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From: Jangeun Jun <jjun@unity.ncsu.edu>
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        naoumov@inf.ethz.ch, jjun@ncsu.edu
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Subject: [manet] Re:Question: Scalalbe DSDV code in ns-2?
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Hello all,

Thank you very much for all of your comments. I really appreciate them.
As all of you pointed out, ns-2 will be much slower for a large
number of nodes and will take a long simulation time.
On top of it, ns-2's DSDV code has a critical limit that it cannot handle
more than 100 nodes. Actually, the latter is what I am really concerned
about. With this limit in DSDV code, there is no use of an enhanced version of
ns-2.
( But Valeri Naoumov's enhanced version of ns-2 will greatly help other
users who want fast and efficient simulation. Hopefully, it will become
available online soon. )

Therefore, I am now looking at Glomosim but it seems that Glomosim's DSDV
was ported from ns-2's DSDV. (ugh~~)
Maybe we should try using Glomosim's Bellman-Ford with some modification.

Regards,

-Jangeun Jun


> From: Kenneth Brayer <kb@mitre.org>
> To: Jangeun Jun <jjun@unity.ncsu.edu>
> CC: ma11@uow.edu.au, ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au, manet@ietf.org,
>         Mihail L Sichitiu <mlsichit@unity.ncsu.edu>
> Subject: Re: [manet] Question: Scalalbe DSDV code in ns-2?
>
> This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
> --------------080100030405040900010007
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
>
> Jangeun
>
> You have another problem. Mario Gerla of UCLA, CS Dept., gave a talk in
> a panel discussion at Milcom 2002 pointing out that ns-2 is very slow
> above a few hundred nodes. He suggested Qualnet as a simulator for large
> networks and ran a 1000 node example of I think LANMAR above AODV(?). It
> took minutes. He said ns-2 would run for like days(?). Mario can
> probably give you better info.
> Ken
>

> From: Val Naoumov <naoumov@inf.ethz.ch>
> Reply-To: naoumov@inf.ethz.ch
> Organization: ETH Zentrum
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [manet] Question: Scalalbe DSDV code in ns-2? ANSWER: Scalable
>  ns-2.
>
> Kenneth is right - the main problem not in DSDV code to ns-2 but in ns-2
> itself.
>
> We modified ns-2 in order to improve performance results (runtime).
> Our modification of ns-2 is based on the idea of exploiting the limited
> interference of wireless communication. The modified simulator has
> simulated populations of up to 3000 nodes so far and works 2-20 times
> faster than the original version. The speedup depends on the number of
> nodes, the size of the simulation area and on the data traffic. The
> higher the number of nodes and the larger the simulation area, the
> better the runtime improvement (provided there exists sufficient data
> traffic).
>
> We presented the fast ns-2 in MSWiM 2003 paper:
> 	http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/940991.941001
>
> Valeri Naoumov
> --
> Institute of Computer Systems
> ETH Zurich
> Switzerland
> http://www.inf.ethz.ch/~naoumov
>


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Date: Sun, 2 Nov 2003 21:05:59 +0800
From: Hang Su <shzju@eyou.com>
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Subject: [manet] I have a few of questions about the energy consumption of IEEE
 802.11.
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Hi all,

Firstly,
In the paper

Laura Marie Feeney, Martin Nilsson
"Investigating the Energy Consumption of a Wireless Network Interface in an
Ad Hoc Networking Environment (2001)"
IEEE Infocom 2001

The Lucent IEEE802.11 2Mbps WaveLAN PC Card power consumption characters is measured as
follow, Idle power : 843mW , Receive power : 967mW , Transmit power : 1327mW.

>From the above, we can see the Idle power is close to the receive power.
The live time of a node is greatly depend on the idle power.
Assume the node initial energy is 1000W*s and there are two node.
One always receives data and the other never.
Then the one that always receives dies after 1000 / 843e-3 = 1186(s).
and the one that never receives dies after 1000 / 967e-3 = 1034 (s).
The tow nodes did at the almost same time.

So in the IEEE 802.11, the energy consumption of the promiscuous receive mode and 
the discard mode is almost the same. 

Is the above analysis right?

Secondly,
And I have another question why the idle power is so great.
If I do some simulation about the energy consumption, can I set the idle power to zero?

Thanks in advance.



-- 

Hang Su.

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Subject: Re: [manet] I have a few of questions about the energy consumption of 
 IEEE802.11.
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Hang Su,

The observation below was empirical of a single device and was not the result of employing
any of the energy conservation protocols that are part of the 802.11 MAC.  This
observations says that when a node is in the receive state in anticipation of receiving a
packet it will consume more energy than when it is in the receive state and can drop a
packet because it knows the packet is not destined for itself.  The fact the node does not
process the packet conserves energy.  However, 802.11 devices have even greater energy
conserving states where they consume about 5-10% the energy they consume while in the
full-up receive state.  The challenge in using these latter protocols is that they result
in  nodes being unaware of what is going on in the network.  If feasible, entering a doze
state could result in significant savings.

In my judgement, the interesting part of this observation has more to do with transition
time.  A challenge in using low energy states is that it can take a long time to enter and
then to leave those states.  This transition from full-up receive and receive without
packet processing seemed nearly instantaneous as opposed to tens to hundreds of
milliseconds.  Perhaps in future 802.11 modems, additional low energy states, perhaps at
30-60% of the receive state power, with faster transition times (tens of microseconds) will
be made available.

John

Hang Su wrote:

> Hi all,
>
> Firstly,
> In the paper
>
> Laura Marie Feeney, Martin Nilsson
> "Investigating the Energy Consumption of a Wireless Network Interface in an
> Ad Hoc Networking Environment (2001)"
> IEEE Infocom 2001
>
> The Lucent IEEE802.11 2Mbps WaveLAN PC Card power consumption characters is measured as
> follow, Idle power : 843mW , Receive power : 967mW , Transmit power : 1327mW.
>
> From the above, we can see the Idle power is close to the receive power.
> The live time of a node is greatly depend on the idle power.
> Assume the node initial energy is 1000W*s and there are two node.
> One always receives data and the other never.
> Then the one that always receives dies after 1000 / 843e-3 = 1186(s).
> and the one that never receives dies after 1000 / 967e-3 = 1034 (s).
> The tow nodes did at the almost same time.
>
> So in the IEEE 802.11, the energy consumption of the promiscuous receive mode and
> the discard mode is almost the same.
>
> Is the above analysis right?

> Secondly,
> And I have another question why the idle power is so great.
> If I do some simulation about the energy consumption, can I set the idle power to zero?
>
> Thanks in advance.
>
> --
>
> Hang Su.
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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From: Sourabh Sharma <stuss@i2r.a-star.edu.sg>
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Subject: [manet] Need for DAD in Ad Hoc Networks
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Dear All,

 I would like some authoritative answers on this.

 Since IPv6 Autoconf scheme uses 48 bit MACID for autconfiguration
 of IPaddress - DAD is proposed due to the following reasons:
 -  MAC Ids are designed to be unique but are not gauranteed.
 -  Some users/ devices may use random MAC IDs -->might lead to duplicates

 My argument for Not using DAD in Ad hoc networks is as follows:

 - Finding a node within an ad hoc network with the same MACID has
    a very low probability
 - Finding a node within an ad hoc network with the same MACID + SubNET ID
   has an even lower probability.
   In case of Small ad hoc networks - this probability can be safely
   assumed to be zero.

  Thus, in case of using DSR ( where it is assumed that nw_diameter is
  small --> especially in the case of IPv6 where each IP address in the
  source route is 32 bytes, the network cannot support more than 5-7
   hops.) we can say that not using DAD will not cause any problems.

 Please let me know of your opinion on this.

 Regards,
 Sourabh Sharma
 I2R, Singapore


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Date: Mon, 3 Nov 2003 13:32:23 +0800
From: Hang Su <shzju@eyou.com>
To: John Stine <jstine@mitre.org>
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] I have a few of questions about the energy consumption
 of  IEEE802.11.
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Hi John Stine,

In the paper,
Juan Carlos Cano and Pietro Manzoni, 
"Evaluating the energyconsumption reduction in a MANET by dynamically switching-off network interfaces,"
Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, Hammamet, Tunisia, July 2001.

the idle power mode current which is used to do the simulation is set to 15mA.
That is to say the power consumption is 15 * 5 = 75(mW) in the idle mode.
While the power consumption is 178 * 5 = 890(mW) in the L.M. Feeney's paper.
Why the distinction between the two papers is so sharp.

Regards,

---
Hang Su




On Sun, 02 Nov 2003 11:18:21 -0500
John Stine <jstine@mitre.org> wrote:

> Hang Su,
> 
> The observation below was empirical of a single device and was not the result of employing
> any of the energy conservation protocols that are part of the 802.11 MAC.  This
> observations says that when a node is in the receive state in anticipation of receiving a
> packet it will consume more energy than when it is in the receive state and can drop a
> packet because it knows the packet is not destined for itself.  The fact the node does not
> process the packet conserves energy.  However, 802.11 devices have even greater energy
> conserving states where they consume about 5-10% the energy they consume while in the
> full-up receive state.  The challenge in using these latter protocols is that they result
> in  nodes being unaware of what is going on in the network.  If feasible, entering a doze
> state could result in significant savings.
> 
> In my judgement, the interesting part of this observation has more to do with transition
> time.  A challenge in using low energy states is that it can take a long time to enter and
> then to leave those states.  This transition from full-up receive and receive without
> packet processing seemed nearly instantaneous as opposed to tens to hundreds of
> milliseconds.  Perhaps in future 802.11 modems, additional low energy states, perhaps at
> 30-60% of the receive state power, with faster transition times (tens of microseconds) will
> be made available.
> 
> John
> 
> Hang Su wrote:
> 
> > Hi all,
> >
> > Firstly,
> > In the paper
> >
> > Laura Marie Feeney, Martin Nilsson
> > "Investigating the Energy Consumption of a Wireless Network Interface in an
> > Ad Hoc Networking Environment (2001)"
> > IEEE Infocom 2001
> >
> > The Lucent IEEE802.11 2Mbps WaveLAN PC Card power consumption characters is measured as
> > follow, Idle power : 843mW , Receive power : 967mW , Transmit power : 1327mW.
> >
> > From the above, we can see the Idle power is close to the receive power.
> > The live time of a node is greatly depend on the idle power.
> > Assume the node initial energy is 1000W*s and there are two node.
> > One always receives data and the other never.
> > Then the one that always receives dies after 1000 / 843e-3 = 1186(s).
> > and the one that never receives dies after 1000 / 967e-3 = 1034 (s).
> > The tow nodes did at the almost same time.
> >
> > So in the IEEE 802.11, the energy consumption of the promiscuous receive mode and
> > the discard mode is almost the same.
> >
> > Is the above analysis right?
> 
> > Secondly,
> > And I have another question why the idle power is so great.
> > If I do some simulation about the energy consumption, can I set the idle power to zero?
> >
> > Thanks in advance.
> >
> > --
> >
> > Hang Su.
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> 
> 



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From: "haas@ece.cornell.edu" <haas@ece.cornell.edu>
To: Hang Su <shzju@eyou.com>
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] I have a few of questions about the energy consumption
 of IEEE 802.11.
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Hi Hang,

These numbers appear to be (relatively) consistent with other published 
data. Of course, there is also the "sleep" mode, in which the power 
consumption is significantly reduced. For example, see the following
reference on how to use this feature to increase the node lifetime:

	M.R. Pearlman, J. Deng, B. Liang, Z.J. Haas, ``Elective Participation
	in Ad Hoc Networks Based on Energy Consumption,'' IEEE GLOBECOM 2002, 
	Taipei, Taiwan, November 17-21, 2002

(you can download the paper from http://wnl.ece.cornell.edu/wnlprojects.html). 

Best,

ZYgmunt.
==-=-=====
~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-
Prof. Zygmunt J. Haas                    http://people.ece.cornell.edu/haas 
Wireless Networks Laboratory		 http://wnl.ece.cornell.edu
School of Electrical Engineering         
Cornell University			 tel: +1-607-255-3454
323 Frank Rhodes Hall			 fax: +1-607-255-9072
Ithaca, NY 14853			 e-mail: haas@ece.cornell.edu
U.S.A                             
	WNL web page: http://wnl.ece.cornell.edu
~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-

On Sun, 2 Nov 2003, Hang Su wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
> Firstly,
> In the paper
> 
> Laura Marie Feeney, Martin Nilsson
> "Investigating the Energy Consumption of a Wireless Network Interface in an
> Ad Hoc Networking Environment (2001)"
> IEEE Infocom 2001
> 
> The Lucent IEEE802.11 2Mbps WaveLAN PC Card power consumption characters is measured as
> follow, Idle power : 843mW , Receive power : 967mW , Transmit power : 1327mW.
> 
> From the above, we can see the Idle power is close to the receive power.
> The live time of a node is greatly depend on the idle power.
> Assume the node initial energy is 1000W*s and there are two node.
> One always receives data and the other never.
> Then the one that always receives dies after 1000 / 843e-3 = 1186(s).
> and the one that never receives dies after 1000 / 967e-3 = 1034 (s).
> The tow nodes did at the almost same time.
> 
> So in the IEEE 802.11, the energy consumption of the promiscuous receive mode and 
> the discard mode is almost the same. 
> 
> Is the above analysis right?
> 
> Secondly,
> And I have another question why the idle power is so great.
> If I do some simulation about the energy consumption, can I set the idle power to zero?
> 
> Thanks in advance.
> 
> 
> 
> -- 
> 
> Hang Su.
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> 
> 


_______________________________________________
manet mailing list
manet@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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Which proposal will be selected as the IEEE 802.15.3a standard? A =
consortium has just proposed to offer a RANDZ access to its patents. The =
industry is now waiting for the reply from the supporters of the other =
proposal.=20
This battle between technology heavyweights underlines the growing =
importance of a technology expected to generate $1.39 billion in revenue =
by 2007.
All questions and answers will be delivered during the UWB Summit to be =
held in Paris next 2-5 December.
All details at:
http://www.upperside.fr/newmobtech/uwb03cfp.htm

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<DIV><FONT color=3D#111111 size=3D2>Which proposal will be selected as =
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to=20
offer a RANDZ access to its patents. The industry is now waiting for the =
reply=20
from the supporters of the other proposal. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#111111 size=3D2>This battle between technology =
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underlines the growing importance of a technology expected to generate =
$1.39=20
billion in revenue by 2007.</FONT></DIV>
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delivered=20
during the <STRONG>UWB Summit </STRONG>to be held in Paris next 2-5=20
December.</FONT></DIV>
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<DIV><FONT color=3D#111111 size=3D2><A=20
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From: "J.Carlos Cano" <jucano@disca.upv.es>
To: "'Hang Su'" <shzju@eyou.com>, "'John Stine'" <jstine@mitre.org>
Cc: <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [manet] I have a few of questions about the energy consumption of  IEEE802.11.
Date: Mon, 3 Nov 2003 12:15:07 +0100
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Hi,

In the first page of the paper "Evaluating the energy consumption
reduction ..." when we present the energy consumption of the ORINOCO
Card. We said idle when we wanted to say sleep.

Bye.

-----Mensaje original-----
De: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] En nombre de Hang
Su
Enviado el: lunes, 03 de noviembre de 2003 6:32
Para: John Stine
CC: manet@ietf.org
Asunto: Re: [manet] I have a few of questions about the energy
consumption of IEEE802.11.

Hi John Stine,

In the paper,
Juan Carlos Cano and Pietro Manzoni, 
"Evaluating the energyconsumption reduction in a MANET by dynamically
switching-off network interfaces,"
Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications,
Hammamet, Tunisia, July 2001.

the idle power mode current which is used to do the simulation is set to
15mA.
That is to say the power consumption is 15 * 5 = 75(mW) in the idle
mode.
While the power consumption is 178 * 5 = 890(mW) in the L.M. Feeney's
paper.
Why the distinction between the two papers is so sharp.

Regards,

---
Hang Su




On Sun, 02 Nov 2003 11:18:21 -0500
John Stine <jstine@mitre.org> wrote:

> Hang Su,
> 
> The observation below was empirical of a single device and was not the
result of employing
> any of the energy conservation protocols that are part of the 802.11
MAC.  This
> observations says that when a node is in the receive state in
anticipation of receiving a
> packet it will consume more energy than when it is in the receive
state and can drop a
> packet because it knows the packet is not destined for itself.  The
fact the node does not
> process the packet conserves energy.  However, 802.11 devices have
even greater energy
> conserving states where they consume about 5-10% the energy they
consume while in the
> full-up receive state.  The challenge in using these latter protocols
is that they result
> in  nodes being unaware of what is going on in the network.  If
feasible, entering a doze
> state could result in significant savings.
> 
> In my judgement, the interesting part of this observation has more to
do with transition
> time.  A challenge in using low energy states is that it can take a
long time to enter and
> then to leave those states.  This transition from full-up receive and
receive without
> packet processing seemed nearly instantaneous as opposed to tens to
hundreds of
> milliseconds.  Perhaps in future 802.11 modems, additional low energy
states, perhaps at
> 30-60% of the receive state power, with faster transition times (tens
of microseconds) will
> be made available.
> 
> John
> 
> Hang Su wrote:
> 
> > Hi all,
> >
> > Firstly,
> > In the paper
> >
> > Laura Marie Feeney, Martin Nilsson
> > "Investigating the Energy Consumption of a Wireless Network
Interface in an
> > Ad Hoc Networking Environment (2001)"
> > IEEE Infocom 2001
> >
> > The Lucent IEEE802.11 2Mbps WaveLAN PC Card power consumption
characters is measured as
> > follow, Idle power : 843mW , Receive power : 967mW , Transmit power
: 1327mW.
> >
> > From the above, we can see the Idle power is close to the receive
power.
> > The live time of a node is greatly depend on the idle power.
> > Assume the node initial energy is 1000W*s and there are two node.
> > One always receives data and the other never.
> > Then the one that always receives dies after 1000 / 843e-3 =
1186(s).
> > and the one that never receives dies after 1000 / 967e-3 = 1034 (s).
> > The tow nodes did at the almost same time.
> >
> > So in the IEEE 802.11, the energy consumption of the promiscuous
receive mode and
> > the discard mode is almost the same.
> >
> > Is the above analysis right?
> 
> > Secondly,
> > And I have another question why the idle power is so great.
> > If I do some simulation about the energy consumption, can I set the
idle power to zero?
> >
> > Thanks in advance.
> >
> > --
> >
> > Hang Su.
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> 
> 



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Date: Mon, 03 Nov 2003 07:06:49 -0500
From: John Stine <jstine@mitre.org>
Organization: The MITRE Corporation
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Subject: Re: [manet] I have a few of questions about the energy consumptionof  
 IEEE802.11.
References: <20031102210559.358557af.shzju@eyou.com>
		<267790511.20561@eyou.com> <20031103133223.7eb029af.shzju@eyou.com>
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Those numbers are consistent with what I said.  The idle power mentioned in this paper is the energy
conservation state provided by the card they used.  Feeney's observation of a card using less energy when it
does not process a packet was not using this low energy state.  The energy conservation was a result of not
processing the packet.  The node was still sensing the channel and participating in the network.

John

Hang Su wrote:

> Hi John Stine,
>
> In the paper,
> Juan Carlos Cano and Pietro Manzoni,
> "Evaluating the energyconsumption reduction in a MANET by dynamically switching-off network interfaces,"
> Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, Hammamet, Tunisia, July 2001.
>
> the idle power mode current which is used to do the simulation is set to 15mA.
> That is to say the power consumption is 15 * 5 = 75(mW) in the idle mode.
> While the power consumption is 178 * 5 = 890(mW) in the L.M. Feeney's paper.
> Why the distinction between the two papers is so sharp.
>
> Regards,
>
> ---
> Hang Su
>
> On Sun, 02 Nov 2003 11:18:21 -0500
> John Stine <jstine@mitre.org> wrote:
>
> > Hang Su,
> >
> > The observation below was empirical of a single device and was not the result of employing
> > any of the energy conservation protocols that are part of the 802.11 MAC.  This
> > observations says that when a node is in the receive state in anticipation of receiving a
> > packet it will consume more energy than when it is in the receive state and can drop a
> > packet because it knows the packet is not destined for itself.  The fact the node does not
> > process the packet conserves energy.  However, 802.11 devices have even greater energy
> > conserving states where they consume about 5-10% the energy they consume while in the
> > full-up receive state.  The challenge in using these latter protocols is that they result
> > in  nodes being unaware of what is going on in the network.  If feasible, entering a doze
> > state could result in significant savings.
> >
> > In my judgement, the interesting part of this observation has more to do with transition
> > time.  A challenge in using low energy states is that it can take a long time to enter and
> > then to leave those states.  This transition from full-up receive and receive without
> > packet processing seemed nearly instantaneous as opposed to tens to hundreds of
> > milliseconds.  Perhaps in future 802.11 modems, additional low energy states, perhaps at
> > 30-60% of the receive state power, with faster transition times (tens of microseconds) will
> > be made available.
> >
> > John
> >
> > Hang Su wrote:
> >
> > > Hi all,
> > >
> > > Firstly,
> > > In the paper
> > >
> > > Laura Marie Feeney, Martin Nilsson
> > > "Investigating the Energy Consumption of a Wireless Network Interface in an
> > > Ad Hoc Networking Environment (2001)"
> > > IEEE Infocom 2001
> > >
> > > The Lucent IEEE802.11 2Mbps WaveLAN PC Card power consumption characters is measured as
> > > follow, Idle power : 843mW , Receive power : 967mW , Transmit power : 1327mW.
> > >
> > > From the above, we can see the Idle power is close to the receive power.
> > > The live time of a node is greatly depend on the idle power.
> > > Assume the node initial energy is 1000W*s and there are two node.
> > > One always receives data and the other never.
> > > Then the one that always receives dies after 1000 / 843e-3 = 1186(s).
> > > and the one that never receives dies after 1000 / 967e-3 = 1034 (s).
> > > The tow nodes did at the almost same time.
> > >
> > > So in the IEEE 802.11, the energy consumption of the promiscuous receive mode and
> > > the discard mode is almost the same.
> > >
> > > Is the above analysis right?
> >
> > > Secondly,
> > > And I have another question why the idle power is so great.
> > > If I do some simulation about the energy consumption, can I set the idle power to zero?
> > >
> > > Thanks in advance.
> > >
> > > --
> > >
> > > Hang Su.
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > manet mailing list
> > > manet@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
> >



_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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Date: Mon, 3 Nov 2003 20:35:20 +0800
From: Hang Su <shzju@eyou.com>
To: "J.Carlos Cano" <jucano@disca.upv.es>, "John Stine"
 <jstine@mitre.org>,
        "haas@ece.cornell.edu" <haas@ece.cornell.edu>
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] I have a few of questions about the energy consumption
 of  IEEE802.11.
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Hi ,

Here you said the "idle" equaled to "sleep". So when a node did not send a 
packet or receive a packet, which state did it work at, idle(890mW), or 
sleep(75mW) ?

Another question.
In your paper "Evaluating the energy consumption
reduction ...", you did the simulation without considering 
the idle power.
you said ``In this work we asssume that the idle status is energy free,
 - as well the evaluated MANET protocols will have similar energy cosumption.''
(in the paper p.188).
That is to say the node in your simulation only had two states ,tran. or recv..
The question is when the node work in idle mode, and when in sleep mode.

Regards,


Hang Su
-----


On Mon, 3 Nov 2003 12:15:07 +0100
"J.Carlos Cano" <jucano@disca.upv.es> wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> In the first page of the paper "Evaluating the energy consumption
> reduction ..." when we present the energy consumption of the ORINOCO
> Card. We said idle when we wanted to say sleep.
> 
> Bye.
> 
> -----Mensaje original-----
> De: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] En nombre de Hang
> Su
> Enviado el: lunes, 03 de noviembre de 2003 6:32
> Para: John Stine
> CC: manet@ietf.org
> Asunto: Re: [manet] I have a few of questions about the energy
> consumption of IEEE802.11.
> 
> Hi John Stine,
> 
> In the paper,
> Juan Carlos Cano and Pietro Manzoni, 
> "Evaluating the energyconsumption reduction in a MANET by dynamically
> switching-off network interfaces,"
> Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications,
> Hammamet, Tunisia, July 2001.
> 
> the idle power mode current which is used to do the simulation is set to
> 15mA.
> That is to say the power consumption is 15 * 5 = 75(mW) in the idle
> mode.
> While the power consumption is 178 * 5 = 890(mW) in the L.M. Feeney's
> paper.
> Why the distinction between the two papers is so sharp.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> ---
> Hang Su
> 
> 
> 
> 
> On Sun, 02 Nov 2003 11:18:21 -0500
> John Stine <jstine@mitre.org> wrote:
> 
> > Hang Su,
> > 
> > The observation below was empirical of a single device and was not the
> result of employing
> > any of the energy conservation protocols that are part of the 802.11
> MAC.  This
> > observations says that when a node is in the receive state in
> anticipation of receiving a
> > packet it will consume more energy than when it is in the receive
> state and can drop a
> > packet because it knows the packet is not destined for itself.  The
> fact the node does not
> > process the packet conserves energy.  However, 802.11 devices have
> even greater energy
> > conserving states where they consume about 5-10% the energy they
> consume while in the
> > full-up receive state.  The challenge in using these latter protocols
> is that they result
> > in  nodes being unaware of what is going on in the network.  If
> feasible, entering a doze
> > state could result in significant savings.
> > 
> > In my judgement, the interesting part of this observation has more to
> do with transition
> > time.  A challenge in using low energy states is that it can take a
> long time to enter and
> > then to leave those states.  This transition from full-up receive and
> receive without
> > packet processing seemed nearly instantaneous as opposed to tens to
> hundreds of
> > milliseconds.  Perhaps in future 802.11 modems, additional low energy
> states, perhaps at
> > 30-60% of the receive state power, with faster transition times (tens
> of microseconds) will
> > be made available.
> > 
> > John
> > 
> > Hang Su wrote:
> > 
> > > Hi all,
> > >
> > > Firstly,
> > > In the paper
> > >
> > > Laura Marie Feeney, Martin Nilsson
> > > "Investigating the Energy Consumption of a Wireless Network
> Interface in an
> > > Ad Hoc Networking Environment (2001)"
> > > IEEE Infocom 2001
> > >
> > > The Lucent IEEE802.11 2Mbps WaveLAN PC Card power consumption
> characters is measured as
> > > follow, Idle power : 843mW , Receive power : 967mW , Transmit power
> : 1327mW.
> > >
> > > From the above, we can see the Idle power is close to the receive
> power.
> > > The live time of a node is greatly depend on the idle power.
> > > Assume the node initial energy is 1000W*s and there are two node.
> > > One always receives data and the other never.
> > > Then the one that always receives dies after 1000 / 843e-3 =
> 1186(s).
> > > and the one that never receives dies after 1000 / 967e-3 = 1034 (s).
> > > The tow nodes did at the almost same time.
> > >
> > > So in the IEEE 802.11, the energy consumption of the promiscuous
> receive mode and
> > > the discard mode is almost the same.
> > >
> > > Is the above analysis right?
> > 
> > > Secondly,
> > > And I have another question why the idle power is so great.
> > > If I do some simulation about the energy consumption, can I set the
> idle power to zero?
> > >
> > > Thanks in advance.
> > >
> > > --
> > >
> > > Hang Su.
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > manet mailing list
> > > manet@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > 
> > 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> 



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Subject: [manet] OLSR: RFC 3626 observations.
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I have a number of observations regarding OLSR, as
currently defined by RFC 3626. Whether any of them
are ever taken on board depends on future plans for
OLSR and the manet group. (I note that post-RFC work
has already started on AODV.)

First nit-packing comments on the RFC.

- There are some erroneous references to the advertised
  link set that should be the advertised neighbor set in
  sections 9.2 (page 44), 9.3 (page 45), 15 (page 59),
  15.1 (page 60) and 15.2 (page 60) - multiple times in
  some cases.

- In section 9.3 (page 45) it should be a change to the
  advertised neighbor set, rather than the MPR selector
  set that provokes an additional TC message. (Of course
  by default the two are the same, but in general it is
  the advertised neighbor set which matters.)

Second some specific comments on the protocol. (Note that
these have been informed by having implemented the latest
version of the protocol, as now defined by the RFC.) Note
that any suggested changes are backward compatible (and
could interwork with the current version of the protocol).

- When considering neighbourhood changes, there is the
  case of two nodes each using the same two interfaces.
  If the nodes are symmetrically connected using one
  interface, and then the second interface link becomes
  symmetric, or if symmetrically connected using both
  interfaces and then the connection through one interface
  becomes asymmetric or lost, this does not count as a
  neighbourhood change as defined in Section 8.5 (page 42);
  in fact these cases are explicitly excluded there. This is
  appropriate for MPR Set recalculation, but not for Routing
  Table recalculation, although Section 10 (page 47) does not
  make this distinction. To illustrate the problem consider
  an example starting with a symmetric link using the first
  interface, but not using the second interface, one node
  (the first node) will route to either interface of the
  other node (the second node) using the first interface.
  Now add the parallel link using the second interface. If
  this is not regarded as a neighbour appearance then there
  will be no Routing Table change, and the Routing Table
  will use the slightly odd, but acceptable, route to the
  second interface address on the second node via the
  first interface. Now break the link using the first
  interface. If this is not a neighbourhood loss then again
  there will be no Routing Table change - but there is an
  invalid entry in the Routing Table.

  This suggests that a modification to sections 8.5 and
  section 10 would be appropriate.

- Section 10 point 2 (page 48) refers to main address without
  specifying where to get it from. The RFC defines main address
  in section 5.5 (page 27) and hence that definition should be
  used. However in the indicated point this is a 1-hop neighbour,
  hence the main address is also available in the associated
  Neighbour Tuple. Since the 1-hop link must be established
  before a MID message is received and the Interface Association
  Set is updated, not using the Neighbour Tuple will result in
  an unnecessary delay. Since the procedure in Section 10 is
  an example, it is not necessary to change the RFC to use the
  Neighbour Set at this point. However there are other circumstances
  where this additional information may be used. The protocol could
  be modified to add that an entry may be added to the Interface
  Association Set whenever a HELLO message's originator address and
  source address differ (the former is the main address, the latter
  is the interface address).

- On receipt of a MID message and update of the Interface
  Association Set to add a new entry, one or more interface
  addresses which were previously assumed to be main addresses
  will no longer be main addresses. There may then be two hop
  tuples each containing an interface, rather than a main, address
  of a two hop neighbours. This has the drawbacks both of having
  entries which are incorrect, and not having entries which are
  wanted, and losing the opportunity to "merge" entries. The
  absence of any wanted entries lasts until the next appropriate
  HELLO message, the unwanted entries last until they expire.

  The protocol could be modified such that if a MID message
  is received (may qualify to only consider the case where it
  adds a new entry to the Interface Association Set) and if
  there are any two hop tuples with neighbour address contained
  in the MID message then replace all of these two hop tuples
  with a single two hop tuple using the MID message originator
  address. The new tuple's expiry time should be the latest of
  all the replace tuples expiry times.

Third some points where protocol behaviour is not ideal, but
changes might not be 100% compatible.

- In point 2 of section 13 (page 56) and point 2 of section
  14.3 (page 58) the parameter NEIGHB_HOLD_TIME is used to
  define new link time(s). However all other entries in the
  Link Set use the NEIGHB_HOLD_TIME of the other end of the
  link, as reported in the Vtime field of a HELLO message.
  It would be more appropriate to save this Vtime value (in
  the same way that the Htime field is already saved) and
  use that rather than NEIGHB_HOLD_TIME. Note that this
  avoids (among other issues) a tuple's expiry time ever
  becoming earlier as could otherwise occur.

- The protocol contains features (in section 9.5, page 46)
  to handle out of order TC messages. However these features
  are imperfect, they rely on the physically first/logically
  second TC message adding an entry to the Topology Set
  so that the physically second/logically first TC message
  may be recognised as such and discarded. However if the
  physically first/logically second TC message is empty
  then no such entry will be added and the physically
  second/logically first TC message will not be discarded.
  It will add entries to the Topology Set, which defeats
  the object of the empty TC message, at least partially.

  I can see one easy, but ugly, fix. This is that an
  empty TC message could add a "dummy" entry to the
  Topology Set. This could be one where both T_dest_addr
  and T_last_addr are set to the originator address,
  and T_seq is set to the ANSN. (T_time would be set as
  usual.) The Routing Table update process would have to
  be modified to disregard entries with T_last_addr equal
  to T_dest_addr. However a cleaner approach would be
  better.

  This is not just a hypothetical case, we have observed
  it in simulation, albeit in circumstances which would
  be better removed by another approach. (However removal
  of the observed circumstances still leaves the case able
  to happen in other ways.) In the observed case an
  intermediate node first received a TC message. After
  processing it, it decided to forward it. It therefore
  scheduled a retransmission at a time delayed by a random
  jitter duration. Shortly thereafter (before the
  retransmission) it received another TC message, from the
  same originating node. It did the same, but scheduling it
  before the other message (owing to using a smaller random
  number).

  There are at least two possible fixes to prevent this
  occurring, but neither is suggested by the RFC

  - Discard the earlier TC message when queuing the
    later TC message. (This would be limited to
    messages from the same originating node with
    earlier ANSN.) This contradicts section 9.4 (page 45)
    which mandates use of the standard forwarding algorithm
    for TC messages.

  - Ensure that queued messages order is maintained. This
    could apply to all messages, all messages from the
    same origin, or all messages of the same type from the
    same origin. Technically it violates section 3.5
    (page 21) by using a different random delay distribution
    than that suggested. If adopted section 3.5 should be
    modified to indicate this.

Fourth an observation, without a specific suggestion here
(although I have considered some specifics I omit here as
the principles are more important).

- OLSR timing for tuple expiry etc. is now defined using the
  Vtime (and for a HELLO message Htime) fields of a message,
  i.e. timing is based on the message originator's parameter
  settings. In addition to the case noted above, there are
  two other cases where timing is not taken from the originator
  and where significantly different values of parameters on
  different nodes could interact badly.

  - Jitter delay, based on parameter MAXJITTER. Note that it
    is possible, as currently defined, for a message to be
    delayed by more than the interval between messages.
    Ideally use of the message interval would be preferable
    to use of the hold time (Vtime) but typically these will
    be related.

  - Duplicate hold time. In this case basing hold time on Vtime
    would also provide greater extensibility to new message
    types that might be significantly more or less frequent.





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From: Sourabh Sharma <stuss@i2r.a-star.edu.sg>
Subject: Re: [manet] Need for DAD in Ad Hoc Networks
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Hello Grady,

 Thanks for your reply. My next question would be - Is there a way
 to disbale DAD  in IPv6 implementation. as in can it be a
 configurable option ?
 because RFC2462 section 5.4 specifies DAD MUST take place on all unicast
 addresses

 Thanks,
 Sourabh

On Mon, 3 Nov 2003, JP O Grady wrote:

> What about IPv4. You may have a point in regard to IPv6 but obviously MACs cant be used in IPv4, therefore some sort of DAD process will be needed in IPv4.
> 
> JP O Grady
> Cork Institute of Technology
> Ireland
> 
> Subject: [manet] Need for DAD in Ad Hoc Networks
> 
> Dear All,
> 
>  I would like some authoritative answers on this.
> 
>  Since IPv6 Autoconf scheme uses 48 bit MACID for autconfiguration
>  of IPaddress - DAD is proposed due to the following reasons:
>  -  MAC Ids are designed to be unique but are not gauranteed.
>  -  Some users/ devices may use random MAC IDs -->might lead to duplicates
> 
>  My argument for Not using DAD in Ad hoc networks is as follows:
> 
>  - Finding a node within an ad hoc network with the same MACID has
>     a very low probability
>  - Finding a node within an ad hoc network with the same MACID + SubNET ID
>    has an even lower probability.
>    In case of Small ad hoc networks - this probability can be safely
>    assumed to be zero.
> 
>   Thus, in case of using DSR ( where it is assumed that nw_diameter is
>   small --> especially in the case of IPv6 where each IP address in the
>   source route is 32 bytes, the network cannot support more than 5-7
>    hops.) we can say that not using DAD will not cause any problems.
> 
>  Please let me know of your opinion on this.
> 
>  Regards,
>  Sourabh Sharma
>  I2R, Singapore
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> -------------------Legal  Disclaimer---------------------------------------
> 
> The above electronic mail transmission is confidential and intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. Its contents may be protected by legal and/or professional privilege. Should it be received by you in error please contact the sender at the above quoted email address. Any unauthorised form of reproduction of this message is strictly prohibited. The Institute does not guarantee the security of any information electronically transmitted and is not liable if the information contained in this communication is not a proper and complete record of the message as transmitted by the sender nor for any delay in its receipt.
> 
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 


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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Andreas_T=F8nnesen?= <andreto@ifi.uio.no>
To: "Dearlove, Chris (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
cc: manet@ietf.org, T.Clausen@computer.org, Philippe.Jacquet@inria.fr
Subject: Re: [manet] OLSR: RFC 3626 observations.
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On Mon, 3 Nov 2003, Dearlove, Chris (UK) wrote:
>
> - On receipt of a MID message and update of the Interface
>   Association Set to add a new entry, one or more interface
>   addresses which were previously assumed to be main addresses
>   will no longer be main addresses. There may then be two hop
>   tuples each containing an interface, rather than a main, address
>   of a two hop neighbours. This has the drawbacks both of having
>   entries which are incorrect, and not having entries which are
>   wanted, and losing the opportunity to "merge" entries. The
>   absence of any wanted entries lasts until the next appropriate
>   HELLO message, the unwanted entries last until they expire.
>
>   The protocol could be modified such that if a MID message
>   is received (may qualify to only consider the case where it
>   adds a new entry to the Interface Association Set) and if
>   there are any two hop tuples with neighbour address contained
>   in the MID message then replace all of these two hop tuples
>   with a single two hop tuple using the MID message originator
>   address. The new tuple's expiry time should be the latest of
>   all the replace tuples expiry times.
>

A node must only use its main address as originator address in all
packages, so one would never register nodes with an address that is not
the main address of that node.
So if I didn't missunderstand you, the case you describe should not
occur.

Andreas T=F8nnesen
UniK University Graduation Center
University of Oslo
http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~andreto/uolsrd/index.cgi

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To: "Dearlove, Chris (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>, manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] OLSR: RFC 3626 observations.
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Chris,  

You made several good observations regarding OLSR, including the problem
regarding out of order TC messages.  Another fix to this problem is to 
do what
OSPF does, i.e., require each TC message (or LSA) to include the entire
neighbor set (which could be empty). An empty LSA also has a sequence 
number.
To limit the message size, an LSA can be divided into pieces as in OSPFv3,
each piece being identified by its Link State ID.

This also fixes another problem when TC messages are partial:
when the first TC message with a larger sequence number is received,
assuming this TC message is partial, then all of the old tuples with the
same originator are removed, and you are left with only a partial 
neighbor set
until the other partial TC messages with the same sequence number are 
received,
which may not happen for several seconds since flooding is not reliable.

Regards,
Richard

Dearlove, Chris (UK) wrote:

>- The protocol contains features (in section 9.5, page 46)
>  to handle out of order TC messages. However these features
>  are imperfect, they rely on the physically first/logically
>  second TC message adding an entry to the Topology Set
>  so that the physically second/logically first TC message
>  may be recognised as such and discarded. However if the
>  physically first/logically second TC message is empty
>  then no such entry will be added and the physically
>  second/logically first TC message will not be discarded.
>  It will add entries to the Topology Set, which defeats
>  the object of the empty TC message, at least partially.
>
>  I can see one easy, but ugly, fix. This is that an
>  empty TC message could add a "dummy" entry to the
>  Topology Set. This could be one where both T_dest_addr
>  and T_last_addr are set to the originator address,
>  and T_seq is set to the ANSN. (T_time would be set as
>  usual.) The Routing Table update process would have to
>  be modified to disregard entries with T_last_addr equal
>  to T_dest_addr. However a cleaner approach would be
>  better.
>


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From: The IESG <iesg-secretary@ietf.org>
To: IETF-Announce:;
Cc: Internet Architecture Board <iab@iab.org>,
        RFC Editor <rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org>, <manet@ietf.org>
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Date: Mon, 03 Nov 2003 16:57:52 -0500
Subject: [manet] Document Action: 'Topology Dissemination Based on
 Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF)' to Experimental RFC
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The IESG has approved following document:

- 'Topology Dissemination Based on Reverse-Path Forwarding (TBRPF) '
   <draft-ietf-manet-tbrpf-11.txt> as an Experimental RFC

This document is the product of the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Working Group. 

The IESG contact persons are Alex Zinin and Bill Fenner.




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Date: Tue, 04 Nov 2003 10:47:12 +1030
From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
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Subject: [manet] Power Saving in 802.11
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Hi all

I have the following question and really appreaciate any feedback.

I am interested to know how much power we save when we reduce the 
transmission range of the sender. That is the power that drives the 
transmitter. Let say we used P1 for the transmission of range R1(250 m 
for WLAN). If I reduce the transmission range to R2 (R2<R1) how much 
power I will save ?. How can I express P2 as a function of P1 and the 
two transmission range, packet length..etc...Is there any model that I 
can use.

Thanks

Peter Pham





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From: Justin Lipman <justin@titr.uow.edu.au>
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Organization: TITR
To: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [manet] Power Saving in 802.11
Date: Tue, 4 Nov 2003 11:26:59 +1100
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Hi Peter,

I sent you a model a few weeks back...

In my papers I always use a simple first order radio model:

E_tx (k,d) = E_elec * k + E_amp * k * d^2
E_rx (k) = E_elec * k

where

E_elec = 50 nJ/bit
E_amp = 100 pJ/(bit*m^2)

as described in:

Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman and Anantha Chandrakasan and Hari Balakrishnan, 
"Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks",
Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2000.

Hope this helps,
Justin

- 
PhD Candidate
Telecommunications & Information Technology Research Institute
School of Computer, Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering
University of Wollongong, Australia 
http://www.titr.uow.edu.au/~justin


On Tue, 4 Nov 2003 11:17 am, Peter Pham wrote:
> Hi all
>
> I have the following question and really appreaciate any feedback.
>
> I am interested to know how much power we save when we reduce the
> transmission range of the sender. That is the power that drives the
> transmitter. Let say we used P1 for the transmission of range R1(250 m
> for WLAN). If I reduce the transmission range to R2 (R2<R1) how much
> power I will save ?. How can I express P2 as a function of P1 and the
> two transmission range, packet length..etc...Is there any model that I
> can use.
>
> Thanks
>
> Peter Pham
>
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet

-




_______________________________________________
manet mailing list
manet@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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From: "HyunWook Cha" <jafy@etri.re.kr>
To: "'Christophe Jelger'" <jelger@dpt-info.u-strasbg.fr>, <manet@ietf.org>
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Subject: [manet] Comment on manet gateway autoconf draft.
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Hello, Christophe.

I briefly read your draft. 
Please see following comments.

.GW_INFO_REFRESH_PERIOD(2 secs) is too short. This can degrade overall
manet capability.

.B_DISTANCE/F_DISTANCE 
- suffer from frequent change of global address in case of relatively
high mobility as you mentioned.
 
.B_STBILITY/F_STABILITY 
- I think this can not help prefix(addres) stability after all. In
manet, it is not queranteed that a given path with prefix continuity
will survive as you hope. In addition, your scheme allows forwarding of
GW_INFO with same prefix as already configured one when node receives
GW_INFOs. So, it is possible that a node can not receive fresh GW_INFO
for current prefix after upstream link fails although alternate path
toward correspon ding gateway exists and it should change its address.
- Irrespective of type of underlying routing protocols, this appoach can
cause inconsistency of route entry for gw and default route entry. This
is ok for proactive routing protocols except for above issue. However,
as for reactive routing protocols, prefix continuity does not help at
all and routing header is needed to avoid ingress filtering problem.
Becuase routing entry is created through routing protocol(you told that
in your draft), path along which packets travers can be different from
one with prefix continuity. If this is right, you should consider
applicability to reactive routing protocols again.

.Why do not you allow configuration of multiple global addresses from
multiple gateways?

I want to hear your answer.

Thank you in advance.

HyunWook 


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Hi Justin
Thanks for the info. I really appreaciate this.
However, it is questionable whether the model is close to the reality. 
In some other paper, in the receiving mode and idle mode, the node 
spends the same amount of energy approximately no matter whether it 
actually receives the data or not.
Furthermore, it does not model the fact that for a sent packet every 
node around the sending station in a certain range will  ``hear'' the 
packet thus will consume energy.
Cheers
Peter Pham

Justin Lipman wrote:

>Hi Peter,
>
>I sent you a model a few weeks back...
>
>In my papers I always use a simple first order radio model:
>
>E_tx (k,d) = E_elec * k + E_amp * k * d^2
>E_rx (k) = E_elec * k
>
>where
>
>E_elec = 50 nJ/bit
>E_amp = 100 pJ/(bit*m^2)
>
>as described in:
>
>Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman and Anantha Chandrakasan and Hari Balakrishnan, 
>"Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks",
>Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2000.
>
>Hope this helps,
>Justin
>
>- 
>PhD Candidate
>Telecommunications & Information Technology Research Institute
>School of Computer, Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering
>University of Wollongong, Australia 
>http://www.titr.uow.edu.au/~justin
>
>
>On Tue, 4 Nov 2003 11:17 am, Peter Pham wrote:
>  
>
>>Hi all
>>
>>I have the following question and really appreaciate any feedback.
>>
>>I am interested to know how much power we save when we reduce the
>>transmission range of the sender. That is the power that drives the
>>transmitter. Let say we used P1 for the transmission of range R1(250 m
>>for WLAN). If I reduce the transmission range to R2 (R2<R1) how much
>>power I will save ?. How can I express P2 as a function of P1 and the
>>two transmission range, packet length..etc...Is there any model that I
>>can use.
>>
>>Thanks
>>
>>Peter Pham
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>manet mailing list
>>manet@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>    
>>
>
>-
>
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
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>manet@ietf.org
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>
>
>  
>




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From: Justin Lipman <justin@titr.uow.edu.au>
Reply-To: justin@titr.uow.edu.au
Organization: TITR
To: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [manet] Power Saving in 802.11
Date: Tue, 4 Nov 2003 20:22:10 +1100
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References: <20031102210559.358557af.shzju@eyou.com> <200311041126.59882.justin@titr.uow.edu.au> <3FA74077.9000906@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
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Hi Peter,

> Thanks for the info. I really appreaciate this.
> However, it is questionable whether the model is close to the reality.
> In some other paper, in the receiving mode and idle mode, the node
> spends the same amount of energy approximately no matter whether it
> actually receives the data or not.

If you consider Feeny's measurements.
Idle power : 843mW , Receive power : 967mW , Transmit power : 1327mW.

The model could probably be adapted to encorporate these values including idle 
time etc.  However, Im pretty sure Feeny's paper has some linear models of 
consumption, does it not? I also think that differences between idle, receive 
and transmit power consumption are important when one considers the total 
number of packets sent and received by all nodes. Thus I think the validity 
of the model really depends on how you intend to use and interpret the 
results.

One more point, since I know you are looking at power saving schemes for ad 
hoc networks. Perhaps you should look at something along the lines of 
Activity Scheduling as described in:

J. Shaikh, J. Solano, I. Stojmenovic and J. Wu, New metrics for dominating set 
based energy efficient activity scheduling in ad hoc networks, Proc. WLN 
Workshop at IEEE Conf. on Local Computer Networks, Bonn, Germany, Oct. 20-24, 
2003.

It would be very interesting to find out the differences between idle, receive 
and transmit in newer 802.11 cards.

> Furthermore, it does not model the fact that for a sent packet every
> node around the sending station in a certain range will  ``hear'' the
> packet thus will consume energy.

Yes it does. If you want to model the energy consumed by a broadcast, then 
every node upon receiving a k-bit frame should adjust its available energy by 
E_rx(k). Likewise the transmitting node should adjust its remaining energy by 
E_tx(k,d). It just does not account for idle energy over time. 

cheerio,
Justin

-- 
PhD Candidate
Telecommunications & Information Technology Research Institute
School of Computer, Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering
University of Wollongong, Australia 
http://www.titr.uow.edu.au/~justin



> Cheers
> Peter Pham
>
> Justin Lipman wrote:
> >Hi Peter,
> >
> >I sent you a model a few weeks back...
> >
> >In my papers I always use a simple first order radio model:
> >
> >E_tx (k,d) = E_elec * k + E_amp * k * d^2
> >E_rx (k) = E_elec * k
> >
> >where
> >
> >E_elec = 50 nJ/bit
> >E_amp = 100 pJ/(bit*m^2)
> >
> >as described in:
> >
> >Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman and Anantha Chandrakasan and Hari Balakrishnan,
> >"Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor
> > Networks", Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System
> > Sciences, 2000.
> >
> >Hope this helps,
> >Justin
> >
> >-
> >PhD Candidate
> >Telecommunications & Information Technology Research Institute
> >School of Computer, Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering
> >University of Wollongong, Australia
> >http://www.titr.uow.edu.au/~justin
> >
> >On Tue, 4 Nov 2003 11:17 am, Peter Pham wrote:
> >>Hi all
> >>
> >>I have the following question and really appreaciate any feedback.
> >>
> >>I am interested to know how much power we save when we reduce the
> >>transmission range of the sender. That is the power that drives the
> >>transmitter. Let say we used P1 for the transmission of range R1(250 m
> >>for WLAN). If I reduce the transmission range to R2 (R2<R1) how much
> >>power I will save ?. How can I express P2 as a function of P1 and the
> >>two transmission range, packet length..etc...Is there any model that I
> >>can use.
> >>
> >>Thanks
> >>
> >>Peter Pham
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>_______________________________________________
> >>manet mailing list
> >>manet@ietf.org
> >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
> >-
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >manet mailing list
> >manet@ietf.org
> >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet





_______________________________________________
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Hi Peter & Justin,

If you want some in-depth measurements and models, you can also consider the following
reports (especially for TX power differences) :

http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/tr_01_007.pdf
and
http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/networking2002_withcover.pdf

Jean

> Hi Peter,
> 
>> Thanks for the info. I really appreaciate this.
>> However, it is questionable whether the model is close to the reality.
>> In some other paper, in the receiving mode and idle mode, the node
>> spends the same amount of energy approximately no matter whether it
>> actually receives the data or not.
> 
> 
> If you consider Feeny's measurements.
> Idle power : 843mW , Receive power : 967mW , Transmit power : 1327mW.
> 
> The model could probably be adapted to encorporate these values 
> including idle
> time etc.  However, Im pretty sure Feeny's paper has some linear models of
> consumption, does it not? I also think that differences between idle, 
> receive
> and transmit power consumption are important when one considers the total
> number of packets sent and received by all nodes. Thus I think the validity
> of the model really depends on how you intend to use and interpret the
> results.
> 
> One more point, since I know you are looking at power saving schemes for ad
> hoc networks. Perhaps you should look at something along the lines of
> Activity Scheduling as described in:
> 
> J. Shaikh, J. Solano, I. Stojmenovic and J. Wu, New metrics for 
> dominating set
> based energy efficient activity scheduling in ad hoc networks, Proc. WLN
> Workshop at IEEE Conf. on Local Computer Networks, Bonn, Germany, Oct. 
> 20-24,
> 2003.
> 
> It would be very interesting to find out the differences between idle, 
> receive
> and transmit in newer 802.11 cards.
> 
>> Furthermore, it does not model the fact that for a sent packet every
>> node around the sending station in a certain range will  ``hear'' the
>> packet thus will consume energy.
> 
> 
> Yes it does. If you want to model the energy consumed by a broadcast, then
> every node upon receiving a k-bit frame should adjust its available 
> energy by
> E_rx(k). Likewise the transmitting node should adjust its remaining 
> energy by
> E_tx(k,d). It just does not account for idle energy over time.
> 
> cheerio,
> Justin
> 



_______________________________________________
manet mailing list
manet@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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From: "Dearlove, Chris (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
Subject: RE: [manet] OLSR: RFC 3626 observations.
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From: Andreas T=F8nnesen [mailto:andreto@ifi.uio.no]
> A node must only use its main address as originator address in all
> packages, so one would never register nodes with an address=20
> that is not
> the main address of that node.
> So if I didn't missunderstand you, the case you describe should not
> occur.

Here's the scenario which I think has the effect I described

Node A has one interface, A1, node B has one interface B1, node C
has two interfaces, C1 and C0. Node C chooses address C0 as its
main address.

There are symmetric connections between A1 and B1 and between
B1 and C1. These can be established before any MID message from
node C is relevant. (In fact node A can't process a MID message
from node C until they are established, on the assumption this
is the only route from node A to node C.)

Node B will broadcast a HELLO message containing address C1.
The HELLO message will not contain C0 (because it contains C1).

Node A will thus put address C1 into its two hop table because,
there being no entry for node C in the interface association set,
node A thinks the main address corresponding to C1 is C1.

Later node A will receive node C's MID message and put an entry
in its interface association set. Now HELLO messages received
from node B will result in C0 being put in the two hop set. This
leaves the C1 entry unwanted in the two hop set until it expires.

