclusive; there is no
> > logical way in which both could ever be used in the same tag.  To
> steer
> > people away from this, when a tag with two variants does make
> sense, we
> > explicitly indicate variant A as part of the Prefix for variant B.
> The
> > sub-dialects and '1994' sub-sub-dialect of Resian are examples of
> this.
> 
> 
> Unless we say that year digits should only be used to "date" an
> existing language or norm - and not itself serve as reference to a
> any language or norm - we could claim that 1996 is a modification
> of 1901. And thus we could claim that "de-1901-1996" would be
> meaningful. (Though redundant.)

We could claim all sorts of things, but the current RFC already spells this particular case out and there exists several years of usage--predating RFC4646--that say that 1996 is not a modification of 1901.

> 
> By keeping a strict year meaning to year subtags, we can help that
> registrants avoid such things [that I proposed] as 1996groene and
> 1996witte.

Why? More importantly, isn't that a matter for the registration process to determine/enforce, rather than the RFC?

> 
> This to me suggests to that, in reality, there is consesus that
> year subtags are strictly to be understood as years. Or else, as
> mentioned above, "de-1901-1996" could be meaningful.

No.

The two German subtags you cite above are mutually exclusive because they both refer to specific orthographies. That is, language tag variant subtags refer to variations in language, not to years.

Let's use a more useful example. 'boont' and 'scottish' are both registered variant subtags that can be applied to English (en). They are mutually exclusive because they refer to specific regional dialects/jargons. One cannot speak Boontling Scottish-wise or vice versa. Replacing 'boont' with '1890' and 'scottish' with (I dunno, let's pick a date) '1707' doesn't make the underlying language variations any different or mutually compatible.


> 
> > This is inherently open to debate for each proposed variant, and
> I am
> > sure ietf-languages will hold such debates whether we add a rule
> or not,
> > so I do not support adding a new rule to attempt to regulate this
> > behavior, especially not if we are trying to get through a Last
> Call.
> 
> 
> Of course it must be open to debate - we cannot know in advance
> what one want to register and how it relatest to "reality". And I
> do not think that the current lack of recommended region subtag
> prefixes for 1996 is a fundamental error. But I do think that it
> would be much more in line with the strict year meaning that you
> apply to "-1996" to list the region variants of "de" for which the
> 1996 dating is good.

Really, when the prefix omits all mention of scripts or regions, we have the positive ability to use whichever ones make sense, even if the registrants overlooked and omitted one. I suspect that remnant populations might use 1901 or 1996, depending, with "de-NA".

I think the problem here is that you're suggesting that we should try to register what all of the "correct" potential tags are. But the generative nature of language tags is based on a quite different philosophy: we don't have to do the detailed linguistic research and weigh all manner of data to provide such things (as the old RFC 3066 kind of required). 

Addison
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Phillips, Addison 2008-10-04 18.41:

>>> The big danger with variants is using two or more that are
>>> mutually
>>> exclusive.  '1901' and '1996' are mutually exclusive; there
>>> is no logical way in which both could ever be used in the
>>> same tag. [...]


>> Unless we say that year digits should only be used to "date"
>> an existing language or norm - and not itself serve as
>> reference to a any language or norm - we could claim that
>> 1996 is a modification of 1901. And thus we could claim that
>> "de-1901-1996" would be meaningful. (Though redundant.)
> 
> We could claim all sorts of things, but the current RFC already
> spells this particular case out and there exists several years
> of usage--predating RFC4646--that say that 1996 is not a
> modification of 1901.


I don't think the RFC goes into detail about development of German 
ortography and how 1996 relates to 1901 in that sense. What you 
mean is that we cannot, per the RFC and its history, add 1996 to 
the 1901 subtag, in order to modify what the 1901 subtag means.

(Btw, I never suggested that de-1901-1996 was good tagging, I only 
discussed what is "obvious" in this case.)

>> By keeping a strict year meaning to year subtags, we can help
>> that registrants avoid such things [that I proposed] as
>> 1996groene and 1996witte.
> 
> Why? More importantly, isn't that a matter for the registration
> process to determine/enforce, rather than the RFC?


Because several have pointed out that years could be a good thing 
to use in tags. Determine/enforce? No. Only advice.

>> This to me suggests to that, in reality, there is consesus
>> that year subtags are strictly to be understood as years. Or
>> else, as mentioned above, "de-1901-1996" could be meaningful.
> 
> No.
> 
> The two German subtags you cite above are mutually exclusive
> because they both refer to specific orthographies. That is,
> language tag variant subtags refer to variations in language,
> not to years.

I don't see that we fundamentally disagree when you say that the 
years refers to "variations in language, not to year". Perhaps we 
can agree that years refers to an /dated/ variation of some norm?

If 'de-1996" means "Norm of Written German, the 1996 reform", then 
I would say that "Norm of Written German" is represented by "de" 
(which also includes the suppressed '-latn'), and that "1996" 
represents "the 1996 reform".

This does not mean that "1996" only means the year - after all, it 
is registered as an extension of the "de" subtag. But if we go the 
full route in the other direction, then we could claim full 
autonomy and just use lang="1996".

The dated language norm in question here is "Written Hochdeutsch" 
- which is a norm that normally is referred to with the tag "de" 
or "de" plus a region subtag. I could in fact "(mis)use" "de-1996" 
to signify "written form". But that very fact does not mean that 
it is "1996" which means "written form". The "written form" is 
hidden in the "de" tag. Or else, we could not have applied "1996" 
to it.

> Let's use a more useful example. 'boont' and 'scottish' are
> both registered variant subtags that can be applied to English
> (en). They are mutually exclusive because they refer to
> specific regional dialects/jargons. One cannot speak Boontling
> Scottish-wise or vice versa. Replacing 'boont' with '1890' and
> 'scottish' with (I dunno, let's pick a date) '1707' doesn't
> make the underlying language variations any different or
> mutually compatible.


If 'boont' was a development - aka (sub)dialect - of scotish, then 
'en-scottish-boont' and/or "en-1707-1890" would be OK. But 
contrary to that artificial example, 1996 and 1901 refers to the 
written norm of the same German "dialect".

I think it is your intepretation of years (which is leaning 
towards an autonomy understanding of what the years represents) 
which is most at risk of allowing "de-1901-1996".

The normal assumtion is that a "naked" language subtag, such as 
'de', refers to a language represented by a standardnorm. And so 
both 1901 and 1996 refers to a dated variant of the standard 
written norm of German.

>>> This is inherently open to debate for each proposed
>>> variant, and I am
>>> sure ietf-languages will hold such debates whether we add a
>>> rule or not,
>>> so I do not support adding a new rule to attempt to
>>> regulate this behavior, especially not if we are trying to
>>> get through a Last Call.
>> 
>> Of course it must be open to debate - we cannot know in
>> advance what one want to register and how it relatest to
>> "reality". And I do not think that the current lack of
>> recommended region subtag prefixes for 1996 is a fundamental
>> error. But I do think that it would be much more in line with
>> the strict year meaning that you apply to "-1996" to list the
>> region variants of "de" for which the 1996 dating is good.
> 
> Really, when the prefix omits all mention of scripts or
> regions, we have the positive ability to use whichever ones
> make sense, 


Well, here, I must say that I have taken in what Doug said: the 
supress latin script for "de" is valid for 1996.

> even if the registrants overlooked and omitted one.
> I suspect that remnant populations might use 1901 or 1996,
> depending, with "de-NA".


The keyword here is 'overlooked'.

 
> I think the problem here is that you're suggesting that we
> should try to register what all of the "correct" potential tags
> are. But the generative nature of language tags is based on a
> quite different philosophy: we don't have to do the detailed
> linguistic research and weigh all manner of data to provide
> such things (as the old RFC 3066 kind of required).


Resian, its subdialects and the 1994 subtag was registered as a 
result of detailed linguistic research.

I feel that here you are saying almost the opposite of what you 
claim to be saying.

Example: Let's say they made a reform in Canadian French and chose 
"2008" as subtag for that reform. You then seem to be of the 
opinion that one could not put in the registry that the 
recommended prefix should be "fr" and "fr-CA". Because, before you 
would allow the Quebecians to be *that* spesific with regard to 
the prefix, you have a whole list of linguistic questions that 
must be answered before they should be allowed to claim that their 
own reform was only relevant to Quebec French.

So it seems like the 1996 subtag should have registered the region 
subtags it was good for - because, it was known which it was good 
for - it did not require investigation, it was 4 countries which 
agreed.  And John has told that it is not forbidden to use 1996 
with any other region tag than the ones it is recommended for. So, 
  if we really agree about that, then, if it is relevant, one can 
just add 1996 to another region subtag, despite its lack of 
recommendation. (And if the usecase is really really relevant, one 
can just augment the list of prefixes in the next revision.)
-- 
leif halvard silli
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Lang_G=E9rard?= <gerard.lang@insee.fr>
To: "John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>, "CE Whitehead" <cewcathar@hotmail.com>,
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Dear John Cowan,

1-I made a terrible mistake. The second possible interpretation of the engl=
ish word "language" in french reads "langage", not "language". So much for =
me, maybe too much Neglish is not good for my french !
2-I am happy to understand that you plainly approve at least 7 of the 8 def=
initions I selected from UNGEGN's Manual M 85.
3-Anyway, I found no definition for the term "LANGUAGE" inside the GLOSSARY=
 OF UNICODE TERMS source you mentionned. Nor did I find any definition conc=
erning the terms "CONVERSION", "ROMANIZATION", "TRANSLATION", TRANSCRIPTION=
" or "TRANSLITERATION".
I found a definition for the term "SCRIPT" that seems in line, and perfectl=
y compatible with the definition given by UNGEGN.
I also found in the glossary a definition for "TRANSFORMATION FORMAT" (and =
also one for "TRANSCODING"), so it is difficult for me to think that "TRANS=
FORMATION" is not a concept used by UNICODE.
4-I am certainly not enough expert in english language to decide if "Sign l=
anguage" can be considered to be covered by "verbal communication", that ne=
vertheless seems to me have a flavour of "oral communication". Anyway, I do=
 not see any possibility that "pronunciation of words" could cover "Sign la=
nguages".
5-Coming back to the proper interpretation in french of the english word "l=
anguage", I verified that from the beginning (Recommendation ISO 639 [Novem=
ber 1967] "Symbols for Languages, Countries and Authorities// Indicatifs de=
 LANGUES, de pays et d'autorit=E9s", and with strictly no exception, ISO 63=
9 systematically translated the english word "Language" by the french word =
"langue" and not by "langage". This is also the case for UNGEGN's Manual M5=
8, that never uses the french word "langage".
So, I have absolutely no doubt that "langue" is the proper french interpret=
ation for "Language" inside ISO 639, as the general title of this standard =
 and as UNGEGN interpretation both prove.
And I maintain that, under this clear interpretation, "Sign languages" shou=
ld not be taken inside ISO 639.
This is also reinforced by the fact that no "Sign Language" was present ins=
ide the publications of ISO 639 (1988) or ISO 639-2 (1998), or even ISO 639=
-1 (2002).But, a collective "Sign Languages", with alpha-3 code element "sg=
n" was added by ISO 639/RA-JAC inside ISO 639-2 on 2000-02-18 only, with no=
 corresponding alpha-2 code element. =

This addition does not seem in line with the scope of ISO 639-2, whose  "1 =
Scope" writes :
 " This part of ISO 639 provides two sets of three-letter alphabetic codes =
for the representation of names of languages, one for TERMINOLOGY applicati=
ons, and the other    for BIBLIOGRAPHIC applications...."
Moreover, ISO 639-5 (2008), that also uses "familles de langues" and "group=
es de langues", recognizes "sgn" as a group of languages, so that ideally "=
sgn" should be  suppressed inside ISO 639-2 to be only mentionned inside IS=
O 639-5. And in this case, there would be strictly no mention of any form o=
f "Sign languages" inside ISO 639-1 or ISO 639-2.



Bien cordialement.
G=E9rard LANG

"L=E0 o=F9 il n'y a pas de loi,
Il y a quand m=EAme la conscience"
  Publilius Syrus
 (1er si=E8cle avant J.-C.)

-----Message d'origine-----
De : ietf-languages-bounces@alvestrand.no [mailto:ietf-languages-bounces@al=
vestrand.no] De la part de John Cowan
Envoy=E9 : vendredi 3 octobre 2008 17:21
=C0 : CE Whitehead
Cc : ietf-languages@iana.org; ltru@ietf.org
Objet : Re: [Ltru] Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 15

CE Whitehead scripsit:

> However, "le tresor de la langue francaise" online
> (http://atilf.atilf.fr/tlf.htm) seems to largely agree with your =

> definition of "langue" -- as something pertaining to the "tongue" or =

> to things that remind one of a "tongue" (such as a "the tongue of a =

> flame")

Etymology is not a key to meaning.  "Verbal communication" is communication=
 in words, and although sign languages don't involve the tongue, they defin=
itely have words.

-- =

John Cowan    cowan@ccil.org    http://ccil.org/~cowan
Nobody expects the RESTifarian Inquisition!  Our chief weapon is surprise .=
.. surprise and tedium  ... tedium and surprise ....
Our two weapons are tedium and surprise ... and ruthless disregard for unpl=
easant facts....  Our three weapons are tedium, surprise, and ruthless disr=
egard ... and an almost fanatical devotion to Roy Fielding....
_______________________________________________
Ietf-languages mailing list
Ietf-languages@alvestrand.no
http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/ietf-languages
_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
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To: Lang G=?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCcVMbKEI=?=ard <gerard.lang@insee.fr>,
	"John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>, "CE Whitehead" <cewcathar@hotmail.com>, 
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From: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
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Cc: ietf-languages@iana.org, ltru@ietf.org
Subject: [Ltru] [OT] Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
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Dear Gerard,

[co-chair hat on]
Unless you have a concrete suggestion re. one of the two
LTRU documents being worked on, please refrain from cc'ing
ltru@ietf.org (or at least mark your postings with [OT]
(off topic)). Thanks!

[I'm not responsible for ietf-languages@iana.org.]

See below for a different interpretation re. sign languages.

Regards,    Martin.

At 17:27 08/10/06, Lang G$BqS(Bard wrote:
>Dear John Cowan,

>5-Coming back to the proper interpretation in french of the english word 
>"language", I verified that from the beginning (Recommendation ISO 639 
>[November 1967] "Symbols for Languages, Countries and Authorities// 
>Indicatifs de LANGUES, de pays et d'autorit$BqT(B", and with strictly no 
>exception, ISO 639 systematically translated the english word "Language" by 
>the french word "langue" and not by "langage". This is also the case for 
>UNGEGN's Manual M58, that never uses the french word "langage".
>So, I have absolutely no doubt that "langue" is the proper french 
>interpretation for "Language" inside ISO 639, as the general title of this 
>standard  and as UNGEGN interpretation both prove.
>And I maintain that, under this clear interpretation, "Sign languages" 
>should not be taken inside ISO 639.

[technical hat on]

I think it's very easy to come up with a different interpretation.
[For the sake of exposition, I'm assuming that the documents were
translated from English to French, but much of the stuff below also
works in other scenarios.]

When translating from English to French, 'langue' seemed the most
obvious and precise term, and the translator simply either forgot
about the existence of sign languages or checked the then-current
actual list and didn't find any.

The ideal thing to happen when a standard gets translated is that
the translation detects some ambiguity. This could have happened
in this case, the French translator asking back "Is this supposed
to include sign languages or not; I have to know that in order to
be able to translate correctly." As a result, there should have
been some explicit text saying either that sign languages are
included or excluded, which I guess doesn't exist.

I think it's inappropriate, in this case, to conclude from the
French translation 'langue' that this excludes sign languages.
The chance that this translation was in essence the result of
an oversight (not to blame the translator; it's essentially an
oversight by everybody involved) is in my opinion at least as big,
and leads to the (in my opinion) much more desirable result of
including sign languages.



>This is also reinforced by the fact that no "Sign Language" was present 
>inside the publications of ISO 639 (1988) or ISO 639-2 (1998), or even ISO 
>639-1 (2002).

That may explain the choice of word by the translator, but doesn't
prove any intent of coverage.

>But, a collective "Sign Languages", with alpha-3 code element 
>"sgn" was added by ISO 639/RA-JAC inside ISO 639-2 on 2000-02-18 only, with 
>no corresponding alpha-2 code element. 
>This addition does not seem in line with the scope of ISO 639-2, whose  "1 
>Scope" writes :
> " This part of ISO 639 provides two sets of three-letter alphabetic codes 
>for the representation of names of languages, one for TERMINOLOGY 
>applications, and the other    for BIBLIOGRAPHIC applications...."
>Moreover, ISO 639-5 (2008), that also uses "familles de langues" and 
>"groupes de langues", recognizes "sgn" as a group of languages, so that 
>ideally "sgn" should be  suppressed inside ISO 639-2 to be only mentionned 
>inside ISO 639-5.

I guess ideally, yes, but apparently the need to code sign languages
was so strong (at a time when 639-5 didn't exist yet) that the relevant
committees ignored this "detail". This may be taken as strong evidence
that once the parties involved got aware of sign languages, they
really thought they should be covered.

>And in this case, there would be strictly no mention of 
>any form of "Sign languages" inside ISO 639-1 or ISO 639-2.

That would make the French translation more 'correct' on paper,
but it's still not clear whether it would match the (original) intent.


Regards,    Martin.

>
>
>Bien cordialement.
>G$BqS(Bard LANG
>
>"L$B_(Bo$B‘(Bil n'y a pas de loi,
>Il y a quand m$BsN(Be la conscience"
>  Publilius Syrus
> (1er si$BoD(Ble avant J.-C.)
>
>-----Message d'origine-----
>De : ietf-languages-bounces@alvestrand.no 
>[mailto:ietf-languages-bounces@alvestrand.no] De la part de John Cowan
>Envoy$Bq(B: vendredi 3 octobre 2008 17:21
>$B%?(B : CE Whitehead
>Cc : ietf-languages@iana.org; ltru@ietf.org
>Objet : Re: [Ltru] Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 15
>
>CE Whitehead scripsit:
>
>> However, "le tresor de la langue francaise" online
>> (http://atilf.atilf.fr/tlf.htm) seems to largely agree with your 
>> definition of "langue" -- as something pertaining to the "tongue" or 
>> to things that remind one of a "tongue" (such as a "the tongue of a 
>> flame")
>
>Etymology is not a key to meaning.  "Verbal communication" is communication 
>in words, and although sign languages don't involve the tongue, they 
>definitely have words.
>
>-- 
>John Cowan    cowan@ccil.org    http://ccil.org/~cowan
>Nobody expects the RESTifarian Inquisition!  Our chief weapon is 
>surprise ... surprise and tedium  ... tedium and surprise ....
>Our two weapons are tedium and surprise ... and ruthless disregard for 
>unpleasant facts....  Our three weapons are tedium, surprise, and ruthless 
>disregard ... and an almost fanatical devotion to Roy Fielding....
>_______________________________________________
>Ietf-languages mailing list
>Ietf-languages@alvestrand.no
>http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/ietf-languages
>_______________________________________________
>Ltru mailing list
>Ltru@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     


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To: Debbie Garside <md@ictmarketing.co.uk>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] [OT] Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
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Debbie Garside scripsit:

> With regard to sign languages, the horse has bolted and the stable
> door is now closed.  They are in ISO 639-3 and will remain (quite
> rightly) so.

The same can be said of the facts of French usage, now that I have a
chance to take a look: there are some 370,000 Google hits for "langue(s)
des signes", and in addition about 2000 hits in Google Scholar, reflecting
learned papers and theses published and accepted by universities in France and
other parts of the Francophonie.  That at least shows that "une langue
des signes" is as good a "langue" as any other, and fully part of "le
langage humain".

-- 
I could dance with you till the cows            John Cowan
come home.  On second thought, I'd              http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
rather dance with the cows when you             cowan@ccil.org
come home.  --Rufus T. Firefly
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] [OT] Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
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To: Lang G=?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCIi4bKEI=?=rard <gerard.lang@insee.fr>,
	"John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>, "CE Whitehead" <cewcathar@hotmail.com>, 
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From: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>
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Cc: ietf-languages@iana.org, ltru@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Ltru] [OT] Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
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Dear Gerard,

At 21:44 08/10/06, Lang G$B".(Brard wrote:
>Dear Martin Duerst,
>
>1- I cannot hide that it is a surprise for me to receive a message, coming 
>from the co-chair of a list whose title is "Language Tag Registry Update" 
>interested in particular in "Tags for Identifying Languages", that is 
>explaining that a discussion about the definition of the term "LANGUAGE" is 
>"off topic" [OT] for this list's members !

[co-chair hat on]

If this is a surprise to you, then this means you are not very familliar
with the IETF process.

First, the core goal of the IETF process is "rough consensus and running code".
Definitions are carefully considered when it is expected that they can contribute
to this goal, but are not a goal in and by itself. For getting more familliar
with the IETF process and culture, I in particular recommend you to read
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4677.

Second, the overall focus of some specification work and the definitions
are usually discussed mostly at the start of some specification work (in my
experience, this is similar in other standards organizations). However, the
work of the LTRU WG on its current charter is reaching its end, at which
time it in general isn't such a good idea to go back to discussing definitions.

Third, the IETF mostly works by looking at actual documents. I have explicitly
asked you to tell us if you have any concrete change proposals for the current
documents (these would be
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17.txt and
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt).

Also, please note that our charter
(http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html)
explicitly includes signed languages as an use case:
>>>>
The working group will examine, and if necessary clarify or adjust,
procedures and guidelines with respect to extended language subtags
and variant subtags. Use cases include the identification of
signed languages, transliterations, and transcriptions.
>>>>


>2- Concerning your "very easy different interpretation", I think that it is 
>based on false premisses about "translation".

[co-chair hat off]

I have done translations myself (not too many, but some). I speak and
read various languages, among them English and French. I know that
translators, like anybody else, are human beings. I know that translations,
like any other human work, are prone to occasional mishaps.


>Like it is the case for United Nations, where all six linguistic versions 
>of an official text have equal validity and power (so that there is no 
>"leading" linguistic version, whose all others would only be translations), 
>so that an ambiguity or interpretation based on one linguistic version can 
>be verified or falsified by inspecting another linguistic version, the same 
>is true concerning ISO standards.

That's fine. Based on this, you may try to claim (although after John's
email showing some 370,000 Google hits for "langue(s) des signes", it
will be difficult) that because the French version uses "langue",
sign languages should be excluded.

However, it still doesn't mean this was the original intent.


> Moreover, the most important ISO standards are not only bilingual, but 
>their published form is a face-$B".(B-face english/french document (not two 
>independant documents
>With an and a french version  english version), so that the equivalence is 
>immediately accessible to everyone and that ambiguity is maintained at the 
>lower possible level and that the fact that no one of the two linguistics 
>version is "leading" is rendered evident.

This is fine, except that "accessible to everyone" obviously has to
read "accessible to everyone who reads both French and English".


>So, it is impossible to consider that the permanent choice of the french 
>word "langue" as an equivalence to the the english word "language" inside 
>ISO 639 could be an error or a misinterpretation.

Why is it impossible? Errors happen.

[By the way, Swiss law is also not only bilingual, but trilingual.
On a first level, all translations are equivalent. But when a court
has to look at an issue, things don't stop there. The actual history
of the translations (was it e.g. from French to German, or from German
to French) and so on is also considered, as well as the record of the
deliberations in parlament, to be able to reconstruct the most precise
interpretation where this is necessary. I guess this is rarely if ever
done in an UN or ISO context, but my guess would be that if a court
had to have a look at some of these things, it might be done, too.]

>The choice of the more 
>precise word "langue" inside ISO 639 is evidently completely voluntary, and 
>perfectly in line with UNGEGN's Manual M 85.
>In particular all three parts of  ISO 3166, as well as ISO 15 924 (2004), 
>ISO 639 (1988), ISO 639-2 (1998), ISO 639-1(2002) and ISO 639-5 (2008) are 
>so bilingually presented. As an interesting matter of fact, ISO 639-3 
>(2007) is the only exception in the ISO 639 series, and this could explain 
>that !.
>
>3-I think that we could act that the "(original) intention" not to cover 
>"Sign languages" inside ISO 639 lasted from 1967 to 2000, that is a long 
>time enough to ensure its coherence. And as the scope of ISO 639-2 (2002) 
>does not seem to have been revised by an official vote of the ISO TC 37 
>national body members, as should be the case to modify such an important 
>interpretation, it is not so evident that ISO 639/RA-JAC decision to add 
>"sgn" inside ISO 639-2 can be fully considered as correct.

[co-chair hat on]

If you want to complain about "sgn", please complain to ISO 639/RA-JAC,
not on this mailing list.

[co-chair hat off]

I think overall, what matters for the interpretation of the definition
in question is not only ethymological considerations ("langue" also
meaning "tongue" in French) or legalistic considerations (ISO defines
both language versions as equivalent, and uses one if the other turns
out to be ambiguous), but also social considerations. My guess is that
when ISO 639 was started (1967), considerations for accessibility issues
was very low, and the question "should we include sign languages or not"
may not even have entered the mind of the people involved. On the other
hand, these days, fortunately people are more sensitive to accessibility
issues. Technology also may have played a part in it; it's much, much more
common that libraries and computers store e.g. video with sign language
than in 1967.

Regards,    Martin.


>Bien cordialement.
>G$B".(Brard LANG  
>
>.
>
>
>-----Message d'origine-----
>De : Martin Duerst [mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp] 
>Envoy$B".(B : lundi 6 octobre 2008 12:10
>$B".(B : Lang G$B".(Brard; John Cowan; CE Whitehead; Lang G$B".(Brard
>Cc : ietf-languages@iana.org; ltru@ietf.org
>Objet : [OT] Re: [Ltru] UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
>
>Dear Gerard,
>
>[co-chair hat on]
>Unless you have a concrete suggestion re. one of the two LTRU documents 
>being worked on, please refrain from cc'ing ltru@ietf.org (or at least mark 
>your postings with [OT] (off topic)). Thanks!
>
>[I'm not responsible for ietf-languages@iana.org.]
>
>See below for a different interpretation re. sign languages.
>
>Regards,    Martin.
>
>At 17:27 08/10/06, Lang G$BqS(Bard wrote:
>>Dear John Cowan,
>
>>5-Coming back to the proper interpretation in french of the english 
>>word "language", I verified that from the beginning (Recommendation ISO 
>>639 [November 1967] "Symbols for Languages, Countries and Authorities// 
>>Indicatifs de LANGUES, de pays et d'autorit$BqT(B", and with strictly no 
>>exception, ISO 639 systematically translated the english word 
>>"Language" by the french word "langue" and not by "langage". This is 
>>also the case for UNGEGN's Manual M58, that never uses the french word 
>"langage".
>>So, I have absolutely no doubt that "langue" is the proper french 
>>interpretation for "Language" inside ISO 639, as the general title of 
>>this standard  and as UNGEGN interpretation both prove.
>>And I maintain that, under this clear interpretation, "Sign languages" 
>>should not be taken inside ISO 639.
>
>[technical hat on]
>
>I think it's very easy to come up with a different interpretation.
>[For the sake of exposition, I'm assuming that the documents were 
>translated from English to French, but much of the stuff below also works 
>in other scenarios.]
>
>When translating from English to French, 'langue' seemed the most obvious 
>and precise term, and the translator simply either forgot about the 
>existence of sign languages or checked the then-current actual list and 
>didn't find any.
>
>The ideal thing to happen when a standard gets translated is that the 
>translation detects some ambiguity. This could have happened in this case, 
>the French translator asking back "Is this supposed to include sign 
>languages or not; I have to know that in order to be able to translate 
>correctly." As a result, there should have been some explicit text saying 
>either that sign languages are included or excluded, which I guess doesn't exist.
>
>I think it's inappropriate, in this case, to conclude from the French 
>translation 'langue' that this excludes sign languages.
>The chance that this translation was in essence the result of an oversight 
>(not to blame the translator; it's essentially an oversight by everybody 
>involved) is in my opinion at least as big, and leads to the (in my 
>opinion) much more desirable result of including sign languages.
>
>
>
>>This is also reinforced by the fact that no "Sign Language" was present 
>>inside the publications of ISO 639 (1988) or ISO 639-2 (1998), or even 
>>ISO
>>639-1 (2002).
>
>That may explain the choice of word by the translator, but doesn't prove 
>any intent of coverage.
>
>>But, a collective "Sign Languages", with alpha-3 code element "sgn" was 
>>added by ISO 639/RA-JAC inside ISO 639-2 on 2000-02-18 only, with no 
>>corresponding alpha-2 code element.
>>This addition does not seem in line with the scope of ISO 639-2, whose  
>>"1 Scope" writes :
>> " This part of ISO 639 provides two sets of three-letter alphabetic 
>>codes for the representation of names of languages, one for TERMINOLOGY
>>applications, and the other    for BIBLIOGRAPHIC applications...."
>>Moreover, ISO 639-5 (2008), that also uses "familles de langues" and 
>>"groupes de langues", recognizes "sgn" as a group of languages, so that 
>>ideally "sgn" should be  suppressed inside ISO 639-2 to be only 
>>mentionned inside ISO 639-5.
>
>I guess ideally, yes, but apparently the need to code sign languages was so 
>strong (at a time when 639-5 didn't exist yet) that the relevant committees 
>ignored this "detail". This may be taken as strong evidence that once the 
>parties involved got aware of sign languages, they really thought they 
>should be covered.
>
>>And in this case, there would be strictly no mention of any form of 
>>"Sign languages" inside ISO 639-1 or ISO 639-2.
>
>That would make the French translation more 'correct' on paper, but it's 
>still not clear whether it would match the (original) intent.
>
>
>Regards,    Martin.
>
>>
>>
>>Bien cordialement.
>>G$BqS(Bard LANG
>>
>>"L$B!&(Bo$B!)(Bil n'y a pas de loi,
>>Il y a quand m$BsN(Be la conscience"
>>  Publilius Syrus
>> (1er si$BoD(Ble avant J.-C.)
>>
>>-----Message d'origine-----
>>De : ietf-languages-bounces@alvestrand.no
>>[mailto:ietf-languages-bounces@alvestrand.no] De la part de John Cowan
>>Envoy$B!&(B: vendredi 3 octobre 2008 17:21
>>$B%?(B : CE Whitehead
>>Cc : ietf-languages@iana.org; ltru@ietf.org Objet : Re: [Ltru] Ltru 
>>Digest, Vol 44, Issue 15
>>
>>CE Whitehead scripsit:
>>
>>> However, "le tresor de la langue francaise" online
>>> (http://atilf.atilf.fr/tlf.htm) seems to largely agree with your 
>>> definition of "langue" -- as something pertaining to the "tongue" or 
>>> to things that remind one of a "tongue" (such as a "the tongue of a
>>> flame")
>>
>>Etymology is not a key to meaning.  "Verbal communication" is 
>>communication in words, and although sign languages don't involve the 
>>tongue, they definitely have words.
>>
>>-- 
>>John Cowan    cowan@ccil.org    http://ccil.org/~cowan
>>Nobody expects the RESTifarian Inquisition!  Our chief weapon is 
>>surprise ... surprise and tedium  ... tedium and surprise ....
>>Our two weapons are tedium and surprise ... and ruthless disregard for 
>>unpleasant facts....  Our three weapons are tedium, surprise, and 
>>ruthless disregard ... and an almost fanatical devotion to Roy Fielding....
>>_______________________________________________
>>Ietf-languages mailing list
>>Ietf-languages@alvestrand.no
>>http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/ietf-languages
>>_______________________________________________
>>Ltru mailing list
>>Ltru@ietf.org
>>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>
>
>#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
>#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp      mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp    


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] [OT] Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
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Summary for Addison:  please note points vii, x (first part).

Lang G=E9rard scripsit:

> -(i)  On page 10, I do not really understand inside" 2.2.1. Primary
> Language Subtag" how works the combination of the first and the third
> paragraph of point 6, that seems to be in contradiction.

The first paragraph refers to the present, the third to the future.
In English we say "if a ... code is added" rather than "if a code ... will
be added".

> The end of the second paragraph of this point 6 is osbcure for me. What
> is in fact expected ? That no more two alpha-3 code element be given
> to the same language name inside ISO 639-2, or that when a new case
> like that occurs no alpha-2 ISO 639-1 code element will be given to
> this language name ?

We expect in fact that ISO 639-1 is a closed set; that no new 2-letter
codes will be created.  An exception would be if a new language were
to be added to 639-1, 639-2, and 639-3 simultaneously: this would be a
language obscure enough to be missed by 639-3, and well-known enough to
require a 639-1 entry.  The only scenario I can foresee requiring such an
action is if dialect drift has been large enough over a long enough time
(probably centuries) that it becomes the scientific consensus that English
or French or Spanish has broken apart into two or more distinct languages.

> -(ii) On page 13, inside "2.2.4. Region Subtag", I understand from the
> meaning of the last phrase of point 2. that "UK"  that is effectively
> one of the (today) 10 alpha-2 ISO 3166-1"exceptionally reserved" code
> element, like "AC", "EU" and "SU", is not to be registered inside
> IANA's Register because GB is already registered.  So that "en-UK"
> is not a possible valid language tag.

You understand correctly.

> -(iii) On page 22, inside "3.1.1. File Format", the last phrase
> describing the representation "2004-06-28" in the Gregorian calendar
> is a direct application of the standard ISO 8601:2004Data elements
> and interchange formats-Information interchange-Representation of
> dates and times, third edition", 2004 that should be mentionned inside
> "9.1 Normative references".

The normative reference is to RFC 3339, which is a profile of ISO 8601.
It is not necessary to understand ISO 8601 to understand RFC 3339.

> -(iv)  On page 28, inside "3.1.7 Prefered Value Field", point 1 that
> writes "ISO 639 language codes that were later withdrawn in favor of
> othres codes.  These values are mostly a historical curiosity. The
> 'he' / 'iw' pairing above is an example of this" is factually false
> (even if this has no reaction on IANA's Registry that only registers
> ISO 639-2T code elements) because ISO 639/RA-JAC decided recently (on
> 2008-06-28) the deprecation of the ISO 639-2B alpha-3 code elements
> for the languages "Croatian" and "Serbian", to be replaced by the
> corresponding ISO 639-2T code elements. So this text must be changed.

There is no claim that *every* withdrawn ISO 639 code appears in the
registry, only that some of them do.  In particular, the 639-2B elements
in question never appeared previously in the Registry, and therefore do
not appear today either.

> -(v) On page 39, inside "3.4 Stability of IANA Registry Entries", clause
> F of point 15 (that seems to be in contradiction with the last phrase
> of clause D of point 4 of 2.2.4., page 14) is absolutely not useful. It
> is now impossible to add a new entry inside ISO 3166-1 without giving
> the three corresponding code elements (alpha-2, alpha-3 and numeric-3)
> to this new entry. In the case, that never occured because "4.1 List"
> of ISO 3166-1 writes "The list of country names in this part of ISO
> 3166 ... is based on the list in the "Standard Country or Area Codes
> for Statisdtical Use" established by the United Nations, that the
> division of statistics of UN would refuse to give a numeric-3 code
> element concerning a new entry that ISO 3166/MA has decided to add
> inside ISO 3166-1, ISO 3166/Ma is authorised to choose a numeric-3
> code element inside the specially reserved 901-999 code list.

This is good news.  However, based on unfortunate past experiences,
BCP 47 is written so as to avoid, as much as possible, dependencies
on particular RA or MA policies such as this.

> -(vi) On page 40, also inside point 15 of 3.4., clause D is similarly
> of no effect. The case that UN M.49 country or area codes exist for
> which there is no corresponding ISO 3166-1 code has no existence. In
> fact, the inverse case exists because old numeric-3 code elements that
> were given in the past by UN M.49 are still utilised by ISO 3166-1
> even if they are  no more effective for UN M.49. This is specioally
> the case for "158" TAIWAN, but also for "074" BOUVET ISLAND and "334"
> HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS.

Same comment.

> -(vii) on page 47, inside "3.6. Possibility of Registration", that
> gives, in fine, the postal adress concerning ISO 3166/MAS should be
> lightly modified by replacing the line: "Case postale 56" by the two
> lines: "1, chemin de la Voie Creuse

Thank you.

> -(viii) On page 59, inside "4.1.2. Using Extended Language Subtag",
> in fine, I completely agree with the first phrase of the last paragraph
> that writes "Sign languages share a mode of communication rather than
> a linguistic heritage" and is directly in linewith my previous messages
> on this point.

That is to say, they are not descended from another in the way that
French and Spanish are descended from Latin.  This is a statement of
fact, not policy; sign languages have been known to arise independently
in different parts of the world, though it is true that (e.g.) American
Sign Language is a descendant of French Sign Language.