My suggestion is that when the MID message associating C0 with
C1 is received that the C1 entry in the two hop set is replaced
by a matching C0 entry. (This is, in essence, actually not unlike
what used to happen when two hop tuples had interface and main
addresses.)

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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Andreas_T=F8nnesen?= <andreto@ifi.uio.no>
To: "Dearlove, Chris (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
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On Tue, 4 Nov 2003, Dearlove, Chris (UK) wrote:

>
> From: Andreas T=F8nnesen [mailto:andreto@ifi.uio.no]
> > A node must only use its main address as originator address in all
> > packages, so one would never register nodes with an address
> > that is not
> > the main address of that node.
> > So if I didn't missunderstand you, the case you describe should not
> > occur.
>
> Here's the scenario which I think has the effect I described
>
> Node A has one interface, A1, node B has one interface B1, node C
> has two interfaces, C1 and C0. Node C chooses address C0 as its
> main address.
>
> There are symmetric connections between A1 and B1 and between
> B1 and C1. These can be established before any MID message from
> node C is relevant. (In fact node A can't process a MID message
> from node C until they are established, on the assumption this
> is the only route from node A to node C.)
>
> Node B will broadcast a HELLO message containing address C1.
> The HELLO message will not contain C0 (because it contains C1).
>

No. Node C will use the address of C0 even tough it is sending on
interface C1. So node B will use the main address of C(C0) in its HELLO
message. The only time the address C1 is mentioned in any control
traffic(OLSR)O is in MID messages. Nodes should _not_ ever use the sender
address from the IP header when processing messages. The originator
address on the OLSR message should be used. And this address is _always_
the senders main address.

So IMO the scenario you describe could not occure.


Andreas T=F8nnesen
UniK University Graduation Center
University of Oslo
http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~andreto/uolsrd/index.cgi

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From: Justin Lipman <justin@titr.uow.edu.au>
Reply-To: justin@titr.uow.edu.au
Organization: TITR
To: Jean Lorchat <lorchat@clarinet.u-strasbg.fr>
Subject: Re: [Fwd: Re: [manet] Power Saving in 802.11]
Date: Tue, 4 Nov 2003 21:52:19 +1100
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Jean,

Thats excellent! Thankyou!

=46rom your conclusion (quick read), it would seem that the first order rad=
io=20
model I quoted is reasonably accurate in terms of reception and transmissio=
n?

Cheers,
Justin

=2D-=20
PhD Candidate
Telecommunications & Information Technology Research Institute
School of Computer, Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering
University of Wollongong, Australia=20
http://www.titr.uow.edu.au/~justin


On Tue, 4 Nov 2003 09:09 pm, Jean Lorchat wrote:
> Hi Peter & Justin,
>
> If you want some in-depth measurements and models, you can also consider
> the following reports (especially for TX power differences) :
>
> http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/tr_01_007.pdf
> and
> http://www.tkn.tu-berlin.de/publications/papers/networking2002_withcover.=
pd
>f
>
> Jean
>
> > Hi Peter,
> >
> >> Thanks for the info. I really appreaciate this.
> >> However, it is questionable whether the model is close to the reality.
> >> In some other paper, in the receiving mode and idle mode, the node
> >> spends the same amount of energy approximately no matter whether it
> >> actually receives the data or not.
> >
> > If you consider Feeny's measurements.
> > Idle power : 843mW , Receive power : 967mW , Transmit power : 1327mW.
> >
> > The model could probably be adapted to encorporate these values
> > including idle
> > time etc.  However, Im pretty sure Feeny's paper has some linear models
> > of consumption, does it not? I also think that differences between idle,
> > receive
> > and transmit power consumption are important when one considers the tot=
al
> > number of packets sent and received by all nodes. Thus I think the
> > validity of the model really depends on how you intend to use and
> > interpret the results.
> >
> > One more point, since I know you are looking at power saving schemes for
> > ad hoc networks. Perhaps you should look at something along the lines of
> > Activity Scheduling as described in:
> >
> > J. Shaikh, J. Solano, I. Stojmenovic and J. Wu, New metrics for
> > dominating set
> > based energy efficient activity scheduling in ad hoc networks, Proc. WLN
> > Workshop at IEEE Conf. on Local Computer Networks, Bonn, Germany, Oct.
> > 20-24,
> > 2003.
> >
> > It would be very interesting to find out the differences between idle,
> > receive
> > and transmit in newer 802.11 cards.
> >
> >> Furthermore, it does not model the fact that for a sent packet every
> >> node around the sending station in a certain range will  ``hear'' the
> >> packet thus will consume energy.
> >
> > Yes it does. If you want to model the energy consumed by a broadcast,
> > then every node upon receiving a k-bit frame should adjust its available
> > energy by
> > E_rx(k). Likewise the transmitting node should adjust its remaining
> > energy by
> > E_tx(k,d). It just does not account for idle energy over time.
> >
> > cheerio,
> > Justin
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet





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Date: Tue, 04 Nov 2003 05:59:43 -0500
From: John Stine <jstine@mitre.org>
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To: justin@titr.uow.edu.au
CC: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>, manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] Power Saving in 802.11
References: <20031102210559.358557af.shzju@eyou.com> <200311041126.59882.justin@titr.uow.edu.au> <3FA74077.9000906@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au> <200311042022.10536.justin@titr.uow.edu.au>
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I believe it is important to realize that Feeney did not measure the energy
consumed in an idle state but observed that an active node that does not process
an arriving packet consumes less energy than a node that tries to process an
incoming packet.  The paradox here is that a node will consume more energy when
there are no packets being sent.  This conservation occurs only after discerning
that an incoming packet is not intended for a node.  The node is still very much
active not idle.  This energy conservation is not part of any protocol and occurs
simply because the incoming packet is not processed.  There is nothing to study
here.  Meanwhile, 802.11 devices have doze states that consume significantly less
energy than that specified below which can be controlled by protocols so energy
can be conserved when no one is using the network.  Its power is usually in the
manufacturer's literature.  What is usually missing is the time to move in and out
of that state.  If these transition times are large, this state is hard to
exploit.

John

Justin Lipman wrote:

> Hi Peter,
>
> > Thanks for the info. I really appreaciate this.
> > However, it is questionable whether the model is close to the reality.
> > In some other paper, in the receiving mode and idle mode, the node
> > spends the same amount of energy approximately no matter whether it
> > actually receives the data or not.
>
> If you consider Feeny's measurements.
> Idle power : 843mW , Receive power : 967mW , Transmit power : 1327mW.
>
> The model could probably be adapted to encorporate these values including idle
> time etc.  However, Im pretty sure Feeny's paper has some linear models of
> consumption, does it not? I also think that differences between idle, receive
> and transmit power consumption are important when one considers the total
> number of packets sent and received by all nodes. Thus I think the validity
> of the model really depends on how you intend to use and interpret the
> results.
>
> One more point, since I know you are looking at power saving schemes for ad
> hoc networks. Perhaps you should look at something along the lines of
> Activity Scheduling as described in:
>
> J. Shaikh, J. Solano, I. Stojmenovic and J. Wu, New metrics for dominating set
> based energy efficient activity scheduling in ad hoc networks, Proc. WLN
> Workshop at IEEE Conf. on Local Computer Networks, Bonn, Germany, Oct. 20-24,
> 2003.
>
> It would be very interesting to find out the differences between idle, receive
> and transmit in newer 802.11 cards.
>
> > Furthermore, it does not model the fact that for a sent packet every
> > node around the sending station in a certain range will  ``hear'' the
> > packet thus will consume energy.
>
> Yes it does. If you want to model the energy consumed by a broadcast, then
> every node upon receiving a k-bit frame should adjust its available energy by
> E_rx(k). Likewise the transmitting node should adjust its remaining energy by
> E_tx(k,d). It just does not account for idle energy over time.
>
> cheerio,
> Justin
>
> --
> PhD Candidate
> Telecommunications & Information Technology Research Institute
> School of Computer, Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering
> University of Wollongong, Australia
> http://www.titr.uow.edu.au/~justin
>
> > Cheers
> > Peter Pham
> >
> > Justin Lipman wrote:
> > >Hi Peter,
> > >
> > >I sent you a model a few weeks back...
> > >
> > >In my papers I always use a simple first order radio model:
> > >
> > >E_tx (k,d) = E_elec * k + E_amp * k * d^2
> > >E_rx (k) = E_elec * k
> > >
> > >where
> > >
> > >E_elec = 50 nJ/bit
> > >E_amp = 100 pJ/(bit*m^2)
> > >
> > >as described in:
> > >
> > >Wendi Rabiner Heinzelman and Anantha Chandrakasan and Hari Balakrishnan,
> > >"Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor
> > > Networks", Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System
> > > Sciences, 2000.
> > >
> > >Hope this helps,
> > >Justin
> > >
> > >-
> > >PhD Candidate
> > >Telecommunications & Information Technology Research Institute
> > >School of Computer, Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering
> > >University of Wollongong, Australia
> > >http://www.titr.uow.edu.au/~justin
> > >
> > >On Tue, 4 Nov 2003 11:17 am, Peter Pham wrote:
> > >>Hi all
> > >>
> > >>I have the following question and really appreaciate any feedback.
> > >>
> > >>I am interested to know how much power we save when we reduce the
> > >>transmission range of the sender. That is the power that drives the
> > >>transmitter. Let say we used P1 for the transmission of range R1(250 m
> > >>for WLAN). If I reduce the transmission range to R2 (R2<R1) how much
> > >>power I will save ?. How can I express P2 as a function of P1 and the
> > >>two transmission range, packet length..etc...Is there any model that I
> > >>can use.
> > >>
> > >>Thanks
> > >>
> > >>Peter Pham
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>_______________________________________________
> > >>manet mailing list
> > >>manet@ietf.org
> > >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > >
> > >-
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >_______________________________________________
> > >manet mailing list
> > >manet@ietf.org
> > >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
> _______________________________________________
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> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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From: "Dearlove, Chris (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
Subject: RE: [manet] OLSR: RFC 3626 observations.
To: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Andreas_T=F8nnesen?= <andreto@ifi.uio.no>
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> No. Node C will use the address of C0 even tough it is sending on
> interface C1. So node B will use the main address of C(C0) in=20
> its HELLO message.

A HELLO message sent by node C will use C0 as its main address,
C1 will be used as its IP source address.

Then (section 7.1.1 of the RFC, page 34) a link tuple will be created
at node B with L_neighbor_iface_addr =3D Source Address. (Not Originator
Address.)

When node B sends a HELLO message it will use L_neighbot_iface_addr
(RFC section 6.2, page 31: "L_neighbor_iface_addr is advertised")
so B will, as I said, advertise C1 not C0 in its HELLO messages.

In other words I believe the scenario I described does occur.

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On Tue, 4 Nov 2003, Dearlove, Chris (UK) wrote:

>
> From: Andreas T=F8nnesen [mailto:andreto@ifi.uio.no]
> > A node must only use its main address as originator address in all
> > packages, so one would never register nodes with an address
> > that is not
> > the main address of that node.
> > So if I didn't missunderstand you, the case you describe should not
> > occur.
>
> Here's the scenario which I think has the effect I described
>
> Node A has one interface, A1, node B has one interface B1, node C
> has two interfaces, C1 and C0. Node C chooses address C0 as its
> main address.
>
> There are symmetric connections between A1 and B1 and between
> B1 and C1. These can be established before any MID message from
> node C is relevant. (In fact node A can't process a MID message
> from node C until they are established, on the assumption this
> is the only route from node A to node C.)
>
> Node B will broadcast a HELLO message containing address C1.
> The HELLO message will not contain C0 (because it contains C1).
>
> Node A will thus put address C1 into its two hop table because,
> there being no entry for node C in the interface association set,
> node A thinks the main address corresponding to C1 is C1.
>
> Later node A will receive node C's MID message and put an entry
> in its interface association set. Now HELLO messages received
> from node B will result in C0 being put in the two hop set. This
> leaves the C1 entry unwanted in the two hop set until it expires.
>
> My suggestion is that when the MID message associating C0 with
> C1 is received that the C1 entry in the two hop set is replaced
> by a matching C0 entry. (This is, in essence, actually not unlike
> what used to happen when two hop tuples had interface and main
> addresses.)
>
> ********************************************************************
> This email and any attachments are confidential to the intended
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> You should not copy it or use it for any purpose nor disclose or
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> ********************************************************************
>

My bad. You are absolutly right.

Time to read up on the RFC it seems :)


Andreas T=F8nnesen
UniK University Graduation Center
University of Oslo
http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~andreto/uolsrd/index.cgi

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From: "Chi-Hsiang Yeh" <chi-hsiang.yeh@ece.queensu.ca>
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Subject: [manet] Extension to 802.11 needed for MANET?
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Hi,

I'll appreciate your opinions toward the following issue.

In the literature, IEEE 802.11 is the most commonly assumed MAC protocol
for ad hoc networks. Most ad hoc network testbeds are also built based
on IEEE 802.11. However, some problems (e.g., concerning power control,
interference, QoS, directional antennas, security, or radio efficiency)
will be introduced when the MAC protocol of IEEE 802.11/11e is applied
to multihop networking environments, leading to inefficiency and
difficulties in QoS provisioning.

Do you think we need an extension to the MAC protocols of IEEE 802.11
and 802.11e for ad hoc networks and multihop WLANs?
 
Chi-Hsiang Yeh
___________________________________________________________
Chi-Hsiang Yeh (Mr./Dr./Prof.)
Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng.
Queen's University
Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6
Canada
 
phone:  +1 613-533-6368
fax:     +1 613-533-6615
e-mail:  chi-hsiang.yeh@ece.queensu.ca , yeh@ee.queensu.ca
URL:    http://www.ece.queensu.ca/hpages/faculty/yeh/
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Hi HyunWook and thanks for your comments,

I will reply to your comments one by one, see my answers below.

HyunWook Cha wrote:
> Hello, Christophe.
> 
> I briefly read your draft. 
> Please see following comments.
> 
> .GW_INFO_REFRESH_PERIOD(2 secs) is too short. This can degrade overall
> manet capability.

Well in fact this value may change, and actually it is not easy to find 
a suitable value. I mean, if this value is too big then we won't have 
any reactivity to topological changes. In the mean time, I do not agree 
with you when you say that it degrades the performance of the manet, as 
with our proposal each node does one (local to its 1-hop neighborhood) 
broadcast every GW_INFO_REFRESH_PEIOD. The size of the broadcasted 
message itself is very small (24 bytes for the data + IPv6 header). I 
don't think such a small overhead can that much degrade performance.

> 
> .B_DISTANCE/F_DISTANCE 
> - suffer from frequent change of global address in case of relatively
> high mobility as you mentioned.

As mentioned in the draft, we cannot have shortest-path and stability at 
the same.

>  
> .B_STBILITY/F_STABILITY 
> - I think this can not help prefix(addres) stability after all. In
> manet, it is not queranteed that a given path with prefix continuity
> will survive as you hope. 

The aim of our proposal is to maintain such a path. The maximum time 
during which prefix continuity may be broken is equal to NEIGH_LIFE 
(i.e. 6 seconds). Once again it's a trade-off between stability and 
reactivity.

> In addition, your scheme allows forwarding of
> GW_INFO with same prefix as already configured one when node receives
> GW_INFOs. So, it is possible that a node can not receive fresh GW_INFO
> for current prefix after upstream link fails although alternate path
> toward correspon ding gateway exists and it should change its address.

This is correct. The lifetime of an upstream neighbor entry is equal to 
NEIGH_LIFE. Once again we did not want to be too reactive because a 
GW_INFO may be lost (due to collisions) but the neighbor may still be in 
radio range. In that case we do not want to change the upstream neighbor 
too quickly.

> - Irrespective of type of underlying routing protocols, this appoach can
> cause inconsistency of route entry for gw and default route entry. This
> is ok for proactive routing protocols except for above issue. However,
> as for reactive routing protocols, prefix continuity does not help at
> all and routing header is needed to avoid ingress filtering problem.
> Becuase routing entry is created through routing protocol(you told that
> in your draft), path along which packets travers can be different from
> one with prefix continuity. If this is right, you should consider
> applicability to reactive routing protocols again.

Well in fact this is mentioned in the draft, i.e. there might be a 
different next hop entry for default route (added by our protocol) and 
for gateway/128 route (added by proactive routing protocol), in the case 
of proactive protocols. With F_DISTANCE, it is easy to show that the 
alternate path is also a shortest-path. With F_STABILITY, the alternate 
path may be longer than shortest-path, but (during a stady-state period) 
all nodes on this path use the same prefix, so we don't need a routing 
header : that is our main objective.

Now with reactive protocols, we don't add a default route. The reactive 
routing protocol is in charge of route discovery. If the prefix 
continuity condition is satisfied, it means that there exists, between a 
node A with prefix P and its gateway G, a path of nodes with prefix P. 
If we want to avoid the need of a routing header, there should be a 
condition in routing protocol operation : "don't accept R_REP (for a 
destination address outside manet) from nodes that use a different 
prefix". This condition would impose (in a recursive manner) that the 
path would be composed of nodes with prefix P.

> 
> .Why do not you allow configuration of multiple global addresses from
> multiple gateways?

Mainly because we favor prefix continuity. A node could have more than 
one global address but it should then use the one for which prefix 
continuity is maintained. In our proposal we use only one global 
address, but it is changed (with some delay) if a topological change 
occurs. In fact and again our proposal avoids the need of a routing 
header. Actuallly it can of course be interesting to have multiple 
global addresses, and this something we may add in the future, if we 
manage to come up with a cleaver idea on how we can use these addresses 
efficiently.

> 
> I want to hear your answer.
> 
> Thank you in advance.
> 
> HyunWook 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet


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Hi Justin,

> From your conclusion (quick read), it would seem that the first order radio 
> model I quoted is reasonably accurate in terms of reception and transmission?

Although these are not my conclusions (I'm not the author), that's what it seems.
However, I think that John is right when he states that we should differenciate
so-called idle mode corresponding to "discarding a packet not intended to us" and
real sleep mode that 802.11 hardware is capable of (namely PSP in infrastructures).
But knowing this, you must also have a way to use it in adhoc mode (and I don't know
whether adhoc PSP is a good solution for manets...) ? or do you mean MAC modifications ?

Jean



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Hi again HyunWook,

I also read your draft, and have a few comments about it.

First, don't take it as an offense, but it is sometimes quite hard to 
read (I'm not saying mine is easier to read !), especially the part with 
the locator (section 5.2). I'm sometimes still not sure I understood 
things as you are expecting people to understand them.

So as far as I got it, a node first acquires a global address (or more, 
one for each gateway ?) valid for GLOBAL_IP_LIFETIME (by the way you 
don't mention how long that should be). Then if there is no route entry 
for the (current ?) gateway, the node can use another GW in a MIP 
manner. Well roughly I understand your proposal, but it's all the 
details I don't understand well that bother me. My main advice is that 
you maybe try to rewrite this section and maybe include an example (in a 
step-by-step way).

In fact I have many questions and in the mean time I don't know where to 
start because I'm not sure I understood the details. So silly questions 
are :

- Each node configures a global address for each gateway ? Or just when 
it needs a locator ?
- The idea to redirect packets arrving at a given gateway through 
another gateway from which ad hoc node is reachable seems good but I'm 
not sure whether it is realistic or not. For example, at some point 
there might be a cascade of such registrations, how do you handle that ?
- I'm not sure about the complexity of your proposal if you want to 
implement it. Can you tell us more about that ?
- Your proposal induces packet encapsulations, which is quite hungry in 
resources (an extra header in all packets). Routing becomes sub-optimal 
(i.e. triangular).
- I think your proposal induces a large number of security issues around 
locator registrations : Node B registers a locator with a gateway G for 
address of node C (and gateway of C will forward packets to G that will 
forward them to B). Is this possible ?

I'm sorry I can't give more feedback, mainly because I think I 
understand your proposal roughly but not deeply.

Regards,

Christophe

HyunWook Cha wrote:

> Hello, folks.
> 
> As far as I know, research works have been performed in Internet
> connectivity for MANETs continueously until now.
> I think that MANET wg members also consider this issue as important one
> to be addressed in the working group.
> My question is if this issue will be discussed in the 58th IETF meeting
> or not.
> 
> Regardless of answer for the above question, I request comments or
> advices for the following draft submitted by me.
> 
> Regards,
> 



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From: "Philippe Jacquet" <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
To: "Dearlove, Chris (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>, <manet@ietf.org>
Cc: <T.Clausen@computer.org>
References: <C1DE3C7469FE5A4D95F9BF0F332D8B8D3EF175@glkms0008.greenlnk.net>
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Subject: [manet] Re: OLSR: RFC 3626 observations.
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Hello, Chris,

Below are my tentative comments and answers. Sorry for being late.

Best regards,
Philippe
----- Original Message -----
From: Dearlove, Chris (UK) <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
To: <manet@ietf.org>
Cc: <T.Clausen@computer.org>; <Philippe.Jacquet@inria.fr>
Sent: Monday, November 03, 2003 4:38 PM
Subject: OLSR: RFC 3626 observations.


>
> I have a number of observations regarding OLSR, as
> currently defined by RFC 3626. Whether any of them
> are ever taken on board depends on future plans for
> OLSR and the manet group. (I note that post-RFC work
> has already started on AODV.)
>
> First nit-packing comments on the RFC.
>
> - There are some erroneous references to the advertised
>   link set that should be the advertised neighbor set in
>   sections 9.2 (page 44), 9.3 (page 45), 15 (page 59),
>   15.1 (page 60) and 15.2 (page 60) - multiple times in
>   some cases.
>
> - In section 9.3 (page 45) it should be a change to the
>   advertised neighbor set, rather than the MPR selector
>   set that provokes an additional TC message. (Of course
>   by default the two are the same, but in general it is
>   the advertised neighbor set which matters.)
>
In fact it seems that the connectivity is maintained when the MPR selector
set does not
change even if the advertized set changes; in this case ANSN is optionnal.
If a non MPR link breaks,
then there is always a path with MPR links with same length that is
available. This should be a way to
save some ANSN changes. Do you have a case where it should not work?

> Second some specific comments on the protocol. (Note that
> these have been informed by having implemented the latest
> version of the protocol, as now defined by the RFC.) Note
> that any suggested changes are backward compatible (and
> could interwork with the current version of the protocol).
>
> - When considering neighbourhood changes, there is the
>   case of two nodes each using the same two interfaces.
>   If the nodes are symmetrically connected using one
>   interface, and then the second interface link becomes
>   symmetric, or if symmetrically connected using both
>   interfaces and then the connection through one interface
>   becomes asymmetric or lost, this does not count as a
>   neighbourhood change as defined in Section 8.5 (page 42);
>   in fact these cases are explicitly excluded there. This is
>   appropriate for MPR Set recalculation, but not for Routing
>   Table recalculation, although Section 10 (page 47) does not
>   make this distinction. To illustrate the problem consider
>   an example starting with a symmetric link using the first
>   interface, but not using the second interface, one node
>   (the first node) will route to either interface of the
>   other node (the second node) using the first interface.
>   Now add the parallel link using the second interface. If
>   this is not regarded as a neighbour appearance then there
>   will be no Routing Table change, and the Routing Table
>   will use the slightly odd, but acceptable, route to the
>   second interface address on the second node via the
>   first interface. Now break the link using the first
>   interface. If this is not a neighbourhood loss then again
>   there will be no Routing Table change - but there is an
>   invalid entry in the Routing Table.
>
>   This suggests that a modification to sections 8.5 and
>   section 10 would be appropriate.

I agree that we have to recompute the routing table for neighbor nodes, when
the interface
set to this node changes. Notice that the neighbor set contains the
"associated link tuple", and a
change in this tuple is actually a change in the neighbor set and should
result in a routing table
recomputation. Maybe we should write down that any change in any routing
database results in a routing table
recomputation, although it looks over-redundant;-)
>
> - Section 10 point 2 (page 48) refers to main address without
>   specifying where to get it from. The RFC defines main address
>   in section 5.5 (page 27) and hence that definition should be
>   used. However in the indicated point this is a 1-hop neighbour,
>   hence the main address is also available in the associated
>   Neighbour Tuple. Since the 1-hop link must be established
>   before a MID message is received and the Interface Association
>   Set is updated, not using the Neighbour Tuple will result in
>   an unnecessary delay. Since the procedure in Section 10 is
>   an example, it is not necessary to change the RFC to use the
>   Neighbour Set at this point. However there are other circumstances
>   where this additional information may be used. The protocol could
>   be modified to add that an entry may be added to the Interface
>   Association Set whenever a HELLO message's originator address and
>   source address differ (the former is the main address, the latter
>   is the interface address).
>

The main address is mentioned in the originator address field in the header
of the HELLO. One should not need
to wait for an MID message to get it.

> - On receipt of a MID message and update of the Interface
>   Association Set to add a new entry, one or more interface
>   addresses which were previously assumed to be main addresses
>   will no longer be main addresses. There may then be two hop
>   tuples each containing an interface, rather than a main, address
>   of a two hop neighbours. This has the drawbacks both of having
>   entries which are incorrect, and not having entries which are
>   wanted, and losing the opportunity to "merge" entries. The
>   absence of any wanted entries lasts until the next appropriate
>   HELLO message, the unwanted entries last until they expire.
>
>   The protocol could be modified such that if a MID message
>   is received (may qualify to only consider the case where it
>   adds a new entry to the Interface Association Set) and if
>   there are any two hop tuples with neighbour address contained
>   in the MID message then replace all of these two hop tuples
>   with a single two hop tuple using the MID message originator
>   address. The new tuple's expiry time should be the latest of
>   all the replace tuples expiry times.
>
Right, it looks more like an implementation issue, maybe
better to write it down.

> Third some points where protocol behaviour is not ideal, but
> changes might not be 100% compatible.
>
> - In point 2 of section 13 (page 56) and point 2 of section
>   14.3 (page 58) the parameter NEIGHB_HOLD_TIME is used to
>   define new link time(s). However all other entries in the
>   Link Set use the NEIGHB_HOLD_TIME of the other end of the
>   link, as reported in the Vtime field of a HELLO message.
>   It would be more appropriate to save this Vtime value (in
>   the same way that the Htime field is already saved) and
>   use that rather than NEIGHB_HOLD_TIME. Note that this
>   avoids (among other issues) a tuple's expiry time ever
>   becoming earlier as could otherwise occur.
>
You have a point, it should be Vtime of HELLO instead of NEIGH_HOLD_TIME.

> - The protocol contains features (in section 9.5, page 46)
>   to handle out of order TC messages. However these features
>   are imperfect, they rely on the physically first/logically
>   second TC message adding an entry to the Topology Set
>   so that the physically second/logically first TC message
>   may be recognised as such and discarded. However if the
>   physically first/logically second TC message is empty
>   then no such entry will be added and the physically
>   second/logically first TC message will not be discarded.
>   It will add entries to the Topology Set, which defeats
>   the object of the empty TC message, at least partially.
>
>   I can see one easy, but ugly, fix. This is that an
>   empty TC message could add a "dummy" entry to the
>   Topology Set. This could be one where both T_dest_addr
>   and T_last_addr are set to the originator address,
>   and T_seq is set to the ANSN. (T_time would be set as
>   usual.) The Routing Table update process would have to
>   be modified to disregard entries with T_last_addr equal
>   to T_dest_addr. However a cleaner approach would be
>   better.
>
Yes in this case, out of order TCs more or less result as if one of the TC
were lost. Next TCs should fix the misfit. Remembering the ANSN of
the empty TC seems to be a good implementation trick. Maybe one could
specify this in a cleaner way. For example to define T-Tuples as
(T_last_addr,T_ANSN, T_ANSN_Time,T_dest_tuple)
where T_dest_tuple is a set of (T_dest_addr, T_time) and empty sets are
permitted.
T-ANSN_time is refreshed at each TC reception from the same T_last
originator.

>   This is not just a hypothetical case, we have observed
>   it in simulation, albeit in circumstances which would
>   be better removed by another approach. (However removal
>   of the observed circumstances still leaves the case able
>   to happen in other ways.) In the observed case an
>   intermediate node first received a TC message. After
>   processing it, it decided to forward it. It therefore
>   scheduled a retransmission at a time delayed by a random
>   jitter duration. Shortly thereafter (before the
>   retransmission) it received another TC message, from the
>   same originating node. It did the same, but scheduling it
>   before the other message (owing to using a smaller random
>   number).
>
>   There are at least two possible fixes to prevent this
>   occurring, but neither is suggested by the RFC
>
>   - Discard the earlier TC message when queuing the
>     later TC message. (This would be limited to
>     messages from the same originating node with
>     earlier ANSN.) This contradicts section 9.4 (page 45)
>     which mandates use of the standard forwarding algorithm
>     for TC messages.

This is too much implementation oriented..
>
>   - Ensure that queued messages order is maintained. This
>     could apply to all messages, all messages from the
>     same origin, or all messages of the same type from the
>     same origin. Technically it violates section 3.5
>     (page 21) by using a different random delay distribution
>     than that suggested. If adopted section 3.5 should be
>     modified to indicate this.
>
> Fourth an observation, without a specific suggestion here
> (although I have considered some specifics I omit here as
> the principles are more important).
>
> - OLSR timing for tuple expiry etc. is now defined using the
>   Vtime (and for a HELLO message Htime) fields of a message,
>   i.e. timing is based on the message originator's parameter
>   settings. In addition to the case noted above, there are
>   two other cases where timing is not taken from the originator
>   and where significantly different values of parameters on
>   different nodes could interact badly.
>
>   - Jitter delay, based on parameter MAXJITTER. Note that it
>     is possible, as currently defined, for a message to be
>     delayed by more than the interval between messages.
>     Ideally use of the message interval would be preferable
>     to use of the hold time (Vtime) but typically these will
>     be related.

But the interval between hellos should not be greater than the
neighb_hold_time.
>
>   - Duplicate hold time. In this case basing hold time on Vtime
>     would also provide greater extensibility to new message
>     types that might be significantly more or less frequent.
>
That is an interesting issue, one may store duplicate ID longer depending on
origin.
Notice that the duplicate hold time is a compromise on the speed  at which a
network
delivers all the copies of one packet and the time for a node to wrap around
packet
sequence number. Processing again a packet is not damageable but a packet
may
bounce several times if duplicate is not detected.
>
>
>
>
> ********************************************************************
> This email and any attachments are confidential to the intended
> recipient and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended
> recipient please delete it from your system and notify the sender.
> You should not copy it or use it for any purpose nor disclose or
> distribute its contents to any other person.
> ********************************************************************


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From: "Dearlove, Chris (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
To: Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>, manet@ietf.org
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Thanks for the comments. I've snipped everything where, judging
from reply, I think I've made my point (whether regarded as
significant or not).

> In fact it seems that the connectivity is maintained when the=20
> MPR selector set does not
> change even if the advertized set changes; in this case ANSN=20
> is optionnal. If a non MPR link breaks,
> then there is always a path with MPR links with same length that is
> available. This should be a way to
> save some ANSN changes. Do you have a case where it should not work?

No, so perhaps it's not necessary. On the other hand it can lead to
some inefficiencies where the MPR selector set changes but (when
using a non-default TC redundancy) the advertised neighbour set
does not change. In this case you don't want to send a new TC
even though the MPR selector set has changed.

Perhaps therefore you could send only if both the MPRSS and the
ANS change (i.e. only if necessary, and not when pointless).
However sending simply when the ANS has changed seems easiest,
and maintains a constant redundancy level.

> > - Section 10 point 2 (page 48) refers to main address without
> >   specifying where to get it from. The RFC defines main address
> >   in section 5.5 (page 27) and hence that definition should be
> >   used. However in the indicated point this is a 1-hop neighbour,
> >   hence the main address is also available in the associated
> >   Neighbour Tuple. Since the 1-hop link must be established
> >   before a MID message is received and the Interface Association
> >   Set is updated, not using the Neighbour Tuple will result in
> >   an unnecessary delay. Since the procedure in Section 10 is
> >   an example, it is not necessary to change the RFC to use the
> >   Neighbour Set at this point. However there are other circumstances
> >   where this additional information may be used. The protocol could
> >   be modified to add that an entry may be added to the Interface
> >   Association Set whenever a HELLO message's originator address and
> >   source address differ (the former is the main address, the latter
> >   is the interface address).
>=20
> The main address is mentioned in the originator address field=20
> in the header of the HELLO. One should not need
> to wait for an MID message to get it.

I agree, in fact that's my point. However my reading of the RFC suggests
this is not strictly as it specifies. Have I missed anything (other than
that, as I note, in this particular section the algorithm is only a
suggestion and the implementer is free to make the change, as in fact
I have)?

> > Fourth an observation, without a specific suggestion here
> > (although I have considered some specifics I omit here as
> > the principles are more important).
> >
> > - OLSR timing for tuple expiry etc. is now defined using the
> >   Vtime (and for a HELLO message Htime) fields of a message,
> >   i.e. timing is based on the message originator's parameter
> >   settings. In addition to the case noted above, there are
> >   two other cases where timing is not taken from the originator
> >   and where significantly different values of parameters on
> >   different nodes could interact badly.
> >
> >   - Jitter delay, based on parameter MAXJITTER. Note that it
> >     is possible, as currently defined, for a message to be
> >     delayed by more than the interval between messages.
> >     Ideally use of the message interval would be preferable
> >     to use of the hold time (Vtime) but typically these will
> >     be related.
>=20
> But the interval between hellos should not be greater than the
> neighb_hold_time.

I'll switch to TCs as they are forwarded. I think it's possible
to have

Node A runs default OLSR parameters, in particular HELLO_INTERVAL
is 2, TC_INTERVAL is 5, TOP_HOLD_TIME is 15 and MAXJITTER is 0.5.
Now node B is overclocked by a factor of 10. (Yes, that's rather
extreme, although not absolutely inconceivable.) Then TC_INTERVAL
will be 0.5 and when a node B TC message is forwarded by node A
it is completely randomised. With transmission jitter (or a factor
greater than 10) node B's TC messages could actually be reordered.

Instead suppose a message were jittered by a multiple of Vtime,
then if all OLSR parameters on a node are kept in default ratio
then that multiple could be 1/30 (by default). Of course there's
no guarantee that OLSR parameters are kept in step, but that's
another matter.

This is most interesting if adding some extension to OLSR
(a message other than HELLO, TC, MID and HNA) which may be
badly treated by a fixed jitter. (If the new message has no
use for Vtime this gives it one.)

> >   - Duplicate hold time. In this case basing hold time on Vtime
> >     would also provide greater extensibility to new message
> >     types that might be significantly more or less frequent.
> >
> That is an interesting issue, one may store duplicate ID=20
> longer depending on origin.
> Notice that the duplicate hold time is a compromise on the=20
> speed at which a network
> delivers all the copies of one packet and the time for a node=20
> to wrap around packet
> sequence number. Processing again a packet is not damageable=20
> but a packet may
> bounce several times if duplicate is not detected.

I didn't comment on wrap-around (assuming that 16 bits was
fixed) but I did think about it. I was concerned with possible
fast messages (whether from a fast node or a new message type)
and how with fixed DUP_HOLD_TIME the Duplicate Table could get
over-full.

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue Nov  4 12:36:28 2003
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From: vishak sivakumar <vishak_001@yahoo.com>
To: manet@ietf.org
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Subject: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be simulated??
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hi everybody,

i just want to know is that whether the NS-2 the only
network simulator that is available for simualting
MANETs. is that anything that it cannot be done using
any other network simulators. have anybody tried this
using any other simualtor or if so anybody has done
this using ns-2 please do tell me how to proceed this
such that it can be simulated in a WINDOWS platform.

i would be really grateful if anybody could help me
out and my advance thnaks for them

regards,
vishak srinivasan

=====


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From: "Ankur Jain" <ankur.j@media.mit.edu>
To: "'vishak sivakumar'" <vishak_001@yahoo.com>, <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be simulated??
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2003 01:05:05 +0700
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Hi Vishak,

There are 2-3 other simulators for simulating Manets and ns2 is the most
famous one among these.

Other good simulators are QualNet and OPNET. Both of them are commercial
software. However, a 14 day trial version of QualNet is available. You
may want to download that and check it yourself. These software can run
on Windows platform.

Well, there are many things that can't be done through simulators - you
can't simulate the wireless environment with 100% accuracy. There will
definitely be an error - how small it may be. 

Hope it helps.

Regards,
Ankur



| -----Original Message-----
| From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
| vishak sivakumar
| Sent: Wednesday, November 05, 2003 12:35 AM
| To: manet@ietf.org
| Subject: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be
| simulated??
| 
| hi everybody,
| 
| i just want to know is that whether the NS-2 the only
| network simulator that is available for simualting
| MANETs. is that anything that it cannot be done using
| any other network simulators. have anybody tried this
| using any other simualtor or if so anybody has done
| this using ns-2 please do tell me how to proceed this
| such that it can be simulated in a WINDOWS platform.
| 
| i would be really grateful if anybody could help me
| out and my advance thnaks for them
| 
| regards,
| vishak srinivasan
| 
| =====
| 
| 
| __________________________________
| Do you Yahoo!?
| Protect your identity with Yahoo! Mail AddressGuard
| http://antispam.yahoo.com/whatsnewfree
| 
| _______________________________________________
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| manet@ietf.org
| https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet


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Subject: RE: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be simulated??
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Hi Ankur:

Is Qualnet better than Glomosim?

Jack



 --- On Tue 11/04, Ankur Jain < ankur.j@media.mit.edu > wrote:
From: Ankur Jain [mailto: ankur.j@media.mit.edu]
To: vishak_001@yahoo.com, manet@ietf.org
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2003 01:05:05 +0700
Subject: RE: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be simulated??

Hi Vishak,<br><br>There are 2-3 other simulators for simulating Manets and ns2 is the most<br>famous one among these.<br><br>Other good simulators are QualNet and OPNET. Both of them are commercial<br>software. However, a 14 day trial version of QualNet is available. You<br>may want to download that and check it yourself. These software can run<br>on Windows platform.<br><br>Well, there are many things that can't be done through simulators - you<br>can't simulate the wireless environment with 100% accuracy. There will<br>definitely be an error - how small it may be. <br><br>Hope it helps.<br><br>Regards,<br>Ankur<br><br><br><br>| -----Original Message-----<br>| From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of<br>| vishak sivakumar<br>| Sent: Wednesday, November 05, 2003 12:35 AM<br>| To: manet@ietf.org<br>| Subject: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be<br>| simulated??<br>| <br>| hi everybody,<br>| <br>| i just want to know is that!
  whether the NS-2 the only<br>| network simulator that is available for simualting<br>| MANETs. is that anything that it cannot be done using<br>| any other network simulators. have anybody tried this<br>| using any other simualtor or if so anybody has done<br>| this using ns-2 please do tell me how to proceed this<br>| such that it can be simulated in a WINDOWS platform.<br>| <br>| i would be really grateful if anybody could help me<br>| out and my advance thnaks for them<br>| <br>| regards,<br>| vishak srinivasan<br>| <br>| =====<br>| <br>| <br>| __________________________________<br>| Do you Yahoo!?<br>| Protect your identity with Yahoo! Mail AddressGuard<br>| http://antispam.yahoo.com/whatsnewfree<br>| <br>| _______________________________________________<br>| manet mailing list<br>| manet@ietf.org<br>| https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet<br><br><br>_______________________________________________<br>manet mailing list<br>manet@ietf.org<br>https://www1.ietf.org/!
 mailman/listinfo/manet<br>

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References: <000101c3a2fe$33bbe290$155607d2@Neon>
Subject: Re: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be simulated??
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Hi Ankur Jain,

NS2 could run on windows platform if you use cygwin. Please go to NS2
homepage for more details. I currently run NS2 on windows 2000 using cygwin
and found everything is OK.

Hope it help,
Hoang

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Ankur Jain" <ankur.j@media.mit.edu>
To: "'vishak sivakumar'" <vishak_001@yahoo.com>; <manet@ietf.org>
Sent: Wednesday, November 05, 2003 2:05 AM
Subject: RE: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be
simulated??


> Hi Vishak,
>
> There are 2-3 other simulators for simulating Manets and ns2 is the most
> famous one among these.
>
> Other good simulators are QualNet and OPNET. Both of them are commercial
> software. However, a 14 day trial version of QualNet is available. You
> may want to download that and check it yourself. These software can run
> on Windows platform.
>
> Well, there are many things that can't be done through simulators - you
> can't simulate the wireless environment with 100% accuracy. There will
> definitely be an error - how small it may be.
>
> Hope it helps.
>
> Regards,
> Ankur
>
>
>
> | -----Original Message-----
> | From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> | vishak sivakumar
> | Sent: Wednesday, November 05, 2003 12:35 AM
> | To: manet@ietf.org
> | Subject: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be
> | simulated??
> |
> | hi everybody,
> |
> | i just want to know is that whether the NS-2 the only
> | network simulator that is available for simualting
> | MANETs. is that anything that it cannot be done using
> | any other network simulators. have anybody tried this
> | using any other simualtor or if so anybody has done
> | this using ns-2 please do tell me how to proceed this
> | such that it can be simulated in a WINDOWS platform.
> |
> | i would be really grateful if anybody could help me
> | out and my advance thnaks for them
> |
> | regards,
> | vishak srinivasan
> |
> | =====
> |
> |
> | __________________________________
> | Do you Yahoo!?
> | Protect your identity with Yahoo! Mail AddressGuard
> | http://antispam.yahoo.com/whatsnewfree
> |
> | _______________________________________________
> | manet mailing list
> | manet@ietf.org
> | https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>

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Subject: Re: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be simulated??
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Thanks.
Besides interface, all other parts of Qualnet are the same to Glomosim? It seems that Glomosim has not been updated for a long time.

Jack 




 --- On Tue 11/04, Jihoon Lee < ezhoon@sait.samsung.co.kr > wrote:
From: Jihoon Lee [mailto: ezhoon@sait.samsung.co.kr]
To: jw2000@excite.com
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2003 10:41:27 +0900
Subject: Re: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be simulated??

Hi. Jack<br><br>As you know, Qualnet is a commercial software of Glomosim.<br><br>As far as I know, Qualnet has the better user interface than that of<br>Glomosim.<br><br>Bye.<br><br>----- Original Message ----- <br>From: "Jack Wang" <jw2000@excite.com><br>To: <ankur.j@media.mit.edu><br>Cc: <manet@ietf.org><br>Sent: Wednesday, November 05, 2003 5:33 AM<br>Subject: RE: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be<br>simulated??<br><br><br>><br>><br>> Hi Ankur:<br>><br>> Is Qualnet better than Glomosim?<br>><br>> Jack<br>><br>><br>><br>>  --- On Tue 11/04, Ankur Jain < ankur.j@media.mit.edu > wrote:<br>> From: Ankur Jain [mailto: ankur.j@media.mit.edu]<br>> To: vishak_001@yahoo.com, manet@ietf.org<br>> Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2003 01:05:05 +0700<br>> Subject: RE: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be<br>simulated??<br>><br>> Hi Vishak,<br><br>There are 2-3 other simulators for simulating Manets and<br>ns2 is the most<br>famous one among these.<br>!
 <br>Other good simulators are<br>QualNet and OPNET. Both of them are commercial<br>software. However, a 14<br>day trial version of QualNet is available. You<br>may want to download that<br>and check it yourself. These software can run<br>on Windows<br>platform.<br><br>Well, there are many things that can't be done through<br>simulators - you<br>can't simulate the wireless environment with 100%<br>accuracy. There will<br>definitely be an error - how small it may be.<br><br><br>Hope it<br>helps.<br><br>Regards,<br>Ankur<br><br><br><br>| -----Original<br>Message-----<br>| From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]<br>On Behalf Of<br>| vishak sivakumar<br>| Sent: Wednesday, November 05, 2003<br>12:35 AM<br>| To: manet@ietf.org<br>| Subject: [manet] is ns-2 the only<br>simulator with which MANETs can be<br>| simulated??<br>| <br>| hi<br>everybody,<br>| <br>| i just want to know is that!<br>>   whether the NS-2 the only<br>| network simulator that is available for<b!
 r>simualting<br>| MANETs. is that anything that it cannot be done usin
g<br>|<br>any other network simulators. have anybody tried this<br>| using any other<br>simualtor or if so anybody has done<br>| this using ns-2 please do tell me<br>how to proceed this<br>| such that it can be simulated in a WINDOWS<br>platform.<br>| <br>| i would be really grateful if anybody could help<br>me<br>| out and my advance thnaks for them<br>| <br>| regards,<br>| vishak<br>srinivasan<br>| <br>| =====<br>| <br>| <br>|<br>__________________________________<br>| Do you Yahoo!?<br>| Protect your<br>identity with Yahoo! Mail AddressGuard<br>|<br>http://antispam.yahoo.com/whatsnewfree<br>| <br>|<br>_______________________________________________<br>| manet mailing list<br>|<br>manet@ietf.org<br>|<br>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet<br><br><br>_______________________________________________<br>manet<br>mailing list<br>manet@ietf.org<br>https://www1.ietf.org/!<br>>  mailman/listinfo/manet<br><br>><br>> _______________________________________________<br>> Join!
  Excite! - http://www.excite.com<br>> The most personalized portal on the Web!<br>><br>> _______________________________________________<br>> manet mailing list<br>> manet@ietf.org<br>> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet<br>><br><br><br>

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Subject: RE: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be simulated??
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but from my experience, running ns-2 simulation on windows is much =
slower than in linux or unix  with same hardware configuration. People =
who are expecting to use ns-2 frequently for a long time are suggested =
to do it on linux since everything will go smooth and fast! It worths =
spending time learning, I believe.


=20
< spamcontrol >

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of =
Hoang SG
Sent: 2003=C4=EA11=D4=C25=C8=D5 9:13
To: Ankur Jain; 'vishak sivakumar'; manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be =
simulated??

Hi Ankur Jain,

NS2 could run on windows platform if you use cygwin. Please go to NS2 =
homepage for more details. I currently run NS2 on windows 2000 using =
cygwin and found everything is OK.

Hope it help,
Hoang

----- Original Message -----
From: "Ankur Jain" <ankur.j@media.mit.edu>
To: "'vishak sivakumar'" <vishak_001@yahoo.com>; <manet@ietf.org>
Sent: Wednesday, November 05, 2003 2:05 AM
Subject: RE: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be =
simulated??


> Hi Vishak,
>
> There are 2-3 other simulators for simulating Manets and ns2 is the =
most
> famous one among these.
>
> Other good simulators are QualNet and OPNET. Both of them are =
commercial
> software. However, a 14 day trial version of QualNet is available. You
> may want to download that and check it yourself. These software can =
run
> on Windows platform.
>
> Well, there are many things that can't be done through simulators - =
you
> can't simulate the wireless environment with 100% accuracy. There will
> definitely be an error - how small it may be.
>
> Hope it helps.
>
> Regards,
> Ankur
>
>
>
> | -----Original Message-----
> | From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf =
Of
> | vishak sivakumar
> | Sent: Wednesday, November 05, 2003 12:35 AM
> | To: manet@ietf.org
> | Subject: [manet] is ns-2 the only simulator with which MANETs can be
> | simulated??
> |
> | hi everybody,
> |
> | i just want to know is that whether the NS-2 the only
> | network simulator that is available for simualting
> | MANETs. is that anything that it cannot be done using
> | any other network simulators. have anybody tried this
> | using any other simualtor or if so anybody has done
> | this using ns-2 please do tell me how to proceed this
> | such that it can be simulated in a WINDOWS platform.
> |
> | i would be really grateful if anybody could help me
> | out and my advance thnaks for them
> |
> | regards,
> | vishak srinivasan
> |
> | =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> |
> |
> | __________________________________
> | Do you Yahoo!?
> | Protect your identity with Yahoo! Mail AddressGuard
> | http://antispam.yahoo.com/whatsnewfree
> |
> | _______________________________________________
> | manet mailing list
> | manet@ietf.org
> | https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Nov  5 03:59:35 2003
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From: "Carlo Spagoni" <spagoni@inwind.it>
To: <manet@ietf.org>
Cc: "Henrik Lundgren" <henrikl@docs.uu.se>
References: <00cb01c39fd5$54861670$5dc68ac0@dell>                           <Pine.SOL.4.53.0310312249060.12281@hamberg.it.uu.se>
Subject: Re: [manet] [DSR] problem with click DSR
Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2003 09:57:53 +0100
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Henrik Lundgren wrote:
> On Fri, 31 Oct 2003, Carlo Spagoni wrote:
>
>> "eth1: ERROR-110 Writing Tx descriptor to BAP" and i must restart.
>>
> This is an error reported by the firmware but is triggered by the
> driver. If I remember correctly BAP stands for Buffer Access Path
> and has something to do with shuffling data in and out of the
> card's memory. Try upgrading to the latest driver (some of the
> "BAP-errors" should have been solved in later versions).
>
> cheers,
> Henrik
>
...thanks a lot Henrik....i donwloaded the last driver orinoco and now it's
ok....(speriamo bene)

regards Carlo


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Hi every body,

I'm interrested to using mobile agents to improve routing mecanisms for MANETs. for exemple we can use them to minimise the time latency due to route recovery in reactive protocols. can agents improve any other drowback, for example ameliore the scalability to mobility, ...

if anyone have an idea in this subject, please send it to me.

best regards .

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From: "David Simplot" <David.Simplot@lifl.fr>
To: <manet@ietf.org>, <tccc@cs.columbia.edu>
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Date: Wed, 5 Nov 2003 12:22:18 +0100
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Subject: [manet] Last CFP IEEE Network Magazine special issue on 'Ad hoc Networking: Data  Communications & Topology Control'
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Please accept our apologies in case you receive this information
from multiple sources.
==================================================================
		     *LAST* Call for Papers

			IEEE Network Magazine

			   Special Issue on
     'AD HOC NETWORKING: DATA COMMUNICATIONS & TOPOLOGY CONTROL'

       http://www.lifl.fr/RD2P/download/net-adhoc-cfp-final.pdf

  IEEE Network seeks articles for a special issue on Ad Hoc
Networking: Data Communications and Topology Control, to appear in
July 2004. The guest editors for this special issue are David
Simplot-Ryl, University of Lille, France, and Ivan Stojmenovic,
University of Ottawa, Canada.

Purpose

  Wireless networks and mobile computing research has until recently
concentrated on single-hop networks (network nodes communicating
directly to a fixed infrastructure), such as cellular and satellite
systems. Ad hoc networking covers multi-hop scenarios (network nodes
communicating via other network nodes) such as conference, hospital,
battlefield, rescue, and monitoring scenarios. Particular ad hoc
network systems include packet radio networks, sensor networks,
personal communication systems, rooftop networks, and wireless local
area networks. Even multi-hop cellular networks may be a viable option
when a huge number of cellular phones are concentrated on a small area
such as stadium.

  This special issue will cover comprehensively the network layer in
ad hoc networks, which deals with data communication and topology
control problems. Data communication problems include routing,
broadcasting, multicasting, geocasting, clustering, area monitoring,
data and service access. Topology control problems include neighbor
discovery, topology construction and maintenance, activity scheduling,
position discovery, partition detection, location updates, and network
management. The new approaches to ad hoc networks design emphasize
cross-layering approach, and therefore the relevant issues arising
from network layer problems will also be covered, such as power
management, security, quality of service, performance evaluation, data
link and transport layers.

  The goal of the special issue is to publish original research and
review articles which should be comprehensive to all readers,
regardless of their specialty.

Manuscript submission

  Send papers as PDF file to both co-guest editors simplot@lifl.fr and
ivan@site.uottawa.ca. It is recommended that submissions be limited to
4500 words, with the number of references limited to 10. Guidelines
for authors can be found on the IEEE Network magazine Website at
http://www.comsoc.org/pubs/net/ntwrk/authors.html .

Important dates

  Manuscript Submission: November 30, 2003
  Acceptance Notification: February 29, 2004
  Final Manuscript Due: May 1, 2004
  Publication: July/August 2004

Guest co-editors

  Dr. David Simplot-Ryl
  IRCICA/LIFL, Univ. Lille 1, France
  David.Simplot@lifl.fr

  Dr. Ivan Stojmenovic
  SITE, University of Ottawa, Canada
  ivan@site.uottawa.ca



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From: Justin Lipman <justin@titr.uow.edu.au>
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Organization: TITR
To: moez gadri <moez_gadri@go.com>, manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] Mobile agents
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Hi Moez, 

Ive always liked the idea of combining intelligent/mobile agents to ad hoc 
networks, but I think its possibly a little heavy weight...