> -(ix) On page 66, inside"4.6. Considerations for Private Use Subtag",
> the paragraph concerning user-reserved ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code elements
> should be enriched by adding that "Article 8.2.of ISO 3166-1 considers
> essential that all user should notify to ISO 3166/MA every occurrence
> of their intentions concerning user-assigned code elements, so as to
> coordinate such uses and to avoid that two differents alpha-2 code
> elements be choosen by two different users for the same "country name"
> in the same domain of use.
> =

> For example, there is today no entry and no reserved code element inside
> ISO 3166-1 concerning the country name "KOSOVO". But, as the European
> Union notified the use of the user-reserved alpha-2 code element "XK",
> ISO 3166/MA is stongly recommanding to use "XK" when representation
> of the country name "KOSOVO" is needed.

As a matter of implicit policy we abstain from such statements about
private-use codes.  They who use them in interchange do so entirely at
their own risk.

> -(x) On page 77, inside "9.1. Normative References",  dates concerning
> ISO 639-1 should be precised "July 2002", idem for ISO 639-2 "October
> 1998, for ISO 639-3 "February 2007" and ISO 646 "December 1991".

Thank you.

> ISO 8601 should be added, see (iii).

See my reply to (iii).

> I would also advocate for the addition of ISO 3166-2 :2007. Codes for
> the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions--Part 2:
> Country subdivision code", December 2007.

3166-2 codes are not used in BCP 47.  A normative reference implies
that understanding of the referent is needed to understand BCP 47 fully,
which is not the case for 3166-2.

> -(xi) On page 79, inside "9.2. Informative References", I would like
> to add "Glossary of Terms for the Standardization of Geographical
> Names"--United Nations Group of Experts for Geographical
> Names--Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social
> Affairs--Manual M85--New York, May 2002.

"Je ne vois pas la n=E9cessit=E9."  --Talleyrand

> 2.2 In fact, I am completely prepared to admit that "political
> correctness" has gradually pushed "scientific progress" and ISO
> 639/RA-JAC to recognize  "Sign languages", that were not initially
> intended to be covered,  as possible entries inside ISO 639-3 and ISO
> 639-5 and pseudo-linguistic entities. So we observe in french languge
> a shift from "langage des signes", that was historically the only way
> to translate "Sign languages" until recently, to "langue des signes"
> that became much more politically correct.  But, please, it is not
> necessary to rewrite history for this.

[OT] I should characterize this as scientific rather than political
correctness.  Speaking of "le langage des signes", which I should
translate as "human gestural communication", covers such things as
nodding or shaking the head to symbolize yes or no, or gestures to add
emphasis to the spoken voice such as pointed fingers or shaken fists.
These things are utterly distinct from Deaf sign languages.

It was in fact a scientific discovery that the communication systems of
the Deaf were not only an example of "le langage des signes", but were
also "langues" in their own right, with their own phonologies, syntaxes,
vocabularies, and semantics.

As for the derivation of "langue", it is as true in linguistics as
in biology that the historical origin of a feature does not dictate
its current utility: the bones of the mammalian middle ear (malleus,
incus, stapes) were parts of the jaw in the reptilian ancestors, but
now used to hear rather than to chew; and although _chef_ in French
derives from Latin _caput_ 'head [of the body]', it would be entirely
incorrect to use _chef_ instead of _t=EAte_ (from Latin _testa_ 'pot')
to mean 'head' today.  Such changes are always going on, and if "langue"
now covers languages that do not require a tongue to speak, it is neither
surprising nor inaccurate.

-- =

John Cowan    cowan@ccil.org    http://ccil.org/~cowan
Half the lies they tell about me are true.
        --Tallulah Bankhead, American actress
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2008 16:16:26 -0700
Thread-Topic: [OT] ISO 3166 private-use code elements
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] [OT] ISO 3166 private-use code elements
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Peter Constable scripsit:

> Btw, wrt this item from the 3166 FAQ, "What is the code for global,
> worldwide or unknown in ISO 3166-1?" it is really unfortunate that
> ISO 3166 is not more responsive to common user needs by coding such
> entities.

Fortunately we have a subtag for global/worldwide, from M.49, namely
'001'.  Unknown can be handled by omission.

-- 
What has four pairs of pants, lives             John Cowan
in Philadelphia, and it never rains             http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
but it pours?                                   cowan@ccil.org
        --Rufus T. Firefly
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Thread-Topic: [Ltru] [OT] Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Oct  7 21:42:05 2008
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From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> John Cowan <cowan at ccil dot org> wrote one of those responses that 
> makes me wish I could write that well.  Clumsily worded addenda follow.

See the .sig.

> I do worry that the MA will bow to political pressure and register 
> "Macedonian" in this way, just as was done with "Serbian" and "Croatian" 
> and "Bosnian."  I hope my worries are unfounded.

Mmm, you're probably right.

> >The normative reference is to RFC 3339, which is a profile of ISO 
> >8601.  It is not necessary to understand ISO 8601 to understand RFC 
> >3339.
> 
> In fact, in theory we could probably say "in year-month-day format, 
> separated by hyphens" and be done with it.  

There isn't, but it's useful to reassure people that they may use their
RFC 3336- or ISO 8601-compliant routines to read our dates.

> I don't think there's any real harm in reminding people who want to 
> create subtags in the private-use space that the MA wants to know what 
> code elements they chose.

Okay with me, then.  Addison?

-- 
John Cowan                                <cowan@ccil.org>
Yakka foob mog.  Grug pubbawup zink wattoom gazork.  Chumble spuzz.
    --Calvin, giving Newton's First Law "in his own words"

Don't be so humble.  You're not that great.             John Cowan
        --Golda Meir                                    cowan@ccil.org
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> >
> > In fact, in theory we could probably say "in year-month-day
> format,
> > separated by hyphens" and be done with it.
> 
> There isn't, but it's useful to reassure people that they may use
> their
> RFC 3336- or ISO 8601-compliant routines to read our dates.

(editor hat OFF)

I agree. We reference the relevant RFC, which includes the relevant ISO standard bits. That's a good thing.

> 
> > I don't think there's any real harm in reminding people who want
> to
> > create subtags in the private-use space that the MA wants to know
> what
> > code elements they chose.
> 
> Okay with me, then.  Addison?

(editor hat OFF)

I don't agree. We have plenty of text as it is. We don't need to include lots of cruft on behalf of the MA. In practice, we clearly and effectively say that private use is typically a Bad Idea anyway. I especially think it is true of region codes.

Addison
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Dear All,

1-Let me stress that I have, in fact, no "strenuous objection" with the rec=
ent "discover" that "langage des signes" became "langue des signes". But I =
have very strenuous objection about rewriting history and do not understand=
 the strenuous resistance to the establishment of  history. I agree without=
 problem that in the past decade "scientific progress" admitted that "Sign =
languages" could be assimilated to "languages"
and registered inside ISO 639-3. But I want to be clearly understood that t=
his was not in the intended scope of ISO 639 (and of ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-=
2) until 2000.
And I cannot prevent me to think that this "discover" is not completely ind=
ependant of "political correctness".

2-As "codification of the representation of names of countries names and th=
eir subdivisions" is also clearly not independant from "political pressure"=
, ISO 3166 has its share of pressure. So that, to give an example, we accep=
ted the request of ROMANIA to change their alpha-3 code element from "ROM" =
to "ROU".

3-But this is also the case for "codification of the representation of name=
s of languages"
For example, the deprecation of Serbo-Croat, that was clearly considered as=
 a plain language and so coded (sh) inside ISO 639 (1988), as well as Maced=
onian (mk),
Serbian (sr) and Croatian (hr), followed by the deprecation of the alpha-3 =
ISO 639-2/B code elements for Croatian and Serbian (because "scc" and "scr"=
 were clearly intended to represent Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic and Serbo-Croat=
ian Roman), can certainly not be considered as independant of political con=
siderations.
This is also the case for the addition of "Letzeburgesh" (lb,ltz) or "Bosni=
an" (bs,bos); this would also be the case for the language name "Montenegri=
n" that is now recognized as the official language of MONTENEGRO (Maybe you=
 were thinking to Montenegrin when you wrote Macedonian ?) and is certainly=
 a new "language name" covered by ISO 639..

Cordialement.
G=E9rard LANG

-----Message d'origine-----
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=C0 : ltru@ietf.org
Objet : Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 24

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e: Contents of Ltru digest..."


Today's Topics:

   1. [OT] ISO 3166 private-use code elements (Peter Constable)
   2. Re: [OT] ISO 3166 private-use code elements (John Cowan)
   3. Re: [OT] Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
      (Peter Constable)
   4. Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms (Doug Ewell)
   5. Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms (John Cowan)
   6. Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
      (Phillips, Addison)
   7. Re: [OT] Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
      (Lang G?rard)


----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2008 16:16:26 -0700
From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
Subject: [Ltru] [OT] ISO 3166 private-use code elements
To: "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID:
	<DDB6DE6E9D27DD478AE6D1BBBB835795633D88E0F6@NA-EXMSG-C117.redmond.corp.mic=
rosoft.com>
	=

Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3D"utf-8"

From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Lan=
g G?rard

> -(ix) On page 66, inside"4.6. Considerations for Private Use Subtag", =

> the paragraph concerning user-reserved ISO 3166-1
> alpha-2 code elements should be enriched by adding that "Article =

> 8.2.of ISO 3166-1 considers essential that all user should notify to =

> ISO 3166/MA every occurrence of their intentions concerning =

> user-assigned code elements, so as to coordinate such uses and to =

> avoid that two differents alpha-2 code elements be choosen by two =

> different users for the same "country name" in the same domain of use.
> For example, there is today no entry and no reserved code element =

> inside ISO 3166-1 concerning the country name "KOSOVO".
> But, as the European Union notified the use of the user- reserved =

> alpha-2 code element "XK", ISO 3166/MA is stongly recommanding to use =

> "XK" when representation of the country name "KOSOVO" is needed.

I don't understand the intent here. It seems as though the ISO 3166/MA is t=
rying to support interoperability by means of user-defined code elements. T=
hat seems like an oxymoron. By definition, interoperability is not ensured =
by user-defined code elements. Wouldn't be better if whatever region entiti=
es that users need interoperable code elements for could be registered?

If the MA is attempting to support users by documenting user-defined usage,=
 then surely that would be a lot more useful if it were easy to find out ab=
out this. Yet I can't find any reference to this on the ISO 3166 site.

Btw, wrt this item from the 3166 FAQ, "What is the code for global, worldwi=
de or unknown in ISO 3166-1?" it is really unfortunate that ISO 3166 is not=
 more responsive to common user needs by coding such entities.



Peter

------------------------------

Message: 2
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2008 19:19:32 -0400
From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] [OT] ISO 3166 private-use code elements
To: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
Cc: "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <20081007231931.GS10223@mercury.ccil.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3Dus-ascii

Peter Constable scripsit:

> Btw, wrt this item from the 3166 FAQ, "What is the code for global, =

> worldwide or unknown in ISO 3166-1?" it is really unfortunate that ISO =

> 3166 is not more responsive to common user needs by coding such =

> entities.

Fortunately we have a subtag for global/worldwide, from M.49, namely '001'.=
  Unknown can be handled by omission.

-- =

What has four pairs of pants, lives             John Cowan
in Philadelphia, and it never rains             http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
but it pours?                                   cowan@ccil.org
        --Rufus T. Firefly


------------------------------

Message: 3
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2008 17:01:38 -0700
From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] [OT] Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary
	of terms
To: "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID:
	<DDB6DE6E9D27DD478AE6D1BBBB835795633D88E169@NA-EXMSG-C117.redmond.corp.mic=
rosoft.com>
	=

Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3D"utf-8"

From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Lan=
g G?rard

> 2.  I have no problem to agree with your opinion about translation...

> 2.1 But I must insist that we are not here (langue/langage) with a =

> translation problem, because when ISO TC 37 (then " Terminology =

> (principles and coordination"), that is co- responsible with ISO TC 46 =

> ("Information and Documentation") of the series ISO 639 [and i am the =

> liaison officer from ISO TC 46 to ISDO TC 37], had a plenary meeting =

> in Paris in
> 2004-08-23/27 I made an short remark on this point that "langue" did =

> not cover "Sign languages" and nobody refuted this remark or said that =

> the original intent was "langage".

There is no question that the intent of ISO TC 37 SC 2 or the ISO 639-RA/JA=
C that signed languages are considered in scope for ISO 639. This is explic=
itly clear in ISO 639-3, clause 4.2.1:

"In this part of ISO 639, most identifiers are assumed to denote distinct i=
ndividual languages. Furthermore, it is a goal for this part of ISO 639 to =
provide an identifier for every distinct human language that has been docum=
ented, whether living or extinct, and whether its primary modality is spoke=
n, written or signed."

Also, ISO/DIS 639-4 makes clear that "language" is considered any mode of l=
inguistic expression:

"3.6
language
systematic use of sounds, characters, symbols or signs to express or commun=
icate meaning or a message"

"9.2.2.2 Linguistic Information
? mode of communication =3D [spoken or written or signed]; "



> 2.2 In fact, I am completely prepared to admit that "political =

> correctness" has gradually pushed "scientific progress" and ISO =

> 639/RA-JAC to recognize  "Sign languages", that were not initially =

> intended to be covered,  as possible entries inside ISO 639-3 and ISO =

> 639-5 and pseudo-linguistic entities.

This is not just a matter of political correctness. Signed languages are la=
nguages.


Peter

------------------------------

Message: 4
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2008 21:42:19 -0600
From: "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <016C86B62DBF4895A7873B231C416F5F@DGBP7M81>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=3Dflowed; charset=3D"utf-8";
	reply-type=3Doriginal

John Cowan <cowan at ccil dot org> wrote one of those responses that makes =
me wish I could write that well.  Clumsily worded addenda follow.

> We expect in fact that ISO 639-1 is a closed set; that no new 2-letter =

> codes will be created.  An exception would be if a new language were =

> to be added to 639-1, 639-2, and 639-3 simultaneously: this would be a =

> language obscure enough to be missed by 639-3, and well-known enough =

> to require a 639-1 entry.  The only scenario I can foresee requiring =

> such an action is if dialect drift has been large enough over a long =

> enough time (probably centuries) that it becomes the scientific =

> consensus that English or French or Spanish has broken apart into two =

> or more distinct languages.

I do worry that the MA will bow to political pressure and register "Macedon=
ian" in this way, just as was done with "Serbian" and "Croatian" =

and "Bosnian."  I hope my worries are unfounded.

>> -(iii) On page 22, inside "3.1.1. File Format", the last phrase =

>> describing the representation "2004-06-28" in the Gregorian calendar =

>> is a direct application of the standard ISO 8601:2004Data elements =

>> and interchange formats-Information interchange-Representation of =

>> dates and times, third edition", 2004 that should be mentionned =

>> inside "9.1 Normative references".
>
> The normative reference is to RFC 3339, which is a profile of ISO =

> 8601.  It is not necessary to understand ISO 8601 to understand RFC =

> 3339.

In fact, in theory we could probably say "in year-month-day format, separat=
ed by hyphens" and be done with it.  There shouldn't be any IPR on the form=
at.

Using RFCs as references to other RFCs is often a cleaner solution than usi=
ng equivalent ISO standards, because of the guarantee that the entire spec =
is freely available (as in both speech and beer).  And for our
*very* limited purposes, RFC 3339 is equivalent to ISO 8601.

>> -(ix) On page 66, inside"4.6. Considerations for Private Use Subtag", =

>> the paragraph concerning user-reserved ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code =

>> elements should be enriched by adding that "Article 8.2.of ISO 3166-1 =

>> considers essential that all user should notify to ISO 3166/MA every =

>> occurrence of their intentions concerning user-assigned code =

>> elements, so as to coordinate such uses and to avoid that two =

>> differents alpha-2 code elements be choosen by two different users =

>> for the same "country name" in the same domain of use.
>>
>> For example, there is today no entry and no reserved code element =

>> inside ISO 3166-1 concerning the country name "KOSOVO". But, as the =

>> European Union notified the use of the user-reserved alpha-2 code =

>> element "XK", ISO 3166/MA is stongly recommanding to use "XK" when =

>> representation of the country name "KOSOVO" is needed.
>
> As a matter of implicit policy we abstain from such statements about =

> private-use codes.  They who use them in interchange do so entirely at =

> their own risk.

I don't think there's any real harm in reminding people who want to create =
subtags in the private-use space that the MA wants to know what code elemen=
ts they chose.

I do, however, agree that we should not echo back the MA's "strong recommen=
dations," as users have a tendency to equate those with formally assigned c=
ode elements (which is kind of how we got involved with "exceptionally rese=
rved" code elements).

>> I would also advocate for the addition of ISO 3166-2 :2007. Codes for =

>> the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions--Part
>> 2: Country subdivision code", December 2007.
>
> 3166-2 codes are not used in BCP 47.  A normative reference implies =

> that understanding of the referent is needed to understand BCP 47 =

> fully, which is not the case for 3166-2.

It should not even be an informative reference, since neither BCP 47 nor th=
e Registry mentions informatively, or even alludes to, ISO 3166-2.

For reasons that have been outlined here before, ISO 3166-2 -- as useful as=
 it is in other contexts -- is not appropriate for BCP 47 language tagging.=
  Slipping a new entry into the References section will not change this.

>> -(xi) On page 79, inside "9.2. Informative References", I would like =

>> to add "Glossary of Terms for the Standardization of Geographical =

>> Names"--United Nations Group of Experts for Geographical =

>> Names--Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social =

>> Affairs--Manual M85--New York, May 2002.
>
> "Je ne vois pas la n?cessit?."  --Talleyrand

Since we don't formalize the use of UNGEGN terminology, the only thing this=
 reference would accomplish would be to cause IETF Last Call reviewers to a=
sk why it was added.

>> 2.2 In fact, I am completely prepared to admit that "political =

>> correctness" has gradually pushed "scientific progress" and ISO =

>> 639/RA-JAC to recognize  "Sign languages", that were not initially =

>> intended to be covered,  as possible entries inside ISO 639-3 and ISO
>> 639-5 and pseudo-linguistic entities. So we observe in french languge =

>> a shift from "langage des signes", that was historically the only way =

>> to translate "Sign languages" until recently, to "langue des signes"
>> that became much more politically correct.  But, please, it is not =

>> necessary to rewrite history for this.