You can go and look at work that Nelson Minar @ MIT media lab.

http://xenia.media.mit.edu/~nelson/research/routes/

More recent work can be found in the paper by:

Nikos Migas, William J. Buchanan, Kevin A. Mc Aartney 
Mobile Agents for Routing, Topology Discovery, and Automatic Network 
Reconfiguration in Ad-Hoc Networks 
http://www.buchananweb.co.uk/wjbuchanan.pdf

Hope that helps.
Justin

-- 
PhD Candidate
Telecommunications & Information Technology Research Institute
School of Computer, Electrical & Telecommunications Engineering
University of Wollongong, Australia 
http://www.titr.uow.edu.au/~justin

On Wed, 5 Nov 2003 09:05 pm, moez gadri wrote:
> Hi every body,
>
> I'm interrested to using mobile agents to improve routing mecanisms for
> MANETs. for exemple we can use them to minimise the time latency due to
> route recovery in reactive protocols. can agents improve any other
> drowback, for example ameliore the scalability to mobility, ...
>
> if anyone have an idea in this subject, please send it to me.
>
> best regards .
>
> ___________________________________________________
> Check-out GO.com
> GO get your free GO E-Mail account with expanded storage of 6 MB!
> http://mail.go.com
>
>
>
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> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet





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Hi,folks

My Phd research focus on  routing security problem in 
MANET.There are lots of related papers in many 
conferences. I wana to know is there anybody 's PhD 
dissertation(or on-going research) is on this topic?


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Subject: RE: [manet] Mobile agents
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From: "Marwaha Shivanajay" <engp1609@nus.edu.sg>
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Hi,

You may look at this work that we did sometime ago using mobile agents
based routing combined with reactive routing to develop a hybrid routing
scheme:

"Mobile Agents based Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks",=20
Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM 2002, 17-21 Nov 2002, Taipei, Taiwan

Well in my view mobile agents may not be able to perform very good with
very high mobility, for that reactive routing is the answer as it
(mobile agents based routing or proactive routing) may not be able to
cope up with the mobility and the routes would become invalid very soon.


But when you consider scalability in terms of network size, reactive
routing may not yield the best results (at least in terms of route
discovery latency) and hence there have been many previous studies on
hybrid routing schemes such as Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) and Ant-AODV
hybrid routing etc. Mobile agents based routing or hybrid routing would
make a good case where route discovery is required to be fast. Consider
a simple case where a para-medic is waiting for a long route to be
discovered (when a pure reactive routing scheme is used) in order to
call the ambulance for an emergency and the patient is waiting along
side.

Regards,
Shivanajay

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
moez gadri
Sent: Wednesday, November 05, 2003 6:05 PM
To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: [manet] Mobile agents


Hi every body,

I'm interrested to using mobile agents to improve routing mecanisms for
MANETs. for exemple we can use them to minimise the time latency due to
route recovery in reactive protocols. can agents improve any other
drowback, for example ameliore the scalability to mobility, ...

if anyone have an idea in this subject, please send it to me.

best regards .

_______________________________________________
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Subject: [manet] 802.11 firmware source code
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Hi,

I'm looking for firmware source code of any 802.11 network adapter. I wil=
l
be very grateful for your help.

Regards
Marcin Gawli=F1ski




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Subject: Re: [manet] Mobile agents
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To: "Marwaha Shivanajay" <engp1609@nus.edu.sg>,
        Justin Lipman <justin@titr.uow.edu.au>,
        "moez gadri" <moez_gadri@go.com>
From: Einar Vollset <einar.vollset@ncl.ac.uk>
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Hey,

The following paper describe a mobile agent approach to achieving =20
self-stabilizing
group comms you might find relevant if you like me have interests=20
slightly outside
pure best-effort unicast routing:

Shlomi Dolev, Elad Schiller, and Jennifer Welch. =93Random Walk for=20
Self-Stabilizing Group Communication in Ad-Hoc Networks,=94 Proc. of the=20=

21st IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS 2002) pp.=20
70-79. In addition, appears in PODC 2002 pp. 259.


Cheers,

Einar

----------------------------------------
Einar Vollset
PhD Student
School of Computing Science
University of Newcastle, UK
http://vollset.org
-----------------------------------------


On Wednesday, Nov 5, 2003, at 13:07 Europe/London, Marwaha Shivanajay=20
wrote:

> Hi,
>
> You may look at this work that we did sometime ago using mobile agents
> based routing combined with reactive routing to develop a hybrid=20
> routing
> scheme:
>
> "Mobile Agents based Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks",
> Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM 2002, 17-21 Nov 2002, Taipei, Taiwan
>
> Well in my view mobile agents may not be able to perform very good =
with
> very high mobility, for that reactive routing is the answer as it
> (mobile agents based routing or proactive routing) may not be able to
> cope up with the mobility and the routes would become invalid very=20
> soon.
>
>
> But when you consider scalability in terms of network size, reactive
> routing may not yield the best results (at least in terms of route
> discovery latency) and hence there have been many previous studies on
> hybrid routing schemes such as Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) and =
Ant-AODV
> hybrid routing etc. Mobile agents based routing or hybrid routing =
would
> make a good case where route discovery is required to be fast. =
Consider
> a simple case where a para-medic is waiting for a long route to be
> discovered (when a pure reactive routing scheme is used) in order to
> call the ambulance for an emergency and the patient is waiting along
> side.
>
> Regards,
> Shivanajay
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> moez gadri
> Sent: Wednesday, November 05, 2003 6:05 PM
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: [manet] Mobile agents
>
>
> Hi every body,
>
> I'm interrested to using mobile agents to improve routing mecanisms =
for
> MANETs. for exemple we can use them to minimise the time latency due =
to
> route recovery in reactive protocols. can agents improve any other
> drowback, for example ameliore the scalability to mobility, ...
>
> if anyone have an idea in this subject, please send it to me.
>
> best regards .
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>



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Date: Wed, 05 Nov 2003 09:35:52 -0800
From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
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Subject: [manet] OSPF Extensions for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
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All,

Please look at the following draft:

http://www.erg.sri.com/projects/tbrpf/docs/draft-ogier-manet-ospf-extension-00.txt

which offers suggestions for extending OSPF to support manet interfaces.  
This draft does not propose a specific protocol, but discusses alternative
candidate techniques that can be compared via discussions, analysis,
and/or simulations.  The suggestions in the draft below are consistent
with the recommendations in draft-baker-manet-ospf-problem-statement-00.txt.

This draft has not yet been submitted to the IETF (since the problem
statement draft was announced only recently), but may be submitted as
an individual draft after the upcoming meeting. (There are no IPR claims
for this draft.) I hope that some of the ideas in this draft will become
part of a more formal Internet-Draft, coauthored by several members of
the working group, which describes a more specific plan for designing
a proactive routing protocol for manets.

Regards,
Richard


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Subject: [manet] Call for participation: Trusted Internet Workshop (TIW03)
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{Please accept our apologies if you  receive multiple copies of this CFP}

Dear Colleague,
 
Enclosed below please find the Call for Participation for the Second
International Trusted Internet Workshop (TIW) 2003 to be held in
conjunction with Intl. Conference on High-Performance Computing on
December 17, 2003 in Hyderabad, INDIA.

For complete information about the upcoming conference, please visit:
    http://www.ee.iastate.edu/~gmani/tiw-2003

We apologize if you have received multiple copies of this Call for
Participation.  Please feel free to distribute it to those who might
be interested.

Very truly yours,

Prof. G. Manimaran (gmani@iastate.edu)
Prof. C. Sivaram Murthy (murthy@iitm.ac.in)
Prof. Krishna Sivalingam (krishna@umbc.edu)

==========================================================================
			CALL FOR PARTICIPATION

      Second International Trusted Internet Workshop (TIW) 2003

Held in conjunction with Intl. Conference on High-Performance Computing 2003
			  December 17, 2003
			   Hyderabad, INDIA

	    URL: http://www.ee.iastate.edu/~gmani/tiw-2003

   Registration, Travel and Accommodation Information available at:
			 http://www.hipc.org

		For more information, please contact:
Prof. Manimaran (gmani@iastate.edu) and Prof. Sivalingam (krishna@umbc.edu)
=========================================================================

                                   SCOPE
				   -----

  In recent years, there has been a tremendous push from both civil
  and military communities for next generation applications demanding
  Quality of Service (QoS), reliability, and security guarantees.  The
  goal of Trusted Internet workshop is to provide a forum for
  researchers and practitioners to present and discuss their work and
  exchange ideas in the areas of Internet QoS, Internet Reliability,
  and Internet Security. To achieve this goal, this workshop presents
  a collection of high-quality papers on various aspects of the
  Trusted Internet.

*********************************************************************
PRELIMINARY TECHNICAL PROGRAM

Session 1: Introduction and Keynote (Time: 9.00 AM - 9.45 AM)
Introduction: General Chairs

Keynote Talk: QoS and Security in Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks
        Prof. Prasant Mohapatra, Univ. of California, Davis, USA

Mobile ad-hoc and sensor networks belong to the class of infrastructure-
less wireless networks, which do not need any fixed infrastructure for
operations. Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have use in battlefields,
disaster recovery areas, inter-communication between islands or in
difficult terrains, and conferencing with any infrastructure support.
Sensor networks have a wide range of applications ranging from monitoring
environments, sensitive installations, and remote data collection and
analysis. Research and development in the areas of infrastructure-less
wireless networks have been advancing at a fast pace and more efforts need
to be dedicated in this direction for wide-scale adoption and deployment.
In this talk we will overview issues and challenges in EQT (read as
EQUITY): Energy, QoS, and Trust aspects of the infrastructure-less
networks. These issues are very critical in addition to the routing and
performance aspects of these networks. In this talk, we will overview
various EQT issues and will explore the future challenges in these areas.

Session 2: Multicast in WDM Networks (Time: 9.45 AM - 10.30 AM)
Session Chair: TBA

Reliability-Constrained Least-Cost Multicast Routing in WDM Optical
			Networks
       Chava Vijaya Saradhi, Mohan Gurusamy, and Zhou Luying (NUS,
       Singapore)

Multicast Traffic Routing in IP-over-WDM Networks
	  Niladhuri Sreenath (Pondicherry Engg. College, India) and
	  C. Siva Ram Murthy (IIT Madras, India)

Break: 10.30 AM -- 11.00 AM

Session 3: Internet Security and QoS (Time: 11.00 AM - 1.00 PM)
Session Chair: TBA

Trust Analysis of Link State Network Routing
       Dijiang Huang, Deep Medhi, Cory Beard, and Lein Harn (Univ. of
       Missouri-Kansas City, USA)

Security modeling and quantification of intrusion tolerant systems
       Bharat Madan and Kishore Trivedi (Duke University, USA)

Trojan Detection using Time Fingerprints in a Self Checking Signature
Scheme
       M.F. Abdulla (University of Yemen, Yemen) and C. P. Ravikumar (Texas
       Instruments, India)

Ensuring Fault-Tolerance in Group Key Distribution using Multicast Group
Characteristics
       H. Seba, A. Bouabdallah and N. Badache (Univ. Tech. Compiegne,
       France)

Virtual video caching: A scalable and generic techniques for improved
quality of video service
       S. P. Pal, R. R. Suman, G. S. Anil Kumar, and R. Malhotra (IIT
       Kharagpur, India)

*********************************************************************

			 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
			 --------------------

GENERAL CO-CHAIRS
-----------------

 G. Manimaran                                              
 Assistant Professor
 Dept. of ECpE
 Iowa State University
 Ames, IA 50011, USA
 Phone: 515 294 9175   
 Fax: 515 294 8432 
 Email: gmani@iastate.edu                              

 C. Siva Ram Murthy
 Professor 
 Department of Computer Science
 IIT Chennai (formerly Madras)
 Chennai -  600 036, INDIA
 Email: murthy@iitm.ac.in

TECHNICAL PROGRAM CHAIR
-----------------------

 Krishna Sivalingam 
 Associate Professor
 Department of CSEE
 1000 Hilltop Circle
 University of Maryland Baltimore County 
 Baltimore, MD 21250 
 Email: krishna@cs.umbc.edu
 Phone: 1-410-455-3961
 Fax: 1-410-455-3969

TECHNICAL PROGRAM COMMITTEE 
---------------------------

Albert Banchs, NEC Europe, Germany
Abdelmadjid Bouabdallah, UTC, France
Anirban Chakrabarti, Iowa State University, USA
Surendar Chandra, Univ. of Notre Dame, USA
Mohan Gurusamy, NUS, Singapore
Rajeev Kumar, IIT Kharagpur, India
Padma Mundur, UMBC, USA
Prasant Mohapatra, University of California, Davis, USA
Sudebkumar Prasant Pal, IIT Kharagpur, India
Byrav Ramamurthy, University of Nebraska, USA
Aaron Striegel, University of Notre Dame, USA
Suresh Subramaniam, George Washington University, USA

PUBLICITY CHAIR
---------------

   Prof. Surendar Chandra, Univ. of Notre Dame, USA

REGISTRATION INFORMATION: www.hipc.org

======================================================================


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From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
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Hi

I am really interested in the time switch between the ``sleep'' state to 
other state.

By the spec, the turn around time between Tx and Rx must be less than 
5micro sec. However it does not state this. I guess it should be in 
order of few microsec right ?

Although, it is easily modelled in ns2 or Glomosim, is it feasible in 
practice ?...What I mean is is that possible we can control the NIC card 
as that easy ?. For example, can we change the Tx power as any level as 
we wish at anytime. Can we set the card to sleep mode and turn it back 
on at anytime as we wish.

Is there anyone has any info on this...I appreciate some ``real'' 
knowledge on this.

Cheers
Peter Pham

Jean Lorchat wrote:

> Hi Justin,
>
>> From your conclusion (quick read), it would seem that the first order 
>> radio model I quoted is reasonably accurate in terms of reception and 
>> transmission?
>
>
> Although these are not my conclusions (I'm not the author), that's 
> what it seems.
> However, I think that John is right when he states that we should 
> differenciate
> so-called idle mode corresponding to "discarding a packet not intended 
> to us" and
> real sleep mode that 802.11 hardware is capable of (namely PSP in 
> infrastructures).
> But knowing this, you must also have a way to use it in adhoc mode 
> (and I don't know
> whether adhoc PSP is a good solution for manets...) ? or do you mean 
> MAC modifications ?
>
> Jean
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>




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From: "HyunWook Cha" <jafy@etri.re.kr>
To: "'Christophe Jelger'" <jelger@dpt-info.u-strasbg.fr>, <manet@ietf.org>
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Subject: RE: FW: [manet] I-D ACTION:draft-cha-manet-extended-support-globalv6-00.txt
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Hello, Christophe.
Thanks for your interest in my draft.
Please see my comments below.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Christophe Jelger
> Sent: Tuesday, November 04, 2003 10:45 PM
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: FW: [manet] I-D 
> ACTION:draft-cha-manet-extended-support-globalv6-00.txt
> 
> 
> 
> Hi again HyunWook,
> 
> I also read your draft, and have a few comments about it.
> 
> First, don't take it as an offense, but it is sometimes quite hard to 
> read (I'm not saying mine is easier to read !), especially 
> the part with 
> the locator (section 5.2). I'm sometimes still not sure I understood 
> things as you are expecting people to understand them.
> 
> So as far as I got it, a node first acquires a global address 
> (or more, 
> one for each gateway ?) valid for GLOBAL_IP_LIFETIME (by the way you 
> don't mention how long that should be). Then if there is no 
> route entry 
> for the (current ?) gateway, the node can use another GW in a MIP 
> manner. Well roughly I understand your proposal, but it's all the 
> details I don't understand well that bother me. My main 
> advice is that 
> you maybe try to rewrite this section and maybe include an 
> example (in a 
> step-by-step way).
> 

Your summary is right.

Thank you for your advice. I apologize that my bad composition bothered
you. :-) I will revise this I-D as soon as I can. 

> In fact I have many questions and in the mean time I don't 
> know where to 
> start because I'm not sure I understood the details. So silly 
> questions 
> are :
> 
> - Each node configures a global address for each gateway ? Or 
> just when 
> it needs a locator ?

Every node configures a global address per a gateway. As you know, while
global address acquition in Wakikawa's draft is in stateless manner
similar to RFC 2462, this is performed in stateful manner. 
So, a manet node should request assignment of its global address to
availabe gateways in my draft. If unsolicited gateway
advertisement(GW_ADV) is issued periodically by gateway, a manet node
can request address assignment by unicast GW_SOL using route informaiton
from received GW_ADVs. Otherwise, a manet node can obtain its addresses
from reachable gateways by broadcasting GW_SOL. 

As I mentioned in my draft, locator candidates are subset of configured
global addresses of a node. 
  
> - The idea to redirect packets arrving at a given gateway through 
> another gateway from which ad hoc node is reachable seems 
> good but I'm not sure whether it is realistic or not. For example, at
some point 
> there might be a cascade of such registrations, how do you 
> handle that ?

Good question. I also think that a cascade of locator registrations
should be avoided. To address this problem, I added following
requirement for locator registration. Firstly, a manet node checks that
cared address(being used to current active sesstion) is being used as a
locator of another global address or not. Only if the cared address is
not being used as locator, it performs locator registration. Secondly, a
manet node should use global addresses as candidates of locator which
are not being cared through previous locator registrations. However,
these requirements are not sufficient to avoid this issue since
information related locator registration in a manet node can be
inconsistent with information in gateway, which can be occurred
ocassionally in nature of manet. Thus, in my draft, gateways are
responsible for cascaded locator registration problem. That is, when
gateway which assigned locator address receives a LOC_UPDATE, it filters
out the message if locator in the message is being cared through
previous locator registation. If not, the gateway updates
loc_service_expire in node_entry for locator in the message to current
time plus LOC_SERVICE_LIFETIME(10 secs). By doing this, locator is not
allowed to be cared through upcoming locator registrations as long as
loc_service_expire is valid. In addition, when gateway which assigned
the address for which the LOC_UPDATE was issued receives a LOC_UPDATE,
it filters out the message if it is possilbe that the cared address is
being used as locator for another address, in other words,
loc_service_expire for the cared address is valid. In this way, this
issue can be handled simply. 
  
> - I'm not sure about the complexity of your proposal if you want to 
> implement it. Can you tell us more about that ?

Actually, I have written NS-2 simulation codes for my draft except for
implicit ack related to address refresh as well as locator registration.
In my codes, I also considered next hop forwarding strategy instead of
routing header. But big difference between you and I is that multiple
global addresses are configured and maintained in very natural manner,
and source address based forwarding is performed in intermediate nodes
on a path to a gateway thereby avoiding use of routing header. For this
scheme, logical prefix continuity is necessary. That is, all
intermediate nodes should have corresponding GW_INFO for the prefix of
source address in a received packet. As for complexity, Uhm...
Currently, I did not yet analyze the complexity of my draft deeply.
Basically, idea is simple but applicability to manet requires addtional
considerations as my draft describes. Although, I tried to perform
efficiently my scheme, room to be modified and enhanced may be left in
my draft.    

> - Your proposal induces packet encapsulations, which is quite 
> hungry in 
> resources (an extra header in all packets). Routing becomes 
> sub-optimal 
> (i.e. triangular).

Right. Tunneling using registered locator should be done as
restictively(limitedly) as possible. Basically, I propose this scheme as
advanced functionality for basic internet connectivity support. So, a
gateway can forward using route entry for a manet node instead of
tunneling using locator when the gateway knows fresh route information
throgh normal route discovery by the manet node (in case of
bidirectional communication) or the gateway itself. Please, think about
the case where a gateway can not obtain route information for
destination manet node because of a little bit long-term partition. In
this case, my scheme can be helpful since it can help upper layer
session keep going safely. I think this has big advantage over some
nonobtimal routing or bandwidth consumption by encapsulation. 
 
> - I think your proposal induces a large number of security 
> issues around 
> locator registrations : Node B registers a locator with a 
> gateway G for 
> address of node C (and gateway of C will forward packets to G 
> that will 
> forward them to B). Is this possible ?
> 

Right. As Mobile IPv6 needs securiy associations between HA and a mobile
node to authorize a binding update, security concern is also a critical
issue in my draft. As you read section 6, this is out of scope for the
initial version. As I mentioned in my draft, I am cosidering basic
security mechanism for routing protocols (update of route entry actually
requires secure mechanism needed for authentication of destination node)
as well as additional method. I wonder that IPSec can be applied to my
scheme efficiently. IMO, more than two way handshake to establish
security association can not be adapted in manet. Enhanced Diffi-Helman
method can be used, too. Again, I will describe in more detail in
revised version.


> I'm sorry I can't give more feedback, mainly because I think I 
> understand your proposal roughly but not deeply.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Christophe
> 

I hope that my explanation can help you understand more deeply and you
can give important comments. 

Thanks in advance.

HyunWook Cha



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Reply-To: <jafy@etri.re.kr>
From: "HyunWook Cha" <jafy@etri.re.kr>
To: "'Christophe Jelger'" <jelger@dpt-info.u-strasbg.fr>
Cc: <manet@ietf.org>, "'autonet'" <autonet@ipv6.or.kr>
Subject: RE: [manet] Comment on manet gateway autoconf draft.
Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2003 13:58:10 +0900
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Hellow, Cristophe.
Please see my comments below.

[snip]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------
> 
> HyunWook Cha wrote:
> > Hello, Christophe.
> > 
> > I briefly read your draft.
> > Please see following comments.
> > 
> > .GW_INFO_REFRESH_PERIOD(2 secs) is too short. This can 
> degrade overall 
> > manet capability.
> 
> Well in fact this value may change, and actually it is not 
> easy to find 
> a suitable value. I mean, if this value is too big then we won't have 
> any reactivity to topological changes. In the mean time, I do 
> not agree 
> with you when you say that it degrades the performance of the 
> manet, as 
> with our proposal each node does one (local to its 1-hop 
> neighborhood) 
> broadcast every GW_INFO_REFRESH_PEIOD. The size of the broadcasted 
> message itself is very small (24 bytes for the data + IPv6 header). I 
> don't think such a small overhead can that much degrade performance.
> 
Uhm... I understand that. But, receiver nodes should process GW_INFO in
routing module or seperate specific module whether the GW_INFO is
accepted or not. I think this is also unnecessay bandwidth consumption
and processing overhead. 

> > - Irrespective of type of underlying routing protocols, 
> this appoach 
> > can cause inconsistency of route entry for gw and default 
> route entry. 
> > This is ok for proactive routing protocols except for above issue. 
> > However, as for reactive routing protocols, prefix 
> continuity does not 
> > help at all and routing header is needed to avoid ingress filtering 
> > problem. Becuase routing entry is created through routing 
> protocol(you 
> > told that in your draft), path along which packets travers can be 
> > different from one with prefix continuity. If this is right, you 
> > should consider applicability to reactive routing protocols again.
> 
> Well in fact this is mentioned in the draft, i.e. there might be a 
> different next hop entry for default route (added by our 
> protocol) and 
> for gateway/128 route (added by proactive routing protocol), 
> in the case 
> of proactive protocols. With F_DISTANCE, it is easy to show that the 
> alternate path is also a shortest-path. With F_STABILITY, the 
> alternate 
> path may be longer than shortest-path, but (during a 
> stady-state period) 
> all nodes on this path use the same prefix, so we don't need 
> a routing 
> header : that is our main objective.
> 
> Now with reactive protocols, we don't add a default route. 
> The reactive 
> routing protocol is in charge of route discovery. If the prefix 
> continuity condition is satisfied, it means that there 
> exists, between a 
> node A with prefix P and its gateway G, a path of nodes with 
> prefix P. 
> If we want to avoid the need of a routing header, there should be a 
> condition in routing protocol operation : "don't accept R_REP (for a 
> destination address outside manet) from nodes that use a different 
> prefix". This condition would impose (in a recursive manner) that the 
> path would be composed of nodes with prefix P.
> 

Above condition is not sufficient. Broadcast RREQ message can traverse
any node irrespective of its prefix. So, reverse path established by
RREQ is shortest one toward the gateway but intermediate nodes may have
different prefix than a requesting node as well as intermediate node
replying with RREP. Thus, you should insert additional requirement into
processing of RREQ that only intermediate nodes with the same prefix as
requesting node can forward RREQ. This can lead that upper layer session
is disconnected even before lifetime of prefix is expired. 

> > 
> > .Why do not you allow configuration of multiple global 
> addresses from 
> > multiple gateways?
> 
> Mainly because we favor prefix continuity. A node could have 
> more than 
> one global address but it should then use the one for which prefix 
> continuity is maintained. In our proposal we use only one global 
> address, but it is changed (with some delay) if a topological change 
> occurs. In fact and again our proposal avoids the need of a routing 
> header. Actuallly it can of course be interesting to have multiple 
> global addresses, and this something we may add in the future, if we 
> manage to come up with a cleaver idea on how we can use these 
> addresses 
> efficiently.
> 

If the main purpose of maintenance of prefix continuity is to avoid
routing header, I do not agree. IMO, usage of routing header has
following advantages.
- not require prefix continuity, but prefix stability can be maximized.
As long as a node can find route information for a gateway, it can
refresh its address. This can help tranport layer survivability.
- can use the shortest path established by routing protocol. This can
compensate bandwidth consumption caused by routing header  while
traffics can traverse non-optimal paths without routing header.
- ok when intermediate nodes do not want internet connectivity or not
yet configure its global address just after bootstraping. It needs only
route information for a gateway through RREQ and RREP exchange. 

What do you think about this?

Regards,

HyunWook Cha




















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Hi every body,=0D=0AI want to know if there is any Implementation code fo=
r OLSR in Glomosim. If it exists please send to me this implementation co=
de. =0D=0AThanks.=0A=0AAcc=E9dez au courrier =E9lectronique de La Poste :=
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50 (0,34=80/mn)=0A=0A
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<DIV style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: verdana, arial; FONT-SIZE: 12px">=0D=0A<DIV>Hi=
 every body,</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>I want to know if there is any Implementatio=
n code for OLSR in Glomosim. If it exists please send to me this implemen=
tation code. </DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>Thanks.</DIV></DIV>=0A<br><br>=0AAcc=E9dez =
au courrier =E9lectronique de La Poste : www.laposte.net ; =0A<br>=0A3615=
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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu Nov  6 08:28:33 2003
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From: Vincent Gauthier <vincent.m.gauthier@free.fr>
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Subject: [manet] Crosslayer Simulation
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Hi evrybody,
My Phd research focus on CrossLayer Simulation, I want to know if there
is any Implementation code for Ns or other simulator. If it exists
please give me the pointer to this.
Thanks.




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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu Nov  6 15:14:40 2003
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Subject: [manet] directional antennas in mesh networks
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I hear from the military that they are mostly looking at arrays of 
directional antennas with
switching systems to select the antenna used.  Ie, imagine 8 yagi antennas 
pointed
in different directions and a switch that allows any of them to be 
selected.   Advantages are
lower power, less interference, longer range.  The disadvantage is more 
complex routing
software - you also have to decide which antenna to use when.

I tend to agree that it is the right way to go.   What protocols do we have 
to support this?




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Jon
If you look at Ad Hoc you typically see a routing scheme on top of a 
broadcast scheme. Like run a router over packet radio. In the Ad Hoc 
spec they are typically merged. With directional antennas the antennas 
"look" at each other to set up a connection and then communicate. So you 
just need to separate the routing scheme from probably any Manet idea 
and use it as a point to point protocol. Just calculate the path based 
on routing info, point and send. Of course you have to know where to 
point. LEO Satellites can be prepointed and as they revolve around the 
earth if you did it right the pointing holds. With mobile vehicles, 
ground or air you may need a GPS based pilot system or some other 
orderwire for the vehicles to find each other. Since the routing needs 
paths and calculates based on paths it would seem a proactive system 
would be desired. If you look in "Packet Switching for Mobile Earth 
Stations via Low-Orbit Satellite Network", K. Brayer, Proceedings of the 
IEEE, November 1984 you will see an example.  Sorry, this predates 
computerized papers so you need to go to the library, IEEE Xplore may 
have a scanned pdf available, I don't know. The routing algorithm is the 
same idea as the add a path to messages system  as in DSR so I assume 
DSR can be used to strip out the algorithm. Also ZRP refers to a Route 
Accumulation Procedure which is again the same so it could be extracted 
to form a path calculator. Likewise ABR contains the path developer. 
Probably many others also.

Ken

Jon Zeeff wrote:

>
>
> I hear from the military that they are mostly looking at arrays of 
> directional antennas with
> switching systems to select the antenna used.  Ie, imagine 8 yagi 
> antennas pointed
> in different directions and a switch that allows any of them to be 
> selected.   Advantages are
> lower power, less interference, longer range.  The disadvantage is 
> more complex routing
> software - you also have to decide which antenna to use when.
>
> I tend to agree that it is the right way to go.   What protocols do we 
> have to support this?
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet


-- 
Kenneth Brayer
Fellow of the IEEE
M/S B312
The MITRE Corporation
202 Burlington Road
Bedford, MA 01730

e-mail: kb@mitre.org
tele: 781-271-5254
fax: 781-271-2841




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From: "dholmer" <dholmer@cs.jhu.edu>
To: <manet@ietf.org>, "'Peter Pham'" <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
Subject: RE: [Fwd: Re: [manet] Power Saving in 802.11]
Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2003 19:03:08 -0500
Organization: Johns Hopkins University
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The turnaround time from Tx to Rx cited in the 802.11 spec deals with a
somewhat different area than the power saving state transitions. A while
back I downloaded a document from Intersil called "PRISM Power
Management Modes" (application note AN9665) that was dated February
1997. This document details the power saving states of the original
PRISM chipset, current consumption, and most interestingly the time
needed to transition between these states. What I hadn't known before
reading this document, was that there isn't just one "sleep" mode, but a
number of different levels of power saving modes. Each mode corresponds
to deactivating a larger and larger fraction of the radio hardware. The
result of this is that "deeper" sleep modes consume less power, but take
more time to wake up from because more hardware must be reinitialized
and stabilized. Here is a basic summery of the operating modes they
described:

       Mode           Current  Recovery Time
Transmit (continuous)  488mA          NA
Receive  (continuous)  287mA          NA
Power Saving Mode 1    190mA        1 us
Power Saving Mode 2     70mA       25 us
Power Saving Mode 3     60mA     2000 us (2 ms)
Power Saving Mode 4     30mA     5000 us (5 ms)

Going from an active mode to a power saving mode takes essentially zero
time, but the time till fully active from a given power saving mode
takes the time listed in the table above. The wakeup process seems to
transition up through the power states, with some brief (10us) power
spikes when transitions are made. In other words, if you are in power
saving mode 4 (consuming 30mA) and are scheduled to be active at time T,
you begin by transitioning to power saving mode 3 at T minus 5000 us.
After a brief power spike, you'll be consuming 60 mA until T minus 2000
us when you transition to power saving mode 2. After another brief power
spike you consume 70 mA until T minus 25 us when you go to power saving
mode 1. Then you consume 190 mA until T minus 1 us when you make the
final transition to active mode. A graphical representation of this is
shown at the end of the document.

It seems that as long as we are setting sleep times for >5ms then the
turn on time isn't going to be much of a problem in actual
implementations. Obviously these numbers will be different for cards
with different chipsets, but the order of magnitude in timing should
probably be the same.

Now for your other question on how feasible is it to control the power
saving state of an actual NIC card. I haven't had that much experience
with attempting that yet. The real question is if that functionality is
available at the driver level, or if it is only a firmware controlled
feature. A quick search through the Linux open source orinoco driver
(which actually supports many types of cards) yielded no promising leads
for manual power control. However many options for enabling the default
802.11 PSM and tweaking its parameters were available. In a pinch, it
may be possible to switch the card in and out of PSM with very long
beacon intervals, but some in depth experimentation would be necessary
to test this out.

David Holmer

PS I had trouble locating a link to the Intersil application note. If it
has been removed, people can email me directly for a copy.

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Peter Pham
Sent: Wednesday, November 05, 2003 8:59 PM
To: Jean Lorchat; MANET
Subject: Re: [Fwd: Re: [manet] Power Saving in 802.11]

Hi

I am really interested in the time switch between the ``sleep'' state to

other state.

By the spec, the turn around time between Tx and Rx must be less than 
5micro sec. However it does not state this. I guess it should be in 
order of few microsec right ?

Although, it is easily modelled in ns2 or Glomosim, is it feasible in 
practice ?...What I mean is is that possible we can control the NIC card

as that easy ?. For example, can we change the Tx power as any level as 
we wish at anytime. Can we set the card to sleep mode and turn it back 
on at anytime as we wish.

Is there anyone has any info on this...I appreciate some ``real'' 
knowledge on this.

Cheers
Peter Pham

Jean Lorchat wrote:

> Hi Justin,
>
>> From your conclusion (quick read), it would seem that the first order

>> radio model I quoted is reasonably accurate in terms of reception and

>> transmission?
>
>
> Although these are not my conclusions (I'm not the author), that's 
> what it seems.
> However, I think that John is right when he states that we should 
> differenciate
> so-called idle mode corresponding to "discarding a packet not intended

> to us" and
> real sleep mode that 802.11 hardware is capable of (namely PSP in 
> infrastructures).
> But knowing this, you must also have a way to use it in adhoc mode 
> (and I don't know
> whether adhoc PSP is a good solution for manets...) ? or do you mean 
> MAC modifications ?
>
> Jean
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>




_______________________________________________
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Date: Fri, 7 Nov 2003 11:15:07 +0900
From: Sota Yoshida <syoshida@net.ie.niigata-u.ac.jp>
To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] Implementation code for OLSR in Glomosim
Message-Id: <20031107111507.2035012d.syoshida@net.ie.niigata-u.ac.jp>
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Hi Mouna and manet,


I'm a student of Niigata Univ in Japan.

I implemented a OLSR code(ver.11) in GloMoSim.
If you need a olsr code , please send a E-mail 
first to syoshida@net.ie.niigata-u.ac.jp , mgoto@net.ie.niigata-u.ac.jp
and mase@net.ie.niigata-u.ac.jp.


Regards,
gm and syoshida


On Thu,  6 Nov 2003 09:39:28 +0100
"mouna.ayari" <mouna.ayari@laposte.net> wrote:

> Hi every body,
> I want to know if there is any Implementation code for OLSR in Glomosim. If it exists please send to me this implementation code. 
> Thanks.
> 
> 
> 

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Subject: RE: [manet] Extension to 802.11 needed for MANET?
Date: Fri, 7 Nov 2003 11:02:04 +0800
Message-ID: <3D565922795545468AE3E3DA2881BEA901F858F8@mail01.student.main.ntu.edu.sg>
Thread-Topic: [manet] Extension to 802.11 needed for MANET?
Thread-Index: AcOi0i2Ol7lHmBb3Q9SvJTm2HIVpbQCA49sQ
From: "#LI ZHIFEI#" <zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg>
To: "Chi-Hsiang Yeh" <chi-hsiang.yeh@ece.queensu.ca>, <manet@ietf.org>
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Hi,

I would comment my understanding as follows:

IEEE 802.11 operates well in a single-hop network (at least it can run =
in the practical scenario though QoS can not be ensured).

However, when IEEE 802.11 is adopted into multi-hop scenarios, the =
performance is really not promising as shown by many papers.
The key problem of IEEE 802.11 in multi-hop scenarios is that it cannot =
cope with the inteference from neighborhood nodes in an efficient =
manner.
The inteference problem is in turn mainly due to the following =
assumptions: single channel in the whole network, omi-directional =
antenna,=20
and symetrical transmission power. That is why many work have introduced =
multi-channel (or sometimes busy-tone channel), directional-antenna,
and power control (from inteference point of view) into multi-hop ad hoc =
networks. Regarding to these issues, please see the tutorial of=20
mobihoc 2002 given by professor Nitin Vaidya.

However, when we use multi-channel , directional-antenna, and power =
control, IEEE 802.11 may need considerable modifications or
we may have to design totally new MAC protocols. Therefore, when we talk =
about modifications of IEEE 802.11 in multi-hop sceanrios,
there may be two options:=20
(1) extend IEEE 802.11 into multi-hop ad hoc networks while still =
keeping assumptions of single channel,=20
omi-directional antenna, and symetrical transmission power?
(2) extend IEEE 802.11 into multi-hop ad hoc networks with multi-channel =
(or sometimes busy-tone channel), directional-antenna,
and complex power control ?

Now, my questions are: Is it technically possible for the above two =
options? If yes, which one is better in the multi-hop ad hoc networks?

Best regards

Li zhifei


-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of =
Chi-Hsiang Yeh
Sent: dimarts, 4 / novembre / 2003 20:57
To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: [manet] Extension to 802.11 needed for MANET?


Hi,

I'll appreciate your opinions toward the following issue.

In the literature, IEEE 802.11 is the most commonly assumed MAC protocol
for ad hoc networks. Most ad hoc network testbeds are also built based
on IEEE 802.11. However, some problems (e.g., concerning power control,
interference, QoS, directional antennas, security, or radio efficiency)
will be introduced when the MAC protocol of IEEE 802.11/11e is applied
to multihop networking environments, leading to inefficiency and
difficulties in QoS provisioning.

Do you think we need an extension to the MAC protocols of IEEE 802.11
and 802.11e for ad hoc networks and multihop WLANs?
=20
Chi-Hsiang Yeh
___________________________________________________________
Chi-Hsiang Yeh (Mr./Dr./Prof.)
Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng.
Queen's University
Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6
Canada
=20
phone:  +1 613-533-6368
fax:     +1 613-533-6615
e-mail:  chi-hsiang.yeh@ece.queensu.ca , yeh@ee.queensu.ca
URL:    http://www.ece.queensu.ca/hpages/faculty/yeh/
___________________________________________________________



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Date: Fri,  7 Nov 2003 07:33:10 +0100
To: dholmer@cs.jhu.edu
Cc: manet@ietf.org, "'Peter Pham'" <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
Subject: RE: [Fwd: Re: [manet] Power Saving in 802.11]
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Hi all !
>        Mode           Current  Recovery Time
> Transmit (continuous)  488mA          NA
> Receive  (continuous)  287mA          NA
> Power Saving Mode 1    190mA        1 us
> Power Saving Mode 2     70mA       25 us
> Power Saving Mode 3     60mA     2000 us (2 ms)
> Power Saving Mode 4     30mA     5000 us (5 ms)

very interesting...
> 
> Going from an active mode to a power saving mode takes essentially zero
> time, but the time till fully active from a given power saving mode
> takes the time listed in the table above. The wakeup process seems to
> transition up through the power states, with some brief (10us) power
> spikes when transitions are made. In other words, if you are in power
> saving mode 4 (consuming 30mA) and are scheduled to be active at time T,
> you begin by transitioning to power saving mode 3 at T minus 5000 us.
> After a brief power spike, you'll be consuming 60 mA until T minus 2000
> us when you transition to power saving mode 2. After another brief power
> spike you consume 70 mA until T minus 25 us when you go to power saving
> mode 1. Then you consume 190 mA until T minus 1 us when you make the
> final transition to active mode. A graphical representation of this is
> shown at the end of the document.
> 
> Now for your other question on how feasible is it to control the power
> saving state of an actual NIC card. I haven't had that much experience
> with attempting that yet. The real question is if that functionality is
> available at the driver level, or if it is only a firmware controlled
> feature. A quick search through the Linux open source orinoco driver
> (which actually supports many types of cards) yielded no promising leads
However, there are cards with no firmware and almost open-source driver that
look very promising, using Atheros chipset. See the madwifi project
http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/madwifi. 

> for manual power control. However many options for enabling the default
> 802.11 PSM and tweaking its parameters were available. In a pinch, it
> may be possible to switch the card in and out of PSM with very long
> beacon intervals, but some in depth experimentation would be necessary
> to test this out.
I think that this should work for adhoc, although an answer may be needed to the
PS mode frame by the IBSS master depending on the firmware, not sure of this one
though. As you said, experimentation needed...

Jean

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From: "Omar LAHLOU" <omlahlou@sympatico.ca>
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Subject: [manet] Multipath routing implementation for GloMoSim
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 Hi All,
 
Please, I am looking for AOMDV or any Multipath Routing Protocol
implementation over GlomoSim to campare it to my
routing protocol. Please if you have the source code I'll be grateful.
 
Thanks.
Omar. 



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From: Rimon Barr <barr@cs.cornell.edu>
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To: manet@ietf.org
cc: Kenneth Brayer <kb@mitre.org>, Jangeun Jun <jjun@unity.ncsu.edu>,
        <ma11@uow.edu.au>, <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>,
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Subject: [manet] scalable wireless simulation (was: Scalalbe DSDV code in ns-2?)
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Dear Jangeun Jun and others,

As Naoumov already mentioned, the problem is first the simulator and
then (possibly) the network protocol being simulated. I'm currently
building a simulation system called JiST (for Java in Simulation Time)
and a wireless network simulator on top of this system called SWANS (for
Scalable Wireless Ad hoc Network Simulator), explicitly to tackle this
problem of scalability. This work is a project at Cornell's Wireless
Networking Lab: http://wnl.ece.cornell.edu. Based on my results, I
believe that 100,000 nodes is a *very* realistic number and can it be
simulated with accuracy in just a few hours even with a sequential
simulator. My preliminary results show that JiST out-performs Glomosim,
ns2 and even raw Parsec code by 2x-10x just in terms of event
throughput. More importantly for this group, I have also run full
wireless simulations in SWANS. SWANS uses an effective algorithm to
simulate signal propagation similar to Naoumov's idea presented at
MSWiM. It is improved to be insensitive to bin size. The result of
efficient signal propagation, combined with the time and memory saving
of the JiST approach, is that the total time to run a wireless
simulation is linear with respect to the number of nodes (for fixed
density and proportional traffic load) and I am running simulations with
100,000 nodes on commodity hardware (2.0GHz processor with less than 1Gb
of RAM) within a few hours. I've also recently been able to show
1,000,000 nodes. We're currently working on more simulation components
and hope to release the software in a few months. So, 100,000 nodes and
up is certainly possible, even with a sequential simulator on commodity
hardware -- you just need to do things efficiently.

All the best,
Rimon.
-- 
Rimon Barr -  Ph.D. candidate, Computer Science, Cornell University
rimon-AT-acm.org - http://www.cs.cornell.edu/barr - Y!IM: batripler

On Thu, 30 Oct 2003, Kenneth Brayer wrote:

>Jangeun
>
>You have another problem. Mario Gerla of UCLA, CS Dept., gave a talk in
>a panel discussion at Milcom 2002 pointing out that ns-2 is very slow
>above a few hundred nodes. He suggested Qualnet as a simulator for large
>networks and ran a 1000 node example of I think LANMAR above AODV(?). It
>took minutes. He said ns-2 would run for like days(?). Mario can
>probably give you better info.
>Ken
>
>Jangeun Jun wrote:
>
>>Hi,
>>Thank you Peter, thank you Mehran, I appreciate your prompt reponses.
>>I agree that 100K is somewhat unrealistic number.
>>Then, how about 1K? (or hopefully 10K?)
>>
>>I need to compare the performance of a new algorithm with existing ones
>>(DSDV, DSR, AODV, TORA and so on...). And I don't think it's a good idea
>>to compare the performance only up to 100 nodes because of DSDV. (Other
>>models seem to be OK... Why only DSDV?)
>>
>>I agree that DSDV is not scalable by its nature. But that's what we want
>>to simulate. The restriction of 100 nodes is really painful. I mean it
>>can be difficult to tell the difference with only 100 nodes.
>>
>>Can anyone please let me know if there is *any* version of DSDV model
>>written in ns-2 that overcame the 100-node limit?
>>Or, has anyone tried to modify the ns-2's "dsdv.cc" code to enable
>>multiple packets per update?
>>
>>Regards,
>>
>>-Jangeun Jun
>>
>>>Hi
>>>I dont think that you can manage to run such scenario realistically.
>>>If anyone did, I am really interested to know.
>>>BTW, I heard someone has run a network of 10000 nodes using AODV...
>>>
>>>Cheers
>>>Peter Pham
>>
>>On Thu, 30 Oct 2003 ma11@uow.edu.au wrote:
>>
>>>Hi Jangeun,
>>>
>>>I am not sure why you want run such a large number of nodes.
>>>I dont think DSDV or any other proactive routing protocol
>>>would scale to such a large number of nodes, as the number of
>>>update packets would overwelm the network, not mension that
>>>your simulator would crash or run for a very very long time
>>>regardless of what simulation tool you use (NS, glomosim..etc).
>>>
>>>I dont know of any proposed MANET routing protocol
>>>proven to run such a large network.
>>>
>>>Regards,
>>>Mehran
>>>--------------------------------
>>>
>>>Dear sir or madam,
>>>
>>>I am a Ph.D. student at NC State University.
>>>As it's clearly shown in ns-2's DSDV source code (dsdv.cc),
>>>the current
>>>ns-2 DSDV protocol is not scalable. The maximum number of
>>>entries in an
>>>update packet is around 100 and nodes cannot generate multiple
>>>packets for one update.
>>>
>>>Since I need to run very large DSDV scenario (100,000 nodes), I am
>>>looking for a *scalable* DSDV model written in ns-2.
>>>Your tip will be greatly appreciated.
>>>
>>>(I posted this question on ns-2 mailing list but no answer. I hope
>>>that there is an improved DSDV model done by an expert in this
>>>manet
>>>circle.)
>>>
>>>Regards,
>>>
>>>-Jangeun Jun


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From: "John Mullen" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
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Date: Fri, 7 Nov 2003 10:27:08 -0700
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Subject: [manet] A question of scope
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Hi,

We have been studying the MANET problem here and have come to the
conclusion that there is a stochastic component that needs to be managed
However, we are not sure where the management would best be addressed.
In theory, the variability of received power could be managed at the
MAC, link or some sub-MANET protocol layer, but we feel the best
solutions will incorporate integrating the layers and at least some
management by the MANET protocol.

My first question is, would a MANET protocol that differs from others
solely in the manner it deals with this problem of variability in the
received signal be considered a distinct MANET protocol or would it be
better to treat this as a modification that could be applied to a number
of protocols.

My second is, would this be an appropriate topic for this working group
or would it be better addressed in some other forum.

Thanks,

John P. Mullen, Ph.D.
Center for Stochastic Operations Modeling
Industrial Engineering Department
New Mexico State University

Call:  KH6DG
Tel:   (505) 646-2958
Email: jomullen@nmsu.edu


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri Nov  7 13:44:33 2003
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Date: Fri, 7 Nov 2003 10:43:46 -0800 (PST)
From: "Krishna N. Ramachandran" <krishna@cs.ucsb.edu>
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Subject: [manet] AODV @ IETF Project
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Hi there,
       Mobile ad hoc networks have typically been deployed on a small 
scale in restricted environments. The AODV@IETF project aims to make 
available the first ever publicly-usable ad hoc network at the 58th IETF 
conference to be held in Minneapolis, MN, USA from November 9-14. The 
AODV network, scheduled to go live at 12:01 AM on the 10th of November, 
a Monday, will support Internet capable AODV implementations for the 
Microsoft Windows XP and Linux operating systems.

Our goals behind the project are to demonstrate the capabilities of ad 
hoc networks to the general public and also to evaluate the performance 
of ad hoc networks when used on a large-scale in the real world.
 
We welcome and encourage your participation in the ad hoc network at 
the IETF.  Please visit the AODV@IETF website: 
http://moment.cs.ucsb.edu/aodv-ietf for more details. On the same website, 
we will very soon make available the software packages needed to join the 
ad hoc network.
 
Please email me if you have any questions at krishna@cs.ucsb.edu.

Thank you and looking forward to your participation,
Krishna Ramachandran,
UC Santa Barbara.




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From: "Faisal Md I" <mif7474@louisiana.edu>
To: manet@ietf.org
Date: Fri, 7 Nov 2003 16:13:53 -0500
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Subject: [manet] QualNet Help need
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Hi!

I would like to do some simulation using QualNet 3.5. In my simulation I 
would like to see what is the effect of selecting a route based on packet 
drop rate + bandwidth + delay. Usually, any link state protocol selects a 
route based on only hop count. If in a network there are multiple routes with 
same hop count available my simulation would select the one with best 
performance according to those three parameters. As I'm very new to QualNet, 
I'm kind of clueless one where to start. Can anyone please suggest me where 
to start. If you have appropriate code that would also be a great help.

Thanks a lot.

Ibrahim
mif7474@louisiana.edu

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From: "iman elghandour" <ielghand@mail.com>
To: "Rimon Barr" <rb83@cornell.edu>, manet@ietf.org
Cc: "Kenneth Brayer" <kb@mitre.org>, "Jangeun Jun" <jjun@unity.ncsu.edu>,
        ma11@uow.edu.au, ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au,
        "Mihail L Sichitiu" <mlsichit@unity.ncsu.edu>
Date: Fri, 07 Nov 2003 16:39:30 -0500
Subject: Re: [manet] scalable wireless simulation (was: Scalalbe DSDV code
    in ns-2?)
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Hi,
woow. It =91s really amazing to simulate a 1,000,000 node and so it encou=
raged me to ask this question.. my question is what about the reality, ca=
n I have this number of nodes connected in an ad hoc network, I think the=
re is no real life implementation but theoretically is it possible??!!
I was thinking of another thing too, what about simulating the network to=
 be composed of smaller separated sub-networks,. Have any one considered =
this simulation in his work. I think it will be important to consider it =
in service discovery or file sharing scenarios.
Kind regards,
Iman.

----- Original Message -----
From: Rimon Barr <barr@cs.cornell.edu>
Date: Fri, 7 Nov 2003 11:33:07 -0500 (EST)
To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: [manet] scalable wireless simulation (was: Scalalbe DSDV code in=
 ns-2?)

> Dear Jangeun Jun and others,
>=20
> As Naoumov already mentioned, the problem is first the simulator and
> then (possibly) the network protocol being simulated. I'm currently
> building a simulation system called JiST (for Java in Simulation Time)
> and a wireless network simulator on top of this system called SWANS (fo=
r
> Scalable Wireless Ad hoc Network Simulator), explicitly to tackle this
> problem of scalability. This work is a project at Cornell's Wireless
> Networking Lab: http://wnl.ece.cornell.edu. Based on my results, I
> believe that 100,000 nodes is a *very* realistic number and can it be
> simulated with accuracy in just a few hours even with a sequential
> simulator. My preliminary results show that JiST out-performs Glomosim,
> ns2 and even raw Parsec code by 2x-10x just in terms of event
> throughput. More importantly for this group, I have also run full
> wireless simulations in SWANS. SWANS uses an effective algorithm to
> simulate signal propagation similar to Naoumov's idea presented at
> MSWiM. It is improved to be insensitive to bin size. The result of
> efficient signal propagation, combined with the time and memory saving
> of the JiST approach, is that the total time to run a wireless
> simulation is linear with respect to the number of nodes (for fixed
> density and proportional traffic load) and I am running simulations wit=
h
> 100,000 nodes on commodity hardware (2.0GHz processor with less than 1G=
b
> of RAM) within a few hours. I've also recently been able to show
> 1,000,000 nodes. We're currently working on more simulation components
> and hope to release the software in a few months. So, 100,000 nodes and
> up is certainly possible, even with a sequential simulator on commodity
> hardware -- you just need to do things efficiently.
>=20
> All the best,
> Rimon.
> --=20
> Rimon Barr -  Ph.D. candidate, Computer Science, Cornell University
> rimon-AT-acm.org - http://www.cs.cornell.edu/barr - Y!IM: batripler
>=20
> On Thu, 30 Oct 2003, Kenneth Brayer wrote:
>=20
> >Jangeun
> >
> >You have another problem. Mario Gerla of UCLA, CS Dept., gave a talk i=
n
> >a panel discussion at Milcom 2002 pointing out that ns-2 is very slow
> >above a few hundred nodes. He suggested Qualnet as a simulator for lar=
ge
> >networks and ran a 1000 node example of I think LANMAR above AODV(?). =
It
> >took minutes. He said ns-2 would run for like days(?). Mario can
> >probably give you better info.
> >Ken
> >
> >Jangeun Jun wrote:
> >
> >>Hi,
> >>Thank you Peter, thank you Mehran, I appreciate your prompt reponses.
> >>I agree that 100K is somewhat unrealistic number.
> >>Then, how about 1K? (or hopefully 10K?)
> >>
> >>I need to compare the performance of a new algorithm with existing on=
es
> >>(DSDV, DSR, AODV, TORA and so on...). And I don't think it's a good i=
dea
> >>to compare the performance only up to 100 nodes because of DSDV. (Oth=
er
> >>models seem to be OK... Why only DSDV?)
> >>
> >>I agree that DSDV is not scalable by its nature. But that's what we w=
ant
> >>to simulate. The restriction of 100 nodes is really painful. I mean i=
t
> >>can be difficult to tell the difference with only 100 nodes.
> >>
> >>Can anyone please let me know if there is *any* version of DSDV model
> >>written in ns-2 that overcame the 100-node limit?
> >>Or, has anyone tried to modify the ns-2's "dsdv.cc" code to enable
> >>multiple packets per update?
> >>
> >>Regards,
> >>
> >>-Jangeun Jun
> >>
> >>>Hi
> >>>I dont think that you can manage to run such scenario realistically.
> >>>If anyone did, I am really interested to know.
> >>>BTW, I heard someone has run a network of 10000 nodes using AODV...
> >>>
> >>>Cheers
> >>>Peter Pham
> >>
> >>On Thu, 30 Oct 2003 ma11@uow.edu.au wrote:
> >>
> >>>Hi Jangeun,
> >>>
> >>>I am not sure why you want run such a large number of nodes.
> >>>I dont think DSDV or any other proactive routing protocol
> >>>would scale to such a large number of nodes, as the number of
> >>>update packets would overwelm the network, not mension that
> >>>your simulator would crash or run for a very very long time
> >>>regardless of what simulation tool you use (NS, glomosim..etc).
> >>>
> >>>I dont know of any proposed MANET routing protocol
> >>>proven to run such a large network.
> >>>
> >>>Regards,
> >>>Mehran
> >>>--------------------------------
> >>>
> >>>Dear sir or madam,
> >>>
> >>>I am a Ph.D. student at NC State University.
> >>>As it's clearly shown in ns-2's DSDV source code (dsdv.cc),
> >>>the current
> >>>ns-2 DSDV protocol is not scalable. The maximum number of
> >>>entries in an
> >>>update packet is around 100 and nodes cannot generate multiple
> >>>packets for one update.
> >>>
> >>>Since I need to run very large DSDV scenario (100,000 nodes), I am
> >>>looking for a *scalable* DSDV model written in ns-2.
> >>>Your tip will be greatly appreciated.
> >>>
> >>>(I posted this question on ns-2 mailing list but no answer. I hope
> >>>that there is an improved DSDV model done by an expert in this
> >>>manet
> >>>circle.)
> >>>
> >>>Regards,
> >>>
> >>>-Jangeun Jun
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>=20

--=20
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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri Nov  7 17:04:08 2003
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From: "Faisal Md I" <mif7474@louisiana.edu>
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Date: Fri, 7 Nov 2003 16:13:36 -0500
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Subject: [manet] QualNet Help need
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Hi!