I wonder what has caused G?rard to object so strenuously to the encoding of=
 sign languages in ISO 639.  Somehow I doubt it is just the origins of "lan=
gue" and "langage."

--
Doug Ewell  *  Thornton, Colorado, USA  *  RFC 4645  *  UTN #14 http://www.=
ewellic.org http://www1.ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/ietf-languages  ?



------------------------------

Message: 5
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 00:42:43 -0400
From: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
To: Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <20081008044243.GA23458@mercury.ccil.org>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3Dus-ascii

Doug Ewell scripsit:

> John Cowan <cowan at ccil dot org> wrote one of those responses that =

> makes me wish I could write that well.  Clumsily worded addenda follow.

See the .sig.

> I do worry that the MA will bow to political pressure and register =

> "Macedonian" in this way, just as was done with "Serbian" and "Croatian"
> and "Bosnian."  I hope my worries are unfounded.

Mmm, you're probably right.

> >The normative reference is to RFC 3339, which is a profile of ISO =

> >8601.  It is not necessary to understand ISO 8601 to understand RFC =

> >3339.
> =

> In fact, in theory we could probably say "in year-month-day format, =

> separated by hyphens" and be done with it.

There isn't, but it's useful to reassure people that they may use their RFC=
 3336- or ISO 8601-compliant routines to read our dates.

> I don't think there's any real harm in reminding people who want to =

> create subtags in the private-use space that the MA wants to know what =

> code elements they chose.

Okay with me, then.  Addison?

-- =

John Cowan                                <cowan@ccil.org>
Yakka foob mog.  Grug pubbawup zink wattoom gazork.  Chumble spuzz.
    --Calvin, giving Newton's First Law "in his own words"

Don't be so humble.  You're not that great.             John Cowan
        --Golda Meir                                    cowan@ccil.org


------------------------------

Message: 6
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2008 22:47:58 -0700
From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID:
	<4D25F22093241741BC1D0EEBC2DBB1DA014EBA6B24@EX-SEA5-D.ant.amazon.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3D"utf-8"

> >
> > In fact, in theory we could probably say "in year-month-day
> format,
> > separated by hyphens" and be done with it.
> =

> There isn't, but it's useful to reassure people that they may use =

> their RFC 3336- or ISO 8601-compliant routines to read our dates.

(editor hat OFF)

I agree. We reference the relevant RFC, which includes the relevant ISO sta=
ndard bits. That's a good thing.

> =

> > I don't think there's any real harm in reminding people who want
> to
> > create subtags in the private-use space that the MA wants to know
> what
> > code elements they chose.
> =

> Okay with me, then.  Addison?

(editor hat OFF)

I don't agree. We have plenty of text as it is. We don't need to include lo=
ts of cruft on behalf of the MA. In practice, we clearly and effectively sa=
y that private use is typically a Bad Idea anyway. I especially think it is=
 true of region codes.

Addison

------------------------------

Message: 7
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 08:00:15 +0200
From: Lang G?rard <gerard.lang@insee.fr>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] [OT] Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary
	of terms
To: "John Cowan" <cowan@ccil.org>, Lang G?rard <gerard.lang@insee.fr>
Cc: ltru@ietf.org, CE Whitehead <cewcathar@hotmail.com>
Message-ID:
	<68723E6B2E0EDC4999504D17DDE8F94904AD07E5@S90X2HUB1.ad.insee.intra>
Content-Type: text/plain;	charset=3D"windows-1258"

Dear John Cowan,
 Concerning your last remark, what about "Couvre-chef " or even "Chef-d'?uv=
re" ? =

Bien cordialement.
G?rard LANG

-----Message d'origine-----
De : John Cowan [mailto:cowan@ccil.org] Envoy? : mardi 7 octobre 2008 19:25=
 ? : Lang G?rard Cc : Martin Duerst; John Cowan; CE Whitehead; ltru@ietf.or=
g Objet : Re: [OT] Re: [Ltru] UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of te=
rms

Summary for Addison:  please note points vii, x (first part).

Lang G?rard scripsit:

> -(i)  On page 10, I do not really understand inside" 2.2.1. Primary =

> Language Subtag" how works the combination of the first and the third =

> paragraph of point 6, that seems to be in contradiction.

The first paragraph refers to the present, the third to the future.
In English we say "if a ... code is added" rather than "if a code ... will =
be added".

> The end of the second paragraph of this point 6 is osbcure for me. =

> What is in fact expected ? That no more two alpha-3 code element be =

> given to the same language name inside ISO 639-2, or that when a new =

> case like that occurs no alpha-2 ISO 639-1 code element will be given =

> to this language name ?

We expect in fact that ISO 639-1 is a closed set; that no new 2-letter code=
s will be created.  An exception would be if a new language were to be adde=
d to 639-1, 639-2, and 639-3 simultaneously: this would be a language obscu=
re enough to be missed by 639-3, and well-known enough to require a 639-1 e=
ntry.  The only scenario I can foresee requiring such an action is if diale=
ct drift has been large enough over a long enough time (probably centuries)=
 that it becomes the scientific consensus that English or French or Spanish=
 has broken apart into two or more distinct languages.

> -(ii) On page 13, inside "2.2.4. Region Subtag", I understand from the =

> meaning of the last phrase of point 2. that "UK"  that is effectively =

> one of the (today) 10 alpha-2 ISO 3166-1"exceptionally reserved" code =

> element, like "AC", "EU" and "SU", is not to be registered inside =

> IANA's Register because GB is already registered.  So that "en-UK"
> is not a possible valid language tag.

You understand correctly.

> -(iii) On page 22, inside "3.1.1. File Format", the last phrase =

> describing the representation "2004-06-28" in the Gregorian calendar =

> is a direct application of the standard ISO 8601:2004Data elements and =

> interchange formats-Information interchange-Representation of dates =

> and times, third edition", 2004 that should be mentionned inside
> "9.1 Normative references".

The normative reference is to RFC 3339, which is a profile of ISO 8601.
It is not necessary to understand ISO 8601 to understand RFC 3339.

> -(iv)  On page 28, inside "3.1.7 Prefered Value Field", point 1 that =

> writes "ISO 639 language codes that were later withdrawn in favor of =

> othres codes.  These values are mostly a historical curiosity. The =

> 'he' / 'iw' pairing above is an example of this" is factually false =

> (even if this has no reaction on IANA's Registry that only registers =

> ISO 639-2T code elements) because ISO 639/RA-JAC decided recently (on
> 2008-06-28) the deprecation of the ISO 639-2B alpha-3 code elements =

> for the languages "Croatian" and "Serbian", to be replaced by the =

> corresponding ISO 639-2T code elements. So this text must be changed.

There is no claim that *every* withdrawn ISO 639 code appears in the regist=
ry, only that some of them do.  In particular, the 639-2B elements in quest=
ion never appeared previously in the Registry, and therefore do not appear =
today either.

> -(v) On page 39, inside "3.4 Stability of IANA Registry Entries", =

> clause F of point 15 (that seems to be in contradiction with the last =

> phrase of clause D of point 4 of 2.2.4., page 14) is absolutely not =

> useful. It is now impossible to add a new entry inside ISO 3166-1 =

> without giving the three corresponding code elements (alpha-2, alpha-3 =

> and numeric-3) to this new entry. In the case, that never occured because=
 "4.1 List"
> of ISO 3166-1 writes "The list of country names in this part of ISO
> 3166 ... is based on the list in the "Standard Country or Area Codes =

> for Statisdtical Use" established by the United Nations, that the =

> division of statistics of UN would refuse to give a numeric-3 code =

> element concerning a new entry that ISO 3166/MA has decided to add =

> inside ISO 3166-1, ISO 3166/Ma is authorised to choose a numeric-3 =

> code element inside the specially reserved 901-999 code list.

This is good news.  However, based on unfortunate past experiences, BCP 47 =
is written so as to avoid, as much as possible, dependencies on particular =
RA or MA policies such as this.

> -(vi) On page 40, also inside point 15 of 3.4., clause D is similarly =

> of no effect. The case that UN M.49 country or area codes exist for =

> which there is no corresponding ISO 3166-1 code has no existence. In =

> fact, the inverse case exists because old numeric-3 code elements that =

> were given in the past by UN M.49 are still utilised by ISO 3166-1 =

> even if they are  no more effective for UN M.49. This is specioally =

> the case for "158" TAIWAN, but also for "074" BOUVET ISLAND and "334"
> HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS.

Same comment.

> -(vii) on page 47, inside "3.6. Possibility of Registration", that =

> gives, in fine, the postal adress concerning ISO 3166/MAS should be =

> lightly modified by replacing the line: "Case postale 56" by the two
> lines: "1, chemin de la Voie Creuse

Thank you.

> -(viii) On page 59, inside "4.1.2. Using Extended Language Subtag", in =

> fine, I completely agree with the first phrase of the last paragraph =

> that writes "Sign languages share a mode of communication rather than =

> a linguistic heritage" and is directly in linewith my previous =

> messages on this point.

That is to say, they are not descended from another in the way that French =
and Spanish are descended from Latin.  This is a statement of fact, not pol=
icy; sign languages have been known to arise independently in different par=
ts of the world, though it is true that (e.g.) American Sign Language is a =
descendant of French Sign Language.

> -(ix) On page 66, inside"4.6. Considerations for Private Use Subtag", =

> the paragraph concerning user-reserved ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code =

> elements should be enriched by adding that "Article 8.2.of ISO 3166-1 =

> considers essential that all user should notify to ISO 3166/MA every =

> occurrence of their intentions concerning user-assigned code elements, =

> so as to coordinate such uses and to avoid that two differents alpha-2 =

> code elements be choosen by two different users for the same "country nam=
e"
> in the same domain of use.
> =

> For example, there is today no entry and no reserved code element =

> inside ISO 3166-1 concerning the country name "KOSOVO". But, as the =

> European Union notified the use of the user-reserved alpha-2 code =

> element "XK", ISO 3166/MA is stongly recommanding to use "XK" when =

> representation of the country name "KOSOVO" is needed.

As a matter of implicit policy we abstain from such statements about privat=
e-use codes.  They who use them in interchange do so entirely at their own =
risk.

> -(x) On page 77, inside "9.1. Normative References",  dates concerning =

> ISO 639-1 should be precised "July 2002", idem for ISO 639-2 "October =

> 1998, for ISO 639-3 "February 2007" and ISO 646 "December 1991".

Thank you.

> ISO 8601 should be added, see (iii).

See my reply to (iii).

> I would also advocate for the addition of ISO 3166-2 :2007. Codes for =

> the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions--Part 2:
> Country subdivision code", December 2007.

3166-2 codes are not used in BCP 47.  A normative reference implies that un=
derstanding of the referent is needed to understand BCP 47 fully, which is =
not the case for 3166-2.

> -(xi) On page 79, inside "9.2. Informative References", I would like =

> to add "Glossary of Terms for the Standardization of Geographical =

> Names"--United Nations Group of Experts for Geographical =

> Names--Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social =

> Affairs--Manual M85--New York, May 2002.

"Je ne vois pas la n?cessit?."  --Talleyrand

> 2.2 In fact, I am completely prepared to admit that "political =

> correctness" has gradually pushed "scientific progress" and ISO =

> 639/RA-JAC to recognize  "Sign languages", that were not initially =

> intended to be covered,  as possible entries inside ISO 639-3 and ISO
> 639-5 and pseudo-linguistic entities. So we observe in french languge =

> a shift from "langage des signes", that was historically the only way =

> to translate "Sign languages" until recently, to "langue des signes"
> that became much more politically correct.  But, please, it is not =

> necessary to rewrite history for this.

[OT] I should characterize this as scientific rather than political correct=
ness.  Speaking of "le langage des signes", which I should translate as "hu=
man gestural communication", covers such things as nodding or shaking the h=
ead to symbolize yes or no, or gestures to add emphasis to the spoken voice=
 such as pointed fingers or shaken fists.
These things are utterly distinct from Deaf sign languages.

It was in fact a scientific discovery that the communication systems of the=
 Deaf were not only an example of "le langage des signes", but were also "l=
angues" in their own right, with their own phonologies, syntaxes, vocabular=
ies, and semantics.

As for the derivation of "langue", it is as true in linguistics as in biolo=
gy that the historical origin of a feature does not dictate its current uti=
lity: the bones of the mammalian middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes) were p=
arts of the jaw in the reptilian ancestors, but now used to hear rather tha=
n to chew; and although _chef_ in French derives from Latin _caput_ 'head [=
of the body]', it would be entirely incorrect to use _chef_ instead of _t?t=
e_ (from Latin _testa_ 'pot') to mean 'head' today.  Such changes are alway=
s going on, and if "langue"
now covers languages that do not require a tongue to speak, it is neither s=
urprising nor inaccurate.

-- =

John Cowan    cowan@ccil.org    http://ccil.org/~cowan
Half the lies they tell about me are true.
        --Tallulah Bankhead, American actress


------------------------------

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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 08:41:21 -0700
Thread-Topic: Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 24
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From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Lan=
g G=E9rard

> 1-Let me stress that I have, in fact, no "strenuous objection"
> with the recent "discover" that "langage des signes" became
> "langue des signes". But I have very strenuous objection about
> rewriting history and do not understand the strenuous
> resistance to the establishment of  history. I agree without
> problem that in the past decade "scientific progress" admitted
> that "Sign languages" could be assimilated to "languages"
> and registered inside ISO 639-3. But I want to be clearly
> understood that this was not in the intended scope of ISO 639
> (and of ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-2) until 2000.

What is the ultimate point of this argument about history? Suppose we all a=
gree that the creators of the original ISO 639 standard did not intend sign=
ed languages to be within the scope of that standard. So what? What bearing=
 does that have on the work of this working group? (None whatsoever that I =
can see.)


> And I cannot prevent me to think that this "discover" is not
> completely independant of "political correctness".

Call it "political correctness" if you like. In practical terms -- which I =
think is all that this WG cares about in this case -- there are real needs =
to provide language tags for signed-language content, ISO 639-x currently p=
rovides identifiers that are useful for that purpose, and the WG intends to=
 make use of those to accommodate those needs in RFC 4646bis.



Peter

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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Lang_G=E9rard?= <gerard.lang@insee.fr>
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	"Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>
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Subject: [Ltru] Scope of ISO 3166//// Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 26
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Dear Doug,

Let me thank you for this message.

Concerning the link between the title "Codes for the representation of name=
s of countries" and the scope of ISO 3166[-1], I would say that there never=
 was any ambiguity for people that take the time to read the normative text=
 of the standard.

1-The first edition (1974) contains article "3 PRINCIPLES FOR THE ENTITY LI=
ST" , whose 3.1 writes:
 "The list includes entities intended to satisfy the requirements of the br=
oadest range of applications. The entities appearing in sections one and tw=
o of this International standard are based on the list included in the "Cou=
ntry Nomenclature for Statistical Use" established by the Statistical Offic=
e of the United Nations.":;
And 3.2 adds "In order to satisfy various interchange requirements, the lis=
t contains overlaps and the entities listed are not mutually exclusive."
3.4 also writes "Entities listed are intended to rerflect current status. H=
istorical statusd is not reflected in this International Standard."

So, it was clear from the beginning that ISO 3166[-1] was registering overl=
apping entities, so that some of them coud certainly not be considered as "=
independant countries"

2-The second edition (1981) clarified still this point and contains article=
 "1 Scope and field of application", whose first paragraph writes:
"This International Standard provides basic two-letter alphabetic codes (IS=
O alpha-2 coutry code), three-letter codes (ISO alpha-3 country code) for s=
pecial,purposes and three-digit numerical codes (ISO numeric-3 country code=
) established by the Statistical Office of the United Nations. The codes re=
present the names of countries, dependancies and other areas of special int=
erest for purposes of international exchanges...."
Further more, inside "3 Principles for the entity list", 3.2 writes:
"The list contains overlaps in those cases where entities are geographicall=
y separated from their main entity and where a resulting interchange requir=
emzent justifies a separate code; the entities are not mutually exclusive.
Example: FRANCE, FR, FRA, 250;
MARTINIQUE, MQ, MTQ,474."

3-From 1997, when ISO 3166 is splitted into three parts,  the common Introd=
uction of the three parts of the 3166 standard, as in ISO 3166-1:1997, fift=
h edition, and in ISO 3166-1: 2007, sixth edition, writes:
"International Standard ISO 3166 provides universally applicable coded repr=
esentations of names of countries (current and non-current), dependancies a=
ndother areas of particular geopolitical interest and their subdivision.

ISO 3166-1 (Country codes) establishes codes that represent the current nam=
es of countries, dependancies, and other areas of partcular geopolitical in=
terest, on the basis of lists of country names obtained from the United Nat=
ions.
.........."
Amicalement.
G=E9rard LANG
  .
-----Message d'origine-----
De : ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] De la part de ltr=
u-request@ietf.org
Envoy=E9 : mercredi 8 octobre 2008 21:00
=C0 : ltru@ietf.org
Objet : Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 26

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Today's Topics:

   1. Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms (Doug Ewell)
   2. Re: UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms (Doug Ewell)
   3. Re: Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 24 (Peter Constable)


----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 06:59:26 -0600
From: "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <345F951A79B6473CBF21BF37BC584FED@DGBP7M81>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=3Dflowed; charset=3D"utf-8";
	reply-type=3Doriginal

Lang G?rard <gerard dot lang at insee dot fr> wrote:

> 1-Let me stress that I have, in fact, no "strenuous objection" with =

> the recent "discover" that "langage des signes" became "langue des =

> signes". But I have very strenuous objection about rewriting history =

> and do not understand the strenuous resistance to the establishment of =

> history. I agree without problem that in the past decade "scientific =

> progress" admitted that "Sign languages" could be assimilated to =

> "languages"
> and registered inside ISO 639-3.

Coding standards, and lists of entities coded to the standard, tend to make=
 poor history books.  Their main purpose is to keep up with changing situat=
ions and current needs.  If this was indeed a change in scope for ISO 639, =
I suggest that looking at it as "rewriting history" is not the correct appr=
oach.

Standards do sometimes expand beyond the scope implied by the original titl=
e, as the needs of their users change.  You no doubt understand this from y=
our work with ISO 3166, which includes code elements for the names of such =
non-country entities as Greenland and British Indian Ocean Territory.  I wo=
uld consider it wholly inappropriate to criticize ISO
3166 for trying to "rewrite history" by claiming that these entities are co=
untries.

> But I want to be clearly understood that this was not in the intended =

> scope of ISO 639 (and of ISO 639-1 and ISO 639-2) until 2000.

Perhaps this is true; perhaps the omission of sign languages was simply an =
oversight, as Martin suggested.  But whatever the scope was before, it now =
includes sign languages.

> And I cannot prevent me to think that this "discover" is not =

> completely independant of "political correctness".

You are permitted to think that.

> 2-As "codification of the representation of names of countries names =

> and their subdivisions" is also clearly not independant from =

> "political pressure", ISO 3166 has its share of pressure. So that, to =

> give an example, we accepted the request of ROMANIA to change their
> alpha-3 code element from "ROM" to "ROU".

Yes, that change was well understood as being completely political. =

Those of us who deal with language tags were grateful that only the
alpha-3 code element was changed, and not the alpha-2.  We now have rules i=
n place to ensure stability of language tags in case another such change is=
 approved that does affect the alpha-2.

> This is also the case for the addition of "Letzeburgesh" (lb,ltz) or =

> "Bosnian" (bs,bos); this would also be the case for the language name =

> "Montenegrin" that is now recognized as the official language of =

> MONTENEGRO (Maybe you were thinking to Montenegrin when you wrote =

> Macedonian ?) and is certainly a new "language name" covered by ISO =

> 639..

Yes, I was of course thinking of Montenegrin.  Thank you for the correction.

Newly formed countries want to establish their own national identity. =

This is completely reasonable.  Persuading the registration agency for an i=
nternational coding standard to register a new code element for "their lang=
uage," when it is actually a dialect of an existing language and not a sepa=
rate language with mutual unintelligibility, is not reasonable on linguisti=
c grounds.  It is purely political, much more demonstrably so than includin=
g sign languages along with spoken languages in a standard that encodes nam=
es of "languages."

--
Doug Ewell  *  Thornton, Colorado, USA  *  RFC 4645  *  UTN #14 http://www.=
ewellic.org http://www1.ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/ietf-languages  ?



------------------------------

Message: 2
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 07:04:38 -0600
From: "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] UNGEGN definitions and UNICODe Glossary of terms
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <8F7E5A3E07374254B5C4B4632FF3CA0C@DGBP7M81>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=3Dflowed; charset=3D"utf-8";
	reply-type=3Doriginal

I have no problem with including the reference to RFC 3339; I just wanted t=
o point out that it could be omitted, to make the point about ISO 8601.

I also have no problem with not including the bit about notifying the ISO 3=
166/MA.

--
Doug Ewell  *  Thornton, Colorado, USA  *  RFC 4645  *  UTN #14 http://www.=
ewellic.org http://www1.ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/ietf-languages  ?



------------------------------

Message: 3
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2008 08:41:21 -0700
From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 24
To: "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID:
	<DDB6DE6E9D27DD478AE6D1BBBB835795633D88E349@NA-EXMSG-C117.redmond.corp.mic=
rosoft.com>
	=

Content-Type: text/plain; charset=3D"iso-8859-1"

From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Lan=
g G?rard

> 1-Let me stress that I have, in fact, no "strenuous objection"
> with the recent "discover" that "langage des signes" became "langue =

> des signes". But I have very strenuous objection about rewriting =

> history and do not understand the strenuous resistance to the =

> establishment of  history. I agree without problem that in the past =

> decade "scientific progress" admitted that "Sign languages" could be =

> assimilated to "languages"
> and registered inside ISO 639-3. But I want to be clearly understood =

> that this was not in the intended scope of ISO 639 (and of ISO 639-1 =

> and ISO 639-2) until 2000.

What is the ultimate point of this argument about history? Suppose we all a=
gree that the creators of the original ISO 639 standard did not intend sign=
ed languages to be within the scope of that standard. So what? What bearing=
 does that have on the work of this working group? (None whatsoever that I =
can see.)


> And I cannot prevent me to think that this "discover" is not =

> completely independant of "political correctness".

Call it "political correctness" if you like. In practical terms -- which I =
think is all that this WG cares about in this case -- there are real needs =
to provide language tags for signed-language content, ISO 639-x currently p=
rovides identifiers that are useful for that purpose, and the WG intends to=
 make use of those to accommodate those needs in RFC 4646bis.



Peter



------------------------------

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End of Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 26
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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Thread-Topic: Scope of ISO 3166//// Ltru Digest, Vol 44, Issue 26
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From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Lan=
g G=E9rard

Thanks for this information.

> 1-The first edition (1974) contains article "3 PRINCIPLES
> FOR THE ENTITY LIST" , whose 3.1 writes:
> "The list includes entities intended to satisfy the requirements
> of the broadest range of applications.

If that is the case, then the MA should be willing to consider entities for=
 semantics such as "worldwide", "unknown" and "not applicable", which would=
 really be helpful in many IT applications. There's no reason why exception=
 to the norm of having entities established by the UNSO can't be made for s=
uch special-purpose entities.


> 2-The second edition (1981) clarified still this point and
> contains article "1 Scope and field of application", whose first
> paragraph writes:
> "This International Standard provides basic two-letter alphabetic
> codes [etc.]... The codes represent the names of countries,
> dependancies and other areas of special interest for purposes of
                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> international exchanges...."
  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

In that case, why will the MA not encode entities such as Kosovo which many=
 organizations doing business with that region must be able to support? The=
 fact that the MA would consider telling users about other users' private-u=
se code elements in cases such as XK suggests to me that there is a real us=
er need that is in scope for the standard but that the standard, or the MA =
in its practice, is failing to address.



Peter
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Just a couple of editorial comments:

1. I felt like sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 ought to be in reverse order.

2. I'm cringing at the text in section 4.2 " a tag such as <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" value="de" />" since it will probably encourage people to think that this is how to declare language in HTML, whereas it is currently not widely interoperable and confuses people wrt attributes in html tag.  Why not change the example to say " For example, in the same HTML document described in the preceding bullet, sending an HTTP header containing Content-Language: de might be a way to indicate..."

Best, 
RI

============
Richard Ishida
Internationalization Lead
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)

http://www.w3.org/International/
http://rishida.net/




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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Richard Ishida <ishida@w3.org>, "'LTRU Working Group'" <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2008 12:40:58 -0700
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> 
> Just a couple of editorial comments:
> 
> 1. I felt like sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 ought to be in reverse
> order.

(editor hat OFF)

The order is somewhat arbitrary.

> 
> 2. I'm cringing at the text in section 4.2 " a tag such as <meta
> http-equiv="Content-Language" value="de" />" since it will probably
> encourage people to think that this is how to declare language in
> HTML, whereas it is currently not widely interoperable and confuses
> people wrt attributes in html tag.  Why not change the example to
> say " For example, in the same HTML document described in the
> preceding bullet, sending an HTTP header containing Content-
> Language: de might be a way to indicate..."

<meta> is one way to indicate the intended audience. Nonetheless, I like your version better, since there is a lively discussion about what <meta> means or should mean and cetera.

(editor hat ON)

Unless anyone objects, I will update the editor's copy to include Richard's version of the text for 4.2. 

Addison


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Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2008 23:32:53 +0200
From: "Mark Davis" <mark@macchiato.com>
To: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
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No objection.
Mark


On Thu, Oct 9, 2008 at 9:40 PM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>wrote:

> >
> > Just a couple of editorial comments:
> >
> > 1. I felt like sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 ought to be in reverse
> > order.
>
> (editor hat OFF)
>
> The order is somewhat arbitrary.
>
> >
> > 2. I'm cringing at the text in section 4.2 " a tag such as <meta
> > http-equiv="Content-Language" value="de" />" since it will probably
> > encourage people to think that this is how to declare language in
> > HTML, whereas it is currently not widely interoperable and confuses
> > people wrt attributes in html tag.  Why not change the example to
> > say " For example, in the same HTML document described in the
> > preceding bullet, sending an HTTP header containing Content-
> > Language: de might be a way to indicate..."
>
> <meta> is one way to indicate the intended audience. Nonetheless, I like
> your version better, since there is a lively discussion about what <meta>
> means or should mean and cetera.
>
> (editor hat ON)
>
> Unless anyone objects, I will update the editor's copy to include Richard's
> version of the text for 4.2.
>
> Addison
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>

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<div dir="ltr">No objection.<div><br clear="all">Mark<br>
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Oct 9, 2008 at 9:40 PM, Phillips, Addison <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:addison@amazon.com">addison@amazon.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div class="Ih2E3d">&gt;<br>
&gt; Just a couple of editorial comments:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; 1. I felt like sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2 ought to be in reverse<br>
&gt; order.<br>
<br>
</div>(editor hat OFF)<br>
<br>
The order is somewhat arbitrary.<br>
<div class="Ih2E3d"><br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; 2. I&#39;m cringing at the text in section 4.2 &quot; a tag such as &lt;meta<br>
&gt; http-equiv=&quot;Content-Language&quot; value=&quot;de&quot; /&gt;&quot; since it will probably<br>
&gt; encourage people to think that this is how to declare language in<br>
&gt; HTML, whereas it is currently not widely interoperable and confuses<br>
&gt; people wrt attributes in html tag. &nbsp;Why not change the example to<br>
&gt; say &quot; For example, in the same HTML document described in the<br>
&gt; preceding bullet, sending an HTTP header containing Content-<br>
&gt; Language: de might be a way to indicate...&quot;<br>
<br>
</div>&lt;meta&gt; is one way to indicate the intended audience. Nonetheless, I like your version better, since there is a lively discussion about what &lt;meta&gt; means or should mean and cetera.<br>
<br>
(editor hat ON)<br>
<br>
Unless anyone objects, I will update the editor&#39;s copy to include Richard&#39;s version of the text for 4.2.<br>
<font color="#888888"><br>
Addison<br>
</font><div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c"><br>
<br>
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</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div>

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At 04:40 08/10/10, Phillips, Addison answered Richard Ishida: 

>> 2. I'm cringing at the text in section 4.2 " a tag such as <meta
>> http-equiv="Content-Language" value="de" />" since it will probably
>> encourage people to think that this is how to declare language in
>> HTML, whereas it is currently not widely interoperable and confuses
>> people wrt attributes in html tag.  Why not change the example to
>> say " For example, in the same HTML document described in the
>> preceding bullet, sending an HTTP header containing Content-
>> Language: de might be a way to indicate..."
>
><meta> is one way to indicate the intended audience. Nonetheless, I like 
>your version better, since there is a lively discussion about what <meta> 
>means or should mean and cetera.
>
>(editor hat ON)
>
>Unless anyone objects, I will update the editor's copy to include Richard's 
>version of the text for 4.2. 

[technical contributor hat on]
I support this change, in particular also because there is actually
no 'value' attribute on the <meta> element in HTML
(see http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/struct/global.html#edef-META).

[chair hat on]
If you disagree with this late but minor change, please speek up soon.

Regards,    Martin.


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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Subject: [Ltru]  WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt
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At 22:15 08/10/03, Doug Ewell wrote:
>I request that the co-chairs declare a Last Call on 
>draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06. 

As requested by Doug, I herewith declare a WG Last Call on
draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt. In my recollection, this is
the first WG Last Call on this document, and in accordance
with IETF practice, it will therefore last for 2 weeks.
The deadline for comments is Sunday, October 26, 24:00 Hawai'ian
time.

Everybody please read the document and send in comments,
saying that it is okay as is or telling us what you think
needs to be changed. Please note that while the document
is extremely long, the textual parts are rather short,
and comments only on the textual parts are also very welcome
(of course, checking the data, either by machine or manually,
is also very much appreciated).

Regards,    Martin.
 


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
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Cc: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt
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On Fri, Oct 10, 2008 at 06:08:28PM +0900,
 Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp> wrote 
 a message of 30 lines which said:

> As requested by Doug, I herewith declare a WG Last Call on
> draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt. 

I've reviewed the document (do not worry, I take my time and I did it
before the last call).

As already mentioned here, I automatically tested the new registry (for
things like broken pointers to languages) and found no error.

I do not see any serious problem with the text either.

A few editorial details:

* "inverted", used several times, does not seem to be formally defined
somewhere

* I'm a bit concerned that the rationale for the list of
macrolanguages in 2.2 is not exposed. If you want to know why Akan is
treated differently from Uzbek, you have to dig into the LTRU
archives.

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt
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On Fri, Oct 10, 2008 at 07:10:12AM -0600,
 Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org> wrote 
 a message of 54 lines which said:

> For the latter, a new sentence like this might be inserted after the  
> sentence ending with "appropriate":
>
> "An 'inverted' name is one which is altered from the usual  
> English-language order by moving adjectival qualifiers to the front,  
> before the main language name, and separated by a comma."

I prefer a formal definition like this one. It is specially useful
since I always thought that "Farsi, Eastern", with the qualifier at
the end, was the inverted form.

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Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2008 16:52:48 +0200
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt
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On Fri, Oct 10, 2008 at 03:31:04PM +0200,
 Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> wrote 
 a message of 19 lines which said:

> > "An 'inverted' name is one which is altered from the usual  
> > English-language order by moving adjectival qualifiers to the front,  
> > before the main language name, and separated by a comma."
> 
> I prefer a formal definition like this one. It is specially useful
> since I always thought that "Farsi, Eastern", with the qualifier at
> the end, was the inverted form.

After discussion with Doug, it is now clear that there was a little
bug in the definition ("front" instead of "end").

So, "Farsi, Eastern" *is* the inverted form and "Eastern Farsi" the
non-inverted.
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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>, Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org>
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2008 08:52:45 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt
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Isn't "Farsi, Eastern" the inverted form? The usual English-language order would be "Eastern Farsi". Surely Doug must have meant "moving adjectival qualifiers to the end, after the main language name, and separated by a comma."


Peter


-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Stephane Bortzmeyer
Sent: Friday, October 10, 2008 6:31 AM
To: Doug Ewell
Cc: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt

On Fri, Oct 10, 2008 at 07:10:12AM -0600,
 Doug Ewell <doug@ewellic.org> wrote
 a message of 54 lines which said:

> For the latter, a new sentence like this might be inserted after the
> sentence ending with "appropriate":
>
> "An 'inverted' name is one which is altered from the usual
> English-language order by moving adjectival qualifiers to the front,
> before the main language name, and separated by a comma."

I prefer a formal definition like this one. It is specially useful
since I always thought that "Farsi, Eastern", with the qualifier at
the end, was the inverted form.

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Oct 10 11:05:55 2008
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 (editorial comment inverted noun phrase)
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Hi!
Regarding Stephane's comments about:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06


From: "Doug Ewell">
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2008 07:10:12 -0600

> St=E9phane Bortzmeyer wrote:


>> A few editorial details:


>> * "inverted", used several times, does not seem to be formally defined s=
omewhere

I had little problem with the lack of a formal definition here, but you can=
 certainly add one! It would not hurt, but keep it brief.


> "... and another entry with the non-inverted name 'Eastern Farsi' and the=
 corresponding inverted name 'Farsi, Eastern'."

> For the latter, a new sentence like this might be inserted after the sent=
ence ending with "appropriate":

> "An 'inverted' name is one which is altered from the usual English-langua=
ge order by moving adjectival qualifiers to the front, before the main lang=
uage name, and separated by a comma."
"altered from the usual English-language order" is a bit awkward; sounds li=
ke a hurried attempt.
> Let me know which alternative (possibly edited) might be better.

* * *
What about??
"A(n English language) name is inverted by moving the adjectival qualfier s=
o that it follows the substantive (noun) (in the name); the adjectival qual=
ifier in this case is separated from the substantive (noun) by a comma."
??

Thanks!

(Do what you like with the text in parentheses--delete it, leave it in pare=
ntheses, or take off the parentheses.)

--C. E. Whitehead
cewcathar@hotmail.com

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2008 11:17:15 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt
	(editorial comment inverted noun phrase)
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt
 (editorial comment inverted noun phrase)
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> 
> * * *
> What about??
> "A(n English language) name is inverted by moving the adjectival
> qualfier so that it follows the substantive (noun) (in the name);
> the adjectival qualifier in this case is separated from the
> substantive (noun) by a comma."
> ??
> 

What about having the definition in English instead? ;-)

--
A name is "inverted" if modifiers in the name have been moved after the noun and separated by a comma. For example, "Ndebele, North" is the inverted form of "North Ndebele".
--

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.



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Date: Sat, 11 Oct 2008 09:55:07 +0200
From: "Mark Davis" <mark@macchiato.com>
To: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt
	(editorial comment inverted noun phrase)
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+1
Mark


On Fri, Oct 10, 2008 at 8:17 PM, Phillips, Addison <addison@amazon.com>wrote:

> >
> > * * *
> > What about??
> > "A(n English language) name is inverted by moving the adjectival
> > qualfier so that it follows the substantive (noun) (in the name);
> > the adjectival qualifier in this case is separated from the
> > substantive (noun) by a comma."
> > ??
> >
>
> What about having the definition in English instead? ;-)
>
> --
> A name is "inverted" if modifiers in the name have been moved after the
> noun and separated by a comma. For example, "Ndebele, North" is the inverted
> form of "North Ndebele".
> --
>
> Addison
>
> Addison Phillips
> Globalization Architect -- Lab126
>
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>

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<div dir="ltr">+1<div><br clear="all">Mark<br>
<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Oct 10, 2008 at 8:17 PM, Phillips, Addison <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:addison@amazon.com">addison@amazon.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div class="Ih2E3d">&gt;<br>
&gt; * * *<br>
&gt; What about??<br>
&gt; &quot;A(n English language) name is inverted by moving the adjectival<br>
&gt; qualfier so that it follows the substantive (noun) (in the name);<br>
&gt; the adjectival qualifier in this case is separated from the<br>
&gt; substantive (noun) by a comma.&quot;<br>
&gt; ??<br>
&gt;<br>
<br>
</div>What about having the definition in English instead? ;-)<br>
<br>
--<br>
A name is &quot;inverted&quot; if modifiers in the name have been moved after the noun and separated by a comma. For example, &quot;Ndebele, North&quot; is the inverted form of &quot;North Ndebele&quot;.<br>
--<br>
<br>
Addison<br>
<br>
Addison Phillips<br>
Globalization Architect -- Lab126<br>
<br>
Internationalization is not a feature.<br>
It is an architecture.<br>
<div><div></div><div class="Wj3C7c"><br>
<br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Ltru mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Ltru@ietf.org">Ltru@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href="https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru" target="_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru</a><br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div>

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Hello Felix,

At 23:26 08/10/10, Felix Sasaki wrote:
>draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17 says in sec. 3.1.3:

In that case, please change the subject, and submit issues on
different documents in different mails. Thanks.