I would like to do some simulation using QualNet 3.5. In my simulation I 
would like to see what is the effect of selecting a route based on packet 
drop rate + bandwidth + delay. Usually, any link state protocol selects a 
route based on only hop count. If in a network there are multiple routes with 
same hop count available my simulation would select the one with best 
performance according to those three parameters. As I'm very new to QualNet, 
I'm kind of clueless one where to start. Can anyone please suggest me where 
to start. If you have appropriate code that would also be a great help.

Thanks a lot.

Ibrahim
mif7474@louisiana.edu

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Subject: [manet] Request for OFDM and Shadowing for ns2
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Hi there,
I am a new ns2 user, and at the moment i am using ns2 version 
6a.
I just wondering do anyone has OFDM modulation code for ns2, 
and shadowing code for IEEE 802.11a for ns2?

Many thanks for your assistance in advance,

Regards,
Irwan


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Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2003 10:43:34 +1030
From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
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Subject: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
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Hi all

I read the standard of 802.11 and it is confusing on how you interpret 
the standard.
If the channel is  already idle for a long-long time (low data rate), 
and the mobile node has a packet for transmission, will the mobile nodes 
send the packet after a DIFS  or DIFS + Deferal time ?
 From the standard it said that "if the medium is busy, it will sense 
the channel until  the channel is idle for a DIFS and it performs a 
additional deferal time". It does not state what to do when the medium 
is idle. Do the node need to do a deferal backoff in this case ? does 
the node alway have to to defer after a DIFS ?

Can you please provide some insight here.

Best regards
Peter Pham


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Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
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From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
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To: Joon Yoo <joon@popeye.snu.ac.kr>
CC: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
References: <3FAED82E.7020007@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au> <006f01c3a723$307df180$e4f02e93@oahu>
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Hi
There are two terms that must be distinguished here. Defer and Backoff.

Is it true that after every DIFS we perform a Defer ?
How Defer and Backoff interact  ?

Let discuss in this scenario. After a successful transmission, the 
sender receive and ACK. It will perform a backoff  (this one should be 
called backoff ? right)... After this backoff, there are two cases here
1) if there is no packet for transmission and the channel is idle. The 
node goes to idle right ?....Once the node in idle state and the channel 
is idle and there is a packet arrival ? the node performs a DIFS + defer 
or just DIFS  before sending the packet ???
2) if there is a packet for transmission and the channel is idle, it 
performs are DIFS + defer or just a DIFS ???

This is where I find the standard confused here ...

Cheers
Peter Pham

Joon Yoo wrote:

>----- Original Message ----- 
>From: "Peter Pham" <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
>To: "MANET" <manet@ietf.org>
>Sent: Monday, November 10, 2003 9:13 AM
>Subject: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
>
>
>  
>
>>Hi all
>>
>>I read the standard of 802.11 and it is confusing on how you interpret 
>>the standard.
>>If the channel is  already idle for a long-long time (low data rate), 
>>and the mobile node has a packet for transmission, will the mobile nodes 
>>send the packet after a DIFS  or DIFS + Deferal time ?
>> From the standard it said that "if the medium is busy, it will sense 
>>the channel until  the channel is idle for a DIFS and it performs a 
>>additional deferal time". It does not state what to do when the medium 
>>is idle. Do the node need to do a deferal backoff in this case ? does 
>>    
>>
>
>In this case, where the node has been sensing the channel as idle before the packet arrival, the node will wait for a DIFS period and transmit the packet without any backoff procedures (equivalent to backoff value=0). This is called "Immediate Access".  In other words, when no on-going backoff and over DIFS idle time, a frame can be transmitted immediatley.
>
>
>  
>
>>the node alway have to to defer after a DIFS ?
>>
>>    
>>
>
>In case of DCF, yes. 
>
>  
>
>>Can you please provide some insight here.
>>
>>Best regards
>>Peter Pham
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>manet mailing list
>>manet@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>
>>    
>>
>
>
>
>  
>




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Date: Sun, 09 Nov 2003 22:04:40 -0700
From: Dong Zheng <Dong.Zheng@asu.edu>
Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
In-reply-to: <3FAF16A8.50205@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
To: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
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On Sun, 2003-11-09 at 21:40, Peter Pham wrote:
> Hi
> There are two terms that must be distinguished here. Defer and Backoff.
> 
> Is it true that after every DIFS we perform a Defer ?
> How Defer and Backoff interact  ?
> 
> Let discuss in this scenario. After a successful transmission, the 
> sender receive and ACK. It will perform a backoff  (this one should be 
> called backoff ? right)... 
No need if there is no packet in the output queue and the BO (backoff)
is simply left as 0. However, if the queue is not empty, the BO will be
set and it will compete for the channel again.

If somehow later it has a packet to deliver, it will first check if the
channel is idle and NAV ?= 0. If not, it will wait for the channel to
become idle again, set the BO and compete for the channel after DIFS.
Otherwise, it will just wait for DIFS, and if no one else transmits
before the DIFS period expires, it will transmit the packet immediately
after the DIFS period.

Hope this can help you, correct me if I am wrong.

-Dong

After this backoff, there are two cases here
> 1) if there is no packet for transmission and the channel is idle. The 
> node goes to idle right ?.... Once the node in idle state and the channel 
> is idle and there is a packet arrival ? the node performs a DIFS + defer 
> or just DIFS  before sending the packet ???
> 2) if there is a packet for transmission and the channel is idle, it 
> performs are DIFS + defer or just a DIFS ???
> 
> This is where I find the standard confused here ...
> 
> Cheers
> Peter Pham
> 
> Joon Yoo wrote:
> 
> >----- Original Message ----- 
> >From: "Peter Pham" <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
> >To: "MANET" <manet@ietf.org>
> >Sent: Monday, November 10, 2003 9:13 AM
> >Subject: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
> >
> >
> >  
> >
> >>Hi all
> >>
> >>I read the standard of 802.11 and it is confusing on how you interpret 
> >>the standard.
> >>If the channel is  already idle for a long-long time (low data rate), 
> >>and the mobile node has a packet for transmission, will the mobile nodes 
> >>send the packet after a DIFS  or DIFS + Deferal time ?
> >> From the standard it said that "if the medium is busy, it will sense 
> >>the channel until  the channel is idle for a DIFS and it performs a 
> >>additional deferal time". It does not state what to do when the medium 
> >>is idle. Do the node need to do a deferal backoff in this case ? does 
> >>    
> >>
> >
> >In this case, where the node has been sensing the channel as idle before the packet arrival, the node will wait for a DIFS period and transmit the packet without any backoff procedures (equivalent to backoff value=0). This is called "Immediate Access".  In other words, when no on-going backoff and over DIFS idle time, a frame can be transmitted immediatley.
> >
> >
> >  
> >
> >>the node alway have to to defer after a DIFS ?
> >>
> >>    
> >>
> >
> >In case of DCF, yes. 
> >
> >  
> >
> >>Can you please provide some insight here.
> >>
> >>Best regards
> >>Peter Pham
> >>
> >>
> >>_______________________________________________
> >>manet mailing list
> >>manet@ietf.org
> >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >>
> >>    
> >>
> >
> >
> >
> >  
> >
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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Date: Sun, 09 Nov 2003 21:59:52 -0800
From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
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Subject: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
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I would like to offer some comments on:

draft-spagnolo-manet-ospf-wireless-interface-00.txt  

and to compare it with the solution in

http://www.erg.sri.com/projects/tbrpf/docs/draft-ogier-manet-ospf-extension-00.txt

I will refer to these documents as [Spagnolo03] and [Ogier03], respectively.
I am not saying that either of these solutions is better than the other,
and hopefully better solutions (or suggestions for improving these) will
be proposed after the problem statement is accepted.

The draft [Spagnolo03] extends OSPF to manet interfaces by using the MPR
flooding mechanism of OSPF to flood LSAs.  I.e., it proposes to list
MPRs in Hello messages, and to disseminate LSAs using unreliable,
periodic flooding via MPRs.

Most of my comments can be grouped into the following three questions:

1. Are MPRs the best choice for the relay nodes used for flooding LSAs?
2. Is it better to use reliable vs. unreliable flooding of LSAs?
3. Should we try to minimize the changes to OSPF?

I will discuss the third question first. It seems to me that minimizing
the changes to OSPF would make the extension more acceptable to the OSPF
working group.  For example, as discussed below and in [Ogier03], it is
possible to avoid introducing any new packet formats, e.g., to use the
existing format for OSPF Hello packets, and to avoid introducing a new
flooding mechanism that requires a new sequence number for suppressing
duplicates, etc.  OSPF already has a mechanism for suppressing
duplicates during flooding, and it is possible to use this mechanism.

Below I quote a set of bullets from [Spagnolo03] summarizing their
proposed OSPF extension, and for comparison, after each bullet I
summarize how the solution in [Ogier03] is different.  
(S indicates [Spagnolo03] and O indicates [Ogier03].)

  S    defines a new Wireless Hello message.  The new message adds
       an MPR list and eliminate backup and designated router fields;

  O    Does not require any change to the OSPF Hello packet format.
       The Designated Router field may indicate a CDS (connected
       dominating set) node instead of a DR.
       
  S    implements the MPR selection algorithm and rules for reflood-
       ing LSAs;

  O    Implements an algorithm by which nodes select themselves
       to be a CDS node or an MPR.

  S    efficiently floods LSAs periodically using a Link State Flood
       (LSF) message;

  O    Uses an efficient method for reliable flooding based on periodic
       Database Description packets, using existing OSPF message types.

  S    eliminates the formation of full adjacencies on wireless
       interfaces; all neighbor states beyond 2-Way are not reached,
       and no database synchronization is performed; and

  O    Same.

  S    includes a mechanism for suppressing the redundant flooding of
       "outside" LSAs (LSAs originated external to the wireless sub-
       net).

  O    A similar mechanism for suppressing "outside" LSAs can be employed.

MPRs seem to be a popular method for flooding in manets, but we need to
ask whether MPRs are really the best way to flood LSAs in an OSPF
extension.  Also, there are different ways to compute MPRs: in OLSR,
nodes select a subset of neighbors as MPRs, but it is also possible for
nodes to select themselves as MPRs.

If MPRs are used only to flood LSAs, then a CDS is sufficent for this
purpose and has the following advantages.  Most of these advantages
are also shared by self-selected MPRs (which do not require nodes to
advertise MPRs in Hellos).

1. OSPF Hello packets can be used without modification (the DR
   field would indicate a CDS node, which can be the sending node
   itself). Each node decides whether it is a CDS node (or an MPR)
   based on Hellos and LSAs originated by neighbors.

2. As shown in reference [Lin03] of [Ogier03], and also by my own
   simulations, using a CDS or self-selected MPR results in a relay
   node set (set of nodes that relay a given LSA) that is smaller than
   or about the same size as using MPRs (depending on the scenario).

3. Using a CDS is simpler, since the relay node set is independent
   of the LSA originator.  And the decision to forward a given LSA/LSU
   does not depend on which neighbor it was received from.
   
4. Using a CDS or self-selected MPRs can result in faster recovery
   from link failures, since a node does not have to wait for
   a neighbor to select it.  In fact, a CDS node or MPR is analogous
   to a Designated Router (DR), and DRs select themselves in OSPF.

The solution described in [Spagnolo03] uses unreliable, periodic
flooding, which is quite different from the OSPF flooding mechanism,
and requires a new packet type (LSF) that includes a new sequence
number used to detect duplicates.  

The solution described in [Ogier03] uses a reliable flooding mechanism
that does not require a new packet type, and uses the same mechanism as
OSPF to detect duplicates (based on the LSA sequence number in the
database). This flooding mechanism makes efficient use of the Database
Description (DD) and LS Request packets already defined in OSPF.  
Instead of each node exchanging DD packets separately with each new
neighbor, each relay node (e.g., CDS node) periodically broadcasts
to its neighbors (on each manet interface) a set of DD packets, which
describes the set of LSAs that it is currently responsible for
reporting (by including the LSA headers with sequence numbers).
This is similar to the periodic Complete Sequence Numbers (CSN) packets
of IS-IS. If a node i detects via a DD packet that a neighbor CDS node j
has a more recent instance of some LSA, then node i can request the LSA
by sending a LS Request packet to j.  More details can be found in
[Ogier03] (link given above), including an option for differential LSAs.

As I mentioned, I am not saying that this is the best solution.
It is only work in progress, and hopefully other solutions will
be proposed.  There are many choices to make, such as whether
to use a CDS, and if so, what algorithm to use.  
Comments and suggestions are welcome.

Regards,
Richard


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Subject: Re: [manet] Extension to 802.11 needed for MANET?
From: Rex Buddenberg <budden@nps.navy.mil>
To: Chi-Hsiang Yeh <chi-hsiang.yeh@ece.queensu.ca>
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Chi-Hsiang,

You should read up on the IEEE 802.16 and 802.20 committee works.

Contacts in the WiMax group (industry association for .16) are telling
me to look for products in the coming year.  

On Tue, 2003-11-04 at 04:57, Chi-Hsiang Yeh wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I'll appreciate your opinions toward the following issue.
> 
> In the literature, IEEE 802.11 is the most commonly assumed MAC protocol
> for ad hoc networks. Most ad hoc network testbeds are also built based
> on IEEE 802.11. However, some problems (e.g., concerning power control,
> interference, QoS, directional antennas, security, or radio efficiency)
> will be introduced when the MAC protocol of IEEE 802.11/11e is applied
> to multihop networking environments, leading to inefficiency and
> difficulties in QoS provisioning.
> 
> Do you think we need an extension to the MAC protocols of IEEE 802.11
> and 802.11e for ad hoc networks and multihop WLANs?
>  
> Chi-Hsiang Yeh
> ___________________________________________________________
> Chi-Hsiang Yeh (Mr./Dr./Prof.)
> Dept. of Electrical & Computer Eng.
> Queen's University
> Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6
> Canada
>  
> phone:  +1 613-533-6368
> fax:     +1 613-533-6615
> e-mail:  chi-hsiang.yeh@ece.queensu.ca , yeh@ee.queensu.ca
> URL:    http://www.ece.queensu.ca/hpages/faculty/yeh/
> ___________________________________________________________
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
-- 
b


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From: Jaehoon Jeong <jaehoon_paul@yahoo.com>
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Dear Chairs,

I will be glad to hear the new agenda of this meeting.
In addition, I am wondering whether the requirements
for MANET address autoconf will be discussed.
Thanks.

Regards,
Jaehoon Paul Jeong

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[My apologies, if you have received multiple copies of this e-mail!]

Hi Dong,

Dong Zheng wrote:
> 
> On Sun, 2003-11-09 at 21:40, Peter Pham wrote:
> > Hi
> > There are two terms that must be distinguished here. Defer and Backoff.
> >
> > Is it true that after every DIFS we perform a Defer ?
> > How Defer and Backoff interact  ?
> >
> > Let discuss in this scenario. After a successful transmission, the
> > sender receive and ACK. It will perform a backoff  (this one should be
> > called backoff ? right)...
> No need if there is no packet in the output queue and the BO (backoff)
> is simply left as 0. However, if the queue is not empty, the BO will be
> set and it will compete for the channel again.

In 5th paragraph, Section 9.2.5.2, IEEE 802.11 specification, it says

"A backoff procedure shall be performed immediately after the end of 
every transmission [ ... ] even if no additional transmissions are 
currently queued."

> If somehow later it has a packet to deliver, it will first check if the
> channel is idle and NAV ?= 0. If not, it will wait for the channel to
> become idle again, set the BO and compete for the channel after DIFS.
> Otherwise, it will just wait for DIFS, and if no one else transmits
> before the DIFS period expires, it will transmit the packet immediately
> after the DIFS period.

My understanding is, if a packet arrives, a node checks if the channel 
has been idle for DIFS, instead of checking if the channel is idle for
DIFS after the arrival of the packet.

Thanks!

Byung-Jae Kwak

> Hope this can help you, correct me if I am wrong.
> 
> -Dong
> 
> After this backoff, there are two cases here
> > 1) if there is no packet for transmission and the channel is idle. The
> > node goes to idle right ?.... Once the node in idle state and the channel
> > is idle and there is a packet arrival ? the node performs a DIFS + defer
> > or just DIFS  before sending the packet ???
> > 2) if there is a packet for transmission and the channel is idle, it
> > performs are DIFS + defer or just a DIFS ???
> >
> > This is where I find the standard confused here ...
> >
> > Cheers
> > Peter Pham
> >
> > Joon Yoo wrote:
> >
> > >----- Original Message -----
> > >From: "Peter Pham" <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
> > >To: "MANET" <manet@ietf.org>
> > >Sent: Monday, November 10, 2003 9:13 AM
> > >Subject: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >>Hi all
> > >>
> > >>I read the standard of 802.11 and it is confusing on how you interpret
> > >>the standard.
> > >>If the channel is  already idle for a long-long time (low data rate),
> > >>and the mobile node has a packet for transmission, will the mobile nodes
> > >>send the packet after a DIFS  or DIFS + Deferal time ?
> > >> From the standard it said that "if the medium is busy, it will sense
> > >>the channel until  the channel is idle for a DIFS and it performs a
> > >>additional deferal time". It does not state what to do when the medium
> > >>is idle. Do the node need to do a deferal backoff in this case ? does
> > >>
> > >>
> > >
> > >In this case, where the node has been sensing the channel as idle before the packet arrival, the node will wait for a DIFS period and transmit the packet without any backoff procedures (equivalent to backoff value=0). This is called "Immediate Access".  In other words, when no on-going backoff and over DIFS idle time, a frame can be transmitted immediatley.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >>the node alway have to to defer after a DIFS ?
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>
> > >
> > >In case of DCF, yes.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >>Can you please provide some insight here.
> > >>
> > >>Best regards
> > >>Peter Pham
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>_______________________________________________
> > >>manet mailing list
> > >>manet@ietf.org
> > >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet

-- 
 Anyone can be passionate,
 but it takes real lovers to be silly.  - Rose Franklin

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Subject: RE: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2003 10:16:37 -0800
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From: "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
To: "Richard Ogier" <ogier@erg.sri.com>
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Richard,
Thanks for your comments and list of issues.  As I mentioned to
you previously, I agree that some of these technical choices
need to be discussed further, once the IETF decides whether
or not this becomes a work effort.  Hopefully there will be
strong support for the problem statement that will be presented=20
at the OSPF and MANET WGs this week, and we can then focus on
the particulars of the solution via a design team.

Tom

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Richard Ogier [mailto:ogier@erg.sri.com]
> Sent: Sunday, November 09, 2003 10:00 PM
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Cc: ogier@erg.sri.com
> Subject: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
>=20
>=20
> I would like to offer some comments on:
>=20
> draft-spagnolo-manet-ospf-wireless-interface-00.txt =20
>=20
> and to compare it with the solution in
>=20
> http://www.erg.sri.com/projects/tbrpf/docs/draft-ogier-manet-o
> spf-extension-00.txt
>=20
...

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From: "Tao Lin" <taolin@vt.edu>
To: "Richard Ogier" <ogier@erg.sri.com>, <manet@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
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Hi Richard,

I went over your OSPF extension draft carefully and have following comments.

First of all, thanks for incorporating our idea of relay node set (RNS)
framework into your draft.  There is a mistake in the citation.  The correct
reference information for our RNS framework is

T. Lin, S. F. Midkiff, and J. S. Park, "A Framework For Wireless Ad Hoc
Network," IEEE WCNC 2003.

Moreover, there are some other papers published that discuss the use of CDS
algorithm to reduce broadcast overhead and
support link state protocols such as OSPF in MANET (See below).  I would
suggest that these papers should also be read and/or cited as well.  At
least our IPCCC paper shows that the broadcast scheme using a CDS is a
promising approach to reduce the control overhead dramatically compared to
the blind broadcast scheme, which is used by the designated routers in OSPF.

1. B. Das and V. Bhargavan, "Routing in ad-hoc networks using minimum
connected dominating sets," in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on
Communications, vol. 1, pp. 376-380, 1997.

2. U.C. Kozat, G. Kondylis,  B. Ryu, M.K. Marina, "Virtual dynamic backbone
for mobile ad hoc networks," in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on
Communications (ICC), vol. 1, pp. 250-255, 2001.

3. T. Lin, S. F. Midkiff, and J. S. Park, "Approximation Algorithms for
Minimal Connected Dominating Sets and Application with Routing protocol in
Wireless Ad Hoc Network," in Proc. of IEEE International Performance
Computing and Communications Conference (IPCCC), pp. 157-164, April, 2003.

Actually, we have implemented (in Linux) an OSPF extension protocol for
MANET using the similar idea.  We have also created an ns2 simulation model
and are currently using that model to develop complete performance results.
A paper summarizing the work and simulation results is in progress.  The
paper can be distributed when it is allowed.

  Thank you!

  Tao Lin
  Ph.D. Candidate
  Laboratory for Advanced Networking (VT-LAN)
  ECE Dept.
  Virginia Tech


----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Richard Ogier" <ogier@erg.sri.com>
To: <manet@ietf.org>
Cc: <ogier@erg.sri.com>
Sent: Monday, November 10, 2003 12:59 AM
Subject: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets


> I would like to offer some comments on:
>
> draft-spagnolo-manet-ospf-wireless-interface-00.txt
>
> and to compare it with the solution in
>
>
http://www.erg.sri.com/projects/tbrpf/docs/draft-ogier-manet-ospf-extension-00.txt
>
> I will refer to these documents as [Spagnolo03] and [Ogier03],
respectively.
> I am not saying that either of these solutions is better than the other,
> and hopefully better solutions (or suggestions for improving these) will
> be proposed after the problem statement is accepted.
>
> The draft [Spagnolo03] extends OSPF to manet interfaces by using the MPR
> flooding mechanism of OSPF to flood LSAs.  I.e., it proposes to list
> MPRs in Hello messages, and to disseminate LSAs using unreliable,
> periodic flooding via MPRs.
>
> Most of my comments can be grouped into the following three questions:
>
> 1. Are MPRs the best choice for the relay nodes used for flooding LSAs?
> 2. Is it better to use reliable vs. unreliable flooding of LSAs?
> 3. Should we try to minimize the changes to OSPF?
>
> I will discuss the third question first. It seems to me that minimizing
> the changes to OSPF would make the extension more acceptable to the OSPF
> working group.  For example, as discussed below and in [Ogier03], it is
> possible to avoid introducing any new packet formats, e.g., to use the
> existing format for OSPF Hello packets, and to avoid introducing a new
> flooding mechanism that requires a new sequence number for suppressing
> duplicates, etc.  OSPF already has a mechanism for suppressing
> duplicates during flooding, and it is possible to use this mechanism.
>
> Below I quote a set of bullets from [Spagnolo03] summarizing their
> proposed OSPF extension, and for comparison, after each bullet I
> summarize how the solution in [Ogier03] is different.
> (S indicates [Spagnolo03] and O indicates [Ogier03].)
>
>   S    defines a new Wireless Hello message.  The new message adds
>        an MPR list and eliminate backup and designated router fields;
>
>   O    Does not require any change to the OSPF Hello packet format.
>        The Designated Router field may indicate a CDS (connected
>        dominating set) node instead of a DR.
>
>   S    implements the MPR selection algorithm and rules for reflood-
>        ing LSAs;
>
>   O    Implements an algorithm by which nodes select themselves
>        to be a CDS node or an MPR.
>
>   S    efficiently floods LSAs periodically using a Link State Flood
>        (LSF) message;
>
>   O    Uses an efficient method for reliable flooding based on periodic
>        Database Description packets, using existing OSPF message types.
>
>   S    eliminates the formation of full adjacencies on wireless
>        interfaces; all neighbor states beyond 2-Way are not reached,
>        and no database synchronization is performed; and
>
>   O    Same.
>
>   S    includes a mechanism for suppressing the redundant flooding of
>        "outside" LSAs (LSAs originated external to the wireless sub-
>        net).
>
>   O    A similar mechanism for suppressing "outside" LSAs can be employed.
>
> MPRs seem to be a popular method for flooding in manets, but we need to
> ask whether MPRs are really the best way to flood LSAs in an OSPF
> extension.  Also, there are different ways to compute MPRs: in OLSR,
> nodes select a subset of neighbors as MPRs, but it is also possible for
> nodes to select themselves as MPRs.
>
> If MPRs are used only to flood LSAs, then a CDS is sufficent for this
> purpose and has the following advantages.  Most of these advantages
> are also shared by self-selected MPRs (which do not require nodes to
> advertise MPRs in Hellos).
>
> 1. OSPF Hello packets can be used without modification (the DR
>    field would indicate a CDS node, which can be the sending node
>    itself). Each node decides whether it is a CDS node (or an MPR)
>    based on Hellos and LSAs originated by neighbors.
>
> 2. As shown in reference [Lin03] of [Ogier03], and also by my own
>    simulations, using a CDS or self-selected MPR results in a relay
>    node set (set of nodes that relay a given LSA) that is smaller than
>    or about the same size as using MPRs (depending on the scenario).
>
> 3. Using a CDS is simpler, since the relay node set is independent
>    of the LSA originator.  And the decision to forward a given LSA/LSU
>    does not depend on which neighbor it was received from.
>
> 4. Using a CDS or self-selected MPRs can result in faster recovery
>    from link failures, since a node does not have to wait for
>    a neighbor to select it.  In fact, a CDS node or MPR is analogous
>    to a Designated Router (DR), and DRs select themselves in OSPF.
>
> The solution described in [Spagnolo03] uses unreliable, periodic
> flooding, which is quite different from the OSPF flooding mechanism,
> and requires a new packet type (LSF) that includes a new sequence
> number used to detect duplicates.
>
> The solution described in [Ogier03] uses a reliable flooding mechanism
> that does not require a new packet type, and uses the same mechanism as
> OSPF to detect duplicates (based on the LSA sequence number in the
> database). This flooding mechanism makes efficient use of the Database
> Description (DD) and LS Request packets already defined in OSPF.
> Instead of each node exchanging DD packets separately with each new
> neighbor, each relay node (e.g., CDS node) periodically broadcasts
> to its neighbors (on each manet interface) a set of DD packets, which
> describes the set of LSAs that it is currently responsible for
> reporting (by including the LSA headers with sequence numbers).
> This is similar to the periodic Complete Sequence Numbers (CSN) packets
> of IS-IS. If a node i detects via a DD packet that a neighbor CDS node j
> has a more recent instance of some LSA, then node i can request the LSA
> by sending a LS Request packet to j.  More details can be found in
> [Ogier03] (link given above), including an option for differential LSAs.
>
> As I mentioned, I am not saying that this is the best solution.
> It is only work in progress, and hopefully other solutions will
> be proposed.  There are many choices to make, such as whether
> to use a CDS, and if so, what algorithm to use.
> Comments and suggestions are welcome.
>
> Regards,
> Richard
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet


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Subject: [manet] CfP: 1st European Workshop on Security in Ad-Hoc and Sensor
 Networks (ESAS 2004)
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CALL FOR PAPERS

1st European Workshop on Security in Ad-Hoc and
Sensor Networks (ESAS 2004)

http://www.netlab.nec.de/esas/esas2004.html

EURESCOM, Heidelberg, Germany
5.-6. August, 2004


GENERAL INFORMATION

With more and more devices getting smart and interconnected, ad hoc and
sensor networks will open up a realm of new communication and data exchange
opportunities. These upcoming networks are characterized by their dynamic
structure, lack of a pre-established fixed infrastructure, and constrained
resources. In order to allow their successful deployment, various security
challenges must be met. Examples include missing `a priori' security 
associations,
no clear line of defense, the lack of a trusted infrastructure, complex 
multiple
domain relationships, as well as bandwidth, computing, memory, and energy 
constraints.
Due to the pervasive nature of applications relying on ad-hoc and sensor 
networks
effective provisions for robust security solutions in a reliable and power 
efficient
way must be taken. This workshop seeks submissions presenting novel 
research on all
aspects of security and cryptography for ad-hoc and sensor networks. ESAS 
2004 will
be a workshop where the cryptography, security and wireless networking 
communities
meet. Submission of papers based on work-in-progress is encouraged.

The topics include but are not limited to:

* Cryptographic protocols
* Trust establishment, negotiation, and management
* Security in constrained environments
* Cooperation and fairness based protocols
* Key management
* Scalability evaluation of secure and reliable protocols
* Secure routing
* Secure hardware modules
* Implementations of secure protocols
* Deployment of secure protocols
* Privacy and anonymity
* Secure MAC protocols


INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS

Authors are invited to submit original papers. The preferred submission form is
by electronic mail to Claude.Castelluccia@inrialpes.fr. The submissions 
must not
exceed 10 pages (excluding the title page, bibliography and appendices), 
nor 12 pages
overall. The final version should not exceed 15 pages. Please submit the 
paper in
Postscript or PDF, together with an extra file containing the email and 
physical
address of the authors, an indication of the corresponding author, and a 
copy of
the title, key words and abstract. We recommend that you generate the PS or PDF
file using LaTeX and the LNCS style available at www.springer.de/comp/lncs. 
All
submissions will be refereed. Submissions must not substantially duplicate work
that any of the authors have published elsewhere or have submitted in parallel.


IMPORTANT DATES

Submission Deadline:                         15th March, 2004.
Acceptance Notification:                     30th April, 2004.
Workshop Version due:                      1st June, 2004.
Workshop:                                          5th-6th August, 2004.
Proceedings Version Deadline:           6th September, 2004.


WORKSHOP ORGANIZERS

Claude Castelluccia, INRIA, France
Hannes Hartenstein, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
Christof Paar, University of Bochum, Germany
Dirk Westhoff, NEC Europe Network Lab., Heidelberg, Germany


PROGRAM COMMITTEE

N. Asokan, Nokia, Finland
Levente Buttyan, BME-HIT, Hungary
Claude Castelluccia, INRIA, France
Hannes Hartenstein, University of Karlsruhe, Germany
Refik Molva, Eurecom, France
Gabriel Montenegro, SunLabs, France
Pekka Nikander, Ericsson, Finland
Christof Paar, University of Bochum, Germany
Panagiotis Papadimitratos, Cornell University, USA
Frank Stajano, University of Cambridge, UK
Gene Tsudik, UC Irvine, USA
Andre Weimerskirch, University of Bochum, Germany
Dirk Westhoff, NEC Europe Ltd., Germany
Susanne Wetzel, Stevens Institute of Technology, USA


WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS

The Proceedings will be published by Springer after the Workshop in the 
Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) Series 
(www.springer.de/comp/lncs). Notice that in order to be included in the 
proceedings, the authors of an accepted paper must guarantee to present 
their contribution at the workshop.


FURTHER WORKSHOP INFORMATION

Web Page: http://www.netlab.nec.de/esas/esas2004.html
E-mail: dirk.westhoff@netlab.nec.de



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon Nov 10 13:51:39 2003
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Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2003 13:51:38 -0500
To: "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>,
        "Richard Ogier" <ogier@erg.sri.com>
From: Joe Macker <macker@itd.nrl.navy.mil>
Subject: RE: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
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At 01:16 PM 11/10/2003, Henderson, Thomas R wrote:
>Richard,
>Thanks for your comments and list of issues.  As I mentioned to
>you previously, I agree that some of these technical choices
>need to be discussed further, once the IETF decides whether
>or not this becomes a work effort.  Hopefully there will be
>strong support for the problem statement that will be presented 
>at the OSPF and MANET WGs this week, and we can then focus on
>the particulars of the solution via a design team.

We will have time for presentations and issues at the meeting.
The main goal, however, is to determine if the problem statement can be used
to move forward with a design team approach.  This is one possible way
forward for some of the proactive "lessons learned" to transition.

Of course, there are new issues too.

-Joe

>Tom
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Richard Ogier [mailto:ogier@erg.sri.com]
>> Sent: Sunday, November 09, 2003 10:00 PM
>> To: manet@ietf.org
>> Cc: ogier@erg.sri.com
>> Subject: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
>> 
>> 
>> I would like to offer some comments on:
>> 
>> draft-spagnolo-manet-ospf-wireless-interface-00.txt  
>> 
>> and to compare it with the solution in
>> 
>> http://www.erg.sri.com/projects/tbrpf/docs/draft-ogier-manet-o
>> spf-extension-00.txt
>> 
>...
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
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You may find the slides I'm using in OSPF and in Manet at:

    ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/fred/manet/Problem_Statement_for_OSPF_Extensions_for_Mobile_Ad.pdf
    ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/fred/manet/Problem_Statement_for_OSPF_Extensions_for_Mobile_Ad.ppt

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> > > Let discuss in this scenario. After a successful transmission, the
> > > sender receive and ACK. It will perform a backoff  (this one should be
> > > called backoff ? right)...
> > No need if there is no packet in the output queue and the BO (backoff)
> > is simply left as 0. However, if the queue is not empty, the BO will be
> > set and it will compete for the channel again.
> 
> In 5th paragraph, Section 9.2.5.2, IEEE 802.11 specification, it says
> 
> "A backoff procedure shall be performed immediately after the end of 
> every transmission [ ... ] even if no additional transmissions are 
> currently queued."
Yes, you are right. But does this backoff mean that you have to set up
the Backoff Timer? My understanding is since you don't have any packets
in the queue, then definitely you have to be silent (backoff) for a
while. ;-)

BTW, I also read the code from GlomoSim, here is the code:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
void Mac802_11CheckForOutgoingPacket(GlomoNode *node, GlomoMac802_11
*M802)
{
   if
(!NetworkIpOutputQueueIsEmpty(node,M802->myGlomoMac->interfaceIndex))
   {
      Mac802_11SetBackoffIfZero(node, M802);
      AttemptToGoIntoWaitForDifsOrEifsState(node, M802);
   }
   else
   {
      assert(M802->BO == 0);
      Mac802_11SetState(node, M802, M802_11_S_IDLE);
      Mac802_11CancelTimer(node, M802);
   }
}
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This function is called after a successful ACK has been received. As you
can see, if there is no packet in the queue, it will simply leave BO
(the Backoff Timer) as zero.


> 
> > If somehow later it has a packet to deliver, it will first check if the
> > channel is idle and NAV ?= 0. If not, it will wait for the channel to
> > become idle again, set the BO and compete for the channel after DIFS.
> > Otherwise, it will just wait for DIFS, and if no one else transmits
> > before the DIFS period expires, it will transmit the packet immediately
> > after the DIFS period.
> 
> My understanding is, if a packet arrives, a node checks if the channel 
> has been idle for DIFS, instead of checking if the channel is idle for
> DIFS after the arrival of the packet.
> 
But does that mean if the channel has been idle for DIFS, it will
transmit the packet immediately?

Thanks!

-Dong




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CC: Dong Zheng <Dong.Zheng@asu.edu>
Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
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Hi Dong,

Dong Zheng wrote:
> 
> > > > Let discuss in this scenario. After a successful transmission, the
> > > > sender receive and ACK. It will perform a backoff  (this one should be
> > > > called backoff ? right)...
> > > No need if there is no packet in the output queue and the BO (backoff)
> > > is simply left as 0. However, if the queue is not empty, the BO will be
> > > set and it will compete for the channel again.
> >
> > In 5th paragraph, Section 9.2.5.2, IEEE 802.11 specification, it says
> >
> > "A backoff procedure shall be performed immediately after the end of
> > every transmission [ ... ] even if no additional transmissions are
> > currently queued."
>
> Yes, you are right. But does this backoff mean that you have to set up
> the Backoff Timer? My understanding is since you don't have any packets
> in the queue, then definitely you have to be silent (backoff) for a
> while. ;-)
> 
> BTW, I also read the code from GlomoSim, here is the code:
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> void Mac802_11CheckForOutgoingPacket(GlomoNode *node, GlomoMac802_11
> *M802)
> {
>    if
> (!NetworkIpOutputQueueIsEmpty(node,M802->myGlomoMac->interfaceIndex))
>    {
>       Mac802_11SetBackoffIfZero(node, M802);
>       AttemptToGoIntoWaitForDifsOrEifsState(node, M802);
>    }
>    else
>    {
>       assert(M802->BO == 0);
>       Mac802_11SetState(node, M802, M802_11_S_IDLE);
>       Mac802_11CancelTimer(node, M802);
>    }
> }
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> 
> This function is called after a successful ACK has been received. As you
> can see, if there is no packet in the queue, it will simply leave BO
> (the Backoff Timer) as zero.

I see!  But, I believe we have to follow the published STANDARD 
if there is a disagreement between the standard and an 
implementation.

A while ago, our group was working on performance analysis of
the IEEE 802.11 DCF and we used OPNET for the simulation.
At first the simulation result (OPNET 7) was quite different
from our analysis result.  We decided to investigate the OPNET 
WLAN model and later found out there were some bugs in the OPNET
model.  We reported the bugs to OPNET company and they fixed
the bugs in a very timely manner.  OPNET 9 has all the bugs
we reported fixed and it implements the 802.11 standards quite
accurately.  (There were still some areas that needed some
work when OPNET 9 was released though.)
I am sure GlomoSim has a lot of bugs, too.

> > > If somehow later it has a packet to deliver, it will first check if the
> > > channel is idle and NAV ?= 0. If not, it will wait for the channel to
> > > become idle again, set the BO and compete for the channel after DIFS.
> > > Otherwise, it will just wait for DIFS, and if no one else transmits
> > > before the DIFS period expires, it will transmit the packet immediately
> > > after the DIFS period.
> >
> > My understanding is, if a packet arrives, a node checks if the channel
> > has been idle for DIFS, instead of checking if the channel is idle for
> > DIFS after the arrival of the packet.
> >
> But does that mean if the channel has been idle for DIFS, it will
> transmit the packet immediately?
> 
> Thanks!
> 
> -Dong

Actually, that is where the standard is very confusing.
What I understand is as follows:

Node A Tx a packet;
Node A receives an ACK;
Node A starts a backoff procedure:
  choose random backoff and count down;
If the queue was not empty at the time of reception of ACK
  then
    Enter normal backoff procedure;
  else // Queue was empty
    If a packet arrives before the backoff counter expires
      Then
        Wait until the timer expire;
        Tx the packet after DIFS idle time;
      else // A packet arrives after the timer expires
        If channel has been idle for more than DIFS
          then
            Tx the packet right away;
          else
            Enter normal backoff procedure;
        endif
    endif
endif

Thanks!

Byung-Jae Kwak
------------------------------------------
Wireless Communication Technologies Group
Advanced Network Technologies Division
NIST, MD

-- 
 Anyone can be passionate,
 but it takes real lovers to be silly.  - Rose Franklin

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Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2003 16:24:51 -0700
From: Dong Zheng <Dong.Zheng@asu.edu>
Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
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Hi, Byung,

It seems that our understanding bifurcates from the clause "In general,
a STA may transmit ..., when the STA determines that the  medium is idle
for greater than or equal to a DIFS period ..." In my understanding, the
STA determines that the medium will be idle for DIFS, however, your
understanding is that the STA determines that the medium has been idle
for more than DIFS. But a closer look at Fig. 51 tells that the STA will
wait for DIFS instead of checking the channel has been idle for DIFS.

Can sb. else help us clarify this confusion? ;-)

> What I understand is as follows:
> 
> Node A Tx a packet;
> Node A receives an ACK;
> Node A starts a backoff procedure:
>   choose random backoff and count down;
If the average of this backoff time is less than DIFS ...

> If the queue was not empty at the time of reception of ACK
>   then
>     Enter normal backoff procedure;
then it will give priority to this node cause other nodes will wait for
DIFS before they can enter the backoff procedure.

>   else // Queue was empty
>     If a packet arrives before the backoff counter expires
>       Then
>         Wait until the timer expire;
>         Tx the packet after DIFS idle time;
>       else // A packet arrives after the timer expires
>         If channel has been idle for more than DIFS
>           then
>             Tx the packet right away;
>           else
>             Enter normal backoff procedure;
>         endif
>     endif
> endif
> 
> Thanks!
> 
> Byung-Jae Kwak
> ------------------------------------------
> Wireless Communication Technologies Group
> Advanced Network Technologies Division
> NIST, MD
> 
> -- 
>  Anyone can be passionate,
>  but it takes real lovers to be silly.  - Rose Franklin



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon Nov 10 23:02:29 2003
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Hi,
  We are using qualnet for the simulations and testing
scenarios involving directional antennas. The type of
RTS/CTS/DATA and ACK transmissions is not documented
in any place. Does it ALWAYS send in directional mode?
Does it receive in directional mode? Or does it send
an omni-RTS and omni-CTS and then send the data in the
directional mode? It is hard to analyse the results
without above understanding!
Any answers/references to these questions is highly
appreciated.....
 Some papers which have used Qualnet for simulations
do talk about "directional send with
omni-RTS/omni-CTS" but I do not know if that is
specific to their study or a general implementation in
Qualnet.

Thanks,
Vinay Kolar

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue Nov 11 01:05:35 2003
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Here is a draft agenda for Thursday.
There have been alot of requests with limited space so
we have sidetracked some peripheral discussions.

We want to concentrate on core routing design team
work  in our discussion and possible next steps.

Bashing can begin now.
-------------------------------

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (manet)
Thursday, November 13 at 1530-1730
==================================

CHAIRS: Joe Macker <jmacker@acm.org>
         Scott Corson <corson@flarion.com>

AGENDA:

Agenda Bashing                             5 Mins

WG Documents and General Status            10 Mins Chairs
Update of Peripheral ID Submissions
(e.g., manet autoconf)

TBRPF: (IESG Approval to EXP)              10 Mins Richard Ogier
Discussion                                 5 Mins

OLSR: RFC 3626 (EXP)                       10 Mins Thomas Clausen
Discussion                                 5 Mins

draft-perkins-manet-aodvbis-00             10 Mins Charlie Perkins
Discussion                                 10 Mins

Report on AODV-IETF Experiment             10 Mins Elizabeth Royer

OSPF-MANET Integration Consideration       5 Mins  Chairs

Draft OSPF-MANET Problem Statement         10 Mins Fred Baker
draft-baker-manet-ospf-problem-statement-00
Discussion                                 5 Mins

OSPFv2 + MANET ID                          10 Mins Tom Henderson
draft-spagnolo-manet-ospf-wireless-interface-00
Discussion                                 5 Mins

Next Steps Discussion 10 Mins Chairs/All

------------------------------------------------------


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Subject: [manet] IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA or RTS/CTS?
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To Whom It May Concern,
 
Hi. It is documented that the DCF mode of IEEE 802.11 can use both CSMA/CA and/?or MACA (RTS/CTS).  However, I was wondering which one does 802.11 use?  Does it use a combination of both?  Does it make a selection as to which one to use?
 
I would really appreciate your help in this regard.
 
Thanks a lot,
Mark
manet80211@yahoo.com



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<DIV>
<DIV>To Whom It May Concern,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Hi. It is&nbsp;documented that the DCF mode of IEEE 802.11 can use both CSMA/CA and/?or MACA (RTS/CTS).&nbsp; However, I was wondering which one does 802.11 use?&nbsp; Does it use a combination of both?&nbsp; Does it make a selection as to which one to use?</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I would really appreciate your help in this regard.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Thanks a lot,</DIV>
<DIV>Mark</DIV>
<DIV>manet80211@yahoo.com</DIV></DIV><p><hr SIZE=1>
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Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
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Hi Dong,

Dong Zheng wrote:
> 
> Hi, Byung,

It is Byung-Jae :)

> It seems that our understanding bifurcates from the clause "In general,
> a STA may transmit ..., when the STA determines that the  medium is idle
> for greater than or equal to a DIFS period ..." In my understanding, the
> STA determines that the medium will be idle for DIFS, however, your
> understanding is that the STA determines that the medium has been idle
> for more than DIFS. But a closer look at Fig. 51 tells that the STA will
> wait for DIFS instead of checking the channel has been idle for DIFS.
> 
> Can sb. else help us clarify this confusion? ;-)
> 
> > What I understand is as follows:
> >
> > Node A Tx a packet;
> > Node A receives an ACK;
> > Node A starts a backoff procedure:
> >   choose random backoff and count down;
> If the average of this backoff time is less than DIFS ...
> 
> > If the queue was not empty at the time of reception of ACK
> >   then
> >     Enter normal backoff procedure;
> then it will give priority to this node cause other nodes will wait for
> DIFS before they can enter the backoff procedure.
> 
> >   else // Queue was empty
> >     If a packet arrives before the backoff counter expires
> >       Then
> >         Wait until the timer expire;
> >         Tx the packet after DIFS idle time;
> >       else // A packet arrives after the timer expires
> >         If channel has been idle for more than DIFS
> >           then
> >             Tx the packet right away;
> >           else
> >             Enter normal backoff procedure;
> >         endif
> >     endif
> > endif

I guess I was not clear enough in my description.
Below is an improved version.  

Note: In my original description, the "normal backoff
procedure" was meant to be:

 waiting DIFS + choosing random number + counting down.

In the new description below, it does not include the
DIFS to be clearer.

STA A Tx a packet;
STA A receives an ACK;
STA A waits for DIFS;
STA A choose a random number for backoff and counts down to zero;
If (STA A has a packet in the queue)
  then
    STA A Tx the packet;
  else
    STA A waits until a packet arrives;
    switch (channel idle time)
        case (the channel has been idle for more than DIFS):
          STA A Tx the packet right away;
        case (the channel has been idle for T_idle < DIFS):
          STA A waits for DIFS - T_idle;
          STA A enters a normal backoff procedure;
        case (the channel is busy)
          STA A waits until the channel becomes idle;
          STA A waits DIFS;
          STA A enters a normal backoff procedure;
    endswitch
endif 

I hope that it makes sense now!

Thanks!

Byung-Jae Kwak
------------------------------------------
Wireless Communication Technologies Group
Advanced Network Technologies Division
NIST, MD

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From: "dholmer" <dholmer@cs.jhu.edu>
To: <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [manet] Re: Power Saving in 802.11
Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2003 11:39:42 -0500
Organization: Johns Hopkins University
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A number of people have asked for the application note I mentioned in my
previous post. I've placed a copy of the pdf on a publicly accessible
location so anyone can download it.

http://www.cnds.jhu.edu/research/networks/archipelago/prism_power_manage
ment_modes.pdf

- David Holmer

PS. Sorry for the delay, the original version of this post got flagged
for moderation because it was too long (due to me not stripping out the
reply text).


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From: Luigi Iannone <Luigi.Iannone@lip6.fr>
To: manet@ietf.org
cc: bjkwak <bjkwak@nist.gov>
Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
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> Message: 4
> Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2003 12:35:54 -0500
> From: bjkwak <bjkwak@nist.gov>
> Organization: NIST, MD
> To: manet@ietf.org
> CC: Dong Zheng <Dong.Zheng@asu.edu>
> Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
>


I think you  did a nice job in your description, though I have a remaining
doubt:
In the first case of the switch I'm not sure the packet is
transmitted right away. I think a backoff is done.
Ciao
                    Luigi

> STA A Tx a packet;
> STA A receives an ACK;
> STA A waits for DIFS;
> STA A choose a random number for backoff and counts down to zero;
> If (STA A has a packet in the queue)
>   then
>     STA A Tx the packet;
>   else
>     STA A waits until a packet arrives;
>     switch (channel idle time)
>         case (the channel has been idle for more than DIFS):
>           STA A Tx the packet right away;
>         case (the channel has been idle for T_idle < DIFS):
>           STA A waits for DIFS - T_idle;
>           STA A enters a normal backoff procedure;
>         case (the channel is busy)
>           STA A waits until the channel becomes idle;
>           STA A waits DIFS;
>           STA A enters a normal backoff procedure;
>     endswitch
> endif
>
------------------------>>>>>>>>
Luigi Iannone -  Laboratoire D'Informatique Paris 6
   e.mail:       luigi.iannone@lip6.fr
   Tel:          +33 (0)1 44 27 71 28

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Luigi Iannone wrote:
> 
> > Message: 4
> > Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2003 12:35:54 -0500
> > From: bjkwak <bjkwak@nist.gov>
> > Organization: NIST, MD
> > To: manet@ietf.org
> > CC: Dong Zheng <Dong.Zheng@asu.edu>
> > Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
> >
> 
> I think you  did a nice job in your description, though I have a remaining
> doubt:

Thanks :)

> In the first case of the switch I'm not sure the packet is
> transmitted right away. I think a backoff is done.
> Ciao
>                     Luigi

Please read Section 9.2.5.1 Basic access of the standard
and figure 51 therein.

Thanks!

Byung-Jae Kwak

-- 
 Anyone can be passionate,
 but it takes real lovers to be silly.  - Rose Franklin

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Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2003 12:22:15 -0800 (PST)
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Subject: [manet] AODV is up and running!
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The AODV IETF network is back online and working.
There were some technical difficulties with the
infrastructured wireless network that forced us to
be offline for awhile.  Now those issues are solved
and we are back online.

If you are here, download an implementation from
http://moment.cs.ucsb.edu/aodv-ietf  and try it
out.  Be sure to disable wep, and set your windows
preferences to ad hoc mode.

Elizabeth


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Subject: [manet] Call for papers: Workshop on Multihop Wireless Networks
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*********************Call for Papers************************

********** WORKSHOP ON MULTIHOP WIRELESS NETWORKS **********

                 in conjunction with
23rd IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications 
                  Conference (IPCCC)

          April 14-17, 2004, Phoenix, Arizona 



PROGRAM CHAIR:

Asis Nasipuri, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.
(anasipur@uncc.edu)


SCOPE:

Multihop networking has experienced rapid growth in the last decade 
with applications ranging from battlefield and disaster area networking 
to wireless LANs for the home and offices. Recent technological 
developments have led to newer possibilities for applications such as 
networking of large arrays of wireless sensors and development of 
wireless community networks. However, design of multihop networks 
continue to pose a myriad of challenging problems that exist across 
multiple disciplines. These include issues in the physical layer, 
network protocol development, operating system, low-power circuit 
design, signal processing, and distributed algorithms.

The objective of this workshop is to bring together researchers on 
different aspects of the current issues on multihop wireless wireless
networks with special emphasis on performance modeling and protocol 
development. We encourage submission of high-quality papers that report 
original work in both theoretical and experimental research areas.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

- Physical layer design
- Medium Access Control
- Routing
- Network Control and Management
- Operating system and middleware
- Data storage and database
- Energy conservation techniques
- Distributed and collaborative algorithms for multihop networks
- Signal processing techniques
- Performance evaluation and modeling of multihop networks
- Security issues
- Network reliability/survivability
- Multimedia and QoS
- Testbed results
- Applications


DATES:

 Deadlines for Submissions:  December 6, 2003
 Notification of Acceptance: December 29, 2003 
 Camera-Ready Copy Received: January 26, 2004
 Workshop:                   April 14-17, 2004



SUBMISSION:

Submit an extended abstract not exceeding 8 pages, including figures. 
A cover page containing the title, authors, descriptive keywords, and 
contact information of the corresponding author must be included. 
Postscript or Adobe pdf format are preferred. Submit by e-mail to 
the Workshop Chair (anasipur@uncc.edu). 



PAPERS:

Papers must represent original work that has not been published in any 
other forum. All submitted papers will be refereed for originality, 
quality, contribution, and relevance to the scope of this workshop. At 
least one author must register for the conference by paying the full 
(non-student) registration fee and present the paper at the conference 
venue. All accepted papers will be published in the IPCCC proceedings 
by the IEEE press. Accepted papers will be limited to 6 pages in 
standard IEEE format.

For any further information, please check the workshop  web  page  at 
http://www.ece.uncc.edu/~anasipur/MWN/index.html or the IPCCC web page 
(http://www.ipccc.org) or send e-mail to the program chair.