>"Deprecated's field-body contains the date the record was deprecated. In some cases this value is before that of the associated 'Added' field in the registry."
>
>Although this thread is for the last call of 4645bis, I am wondering about the reason for the statement. "In some cases this value is before that of the associated 'Added' field in the registry.", since the ording of fields in 4645bis is not required.

I have to agree this can be improved. From your quoting, it isn't exactly
clear, but it seems that you are proposing to add ", since the ording of fields in 4645bis is not required." to this sentence. I would propose
to change this to ", since there is no prescribed ording of the fields
in a record."

I also have to say that "Deprecated's" feels really ugly.
What about changing this to:

The field-body of a Deprecated field contains the date...

Regards,    Martin.

>I created (yet another) XML version of the registry, see
>http://www.w3.org/2008/05/lta/02/lsr.xml
>And a schema for its validation
>http://www.w3.org/2008/05/lta/02/lsr.xsd
>Which checks various MUSTS from sec. 3.1 of draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17 against the 4645bis draft. I did not find any errors. I also read the text of draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17 and did not find any issues.
>
>Felix
>
>Martin Duerst $B$5$s$O=q$-$^$7$?(B:
>> At 22:15 08/10/03, Doug Ewell wrote:
>>   
>>> I request that the co-chairs declare a Last Call on draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.     
>>
>> As requested by Doug, I herewith declare a WG Last Call on
>> draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt. In my recollection, this is
>> the first WG Last Call on this document, and in accordance
>> with IETF practice, it will therefore last for 2 weeks.
>> The deadline for comments is Sunday, October 26, 24:00 Hawai'ian
>> time.
>>
>> Everybody please read the document and send in comments,
>> saying that it is okay as is or telling us what you think
>> needs to be changed. Please note that while the document
>> is extremely long, the textual parts are rather short,
>> and comments only on the textual parts are also very welcome
>> (of course, checking the data, either by machine or manually,
>> is also very much appreciated).
>>
>> Regards,    Martin.
>>  
>>
>>
>> #-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
>> #-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Ltru mailing list
>> Ltru@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>>   
>
>


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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Hello Addison/Mark (Editors!), others,

Can I please ask you to come up with some revised wording for
this point? If it's indeed the dates themselves that can be
inverted, this really should be made clear.

Regards,    Martin.

At 09:22 08/10/11, Doug Ewell wrote:
>Felix Sasaki <fsasaki at w3 dot org> wrote: > >> draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17 says in sec. 3.1.3: >> >> "Deprecated's field-body contains the date the record was deprecated. >> In some cases this value is before that of the associated 'Added' >> field in the registry." >> >> Although this thread is for the last call of 4645bis, I am wondering >> about the reason for the statement. "In some cases this value is >> before that of the associated 'Added' field in the registry.", since >> the ording of fields in 4645bis is not required. > >In this passage, "before" refers to the dates themselves, not the order >of fields within the record. > >An example of this is: > >Type: language >Subtag: in >Description: Indonesian >Added: 2005-10-16 >Preferred-Value: id >Deprecated: 1989-01-01 >Suppress-Script: Latn > >In essence, the record was deprecated before birth. > >-- >Doug Ewell  *  Thornton, Colorado, USA  *  RFC 4645  *  UTN #14 >http://www.ewellic.org >http://www1.ietf.or
g/html.charters/ltru-charter.html >http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/ietf-languages  $B%R+(B>_______________________________________________ >Ltru mailing list >Ltru@ietf.org >https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru > 


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     


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Martin Duerst $B$5$s$O=q$-$^$7$?(B:
> Hello Felix,
>
> At 23:26 08/10/10, Felix Sasaki wrote:
>   
>> draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17 says in sec. 3.1.3:
>>     
>
> In that case, please change the subject, and submit issues on
> different documents in different mails. Thanks.
>   

You are right, sorry for not doing that in the first place.

>
>   
>> "Deprecated's field-body contains the date the record was deprecated. In some cases this value is before that of the associated 'Added' field in the registry."
>>
>> Although this thread is for the last call of 4645bis, I am wondering about the reason for the statement. "In some cases this value is before that of the associated 'Added' field in the registry.", since the ording of fields in 4645bis is not required.
>>     
>
> I have to agree this can be improved. From your quoting, it isn't exactly
> clear, but it seems that you are proposing to add ", since the ording of fields in 4645bis is not required." to this sentence. I would propose
> to change this to ", since there is no prescribed ording of the fields
> in a record."
>   

sounds good to me.

> I also have to say that "Deprecated's" feels really ugly.
> What about changing this to:
>
> The field-body of a Deprecated field contains the date...
>   

Also fine by me.

Felix

> Regards,    Martin.
>
>   
>> I created (yet another) XML version of the registry, see
>> http://www.w3.org/2008/05/lta/02/lsr.xml
>> And a schema for its validation
>> http://www.w3.org/2008/05/lta/02/lsr.xsd
>> Which checks various MUSTS from sec. 3.1 of draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17 against the 4645bis draft. I did not find any errors. I also read the text of draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17 and did not find any issues.
>>
>> Felix
>>
>> Martin Duerst $B$5$s$O=q$-$^$7$?(B:
>>     
>>> At 22:15 08/10/03, Doug Ewell wrote:
>>>   
>>>       
>>>> I request that the co-chairs declare a Last Call on draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.     
>>>>         
>>> As requested by Doug, I herewith declare a WG Last Call on
>>> draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt. In my recollection, this is
>>> the first WG Last Call on this document, and in accordance
>>> with IETF practice, it will therefore last for 2 weeks.
>>> The deadline for comments is Sunday, October 26, 24:00 Hawai'ian
>>> time.
>>>
>>> Everybody please read the document and send in comments,
>>> saying that it is okay as is or telling us what you think
>>> needs to be changed. Please note that while the document
>>> is extremely long, the textual parts are rather short,
>>> and comments only on the textual parts are also very welcome
>>> (of course, checking the data, either by machine or manually,
>>> is also very much appreciated).
>>>
>>> Regards,    Martin.
>>>  
>>>
>>>
>>> #-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
>>> #-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Ltru mailing list
>>> Ltru@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>>>   
>>>       
>>     
>
>
> #-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
> #-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     
>
>   


_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt
 (editorial comment inverted noun phrase)
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 Yes=2C Addison=2C your version of this is better(but mine is not so bad if=
 you take out the parenthetical comments). --C. E. Whiteheadcewcathar@hotma=
il.com > What about having the definition in English instead? =3B-)-->A nam=
e is "inverted" if modifiers in the name have been > moved after the noun a=
nd separated by a comma. For  > example=2C "Ndebele=2C North" is the invert=
ed form of "North  > Ndebele".--Addison     That is fine with the example b=
uilt in!     --C. E. Whitehead  cewcathar@hotmail.com=

--_044cc17a-0ab5-49c8-96c0-71c989e7eff9_
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<body class=3D'hmmessage'>
<PRE> <BR>Yes=2C Addison=2C your version of this is better</PRE><PRE>(but m=
ine is not so bad if you take out the parenthetical comments).</PRE><PRE>&n=
bsp=3B</PRE><PRE>--C. E. Whitehead</PRE><PRE><A href=3D"mailto:cewcathar@ho=
tmail.com">cewcathar@hotmail.com</A> <BR>&gt=3B What about having the defin=
ition in English instead? =3B-)--<BR>&gt=3BA name is "inverted" if modifier=
s in the name have been<BR> <BR>&gt=3B moved after the noun and separated b=
y a comma. For<BR> <BR> <BR>&gt=3B example=2C "Ndebele=2C North" is the inv=
erted form of "North<BR> <BR> <BR>&gt=3B Ndebele".--Addison<BR> <BR> <BR> <=
BR> <BR> <BR>That is fine with the example built in!<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR=
> <BR>--C. E. Whitehead<BR> <BR> <BR>cewcathar@hotmail.com<BR></PRE></body>
</html>=

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Dear Doug, I did not have a problem with "this value is before that of the associated 'Added' field" because you specified that it is the VALUE that is before the VALUE of the associated added field.However, your example is helpful & I think an exampleor else a nice to-the-point explanation, such as you gave (the explanation you gave is the wording I like best here),> In essence, the record was deprecated before birth.would be helpful.Best,C. E. Whiteheadcewcathar@hotmail.com * From: "Doug Ewell" Felix Sasaki wrote:>> draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17 says in sec. 3.1.3:>> "Deprecated's field-body contains the date the record was>> deprecated. >> In some cases this value is before that of the associated 'Added' field >> in the registry.">> Although this thread is for the last call of 4645bis, I am wondering >> about the reason for the statement. "In some cases this value is >> before that of the associated 'Added' field in the registry.", since the >> ording of fields in 4645bis is 
 not required.> In this passage, "before" refers to the dates themselves, not the order> of fields within the record.> An example of this is:> Type: language> Subtag: in> Description: Indonesian> Added: 2005-10-16> Preferred-Value: id> Deprecated: 1989-01-01> Suppress-Script: Latn> In essence, the record was deprecated before birth.
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Dear Doug, I did not have a problem with "this value is before that of the associated 'Added' field" because you specified that it is the VALUE that is before the VALUE of the associated added field.<BR><BR>However, your example is helpful &amp; I think an example<BR>or else a nice to-the-point explanation, such as you gave (the explanation you gave is the wording I like best here),<BR><BR>&gt; In essence, the record was deprecated before birth.<BR><BR>would be helpful.<BR><BR>Best,<BR><BR>C. E. Whitehead<BR>cewcathar@hotmail.com <BR><BR><BR>* From: "Doug Ewell" Felix Sasaki wrote:<BR><BR>&gt;&gt; draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17 says in sec. 3.1.3:<BR><BR><BR>&gt;&gt; "Deprecated's field-body contains the date the record was<BR>&gt;&gt; deprecated. <BR>&gt;&gt; In some cases this value is before that of the associated 'Added' field <BR>&gt;&gt; in the registry."<BR><BR>&gt;&gt; Although this thread is for the last call of 4645bis, I am wondering <BR>&gt;&gt; about the reason for t
 he statement. "In some cases this value is <BR>&gt;&gt; before that of the associated 'Added' field in the registry.", since the <BR>&gt;&gt; ording of fields in 4645bis is not required.<BR><BR>&gt; In this passage, "before" refers to the dates themselves, not the order&gt; of fields within the record.<BR><BR>&gt; An example of this is:<BR><BR>&gt; Type: language<BR>&gt; Subtag: in<BR>&gt; Description: Indonesian<BR>&gt; Added: 2005-10-16<BR>&gt; Preferred-Value: id<BR>&gt; Deprecated: 1989-01-01<BR>&gt; Suppress-Script: Latn<BR><BR>&gt; In essence, the record was deprecated before birth.<BR></body>
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Oct 14 10:42:31 2008
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I have one main editorial comment on the draft  (have not read Doug's update yet):

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06


* * *



SECTION 1

"[draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17] expands on [RFC4646] by adding support
for approximately 7,500 new primary and extended language subtags
   based on [ISO639-3] and [ISO639-5] alpha-3 code elements, and seven
   new region subtags based on [ISO3166-1] exceptionally reserved code
   elements.  This memo describes the process of updating the Registry
   to include these additional subtags, and to make secondary changes to
   the Registry that result from adding the new subtags and from other
   decisions made by the Language Tag Registry Update (LTRU) Working
   Group."

{COMMENT:  I would like to add here at the beginning of this -- if possible -- a bit more information on when you follow ISO 639-3 and when you follow ISO 639-5;  it appear to me from reading the draft (correct me if I am wrong; I may be) that, where ISO639-3 differs from ISO639-5 , it is ISO639-3 that is the basis of the codes in the registry; however codes in ISO 639-5 not listed in ISO639-3 appear in the registry as they are listed in ISO639-5  }

Thanks.

--C. E. Whitehead
cewcathar@hotmail.com

 
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>, Felix Sasaki <fsasaki@w3.org>
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> 
> I also have to say that "Deprecated's" feels really ugly.
> What about changing this to:
> 
> The field-body of a Deprecated field contains the date...
> 

(editor hat ON)

I didn't make this change because EVERY field uses the same form.

I can change it, but it would be purely editorial.

Addison
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: CE Whitehead <cewcathar@hotmail.com>, "ltru@ietf.org" <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2008 13:44:49 -0700
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	Editorial Comments Only
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Hi,

I think Doug already includes that information when he says:

> "[draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17] expands on [RFC4646] by adding
> support

It is draft-4646bis that has the instructions. This introductory text does not spell out all of the specifics. Nor should it, IMO. And Section 2.2 of this document (4645bis) contains the specifics you appear to be looking for here. 

Note that ISO 639-3 and ISO 639-5 are disjoint. ISO 639-3 contains *only* individual languages (and macrolanguages). ISO 639-5 contains *only* groups/families. There is or should be no overlap between these two. It is ISO 639-2 that contains some of each set of codes.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of CE Whitehead
> Sent: Tuesday, October 14, 2008 10:42 AM
> To: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt
> -- Editorial Comments Only
> 
> 
> 
> I have one main editorial comment on the draft  (have not read
> Doug's update yet):
> 
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06
> 
> 
> * * *
> 
> 
> 
> SECTION 1
> 
> "[draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17] expands on [RFC4646] by adding
> support
> for approximately 7,500 new primary and extended language subtags
>    based on [ISO639-3] and [ISO639-5] alpha-3 code elements, and
> seven
>    new region subtags based on [ISO3166-1] exceptionally reserved
> code
>    elements.  This memo describes the process of updating the
> Registry
>    to include these additional subtags, and to make secondary
> changes to
>    the Registry that result from adding the new subtags and from
> other
>    decisions made by the Language Tag Registry Update (LTRU)
> Working
>    Group."
> 
> {COMMENT:  I would like to add here at the beginning of this -- if
> possible -- a bit more information on when you follow ISO 639-3 and
> when you follow ISO 639-5;  it appear to me from reading the draft
> (correct me if I am wrong; I may be) that, where ISO639-3 differs
> from ISO639-5 , it is ISO639-3 that is the basis of the codes in
> the registry; however codes in ISO 639-5 not listed in ISO639-3
> appear in the registry as they are listed in ISO639-5  }
> 
> Thanks.
> 
> --C. E. Whitehead
> cewcathar@hotmail.com
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> Ltru@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17.txt
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At 02:55 08/10/15, Phillips, Addison wrote:
>> 
>> I also have to say that "Deprecated's" feels really ugly.
>> What about changing this to:
>> 
>> The field-body of a Deprecated field contains the date...
>> 
>
>(editor hat ON)
>
>I didn't make this change because EVERY field uses the same form.
>
>I can change it, but it would be purely editorial.

I strongly suggest that you do that, for every field.
The main reason is that this is something that the RFC
editor will probably pick up, and it's easier for us
to fix it now than to fix what they might mess up
(in German, there is the verb "verschlimmbessern",
meaning trying to make it better but making it worse;
that would apply here, but I don't know the English
equivalent).

Regards,   Martin.



#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

_______________________________________________
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Oct 15 07:26:12 2008
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt --
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Thanks for your response, Addison!


However, it is section 2.3 of the draft, "Modified Language Subtags," par. 3, that I was referring to:

". . . Language subtags corresponding to code elements that were identified in [ISO639-3] as representing collection codes, but not listed in [ISO639-5], were also assigned a Scope value of "collection".



I thought a note to this effect might be added to Section I, par. 2, to the end of the text below:

"[draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17] expands on [RFC4646] by adding support
for approximately 7,500 new primary and extended language subtags
based on [ISO639-3] and [ISO639-5] alpha-3 code elements, and seven
new region subtags based on [ISO3166-1] exceptionally reserved code
elements. "

If no one else agrees, I'll drop it, but I do think we could have this section a tiny bit more specific.

Thanks. Otherwise, the draft reads fine.

Sincerely,

C. E. Whitehead
cewcathar@hotmail.com


> From: addison@amazon.com
> To: cewcathar@hotmail.com; ltru@ietf.org
> Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2008 13:44:49 -0700
> Subject: RE: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt -- Editorial Comments Only
>
> Hi,
>
> I think Doug already includes that information when he says:
>
>> "[draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17] expands on [RFC4646] by adding
>> support
>
> It is draft-4646bis that has the instructions. This introductory text does not spell out all of the specifics. Nor should it, IMO. And Section 2.2 of this document (4645bis) contains the specifics you appear to be looking for here.
>
> Note that ISO 639-3 and ISO 639-5 are disjoint. ISO 639-3 contains *only* individual languages (and macrolanguages). ISO 639-5 contains *only* groups/families. There is or should be no overlap between these two. It is ISO 639-2 that contains some of each set of codes.
>
> Addison


That explanation makes some sense. However, it was section 2.3 of the draft, "Modified Language Subtags," par. 3, that I was referring to:


". . . Language subtags corresponding to code elements that were identified in [ISO639-3] as representing collection codes, but not listed in [ISO639-5], were also assigned a Scope value of "collection".
"
>
> Addison Phillips
> Globalization Architect -- Lab126
>
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
>> Behalf Of CE Whitehead
>> Sent: Tuesday, October 14, 2008 10:42 AM
>> To: ltru@ietf.org
>> Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt
>> -- Editorial Comments Only
>>
>>
>>
>> I have one main editorial comment on the draft (have not read
>> Doug's update yet):
>>
>> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06
>>
>>
>> * * *
>>
>>
>>
>> SECTION 1
>>
>> "[draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17] expands on [RFC4646] by adding
>> support
>> for approximately 7,500 new primary and extended language subtags
>> based on [ISO639-3] and [ISO639-5] alpha-3 code elements, and
>> seven
>> new region subtags based on [ISO3166-1] exceptionally reserved
>> code
>> elements. This memo describes the process of updating the
>> Registry
>> to include these additional subtags, and to make secondary
>> changes to
>> the Registry that result from adding the new subtags and from
>> other
>> decisions made by the Language Tag Registry Update (LTRU)
>> Working
>> Group."
>>
>> {COMMENT: I would like to add here at the beginning of this -- if
>> possible -- a bit more information on when you follow ISO 639-3 and
>> when you follow ISO 639-5; it appear to me from reading the draft
>> (correct me if I am wrong; I may be) that, where ISO639-3 differs
>> from ISO639-5 , it is ISO639-3 that is the basis of the codes in
>> the registry; however codes in ISO 639-5 not listed in ISO639-3
>> appear in the registry as they are listed in ISO639-5 }
>>
>> Thanks.
>>
>> --C. E. Whitehead
>> cewcathar@hotmail.com
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Ltru mailing list
>> Ltru@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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At 21:53 08/10/15, Doug Ewell wrote:
>Martin Duerst <duerst at it dot aoyama dot ac dot jp> wrote:
>
>>>> I also have to say that "Deprecated's" feels really ugly.
>>>
>>> I can change it, but it would be purely editorial.
>>
>> I strongly suggest that you do that, for every field.
>> The main reason is that this is something that the RFC
>> editor will probably pick up,
>
>They didn't pick it up in RFC 4646.