Dr. Asis Nasipuri

Electrical & Computer Engineering
The University of North Carolina at Charlotte
9201 University City Blvd
Charlotte, NC 28223-0001

Phone: 704-687-3876
Fax:    704-687-2352
URL:   www.ece.uncc.edu/~anasipur



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Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2003 17:10:08 -0800
Subject: [manet] My slides on OSPF extension for manets
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You can find my slides on extending OSPF for manets here:

http://www.erg.sri.com/projects/tbrpf/docs/ogier-manet-ospf-extension.ppt

I am not scheduled to present these at the meeting on Thursday,
but I will keep my TBRPF talk short so that we may have time
to discuss this approach near the end of the meeting.

Richard


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Hi all


There are two concerns here
Firstly,  this is the ns2 code when receiving a packet from the upper 
layer. Focusing on the first case of the switch on what Byung-Jae said , 
in this case backoff is already performed therefore it will go to the 
true part of the if statement.
The defer is also not busy, therefore it start defering a DIFS + random 
slot time of the windows. It only Tx the packet after finishing the defer.
If what Byung-Jae stated is true, ns2 code is false which casts doubts 
on simulations results from ns2.

     */
    if(mhBackoff_.busy() == 0) {
        if(is_idle()) {
            /*
             * If we are already deferring, there is no
             * need to reset the Defer timer.
             */
            if(mhDefer_.busy() == 0) {
                rTime = (Random::random() % cw_) * (phymib_->SlotTime);
                mhDefer_.start(difs_ + rTime);
            }
           
        }
    /*
     * If the medium is NOT IDLE, then we start
     * the backoff timer.
     */
        else {
            mhBackoff_.start(cw_, is_idle());
        }
    }

Secondly, please correct me if I am wrong...
If it is like what you said then the node will have to wait 2 DIFS in 
the second and third case of the switch ?
Please look at the comment with the #

******************************************************
normal packoff procedure:
waiting DIFS + choosing random number + counting down.
******************************************************
STA A Tx a packet;
STA A receives an ACK;
STA A waits for DIFS;
STA A choose a random number for backoff and counts down to zero;
If (STA A has a packet in the queue)
  then
    STA A Tx the packet;
  else
    STA A waits until a packet arrives;
    switch (channel idle time)
        case (the channel has been idle for more than DIFS):
          STA A Tx the packet right away;
        case (the channel has been idle for T_idle < DIFS):
          STA A waits for DIFS - T_idle; // -> therefore wait totally one DIFS here 
          STA A enters a normal backoff procedure; //wait another DIFS + random number of slot time here
        case (the channel is busy)
          STA A waits until the channel becomes idle;
          STA A waits DIFS; // one DIFS 
          STA A enters a normal backoff procedure; //wait another DIFS + random slot time here 
    endswitch
endif 

I hope that it makes sense now!


bjkwak wrote:

>Hi Dong,
>
>Dong Zheng wrote:
>  
>
>>Hi, Byung,
>>    
>>
>
>It is Byung-Jae :)
>
>  
>
>>It seems that our understanding bifurcates from the clause "In general,
>>a STA may transmit ..., when the STA determines that the  medium is idle
>>for greater than or equal to a DIFS period ..." In my understanding, the
>>STA determines that the medium will be idle for DIFS, however, your
>>understanding is that the STA determines that the medium has been idle
>>for more than DIFS. But a closer look at Fig. 51 tells that the STA will
>>wait for DIFS instead of checking the channel has been idle for DIFS.
>>
>>Can sb. else help us clarify this confusion? ;-)
>>
>>    
>>
>>>What I understand is as follows:
>>>
>>>Node A Tx a packet;
>>>Node A receives an ACK;
>>>Node A starts a backoff procedure:
>>>  choose random backoff and count down;
>>>      
>>>
>>If the average of this backoff time is less than DIFS ...
>>
>>    
>>
>>>If the queue was not empty at the time of reception of ACK
>>>  then
>>>    Enter normal backoff procedure;
>>>      
>>>
>>then it will give priority to this node cause other nodes will wait for
>>DIFS before they can enter the backoff procedure.
>>
>>    
>>
>>>  else // Queue was empty
>>>    If a packet arrives before the backoff counter expires
>>>      Then
>>>        Wait until the timer expire;
>>>        Tx the packet after DIFS idle time;
>>>      else // A packet arrives after the timer expires
>>>        If channel has been idle for more than DIFS
>>>          then
>>>            Tx the packet right away;
>>>          else
>>>            Enter normal backoff procedure;
>>>        endif
>>>    endif
>>>endif
>>>      
>>>
>
>I guess I was not clear enough in my description.
>Below is an improved version.  
>
>Note: In my original description, the "normal backoff
>procedure" was meant to be:
>
> waiting DIFS + choosing random number + counting down.
>
>In the new description below, it does not include the
>DIFS to be clearer.
>
>STA A Tx a packet;
>STA A receives an ACK;
>STA A waits for DIFS;
>STA A choose a random number for backoff and counts down to zero;
>If (STA A has a packet in the queue)
>  then
>    STA A Tx the packet;
>  else
>    STA A waits until a packet arrives;
>    switch (channel idle time)
>        case (the channel has been idle for more than DIFS):
>          STA A Tx the packet right away;
>        case (the channel has been idle for T_idle < DIFS):
>          STA A waits for DIFS - T_idle;
>          STA A enters a normal backoff procedure;
>        case (the channel is busy)
>          STA A waits until the channel becomes idle;
>          STA A waits DIFS;
>          STA A enters a normal backoff procedure;
>    endswitch
>endif 
>
>I hope that it makes sense now!
>
>Thanks!
>
>Byung-Jae Kwak
>------------------------------------------
>Wireless Communication Technologies Group
>Advanced Network Technologies Division
>NIST, MD
>
>  
>




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To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
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Dear Manet-OSPF work group,

Extending OSPF to MANETs is an attractive
idea for several reasons. However (for an equal
number of reasons :-) ) I was wondering what MANET
sizes or mobility scenarios could be supported
by a link state protocol.

Is there a desired MANET environment or application
towards which this effort is geared?
Or is it because it may become easier to be globally
adopted, being a wireless extension of an existing standard?

 Regards,

    Theodoros





--------------------------------------------------
Theodoros Salonidis
Ph.D. Candidate

Institute of Systems Research &
Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Maryland, College Park
3187 A.V. Williams Bldg.
College Park, MD  20742

(301) 405-2942
thsalon@eng.umd.edu
http://www.ece.umd.edu/~thsalon
---------------------------------------------------------



On Mon, 10 Nov 2003, Joe Macker wrote:

> At 01:16 PM 11/10/2003, Henderson, Thomas R wrote:
> >Richard,
> >Thanks for your comments and list of issues.  As I mentioned to
> >you previously, I agree that some of these technical choices
> >need to be discussed further, once the IETF decides whether
> >or not this becomes a work effort.  Hopefully there will be
> >strong support for the problem statement that will be presented
> >at the OSPF and MANET WGs this week, and we can then focus on
> >the particulars of the solution via a design team.
>
> We will have time for presentations and issues at the meeting.
> The main goal, however, is to determine if the problem statement can be used
> to move forward with a design team approach.  This is one possible way
> forward for some of the proactive "lessons learned" to transition.
>
> Of course, there are new issues too.
>
> -Joe
>
> >Tom
> >
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: Richard Ogier [mailto:ogier@erg.sri.com]
> >> Sent: Sunday, November 09, 2003 10:00 PM
> >> To: manet@ietf.org
> >> Cc: ogier@erg.sri.com
> >> Subject: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
> >>
> >>
> >> I would like to offer some comments on:
> >>
> >> draft-spagnolo-manet-ospf-wireless-interface-00.txt
> >>
> >> and to compare it with the solution in
> >>
> >> http://www.erg.sri.com/projects/tbrpf/docs/draft-ogier-manet-o
> >> spf-extension-00.txt
> >>
> >...
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >manet mailing list
> >manet@ietf.org
> >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>

--------------------------------------------------
Theodoros Salonidis
Ph.D. Candidate

Institute of Systems Research &
Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Maryland, College Park
3187 A.V. Williams Bldg.
College Park, MD  20742

(301) 405-2942
thsalon@eng.umd.edu
http://www.ece.umd.edu/~thsalon
---------------------------------------------------------






_______________________________________________
manet mailing list
manet@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
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I have some comments on the strategy of the working group.
On Thursday, Thomas Henderson will discuss an initial solution to the
problem of extending OSPF, using MPRs and unreliable flooding.
As he has said, this is only an initial solution that needs work,
and other solutions will also be considered.

There is clearly no consensus on whether the OSPF extension should
use MPRs or a CDS, and on whether it should use reliable flooding.
This is indicated in Fred Baker's slides, where he uses the term
"overlapping relays" instead of CDS, and where he discusses the
problems with unreliable flooding.

However, the draft by Henderson et al. describes an extension that
uses MPRs and unreliable, periodic flooding (even though he claims
that future versions may use reliable flooding).
Therefore, since the draft describes a protocol that does not
agree with working group consensus, it would make no sense to
accept the draft as is.

We first need to agree on the general design of the protocol, e.g.,
should it use a CDS or MPRS?  Should it use reliable flooding?

One argument I heard was that the draft should be considered
as an initial solution because it has been implemented.  I don't
think that is important at this early stage, when the problem
statement has just been announced and we haven't even agreed on
what the protocol should look like.
Having an implementation is irrelevant if the protocol does not
have consensus of the working group.

Besides, this is apparently a recent implementation, so another
extension could be implemented within a few months, and waiting
a few months is a small price to pay considering that people
will have to live with the resulting standard for many years.

But this brings up another issue.  How can we be sure that
the design team will make the right decisions, and will give
fair consideration to the alternative solutions proposed
by the working group?  I'm not saying the team will not give
fair consideration to alternative solutions, but there is no
guarantee that they will.

One answer to this is something that I have suggested before.
We should make it so that anyone who proposes an alternative
technique can run simulations (or have someone else run simulations)
to determine how their technique affects performance on an agreed
set of scenarios (such as the ones being developed by the ANS
research group).  This is not research, but a selection process
to help decide between alternative designs. (Of course, performance
is not the only criteria, but is an important one.)

In addition, it would be good to have an arbitrator, someone who
everyone agrees would be fair and unbiased.  I think Fred Baker would
be a good choice, since he is giving fair consideration to alternative
solutions, and has not been involved in the MANET fighting of the past.

Regards,
Richard


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Reply-To: <jafy@etri.re.kr>
From: "HyunWook Cha" <jafy@etri.re.kr>
To: <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2003 09:10:27 -0600
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Hello, folks.

Yeah, I also want to know that.
Is there anybody who can tell why these approaches should be dealt with
high priority? 
I think that many people may have same curiosity. Please, answer before
forwarding.
Thanks in advance.

HyunWook Cha

> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Theodoros Salonidis
> Sent: Tuesday, November 11, 2003 8:15 PM
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Dear Manet-OSPF work group,
> 
> Extending OSPF to MANETs is an attractive
> idea for several reasons. However (for an equal
> number of reasons :-) ) I was wondering what MANET
> sizes or mobility scenarios could be supported
> by a link state protocol.
> 
> Is there a desired MANET environment or application
> towards which this effort is geared?
> Or is it because it may become easier to be globally
> adopted, being a wireless extension of an existing standard?
> 
>  Regards,
> 
>     Theodoros
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> --------------------------------------------------
> Theodoros Salonidis
> Ph.D. Candidate
> 
> Institute of Systems Research &
> Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
> University of Maryland, College Park
> 3187 A.V. Williams Bldg.
> College Park, MD  20742
> 
> (301) 405-2942
> thsalon@eng.umd.edu
> http://www.ece.umd.edu/~thsalon
> ---------------------------------------------------------
> 
> 
> 
> On Mon, 10 Nov 2003, Joe Macker wrote:
> 
> > At 01:16 PM 11/10/2003, Henderson, Thomas R wrote:
> > >Richard,
> > >Thanks for your comments and list of issues.  As I mentioned to
> > >you previously, I agree that some of these technical choices
> > >need to be discussed further, once the IETF decides whether
> > >or not this becomes a work effort.  Hopefully there will be
> > >strong support for the problem statement that will be presented
> > >at the OSPF and MANET WGs this week, and we can then focus on
> > >the particulars of the solution via a design team.
> >
> > We will have time for presentations and issues at the meeting.
> > The main goal, however, is to determine if the problem 
> statement can be used
> > to move forward with a design team approach.  This is one 
> possible way
> > forward for some of the proactive "lessons learned" to transition.
> >
> > Of course, there are new issues too.
> >
> > -Joe
> >
> > >Tom
> > >
> > >> -----Original Message-----
> > >> From: Richard Ogier [mailto:ogier@erg.sri.com]
> > >> Sent: Sunday, November 09, 2003 10:00 PM
> > >> To: manet@ietf.org
> > >> Cc: ogier@erg.sri.com
> > >> Subject: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
> > >>
> > >>
> > >> I would like to offer some comments on:
> > >>
> > >> draft-spagnolo-manet-ospf-wireless-interface-00.txt
> > >>
> > >> and to compare it with the solution in
> > >>
> > >> http://www.erg.sri.com/projects/tbrpf/docs/draft-ogier-manet-o
> > >> spf-extension-00.txt
> > >>
> > >...
> > >
> > >_______________________________________________
> > >manet mailing list
> > >manet@ietf.org
> > >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
> 
> --------------------------------------------------
> Theodoros Salonidis
> Ph.D. Candidate
> 
> Institute of Systems Research &
> Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
> University of Maryland, College Park
> 3187 A.V. Williams Bldg.
> College Park, MD  20742
> 
> (301) 405-2942
> thsalon@eng.umd.edu
> http://www.ece.umd.edu/~thsalon
> ---------------------------------------------------------
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> 


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Subject: [manet] tora ietf draft
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Hi
I need tora ietf draft for understanding implemtation
of this protocol.
there is a link for this?
thanks

redouane


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Subject: Re: [manet] tora ietf draft
From: Joao Girao <Joao.Girao@ccrle.nec.de>
To: redouane <redouane43@yahoo.fr>
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You'll find a link in the mirror archives of the ietf drafts.
For example:

ftp://ftp.fccn.pt/pub/IETF/Internet-Drafts/draft-ietf-manet-tora-spec-05.tx=
t


joao girao

On Wed, 2003-11-12 at 16:49, redouane wrote:
> Hi
> I need tora ietf draft for understanding implemtation
> of this protocol.
> there is a link for this?
> thanks
>=20
> redouane
>=20
>=20
> ___________________________________________________________
> Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en fran=C3=A7ais !
> Yahoo! Mail : http://fr.mail.yahoo.com
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
--=20
Jo=C3=A3o Gir=C3=A3o (Joao.Girao@ccrle.nec.de)
NEC Europe Ltd., Network Laboratories
Tel. (+49) 6221 90511-17
Fax: (+49) 6221 90511-55

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Hi HyunWook / all,

Well I agree when you say that using a routing header maximizes prefix 
stability. If we also want to maintain transport layer sessions then we 
also need something like your proposal (or MIPv6). I am not opposed to 
the use of routing header, in fact I'm mainly worried about the 
complexity to write some code that needs to add a routing header. I 
guess this has to be kernel code, I don't know if it can written as an 
external module or not, and how complex it is for a lambda user to 
install such code. If anybode has experienced in writing code with 
routing header can give us some hints he is very welcome. ;-)

I think MIPv6 is a good example of what I mean : a user that is not 
experienced with Linux cannot install it easily. I personaly think that 
it can refrain people from using it, mainly because it is too complex to 
setup.

Note that with our proposal, we can also use routing headers, but 
decided not to include it in the draft because we wanted to avoid this 
(unknown) complexity (when writing the code). Our proposal (developed by 
Arnaud Frey) is already implemented as a (user level) daemon which can 
be installed by any user that knows how to use a shell. The code is 
still in a debugging state, a few things have to be checked and 
validated but a first beta version should be available soon.

Christophe

HyunWook Cha wrote:

>If the main purpose of maintenance of prefix continuity is to avoid
>routing header, I do not agree. IMO, usage of routing header has
>following advantages.
>- not require prefix continuity, but prefix stability can be maximized.
>As long as a node can find route information for a gateway, it can
>refresh its address. This can help tranport layer survivability.
>- can use the shortest path established by routing protocol. This can
>compensate bandwidth consumption caused by routing header  while
>traffics can traverse non-optimal paths without routing header.
>- ok when intermediate nodes do not want internet connectivity or not
>yet configure its global address just after bootstraping. It needs only
>route information for a gateway through RREQ and RREP exchange. 
>
>What do you think about this?
>
>Regards,
>
>HyunWook Cha
>  
>


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That link is broken

-----Original Message-----
From: Joao Girao [mailto:Joao.Girao@ccrle.nec.de]
Sent: Wednesday, November 12, 2003 10:01 AM
To: redouane
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] tora ietf draft


You'll find a link in the mirror archives of the ietf drafts.
For example:

ftp://ftp.fccn.pt/pub/IETF/Internet-Drafts/draft-ietf-manet-tora-spec-05=
.txt


joao girao

On Wed, 2003-11-12 at 16:49, redouane wrote:
> Hi
> I need tora ietf draft for understanding implemtation
> of this protocol.
> there is a link for this?
> thanks
>=20
> redouane
>=20
>=20
> ___________________________________________________________
> Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en fran=C3=A7ais =
!
> Yahoo! Mail : http://fr.mail.yahoo.com
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
--=20
Jo=C3=A3o Gir=C3=A3o (Joao.Girao@ccrle.nec.de)
NEC Europe Ltd., Network Laboratories
Tel. (+49) 6221 90511-17
Fax: (+49) 6221 90511-55

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if the 

"AODV routing protocol is designed for mobile ad hoc networks
   with populations of tens to thousands of mobile nodes"

why is the HopCount limited to only a BYTE?  This effectively limits the number of hops to 255.  Why not expand the hop count to two bytes into the reseved region of the RREQ packet.  Something similar could be done with the RREP packet as well.


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From: "Philippe Jacquet" <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
To: "Richard Ogier" <ogier@erg.sri.com>, <manet@ietf.org>
Cc: <ogier@erg.sri.com>
References: <Pine.SOL.4.44.0311112028440.21622-100000@z.glue.umd.edu> <3FB1C843.4070900@erg.sri.com>
Subject: Re: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2003 18:00:35 +0100
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Dear Richard,

I don't think there is any conceptual conflict between MPR, CDS and
overlapping relays. To be short MPR is a practical implementation of CDS.
Since it is now mature enough, it is proposed in a draft for a wireless
extension of OSPF. MPRs contain nice features that have been added by the
working group during the past years such as "willingness to forward"
parameter, adaptability to link qualities, possibility of drastic reduction
of advertized link set size, etc. However they are certainly not yet
absolutely optimal, since optimal CDS selection is an NP hard problem. If
you give me a polynomial algorithm that select a good CDS, I will find
another polynomial algorithm that select a better CDS;-)  However, MPRs have
shown acceptable performance so far that we did not find practical
algorithms that significantly outperform it.

Best regards,
Philippe
----- Original Message -----
From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
To: <manet@ietf.org>
Cc: <ogier@erg.sri.com>
Sent: Wednesday, November 12, 2003 6:42 AM
Subject: Re: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets


> I have some comments on the strategy of the working group.
> On Thursday, Thomas Henderson will discuss an initial solution to the
> problem of extending OSPF, using MPRs and unreliable flooding.
> As he has said, this is only an initial solution that needs work,
> and other solutions will also be considered.
>
> There is clearly no consensus on whether the OSPF extension should
> use MPRs or a CDS, and on whether it should use reliable flooding.
> This is indicated in Fred Baker's slides, where he uses the term
> "overlapping relays" instead of CDS, and where he discusses the
> problems with unreliable flooding.
>
> However, the draft by Henderson et al. describes an extension that
> uses MPRs and unreliable, periodic flooding (even though he claims
> that future versions may use reliable flooding).
> Therefore, since the draft describes a protocol that does not
> agree with working group consensus, it would make no sense to
> accept the draft as is.
>
> We first need to agree on the general design of the protocol, e.g.,
> should it use a CDS or MPRS?  Should it use reliable flooding?
>
> One argument I heard was that the draft should be considered
> as an initial solution because it has been implemented.  I don't
> think that is important at this early stage, when the problem
> statement has just been announced and we haven't even agreed on
> what the protocol should look like.
> Having an implementation is irrelevant if the protocol does not
> have consensus of the working group.
>
> Besides, this is apparently a recent implementation, so another
> extension could be implemented within a few months, and waiting
> a few months is a small price to pay considering that people
> will have to live with the resulting standard for many years.
>
> But this brings up another issue.  How can we be sure that
> the design team will make the right decisions, and will give
> fair consideration to the alternative solutions proposed
> by the working group?  I'm not saying the team will not give
> fair consideration to alternative solutions, but there is no
> guarantee that they will.
>
> One answer to this is something that I have suggested before.
> We should make it so that anyone who proposes an alternative
> technique can run simulations (or have someone else run simulations)
> to determine how their technique affects performance on an agreed
> set of scenarios (such as the ones being developed by the ANS
> research group).  This is not research, but a selection process
> to help decide between alternative designs. (Of course, performance
> is not the only criteria, but is an important one.)
>
> In addition, it would be good to have an arbitrator, someone who
> everyone agrees would be fair and unbiased.  I think Fred Baker would
> be a good choice, since he is giving fair consideration to alternative
> solutions, and has not been involved in the MANET fighting of the past.
>
> Regards,
> Richard
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet


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hi, Martin Kohlwes:
   I don't think it is a bug. I think the IP-header is used to indicate
the routing destination.
   When DSRAgent send the packet to Linklayer, we can see code like this in ll.cc:
 hdr_ip *ih = HDR_IP(p);
 nsaddr_t dst = (nsaddr_t)Address::instance().get_nodeaddr(ih->daddr());
                                                                                    ^^^^^^^^it was set in DSRAgent
    To different type of common head( NS_AF_ILINK,  NS_AF_INET, NS_AF_NONE), the destination "dst" can also be changed. But I don't know the meaning of "NS_AF_ILINK,  NS_AF_INET, NS_AF_NONE", Does anybody know it?
 
>
>Hi everyone,
>
>in the wireless routing protocols (AODV, DSDV, DSR...) there is always a line 
>like:
>      ch->size() += IP_HDR_LEN;
>It adds 20 bytes to the packet. This was apparently done, to include an 
>IP-header. But it is realy strange for two reasons:
>
>1. If we use TCP, we already start with a packet (size 40 bytes) which 
>includes TCP _and_ IP header.
>
>2. In chapter 16.1.1 (creating wireless topology) of the ns-manual there is a 
>flow chart showing the way of a packet through the different layers. 
>The routing-agent (which adds the 20 bytes) is only passed on the way down 
>(towards physical layer) - not on the way up (towards the application). So 
>there is no peer entity, which could take away this overhead.
>
>Most of the applications don't seem to care of receiving larger packets than 
>the ones that were sent, but FullTcp does.
>
>All suggestions are welcome,
> Martin (Aachen, Germany)
>




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<DIV>hi, Martin Kohlwes:</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp; I don't think it is a bug. I think the IP-header is used to indicate<BR>the routing destination.<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; When DSRAgent send the packet to Linklayer, we can see code like this in ll.cc:<BR>&nbsp;hdr_ip *ih = HDR_IP(p);<BR>&nbsp;nsaddr_t dst = (nsaddr_t)Address::instance().get_nodeaddr(ih-&gt;daddr());<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;^^^^^^^^it was set in DSRAgent</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; To different type of common head( NS_AF_ILINK,&nbsp; NS_AF_INET, NS_AF_NONE), the destination "dst" can also be changed. But I don't know the meaning of "NS_AF_ILINK,&nbsp; NS_AF_INET, NS_AF_NONE", Does anybody know it?</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;<BR>&gt;Hi everyone,<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;in the wireless routing protocols (AODV, DSDV, DSR...) there is always a line <BR>&gt;like:<BR>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ch-&gt;size() += IP_HDR_LEN;<BR>&gt;It adds 20 bytes to the packet. This was apparently done, to include an <BR>&gt;IP-header. But it is realy strange for two reasons:<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;1. If we use TCP, we already start with a packet (size 40 bytes) which <BR>&gt;includes TCP _and_ IP header.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;2. In chapter 16.1.1 (creating wireless topology) of the ns-manual there is a <BR>&gt;flow chart showing the way of a packet through the different layers. <BR>&gt;The routing-agent (which adds the 20 bytes) is only passed on the way down <BR>&gt;(towards physical layer) - not on the way up (towards the application). So <BR>&gt;there is no peer entity, which could take away this overhead.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;Most of the applications don't seem to care of receiving larger packets than <BR>&gt;the ones that we!
 re sent,
 but FullTcp does.<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;All suggestions are welcome,<BR>&gt;&nbsp;Martin (Aachen, Germany)<BR>&gt;</DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV></DIV><p><hr SIZE=1>
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At 09:15 PM 11/11/2003, Theodoros Salonidis wrote:

>Dear Manet-OSPF work group,
>
>Extending OSPF to MANETs is an attractive
>idea for several reasons. However (for an equal
>number of reasons :-) ) I was wondering what MANET
>sizes or mobility scenarios could be supported
>by a link state protocol.

First off, it is not my belief that extending OSPF with a MANET
interface and other optimizations is the only MANET solution
that is needed.  At the last few meetings there seemed
to be rough consensus on proceeding forward with a proactive
and a reactive track.  This is a POSSIBLE AREA for proactive
"lessons learned" to transition.  In fact, its already happening.
There is energy here from a vendor and previous author community
to we are pursuing discussion.

MANET-like optimizations (e.g., flooding improvements)
will provide some scaling improvements intraarea.
Mobility support will be improved by allowing peer areas to be
larger 

The MANET-like wireless interface is needed. I don't think there
is much question of that.



>Is there a desired MANET environment or application
>towards which this effort is geared?
>Or is it because it may become easier to be globally
>adopted, being a wireless extension of an existing standard?


In my opinion, there are a number of pragmatic hybrid wireless
networks where this would apply.  
OSPF has some clear advantages there..

Once again, I think it may only address moderate mobility initially
but may help address more heterogeneous environment
and improve MANET-like support in backbone wireless networks..

In my PDA, I would prefer to run something lighterweight ;-)

I think your second observation is also true to a degree.
I have heard vendor feedback to that tune.



> Regards,
>
>    Theodoros
>
>
>
>
>
>--------------------------------------------------
>Theodoros Salonidis
>Ph.D. Candidate
>
>Institute of Systems Research &
>Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
>University of Maryland, College Park
>3187 A.V. Williams Bldg.
>College Park, MD  20742
>
>(301) 405-2942
>thsalon@eng.umd.edu
>http://www.ece.umd.edu/~thsalon
>---------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>
>On Mon, 10 Nov 2003, Joe Macker wrote:
>
>> At 01:16 PM 11/10/2003, Henderson, Thomas R wrote:
>> >Richard,
>> >Thanks for your comments and list of issues.  As I mentioned to
>> >you previously, I agree that some of these technical choices
>> >need to be discussed further, once the IETF decides whether
>> >or not this becomes a work effort.  Hopefully there will be
>> >strong support for the problem statement that will be presented
>> >at the OSPF and MANET WGs this week, and we can then focus on
>> >the particulars of the solution via a design team.
>>
>> We will have time for presentations and issues at the meeting.
>> The main goal, however, is to determine if the problem statement can be used
>> to move forward with a design team approach.  This is one possible way
>> forward for some of the proactive "lessons learned" to transition.
>>
>> Of course, there are new issues too.
>>
>> -Joe
>>
>> >Tom
>> >
>> >> -----Original Message-----
>> >> From: Richard Ogier [mailto:ogier@erg.sri.com]
>> >> Sent: Sunday, November 09, 2003 10:00 PM
>> >> To: manet@ietf.org
>> >> Cc: ogier@erg.sri.com
>> >> Subject: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> I would like to offer some comments on:
>> >>
>> >> draft-spagnolo-manet-ospf-wireless-interface-00.txt
>> >>
>> >> and to compare it with the solution in
>> >>
>> >> http://www.erg.sri.com/projects/tbrpf/docs/draft-ogier-manet-o
>> >> spf-extension-00.txt
>> >>
>> >...
>> >
>> >_______________________________________________
>> >manet mailing list
>> >manet@ietf.org
>> >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> manet mailing list
>> manet@ietf.org
>> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>
>
>--------------------------------------------------
>Theodoros Salonidis
>Ph.D. Candidate
>
>Institute of Systems Research &
>Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
>University of Maryland, College Park
>3187 A.V. Williams Bldg.
>College Park, MD  20742
>
>(301) 405-2942
>thsalon@eng.umd.edu
>http://www.ece.umd.edu/~thsalon
>---------------------------------------------------------
>
>
>
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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Subject: RE: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
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From: "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
To: "Richard Ogier" <ogier@erg.sri.com>, <manet@ietf.org>
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Richard,
Embedded are some comments in response.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Richard Ogier [mailto:ogier@erg.sri.com]
> Sent: Sunday, November 09, 2003 10:00 PM
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Cc: ogier@erg.sri.com
> Subject: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
>=20
>=20
> I would like to offer some comments on:
>=20
> draft-spagnolo-manet-ospf-wireless-interface-00.txt =20
>=20
> and to compare it with the solution in
>=20
> http://www.erg.sri.com/projects/tbrpf/docs/draft-ogier-manet-o
> spf-extension-00.txt
>=20
> I will refer to these documents as [Spagnolo03] and=20
> [Ogier03], respectively.
> I am not saying that either of these solutions is better than=20
> the other,
> and hopefully better solutions (or suggestions for improving=20
> these) will
> be proposed after the problem statement is accepted.
>=20
> The draft [Spagnolo03] extends OSPF to manet interfaces by=20
> using the MPR
> flooding mechanism of OSPF to flood LSAs.  I.e., it proposes to list
> MPRs in Hello messages, and to disseminate LSAs using unreliable,
> periodic flooding via MPRs.
>=20
> Most of my comments can be grouped into the following three questions:
>=20
> 1. Are MPRs the best choice for the relay nodes used for=20
> flooding LSAs?
> 2. Is it better to use reliable vs. unreliable flooding of LSAs?
> 3. Should we try to minimize the changes to OSPF?
>=20
> I will discuss the third question first. It seems to me that=20
> minimizing
> the changes to OSPF would make the extension more acceptable=20
> to the OSPF
> working group.  For example, as discussed below and in=20
> [Ogier03], it is
> possible to avoid introducing any new packet formats, e.g., to use the
> existing format for OSPF Hello packets, and to avoid introducing a new
> flooding mechanism that requires a new sequence number for suppressing
> duplicates, etc.  OSPF already has a mechanism for suppressing
> duplicates during flooding, and it is possible to use this mechanism.

While it seems like minimizing changes to OSPF is an agreed goal, I
guess we have different views of this.  We decided not to change the
LSA format at all, but we did adopt some new message types.  But is
this really a big deal?  I would argue that even in your proposal,
you are using (overloading) a new message type for Hello because you=20
are redefining the semantics of the DR field.  Also, you have proposed
changes (sequence numbers) to LSR messages.

The LSF is identical to an LSU but with the flooding sequence number. =20
We are not saying that we believe LSF to be the best possible approach=20
to flooding, but we are saying that it was straightforward to implement.

However, differential LSAs do represent a departure from OSPF database
formats and the logic of handling/parsing LSAs when doing SPFs (unless
differential LSAs are converted to regular LSAs upon reception).  We
were able to avoid touching any of this part of the implementation.
One also has to consider that conventional LSAs are needed to be=20
circulated outside of the wireless network if it is to interoperate=20
with legacy routers.

If a wireless-optimized flooding algorithm is devised that does not=20
require a flooding sequence number, so much the better, but this
is not a big concern in my view.  I haven't seen a proposal yet that
didn't change how flooding is done in some manner (whether using a LSF
message or redefining database description, etc.).

>=20
> Below I quote a set of bullets from [Spagnolo03] summarizing their
> proposed OSPF extension, and for comparison, after each bullet I
> summarize how the solution in [Ogier03] is different. =20
> (S indicates [Spagnolo03] and O indicates [Ogier03].)
>=20
>   S    defines a new Wireless Hello message.  The new message adds
>        an MPR list and eliminate backup and designated router fields;
>=20
>   O    Does not require any change to the OSPF Hello packet format.
>        The Designated Router field may indicate a CDS (connected
>        dominating set) node instead of a DR.
>       =20
>   S    implements the MPR selection algorithm and rules for reflood-
>        ing LSAs;
>=20
>   O    Implements an algorithm by which nodes select themselves
>        to be a CDS node or an MPR.
>=20
>   S    efficiently floods LSAs periodically using a Link State Flood
>        (LSF) message;
>=20
>   O    Uses an efficient method for reliable flooding based=20
> on periodic
>        Database Description packets, using existing OSPF=20
> message types.
>=20
>   S    eliminates the formation of full adjacencies on wireless
>        interfaces; all neighbor states beyond 2-Way are not reached,
>        and no database synchronization is performed; and
>=20
>   O    Same.
>=20
>   S    includes a mechanism for suppressing the redundant flooding of
>        "outside" LSAs (LSAs originated external to the wireless sub-
>        net).
>=20
>   O    A similar mechanism for suppressing "outside" LSAs can=20
> be employed.
>=20
> MPRs seem to be a popular method for flooding in manets, but=20
> we need to
> ask whether MPRs are really the best way to flood LSAs in an OSPF
> extension.  Also, there are different ways to compute MPRs: in OLSR,
> nodes select a subset of neighbors as MPRs, but it is also=20
> possible for
> nodes to select themselves as MPRs.
>=20
> If MPRs are used only to flood LSAs, then a CDS is sufficent for this
> purpose and has the following advantages.  Most of these advantages
> are also shared by self-selected MPRs (which do not require nodes to
> advertise MPRs in Hellos).
>=20
> 1. OSPF Hello packets can be used without modification (the DR
>    field would indicate a CDS node, which can be the sending node
>    itself). Each node decides whether it is a CDS node (or an MPR)
>    based on Hellos and LSAs originated by neighbors.
>=20
> 2. As shown in reference [Lin03] of [Ogier03], and also by my own
>    simulations, using a CDS or self-selected MPR results in a relay
>    node set (set of nodes that relay a given LSA) that is smaller than
>    or about the same size as using MPRs (depending on the scenario).
>=20
> 3. Using a CDS is simpler, since the relay node set is independent
>    of the LSA originator.  And the decision to forward a given LSA/LSU
>    does not depend on which neighbor it was received from.
>   =20
> 4. Using a CDS or self-selected MPRs can result in faster recovery
>    from link failures, since a node does not have to wait for
>    a neighbor to select it.  In fact, a CDS node or MPR is analogous
>    to a Designated Router (DR), and DRs select themselves in OSPF.
>=20

I agree that CDS vs. self-selected MPRs vs. OLSR-style MPRs can be
looked at further.  However, I am not convinced that there will be
huge gains one way or the other.  One argument against CDS or other
solutions for global relay sets, which might be relevant for some=20
environments is that it might end up concentrating transmission=20
(battery consumption) among fewer nodes.  We chose OLSR-style=20
MPRs because the MANET group has already selected it as an appropriate=20
flooding optimization for MANETs, and the code was readily available. =20

> The solution described in [Spagnolo03] uses unreliable, periodic
> flooding, which is quite different from the OSPF flooding mechanism,
> and requires a new packet type (LSF) that includes a new sequence
> number used to detect duplicates. =20
>=20
> The solution described in [Ogier03] uses a reliable flooding mechanism
> that does not require a new packet type, and uses the same=20
> mechanism as
> OSPF to detect duplicates (based on the LSA sequence number in the
> database). This flooding mechanism makes efficient use of the Database
> Description (DD) and LS Request packets already defined in OSPF. =20
> Instead of each node exchanging DD packets separately with each new
> neighbor, each relay node (e.g., CDS node) periodically broadcasts
> to its neighbors (on each manet interface) a set of DD packets, which
> describes the set of LSAs that it is currently responsible for
> reporting (by including the LSA headers with sequence numbers).
> This is similar to the periodic Complete Sequence Numbers=20
> (CSN) packets
> of IS-IS. If a node i detects via a DD packet that a neighbor=20
> CDS node j
> has a more recent instance of some LSA, then node i can=20
> request the LSA
> by sending a LS Request packet to j.  More details can be found in
> [Ogier03] (link given above), including an option for=20
> differential LSAs.

There are two issues here:  whether to flood reliably vs. unreliably,=20
and whether to devise some concise representation of databases
so that neighbors can make sure that they are in sync.  You have
a proposal that combines the two, and it deserves more thought.

We implemented an unreliable flooding and did not use database
exchange.  Obviously, as Fred pointed out, there are scalability
implications to unreliable flooding.  Perhaps these can be addressed
by having an adaptive flooding interval that is tuned to the amount
of local topology change going on-- perhaps the best approach is to
use some reliability.  But we did find that the performance implications =

on routing were not significant-- forwarding based on the imperfect
information did as well as legacy OSPFv2 forwarding.

We have been considering augmenting the unreliable flooding with a=20
reliable flooding mechanism to deal with events like Max Aging of=20
LSAs (which aren't lingering around to be periodically reflooded).

So in summary, I think that this issue needs to be looked at some
more from a bandwidth efficiency perspective, but we have observed
that the imperfect information does not generally impact the route
selection performance.

>=20
> As I mentioned, I am not saying that this is the best solution.
> It is only work in progress, and hopefully other solutions will
> be proposed.  There are many choices to make, such as whether
> to use a CDS, and if so, what algorithm to use. =20
> Comments and suggestions are welcome.
>=20

Agreed-- I just hope that we are not too harshly criticized for
adapting what has already been approved as an RFC by this group
to the problem at hand, building an implementation, finding
that it performed fairly well, and putting it on the table for
discussion. =20

I also would like the group to consider that there is a new
dimension to this problem.  Not only are we concerned about
efficiency in the MANET environment itself, but we also have
to worry about how this glues into the rest of the OSPF network,
particularly if the wireless network is a transit subnet.
We have to worry about i) the possibility of hundreds or thousands
of external LSAs being injected into the wireless network, and=20
ii) how to potentially mask a rapidly changing wireless environment
so that the rest of the OSPF network is not flooded with lots of
LSAs.  My feeling is that solutions to these issues will trump
issues like MPRs vs. CDS and the like.

Tom

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I don't know why you concern implementation so much. 
You should not assume particular OS. 

I don't see any problem to use routing header. We suggested to use it in
global6 draft. Are you saying that kernel implementation is complex? 
I disagree with your statement.

ryuji

> Hi HyunWook / all,
> 
> Well I agree when you say that using a routing header maximizes prefix 
> stability. If we also want to maintain transport layer sessions then we 
> also need something like your proposal (or MIPv6). I am not opposed to 
> the use of routing header, in fact I'm mainly worried about the 
> complexity to write some code that needs to add a routing header. I 
> guess this has to be kernel code, I don't know if it can written as an 
> external module or not, and how complex it is for a lambda user to 
> install such code. If anybode has experienced in writing code with 
> routing header can give us some hints he is very welcome. ;-)
> 
> I think MIPv6 is a good example of what I mean : a user that is not 
> experienced with Linux cannot install it easily. I personaly think that 
> it can refrain people from using it, mainly because it is too complex to 
> setup.
> 
> Note that with our proposal, we can also use routing headers, but 
> decided not to include it in the draft because we wanted to avoid this 
> (unknown) complexity (when writing the code). Our proposal (developed by 
> Arnaud Frey) is already implemented as a (user level) daemon which can 
> be installed by any user that knows how to use a shell. The code is 
> still in a debugging state, a few things have to be checked and 
> validated but a first beta version should be available soon.
> 
> Christophe
> 
> HyunWook Cha wrote:
> 
> >If the main purpose of maintenance of prefix continuity is to avoid
> >routing header, I do not agree. IMO, usage of routing header has
> >following advantages.
> >- not require prefix continuity, but prefix stability can be maximized.
> >As long as a node can find route information for a gateway, it can
> >refresh its address. This can help tranport layer survivability.
> >- can use the shortest path established by routing protocol. This can
> >compensate bandwidth consumption caused by routing header  while
> >traffics can traverse non-optimal paths without routing header.
> >- ok when intermediate nodes do not want internet connectivity or not
> >yet configure its global address just after bootstraping. It needs only
> >route information for a gateway through RREQ and RREP exchange. 
> >
> >What do you think about this?
> >
> >Regards,
> >
> >HyunWook Cha
> >  
> >
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet

regards,
ryuji


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>
>However, the draft by Henderson et al. describes an extension that
>uses MPRs and unreliable, periodic flooding (even though he claims
>that future versions may use reliable flooding).
>Therefore, since the draft describes a protocol that does not
>agree with working group consensus, it would make no sense to
>accept the draft as is.

There is no intention to considering accepting WG design documents immediately.
This should be considered an informational presentation of a prototype 
implementation not a design recommendation for the WG.

We need problem statement acceptance. If any decisions are made
that is the area we need consensus on first.   despite the fact that there are multiple ways 
to solve a problem..is there enough on the table to begin an engineering effort?
does it meet a need? if accepted where and how can we work the problem?

Most people discussing this have been raising similar open design issues that need some 
addressing during a design process.  That is clear.
I don't see much disagreement among the parties in that regard. 
 
Can I read into your design enthusiasm that you support the problem statement?




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Hi Peter,

> ******************************************************
> normal packoff procedure:
> waiting DIFS + choosing random number + counting down.
> ******************************************************

No!  In the NEW description:

 normal backoff = choosing random number + chounting down

Byung-Jae

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Connectivity is the number of other nodes each node can reach with 1 hop.
Therefore a connectivity of 10 means there is 10 nodes that a can reach
directly. Obviously in an actual network this would vary from node to node.


Rob Cain :-)


>What does the connectivity parameter specify?  Is it saying in 100,000
nodes only 10 nodes would be connected?
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Robert Cain [mailto:tgm@ulfius.com]
>Sent: Wednesday, November 12, 2003 11:13 AM
>To: DANIEL BYRNE
>Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
>
>
>1 byte seems OK to me.
>
>With some simple analysis assuming a circular homogeneous network of node
>count K and a reasonable connectivity C then the radius of the network in
>hops can be derived to be the square root of K/C. Which for a network size
>of 100,000 and a connectivity of 10 gives a hop count radius of 100.
Seeing
>as a network of size 100,000 will be probably at practical limits of size
>due to performance degradation then I think 1 byte may well be enough.
>
>hope that helps :-)
>
>Rob Cain
>
>>if the 
>>
>>"AODV routing protocol is designed for mobile ad hoc networks
>>   with populations of tens to thousands of mobile nodes"
>>
>>why is the HopCount limited to only a BYTE?  This effectively limits the
>number of hops to 255.  Why not expand the hop count to two bytes into the
>reseved region of the RREQ packet.  Something similar could be done with
>the RREP packet as well.
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>manet mailing list
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>

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Subject: [manet] problem on QoS
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Hi All,


could you please suggest some research areas to be worked upon in providing the quality of service for the Manets and the related material.


Earlier I was working on mPLS , but now want to shift my work area to the QOS in Manets


Thanx and Regards 


Anjali


 


 
 Click onthe image to chat with me

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<P>Hi All,</P>
<P>could you please suggest some research areas to be worked upon in providing the quality of service for the Manets and the related material.</P>
<P>Earlier I was working on mPLS , but now want to shift my work area to the QOS in Manets</P>
<P>Thanx and Regards </P>
<P>Anjali</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P><br><DIV align=left><a target="_blank" href="http://203.199.93.116/IMaround/presencefr.mss?userid=anjali_jain_aset" ><IMG alt="My Presence" border=0 src="http://203.199.93.116/IMaround/getpresence.mss?userid=anjali_jain_aset" > </a></DIV><DIV align=left><FONT color=#008000 face="Lucida Sans Unicode" size=1>Click onthe image to chat with me</FONT></DIV>

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu Nov 13 08:37:28 2003
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From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Jitesh=20Shah?= <jiteshshahin@yahoo.com>
Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
To: manet@ulfius.com, manet@ietf.org
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Hi,

It depends on how you see the network. If you are
refering to a network which has a CHAIN topology then
the byte used for RREP and RREQ might be way
insignificant. But when you refer to a well connected
network then the byte seems sufficient.

Rgds
Jitesh

 --- Robert Cain <manet@ulfius.com> wrote: >
Connectivity is the number of other nodes each node
> can reach with 1 hop.
> Therefore a connectivity of 10 means there is 10
> nodes that a can reach
> directly. Obviously in an actual network this would
> vary from node to node.
> 
> 
> Rob Cain :-)
> 
> 
> >What does the connectivity parameter specify?  Is
> it saying in 100,000
> nodes only 10 nodes would be connected?
> >
> >-----Original Message-----
> >From: Robert Cain [mailto:tgm@ulfius.com]
> >Sent: Wednesday, November 12, 2003 11:13 AM
> >To: DANIEL BYRNE
> >Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
> >
> >
> >1 byte seems OK to me.
> >
> >With some simple analysis assuming a circular
> homogeneous network of node
> >count K and a reasonable connectivity C then the
> radius of the network in
> >hops can be derived to be the square root of K/C.
> Which for a network size
> >of 100,000 and a connectivity of 10 gives a hop
> count radius of 100.
> Seeing
> >as a network of size 100,000 will be probably at
> practical limits of size
> >due to performance degradation then I think 1 byte
> may well be enough.
> >
> >hope that helps :-)
> >
> >Rob Cain
> >
> >>if the 
> >>
> >>"AODV routing protocol is designed for mobile ad
> hoc networks
> >>   with populations of tens to thousands of mobile
> nodes"
> >>
> >>why is the HopCount limited to only a BYTE?  This
> effectively limits the
> >number of hops to 255.  Why not expand the hop
> count to two bytes into the
> >reseved region of the RREQ packet.  Something
> similar could be done with
> >the RREP packet as well.
> >>
> >>
> >>_______________________________________________
> >>manet mailing list
> >>manet@ietf.org
> >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >>
> >
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet 

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Cc: manet@ietf.org, "'Peter Pham'" <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [Fwd: Re: [manet] Power Saving in 802.11]
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Hi,

You may want to look for tech specs of Aironet Cisco 340 and 350 series
adapters.
I think 340 allow 4 power levels and 350 six different power levels,
software selectable. I haven't researched how long does a power change
to become effective though.

I think this paper
[http://black1.csl.uiuc.edu/~prkumar/ps_files/compow.pdf] uses these
cards to adapt transmission power level.  They did a real implementation
using Linux. I guess the paper will give you some of the details my
answer is lacking.

Best regards,

Miguel S=E1nchez
Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain

dholmer wrote:

>...
>
>Now for your other question on how feasible is it to control the power
>saving state of an actual NIC card. I haven't had that much experience
>with attempting that yet. The real question is if that functionality is
>available at the driver level, or if it is only a firmware controlled
>feature. A quick search through the Linux open source orinoco driver
>(which actually supports many types of cards) yielded no promising leads=

>for manual power control. However many options for enabling the default
>802.11 PSM and tweaking its parameters were available. In a pinch, it
>may be possible to switch the card in and out of PSM with very long
>beacon intervals, but some in depth experimentation would be necessary
>to test this out.
>
>David Holmer
>
>PS I had trouble locating a link to the Intersil application note. If it=

>has been removed, people can email me directly for a copy.
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>Peter Pham
>Sent: Wednesday, November 05, 2003 8:59 PM
>To: Jean Lorchat; MANET
>Subject: Re: [Fwd: Re: [manet] Power Saving in 802.11]
>
>Hi
>
>I am really interested in the time switch between the ``sleep'' state to=

>
>other state.
>
>By the spec, the turn around time between Tx and Rx must be less than=20
>5micro sec. However it does not state this. I guess it should be in=20
>order of few microsec right ?
>
>Although, it is easily modelled in ns2 or Glomosim, is it feasible in=20
>practice ?...What I mean is is that possible we can control the NIC card=

>
>as that easy ?. For example, can we change the Tx power as any level as =

>we wish at anytime. Can we set the card to sleep mode and turn it back=20
>on at anytime as we wish.
>
>Is there anyone has any info on this...I appreciate some ``real''=20
>knowledge on this.
>
>Cheers
>Peter Pham
>
>Jean Lorchat wrote:
>
> =20
>
>>Hi Justin,
>>
>>   =20
>>
>>>From your conclusion (quick read), it would seem that the first order
>>>     =20
>>>
>
> =20
>
>>>radio model I quoted is reasonably accurate in terms of reception and
>>>     =20
>>>
>
> =20
>
>>>transmission?
>>>     =20
>>>
>>Although these are not my conclusions (I'm not the author), that's=20
>>what it seems.
>>However, I think that John is right when he states that we should=20
>>differenciate
>>so-called idle mode corresponding to "discarding a packet not intended
>>   =20
>>
>
> =20
>
>>to us" and
>>real sleep mode that 802.11 hardware is capable of (namely PSP in=20
>>infrastructures).
>>But knowing this, you must also have a way to use it in adhoc mode=20
>>(and I don't know
>>whether adhoc PSP is a good solution for manets...) ? or do you mean=20
>>MAC modifications ?
>>
>>Jean
>>
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>manet mailing list
>>manet@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>
>>
>>   =20
>>
>
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>
> =20
>



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From: DANIEL BYRNE <daniel.byrne@adtran.com>
To: "'Jitesh Shah'" <jiteshshahin@yahoo.com>, manet@ulfius.com, manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
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Agreed.  A branched chain configuration would be difficult to support with only a BYTE. My point is that although most everyone involved in development and testing of this protocol have envisioned a 'cluster of connected nodes' arrangement, the reality is the sum total of all possible topolgies in a wireless network of this type is potentially limitless.  Limited in effect by only the range of the radios in the network.  How are we to know how some future person or organization will use this protocol?  Will they need the extra BYTE?  Should we place artificial limits on the protocol by purposefully limiting the hop count, address range, etc.?

One solution is the "extensions" field in the latest draft of AODV could potentially provide a means to expand upon the protocol in the future if neccessary.  
http://moment.cs.ucsb.edu/pub/draft-perkins-manet-aodvbis-00.txt



-----Original Message-----
From: Jitesh Shah [mailto:jiteshshahin@yahoo.com]
Sent: Thursday, November 13, 2003 7:36 AM
To: manet@ulfius.com; manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question


Hi,

It depends on how you see the network. If you are
refering to a network which has a CHAIN topology then
the byte used for RREP and RREQ might be way
insignificant. But when you refer to a well connected
network then the byte seems sufficient.

Rgds
Jitesh

 --- Robert Cain <manet@ulfius.com> wrote: >
Connectivity is the number of other nodes each node
> can reach with 1 hop.
> Therefore a connectivity of 10 means there is 10
> nodes that a can reach
> directly. Obviously in an actual network this would
> vary from node to node.
> 
> 
> Rob Cain :-)
> 
> 
> >What does the connectivity parameter specify?  Is
> it saying in 100,000
> nodes only 10 nodes would be connected?
> >
> >-----Original Message-----
> >From: Robert Cain [mailto:tgm@ulfius.com]
> >Sent: Wednesday, November 12, 2003 11:13 AM
> >To: DANIEL BYRNE
> >Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
> >
> >
> >1 byte seems OK to me.
> >
> >With some simple analysis assuming a circular
> homogeneous network of node
> >count K and a reasonable connectivity C then the
> radius of the network in
> >hops can be derived to be the square root of K/C.
> Which for a network size
> >of 100,000 and a connectivity of 10 gives a hop
> count radius of 100.
> Seeing
> >as a network of size 100,000 will be probably at
> practical limits of size
> >due to performance degradation then I think 1 byte
> may well be enough.
> >
> >hope that helps :-)
> >
> >Rob Cain
> >
> >>if the 
> >>
> >>"AODV routing protocol is designed for mobile ad
> hoc networks
> >>   with populations of tens to thousands of mobile
> nodes"
> >>
> >>why is the HopCount limited to only a BYTE?  This
> effectively limits the
> >number of hops to 255.  Why not expand the hop
> count to two bytes into the
> >reseved region of the RREQ packet.  Something
> similar could be done with
> >the RREP packet as well.
> >>
> >>
> >>_______________________________________________
> >>manet mailing list
> >>manet@ietf.org
> >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >>
> >
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet 

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From: Christophe Jelger <jelger@dpt-info.u-strasbg.fr>
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Hi Ryuji,

I'm not saying kernel implementation is complex (actually I don't have 
experience in kernel code), I'm rather saying that such code usually 
requires that a user who wants to install it needs to have some 
knowledge in patching a kernel and stuff like that. Well for people like 
us it is easy to install MIPv6, but for a basic user it requires too 
much effort and I think it can prevent people from using it. I took the 
example of MIPv6, because I think many users would be interested by 
MIPv6, but if installation is too complex people may just give up using it.

I also think MANET is a good example. I you tell basic users that he can 
use MANET functionalities and that it requires very little effort to 
install, then they may use it. If you tell them they need to be network 
specialists to install it then they will probably just forget about it. 
Note that I'm not saying that therefore the research community should 
not propose protocols/ideas/whatever that are complex to setup, this is 
completely different. I was just trying to motivate the fact that we 
decided to avoid the routing header stuff because we want something that 
is simple to develop and install. The main goal there is to propose 
something that can be tried very easily.