Thanks for the datapoint. I wouldn't bet on the RFC editor's consistency,
but I'll leave the decision to the editors then.

Regards,    Martin.


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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Hi all,

I am working on an XML version of the registry
http://www.w3.org/2008/05/lta/02/lsr.xml
with the purpose of making it maller in terms of file size. See the XML
Schema at
http://www.w3.org/2008/05/lta/02/lsr.xsd
for the structure description. One part of this approach is to represent
as many fields as possible as attribute values. My question is whether
the only fields which may appear more than once (and hence must be
represented as elements) are "description" and "prefix".

Thank you,

Felix

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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
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On Thu, Oct 16, 2008 at 03:29:59PM +0900,
 Felix Sasaki <fsasaki@w3.org> wrote 
 a message of 20 lines which said:

> I am working on an XML version of the registry

That will be the third one <http://www.langtag.net/registries.html> 
and still no YAML or JSON version :-)

> with the purpose of making it maller in terms of file size.

I would prefer gzip (or a different and more compact format, like the
two mentioned above).

> My question is whether the only fields which may appear more than
> once (and hence must be represented as elements) are "description"
> and "prefix".

No, there is Comments, too. 3.1.2:

>   Field-names MUST occur no more than once per record, with the
>   exception of the 'Description', 'Comments', and sometimes the
>   'Prefix' field.

Also, it seems to contradict the spirit of 3.1.2:

>   Future versions of this document might add additional fields to
>   the registry; implementations SHOULD ignore fields found in the
>   registry that are not defined in this document.

While it is not explicit, it may indicate that a "once only" field
could become a "several occurrences" field later.


field MUST appear only once.
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>, Felix Sasaki <fsasaki@w3.org>
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2008 07:36:24 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Confirmation question about registry fields
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> 
> Also, it seems to contradict the spirit of 3.1.2:
> 
> >   Future versions of this document might add additional fields to
> >   the registry; implementations SHOULD ignore fields found in the
> >   registry that are not defined in this document.
> 
> While it is not explicit, it may indicate that a "once only" field
> could become a "several occurrences" field later.
> 

I disagree. I think that the fields which are currently "once only" cannot logically change later, with one possible exception, and that such a change is not implied by the quoted text in 3.1.2. That text deals with (for example) the case we have transitioning from 4646 to this document, with the addition of Scope and Macrolanguage to the registry. We might add more key values in the future, but I would be rather surprised to see changes to the existing keys and their definitions. In particular, 3.1.2 is a kind of promise to implementations that, while additional "gunk" might be *added* in the future, breaking changes will be contemplated with utmost caution. 

- Type

By definition, a subtag can only have one type.

- Subtag, Tag

By definition, a record can only have one tag or subtag in it.

- Scope

By definition, this is an enumerated, mutually-exclusive set.

- Macrolanguage

By definition, a language cannot be encompassed by more than one language in ISO 639-3.

- Deprecated, Added

A subtag can only be added or deprecated once.

- Suppress-Script

By definition, there can be only one script that a language is written in "predominantly".

- Preferred-Value

This one is troublesome. There are some values that might be deprecated in favor of more than one item (notably countries splitting into multiple countries, with no country maintaining the original identity---think YU or SU).

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.






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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Oct 16 12:27:36 2008
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Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> - Macrolanguage
> 
> By definition, a language cannot be encompassed by more than one
> language in ISO 639-3.

Is that really 100% clear from the text of 693-3?

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From: Peter Constable <petercon@microsoft.com>
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Interesting point. The standard, indeed, doesn't impose any such restriction.

There are a couple of theoretical possibilities here:

1) C is macrolanguage-encompassed by B, C is macrolanguage-encompassed by A, and B is macrolanguage-encompassed by A

2) C is macrolanguage-encompassed by B, C is macrolanguage-encompassed by A, but B is not macrolanguage-encompassed by A and A is not macrolanguage-encompassed by B


It seems that in case 1, it shouldn't be necessary to declare 'A is macrolanguage of' as a property of C as long as the other two are declared: the encompassment is necessarily transitive (A must encompass C) -- even though that transitivity isn't explicitly stated, I don't see any other reasonable interpretation.

As for 2, I'd hope the JAC would never create such a situation in the data.


Peter

-----Original Message-----
From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of John Cowan
Sent: Thursday, October 16, 2008 12:28 PM
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Cc: LTRU Working Group
Subject: Re: [Ltru] Confirmation question about registry fields

Phillips, Addison scripsit:

> - Macrolanguage
>
> By definition, a language cannot be encompassed by more than one
> language in ISO 639-3.

Is that really 100% clear from the text of 693-3?

--
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Peter Constable scripsit:

> There are a couple of theoretical possibilities here:
> 
> 1) C is macrolanguage-encompassed by B, C is macrolanguage-encompassed
> by A, and B is macrolanguage-encompassed by A

A and B are nested macrolanguages here.  I agree that this isn't special:
Chinese is a macrolanguage, and Min Chinese might be a nested
macrolanguage covering the four individual languages of Northern,
Southern, Eastern, and Western Min.

> 2) C is macrolanguage-encompassed by B, C is macrolanguage-encompassed
> by A, but B is not macrolanguage-encompassed by A and A is not
> macrolanguage-encompassed by B

A and B are overlapping macrolanguages here.  This doesn't seem too
preposterous to me; for example, A might encompass English-based creoles,
whereas B might encompass Atlantic creoles.

So I think we ought to allow for the possibility of more than one "Macrolanguage"
header.

Things get really evil with:

3) C is encompassed by B, B is encompassed by A, and A is encompassed by C.

We really, really don't want to go there.

-- 
John Cowan  http://ccil.org/~cowan  cowan@ccil.org
All "isms" should be "wasms".   --Abbie
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From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Lang_G=E9rard?= <gerard.lang@insee.fr>
To: <ltru@ietf.org>, "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>,
	"CE Whitehead" <cewcathar@hotmail.com>, <ietf-languages@iana.org>
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Subject: [Ltru] RFC 4646 bis; IANA's Register; Languages, langage and langue
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Dear Doug,

1-I agree very much with CE Withehead's proposition, that gives some inform=
ation people will find most useful.

-(i) The proper reason of my first message to you and some others was the f=
act that the transition for IANA's registry resulting from the insertion of=
 all ISO 639-3 (and also ISO 639-5) entries inside this Register would incr=
ease the number of concerned "language names" from around 500 to around 800=
0. And this is not only a technical question, this is in fact a real change=
 of the nature of the Register.

-(ii) As is also the fact to recognize "families or groups of language name=
s" at the same standing than "language names", that results from the wanted=
 insertion of ISO 639-5 entries in the Register, and does not clearly resul=
t from the current RFC 4646 bis title "Tags for Identifying Languages".

-(iii) I also do not think that the indication of the different considered =
parts of ISO 639, with their titles, inside the list of Normative Reference=
s is giving sufficient informations, because ISO 639-2 "Part 2: Alpha-3 Cod=
e" explicitely contains simultaneouisly "single language code elements" and=
 "collective language code elements"
(that are also coded under ISO 639-5). Moreover, as I previously exchanged =
with Randy Presuhn, if most of the tables of ISO 639-1, ISO 639-2 and ISO 6=
39-3 (but not of ISO 639-5) are "publicly and freely available", this is no=
t the case concerning the normative text of these standards that you are re=
ferring to, explaining that they give sufficient explanations.

-(iv) I also want to add that neither RFC 4646 bis nor ISO 639 gives any de=
finition of the term "Language". So, I have been surprised that my proposit=
ion to insert the "Glossary of Terms for the Standardization of Geographica=
l Names" published by the United Group of experts on Geographical Names" in=
side the list of "Informative References" of 4646 bis to remedy this lack w=
as refused. Moreover, on thebasis of the reasons given to refuse this propo=
sition, I am not sure that all sources present in "9.2 Informative referenc=
es" could be conserved.

2-Returning to the question "Langage/Langue" and ISO 639 history, for which=
 you asked someone to verify, I can propose the following analysis:

-(i) ISO 639: 1988-04-01 "Code for the representation of names of languages=
/ Code pour la representation des noms de langues" writes:
"1 Scope and field of application
This International standard provides a code for the representation of names=
 of languages. The symbols were devised primarily for use in terminology, l=
exicography and linguistics, but they may be used in for any application re=
quiring the expression of languages in coded form",   and

"4 Language symbols
4.1 form of language symbols
The language symbols are created from the original language name, if in Lat=
in spelling, or from the language name converted into Latin characters. If =
a country, where the language concerned has the status of a national langua=
ge, requests a certain language symbol, preference is given to this symbol =
whenever possible. Two letter lower-case symbols are used"

Tables 1, 2 and 3 of the standard publish a list of 136 language names, tha=
t all correspond to written languages, so that there is no difficulties to =
build the corresponding symbols.

-(ii) ISO 639-2: 1998-10-22 "Codes for the representation of names of langu=
ages--Part 2: Alpha-3 code/ Codes pour la representation des noms des langu=
es--Partie 2: Code alpha-3" writes:
"1 Scope
This part of ISO 639 provides two sets of three-letter alphabetic codes for=
 the representation of names of languages, one for terminology applications=
 and the other for bibliographic applications. The code sets are the same e=
xcept for twenty-five languages that have variant language codes because of=
 the criteria used for formulating them
(see 4.1). The language codes were  devised originally for use by libraries=
, information services, and publishers to indicate language in the exchange=
 of information, esdpecially in computerized systems.These codes have been =
widely used iun the library communirty and may be adopted for any applicati=
on requiring the expression of language in coded form by terminologists and=
 lexicographers. Tha alpha-2 code set was devised for practical use for mos=
t of the major languages in the world that are most frequently represented =
in the standard body of the world's litterature. Additional language codes =
are created when it becomes apparent thjat a significant body of litteratur=
e in a particular language exists. Languages designed exclusively for machi=
nes use, such as computer programming languages, are not included in this c=
ode"

Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 of this standard publish a list of 430 language names. =


The title of ISO 639 has been slightly modified (Code for.... becomes Codes=
 for...), but the choice of  the french term"langue" and not "langage" as e=
quivalent for the english term "language", has not been modified. This choi=
ce has also a (partial) justification by the fact that " Languages designed=
 exclusively for machine use, such as computer programming languages" are c=
ertainly "langages" and certainly not "langues" in french; so this choice i=
s certainly all but hazardous, it is clearly well-founded and motivated.
That the scope of ISO 639-2 does not include "Sign languages" seems clear f=
rom the intended applications. Anyway, none of the 430 ISO 639-2 published =
language names is an entry of this sort.

-(iii) ISO 639-1: 2002-07-15 "Codes for the representation of names of lang=
uages-- Part 1: Alpha-2 code/ Codes pour la representation des noms de lang=
ues--Partie 1: Code alpha-2" writes:
"INTRODUCTION
ISO 639 provides two languages codes, one as a two-letter code (ISO 639-1) =
and another as a three-letter code (ISO 639-2) for the representation of na=
mes of languages. ISO 639-1 was devised primarily for use in terminology, l=
exicography and linguistics. ISDO 639-2 represents all languages contained =
in ISI 639-1 and in addition any other language, as well as language groups=
, as they may be coded dfor special purposes when more specificity in codei=
ng is needed. The language names of ISO 639-1 are a subset of ISO 639-2; ev=
ery language code element in the two-letter code has a corresponding langua=
ge code element in the three-letter code, but not necessarily vice-versa." =
  and
"1 Scope
This part of ISO 639 provides a code consisting of language code elements c=
omprising two-letter language identifiers for the rerpresentation of names =
of languages. The language identifiers according to this part of ISO 639 we=
re devised originally for use in terminology, lexicography and linguistics,=
 but may be a	dopted for any application requiring the expression of langua=
ges in two-letter coded form, especially in computerized systems. The alpha=
-2 code was devised for practical use for most of the major languages of th=
e world that are not only most frequently represented in the total body of =
the world's litterature, but whuich also comprise a considerable volume of =
specialized languages and terminologies. Additional languages identifiers a=
re created when it becomes apparent that a significant body of documentatio=
n written in specialized languages and tertminologies exists. Languages des=
igned exclusively for machine use, such as computer-programming languages, =
are not included in this code."

Tables 1, 2 3 and 4 of this standard publish a list of 184 language names, =
that is adding 46 new entries to the 136 language names given by ISO 639 (1=
988). There is no "Sign language" in the list of additions.

So, this is perfectly in line with all previous analysis.

Bien cordialement.
G=E9rard LANG


---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
--------------------

Message: 1
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2008 18:41:51 -0600
From: "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>
Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt --
	Editorial Comments Only
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
Message-ID: <D454170C31C84875A566520BF22BC43E@DGBP7M81>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=3Dflowed; charset=3D"utf-8";
	reply-type=3Doriginal

CE Whitehead <cewcathar at hotmail dot com> wrote:

> However, it is section 2.3 of the draft, "Modified Language Subtags," =

> par. 3, that I was referring to:
>
> ". . . Language subtags corresponding to code elements that were =

> identified in [ISO639-3] as representing collection codes, but not =

> listed in [ISO639-5], were also assigned a Scope value of =

> "collection".
>
> I thought a note to this effect might be added to Section I, par. 2, =

> to the end of the text below:
>
> "[draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17] expands on [RFC4646] by adding support =

> for approximately 7,500 new primary and extended language subtags =

> based on [ISO639-3] and [ISO639-5] alpha-3 code elements, and seven =

> new region subtags based on [ISO3166-1] exceptionally reserved code =

> elements. "
>
> If no one else agrees, I'll drop it, but I do think we could have this =

> section a tiny bit more specific.

I do not agree.  The normative references to both ISO 639-3 and 639-5 state=
 the full names of these standards, showing that 639-3 encodes individual l=
anguages while 639-5 encodes "language families and groups." =

Sections 2.2 and 2.3 already explain how 639-3 and 639-5 code elements are =
used to form language subtags.  I don't see any need to elaborate on this i=
n the Introduction.

--
Doug Ewell  *  Thornton, Colorado, USA  *  RFC 4645  *  UTN #14 http://www.=
ewellic.org http://www1.ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/ietf-languages  ?




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	Languages, langage and langue
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Thread-Topic: RFC 4646 bis; IANA's Register; Languages, langage and langue
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To: "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>, "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>,
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] RFC 4646 bis; IANA's Register;
	Languages, langage and langue
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Dear Doug, =


I thank you very much for your answer.
As I already made clear, I have no strong objection to the insertion of sig=
ned languages inside ISO 639-3 and ISO 639-5, so inside the wanted RFC 4646=
 bis.
I only want to make clear, because this has been strongly discussed here, t=
hat:
-(i) the french term "langue", not "language" is adequate, from the beginni=
ng and still now, as an french equivalent to the english term "language" in=
 the general title of ISO 639 series.
-(ii) the recent extension of ISO 639 to "Sign languages", that is coherent=
 with the recent shift in french from "langage des signes" to "langue des s=
ignes", was clearly not foreseen and is also not today covered by ISO 639-1=
 and ISO 639-2. =


Amicalement.
G=E9rard LANG

-----Message d'origine-----
De : Doug Ewell [mailto:doug@ewellic.org] =

Envoy=E9 : vendredi 17 octobre 2008 15:17
=C0 : LTRU Working Group
Cc : Lang G=E9rard
Objet : Re: RFC 4646 bis; IANA's Register; Languages, langage and langue

[removing ietf-languages from cc: list; it can be added back if a specific =
subtag request emerges]

Lang G=E9rard <gerard dot lang at insee dot fr> wrote:

> -(i) The proper reason of my first message to you and some others was =

> the fact that the transition for IANA's registry resulting from the =

> insertion of all ISO 639-3 (and also ISO 639-5) entries inside this =

> Register would increase the number of concerned "language names" from =

> around 500 to around 8000. And this is not only a technical question, =

> this is in fact a real change of the nature of the Register.

I'm not sure I agree that increasing the number of subtags by a factor of 1=
6, in and of itself, represents a fundamental change in the nature of the R=
egistry.  It certainly makes it larger, if that's what you mean.

> -(ii) As is also the fact to recognize "families or groups of language =

> names" at the same standing than "language names", that results from =

> the wanted insertion of ISO 639-5 entries in the Register, and does =

> not clearly result from the current RFC 4646 bis title "Tags for =

> Identifying Languages".

RFC 3066 set the precedent by admitting subtags based on ISO 639-2, which i=
ncludes code elements for collections such as "Algonquian languages."  We d=
on't introduce a new policy by utilizing ISO 639-5.  On the contrary, by co=
mpleting the set of collections, we are applying the same principle that we=
 applied by utilizing ISO 639-3 to complete the set of individual languages.

> -(iii) I also do not think that the indication of the different =

> considered parts of ISO 639, with their titles, inside the list of =

> Normative References is giving sufficient informations, because ISO
> 639-2 "Part 2: Alpha-3 Code" explicitely contains simultaneouisly =

> "single language code elements" and "collective language code =

> elements" (that are also coded under ISO 639-5).

OK, I take back what I said about the titles of ISO 639-3 and 639-5 indicat=
ing their scope, if you think the title of ISO 639-2 makes this argument in=
valid.

I still maintain that it is not necessary to explain *in the
Introduction* when draft-4645 uses code elements from ISO 639-3 and when it=
 uses those from ISO 639-5.  There is only one code element that occurs in =
both 639-3 and 639-5, and that case is explained in the appropriate section.

> Moreover, as I previously exchanged with Randy Presuhn, if most of the =

> tables of ISO 639-1, ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 (but not of ISO 639-5) =

> are "publicly and freely available", this is not the case concerning =

> the normative text of these standards that you are referring to, =

> explaining that they give sufficient explanations.

As Randy previously exchanged with you, "publicly and freely available" =

is not a requirement for RFCs.  I stand corrected on this point.

> -(iv) I also want to add that neither RFC 4646 bis nor ISO 639 gives =

> any definition of the term "Language". So, I have been surprised that =

> my proposition to insert the "Glossary of Terms for the =

> Standardization of Geographical Names" published by the United Group =

> of experts on Geographical Names" inside the list of "Informative =

> References" of 4646 bis to remedy this lack was refused. Moreover, on =

> thebasis of the reasons given to refuse this proposition, I am not =

> sure that all sources present in "9.2 Informative references" could be =

> conserved.

I suppose it wouldn't hurt to add a sentence to draft-4646bis that provides=
 a working definition of "language."  This would be a drop in the ocean, co=
nsidering the length of the draft.

I do think it would be a procedural error to insert a reference to somethin=
g like UNGEGN without including text in the draft that refers to that refer=
ence.  Adding this reference does not provide the definition for us.  This =
is one reason why the request to add a reference to ISO
3166-2 was wrong: there is no text in the draft that refers to it (nor shou=
ld there be).

> 2-Returning to the question "Langage/Langue" and ISO 639 history, for =

> which you asked someone to verify, I can propose the following
> analysis:

If I did ask for an extensive history of ISO 639, I sincerely apologize.

> That the scope of ISO 639-2 does not include "Sign languages" seems =

> clear from the intended applications. Anyway, none of the 430 ISO
> 639-2 published language names is an entry of this sort.

The scope of ISO 639 has expanded through the years, from written languages=
 to spoken and signed languages.  That is a fact, regardless of the exclusi=
on of sign languages from earlier and more restricted parts of 639, and reg=
ardless of the etymology of the word "langue."

ISO 639-1 does not include code elements for the Konkani and Hawai'ian lang=
uages, and I do not think it would be fair to consider this a justification=
 for excluding them from parts of 639 that are intended to be more comprehe=
nsive.  The same goes for sign languages.

It is not appropriate (IMHO) to regard the exclusion of computer programmin=
g languages from ISO 639 as a precedent that should be applied to sign lang=
uages.  Programming languages are not intended for communicating arbitrary =
linguistic content between humans.  Sign languages are.

Whether you like it or not, and clearly you don't, sign languages ARE withi=
n the scope of RFC 4646bis, and we do not plan to remove them based on your=
 arguments.

--
Doug Ewell  *  Thornton, Colorado, USA  *  RFC 4645  *  UTN #14 http://www.=
ewellic.org http://www1.ietf.org/html.charters/ltru-charter.html
http://www.alvestrand.no/mailman/listinfo/ietf-languages  ^

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] RFC 4646 bis; IANA's Register;
 Languages, langage and langue
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 Here you are saying that "langues" is a good choice for a translation of t=
he English word "language" because it distinguishes human languages which t=
he codes here are for (with the exception of the code zxx) from machine lan=
guages.  Fine, but I do think we want it to include "sign languages" which =
I think "langue" includes though I am not a native French speaker.

Thanks.




From: Lang G=E9rard =

Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2008 12:14:33 +0200

> The title of ISO 639 has been slightly modified (Code for.... becomes Cod=
es for...),
> but the choice of  the french term"langue" and not "langage" as equivalen=
t for the english term "language", has not been modified.
> This choice has also a (partial) justification by the fact that " Languag=
es designed exclusively for machine use, such as computer programming langu=
ages" are certainly "langages" and certainly not "langues" in french; so th=
is choice is certainly all but hazardous, it is clearly well-founded and mo=
tivated.
I agree so far.  Here you are saying that "langues" is a good choice for a =
translation of the English word "language" because it distinguishes human l=
anguages which the codes here are for (with the exception of the code zxx) =
from machine languages


> That the scope of ISO 639-2 does not include "Sign languages" seems clear=
 from the intended applications.


??
> Anyway, none of the 430 ISO 639-2 published language names is an entry of=
 this sort.


I think that as you've noted the list is growing; so I do not quite agree w=
ith your point here.

Best,



--C. E. Whitehead
cewcathar@hotmail.com
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt --
 Editorial Comments Only
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From: "Doug Ewell" 

Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2008 18:41:51 -0600

 *   From: "Doug Ewell" 

> CE Whitehead  wrote:


>> However, it is section 2.3 of the draft, "Modified Language Subtags," par. 3, that I was referring to:

>> ". . . Language subtags corresponding to code elements that were identified in [ISO639-3] as representing collection codes, but not listed in [ISO639-5], were also assigned a Scope value of "collection".

Doug, I see that ISO 639-3 is all macro-languages and individual languages (http://www.sil.org/ISO639-3/codes.asp); I guess then I just want an explanation of where language subtag elements are assigned a scope value of collection; I see no "collections" listed among the ISO 639-3 codes since 2.3 of the draft mentions this.

>> I thought a note to this effect might be added to Section I, par. 2, to the end of the text below:

>> "[draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-17] expands on [RFC4646] by adding support for approximately 7,500 new primary and extended language subtags based on [ISO639-3] and [ISO639-5] alpha-3 code elements, and seven new region subtags based on [ISO3166-1] exceptionally reserved code elements. "

>> If no one else agrees, I'll drop it, but I do think we could have this section a tiny bit more specific.
Fine

> I do not agree. The normative references to both ISO 639-3 and 639-5 state the full names of these standards, showing that 639-3 encodes individual languages while 639-5 encodes "language families and groups." Sections 2.2 and 2.3 already explain how 639-3 and 639-5 code elements are used to form language subtags. I don't see any need to elaborate on this in the Introduction. --
> Doug Ewell * Thornton, Colorado, USA * RFC 4645 * UTN #14

O.k. What is the exact meaning of the comments in section 2.3, par. 3?
Because it is this that is confusing me actually, not the introduction.

Thanks!  (Sorry to ask such a dumb question)

--C. E. Whitehead
cewcathar@hotmail.com

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Subject: Re: [Ltru] RFC 4646 bis; IANA's Register;
	Languages, langage and langue
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Hi -

As co-chair:

We're trying to wrap up a working group last call.
Discussion of what may or may not be appropriate
translations for the English word "language" into other
languages is off-topic.  Operational experience with
RFC 4646 adequately demonstrates that the current
use of the word "language" is sufficiently clear, and I've
seen neither persuasive technical justification or any
indication that there is a consensus that a change is
needed in this area.

Randy

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From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Doug Ewell
Sent: Friday, October 17, 2008 8:58 PM


> In the current Registry there are two subtags in particular, 'bh' for
> Bihari and 'him' for Himachali.  By definition, based on their type and
> length, these came from ISO 639-1 and 639-2 respectively.  They are not
> encoded in either ISO 639-3 or 639-5, but they are listed on the ISO
> 639-3 Web site as "collective" codes...

> ISO 639-2 does include code elements for language collections, but they
> aren't formally identified with a special property the way they are in
> 639-3.  Instead, 639-2 has a guideline (stated in their FAQ) that "The
> words 'languages' or '(Other)' indicates that a language code is a
> collective one."  Evidently this naming convention was not applied to
> these two code elements, and perhaps that explains why ISO 639-5 failed
> to pick them up as collections.

This is one of the cases that I asked the JAC to review before ISO 639-3 was published but that they did not review in time. It still hasn't been reviewed. If it is problematic for RFC 4645bis, we should be able to request some expedited action to resolve it.



Peter
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Date: Sat, 18 Oct 2008 10:56:39 -0400
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Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis-06.txt --
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Oct 19 08:32:26 2008
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From: "Felix Sasaki" <fsasaki@w3.org>
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I have updated a language tag analyzer I had written a while ago, to the
ANBF and the registry in the last call drafts. See
http://www.w3.org/2008/05/lta/
The tool should help to educate about the form of language tags and
various constraints. Currently only two are tested: validity and
repitition of singleton in extensions. More are about to come at some
point in time. Feedback & suggestions are very welcome. Also: if somebody
wants to localize the (error) messages in
http://www.w3.org/2008/05/lta/02/messages.xml
into further languages: you are very welcome :)

Felix
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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Oct 20 17:46:38 2008
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From: "Broome, Karen" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>
To: "fsasaki@w3.org" <fsasaki@w3.org>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2008 17:45:56 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Language Tag Analyzer
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Felix,

Should it have thrown an error on "zh-cmn-TW"? (It didn't.)

Regards,

Karen Broome
________________________________________
From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Felix Sasaki [fsasaki@w3.org]
Sent: Sunday, October 19, 2008 8:33 AM
To: LTRU Working Group
Subject: [Ltru] Language Tag Analyzer

I have updated a language tag analyzer I had written a while ago, to the
ANBF and the registry in the last call drafts. See
http://www.w3.org/2008/05/lta/
The tool should help to educate about the form of language tags and
various constraints. Currently only two are tested: validity and
repitition of singleton in extensions. More are about to come at some
point in time. Feedback & suggestions are very welcome. Also: if somebody
wants to localize the (error) messages in
http://www.w3.org/2008/05/lta/02/messages.xml
into further languages: you are very welcome :)

Felix
_______________________________________________
Ltru mailing list
Ltru@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


_______________________________________________
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https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru


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Broome, Karen scripsit:

> Should it have thrown an error on "zh-cmn-TW"? (It didn't.)

Why would it?  Under 3066bis that will be a valid tag.

-- 
The Unicode Standard does not encode            John Cowan
idiosyncratic, personal, novel, or private      http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
use characters, nor does it encode logos
or graphics.                                    cowan@ccil.org
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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: John Cowan <cowan@ccil.org>, "Broome, Karen" <Karen_Broome@spe.sony.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Oct 2008 21:03:31 -0700
Thread-Topic: [Ltru] Language Tag Analyzer
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Recte: 4646bis.

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of John Cowan
> Sent: Monday, October 20, 2008 5:51 PM
> To: Broome, Karen
> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Language Tag Analyzer
> 
> Broome, Karen scripsit:
> 
> > Should it have thrown an error on "zh-cmn-TW"? (It didn't.)
> 
> Why would it?  Under 3066bis that will be a valid tag.
> 
> --
> The Unicode Standard does not encode            John Cowan
> idiosyncratic, personal, novel, or private
> http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
> use characters, nor does it encode logos
> or graphics.                                    cowan@ccil.org
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
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From: "Felix Sasaki" <fsasaki@w3.org>
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> Recte: 4646bis.


Exactly. The underlying ABNF and the registry are taken from the last call
drafts.

Felix

>
> Addison
>
> Addison Phillips
> Globalization Architect -- Lab126
>
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
>> Behalf Of John Cowan
>> Sent: Monday, October 20, 2008 5:51 PM
>> To: Broome, Karen
>> Cc: ltru@ietf.org
>> Subject: Re: [Ltru] Language Tag Analyzer
>>
>> Broome, Karen scripsit:
>>
>> > Should it have thrown an error on "zh-cmn-TW"? (It didn't.)
>>
>> Why would it?  Under 3066bis that will be a valid tag.
>>
>> --
>> The Unicode Standard does not encode            John Cowan
>> idiosyncratic, personal, novel, or private
>> http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
>> use characters, nor does it encode logos
>> or graphics.                                    cowan@ccil.org
>> _______________________________________________
>> Ltru mailing list
>> Ltru@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ltru
>

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From ltru-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Oct 21 21:14:16 2008
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Doug Ewell scripsit:

> >Description: Cuneiform, Sumero-Akkadian <--- but compare 
> >Description: Cuneiform Luwian
> 
> The first is a script; the second is a language.  I can't make any 
> assumption as to whether the usage of "Cuneiform" is parallel in these 
> two names.  I think it would be maximally consistent to uninvert 
> "Cuneiform, Sumero-Akkadian" and leave "Cuneiform Luwian" alone.

That's the Right Thing.  The former is the style of cuneiform characters
used to write Sumerian and Akkadian; the latter is the type of Luwian
written with cuneiform characters.

-- 
John Cowan   cowan@ccil.org  http://www.ccil.org/~cowan
Most languages are dramatically underdescribed, and at least one is
dramatically overdescribed.  Still other languages are simultaneously
overdescribed and underdescribed.  Welsh pertains to the third category.
        --Alan King
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From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Peter Constable
Sent: Friday, October 17, 2008 10:04 PM

>> In the current Registry there are two subtags in particular, 'bh' for
>> Bihari and 'him' for Himachali...

> This is one of the cases that I asked the JAC to review before ISO 639-3
> was published but that they did not review in time. It still hasn't been
> reviewed...

Let me give a little more precise detail. In early 2004, I made a list (if I've counted correctly) 93 issues involving 107 different entries in 639-2. I got comments from one JAC participant fairly soon, but then didn't get JAC as a commenting and bringing closure to issues. Over the next couple of years, there were a few occasions in which I needed an immediate decision on one of the issues, and got the JAC to come to consensus, but in terms of the whole I hadn't succeeded in getting closure.

Then, in October 2006, as 639-3 was in its last ballot, the window of opportunity for the JAC to act before 639-3 was published was running out. Three of the 93 items had been explicitly resolved, with 90 left to close. So, I took a different approach. First, I identified 46 that really were not controversial, and considered them to have been tacitly accepted by the absence of any concerns raised. (Most were decisions to deem items to be macrolanguages -- alternatives would have been collection or to narrow denotation to one specific variety.) There were another 6 that really didn't need to be decided before 639-3 was published (e.g. whether mo/mol means the same as ro/ron/rum or not). That left 38 items I wanted decisions on. I broke those into chunks of similar items and started getting the JAC to review one batch at a time. Within a month, I had closure on 19 of those items -- and if you look at the 639-2 change history, you'll see a flurry of changes between 2006-10-25 and 2006-11-22 (http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_changes.php).

Now, when I organized those batches of similar items, I chose to leave out any languages of India, having in mind to discuss those last, as they included some of the most complicated cases and so were most likely to end up getting bogged down in inaction. I ended up with 12 issues on which I never got a JAC decision (but would have wanted to) before 639-3 went live:


Language        ID            Proposed change
Bihari      bh/bih      collection
Himachali   him         collection
Rajasthani  raj         macrolanguage
Konkani     kok         macrolanguage
Malay         ms/msa/may  macrolanguage
Marwari     mwr         macrolanguage
Swahili     sw/swa      macrolanguage
Dogri       doi         macrolanguage
Lahnda      lah         macrolanguage
Panjabi     pa/pan      clarify denotation
Tibetan     bo/bod/tib  clarify denotation

After 639-3 was published, the urgency (and in some cases even the opportunity) for discussing these and taking actions went away.



Peter
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From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Doug Ewell
Sent: Saturday, October 18, 2008 10:49 AM

> If you're thinking about knocking on the JAC's door, you might inquire
> when the 639-5 site is going to be available, so we can find out about
> updates and find out whether they've fixed problems like this one and
> 'car'.  I heard that site was supposed to be ready by September.

It's more of an LOC issue than a JAC issue. LOC is working on it, and is aware that it is overdue. They've been delayed for reasons not entirely under their control.



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Dear LTRU WG members,

Just for the record, this is an official announcement that the WG
last calls for draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis and draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis
have completed, in the judgement of the chairs successfully.

The editors are now working on a concerted re-publishing of their
drafts along the lines discussed already on this mailing list.

We will then give everybody a very short window to check whether
there haven't been any hickups when integrating the last call
comments, and then we should be able to send the two documents
to our ADs and to the IESG.

Regards,     Martin.


#-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
#-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp       mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp     

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: Martin Duerst <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>, LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2008 08:04:26 -0700
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The proto-draft-18 has been posted to inter-locale. I have not yet run idnits and the other tools nor done a final proof. Doug and I are coordinating offline for submission "near simultaneously" tomorrow. The curious may see draft-18 at:

  http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-18.html
  http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-18.txt
  http://www.inter-locale.com/ID/draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-18.xml

With a diff:

  http://tinyurl.com/6eslj5

For the editors,

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ltru-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ltru-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Martin Duerst
> Sent: Friday, October 31, 2008 3:21 AM
> To: LTRU Working Group
> Subject: [Ltru] WG Last Calls completed
> 
> Dear LTRU WG members,
> 
> Just for the record, this is an official announcement that the WG
> last calls for draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis and draft-ietf-ltru-4645bis
> have completed, in the judgement of the chairs successfully.
> 
> The editors are now working on a concerted re-publishing of their
> drafts along the lines discussed already on this mailing list.
> 
> We will then give everybody a very short window to check whether
> there haven't been any hickups when integrating the last call
> comments, and then we should be able to send the two documents
> to our ADs and to the IESG.
> 
> Regards,     Martin.
> 
> 
> #-#-#  Martin J. Du"rst, Assoc. Professor, Aoyama Gakuin University
> #-#-#  http://www.sw.it.aoyama.ac.jp
> mailto:duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ltru mailing list
> Ltru@ietf.org
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Hi -

> From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
> To: "Martin Duerst" <duerst@it.aoyama.ac.jp>; "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
> Sent: Friday, October 31, 2008 8:04 AM
> Subject: Re: [Ltru] WG Last Calls completed
...
> Doug and I are coordinating offline for submission "near simultaneously" tomorrow.
...

Keep in mind http://www.ietf.org/meetings/73/73-cutoff_dates.html
looms near.

Randy

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From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: LTRU Working Group <ltru@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2008 19:17:06 -0700
Thread-Topic: draft-18 is submitted...
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... a bit on the early side. Diffs and links and such remain the same from my previous email.

For the editors,

Addison

Addison Phillips
Globalization Architect -- Lab126

Internationalization is not a feature.
It is an architecture.


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Dated October 31 or November 1?

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Phillips, Addison" <addison@amazon.com>
To: "LTRU Working Group" <ltru@ietf.org>
Cc: "Doug Ewell" <doug@ewellic.org>
Sent: Friday, October 31, 2008 20:17
Subject: draft-18 is submitted...


> ... a bit on the early side. Diffs and links and such remain the same 
> from my previous email.
>
> For the editors,
>
> Addison
>
> Addison Phillips
> Globalization Architect -- Lab126
>
> Internationalization is not a feature.
> It is an architecture.
>
>
> 

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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Language Tag Registry Update Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : Tags for Identifying Languages
	Author(s)       : A. Phillips, M. Davis
	Filename        : draft-ietf-ltru-4646bis-18.txt
	Pages           : 88
	Date            : 2008-10-31

This document describes the structure, content, construction, and
semantics of language tags for use in cases where it is desirable to
indicate the language used in an information object.  It also
describes how to register values for use in language tags and the
creation of user-defined extensions for private interchange.

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