Regards,
Christophe

Ryuji Wakikawa wrote:

>I don't know why you concern implementation so much. 
>You should not assume particular OS. 
>
>I don't see any problem to use routing header. We suggested to use it in
>global6 draft. Are you saying that kernel implementation is complex? 
>I disagree with your statement.
>
>ryuji
>
>  
>
>>Hi HyunWook / all,
>>
>>Well I agree when you say that using a routing header maximizes prefix 
>>stability. If we also want to maintain transport layer sessions then we 
>>also need something like your proposal (or MIPv6). I am not opposed to 
>>the use of routing header, in fact I'm mainly worried about the 
>>complexity to write some code that needs to add a routing header. I 
>>guess this has to be kernel code, I don't know if it can written as an 
>>external module or not, and how complex it is for a lambda user to 
>>install such code. If anybode has experienced in writing code with 
>>routing header can give us some hints he is very welcome. ;-)
>>
>>I think MIPv6 is a good example of what I mean : a user that is not 
>>experienced with Linux cannot install it easily. I personaly think that 
>>it can refrain people from using it, mainly because it is too complex to 
>>setup.
>>
>>Note that with our proposal, we can also use routing headers, but 
>>decided not to include it in the draft because we wanted to avoid this 
>>(unknown) complexity (when writing the code). Our proposal (developed by 
>>Arnaud Frey) is already implemented as a (user level) daemon which can 
>>be installed by any user that knows how to use a shell. The code is 
>>still in a debugging state, a few things have to be checked and 
>>validated but a first beta version should be available soon.
>>
>>Christophe
>>
>>HyunWook Cha wrote:
>>
>>    
>>
>>>If the main purpose of maintenance of prefix continuity is to avoid
>>>routing header, I do not agree. IMO, usage of routing header has
>>>following advantages.
>>>- not require prefix continuity, but prefix stability can be maximized.
>>>As long as a node can find route information for a gateway, it can
>>>refresh its address. This can help tranport layer survivability.
>>>- can use the shortest path established by routing protocol. This can
>>>compensate bandwidth consumption caused by routing header  while
>>>traffics can traverse non-optimal paths without routing header.
>>>- ok when intermediate nodes do not want internet connectivity or not
>>>yet configure its global address just after bootstraping. It needs only
>>>route information for a gateway through RREQ and RREP exchange. 
>>>
>>>What do you think about this?
>>>
>>>Regards,
>>>
>>>HyunWook Cha
>>> 
>>>
>>>      
>>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>manet mailing list
>>manet@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>    
>>
>
>regards,
>ryuji
>
>  
>



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Hello

Is AODV paquet encapsulated in IP paquet without any
other data (AODV use udp port 654)? Or, can other data
being in the same IP paquet.

thanks

Redouane



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Hi

AODV use port UDP 654, I ask if AODV paquets are
encapsulated in IP paquet without any other data. Or
is possible to have other data (or other protocols
paquets) in the same IP paquet?

thanks

redouane

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Subject: [manet] OLSR simulation package on OPNET
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I'm looking for simulation package of OLSR on OPNET, preferably implemented
on the latest version of OPNET, v10. Any information is much appreciated!

Li Li

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Subject: Re: [manet] OSPF extensions for manet 
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Tom,

Thank you for your comments.  
See my comments below.

> Richard,
> Embedded are some comments in response.
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Richard Ogier [mailto:ogier@erg.sri.com]
> > Sent: Sunday, November 09, 2003 10:00 PM
> > To: manet@ietf.org
> > Cc: ogier@erg.sri.com
> > Subject: [manet] OSPF extensions for manets
> > 
> > 
> > I would like to offer some comments on:
> > 
> > draft-spagnolo-manet-ospf-wireless-interface-00.txt  
> > 
> > and to compare it with the solution in
> > 
> > http://www.erg.sri.com/projects/tbrpf/docs/draft-ogier-manet-o
> > spf-extension-00.txt
> > 
> > I will refer to these documents as [Spagnolo03] and 
> > [Ogier03], respectively.
> > I am not saying that either of these solutions is better than 
> > the other,
> > and hopefully better solutions (or suggestions for improving 
> > these) will
> > be proposed after the problem statement is accepted.
> > 
> > The draft [Spagnolo03] extends OSPF to manet interfaces by 
> > using the MPR
> > flooding mechanism of OSPF to flood LSAs.  I.e., it proposes to list
> > MPRs in Hello messages, and to disseminate LSAs using unreliable,
> > periodic flooding via MPRs.
> > 
> > Most of my comments can be grouped into the following three questions:
> > 
> > 1. Are MPRs the best choice for the relay nodes used for 
> > flooding LSAs?
> > 2. Is it better to use reliable vs. unreliable flooding of LSAs?
> > 3. Should we try to minimize the changes to OSPF?
> > 
> > I will discuss the third question first. It seems to me that 
> > minimizing
> > the changes to OSPF would make the extension more acceptable 
> > to the OSPF
> > working group.  For example, as discussed below and in 
> > [Ogier03], it is
> > possible to avoid introducing any new packet formats, e.g., to use the
> > existing format for OSPF Hello packets, and to avoid introducing a new
> > flooding mechanism that requires a new sequence number for suppressing
> > duplicates, etc.  OSPF already has a mechanism for suppressing
> > duplicates during flooding, and it is possible to use this mechanism.
> 
> While it seems like minimizing changes to OSPF is an agreed goal, I
> guess we have different views of this.  We decided not to change the
> LSA format at all, but we did adopt some new message types.  But is
> this really a big deal?  I would argue that even in your proposal,
> you are using (overloading) a new message type for Hello because you 
> are redefining the semantics of the DR field.  Also, you have proposed
> changes (sequence numbers) to LSR messages.

It might not be a big deal, but I don't think the OSPF working group
would want to add more new message types or formats than necessary.
If you propose to add message types or change formats, I think you
need to justify that it is necessary.
Thus, redefining "designated router" to be an overlapping relay
is much less of a change than defining a new Hello 
format that advertises MPRs.
In fact, we can even use the term "designated router" to 
refer to "overlapping relays".  Thus, a manet can have
several DRs. 

Also, it might not be justified to add a new message type for
flooding if it is possible to use the existing OSPF mechanism
for detecting duplicates (based on LSA sequence number),
as I have proposed to do.

The differential LSAs that I proposed are optional.  
The protocol would work well without them, but using them
can greatly reduce overhead.  Therefore, adding this
new message format is justified.

> 
> The LSF is identical to an LSU but with the flooding sequence number.  
> We are not saying that we believe LSF to be the best possible approach 
> to flooding, but we are saying that it was straightforward to implement.
> 
> However, differential LSAs do represent a departure from OSPF database
> formats and the logic of handling/parsing LSAs when doing SPFs (unless
> differential LSAs are converted to regular LSAs upon reception).  We
> were able to avoid touching any of this part of the implementation.
> One also has to consider that conventional LSAs are needed to be 
> circulated outside of the wireless network if it is to interoperate 
> with legacy routers.
> 
> If a wireless-optimized flooding algorithm is devised that does not 
> require a flooding sequence number, so much the better, but this
> is not a big concern in my view.  I haven't seen a proposal yet that
> didn't change how flooding is done in some manner (whether using a LSF
> message or redefining database description, etc.).

What I am proposing, using a CDS (or overlapping relays)
with reliable flooding, avoids using a LSF, and I think
this is as close as we can get to OSPF.
Of course, some changes are necessary, but I am talking about
minimizing the changes.  

(snip)

> I agree that CDS vs. self-selected MPRs vs. OLSR-style MPRs can be
> looked at further.  However, I am not convinced that there will be
> huge gains one way or the other.  One argument against CDS or other
> solutions for global relay sets, which might be relevant for some 
environments is that it might end up concentrating transmission 
> (battery consumption) among fewer nodes.  We chose OLSR-style 

This is a good point that I have thought about.
Do MPRs *ensure* that traffic concentration is avoided?
Or is it possible that the same node will tend to be 
an MPR for many neighbors, so that traffic will still 
be concentrated at the few nodes that are MPRs.
(And if MPRs are more spread out, then I argue that this
will result in more redundancy in flooding, but this 
needs to be investigated using simulations.)

With a CDS, we know exactly where traffic is concentrated
(at the CDS nodes).  So, by dynamically changing the
router priority (i.e., the priority for being selected
as a DR), we can dynamically change the CDS in a controlled
manner, and thus fairly distribute the battery consumption
among all nodes.  There are papers that talk about this.

I will end here, but you have some good comments below that
we can discuss later.

Regards,
Richard

> MPRs because the MANET group has already selected it as an appropriate 
> flooding optimization for MANETs, and the code was readily available.  
> 
> > The solution described in [Spagnolo03] uses unreliable, periodic
> > flooding, which is quite different from the OSPF flooding mechanism,
> > and requires a new packet type (LSF) that includes a new sequence
> > number used to detect duplicates.  
> > 
> > The solution described in [Ogier03] uses a reliable flooding mechanism
> > that does not require a new packet type, and uses the same 
> > mechanism as
> > OSPF to detect duplicates (based on the LSA sequence number in the
> > database). This flooding mechanism makes efficient use of the Database
> > Description (DD) and LS Request packets already defined in OSPF.  
> > Instead of each node exchanging DD packets separately with each new
> > neighbor, each relay node (e.g., CDS node) periodically broadcasts
> > to its neighbors (on each manet interface) a set of DD packets, which
> > describes the set of LSAs that it is currently responsible for
> > reporting (by including the LSA headers with sequence numbers).
> > This is similar to the periodic Complete Sequence Numbers 
> > (CSN) packets
> > of IS-IS. If a node i detects via a DD packet that a neighbor 
> > CDS node j
> > has a more recent instance of some LSA, then node i can 
> > request the LSA
> > by sending a LS Request packet to j.  More details can be found in
> > [Ogier03] (link given above), including an option for 
> > differential LSAs.
> 
> There are two issues here:  whether to flood reliably vs. unreliably, 
> and whether to devise some concise representation of databases
> so that neighbors can make sure that they are in sync.  You have
> a proposal that combines the two, and it deserves more thought.
> 
> We implemented an unreliable flooding and did not use database
> exchange.  Obviously, as Fred pointed out, there are scalability
> implications to unreliable flooding.  Perhaps these can be addressed
> by having an adaptive flooding interval that is tuned to the amount
> of local topology change going on-- perhaps the best approach is to
> use some reliability.  But we did find that the performance implications 
> on routing were not significant-- forwarding based on the imperfect
> information did as well as legacy OSPFv2 forwarding.
> 
> We have been considering augmenting the unreliable flooding with a 
> reliable flooding mechanism to deal with events like Max Aging of 
> LSAs (which aren't lingering around to be periodically reflooded).
> 
> So in summary, I think that this issue needs to be looked at some
> more from a bandwidth efficiency perspective, but we have observed
> that the imperfect information does not generally impact the route
> selection performance.
> 
> > 
> > As I mentioned, I am not saying that this is the best solution.
> > It is only work in progress, and hopefully other solutions will
> > be proposed.  There are many choices to make, such as whether
> > to use a CDS, and if so, what algorithm to use.  
> > Comments and suggestions are welcome.
> > 
> 
> Agreed-- I just hope that we are not too harshly criticized for
> adapting what has already been approved as an RFC by this group
> to the problem at hand, building an implementation, finding
> that it performed fairly well, and putting it on the table for
> discussion.  
> 
> I also would like the group to consider that there is a new
> dimension to this problem.  Not only are we concerned about
> efficiency in the MANET environment itself, but we also have
> to worry about how this glues into the rest of the OSPF network,
> particularly if the wireless network is a transit subnet.
> We have to worry about i) the possibility of hundreds or thousands
> of external LSAs being injected into the wireless network, and 
> ii) how to potentially mask a rapidly changing wireless environment
> so that the rest of the OSPF network is not flooded with lots of
> LSAs.  My feeling is that solutions to these issues will trump
> issues like MPRs vs. CDS and the like.
> 
> Tom

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From: "Robert Cain" <manet@ulfius.com>
Reply-to: manet@ulfius.com
To: manet@ietf.org
Date: Thu, 13 Nov 2003 20:12:48 +0000
Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
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I also agree, the single byte could well be inadequate for a chain
configured network which was carrying small amounts of data. 
However in such chain networks where hop counts are exceeding the limit set
by use of the byte then unless the network was unusually stable the routes
would be continually failing due to the high hop count. In such a network
AODV is not the best way to route packets. If the network was very stable
and resembled a fixed link network then perhaps something like OLSR would
be more appropriate than AODV.

Rob Cain


>Agreed.  A branched chain configuration would be difficult to support with
only a BYTE. My point is that although most everyone involved in
development and testing of this protocol have envisioned a 'cluster of
connected nodes' arrangement, the reality is the sum total of all possible
topolgies in a wireless network of this type is potentially limitless. 
Limited in effect by only the range of the radios in the network.  How are
we to know how some future person or organization will use this protocol? 
Will they need the extra BYTE?  Should we place artificial limits on the
protocol by purposefully limiting the hop count, address range, etc.?
>
>One solution is the "extensions" field in the latest draft of AODV could
potentially provide a means to expand upon the protocol in the future if
neccessary.  
>http://moment.cs.ucsb.edu/pub/draft-perkins-manet-aodvbis-00.txt
>
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Jitesh Shah [mailto:jiteshshahin@yahoo.com]
>Sent: Thursday, November 13, 2003 7:36 AM
>To: manet@ulfius.com; manet@ietf.org
>Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
>
>
>Hi,
>
>It depends on how you see the network. If you are
>refering to a network which has a CHAIN topology then
>the byte used for RREP and RREQ might be way
>insignificant. But when you refer to a well connected
>network then the byte seems sufficient.
>
>Rgds
>Jitesh
>
> --- Robert Cain <manet@ulfius.com> wrote: >
>Connectivity is the number of other nodes each node
>> can reach with 1 hop.
>> Therefore a connectivity of 10 means there is 10
>> nodes that a can reach
>> directly. Obviously in an actual network this would
>> vary from node to node.
>> 
>> 
>> Rob Cain :-)
>> 
>> 
>> >What does the connectivity parameter specify?  Is
>> it saying in 100,000
>> nodes only 10 nodes would be connected?
>> >
>> >-----Original Message-----
>> >From: Robert Cain [mailto:tgm@ulfius.com]
>> >Sent: Wednesday, November 12, 2003 11:13 AM
>> >To: DANIEL BYRNE
>> >Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
>> >
>> >
>> >1 byte seems OK to me.
>> >
>> >With some simple analysis assuming a circular
>> homogeneous network of node
>> >count K and a reasonable connectivity C then the
>> radius of the network in
>> >hops can be derived to be the square root of K/C.
>> Which for a network size
>> >of 100,000 and a connectivity of 10 gives a hop
>> count radius of 100.
>> Seeing
>> >as a network of size 100,000 will be probably at
>> practical limits of size
>> >due to performance degradation then I think 1 byte
>> may well be enough.
>> >
>> >hope that helps :-)
>> >
>> >Rob Cain
>> >
>> >>if the 
>> >>
>> >>"AODV routing protocol is designed for mobile ad
>> hoc networks
>> >>   with populations of tens to thousands of mobile
>> nodes"
>> >>
>> >>why is the HopCount limited to only a BYTE?  This
>> effectively limits the
>> >number of hops to 255.  Why not expand the hop
>> count to two bytes into the
>> >reseved region of the RREQ packet.  Something
>> similar could be done with
>> >the RREP packet as well.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>_______________________________________________
>> >>manet mailing list
>> >>manet@ietf.org
>> >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>> >>
>> >
>> 
>> _______________________________________________
>> manet mailing list
>> manet@ietf.org
>> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet 
>
>________________________________________________________________________
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From: "HyunWook Cha" <jafy@etri.re.kr>
To: "'Christophe Jelger'" <jelger@dpt-info.u-strasbg.fr>,
        "'manet'" <manet@ietf.org>
Cc: "???????" <autonet@ipv6.or.kr>
Subject: RE: [manet] Comment on manet gateway autoconf draft.
Date: Thu, 13 Nov 2003 15:28:28 -0600
Organization: ETRI
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Hello, Christoph.

I think that you should consider performance rather than complextity of
installation.
As I mentioned before, a manet node do not have to worry about prefix
continuity (which can be harmful in manet) by using routing header.
That is, upper layer sessions will keep forwarding as long as route for
the target gateway can be found.

Although installation procedure is very simple and easy to use, bad
performance will be accepted by users. I think that it is ok if kernel
implemenation does not require kernel patch and its form is a module.
Again, think the performance at first.

HyunWook Cha


> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Christophe Jelger
> Sent: Thursday, November 13, 2003 11:07 AM
> To: manet
> Subject: Re: [manet] Comment on manet gateway autoconf draft.
> 
> 
> 
> Hi Ryuji,
> 
> I'm not saying kernel implementation is complex (actually I 
> don't have 
> experience in kernel code), I'm rather saying that such code usually 
> requires that a user who wants to install it needs to have some 
> knowledge in patching a kernel and stuff like that. Well for 
> people like 
> us it is easy to install MIPv6, but for a basic user it requires too 
> much effort and I think it can prevent people from using it. 
> I took the 
> example of MIPv6, because I think many users would be interested by 
> MIPv6, but if installation is too complex people may just 
> give up using it.
> 
> I also think MANET is a good example. I you tell basic users 
> that he can 
> use MANET functionalities and that it requires very little effort to 
> install, then they may use it. If you tell them they need to 
> be network 
> specialists to install it then they will probably just forget 
> about it. 
> Note that I'm not saying that therefore the research community should 
> not propose protocols/ideas/whatever that are complex to 
> setup, this is 
> completely different. I was just trying to motivate the fact that we 
> decided to avoid the routing header stuff because we want 
> something that 
> is simple to develop and install. The main goal there is to propose 
> something that can be tried very easily.
> 
> Regards,
> Christophe
> 
> Ryuji Wakikawa wrote:
> 
> >I don't know why you concern implementation so much. 
> >You should not assume particular OS. 
> >
> >I don't see any problem to use routing header. We suggested 
> to use it in
> >global6 draft. Are you saying that kernel implementation is complex? 
> >I disagree with your statement.
> >
> >ryuji


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Subject: [manet] MANET
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 Hi,

Does anyone know if I can get any introductory books on MANET?=20
=20
=20
=20
Regards,
=A0
Lim Wee Seng
=A0

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<br><font size=3D2 face=3D"sans-serif"><br>
</font><font size=3D2 face=3D"Microsoft Sans Serif"> Hi,</font>
<br>
<br><font size=3D2 face=3D"Microsoft Sans Serif">Does anyone know if I can =
get any introductory books on MANET? </font>
<br><font size=3D2 face=3D"Microsoft Sans Serif">&nbsp;</font>
<br><font size=3D2 face=3D"Microsoft Sans Serif">&nbsp;</font>
<br><font size=3D2 face=3D"Microsoft Sans Serif">&nbsp;</font>
<br><font size=3D2 face=3D"Microsoft Sans Serif">Regards,</font>
<br><font size=3D2 face=3D"Microsoft Sans Serif">=A0</font>
<br><font size=3D2 face=3D"Microsoft Sans Serif">Lim Wee Seng</font>
<br><font size=3D1 color=3D#000080 face=3D"Arial">=A0</font>
<br>
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From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Jitesh=20Shah?= <jiteshshahin@yahoo.com>
Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
To: DANIEL BYRNE <daniel.byrne@adtran.com>, manet@ulfius.com, manet@ietf.org
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Hi Daniel,

I completely agree with you when you suggest that one
must take care of the future needs when we are in the
development stage. 

We might have to face a situation in the real life
when we might actually need more than a byte. The
things being in development stage, I believe perhaps
this is the right time to incorporate the changes
rather than evolving with AODV 1.1 at a later stage
:-)

Rgds
Jitesh



 --- DANIEL BYRNE <daniel.byrne@adtran.com> wrote: >
Agreed.  A branched chain configuration would be
> difficult to support with only a BYTE. My point is
> that although most everyone involved in development
> and testing of this protocol have envisioned a
> 'cluster of connected nodes' arrangement, the
> reality is the sum total of all possible topolgies
> in a wireless network of this type is potentially
> limitless.  Limited in effect by only the range of
> the radios in the network.  How are we to know how
> some future person or organization will use this
> protocol?  Will they need the extra BYTE?  Should we
> place artificial limits on the protocol by
> purposefully limiting the hop count, address range,
> etc.?
> 
> One solution is the "extensions" field in the latest
> draft of AODV could potentially provide a means to
> expand upon the protocol in the future if
> neccessary.  
>
http://moment.cs.ucsb.edu/pub/draft-perkins-manet-aodvbis-00.txt
> 
> 
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jitesh Shah [mailto:jiteshshahin@yahoo.com]
> Sent: Thursday, November 13, 2003 7:36 AM
> To: manet@ulfius.com; manet@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> It depends on how you see the network. If you are
> refering to a network which has a CHAIN topology
> then
> the byte used for RREP and RREQ might be way
> insignificant. But when you refer to a well
> connected
> network then the byte seems sufficient.
> 
> Rgds
> Jitesh
> 
>  --- Robert Cain <manet@ulfius.com> wrote: >
> Connectivity is the number of other nodes each node
> > can reach with 1 hop.
> > Therefore a connectivity of 10 means there is 10
> > nodes that a can reach
> > directly. Obviously in an actual network this
> would
> > vary from node to node.
> > 
> > 
> > Rob Cain :-)
> > 
> > 
> > >What does the connectivity parameter specify?  Is
> > it saying in 100,000
> > nodes only 10 nodes would be connected?
> > >
> > >-----Original Message-----
> > >From: Robert Cain [mailto:tgm@ulfius.com]
> > >Sent: Wednesday, November 12, 2003 11:13 AM
> > >To: DANIEL BYRNE
> > >Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
> > >
> > >
> > >1 byte seems OK to me.
> > >
> > >With some simple analysis assuming a circular
> > homogeneous network of node
> > >count K and a reasonable connectivity C then the
> > radius of the network in
> > >hops can be derived to be the square root of K/C.
> > Which for a network size
> > >of 100,000 and a connectivity of 10 gives a hop
> > count radius of 100.
> > Seeing
> > >as a network of size 100,000 will be probably at
> > practical limits of size
> > >due to performance degradation then I think 1
> byte
> > may well be enough.
> > >
> > >hope that helps :-)
> > >
> > >Rob Cain
> > >
> > >>if the 
> > >>
> > >>"AODV routing protocol is designed for mobile ad
> > hoc networks
> > >>   with populations of tens to thousands of
> mobile
> > nodes"
> > >>
> > >>why is the HopCount limited to only a BYTE? 
> This
> > effectively limits the
> > >number of hops to 255.  Why not expand the hop
> > count to two bytes into the
> > >reseved region of the RREQ packet.  Something
> > similar could be done with
> > >the RREP packet as well.
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>_______________________________________________
> > >>manet mailing list
> > >>manet@ietf.org
> > >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > >>
> > >
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet 
> 
>
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Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2003 09:28:51 +0100
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Subject: Re: [manet] Comment on manet gateway autoconf draft.
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Hi again,

Well actually I don't agree with your statement when you say that prefix 
continuity can be harmful ... harmful to what ? Moreover I also disagree 
when you say "bad performance" as I don't think prefix continuity would 
lead to bad peformance, I mean in terms of packet delay for example. In 
contrast I agree that if we want to maximize prefix stability then 
routing might be sub-optimal. Again if we don't care about prefix 
stability (prefix continuity is inherent to the protocol), then routing 
would be optimal (a node finds the closest gateway), and transport layer 
sessions can be maintained with MIPv6.

Actually I think it is good to have different solutions/proposals, they 
can be compared and if implementations are available one can choose one 
or another. Well I don't really know if this address autoconfiguration 
stuff is being discussed at the IETF meeting (I could not go there), but 
if it does not become a MANET objective we won't have to bother about 
finding the best solution.

Regards,
Christophe

HyunWook Cha wrote:

>Hello, Christoph.
>
>I think that you should consider performance rather than complextity of
>installation.
>As I mentioned before, a manet node do not have to worry about prefix
>continuity (which can be harmful in manet) by using routing header.
>That is, upper layer sessions will keep forwarding as long as route for
>the target gateway can be found.
>
>Although installation procedure is very simple and easy to use, bad
>performance will be accepted by users. I think that it is ok if kernel
>implemenation does not require kernel patch and its form is a module.
>Again, think the performance at first.
>
>HyunWook Cha
>
>
>  
>
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On 
>>Behalf Of Christophe Jelger
>>Sent: Thursday, November 13, 2003 11:07 AM
>>To: manet
>>Subject: Re: [manet] Comment on manet gateway autoconf draft.
>>
>>
>>
>>Hi Ryuji,
>>
>>I'm not saying kernel implementation is complex (actually I 
>>don't have 
>>experience in kernel code), I'm rather saying that such code usually 
>>requires that a user who wants to install it needs to have some 
>>knowledge in patching a kernel and stuff like that. Well for 
>>people like 
>>us it is easy to install MIPv6, but for a basic user it requires too 
>>much effort and I think it can prevent people from using it. 
>>I took the 
>>example of MIPv6, because I think many users would be interested by 
>>MIPv6, but if installation is too complex people may just 
>>give up using it.
>>
>>I also think MANET is a good example. I you tell basic users 
>>that he can 
>>use MANET functionalities and that it requires very little effort to 
>>install, then they may use it. If you tell them they need to 
>>be network 
>>specialists to install it then they will probably just forget 
>>about it. 
>>Note that I'm not saying that therefore the research community should 
>>not propose protocols/ideas/whatever that are complex to 
>>setup, this is 
>>completely different. I was just trying to motivate the fact that we 
>>decided to avoid the routing header stuff because we want 
>>something that 
>>is simple to develop and install. The main goal there is to propose 
>>something that can be tried very easily.
>>
>>Regards,
>>Christophe
>>
>>Ryuji Wakikawa wrote:
>>
>>    
>>
>>>I don't know why you concern implementation so much. 
>>>You should not assume particular OS. 
>>>
>>>I don't see any problem to use routing header. We suggested 
>>>      
>>>
>>to use it in
>>    
>>
>>>global6 draft. Are you saying that kernel implementation is complex? 
>>>I disagree with your statement.
>>>
>>>ryuji
>>>      
>>>
>
>  
>



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CC: DANIEL BYRNE <daniel.byrne@adtran.com>, manet@ulfius.com, manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
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Hello everybody,

I tried to ignore this thread from the beginning because I have better 
things to do. But now I cannot help it. ;)

1) IPv4 headers have a 8-bit field called TTL (Time To Live).
("TTL (time to live): each router must decrement by 1 and discard if 
zero. Also decrement if router holds for longer than 1 sec.")

2) IPv6 headers have a 8-bit field called Hop Limit.
("hop limit (8 bit): Decremented by one by each node that forwards the 
packet. When the hop limit field reaches zero, the packet is discarded.")

3) AODV is a UDP protocol. So The AODV message goes wrapped in an IP 
header. Even if AODV message would have a bigger hop count, the IP 
packet has only a 8-bit field. Therefore, it will die after the 255 hops.

4) Point number 3 is not a big problem since I have seen some AODV 
implementations that reset IP's TTL or Hop Limit to 255 at each hop. 
Anyway, once the route is constructed, when you would send the data, the 
IP packets would die before reaching the final destination. (Yep, at the 
255 hops :) ) (And there is no much point in to constructing a route 
that cannot be used ;) ).


Regards,

	Manel Guerrero Zapata

P.D.: This is my new email address. The previous one:
(Manel.Guerrero-Zapata@nokia.com) does not work anymore.


Jitesh Shah wrote:
> Hi Daniel,
> 
> I completely agree with you when you suggest that one
> must take care of the future needs when we are in the
> development stage. 
> 
> We might have to face a situation in the real life
> when we might actually need more than a byte. The
> things being in development stage, I believe perhaps
> this is the right time to incorporate the changes
> rather than evolving with AODV 1.1 at a later stage
> :-)
> 
> Rgds
> Jitesh
> 
> 
> 
>  --- DANIEL BYRNE <daniel.byrne@adtran.com> wrote: >
> Agreed.  A branched chain configuration would be
> 
>>difficult to support with only a BYTE. My point is
>>that although most everyone involved in development
>>and testing of this protocol have envisioned a
>>'cluster of connected nodes' arrangement, the
>>reality is the sum total of all possible topolgies
>>in a wireless network of this type is potentially
>>limitless.  Limited in effect by only the range of
>>the radios in the network.  How are we to know how
>>some future person or organization will use this
>>protocol?  Will they need the extra BYTE?  Should we
>>place artificial limits on the protocol by
>>purposefully limiting the hop count, address range,
>>etc.?
>>
>>One solution is the "extensions" field in the latest
>>draft of AODV could potentially provide a means to
>>expand upon the protocol in the future if
>>neccessary.  
>>
> 
> http://moment.cs.ucsb.edu/pub/draft-perkins-manet-aodvbis-00.txt
> 
>>
>>
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: Jitesh Shah [mailto:jiteshshahin@yahoo.com]
>>Sent: Thursday, November 13, 2003 7:36 AM
>>To: manet@ulfius.com; manet@ietf.org
>>Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
>>
>>
>>Hi,
>>
>>It depends on how you see the network. If you are
>>refering to a network which has a CHAIN topology
>>then
>>the byte used for RREP and RREQ might be way
>>insignificant. But when you refer to a well
>>connected
>>network then the byte seems sufficient.
>>
>>Rgds
>>Jitesh
>>
>> --- Robert Cain <manet@ulfius.com> wrote: >
>>Connectivity is the number of other nodes each node
>>
>>>can reach with 1 hop.
>>>Therefore a connectivity of 10 means there is 10
>>>nodes that a can reach
>>>directly. Obviously in an actual network this
>>
>>would
>>
>>>vary from node to node.
>>>
>>>
>>>Rob Cain :-)
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>>What does the connectivity parameter specify?  Is
>>>
>>>it saying in 100,000
>>>nodes only 10 nodes would be connected?
>>>
>>>>-----Original Message-----
>>>>From: Robert Cain [mailto:tgm@ulfius.com]
>>>>Sent: Wednesday, November 12, 2003 11:13 AM
>>>>To: DANIEL BYRNE
>>>>Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>1 byte seems OK to me.
>>>>
>>>>With some simple analysis assuming a circular
>>>
>>>homogeneous network of node
>>>
>>>>count K and a reasonable connectivity C then the
>>>
>>>radius of the network in
>>>
>>>>hops can be derived to be the square root of K/C.
>>>
>>>Which for a network size
>>>
>>>>of 100,000 and a connectivity of 10 gives a hop
>>>
>>>count radius of 100.
>>>Seeing
>>>
>>>>as a network of size 100,000 will be probably at
>>>
>>>practical limits of size
>>>
>>>>due to performance degradation then I think 1
>>
>>byte
>>
>>>may well be enough.
>>>
>>>>hope that helps :-)
>>>>
>>>>Rob Cain
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>if the 
>>>>>
>>>>>"AODV routing protocol is designed for mobile ad
>>>
>>>hoc networks
>>>
>>>>>  with populations of tens to thousands of
>>
>>mobile
>>
>>>nodes"
>>>
>>>>>why is the HopCount limited to only a BYTE? 
>>
>>This
>>
>>>effectively limits the
>>>
>>>>number of hops to 255.  Why not expand the hop
>>>
>>>count to two bytes into the
>>>
>>>>reseved region of the RREQ packet.  Something
>>>
>>>similar could be done with
>>>
>>>>the RREP packet as well.
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>_______________________________________________
>>>>>manet mailing list
>>>>>manet@ietf.org
>>>>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>_______________________________________________
>>>manet mailing list
>>>manet@ietf.org
>>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet 
>>
>>
> ________________________________________________________________________
> 
>>Yahoo! India Mobile: Download the latest polyphonic
>>ringtones.
>>Go to http://in.mobile.yahoo.com
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>manet mailing list
>>manet@ietf.org
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> 
> 
> ________________________________________________________________________
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> Go to http://in.mobile.yahoo.com
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To: DANIEL BYRNE <daniel.byrne@adtran.com>
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
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On Wed, Nov 12, 2003 at 10:35:10AM -0600, DANIEL BYRNE wrote:
> if the 
> 
> "AODV routing protocol is designed for mobile ad hoc networks
>    with populations of tens to thousands of mobile nodes"
> 
> why is the HopCount limited to only a BYTE?  This effectively limits
> the number of hops to 255.  Why not expand the hop count to two
> bytes into the reseved region of the RREQ packet.  Something similar
> could be done with the RREP packet as well.

Hello Daniel,

This limitation is already inherent in the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols
(IPv4 Time To Live is 8bits and IPv6 Hop Limit is 8bits).  AODV
doesn't restrict it any further.  I see no point extending the AODV
Hop Limit field.


Regards,

Antti

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From: "Edwin Chan" <yiu.chan@imperial.ac.uk>
To: <manet@ietf.org>
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Hi all

A similar question appeared some while ago but I haven't seen any reply. So
I'll repeat here.

Is there any algorithm for estimating or predicting end-to-end delay in a
manet? Also how wrong is that if I say the delay is proportional to the hop
count of a path?

Thanks in advance.

Edwin


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Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
From: Erik =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Nordstr=F6m?= <erik.nordstrom@it.uu.se>
To: Jitesh Shah <jiteshshahin@yahoo.com>
Cc: DANIEL BYRNE <daniel.byrne@adtran.com>, manet@ulfius.com, manet@ietf.org
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Why would anyone want to flood an ad hoc 255 hops away? Maybe an even
more important question is, would that route be usable? I think not...
Only extremely large ad hoc networks would have a radius of 255 hops
unless they are very stretched out. Besides, as people have already
pointed out, the IP ttl is already an 8-bit field.

cheers,

Erik

On Fri, 2003-11-14 at 05:25, Jitesh Shah wrote:
> Hi Daniel,
> 
> I completely agree with you when you suggest that one
> must take care of the future needs when we are in the
> development stage. 
> 
> We might have to face a situation in the real life
> when we might actually need more than a byte. The
> things being in development stage, I believe perhaps
> this is the right time to incorporate the changes
> rather than evolving with AODV 1.1 at a later stage
> :-)
> 
> Rgds
> Jitesh
> 
> 
> 
>  --- DANIEL BYRNE <daniel.byrne@adtran.com> wrote: >
> Agreed.  A branched chain configuration would be
> > difficult to support with only a BYTE. My point is
> > that although most everyone involved in development
> > and testing of this protocol have envisioned a
> > 'cluster of connected nodes' arrangement, the
> > reality is the sum total of all possible topolgies
> > in a wireless network of this type is potentially
> > limitless.  Limited in effect by only the range of
> > the radios in the network.  How are we to know how
> > some future person or organization will use this
> > protocol?  Will they need the extra BYTE?  Should we
> > place artificial limits on the protocol by
> > purposefully limiting the hop count, address range,
> > etc.?
> > 
> > One solution is the "extensions" field in the latest
> > draft of AODV could potentially provide a means to
> > expand upon the protocol in the future if
> > neccessary.  
> >
> http://moment.cs.ucsb.edu/pub/draft-perkins-manet-aodvbis-00.txt
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Jitesh Shah [mailto:jiteshshahin@yahoo.com]
> > Sent: Thursday, November 13, 2003 7:36 AM
> > To: manet@ulfius.com; manet@ietf.org
> > Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
> > 
> > 
> > Hi,
> > 
> > It depends on how you see the network. If you are
> > refering to a network which has a CHAIN topology
> > then
> > the byte used for RREP and RREQ might be way
> > insignificant. But when you refer to a well
> > connected
> > network then the byte seems sufficient.
> > 
> > Rgds
> > Jitesh
> > 
> >  --- Robert Cain <manet@ulfius.com> wrote: >
> > Connectivity is the number of other nodes each node
> > > can reach with 1 hop.
> > > Therefore a connectivity of 10 means there is 10
> > > nodes that a can reach
> > > directly. Obviously in an actual network this
> > would
> > > vary from node to node.
> > > 
> > > 
> > > Rob Cain :-)
> > > 
> > > 
> > > >What does the connectivity parameter specify?  Is
> > > it saying in 100,000
> > > nodes only 10 nodes would be connected?
> > > >
> > > >-----Original Message-----
> > > >From: Robert Cain [mailto:tgm@ulfius.com]
> > > >Sent: Wednesday, November 12, 2003 11:13 AM
> > > >To: DANIEL BYRNE
> > > >Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >1 byte seems OK to me.
> > > >
> > > >With some simple analysis assuming a circular
> > > homogeneous network of node
> > > >count K and a reasonable connectivity C then the
> > > radius of the network in
> > > >hops can be derived to be the square root of K/C.
> > > Which for a network size
> > > >of 100,000 and a connectivity of 10 gives a hop
> > > count radius of 100.
> > > Seeing
> > > >as a network of size 100,000 will be probably at
> > > practical limits of size
> > > >due to performance degradation then I think 1
> > byte
> > > may well be enough.
> > > >
> > > >hope that helps :-)
> > > >
> > > >Rob Cain
> > > >
> > > >>if the 
> > > >>
> > > >>"AODV routing protocol is designed for mobile ad
> > > hoc networks
> > > >>   with populations of tens to thousands of
> > mobile
> > > nodes"
> > > >>
> > > >>why is the HopCount limited to only a BYTE? 
> > This
> > > effectively limits the
> > > >number of hops to 255.  Why not expand the hop
> > > count to two bytes into the
> > > >reseved region of the RREQ packet.  Something
> > > similar could be done with
> > > >the RREP packet as well.
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > >>_______________________________________________
> > > >>manet mailing list
> > > >>manet@ietf.org
> > > >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > > >>
> > > >
> > > 
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > manet mailing list
> > > manet@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > 
> >
> ________________________________________________________________________
> > Yahoo! India Mobile: Download the latest polyphonic
> > ringtones.
> > Go to http://in.mobile.yahoo.com
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> 
> ________________________________________________________________________
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> Go to http://in.mobile.yahoo.com
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From: Antti Tuominen <anttit@tcs.hut.fi>
Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2003 12:47:04 +0200
To: redouane <redouane43@yahoo.fr>
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] AODV paquet
Message-ID: <20031114104700.GB9240@rhea.tcs.hut.fi>
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On Thu, Nov 13, 2003 at 08:29:44PM +0100, redouane wrote:
> Hi
> 
> AODV use port UDP 654, I ask if AODV paquets are
> encapsulated in IP paquet without any other data. Or
> is possible to have other data (or other protocols
> paquets) in the same IP paquet?

Hello Redouane,

No, you can't send any other data in the AODV control message packet.
UDP is a final protocol, and you can't put two final protocols in one
packet.  If you use something like the Hop-By-Hop flooding stuff,
mentioned in AODV for IPv6 draft, you can have any final protocol in
the packet.  There also is (or was?) a draft about including more than
one final protocol in one IP packet.

Regards,

Antti

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Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
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See now I can't help myself either ;-)


On Friday, Nov 14, 2003, at 10:40 Europe/London, Erik Nordstr=F6m wrote:

> Why would anyone want to flood an ad hoc 255 hops away?

I presume you mean why would anyone want to communicate with a node
255 hops away.
I don't think it is in the realm of science fiction to envisage much=20
larger networks
using MANET technology (such as those envisaged in pervasive or=20
ubiquitous
computing scenarios).
I know you disagree on this by the way as I was there for the=20
presentation of
your very good paper at PWC arguing this point*.
However, it can be argued that the uses of ad hoc networking technology=20=

can be
envisaged to extend beyond the current focus of extending the reach of=20=

base
stations and for use in laptops and PDAs. There is an argument (which I=20=

hear
_alot_ from non-MANET people) which goes, why try to do this, surely=20
soon
the world will be one big hotspot?

*
C. Tschudin, H. Lundgren, E. Nordstr=F6m,
"Embedding MANETs in the Real World",
PWC 2003, Venice ITALY


> Maybe an even
> more important question is, would that route be usable? I think not...
> Only extremely large ad hoc networks would have a radius of 255 hops
> unless they are very stretched out. Besides, as people have already
> pointed out, the IP ttl is already an 8-bit field.

On the above we totally agree.

Cheers,

Einar

----------------------------------------
Einar Vollset
PhD Student
School of Computing Science
University of Newcastle, UK
http://vollset.org
-----------------------------------------=


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Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
From: Erik =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Nordstr=F6m?= <erik.nordstrom@it.uu.se>
To: Einar Vollset <einar.vollset@ncl.ac.uk>
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On Fri, 2003-11-14 at 12:07, Einar Vollset wrote:
> See now I can't help myself either ;-)
>=20
>=20
> On Friday, Nov 14, 2003, at 10:40 Europe/London, Erik Nordstr=C3=B6m wr=
ote:
>=20
> > Why would anyone want to flood an ad hoc 255 hops away?
>=20
> I presume you mean why would anyone want to communicate with a node
> 255 hops away.
> I don't think it is in the realm of science fiction to envisage much=20
> larger networks
> using MANET technology (such as those envisaged in pervasive or=20
> ubiquitous
> computing scenarios).

Then the question would be whether you would use AODV in such a scenario
or some specialized protocol? If we are assuming science fiction
scenarios, can't we also assume that there will be some science fiction
technology available at that time that works much better than today's
AODV would?

I think it is hard enough to design for a 100 node network...

BR

Erik



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I forgot about the IPv4 TTL.  Good point.  Sounds like the limitations in AODV goes beyond what can be fixed within the protocol itself.

However, to the point that "who would want to connect to a station 255 hops away?"  well I would, but maybe not with AODV.



-----Original Message-----
From: Manel Guerrero [mailto:manel.guerrero@upf.edu]
Sent: Friday, November 14, 2003 4:23 AM
To: Jitesh Shah
Cc: DANIEL BYRNE; manet@ulfius.com; manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question


Hello everybody,

I tried to ignore this thread from the beginning because I have better 
things to do. But now I cannot help it. ;)

1) IPv4 headers have a 8-bit field called TTL (Time To Live).
("TTL (time to live): each router must decrement by 1 and discard if 
zero. Also decrement if router holds for longer than 1 sec.")

2) IPv6 headers have a 8-bit field called Hop Limit.
("hop limit (8 bit): Decremented by one by each node that forwards the 
packet. When the hop limit field reaches zero, the packet is discarded.")

3) AODV is a UDP protocol. So The AODV message goes wrapped in an IP 
header. Even if AODV message would have a bigger hop count, the IP 
packet has only a 8-bit field. Therefore, it will die after the 255 hops.

4) Point number 3 is not a big problem since I have seen some AODV 
implementations that reset IP's TTL or Hop Limit to 255 at each hop. 
Anyway, once the route is constructed, when you would send the data, the 
IP packets would die before reaching the final destination. (Yep, at the 
255 hops :) ) (And there is no much point in to constructing a route 
that cannot be used ;) ).


Regards,

	Manel Guerrero Zapata

P.D.: This is my new email address. The previous one:
(Manel.Guerrero-Zapata@nokia.com) does not work anymore.


Jitesh Shah wrote:
> Hi Daniel,
> 
> I completely agree with you when you suggest that one
> must take care of the future needs when we are in the
> development stage. 
> 
> We might have to face a situation in the real life
> when we might actually need more than a byte. The
> things being in development stage, I believe perhaps
> this is the right time to incorporate the changes
> rather than evolving with AODV 1.1 at a later stage
> :-)
> 
> Rgds
> Jitesh
> 
> 
> 
>  --- DANIEL BYRNE <daniel.byrne@adtran.com> wrote: >
> Agreed.  A branched chain configuration would be
> 
>>difficult to support with only a BYTE. My point is
>>that although most everyone involved in development
>>and testing of this protocol have envisioned a
>>'cluster of connected nodes' arrangement, the
>>reality is the sum total of all possible topolgies
>>in a wireless network of this type is potentially
>>limitless.  Limited in effect by only the range of
>>the radios in the network.  How are we to know how
>>some future person or organization will use this
>>protocol?  Will they need the extra BYTE?  Should we
>>place artificial limits on the protocol by
>>purposefully limiting the hop count, address range,
>>etc.?
>>
>>One solution is the "extensions" field in the latest
>>draft of AODV could potentially provide a means to
>>expand upon the protocol in the future if
>>neccessary.  
>>
> 
> http://moment.cs.ucsb.edu/pub/draft-perkins-manet-aodvbis-00.txt
> 
>>
>>
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: Jitesh Shah [mailto:jiteshshahin@yahoo.com]
>>Sent: Thursday, November 13, 2003 7:36 AM
>>To: manet@ulfius.com; manet@ietf.org
>>Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
>>
>>
>>Hi,
>>
>>It depends on how you see the network. If you are
>>refering to a network which has a CHAIN topology
>>then
>>the byte used for RREP and RREQ might be way
>>insignificant. But when you refer to a well
>>connected
>>network then the byte seems sufficient.
>>
>>Rgds
>>Jitesh
>>
>> --- Robert Cain <manet@ulfius.com> wrote: >
>>Connectivity is the number of other nodes each node
>>
>>>can reach with 1 hop.
>>>Therefore a connectivity of 10 means there is 10
>>>nodes that a can reach
>>>directly. Obviously in an actual network this
>>
>>would
>>
>>>vary from node to node.
>>>
>>>
>>>Rob Cain :-)
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>>What does the connectivity parameter specify?  Is
>>>
>>>it saying in 100,000
>>>nodes only 10 nodes would be connected?
>>>
>>>>-----Original Message-----
>>>>From: Robert Cain [mailto:tgm@ulfius.com]
>>>>Sent: Wednesday, November 12, 2003 11:13 AM
>>>>To: DANIEL BYRNE
>>>>Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>1 byte seems OK to me.
>>>>
>>>>With some simple analysis assuming a circular
>>>
>>>homogeneous network of node
>>>
>>>>count K and a reasonable connectivity C then the
>>>
>>>radius of the network in
>>>
>>>>hops can be derived to be the square root of K/C.
>>>
>>>Which for a network size
>>>
>>>>of 100,000 and a connectivity of 10 gives a hop
>>>
>>>count radius of 100.
>>>Seeing
>>>
>>>>as a network of size 100,000 will be probably at
>>>
>>>practical limits of size
>>>
>>>>due to performance degradation then I think 1
>>
>>byte
>>
>>>may well be enough.
>>>
>>>>hope that helps :-)
>>>>
>>>>Rob Cain
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>if the 
>>>>>
>>>>>"AODV routing protocol is designed for mobile ad
>>>
>>>hoc networks
>>>
>>>>>  with populations of tens to thousands of
>>
>>mobile
>>
>>>nodes"
>>>
>>>>>why is the HopCount limited to only a BYTE? 
>>
>>This
>>
>>>effectively limits the
>>>
>>>>number of hops to 255.  Why not expand the hop
>>>
>>>count to two bytes into the
>>>
>>>>reseved region of the RREQ packet.  Something
>>>
>>>similar could be done with
>>>
>>>>the RREP packet as well.
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>_______________________________________________
>>>>>manet mailing list
>>>>>manet@ietf.org
>>>>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>_______________________________________________
>>>manet mailing list
>>>manet@ietf.org
>>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet 
>>
>>
> ________________________________________________________________________
> 
>>Yahoo! India Mobile: Download the latest polyphonic
>>ringtones.
>>Go to http://in.mobile.yahoo.com
>>
>>_______________________________________________
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> 
> 
> ________________________________________________________________________
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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
To: Antti Tuominen <anttit@tcs.hut.fi>
cc: redouane <redouane43@yahoo.fr>, manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] AODV paquet 
In-reply-to: Your message of Fri, 14 Nov 2003 12:47:04 +0200.
             <20031114104700.GB9240@rhea.tcs.hut.fi> 
Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2003 16:31:03 +0100
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   No, you can't send any other data in the AODV control message packet.
   UDP is a final protocol, and you can't put two final protocols in one
   packet.  If you use something like the Hop-By-Hop flooding stuff,
   mentioned in AODV for IPv6 draft, you can have any final protocol in
   the packet.

=> yes, there must be at most one final protocol (the no-next-header
is used when there is none).

   There also is (or was?) a draft about including more than
   one final protocol in one IP packet.
   
=> this draft was explicitly written to explain why
it was (and still is) a very bad idea.

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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From: DANIEL BYRNE <daniel.byrne@adtran.com>
To: =?iso-8859-1?Q?=27Erik_Nordstr=F6m=27?= <erik.nordstrom@it.uu.se>
Cc: manet@ulfius.com, manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2003 14:07:40 -0600
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>I guess the point is not whether you would like to or not, but rather if
>it is feasible with 255+ hops. And we did talk about AODV...
Yes we did, but everyone here is now saying that AODV doesn't work well over 50 or more hops.  

>In the Internet I guess that an average hop count would be 20-30 hops
>(with max around 60, correct me if I am wrong).

So the Internet has 20-30 max hops right now.  So what.  The internet backbone is composed of very long expensive cables that someone has to pay for.  The reason I started this thread was because that I was considering whether or not a radio multihop network could replace expensive long haul lines between routers.

The theory is if you could replace long, expensive, fiber optic cable runs with wireless relay points that could double as routers, then potentially anyone could own and operate a long haul backbone.  Obviously this is a topic for another thread.  However, to divulge, if it could be made cheaper to pop down 200 wireless nodes in a chain configuration rather then lay fiber I believe there could be a large market for chain topology wireless networks.  In which case I guess AODV would either have to be modified, replaced with a more capable routing protocol or something else yet undiscussed.  I'm of course just theorizing right now.

As far as bandwith is concerned, I know of one current product that delivers DS3 equivalent bandwidth over 25 miles.  That is enough bandiwth to make 768 residential ADSL customers pretty happy.  255 of these in a row would give you a 6375 mile long broadband pipe, all without wires.  That's long enough to extend from Juneau Alaska to Tampa Bay Forida.  The extra hops would be used to service individual communities, or various corporate offices along the way.  All with leasing a single DS3 line from  Ma Bell.

The only major stumbilng block I see in such a configuration is node latency.  However, I don't think the AdHoc routing protocols should concern themselves with the speed of the devices that they run themselves on.  We'd let the hardware designers figure that one out later.

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Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
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Hi Daniel,

Your idea has promise, especially in areas where right-of-way is a
problem.  However, it may not be necessary to use a MANET protocol.  If
the relay points are stationary and in a known relationship with one
another, a more conventional routing protocol might work.  In such a
situation, routes could be very stable and the only thing each node
would need to know is whether or not to re-broadcast after receiving a
packet.  That is, the routes could be embodied in routing tables with no
need to imbed them in the packet headers.

Also, there might be lower-cost alternatives.  Where the right-of-way is
established and infrastructure (e.g. poles) exists, fiber is relatively
cheap.  Remember that your 200 nodes will have to be maintained and will
need a source of power.  Also remember that bandwidth is much lower and
signal strength much more variable in a wireless channel than a fiber
one, so your terminals would have to be rather expensive to provide even
a fraction of the capability of a fiber cable.  In addition, a microwave
link could be an option in some parts of the net.  That is, even if you
use wireless links for part of the backbone, you need may not actually
use a MANET protocol and there are liable to be some long hops.

John Mullen

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
DANIEL BYRNE
Sent: Friday, November 14, 2003 1:08 PM
To: 'Erik Nordstr=F6m'
Cc: manet@ulfius.com; manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question


>I guess the point is not whether you would like to or not, but rather=20
>if it is feasible with 255+ hops. And we did talk about AODV...
Yes we did, but everyone here is now saying that AODV doesn't work well
over 50 or more hops. =20

>In the Internet I guess that an average hop count would be 20-30 hops=20
>(with max around 60, correct me if I am wrong).

So the Internet has 20-30 max hops right now.  So what.  The internet
backbone is composed of very long expensive cables that someone has to
pay for.  The reason I started this thread was because that I was
considering whether or not a radio multihop network could replace
expensive long haul lines between routers.

The theory is if you could replace long, expensive, fiber optic cable
runs with wireless relay points that could double as routers, then
potentially anyone could own and operate a long haul backbone.
Obviously this is a topic for another thread.  However, to divulge, if
it could be made cheaper to pop down 200 wireless nodes in a chain
configuration rather then lay fiber I believe there could be a large
market for chain topology wireless networks.  In which case I guess AODV
would either have to be modified, replaced with a more capable routing
protocol or something else yet undiscussed.  I'm of course just
theorizing right now.

As far as bandwith is concerned, I know of one current product that
delivers DS3 equivalent bandwidth over 25 miles.  That is enough
bandiwth to make 768 residential ADSL customers pretty happy.  255 of
these in a row would give you a 6375 mile long broadband pipe, all
without wires.  That's long enough to extend from Juneau Alaska to Tampa
Bay Forida.  The extra hops would be used to service individual
communities, or various corporate offices along the way.  All with
leasing a single DS3 line from  Ma Bell.

The only major stumbilng block I see in such a configuration is node
latency.  However, I don't think the AdHoc routing protocols should
concern themselves with the speed of the devices that they run
themselves on.  We'd let the hardware designers figure that one out
later.

_______________________________________________
manet mailing list
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To: "'John Mullen'" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
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Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2003 14:37:03 -0600
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Good points, thanks.



>Hi Daniel,

>Your idea has promise, especially in areas where right-of-way is a
>problem.  However, it may not be necessary to use a MANET protocol.  If
>the relay points are stationary and in a known relationship with one
>...

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X-WebMail-UserID:  bsvijay
Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2003 20:21:12 -0500
From: Vijayanand  Ballapuram <bsvijay@vt.edu>
To: manet@ietf.org, nhv@uiuc.edu, xueyang@uiuc.edu
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Subject: [manet] Priority Scheduling Paper - MobhiHoc 2002
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Dear Members and Authors,

I am a graduate student at Virginia Tech and will present the paper =93Pr=
iority=20
Scheduling in Wireless Adhoc Networks=94 from MobiHoc 2002 ( Xue Yang, Ni=
tin=20
Vaidya) in our research group this Monday, Nov 17.

I have following questions from the paper:

1) Section 4.3: Talks about Occupancy of data channel using black burst.
 I can=92t understand problem solved by implementing blackburst.
=20
Paper explains the below reasons for implementing blackburst.
=93During the channel access procedure described above, a
station may transmit BT1 or BT2. However, the same sta-
tion could be the receiver of a high priority packet for which an RTS may=
 be=20
transmitted while it is sending BT1 or BT2.Since a station cannot receive=
=20
while it is transmitting, the high priority packet intended for this stat=
ion=20
will be missed during its busy tone transmission.

If the black burst are not received by stations sending BT2 what will hap=
pen?

If blackburst is not implemented, low priority stations will miss RTS fro=
m=20
High priority stations while it is sending BT2. Since, CTS will not be se=
nt,=20
high priority stations will send RTS again.

2)	Want to know more understanding of Busy tone (BT1 and BT2) and blackbu=
rst..
               Busy tone =96 10 us , like a pulse.
               Need more infor about its properties?

               Blackburst =96 2 slot time. Is it a Pulse or other?
	  Need more information.

3) Its is said in many places in the paper, the transmissions are deferre=
d for=20
CTS timeout duration.? More information about this is required? What is t=
he=20
advantage of deferring by exactly CTS timeout duration.

4)Need more explanation an information of Conflict graph shown in page 7.

Thanks,

Vijay




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Thread-Topic: When GPSR loops on the face?
Thread-Index: AcOrVGVEGYjq75D+TVmUfDxFcCdcyA==
From: "#ZHOU ZHI#" <zhouzhi@pmail.ntu.edu.sg>
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------_=_NextPart_001_01C3AB54.FE095082
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=20
Hi all,
=20
Can anybody give me an example where GPSR will receive the packet in
perimeter mode for the second time? that means that the packet got
looped on the current face traversing.
=20
thanks!
=20
Zhou Zhi (Mr.)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Ph.D. student, CeMNeT, SCE
Nanyang Technological University
- Home Address:
Jurong West St 74, Blk 755, #11-56, Singapore 640755
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
=20


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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1276" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY style=3D"COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY: "><LABEL id=3DHbSession=20
SessionId=3D"1728121406"></LABEL>
<DIV><FONT face=3D&#23435;&#20307; size=3D2>
<DIV><FONT face=3D&#23435;&#20307; size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D365093208-15112003>Hi=20
all,</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D&#23435;&#20307; size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D365093208-15112003></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D&#23435;&#20307; size=3D2><SPAN =
class=3D365093208-15112003>Can anybody give me an=20
example where GPSR will receive the packet in perimeter mode for the =
second=20
time? that means that the packet got looped on the current face=20
traversing.</SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D&#23435;&#20307; size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D365093208-15112003></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D&#23435;&#20307; size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D365093208-15112003>thanks!</SPAN></FONT></DIV></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV align=3Dleft><FONT face=3D"Monotype Corsiva" color=3D#000080>Zhou =
Zhi=20
(Mr.)</FONT><FONT=20
size=3D2><BR>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<=
BR></FONT><FONT=20
face=3DVerdana color=3D#800040 size=3D1>Ph.D. student, CeMNeT, =
SCE<BR></FONT><FONT=20
face=3DVerdana color=3D#800040 size=3D1>Nanyang Technological =
University<BR>- Home=20
Address:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dleft><FONT face=3DVerdana color=3D#800040 size=3D1>Jurong =
West St 74,=20
Blk&nbsp;755,&nbsp;#11-56, </FONT><FONT face=3DVerdana color=3D#800040=20
size=3D1>Singapore 640755</FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dleft><FONT=20
size=3D2>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~</FON=
T></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<P></P></BODY></HTML>

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Subject: RE: [manet] When GPSR loops on the face?
Date: Sun, 16 Nov 2003 12:22:12 +0800
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=20
Hi Casey,

Thanks for your example.

Can I get the following conclusion:
1) If the source and destination are not partitioned, GPSR will also
find the route.=20
2) If the source and destination are partitioned, GPSR will lead the
packet to travel around the whole perimeter of the source partition. And
finally the packet will reach the node where it entered perimeter mode.
3) no matter whether source and destination are partioned or not, it is
possible that the packet travels back to the node where enters perimeter
mode and the source, but without being dropped.

If so, from my second conclusion, the traversing loop in GPSR only
occurs in exterior face, doesn't it?
Furthermore, I think the worst situation for GPSR is like the following
figure. Node x is where the packet from S enteres perimeter mode. If the
S section is almost the whole network, the packet will almost travel the
whole perimeter of the network to reach D.
_________
|    D         |
|_______   |
_______|   |_____________________ ... ...
|   x                                          =20
|   S
|
|
|
|______________________________ ... ...


-----Original Message-----
From: Casey Carter [mailto:ccarter@cs.uiuc.edu]=20
Sent: 2003?11?16? 10:47
To: #ZHOU ZHI#
Subject: Re: [manet] When GPSR loops on the face?

Here's an easy one: The network is partitioned into two connected
components, with the source in one partition, and the destination in
another. The packet will traverse the convex hull of the source's
partition.

#ZHOU ZHI# wrote:

> Hi all,
> Can anybody give me an example where GPSR will receive the packet in=20
> perimeter mode for the second time? that means that the packet got=20
> looped on the current face traversing.
> thanks!
> Zhou Zhi (Mr.)
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> Ph.D. student, CeMNeT, SCE
> Nanyang Technological University
> - Home Address:
> Jurong West St 74, Blk 755, #11-56, Singapore 640755=20
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~



--
Casey Carter
Casey@Carter.net
ccarter@cs.uiuc.edu
AIM: cartec69



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From: Anup Patnaik <a_patnai@cs.concordia.ca>
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Subject: [manet] GPSR Security
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Continuing with GPSR, can anyone point me to some work in the area of
securing GPSR or other geographic position based routing protocols. It 
so appears that these protocols being stateless and not involving 
exchange of any (or very few) control packets are more robust (from a 
security perspective) as compared to the other on-demand and proactive 
ones (correct me if im wrong).

Anup

------------------------------
Ph.D. student
Computer Science Dept.
Concordia University
Montreal, Canada
------------------------------


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Subject: Re: [manet] When GPSR loops on the face?
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#ZHOU ZHI# wrote:

> 
>Hi Casey,
>
>Thanks for your example.
>
>Can I get the following conclusion:
>1) If the source and destination are not partitioned, GPSR will also
>find the route. 
>
Yes: if there is a route, GPSR will find it.

>2) If the source and destination are partitioned, GPSR will lead the
>packet to travel around the whole perimeter of the source partition. And
>finally the packet will reach the node where it entered perimeter mode.
>  
>
Yes: Completing a loop in perimeter mode -- returning to the node where 
you started without ever leaving perimeter mode -- proves that the 
network is partitioned.

>3) no matter whether source and destination are partioned or not, it is
>possible that the packet travels back to the node where enters perimeter
>mode and the source, but without being dropped.
>  
>
For the source, yes this is true.  For the node where it entered 
perimeter mode, the packet will be dropped upon returning unless there 
was a period of greedy mode routing between the two visits.

>If so, from my second conclusion, the traversing loop in GPSR only
>occurs in exterior face, doesn't it?
>  
>
Yes: GPSR switches from one face to the next when when it finds an edge 
of the face that is cut by the line connecting the source and 
destination.  Also, it leaves perimeter mode and returns to greedy mode 
when it finds a node that is closer to the destination than the node 
where it entered perimeter mode.

>Furthermore, I think the worst situation for GPSR is like the following
>figure. Node x is where the packet from S enteres perimeter mode. If the
>S section is almost the whole network, the packet will almost travel the
>whole perimeter of the network to reach D.
>_________
>|    D         |
>|_______   |
>_______|   |_____________________ ... ...
>|   x                                           
>|   S
>|
>|
>|
>|______________________________ ... ...
>  
>
This is an O(n) delivery -- the worst case is O(n^2).  The intuiton 
behind the worst case is to layout the network so that perimeter mode 
traverses nearly the whole thing before finding a node a bit closer. 
 Switching to greedy mode gets you a hop closer, at which point you need 
to go back to perimeter mode, and traverse the same path again, but go a 
couple of steps farther than last time to find a node a bit closer. 
 Lather, rinse repeat ;)

There is a beatiful diagram of such a worst case network, and a lot of 
interesting discussion of geo-routing, in "Worst-Case Optimal and 
Average-Case Efficient Geometric Ad-Hoc Routing," Fabian Kuhn et al, 
MobiHoc 2003.

>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Casey Carter [mailto:ccarter@cs.uiuc.edu] 
>Sent: 2003?11?16? 10:47
>To: #ZHOU ZHI#
>Subject: Re: [manet] When GPSR loops on the face?
>
>Here's an easy one: The network is partitioned into two connected
>components, with the source in one partition, and the destination in
>another. The packet will traverse the convex hull of the source's
>partition.
>
>#ZHOU ZHI# wrote:
>
>  
>
>>Hi all,
>>Can anybody give me an example where GPSR will receive the packet in 
>>perimeter mode for the second time? that means that the packet got 
>>looped on the current face traversing.
>>thanks!
>>Zhou Zhi (Mr.)
>>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>>Ph.D. student, CeMNeT, SCE
>>Nanyang Technological University
>>- Home Address:
>>Jurong West St 74, Blk 755, #11-56, Singapore 640755 
>>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>>    
>>
>
>
>
>--
>Casey Carter
>Casey@Carter.net
>ccarter@cs.uiuc.edu
>AIM: cartec69
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>  
>


-- 
Casey Carter
Casey@Carter.net
ccarter@cs.uiuc.edu
AIM: cartec69



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--------------040102020207090906020408
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<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<div class="moz-text-html" style="font-family: Times New Roman; ">
<div class="moz-text-flowed" style="font-family: Courier New; font-size: 13px; ">
 Philippe, <br>
<br>
<blockquote type="cite">Dear Richard, <br>
  <br>
 I don't think there is any conceptual conflict between MPR, CDS and <br>
 overlapping relays. To be short MPR is a practical implementation of CDS.
   <br>
  </blockquote>
  <br>
 A CDS is also a practical implementation of a CDS.&nbsp;&nbsp; <img src="chrome://editor/content/images/wink_n.gif" alt=";-)" class="moz-txt-smily" height="19" width="19" align="Center">
  <br>
  <blockquote type="cite"><br>
 Since it is now mature enough, it is proposed in a draft for a wireless
    <br>
 extension of OSPF.  </blockquote>
    <br>
 I think CDS is also mature enough.&nbsp; Also, it is simpler, and allows the
OSPF      <br>
 Hello to be used without changing its format (as has been discussed). <br>
 For those who attended the meeting last Thursday, Fred Baker recommended<br>
 using "overlapping relays", which is the same as a CDS.&nbsp; (The main  difference
     <br>
 between an overlapping relay and an MPR is that the former forwards all
LSAs      <br>
 originating from the same area, whereas the latter forwards only LSAs that
     <br>
 were received from an MPR selector.) <br>
    <br>
    <blockquote type="cite">MPRs contain nice features that have been added 
by the <br>
 working group during the past years such as "willingness to forward" <br>
      </blockquote>
      <br>
 The same idea has been applied to CDS nodes, and in OSPF this <br>
 would just be the "router priority".&nbsp;   <br>
      <blockquote type="cite"><br>
 parameter, adaptability to link qualities, possibility of drastic reduction
         <br>
 of advertized link set size, etc.  </blockquote>
        <br>
 The purpose of the CDS is to optimize the flooding, not to reduce the <br>
 set of advertised links. I agree that MPRs are useful for<br>
 reducing the set of advertised links. But this problem can be separated<br>
 from the flooding problem, and there are other ways to reduce the set<br>
 of advertised links (including self-selected MPRs). &nbsp;<br>
 I think the primary goal is to extend OSPF within minimal changes<br>
 to support manets, and a CDS seems to be the simplest way to<br>
 achieve this goal. A method for reducing the set of advertised links<br>
 can be proposed as an optional extension.<br>
        <br>
        <blockquote type="cite">However they are certainly not yet <br>
 absolutely optimal, since optimal CDS selection is an NP hard problem. If
           <br>
 you give me a polynomial algorithm that select a good CDS, I will find <br>
 another polynomial algorithm that select a better CDS;-)&nbsp; However,  MPRs 
have <br>
 shown acceptable performance so far that we did not find practical <br>
 algorithms that significantly outperform it. <br>
          </blockquote>
          <br>
 As you know, given the set of MPRs that forward a given LSA, that set plus
           <br>
 the originator is a CDS.&nbsp; Thus, there always exists a CDS that requires
          <br>
 only one more transmission than if MPRs are used.&nbsp; The converse it not true.
           <br>
 In fact, I can easily find an example where an optimal MPR selection  results 
          <br>
 in 3 times as many transmissions as an optimal CDS selection. <br>
 But this is not as important as the other reasons for using a CDS <br>
 (simplicity and being able to use the OSPF Hello without changing <br>
 its format). <br>
          <br>
 Regards, <br>
 Richard <br>
          <br>
          <blockquote type="cite"><br>
            <br>
 Best regards, <br>
 Philippe <br>
            </blockquote>
            <br>
            <br>
            <br>
            </div>
            </div>
            </body>
            </html>

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon Nov 17 02:37:41 2003
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Reply-To: <jafy@etri.re.kr>
From: "HyunWook Cha" <jafy@etri.re.kr>
To: "'Christophe Jelger'" <jelger@dpt-info.u-strasbg.fr>,
        "'manet'" <manet@ietf.org>
Cc: <autonet@ipv6.or.kr>
Subject: RE: [manet] Comment on manet gateway autoconf draft.
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2003 16:35:45 +0900
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Hello, Christophe.

I think that I am understanding your idea well enough. As you know from
my previous comments
(http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/manet/current/msg03221.
html,
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/manet/current/msg03176.h
tml), I can not agree that it works efficiently when multiple gateways
are available and the topology of a manet is changed frequently. More
specifically, I can not expect that your idea can maximize prefix
stability though you insist that (I told the reason at my first
comment). Have you ever simulated your idea using NS-2 or whatever? The
second performance issue is caused by inconsistency between default
route established by your idea and routing protocols (This was already
mentioned, too). This can affect the performance of your idea in terms
of end-to-end delay. This issue also requires that your idea and the
scheme using routing header should be compared through simulations. You
think that we can not address the prefix stability and optimality of
route at the same time. Why do not you use a routing header? (I want to
avoid redendant explanation,) Whether multiple addresses(prefixes) can
be configured and used or not, the use of routign header can maximize
the stability of current prefix and make use of an obtimal route for the
current gateway discovered by routing protocols (if we can say that a
route is "obtimal" when it is established through a routing protocol.).

Uhm.... I do not know when this area (internet connectivity) was issued
for the first time, what the current consensus of the whole working roup
about this subject and when this subject will be discussed more
actively. Actually, any other issues except routing protocols including
ospf extension were not addressed.(Am I right?) However, I believe that
this issue can support deployment of manet technologies. Will you come
at Seoul meeting (59th one)? If so, we can share further thoughts each
other.

Regards,
HyunWook Cha

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Christophe Jelger [mailto:jelger@dpt-info.u-strasbg.fr] 
> Sent: Friday, November 14, 2003 5:29 PM
> To: 'manet'
> Cc: autonet@ipv6.or.kr
> Subject: Re: [manet] Comment on manet gateway autoconf draft.
> 
> 
> 
> Hi again,
> 
> Well actually I don't agree with your statement when you say 
> that prefix 
> continuity can be harmful ... harmful to what ? Moreover I 
> also disagree 
> when you say "bad performance" as I don't think prefix 
> continuity would 
> lead to bad peformance, I mean in terms of packet delay for 
> example. In 
> contrast I agree that if we want to maximize prefix stability then 
> routing might be sub-optimal. Again if we don't care about prefix 
> stability (prefix continuity is inherent to the protocol), 
> then routing 
> would be optimal (a node finds the closest gateway), and 
> transport layer 
> sessions can be maintained with MIPv6.
> 
> Actually I think it is good to have different 
> solutions/proposals, they 
> can be compared and if implementations are available one can 
> choose one 
> or another. Well I don't really know if this address 
> autoconfiguration 
> stuff is being discussed at the IETF meeting (I could not go 
> there), but 
> if it does not become a MANET objective we won't have to bother about 
> finding the best solution.
> 
> Regards,
> Christophe
> 


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon Nov 17 09:39:32 2003
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From: "David Holmer" <dholmer@jhu.edu>
To: "'Carmelo Ragusa'" <c.ragusa@eim.surrey.ac.uk>
Cc: <manet@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2003 09:38:48 -0500
Organization: Johns Hopkins University
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Subject: [manet] RE: [ns] routing costs in ad-hoc routing
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In wireless ad hoc networks there are no "link" objects because links
are implicit between nodes that are less than a threshold distance away.
I haven't looked at AODV, but I know from personal experience in the
past that DSDV was not designed for non-hop based metrics and requires
tweaking to make it work properly. My intuition is that AODV would
require even more modifications to do the same. Also you'd have to
design your on method of setting link weights in these protocols as
there isn't one currently (only hop based metrics are supported). It is
possible that some of the more advanced link-state protocols, such as
TBRPF or OLSR, might be different and may included the type of
capability you are looking for.

- David Holmer


-----Original Message-----
From: ns-users-admin@ISI.EDU [mailto:ns-users-admin@ISI.EDU] On Behalf
Of Carmelo Ragusa
Sent: Monday, November 17, 2003 4:30 AM
To: ns-users@ISI.EDU
Subject: [ns] routing costs in ad-hoc routing


Dear all,
I sent an email few days ago, but I didn't receive any answer. I would
appreciate if somebody can give some direction.
Following, there is my previous email.

Many thatnks in advance,
regards,
Carmelo




Dear all,
I need to know how I can access routing costs for ad-hoc routing such as
DSDV or AODV. I've been doing it for wired networks using the command:

[[Simulator instance] link %n1 %n2] cost?

but I couldn't find anything similar for ad-hoc routing.
There is anybody that can help me?

Any hint or direction will be appreciated.

Many thanks in advance,
Carmelo




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From: "John Mullen" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
To: "'sohrab niazi'" <silentlove_u@yahoo.com>, <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [manet] i need
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2003 08:15:36 -0700
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Hi,
 
Here is a place to start.
 
http://w3.antd.nist.gov/wctg/manet/manet_bibliog.html
 
John Mullen

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
sohrab niazi
Sent: Monday, November 17, 2003 12:17 AM
To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: [manet] i need


sir, i am the new in this, so i want to know about the history of manet
at this stage?
bye
 



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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii">
<TITLE>Message</TITLE>

<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1276" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D248571415-17112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>Hi,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D248571415-17112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D248571415-17112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>Here=20
is a place to start.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D248571415-17112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D248571415-17112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2><A=20
href=3D"http://w3.antd.nist.gov/wctg/manet/manet_bibliog.html">http://w3.=
antd.nist.gov/wctg/manet/manet_bibliog.html</A></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D248571415-17112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D248571415-17112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>John=20
Mullen</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE style=3D"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr =
align=3Dleft><FONT=20
  face=3DTahoma size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B>=20
  manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of =
</B>sohrab=20
  niazi<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, November 17, 2003 12:17 AM<BR><B>To:</B> =

  manet@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> [manet] i need<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV>sir, i am the new in this, so i want to know about the history of =
manet=20
  at this stage?</DIV>
  <DIV>bye</DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <P>
  <HR SIZE=3D1>
  Do you Yahoo!?<BR><A =
href=3D"http://antispam.yahoo.com/whatsnewfree">Protect=20
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From: "Charles E. Perkins" <charliep@iprg.nokia.com>
Organization: Nokia Research Center
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To: DANIEL BYRNE <daniel.byrne@adtran.com>
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Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
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Hello folks,

One or two comments below:

DANIEL BYRNE wrote:

> Yes we did, but everyone here is now saying that AODV doesn't work well
> over 50 or more hops.

I can believe that the performance would suffer
greatly, depending on the mobility of the intermediate
nodes.  If the nodes didn't move, then I wonder what
would go wrong?

Regarding the idea about replacing land lines,
I guess that any routing protocol would work,
even manual configuration.  To overcome the 
hop limit, you could do encapsulations.

It doesn't seem to be a close match for the
technology provided for use with mobile ad
hoc networks since:
1) the nodes aren't mobile, and
2) the network isn't ad hoc.

Regards,
Charlie P.

_______________________________________________
manet mailing list
manet@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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From: "John Mullen" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
To: <manet@ulfius.com>, <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2003 09:07:11 -0700
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Hi Charlie,

Well, I can see one application of MANET technology in a situation in
which the nodes do not move.  Consider the Dine' (Navajo) nation which
covers thousands of square miles in the southwestern US.  Connecting the
many isolated communities with wire or fiber does not seem to be an
option.  Furthermore, the Dine' would prefer not to use the ideal places
for antennas because of religious and other reasons.  Every time you dig
a hole on the reservation, you need an archeologist.  Other American
Indian jurisdictions are checkerboarded.  That is, there are parcels of
fee simple land owned by non-members of the Tribe interspersed
throughout the area.  In those cases, right of way is a big problem.

It is not just that putting up telephone poles is a problem, but also
that a common electrical supply is often not available.  That is, any
repeaters would have to be self-powered.

Now, imagine a network of nodes that are powered by batteries, which in
turn, are recharged by solar energy.  Also, assume the net is dense
enough that many nodes can go to standby while the others take the load.
However, as the evening wears on, the active nodes, one by one, will
have to shut down due to low power.  Others could, at any time, have to
shut down due to malfunctions (we a talking of many nodes in a very
hostile environment).  As each does so, one or more inactive nodes wakes
up to take the load.

Such a net would have no mobile nodes, but would require frequent
automatic reconfiguration.  It wouldn't be entirely a MANET, since each
node could know where every other node was, but would require a degree
of automatic reconfiguration that ordinary protocols would not support
due to the frequent changes in the pattern of available nodes.  I would
think that at least part of a MANET protocol would be helpful.  Also, if
such a protocol were to be used, mobile nodes could be more easily
accommodated as they move throughout the communications area.

Just a thought.

John Mullen

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Charles E. Perkins
Sent: Monday, November 17, 2003 8:27 AM
To: DANIEL BYRNE
Cc: 'Erik Nordstr=F6m'; manet@ulfius.com; manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question



Hello folks,

One or two comments below:

DANIEL BYRNE wrote:

> Yes we did, but everyone here is now saying that AODV doesn't work=20
> well over 50 or more hops.

I can believe that the performance would suffer
greatly, depending on the mobility of the intermediate
nodes.  If the nodes didn't move, then I wonder what
would go wrong?

Regarding the idea about replacing land lines,
I guess that any routing protocol would work,
even manual configuration.  To overcome the=20
hop limit, you could do encapsulations.

It doesn't seem to be a close match for the
technology provided for use with mobile ad
hoc networks since:
1) the nodes aren't mobile, and
2) the network isn't ad hoc.

Regards,
Charlie P.

_______________________________________________
manet mailing list
manet@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet


_______________________________________________
manet mailing list
manet@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
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To: "John Mullen" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>, <manet@ietf.org>
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Hi John,

Seems to me that what you describe ought to work just fine with any IGP. =
Wired networks also have routers that go up and down, after all.

I think this is only a matter of degree. If the infrastructure is not =
meant to be ad hoc, i.e. the density of nodes that behave as routers is =
roughly what it needs to be to provide reliable connectivity, such that =
flooding of hello messages will not overwhelm an overly dense set of =
routers, then you don't need to rely one special enhancements of =
standard IGPs.

All you're describing, I think, is a typical internet in which routers =
happen to have RF links?

Bert


> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Mullen [mailto:jomullen@nmsu.edu]
> Sent: Monday, November 17, 2003 11:07 AM
> To: manet@ulfius.com; manet@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
>=20
>=20
> Hi Charlie,
>=20
> Well, I can see one application of MANET technology in a situation in
> which the nodes do not move.  Consider the Dine' (Navajo) nation which
> covers thousands of square miles in the southwestern US. =20
> Connecting the
> many isolated communities with wire or fiber does not seem to be an
> option.  Furthermore, the Dine' would prefer not to use the=20
> ideal places
> for antennas because of religious and other reasons.  Every=20
> time you dig
> a hole on the reservation, you need an archeologist.  Other American
> Indian jurisdictions are checkerboarded.  That is, there are=20
> parcels of
> fee simple land owned by non-members of the Tribe interspersed
> throughout the area.  In those cases, right of way is a big problem.
>=20
> It is not just that putting up telephone poles is a problem, but also
> that a common electrical supply is often not available.  That is, any
> repeaters would have to be self-powered.
>=20
> Now, imagine a network of nodes that are powered by=20
> batteries, which in
> turn, are recharged by solar energy.  Also, assume the net is dense
> enough that many nodes can go to standby while the others=20
> take the load.
> However, as the evening wears on, the active nodes, one by one, will
> have to shut down due to low power.  Others could, at any=20
> time, have to
> shut down due to malfunctions (we a talking of many nodes in a very
> hostile environment).  As each does so, one or more inactive=20
> nodes wakes
> up to take the load.
>=20
> Such a net would have no mobile nodes, but would require frequent
> automatic reconfiguration.  It wouldn't be entirely a MANET,=20
> since each
> node could know where every other node was, but would require a degree
> of automatic reconfiguration that ordinary protocols would not support
> due to the frequent changes in the pattern of available=20
> nodes.  I would
> think that at least part of a MANET protocol would be=20
> helpful.  Also, if
> such a protocol were to be used, mobile nodes could be more easily
> accommodated as they move throughout the communications area.
>=20
> Just a thought.
>=20
> John Mullen
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Charles E. Perkins
> Sent: Monday, November 17, 2003 8:27 AM
> To: DANIEL BYRNE
> Cc: 'Erik Nordstr=F6m'; manet@ulfius.com; manet@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Hello folks,
>=20
> One or two comments below:
>=20
> DANIEL BYRNE wrote:
>=20
> > Yes we did, but everyone here is now saying that AODV doesn't work=20
> > well over 50 or more hops.
>=20
> I can believe that the performance would suffer
> greatly, depending on the mobility of the intermediate
> nodes.  If the nodes didn't move, then I wonder what
> would go wrong?
>=20
> Regarding the idea about replacing land lines,
> I guess that any routing protocol would work,
> even manual configuration.  To overcome the=20
> hop limit, you could do encapsulations.
>=20
> It doesn't seem to be a close match for the
> technology provided for use with mobile ad
> hoc networks since:
> 1) the nodes aren't mobile, and
> 2) the network isn't ad hoc.
>=20
> Regards,
> Charlie P.
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>=20

_______________________________________________
manet mailing list
manet@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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From: "Pete Sholander" <psholand@scires.com>
To: <albert.e.manfredi@boeing.com>, <manet@ietf.org>, <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
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IMHO ... John's application is why simple QoS metrics (e.g, "node energy =
status" or "link stability") might should be included in the next round of =
MANET WG proposals.  Similar problems exist in military sensor networks.

--Pete Sholander
Atlanta, GA

>>> "Manfredi, Albert E" <albert.e.manfredi@boeing.com> 11/17/03 11:22AM =
>>>
Hi John,

Seems to me that what you describe ought to work just fine with any IGP. =
Wired networks also have routers that go up and down, after all.

I think this is only a matter of degree. If the infrastructure is not =
meant to be ad hoc, i.e. the density of nodes that behave as routers is =
roughly what it needs to be to provide reliable connectivity, such that =
flooding of hello messages will not overwhelm an overly dense set of =
routers, then you don't need to rely one special enhancements of standard =
IGPs.

All you're describing, I think, is a typical internet in which routers =
happen to have RF links?

Bert


> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Mullen [mailto:jomullen@nmsu.edu]=20
> Sent: Monday, November 17, 2003 11:07 AM
> To: manet@ulfius.com; manet@ietf.org=20
> Subject: RE: [manet] AODV Question
>=20
>=20
> Hi Charlie,
>=20
> Well, I can see one application of MANET technology in a situation in
> which the nodes do not move.  Consider the Dine' (Navajo) nation which
> covers thousands of square miles in the southwestern US. =20
> Connecting the
> many isolated communities with wire or fiber does not seem to be an
> option.  Furthermore, the Dine' would prefer not to use the=20
> ideal places
> for antennas because of religious and other reasons.  Every=20
> time you dig
> a hole on the reservation, you need an archeologist.  Other American
> Indian jurisdictions are checkerboarded.  That is, there are=20
> parcels of
> fee simple land owned by non-members of the Tribe interspersed
> throughout the area.  In those cases, right of way is a big problem.
>=20
> It is not just that putting up telephone poles is a problem, but also
> that a common electrical supply is often not available.  That is, any
> repeaters would have to be self-powered.
>=20
> Now, imagine a network of nodes that are powered by=20
> batteries, which in
> turn, are recharged by solar energy.  Also, assume the net is dense
> enough that many nodes can go to standby while the others=20
> take the load.
> However, as the evening wears on, the active nodes, one by one, will
> have to shut down due to low power.  Others could, at any=20
> time, have to
> shut down due to malfunctions (we a talking of many nodes in a very
> hostile environment).  As each does so, one or more inactive=20
> nodes wakes
> up to take the load.
>=20
> Such a net would have no mobile nodes, but would require frequent
> automatic reconfiguration.  It wouldn't be entirely a MANET,=20
> since each
> node could know where every other node was, but would require a degree
> of automatic reconfiguration that ordinary protocols would not support
> due to the frequent changes in the pattern of available=20
> nodes.  I would
> think that at least part of a MANET protocol would be=20
> helpful.  Also, if
> such a protocol were to be used, mobile nodes could be more easily
> accommodated as they move throughout the communications area.
>=20
> Just a thought.
>=20
> John Mullen
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Charles E. Perkins
> Sent: Monday, November 17, 2003 8:27 AM
> To: DANIEL BYRNE
> Cc: 'Erik Nordstr=F6m'; manet@ulfius.com; manet@ietf.org=20
> Subject: Re: [manet] AODV Question
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Hello folks,
>=20
> One or two comments below:
>=20
> DANIEL BYRNE wrote:
>=20
> > Yes we did, but everyone here is now saying that AODV doesn't work=20
> > well over 50 or more hops.
>=20
> I can believe that the performance would suffer
> greatly, depending on the mobility of the intermediate
> nodes.  If the nodes didn't move, then I wonder what
> would go wrong?
>=20
> Regarding the idea about replacing land lines,
> I guess that any routing protocol would work,
> even manual configuration.  To overcome the=20
> hop limit, you could do encapsulations.
>=20
> It doesn't seem to be a close match for the
> technology provided for use with mobile ad
> hoc networks since:
> 1) the nodes aren't mobile, and
> 2) the network isn't ad hoc.
>=20
> Regards,
> Charlie P.
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org=20
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org=20
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet=20
>=20

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Subject: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g
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Hi everyone,

>From what I understand, NS simulates
802.11 using 2mbps, based on an old Lucent
WaveLAN card. A lot of recent papers
have used these values. Are there newer
NS implementations (versions) that simulate
11 mbps or 54 mbps, which is more realistic
for today's cards? If NS does not support
the newer speeds, does anyone have more
up-to-date NS 802.11 implementations?

Thanks in advance for any information.

Emmanuel Agu


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Subject: [manet] 2004 WiFi Voice Conference
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The 2004 WiFi Voice Conference will stand in Paris on May 25 to 28, =
2004.=20
The call for papers dead line has been extended until December 15, 2003. =

Get more details at:
http://www.upperside.fr/wifivoice04/wifivoice04intro.htm

We also remind you that registration is still open to the New Mobile =
Technologies Forum (UWB, IPCN and IPv6 Mobile sessions) at:
http://www.upperside.fr/newmobtech/newmobtech03intro.htm


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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 5.00.2919.6307" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>The <SPAN class=3Dtextebold><FONT =
color=3D#2a9085>2004 WiFi Voice=20
Conference</FONT></SPAN> will stand in Paris on <SPAN =
class=3Dtextebold>May 25 to=20
28, 2004</SPAN>.&nbsp;<BR>The call for papers dead line has been =
extended until=20
<SPAN class=3Dunderline>December 15, 2003.</SPAN> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Get more details at:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2><A=20
href=3D"http://www.upperside.fr/wifivoice04/wifivoice04intro.htm">http://=
www.upperside.fr/wifivoice04/wifivoice04intro.htm</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>We also remind you that registration is still open to the <FONT=20
color=3D#008080>New Mobile Technologies Forum </FONT>(UWB, IPCN and IPv6 =
Mobile=20
sessions) at:</DIV>
<DIV><A=20
href=3D"http://www.upperside.fr/newmobtech/newmobtech03intro.htm">http://=
www.upperside.fr/newmobtech/newmobtech03intro.htm</A></DIV></FONT></DIV><=
/DIV>
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Hi every body,
=20
I'm preparing a master about "proposing a routing protocol scalable to ne=
twork size and supporting a QoS" since 4 months ago, but when I find a no=
vel idea to propose, there are a lot of proposals about the same idea. So=
, please help, to find a novel idea before a deadline.
I would to notice that I'm interesting to stochastic models (to permit sc=
alability to mobility) and thier application with clustering methods (sca=
lability to size).
=20
Thanks in advance.




---------------------------------
Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en fran=E7ais !
Testez le nouveau Yahoo! Mail
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<DIV>
<DIV>Hi every body,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'm preparing a&nbsp;master about "proposing a routing protocol scal=
able to network size and supporting a QoS" since&nbsp;4 months ago, but w=
hen I find a novel idea to propose, there are a lot of proposals about th=
e same idea. So, please help, to find a novel idea before a deadline.</DI=
V>
<DIV>I would to notice that I'm interesting to stochastic models (to perm=
it scalability to mobility)&nbsp;and thier application with clustering me=
thods (scalability to size).</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Thanks in advance.</DIV></DIV><p><br><hr size=3D1>Do You Yahoo!? -- =
Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en fran=E7ais !<br>
<a href=3Dhttp://fr.mail.yahoo.com>Testez le nouveau Yahoo! Mail</a>
--0-2120449252-1069150898=:16168--

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From: "Philipp Obreiter" <obreiter@ipd.uni-karlsruhe.de>
To: "'???'" <cglee@hyuee.hanyang.ac.kr>, <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: AW: [manet] help for getting information about mobility model
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Hi,

you might be interested in our WONS (Wireless On-demand Network Systems)
2004 paper: "Activity-Based User Modeling in Service-Oriented Ad hoc
Networks" (http://dit.unitn.it/wons/). In the paper, we provided a
discussion of conventional mobility models and proposed an activity
based approach for such modelling.

Regards,
Philipp

-----Urspr=FCngliche Nachricht-----
Von: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] Im Auftrag von
???
Gesendet: Dienstag, 18. November 2003 10:41
An: manet@ietf.org
Betreff: [manet] help for getting information about mobility model


Hi

I has found there are some mobility model, random model, waypoint model
etc.

Is here anyone who knows a web-site or papers for mobiliy model in
manet?

I am ready to gratitude for just a few your information.

Thank you.
cglee=99=A9=DE=B6f=A2=96)=E0=96+-=99=A9=DE=B6'=AD~=8A=E0=86=DBi=B3=FF=F0=C3=

bz=D7=E8=AE=0F=E6j)fj=7F=E5=8A=CBb=9D=FA?=99=A9=DE


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Hey,

In my opinion, the best paper on mobility models is this one:


T. Camp and J. Boleng and V. Davies,
A Survey of Mobility Models for Ad Hoc Network Research,
Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (WCMC):
Special issue on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking:  Research, Trends and

available at:

http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/camp02survey.html

I'd also check out BonnMotion (google it) for actually generating 
mobility
scenarios for ns-2 or glomosim.

Cheers,

Einar

----------------------------------------
Einar Vollset
PhD Student
School of Computing Science
University of Newcastle, UK
http://vollset.org
-----------------------------------------


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Subject: RE: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g
Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2003 13:10:15 +0100
Message-ID: <C0DFF6586F0B8345B30031F2DC2B9D2A0721C2@london.unik.no>
Thread-Topic: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g
thread-index: AcOtu2xOu/bT6oxEQxuyARTjNBUdtgABXIyQ
From: "Frank Li" <frank.li@unik.no>
To: "Claude Chaudet" <Claude.Chaudet@ens-lyon.fr>
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Hi Claude,=20

I guess you are using two-ray model with 'receiver sensitivity' -83 dBm =
and Tx power 15 dBm to get the following CS threshold.

Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_ 5.011872e-12

My question is - is it sensible to use 'receiver sensitivity' to =
calculate CS threshold? (Using the same calculation for -94 dBm at 1 =
Mbps, the sensing range will be 796 m).
Furthermore, does the CS threshold mean that the PHY header can be =
correctly decoded if received power is above the threshold, or the =
channel is sensed as busy but the PHY header can NOT be decoded?=20

BTW, CPThresh is the capture threshold, not required SNR to 'understand' =
the frame. When multiple frames are detected, the frame with strongest =
power (CPThresh>10) will be decoded, otherwise, all frames are =
discarded.=20

BR
Frank

  =20
-----Original Message-----
From: Claude Chaudet [mailto:Claude.Chaudet@ens-lyon.fr]
Sent: 18. november 2003 10:59
To: Emmanuel Agu
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g


Hello,

That's true, NS (at least version 2.26) simulates 2Mbps 802.11.

Nevertheless, you can change this by simply putting in your script the=20
following lines :
	Mac/802_11 set bandwidth_   11e6
	Mac/802_11 set dataRate_      11e6
	Mac/802_11 set basicRate_     2e6

This only changes the rate at which data is sent. This can be useful=20
for simulating
802.11b protocol, for which only the physical layer changes. But=20
simulating 802.11a
will need at least some timings modifications in the mac/mac-802_11.*=20
files.

Concerning the physical layer parameters, I tried to update some=20
parameters based on the
specification of an Avaya card. Nevertheless, being no expert in=20
physical layers, I cannot
guarantee this will be the exact parameters.
Here they are :
	Phy/WirelessPhy set CPThresh_ 10.0
	Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_ 5.011872e-12
	Phy/WirelessPhy set RXThresh_ 1.15209e-10
	Phy/WirelessPhy set Rb_ 11e6
	Phy/WirelessPhy set bandwidth_ 11e6
	Phy/WirelessPhy set Pt_ 0.031622777
	Phy/WirelessPhy set freq_ 2457e+6
	Phy/WirelessPhy set L_ 1.0

Concerning this, I wondered if anyone on this list could provide good=20
values once
and for all, so that we can use ns, opnet and any other simulator on=20
the same basis.
I am especially interested in the CPThresh parameter, i.e. the signal=20
over noise
ratio (in dB) required to understand a frame. I found no value in any=20
NIC specification.
I suppose it depends on the physical layer. 10 dB was used for early=20
802.11, is it still
the good value for newer ones ?

Claude Chaudet.


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Hi Edwin,=0D=0AI don't know a specific algorithm for estimating or predic=
ting end-to-end delay in manet. However, QOLSR which is an extension of t=
he OLSR routing protocol to support QoS in manets uses an estimation of e=
nd to end delay to choose the appropriate route from a source to a destin=
ation. QOLSR uses Hello and TC messages to estimate the end-to-end delay.=
 A description of this idea is presented in www.lri.fr/~alagha/OPNET/OLSR=
.pdf and in dept-info.labri.fr/algotel03/CameraReady/62.ps. I hope that i=
t could help you.=0D=0AMouna.=0D=0A--------------------------------------=
----=0D=0A> Hi all=0D=0A> =0D=0A> A similar question appeared some while =
ago but I haven't seen any reply. So=0D=0A> I'll repeat here.=0D=0A> =0D=0A=
> Is there any algorithm for estimating or predicting end-to-end delay in=
 a=0D=0A> manet? Also how wrong is that if I say the delay is proportiona=
l to the hop=0D=0A> count of a path?=0D=0A> =0D=0A> Thanks in advance.=0D=
=0A> =0D=0A> Edwin=0D=0A> =0D=0A> =0D=0A> _______________________________=
________________=0D=0A> manet mailing list=0D=0A> manet@ietf.org=0D=0A> h=
ttps://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet=0D=0A> =0A=0AAcc=E9dez au cou=
rrier =E9lectronique de La Poste : www.laposte.net ; =0A3615 LAPOSTENET (=
0,34=80/mn) ; t=E9l : 08 92 68 13 50 (0,34=80/mn)=0A=0A
--_=_XaM3_Bdry.1069159088.2A.425047.42.6181.52.42.1010.737
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1
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<P>Hi Edwin,</P>=0D=0A<P>I don't&nbsp;know a specific algorithm for estim=
ating or predicting end-to-end delay in manet. However, QOLSR which is an=
 extension of the OLSR routing protocol to support QoS in manets uses an =
estimation of end to end delay to choose the appropriate route from a sou=
rce to a destination. QOLSR uses Hello and TC messages to estimate the en=
d-to-end delay. A description of this idea is presented in <A href=3D"htt=
p://www.lri.fr/~alagha/OPNET/OLSR.pdf">www.lri.fr/~alagha/OPNET/OLSR.pdf<=
/A>&nbsp;and in dept-info.labri.fr/algotel03/CameraReady/62.ps. I hope th=
at it could help you.</P>=0D=0A<P>Mouna.</P>=0D=0A<P>--------------------=
----------------------<BR>&gt; Hi all</P>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; </DIV>=0D=0A<DIV=
>&gt; A similar question appeared some while ago but I haven't seen any r=
eply. So</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; I'll repeat here.</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; </DI=
V>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; Is there any algorithm for estimating or predicting end=
-to-end delay in a</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; manet? Also how wrong is that if =
I say the delay is proportional to the hop</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; count of =
a path?</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; </DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; Thanks in advance.</DI=
V>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; </DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; Edwin</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; </DIV>=
=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; </DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; ___________________________________=
____________</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; manet mailing list</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt;=
 manet@ietf.org</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listin=
fo/manet</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; </DIV>=0A<br><br>=0AAcc=E9dez au courrier =E9=
lectronique de La Poste : www.laposte.net ; =0A<br>=0A3615 LAPOSTENET (0,=
34=80/mn) ; t=E9l : 08 92 68 13 50 (0,34=80/mn)=0A=0A
--_=_XaM3_Bdry.1069159088.2A.425047.42.6181.52.42.1010.737--


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To: "=?iso-8859-1?Q?yiu.chan?=" <yiu.chan@imperial.ac.uk>
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Hi Edwin,=0D=0AI don't know a specific algorithm for estimating or predic=
ting end-to-end =0D=0Adelay in a manet. However, QOLSR which is an extens=
ion of the OLSR routing =0D=0Aprotocol to support QoS over manets uses a =
delay estimation to choose the =0D=0Aappropriate route between a source a=
nd a destination. It uses Hello and TC =0D=0Amessages to estimate and pre=
dict end to end delay. This idea is presented in =0D=0Awww.lri.fr/~alagha=
/OPNET/OLSR.pdf and in =0D=0Adept-info.labri.fr/algotel03/CameraReady/62.=
ps. I hope that this information =0D=0Acould help you.=0D=0AMouna.=0D=0A-=
--------------------------=0D=0A=0D=0A> Hi all=0D=0A> =0D=0A> A similar q=
uestion appeared some while ago but I haven't seen any reply. So=0D=0A> I=
'll repeat here.=0D=0A> =0D=0A> Is there any algorithm for estimating or =
predicting end-to-end delay in a=0D=0A> manet? Also how wrong is that if =
I say the delay is proportional to the hop=0D=0A> count of a path?=0D=0A>=
 =0D=0A> Thanks in advance.=0D=0A> =0D=0A> Edwin=0D=0A> =0D=0A> =0D=0A> _=
______________________________________________=0D=0A> manet mailing list=0D=
=0A> manet@ietf.org=0D=0A> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet=0D=
=0A> =0A=0AAcc=E9dez au courrier =E9lectronique de La Poste : www.laposte=
.net ; =0A3615 LAPOSTENET (0,34=80/mn) ; t=E9l : 08 92 68 13 50 (0,34=80/=
mn)=0A=0A
--_=_XaM3_Bdry.1069160652.2A.576011.42.13613.52.42.1010.14019
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<P>Hi Edwin,<BR>I don't know a specific algorithm for estimating or predi=
cting end-to-end </P>=0D=0A<P>delay in a manet. However, QOLSR which is a=
n extension of the OLSR routing </P>=0D=0A<P>protocol to support QoS over=
 manets uses a delay estimation to choose the </P>=0D=0A<P>appropriate ro=
ute between a source and a destination. It uses Hello and TC </P>=0D=0A<P=
>messages to estimate and predict end to end delay. This idea is presente=
d in </P>=0D=0A<P><A href=3D"http://www.lri.fr/~alagha/OPNET/OLSR.pdf">ww=
w.lri.fr/~alagha/OPNET/OLSR.pdf</A> and in </P>=0D=0A<P>dept-info.labri.f=
r/algotel03/CameraReady/62.ps. I hope that this information </P>=0D=0A<P>=
could help you.<BR>Mouna.</P>=0D=0A<P>---------------------------<BR></P>=
=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; Hi all</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; </DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; A simil=
ar question appeared some while ago but I haven't seen any reply. So</DIV=
>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; I'll repeat here.</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; </DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>=
&gt; Is there any algorithm for estimating or predicting end-to-end delay=
 in a</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; manet? Also how wrong is that if I say the del=
ay is proportional to the hop</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; count of a path?</DIV>=
=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; </DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; Thanks in advance.</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>=
&gt; </DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; Edwin</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; </DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&g=
t; </DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; _______________________________________________<=
/DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; manet mailing list</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; manet@ietf.o=
rg</DIV>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet</DIV=
>=0D=0A<DIV>&gt; </DIV>=0A<br><br>=0AAcc=E9dez au courrier =E9lectronique=
 de La Poste : www.laposte.net ; =0A<br>=0A3615 LAPOSTENET (0,34=80/mn) ;=
 t=E9l : 08 92 68 13 50 (0,34=80/mn)=0A=0A
--_=_XaM3_Bdry.1069160652.2A.576011.42.13613.52.42.1010.14019--


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From: "Justin" <jt981532@ncat.edu>
To: <manet@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2003 17:18:59 -0500
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Subject: [manet] Glomosim Java Visualization Tool
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Dear all users,

 

I am a graduate student at North Carolina A&T State University and I am
doing research in the area of wireless networks.  I downloaded GloMoSim
to assist in simulation.  I have successfully compiled and ran GloMoSim
in DOS and have viewed the outputted text file.  

 

The problem that I am having deals with the Java GUI.  I downloaded the
Java development kit 1.3.  Next I followed the steps in the vis_help
file:

 

[A] Preliminaries:

    - Make sure that the Java Development Kit (JDK) version 1.2 or
higher

      is installed on your machine. Our VT now base on swing package of
JDK

      If you prefer to use JDK 1.1, you must install the swing package
for

      JDK 1.1. The swing package is included in JDK1.2.

    - Make sure that you have already compiled the GloMoSim source
files.

      (see $glomo/doc/user.txt for more information on compiling
GloMoSim)

    - Compile the Java VT files:

      - cd to the $glomo/java_gui/ directory

      - type: "javac *.java"

 

[B] Starting the VT:

    - From the $glomo/java_gui/ directory, type: "java GlomoMain &"

 

[C] An Example Use of the VT:

    - Start up the VT as explained in part b above.

    - Select "Real Time" from the "Simulate" menu.

    - A dialog will pop up asking for the name of the executable to run.

      The default is: "../bin/Sim ../bin/CONFIG.IN"(UNIX) 

      or "..\bin\glomo ..\bin\CONFIG.IN"(Windows NT);

      Click the "OK" button to continue.

 

After performing the step in part [B] the GUI successfully opens and I
proceed to step [C].  But when I select "Real Time" from the "Simulate"
menu, I choose the correct files to execute and then nothing happens.  I
have also tried to perform the "Write Trace" option with no output.  The
trace file that I try to play back is empty.

 

Can you please help me resolve this issue or give me some suggestions?
Any replies will be greatly appreciated.

 

Thanks and have a wonderful day,

 

Justin Taylor

Graduate Research Assistant

North Carolina A&T State University

 

 


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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Dear all users,</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>I am a graduate student at </span></font><font =
size=3D2
  face=3DArial><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>North =
Carolina</span></font><font
 size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><font
  size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>A&amp;T</span></font><font
 size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><font
  size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>State</span></font><font
 size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><font
  size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>University</span></font><fon=
t
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> and I am
doing research in the area of wireless networks.&nbsp; I downloaded =
GloMoSim to
assist in simulation.&nbsp; I have successfully compiled and ran =
GloMoSim in
DOS and have viewed the outputted text file.&nbsp; </span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>The problem that I am having deals with the Java =
GUI.&nbsp;
I downloaded the Java development kit 1.3.&nbsp; Next I followed the =
steps in
the vis_help file:</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>[A] Preliminaries:</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Make sure that the Java
Development Kit (JDK) version 1.2 or higher</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; is installed =
on your
machine. Our VT now base on swing package of JDK</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If you prefer =
to use
JDK 1.1, you must install the swing package for</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JDK 1.1. The =
swing
package is included in JDK1.2.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Make sure that you have =
already
compiled the GloMoSim source files.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (see
$glomo/doc/user.txt for more information on compiling =
GloMoSim)</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Compile the Java VT =
files:</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - cd to the =
$glomo/java_gui/
directory</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - type: =
&quot;javac
*.java&quot;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>[B] Starting the VT:</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - From the =
$glomo/java_gui/
directory, type: &quot;java GlomoMain &amp;&quot;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>[C] An Example Use of the =
VT:</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Start up the VT as =
explained in
part b above.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Select &quot;Real =
Time&quot;
from the &quot;Simulate&quot; menu.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - A dialog will pop up =
asking for
the name of the executable to run.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The default =
is:
&quot;../bin/Sim ../bin/CONFIG.IN&quot;(UNIX) </span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; or =
&quot;..\bin\glomo
..\bin\CONFIG.IN&quot;(Windows NT);</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D1 face=3D"Courier New"><span =
style=3D'font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Courier New"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Click the
&quot;OK&quot; button to continue.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>After performing the step in part [B] the GUI =
successfully
opens and I proceed to step [C]. &nbsp;But when I select &#8220;Real
Time&#8221; from the &#8220;Simulate&#8221; menu, I choose the correct =
files to
execute and then nothing happens.&nbsp; I have also tried to perform the
&#8220;Write Trace&#8221; option with no output.&nbsp; The trace file =
that I
try to play back is empty.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Can you please help me resolve this issue or give me =
some
suggestions?&nbsp; Any replies will be greatly =
appreciated.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Thanks and have a wonderful day,</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Justin Taylor</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Graduate Research Assistant</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
  font-family:Arial'>North Carolina</span></font><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
 style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><font =
size=3D2
  face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>A&amp;T</span></font><font
 size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><font
  size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>State</span></font><font
 size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font><font
  size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>University</span></font></p>=


<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

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Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2003 16:06:39 -0800 (PST)
From: Suprio Ray <sray@cs.ubc.ca>
To: Justin <jt981532@ncat.edu>
cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] Glomosim Java Visualization Tool
In-Reply-To: <000001c3ae21$f715ca20$9c710898@ipcv3>
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I also faced similar problem. The solution that worked for me was that I
specified the FULL paths of  all files like  app.conf in the config.in
file. See if it works for you.

Best of luck.

-Suprio
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

On Tue, 18 Nov 2003, Justin wrote:

> Dear all users,
>
>
>
> I am a graduate student at North Carolina A&T State University and I am
> doing research in the area of wireless networks.  I downloaded GloMoSim
> to assist in simulation.  I have successfully compiled and ran GloMoSim
> in DOS and have viewed the outputted text file.
>
>
>
> The problem that I am having deals with the Java GUI.  I downloaded the
> Java development kit 1.3.  Next I followed the steps in the vis_help
> file:
>
>
>
> [A] Preliminaries:
>
>     - Make sure that the Java Development Kit (JDK) version 1.2 or
> higher
>
>       is installed on your machine. Our VT now base on swing package of
> JDK
>
>       If you prefer to use JDK 1.1, you must install the swing package
> for
>
>       JDK 1.1. The swing package is included in JDK1.2.
>
>     - Make sure that you have already compiled the GloMoSim source
> files.
>
>       (see $glomo/doc/user.txt for more information on compiling
> GloMoSim)
>
>     - Compile the Java VT files:
>
>       - cd to the $glomo/java_gui/ directory
>
>       - type: "javac *.java"
>
>
>
> [B] Starting the VT:
>
>     - From the $glomo/java_gui/ directory, type: "java GlomoMain &"
>
>
>
> [C] An Example Use of the VT:
>
>     - Start up the VT as explained in part b above.
>
>     - Select "Real Time" from the "Simulate" menu.
>
>     - A dialog will pop up asking for the name of the executable to run.
>
>       The default is: "../bin/Sim ../bin/CONFIG.IN"(UNIX)
>
>       or "..\bin\glomo ..\bin\CONFIG.IN"(Windows NT);
>
>       Click the "OK" button to continue.
>
>
>
> After performing the step in part [B] the GUI successfully opens and I
> proceed to step [C].  But when I select "Real Time" from the "Simulate"
> menu, I choose the correct files to execute and then nothing happens.  I
> have also tried to perform the "Write Trace" option with no output.  The
> trace file that I try to play back is empty.
>
>
>
> Can you please help me resolve this issue or give me some suggestions?
> Any replies will be greatly appreciated.
>
>
>
> Thanks and have a wonderful day,
>
>
>
> Justin Taylor
>
> Graduate Research Assistant
>
> North Carolina A&T State University
>
>
>
>
>
>

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Hi, Everybody,

Do you know one good maintained conference list for MANET?  Or some special issues on MANET? Thank you..

 
Regards!

Sincerely yours,
Li Zhuowei
****************************************************************************
****** Title:   Ph.D. candidate    
****** Email: zhwei.li@pmail.ntu.edu.sg                                   
****** Home: http://www.cais.ntu.edu.sg/~zhuowei
******        or http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home5/pg01316106
****************************************************************************
$B!!(J

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue Nov 18 22:32:23 2003
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hi, zhou wei

There is one: http://www.cs.ucla.edu/NRL/wireless/cfp.html.

li zhifei

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of #LI ZHUOWEI#
Sent: dimecres, 19 / novembre / 2003 11:11
To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: [manet] About the conferernce lists for MANET


Hi, Everybody,

Do you know one good maintained conference list for MANET?  Or some special issues on MANET? Thank you..

 
Regards!

Sincerely yours,
Li Zhuowei
****************************************************************************
****** Title:   Ph.D. candidate    
****** Email: zhwei.li@pmail.ntu.edu.sg                                   
****** Home: http://www.cais.ntu.edu.sg/~zhuowei
******        or http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home5/pg01316106
****************************************************************************
$B!!(J

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Nov 19 02:00:42 2003
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Subject: [manet] stochastic distribution
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--0-1121209390-1069225151=:2017
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Hi every body,
=20
What do you think about using a stochastic distributions associated with =
routing table : so, to eatch destination the source have more than one en=
try with different probabilities (the node S can reach the node D through=
 node1 with probabilty P1 and reach the same node D through node2 with pr=
obabilty P2).
=20
Using a stochastic distributions will improve, or not, scalability to mob=
ility and network size ?
=20
there is any metric witch contabilise the overhead when we use a stochast=
ic distribution?
=20
If there is any work related to this topic, please indicate it to me ?
if there is any one interested to this topic i will be very gratefull to =
establish a workgroup to develop this them ?



---------------------------------
Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en fran=E7ais !
Testez le nouveau Yahoo! Mail
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<DIV>Hi every body,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>What do you think about using a stochastic distributions associated =
with routing table : so, to eatch destination the source have more than o=
ne entry with different probabilities (the node S can reach the node D th=
rough node1 with probabilty P1 and reach the same node D through node2 wi=
th probabilty P2).</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Using a stochastic distributions will improve, or not,&nbsp;scalabil=
ity to mobility and network size ?</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>there is any metric witch contabilise the overhead when we use a sto=
chastic distribution?</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>If there is any work related to this topic, please indicate it to me=
 ?</DIV>
<DIV>if there is any one interested to this topic i will be very grateful=
l to establish a workgroup to develop this them ?</DIV><p><br><hr size=3D=
1>Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en fran=E7ais !<br>
<a href=3Dhttp://fr.mail.yahoo.com>Testez le nouveau Yahoo! Mail</a>
--0-1121209390-1069225151=:2017--

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Subject: Re: [manet] stochastic distribution
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Hi Xavier,

S.S. Kulkarni and G.R. Dattatreya of UT Dallas have
investigated a scenario similar to the one you describe,
and developed a stochastic routing technique.

See:

G. R. Dattatreya, S. S. Kulkarni, H. Martinez, and R.
Soto, "Adaptive control of heterogeneous ad hoc networks,"
IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and
Cybernetics, Nashville, TN, Oct. 2000.

S. S.  Kulkarni and G. R. Dattatreya, "SMART:
Statistically multiplexed adaptive routing techniques for
ad hoc networks," To appear in Wireless Networks: The
Journal of Mobile Communication, Computation, and
Information. vol. 10, no. 2, March 2004.

These are available in postscript at
www.utdallas.edu/~datta

Regards,

Don


On Wed, 19 Nov 2003, [iso-8859-1] xavier manavite wrote:

Hi every body,

What do you think about using a stochastic distributions
associated with routing table : so, to eatch destination
the source have more than one entry with different
probabilities (the node S can reach the node D through
node1 with probabilty P1 and reach the same node D through
node2 with probabilty P2).

Using a stochastic distributions will improve, or not,
scalability to mobility and network size ?

there is any metric witch contabilise the overhead when we
use a stochastic distribution?

If there is any work related to this topic, please
indicate it to me ? if there is any one interested to this
topic i will be very gratefull to establish a workgroup to
develop this them ?



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Subject: [manet] pls help me locate a paper
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Hi,

I am having trouble in locating a soft copy of the following paper that I need for my research.

"Selecting routers in wireless ad hoc networks" by A.K.Parekh, appeared in ITC 1994.

I have noticed that there is not a lot of research about the highest connectivity clustering for MANET's. If any of you know any referances about this apart from the Mario Gerla papers, I would be very grateful. 

Pallavi. 



Pallavi Mavinkurve

Pallavi.Mavinkurve@student.utdallas.edu

"If we are unwilling to be aware of the dark, we cannot see the light" 
John Cowan

 



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<P>Hi,</P>
<P>I am having trouble in locating a soft copy of the following paper that I need for my research.</P>
<P>"Selecting routers in wireless ad hoc networks" by A.K.Parekh, appeared in ITC 1994.</P>
<P>I have noticed that there&nbsp;is not a lot of research about the <EM>highest connectivity clustering</EM> for MANET's. If any of you know any referances about this apart from the Mario Gerla papers, I would be very grateful. </P>
<P>Pallavi.&nbsp;</P><BR><BR><DIV>
<P><FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" color=#5b5b5b>Pallavi Mavinkurve</FONT></P>
<P><A href="mailto:Pallavi.Mavinkurve@student.utdallas.edu"><FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" color=#5b5b5b>Pallavi.Mavinkurve@student.utdallas.edu</FONT></A></P><FONT color=#212143 size=3>
<P><FONT face="times new roman" color=#007f7f><FONT color=#0000bf>"If we are unwilling to be aware of the dark, we cannot see the light" </FONT>
<P align=right><FONT color=#0000bf>John Cowan</FONT></P>
<P align=right><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></FONT></P></FONT></DIV><p><hr SIZE=1>
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Subject: [manet] defer timer in NS
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Hi,
   Could someone let me know how the defer timer [in
mac 802.11] works in NS.. When does a node [ in NS]
defer its transmission.

Thanks in advance for any help.


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Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
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Hi all
I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary scenario 
(nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are distributed 
randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed so). However, 
is this assumption still valid under the mobility ?
Can anyone give me some advice ?

Peter Pham



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Hi Li Zhuowei

Here are a few more listings of journals/conferences related to MANETs

http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~adw5p/conferences.html
http://black.csl.uiuc.edu/~kawadia/confs.html
http://dutetvg.et.tudelft.nl/~alex/CFP/

Anup

> hi, zhou wei
> 
> There is one: http://www.cs.ucla.edu/NRL/wireless/cfp.html.
> 
> li zhifei
> 
---------------------
> 
> Hi, Everybody,
> 
> Do you know one good maintained conference list for MANET?  Or some special issues on MANET? Thank you..
> 
>  


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Subject: RE: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
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Hi Peter,

In general, the distribution of nodes while in motion differs from that
when they are stationary, but in the particular case you describe, I am
not sure.  

The Poisson distribution essentially describes a uniform distribution
over an unbounded region.  If the region is bounded, and if nodes pick a
location, then move to it, the distribution of nodes in motion will have
a more central distribution because when near a boundary, it is more
likely to pick a new location that is towards the interior than further
out.  However, without a boundary, this reasoning does not apply and it
might be that the distribution does not change.

So if the region is bounded, and if destinations are chosen according to
the original placement distribution, the answer is "yes," but if the
region is unbounded or if some other destination rule is used, I am not
sure.

John Mullen

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Peter Pham
Sent: Wednesday, November 19, 2003 6:04 PM
To: MANET
Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility


Hi all
I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary scenario

(nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are distributed 
randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed so). However, 
is this assumption still valid under the mobility ?
Can anyone give me some advice ?

Peter Pham



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From: yuichi tanaka <ytnk@ieee.org>
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Hi,

Did anyone analyze the L2/L1 entry time of 802.11b/g/a?
I want to know the time which it takes when a new terminal
goes into a BSS.

In order to be able to use a new terminal, 
how much time does it take?

Does a terminal scan the frequency, when going into BSS?
How much time does the scan take?

Could you teach me where the information about this is?

Thanks
Regards,

--
Yuichi Tanaka


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Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2003 12:03:47 +0900
From: Mohammad Aminul Haq <mohammad.aminul.haq@acm.org>
To: "Justin" <jt981532@ncat.edu>
Subject: Re: [manet] Glomosim Java Visualization Tool
Cc: <manet@ietf.org>
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Two solutions:

1. is to copy the configuration files (nodes.input, mobility.in, 
app.conf and config.in) to java_gui directory. 

2. is to specify in the VT the 
full path where the configuration file (CONFIG.IN) is located.
However in this case, full paths of all secondary configuration
files should also be specified in the CONFIG.IN file.

You can have a look in Glomosim-Users-L Mailing list.

-Aminul.


On Tue, 18 Nov 2003 17:18:59 -0500
"Justin" <jt981532@ncat.edu> wrote:

Dear all users,

 

I am a graduate student at North Carolina A&T State University and I am
doing research in the area of wireless networks.  I downloaded GloMoSim
to assist in simulation.  I have successfully compiled and ran GloMoSim
in DOS and have viewed the outputted text file.  

 

The problem that I am having deals with the Java GUI.  I downloaded the
Java development kit 1.3.  Next I followed the steps in the vis_help
file:

 

[A] Preliminaries:

    - Make sure that the Java Development Kit (JDK) version 1.2 or
higher

      is installed on your machine. Our VT now base on swing package of
JDK

      If you prefer to use JDK 1.1, you must install the swing package
for

      JDK 1.1. The swing package is included in JDK1.2.

    - Make sure that you have already compiled the GloMoSim source
files.

      (see $glomo/doc/user.txt for more information on compiling
GloMoSim)

    - Compile the Java VT files:

      - cd to the $glomo/java_gui/ directory

      - type: "javac *.java"

 

[B] Starting the VT:

    - From the $glomo/java_gui/ directory, type: "java GlomoMain &"

 

[C] An Example Use of the VT:

    - Start up the VT as explained in part b above.

    - Select "Real Time" from the "Simulate" menu.

    - A dialog will pop up asking for the name of the executable to run.

      The default is: "../bin/Sim ../bin/CONFIG.IN"(UNIX) 

      or "..\bin\glomo ..\bin\CONFIG.IN"(Windows NT);

      Click the "OK" button to continue.

 

After performing the step in part [B] the GUI successfully opens and I
proceed to step [C].  But when I select "Real Time" from the "Simulate"
menu, I choose the correct files to execute and then nothing happens.  I
have also tried to perform the "Write Trace" option with no output.  The
trace file that I try to play back is empty.

 

Can you please help me resolve this issue or give me some suggestions?
Any replies will be greatly appreciated.

 

Thanks and have a wonderful day,

 

Justin Taylor

Graduate Research Assistant

North Carolina A&T State University

 

 


-- 
Mohammad Aminul Haq <mohammad.aminul.haq@acm.org>


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Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2003 17:24:55 -0800 (PST)
From: "Zhenqiang(Frank) Ye" <zye@cs.ucr.edu>
To: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
cc: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
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On Thu, 20 Nov 2003, Peter Pham wrote:

> Hi all
> I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary scenario
> (nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are distributed
> randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed so). However,
What do you mean Poission distribution?

Thanks,

Frank


> is this assumption still valid under the mobility ?
> Can anyone give me some advice ?
>
> Peter Pham
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>

-- 

****************************************
Zhenqiang(Frank) Ye
Ph.D Student
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of California, Riverside
Phone: (909)-787-2434
email: zye@cs.ucr.edu
****************************************


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--=-VbMX6tfpBgg0xndOHTea
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
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Hello,

According to draft-guerrero-manet-saodv-00, in the signature for the
extension, some fields of the extension itself are also signed. These
normally include the Length of the extension.

The Length of the extension is calculated as the size of the extension
except the type and length fields. (according to the rfc)

My question is simple: If the signature is variable in length and
depends on the data, how can we sign over the length field of the
extension which depends on the same signature we are producing?
Depending on the algorithm being used, it can be impossible to predict a
multiple of 4 bytes for the size of the signature.

Should length be zeroed out for signature calculation?

Thanks in advance,

joao girao

--=20
Jo=C3=A3o Gir=C3=A3o (Joao.Girao@ccrle.nec.de)
NEC Europe Ltd., Network Laboratories
Tel. (+49) 6221 90511-17
Fax: (+49) 6221 90511-55

--=-VbMX6tfpBgg0xndOHTea
Content-Type: application/pgp-signature; name=signature.asc
Content-Description: This is a digitally signed message part

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux)

iD8DBQA/vIqazT+O0HlWj/8RAgroAJ4/EZ3QQglnI/qqBMDwIriDVQs9mwCfeWoC
Gpx4R42lD0gBAy+jHep+WIw=
=gQDW
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

--=-VbMX6tfpBgg0xndOHTea--


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From: Manel Guerrero <manel.guerrero@upf.edu>
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Subject: Re: [manet] SAODV - signature
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Hi Joao,

The size of the signature has variable length because different 
algorithms to generate signatures might generate signatures of different 
length. Anyway, when you generate an SAODV message you know which 
algorithm you are gonna use and, therefore, what is gonna be the length 
of the signature. Then, it is not a problem at all to calculate the 
length field before calculating the signature.

Hope this helps,

	Manel Guerrero


Joao Girao wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> According to draft-guerrero-manet-saodv-00, in the signature for the
> extension, some fields of the extension itself are also signed. These
> normally include the Length of the extension.
> 
> The Length of the extension is calculated as the size of the extension
> except the type and length fields. (according to the rfc)
> 
> My question is simple: If the signature is variable in length and
> depends on the data, how can we sign over the length field of the
> extension which depends on the same signature we are producing?
> Depending on the algorithm being used, it can be impossible to predict a
> multiple of 4 bytes for the size of the signature.
> 
> Should length be zeroed out for signature calculation?
> 
> Thanks in advance,
> 
> joao girao
> 



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Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2003 13:45:14 +0100 (CET)
From: =?iso-8859-1?q?xavier=20manavite?= <xavier_manavite@yahoo.fr>
Subject: Re: [manet] stochastic distribution
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--0-898362919-1069332314=:77310
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Hi sanjay,
=20
Wellcome to group.
=20
I think there are to problem to resolve :
1- Finding a mecanism to distribute probabilities to attain a destination=
 : using intelligent swarms is proposed in "A probabilistic Emergent Rout=
ing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks" (you can find it with Google)
or using a basic routing protocol to dissiminate probability informations=
 (this necessite choosing an adapted routing protocol)
if there is any other mecanism it will be wellcome.
=20
2- How to determine probabilities : I think that the idea proposed in "MP=
-DSR A QoS-aware Multi-path Dynamic Source Routing protocol for Wireless =
Ad Hoc Networks" is adapted if we add to it a probability corresponding t=
o intermediate nodes witch depends on energy level, connectivity (number =
of neighbors) and traffic.
=20

sanjay.ramaswamy@ndsu.nodak.edu wrote:
Hi Xavier,

I was also thinking of applying stochastic approach to find, and maintain
reliable routes in MANETs. Yes, I would be intersted in joining the group.
Add me to your list.

Sanjay

> Hi every body,
>
> What do you think about using a stochastic distributions associated wit=
h
> routing table : so, to eatch destination the source have more than one
> entry with different probabilities (the node S can reach the node D
> through node1 with probabilty P1 and reach the same node D through node=
2
> with probabilty P2).
>
> Using a stochastic distributions will improve, or not, scalability to
> mobility and network size ?
>
> there is any metric witch contabilise the overhead when we use a
> stochastic distribution?
>
> If there is any work related to this topic, please indicate it to me ?
> if there is any one interested to this topic i will be very gratefull t=
o
> establish a workgroup to develop this them ?
>
>
>
> ---------------------------------
> Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en fran=E7ais !
> Testez le nouveau Yahoo! Mail









---------------------------------
Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en fran=E7ais !
Testez le nouveau Yahoo! Mail
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<DIV>
<DIV>Hi sanjay,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Wellcome to group.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I think there are to problem to resolve :</DIV>
<DIV>1- Finding a mecanism to distribute probabilities to attain a destin=
ation : using intelligent swarms is proposed in "A probabilistic Emergent=
 Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks" (you can find it with Goog=
le)</DIV>
<DIV>or using a basic routing protocol to dissiminate probability informa=
tions (this necessite choosing an adapted routing protocol)</DIV>
<DIV>if there&nbsp;is any other mecanism it will be wellcome.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>2- How to determine probabilities : I think that the idea proposed i=
n "MP-DSR A QoS-aware Multi-path Dynamic Source Routing protocol for Wire=
less Ad Hoc Networks" is adapted if we add to it a probability correspond=
ing to intermediate nodes witch depends on energy level,&nbsp;connectivit=
y (number of neighbors)&nbsp;and traffic.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><BR><B><I>sanjay.ramaswamy@ndsu.nodak.edu</I></B> wrote:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE class=3Dreplbq style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: #1010ff 2px solid; MARGI=
N-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Hi Xavier,<BR><BR>I was also thinking of =
applying stochastic approach to find, and maintain<BR>reliable routes in =
MANETs. Yes, I would be intersted in joining the group.<BR>Add me to your=
 list.<BR><BR>Sanjay<BR><BR>&gt; Hi every body,<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; What do y=
ou think about using a stochastic distributions associated with<BR>&gt; r=
outing table : so, to eatch destination the source have more than one<BR>=
&gt; entry with different probabilities (the node S can reach the node D<=
BR>&gt; through node1 with probabilty P1 and reach the same node D throug=
h node2<BR>&gt; with probabilty P2).<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; Using a stochastic d=
istributions will improve, or not, scalability to<BR>&gt; mobility and ne=
twork size ?<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; there is any metric witch contabilise the ov=
erhead when we use a<BR>&gt; stochastic distribution?<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; If =
there is any work related to this topic, please
 indicate it to me ?<BR>&gt; if there is any one interested to this topic=
 i will be very gratefull to<BR>&gt; establish a workgroup to develop thi=
s them ?<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt;<BR>&gt; --------------------------------=
-<BR>&gt; Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo.fr gratuite et en fran=E7a=
is !<BR>&gt; Testez le  nouveau Yahoo! Mail<BR><BR><BR></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><BR></P></DIV><p><br><hr size=3D1>Do You Yahoo!? -- Une adresse @yahoo=
.fr gratuite et en fran=E7ais !<br>
<a href=3Dhttp://fr.mail.yahoo.com>Testez le nouveau Yahoo! Mail</a>
--0-898362919-1069332314=:77310--

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Subject: RE: [manet] SAODV - signature
From: Joao Girao <Joao.Girao@ccrle.nec.de>
To: #ZHOU ZHI# <zhouzhi@pmail.ntu.edu.sg>
Cc: manet@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: <34C4FA35021357469685D8102806A1C06F86D5@mail01.student.main.ntu.edu.sg>
References: 
	 <34C4FA35021357469685D8102806A1C06F86D5@mail01.student.main.ntu.edu.sg>
Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha1; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="=-LmuFl7896iaFzV+gj5jY"
Organization: Network Laboratories Heidelberg
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That's exactly what I meant.
For the same digest size, the signature size can be different depending
on the contents.


On Thu, 2003-11-20 at 11:00, #ZHOU ZHI# wrote:
> do you mean the signature size depends on the content of the "Length" fie=
ld?=20
> If you calculate signature over just any single byte of data, will your s=
ignature size be the fixed?=20
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Joa=
o Girao
> Sent: 2003=E5=B9=B411=E6=9C=8820=E6=97=A5 17:34
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: [manet] SAODV - signature
>=20
> Hello,
>=20
> According to draft-guerrero-manet-saodv-00, in the signature for the exte=
nsion, some fields of the extension itself are also signed. These normally =
include the Length of the extension.
>=20
> The Length of the extension is calculated as the size of the extension ex=
cept the type and length fields. (according to the rfc)
>=20
> My question is simple: If the signature is variable in length and depends=
 on the data, how can we sign over the length field of the extension which =
depends on the same signature we are producing?
> Depending on the algorithm being used, it can be impossible to predict a =
multiple of 4 bytes for the size of the signature.
>=20
> Should length be zeroed out for signature calculation?
>=20
> Thanks in advance,
>=20
> joao girao
>=20
> --
> Jo=C3=A3o Gir=C3=A3o (Joao.Girao@ccrle.nec.de)
> NEC Europe Ltd., Network Laboratories
> Tel. (+49) 6221 90511-17
> Fax: (+49) 6221 90511-55
--=20
Jo=C3=A3o Gir=C3=A3o (Joao.Girao@ccrle.nec.de)
NEC Europe Ltd., Network Laboratories
Tel. (+49) 6221 90511-17
Fax: (+49) 6221 90511-55

--=-LmuFl7896iaFzV+gj5jY
Content-Type: application/pgp-signature; name=signature.asc
Content-Description: This is a digitally signed message part

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.0.7 (GNU/Linux)

iD8DBQA/vLjNzT+O0HlWj/8RArVVAJ9n2qKcOrkc5dxLSh4o7LjV/9dBfgCeIm9Y
7P7KV9mVorz/AbbZ428wAK0=
=/E/F
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

--=-LmuFl7896iaFzV+gj5jY--


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From: "#ZHOU ZHI#" <zhouzhi@pmail.ntu.edu.sg>
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Subject: RE: [manet] SAODV - signature
From: Joao Girao <Joao.Girao@ccrle.nec.de>
To: #ZHOU ZHI# <zhouzhi@pmail.ntu.edu.sg>
Cc: manet@ietf.org
In-Reply-To: <34C4FA35021357469685D8102806A1C06F86DE@mail01.student.main.ntu.edu.sg>
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	 <34C4FA35021357469685D8102806A1C06F86DE@mail01.student.main.ntu.edu.sg>
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Well, ok.
My approach will then be to calculate a maximum signature size and use
that to calculate de length to be signed.

That should fall well with other encryption schemes in which the size of
the future signature is known in advanced.

Thank you for your help,

joao girao

On Thu, 2003-11-20 at 14:02, #ZHOU ZHI# wrote:
> I am not sure about the advantages of this kind of signature scheme becau=
se as Manel Guerrero said, there do exist some signature schemes making lif=
e easy. Furthermore, from the cryptographic point of view, this property ma=
y be undesirable because contents are related to the final signature size, =
which gives hints for cracking.=20
>=20
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Joao Girao [mailto:Joao.Girao@ccrle.nec.de]=20
> Sent: 2003=E5=B9=B411=E6=9C=8820=E6=97=A5 20:51
> To: #ZHOU ZHI#
> Cc: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [manet] SAODV - signature
>=20
> That's exactly what I meant.
> For the same digest size, the signature size can be different depending o=
n the contents.
>=20
>=20
> On Thu, 2003-11-20 at 11:00, #ZHOU ZHI# wrote:
> > do you mean the signature size depends on the content of the "Length" f=
ield?=20
> > If you calculate signature over just any single byte of data, will your=
 signature size be the fixed?=20
> >=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of=20
> > Joao Girao
> > Sent: 2003=E5=B9=B411=E6=9C=8820=E6=97=A5 17:34
> > To: manet@ietf.org
> > Subject: [manet] SAODV - signature
> >=20
> > Hello,
> >=20
> > According to draft-guerrero-manet-saodv-00, in the signature for the ex=
tension, some fields of the extension itself are also signed. These normall=
y include the Length of the extension.
> >=20
> > The Length of the extension is calculated as the size of the extension=20
> > except the type and length fields. (according to the rfc)
> >=20
> > My question is simple: If the signature is variable in length and depen=
ds on the data, how can we sign over the length field of the extension whic=
h depends on the same signature we are producing?
> > Depending on the algorithm being used, it can be impossible to predict =
a multiple of 4 bytes for the size of the signature.
> >=20
> > Should length be zeroed out for signature calculation?
> >=20
> > Thanks in advance,
> >=20
> > joao girao
> >=20
> > --
> > Jo=C3=A3o Gir=C3=A3o (Joao.Girao@ccrle.nec.de)
> > NEC Europe Ltd., Network Laboratories
> > Tel. (+49) 6221 90511-17
> > Fax: (+49) 6221 90511-55
> --
> Jo=C3=A3o Gir=C3=A3o (Joao.Girao@ccrle.nec.de)
> NEC Europe Ltd., Network Laboratories
> Tel. (+49) 6221 90511-17
> Fax: (+49) 6221 90511-55
--=20
Jo=C3=A3o Gir=C3=A3o (Joao.Girao@ccrle.nec.de)
NEC Europe Ltd., Network Laboratories
Tel. (+49) 6221 90511-17
Fax: (+49) 6221 90511-55

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Message-ID: <00ab01c3af68$6baa7a60$1f175d80@inria.fr>
From: "Philippe Jacquet" <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
To: "Peter Pham" <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>, "MANET" <manet@ietf.org>
References: <3FBC12F3.2010808@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2003 14:15:49 +0100
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Yes, Peter, the distribution changes if you introduce mobility and it
depends on the mobility model. Take the random way point model where each
node has a distinct a random destination point selected uniformly in a
square, and each node moves to this destination at constant speed. In this
case, the stationary density at point (x,y) (assuming a 1x1 square) is
*( x* log x+(1-x)*log(1-x))*(y*log y +(1-y)*log(1-y)) which differs from
uniform density (which is equal to 1 at any point in the 1x1 square).

Philippe
----- Original Message -----
From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
To: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 2:03 AM
Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility


> Hi all
> I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary scenario
> (nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are distributed
> randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed so). However,
> is this assumption still valid under the mobility ?
> Can anyone give me some advice ?
>
> Peter Pham
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
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Is there any good work/paper that analyzes transport protocols in =
wireless, mobile networks? Such as using TCP or TCP with some specific =
wireless enhancements? Or maybe someone has a different, good solution =
for this problem?

I would appreciate links to papers or other sources.

Regards,
Andreas Hafslund
UniK - Universty Graduate Center
Norway


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From: Claude Chaudet <Claude.Chaudet@ens-lyon.fr>
Subject: Re: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2003 15:34:41 +0100
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Hi Frank,

In fact I hesitated about using the "receiver sensivity" parameter of=20
the card as the carrier sense
threshold or as the minimum power needed to understand a frame (Rx=20
threshold). I chose to
use it as a carrier sense threshold as the range in ns, using these=20
values, almost corresponded
to the range  advertised for "open office" in the Avaya specification.

For the capture threshold, that's true, that is not the SNR. Sorry for=20=

this confusion.
But apart from NS or a particular simulator, I am still looking for=20
realistic values for
these parameters.

I don't know what is needed in a simulator to model the physical layer=20=

accurately enough.
The parameters used in NS are important, but are they enough ? For=20
example,  a
different set of values would be needed for each transmission rate /=20
physical layer coding,
especially  considering that different parts of 802.11 frames are=20
transmitted at different rates.

Anyway, to get back to the original question, do these PHY layer=20
parameters have a real influence on
the MAC layer behavior or do they just change the communication and=20
interference ranges ?

Claude.

Le 18 nov. 03, =E0 13:10, Frank Li a =E9crit :

> Hi Claude,
>
> I guess you are using two-ray model with 'receiver sensitivity' -83=20
> dBm and Tx power 15 dBm to get the following CS threshold.
>
> Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_ 5.011872e-12
>
> My question is - is it sensible to use 'receiver sensitivity' to=20
> calculate CS threshold? (Using the same calculation for -94 dBm at 1=20=

> Mbps, the sensing range will be 796 m).
> Furthermore, does the CS threshold mean that the PHY header can be=20
> correctly decoded if received power is above the threshold, or the=20
> channel is sensed as busy but the PHY header can NOT be decoded?
>
> BTW, CPThresh is the capture threshold, not required SNR to=20
> 'understand' the frame. When multiple frames are detected, the frame=20=

> with strongest power (CPThresh>10) will be decoded, otherwise, all=20
> frames are discarded.
>
> BR
> Frank
Claude.


_______________________________________________
manet mailing list
manet@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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Subject: Re: [manet] Transport protocols in wireless, mobile networks
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At 08:17 AM 11/20/2003, Andreas Hafslund wrote:
>Is there any good work/paper that analyzes transport protocols in wireless, mobile networks? Such as using TCP or TCP with some specific wireless enhancements? Or maybe someone has a different, good solution for this problem?

There are many papers on this subject.
I wouldn't want to provide an incomplete list.

Check past Mobihoc, Mobicom events for one.


>I would appreciate links to papers or other sources.
>
>Regards,
>Andreas Hafslund
>UniK - Universty Graduate Center
>Norway
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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From: Mineo Takai <mineo@cs.ucla.edu>
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Subject: Re: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g
References: <C0DFF6586F0B8345B30031F2DC2B9D2A0721C2@london.unik.no> <AD5FC4B2-1B66-11D8-A62E-003065BF92A2@ens-lyon.fr>
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Hello Claude,

You might be interested in one of our papers that discusses issues with=20
PHY parameters and the overall manet performance:

Mineo Takai, Jay Martin and Rajive Bagrodia, "Effects of Wireless=20
Physical Layer Modeling in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," MobiHoc 2001, pp. 87-=
94.

Mineo

Claude Chaudet wrote:
> Hi Frank,
>=20
> In fact I hesitated about using the "receiver sensivity" parameter of=20
> the card as the carrier sense
> threshold or as the minimum power needed to understand a frame (Rx=20
> threshold). I chose to
> use it as a carrier sense threshold as the range in ns, using these=20
> values, almost corresponded
> to the range  advertised for "open office" in the Avaya specification.
>=20
> For the capture threshold, that's true, that is not the SNR. Sorry for=20
> this confusion.
> But apart from NS or a particular simulator, I am still looking for=20
> realistic values for
> these parameters.
>=20
> I don't know what is needed in a simulator to model the physical layer=20
> accurately enough.
> The parameters used in NS are important, but are they enough ? For=20
> example,  a
> different set of values would be needed for each transmission rate /=20
> physical layer coding,
> especially  considering that different parts of 802.11 frames are=20
> transmitted at different rates.
>=20
> Anyway, to get back to the original question, do these PHY layer=20
> parameters have a real influence on
> the MAC layer behavior or do they just change the communication and=20
> interference ranges ?
>=20
> Claude.
>=20
> Le 18 nov. 03, =E0 13:10, Frank Li a =E9crit :
>=20
>> Hi Claude,
>>
>> I guess you are using two-ray model with 'receiver sensitivity' -83=20
>> dBm and Tx power 15 dBm to get the following CS threshold.
>>
>> Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_ 5.011872e-12
>>
>> My question is - is it sensible to use 'receiver sensitivity' to=20
>> calculate CS threshold? (Using the same calculation for -94 dBm at 1=20
>> Mbps, the sensing range will be 796 m).
>> Furthermore, does the CS threshold mean that the PHY header can be=20
>> correctly decoded if received power is above the threshold, or the=20
>> channel is sensed as busy but the PHY header can NOT be decoded?
>>
>> BTW, CPThresh is the capture threshold, not required SNR to=20
>> 'understand' the frame. When multiple frames are detected, the frame=20
>> with strongest power (CPThresh>10) will be decoded, otherwise, all=20
>> frames are discarded.
>>
>> BR
>> Frank
>=20
> Claude.
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>=20


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Hi Claude

> In fact I hesitated about using the "receiver sensivity" parameter of 
> the card as the carrier sense
> threshold or as the minimum power needed to understand a frame (Rx 
> threshold). I chose to
> use it as a carrier sense threshold as the range in ns, using these 
> values, almost corresponded
> to the range  advertised for "open office" in the Avaya specification. 


So what you use as the sensing range is still 550 m, the transmission 
range for  1 Mbps in the card specification which is also
the default value in ns2. But I feel the sensing range should be even 
larger. For example, in Xu, Gerla and Bae Globecom02 paper ' How 
effective is the IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS handshake in ad hoc neteworks?', 
the sensing range for 2 Mbps is calculated as 670 m (I guess they used 
the 'receiver sensitivity' to obtain this value).  As 1 Mbps has longer 
transmission range, the corresponding sensing range should be larger.

Let me repeat the same question in my previous mail. Assume the received 
power is just above the CS threshold and the channel is sensed as busy. 
Does this mean that the PHY header (PMD/PLCP) can be correctly decoded 
but not the MPDU, or  even the PHY header itself can NOT be decoded? Can 
anyone give me an 'authoritative' answer to this point? Thanks.

>
> I don't know what is needed in a simulator to model the physical layer 
> accurately enough.
> The parameters used in NS are important, but are they enough ? For 
> example,  a
> different set of values would be needed for each transmission rate / 
> physical layer coding,
> especially  considering that different parts of 802.11 frames are 
> transmitted at different rates.
>
> Anyway, to get back to the original question, do these PHY layer 
> parameters have a real influence on
> the MAC layer behavior or do they just change the communication and 
> interference ranges ?

I do believe they have impact on the MAC layer performance. But the 
current version of ns2 obviously does not provide us with enough info on 
physical layer, e.g. the phsical header is not readable, all data rates 
have the same transmission range, the modulation schemes are not really 
implmented.


Frank









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From: Vikram Kanodia <kanodia@rice.edu>
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Subject: Re: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g
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Hi,

To evaluate our protocol, Opportunistic Auto rate (OAR) for multi rate
802.11 (MobiCom 2002) we have implemented multi-rate 802.11 in
ns-2.1b7a with the following salient features:

- PHY headers are transmitted at the base rate of 1 Mbps.

- Possible data transmission rates (for the MPDU part of a packet) are 2
Mbps, 5.5 Mbps and 11 Mbps.

- The range for each data rate (corresponding to a different received
power threshold) was set using data from atheros web site of data rate
versus range values and also from experiments performed using an ORINOCCO
wireless NIC).

The range (with no channel fading and only two ray ground path loss
model) were as follows:

0-100m ---> 11Mbps
100m-200m --> 5.5Mbps
200m-250m --> 2Mbps

The code (with our implementation of OAR) and related papers can be found
at:
http://www.ece.rice.edu/networks/

and by following the link to software and OAR.

Comments, feedback, anecdotes (preferably humorous ones) about your
experiences with the code are appreciated.

Also if you do decide to use the code (for your research or for fun) we
would appreciate it if you drop
an email to Bahareh (bahar@rice.edu) or Vikram (kanodia@rice.edu) to let
us know of the fact - this will help us keep a track of people who use the
code and also keep you informed of any updates to the code/bug fixes etc.

Thanks,
-Vikram




> Hi Claude
>
> > In fact I hesitated about using the "receiver sensivity" parameter of
> > the card as the carrier sense
> > threshold or as the minimum power needed to understand a frame (Rx
> > threshold). I chose to
> > use it as a carrier sense threshold as the range in ns, using these
> > values, almost corresponded
> > to the range  advertised for "open office" in the Avaya specification.
>
>
> So what you use as the sensing range is still 550 m, the transmission
> range for  1 Mbps in the card specification which is also
> the default value in ns2. But I feel the sensing range should be even
> larger. For example, in Xu, Gerla and Bae Globecom02 paper ' How
> effective is the IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS handshake in ad hoc neteworks?',
> the sensing range for 2 Mbps is calculated as 670 m (I guess they used
> the 'receiver sensitivity' to obtain this value).  As 1 Mbps has longer
> transmission range, the corresponding sensing range should be larger.
>
> Let me repeat the same question in my previous mail. Assume the received
> power is just above the CS threshold and the channel is sensed as busy.
> Does this mean that the PHY header (PMD/PLCP) can be correctly decoded
> but not the MPDU, or  even the PHY header itself can NOT be decoded? Can
> anyone give me an 'authoritative' answer to this point? Thanks.
>
> >
> > I don't know what is needed in a simulator to model the physical layer
> > accurately enough.
> > The parameters used in NS are important, but are they enough ? For
> > example,  a
> > different set of values would be needed for each transmission rate /
> > physical layer coding,
> > especially  considering that different parts of 802.11 frames are
> > transmitted at different rates.
> >
> > Anyway, to get back to the original question, do these PHY layer
> > parameters have a real influence on
> > the MAC layer behavior or do they just change the communication and
> > interference ranges ?
>
> I do believe they have impact on the MAC layer performance. But the
> current version of ns2 obviously does not provide us with enough info on
> physical layer, e.g. the phsical header is not readable, all data rates
> have the same transmission range, the modulation schemes are not really
> implmented.
>
>
> Frank
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>


Department of ECE, Rice University | 713 348 3786 (O)| 713 664 5650(H)
WWW: http://www.ece.rice.edu/~kanodia


_______________________________________________
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manet@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu Nov 20 12:43:35 2003
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From: Vikram Kanodia <kanodia@rice.edu>
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Cc: Claude Chaudet <Claude.Chaudet@ens-lyon.fr>, <manet@ietf.org>,
        Bahareh Sadeghi <bahar@rice.edu>
Subject: Re: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g
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Also to add to my previous email - we have not tied the possible data
transmission rates to physical distance - rather we have tied the possible
data transmission rate to received power thresholds which correspond to
the distances given earlier in the presence of a \emph{non-fading
channel} only.

In the presence of a fading channel (Ricean for example) the data
rate-distance chart does not hold true and it may happen that for severe
fading (Ricean parameter, K = 0) maximum possible data rate is 2Mbps at
distances as low as 75 m.

Hope this clarifies matters a bit more.

-Vikram


>
> Hi,
>
> To evaluate our protocol, Opportunistic Auto rate (OAR) for multi rate
> 802.11 (MobiCom 2002) we have implemented multi-rate 802.11 in
> ns-2.1b7a with the following salient features:
>
> - PHY headers are transmitted at the base rate of 1 Mbps.
>
> - Possible data transmission rates (for the MPDU part of a packet) are 2
> Mbps, 5.5 Mbps and 11 Mbps.
>
> - The range for each data rate (corresponding to a different received
> power threshold) was set using data from atheros web site of data rate
> versus range values and also from experiments performed using an ORINOCCO
> wireless NIC).
>
> The range (with no channel fading and only two ray ground path loss
> model) were as follows:
>
> 0-100m ---> 11Mbps
> 100m-200m --> 5.5Mbps
> 200m-250m --> 2Mbps
>
> The code (with our implementation of OAR) and related papers can be found
> at:
> http://www.ece.rice.edu/networks/
>
> and by following the link to software and OAR.
>
> Comments, feedback, anecdotes (preferably humorous ones) about your
> experiences with the code are appreciated.
>
> Also if you do decide to use the code (for your research or for fun) we
> would appreciate it if you drop
> an email to Bahareh (bahar@rice.edu) or Vikram (kanodia@rice.edu) to let
> us know of the fact - this will help us keep a track of people who use the
> code and also keep you informed of any updates to the code/bug fixes etc.
>
> Thanks,
> -Vikram
>
>
>
>
> > Hi Claude
> >
> > > In fact I hesitated about using the "receiver sensivity" parameter of
> > > the card as the carrier sense
> > > threshold or as the minimum power needed to understand a frame (Rx
> > > threshold). I chose to
> > > use it as a carrier sense threshold as the range in ns, using these
> > > values, almost corresponded
> > > to the range  advertised for "open office" in the Avaya specification.
> >
> >
> > So what you use as the sensing range is still 550 m, the transmission
> > range for  1 Mbps in the card specification which is also
> > the default value in ns2. But I feel the sensing range should be even
> > larger. For example, in Xu, Gerla and Bae Globecom02 paper ' How
> > effective is the IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS handshake in ad hoc neteworks?',
> > the sensing range for 2 Mbps is calculated as 670 m (I guess they used
> > the 'receiver sensitivity' to obtain this value).  As 1 Mbps has longer
> > transmission range, the corresponding sensing range should be larger.
> >
> > Let me repeat the same question in my previous mail. Assume the received
> > power is just above the CS threshold and the channel is sensed as busy.
> > Does this mean that the PHY header (PMD/PLCP) can be correctly decoded
> > but not the MPDU, or  even the PHY header itself can NOT be decoded? Can
> > anyone give me an 'authoritative' answer to this point? Thanks.
> >
> > >
> > > I don't know what is needed in a simulator to model the physical layer
> > > accurately enough.
> > > The parameters used in NS are important, but are they enough ? For
> > > example,  a
> > > different set of values would be needed for each transmission rate /
> > > physical layer coding,
> > > especially  considering that different parts of 802.11 frames are
> > > transmitted at different rates.
> > >
> > > Anyway, to get back to the original question, do these PHY layer
> > > parameters have a real influence on
> > > the MAC layer behavior or do they just change the communication and
> > > interference ranges ?
> >
> > I do believe they have impact on the MAC layer performance. But the
> > current version of ns2 obviously does not provide us with enough info on
> > physical layer, e.g. the phsical header is not readable, all data rates
> > have the same transmission range, the modulation schemes are not really
> > implmented.
> >
> >
> > Frank
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
>
>
> Department of ECE, Rice University | 713 348 3786 (O)| 713 664 5650(H)
> WWW: http://www.ece.rice.edu/~kanodia
>
>


Department of ECE, Rice University | 713 348 3786 (O)| 713 664 5650(H)
WWW: http://www.ece.rice.edu/~kanodia


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From: Pallavi Mavinkurve <pallumavin@yahoo.com>
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Subject: [manet] Re: Transport protocols in wireless, mobile networks
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>Is there any good work/paper that analyzes transport protocols in wireless, mobile networks? Such as using TCP or TCP with some specific
wireless enhancements? Or maybe someone has a different, good solution for this problem?

there are many papers for wireless TCP. the following is a good paper for comparison analysis of various schemes.

A Comparison of Mechanisms for Improving TCP Performance over Wireless Links. Hari Balakrishnan, Venkat Padmanabhan, Srinivasan Seshan, and Randy H. Katz.
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, December 1997.


 



 



Pallavi Mavinkurve

Pallavi.Mavinkurve@student.utdallas.edu

"If we are unwilling to be aware of the dark, we cannot see the light" 
John Cowan

 



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<P><FONT face="times new roman">&gt;</FONT><FONT face="times new roman" size=3>Is there any good work/paper that analyzes transport protocols in wireless, mobile networks? Such as using TCP or TCP with some specific<BR>wireless enhancements? Or maybe someone has a different, good solution for this problem?</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="times new roman" size=3>there are many papers for wireless TCP. the following is a good paper for comparison analysis of various schemes.</FONT></P>
<P><A href="http://nms.lcs.mit.edu/~hari/papers/ton.ps"><FONT face="times new roman">A Comparison of Mechanisms for Improving TCP Performance over Wireless Links.</FONT></A><FONT face="times new roman"> Hari Balakrishnan, Venkat Padmanabhan, Srinivasan Seshan, and Randy H. Katz.<BR>IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, December 1997.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="times new roman"><BR>&nbsp;</P></FONT>
<P><FONT size=3><BR><BR>&nbsp;</P></FONT><BR><BR><DIV>
<P><FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" color=#5b5b5b>Pallavi Mavinkurve</FONT></P>
<P><A href="mailto:Pallavi.Mavinkurve@student.utdallas.edu"><FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" color=#5b5b5b>Pallavi.Mavinkurve@student.utdallas.edu</FONT></A></P><FONT color=#212143 size=3>
<P><FONT face="times new roman" color=#007f7f><FONT color=#0000bf>"If we are unwilling to be aware of the dark, we cannot see the light" </FONT>
<P align=right><FONT color=#0000bf>John Cowan</FONT></P>
<P align=right><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></FONT></P></FONT></DIV><p><hr SIZE=1>
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Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2003 13:11:03 -0800
From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
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Subject: [manet] I-D announcement for
 An updated version of the pre-draft that I previously announced has
 been submitted and is available at:
 http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ogier-manet-ospf-extension-00.txt
 Title: Alternative Designs for OSPF Extensions for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
 There are a few changes from the pre-draft:
 - Added Section 5: Hybrid Reliable/Unreliable Flooding in OSPF.
 This section describes a simple method that allows the ACKs
 for a given LSA to be suppressed when new instances of the LSA
 are received frequently.
 - Modified Section 6.2 (Reliable Flooding Using Periodic Database
 Description Packets) to improve readability and to emphasize
 the use of a CDS.
 - Added Section 6.5: Adjacencies. This section proposes a modified
 definition of "fully adjacent" for links between a CDS node and
 its neighbors.
 - Modified the Conclusions to recommend using a CDS.
 - Added more references on CDS algorithms.
 The purpose of this draft is to recommend an approach for extending
 OSPF to support manets.  The draft may contain some new ideas, but
 the approach is mainly based on old ideas.  The approach tries
 to minimize the changes to OSPF, while achieving the goal of
 reducing control traffic.
 Regards,
 Richard
 I-D announcement:  draft-ogier-manet-ospf-extension-00.txt
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An updated version of the pre-draft that I previously announced has
been submitted and is available at:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ogier-manet-ospf-extension-00.txt

Title: Alternative Designs for OSPF Extensions for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

There are a few changes from the pre-draft:

  - Added Section 5: Hybrid Reliable/Unreliable Flooding in OSPF.
    This section describes a simple method that allows the ACKs
    for a given LSA to be suppressed when new instances of the LSA
    are received frequently.

  - Modified Section 6.2 (Reliable Flooding Using Periodic Database
    Description Packets) to improve readability and to emphasize
    the use of a CDS.

  - Added Section 6.5: Adjacencies. This section proposes a modified
    definition of "fully adjacent" for links between a CDS node and
    its neighbors.

  - Modified the Conclusions to recommend using a CDS.

  - Added more references on CDS algorithms.

The purpose of this draft is to recommend an approach for extending
OSPF to support manet interfaces.  The draft may contain some new ideas,
but the approach is mainly based on old ideas.  The approach tries
to minimize the changes to OSPF, while achieving the goal of
reducing control traffic.

Regards,
Richard





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From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
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Subject: [manet] I-D announcement:   draft-ogier-manet-ospf-extension-00.txt
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(Since the subject line somehow got messed up in my previous post,
I am reposting this with the correct subject line.)

An updated version of the pre-draft that I previously announced has
been submitted and is available at:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ogier-manet-ospf-extension-00.txt

Title: Alternative Designs for OSPF Extensions for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

There are a few changes from the pre-draft:

  - Added Section 5: Hybrid Reliable/Unreliable Flooding in OSPF.
    This section describes a simple method that allows the ACKs
    for a given LSA to be suppressed when new instances of the LSA
    are received frequently.

  - Modified Section 6.2 (Reliable Flooding Using Periodic Database
    Description Packets) to improve readability and to emphasize
    the use of a CDS.

  - Added Section 6.5: Adjacencies. This section proposes a modified
    definition of "fully adjacent" for links between a CDS node and
    its neighbors.

  - Modified the Conclusions to recommend using a CDS.

  - Added more references on CDS algorithms.

The purpose of this draft is to recommend an approach for extending
OSPF to support manets.  The draft may contain some new ideas, but
the approach is mainly based on old ideas.  The approach tries
to minimize the changes to OSPF, while achieving the goal of
reducing control traffic.

Regards,
Richard




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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2003 13:44:16 -0800
From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
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Subject: [manet] I-D announcement:  draft-ogier-manet-ospf-extension-00.txt
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(Since the subject line somehow got messed up in my earlier post,
I am reposting this message with the correct subject line.)

An updated version of the pre-draft that I previously announced has
been submitted and is available at:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ogier-manet-ospf-extension-00.txt

Title: Alternative Designs for OSPF Extensions for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

There are a few changes from the pre-draft:

  - Added Section 5: Hybrid Reliable/Unreliable Flooding in OSPF.
    This section describes a simple method that allows the ACKs
    for a given LSA to be suppressed when new instances of the LSA
    are received frequently.

  - Modified Section 6.2 (Reliable Flooding Using Periodic Database
    Description Packets) to improve readability and to emphasize
    the use of a CDS.

  - Added Section 6.5: Adjacencies. This section proposes a modified
    definition of "fully adjacent" for links between a CDS node and
    its neighbors.

  - Modified the Conclusions to recommend using a CDS.

  - Added more references on CDS algorithms.

The purpose of this draft is to recommend an approach for extending
OSPF to support manets.  The draft may contain some new ideas, but
the approach is mainly based on old ideas.  The approach tries
to minimize the changes to OSPF, while achieving the goal of
reducing control traffic.

Regards,
Richard




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Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
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Dear Philippe

I am really intersted in the result. Is there any papers on this that 
you can refer to ?...Can you let me know ?

Cheers
Peter Pham

Philippe Jacquet wrote:

>Yes, Peter, the distribution changes if you introduce mobility and it
>depends on the mobility model. Take the random way point model where each
>node has a distinct a random destination point selected uniformly in a
>square, and each node moves to this destination at constant speed. In this
>case, the stationary density at point (x,y) (assuming a 1x1 square) is
>*( x* log x+(1-x)*log(1-x))*(y*log y +(1-y)*log(1-y)) which differs from
>uniform density (which is equal to 1 at any point in the 1x1 square).
>
>Philippe
>----- Original Message -----
>From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
>To: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 2:03 AM
>Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>
>
>  
>
>>Hi all
>>I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary scenario
>>(nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are distributed
>>randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed so). However,
>>is this assumption still valid under the mobility ?
>>Can anyone give me some advice ?
>>
>>Peter Pham
>>
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>manet mailing list
>>manet@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>    
>>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>
>  
>




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<P><mailto:manet-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe><mailto:manet@ietf.org><mailto:manet-request@ietf.org?subject=help><mailto:manet-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe>Hello Friends,</mailto:manet-request@ietf.org?subject=subscribe></mailto:manet-request@ietf.org?subject=help></mailto:manet@ietf.org></mailto:manet-request@ietf.org?subject=unsubscribe></P>
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From: "John Mullen" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
To: "'Philippe Jacquet'" <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>,
        "'Peter Pham'" <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
Cc: "'MANET'" <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
Date: Fri, 21 Nov 2003 07:36:41 -0700
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Hi Peter,

Well, if you have a very large table.

:-)

The exact distributions are rather tedious and dependent on the mobility
model in question.  If you use Johnson's version of the Random Waypoint
model (David B. Johnson, David A. Maltz, and A Josh Broch. DSR: The
Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks,
chapter 5, pages 139-172.) on a square region, then the cumulative
distribution function of the distance (d) between two randomly-selected
nodes is approximately

    1 - exp{-15d^2/[w^2(5-2p)]}

where w is the edge dimension of the square region and p is the
probability that a random node will be in motion. The gory details of
this and similar derivations are in "Robust Approximations to the
Distribution of Link Distances in a Wireless Network Occupying a
Rectangular Region," _Mobile Computing and Communications Review_,
Volume 7, Number 2.  You can find a  closer approximation in that paper
and get some sense of what the exact distributions look like.  

However, there are other versions of the Random Waypoint Mobility Model
and many other mobility models (see T. Camp, J. Boleng, and V. Davies.
"A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research." _Wireless
Communications & Mobile Computing (WCMC): Special issue on Mobile Ad Hoc
Networking: Research, Trends and Applications_, 2(5):483-502, 2002.) and
each one will have its own spatial and distance distributions.  The
approximation given in my paper above can be used in at least some of
the models, providing you can determine the standard deviations of the X
and Y spatial distributions.  However, as far as I know, that is
something yet to be done.  Even for the situation above, I depended on a
promising, but approximate model given in Bettstetter and Wagner's
paper, "The spatial node distribution of the random waypoint mobility
model." In the 1st German Workshop on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (WMAN'02),
Ulm, Germany, 2002.)  As far as I know, no one has derived an exact
distribution for this case.

John Mullen


-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Philippe Jacquet
Sent: Friday, November 21, 2003 3:06 AM
To: Peter Pham
Cc: MANET
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility


Basically I am not aware of publications, these are easy derviations,
you can write the proof on the corner of a table...

Philippe
----- Original Message -----
From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
To: Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
Cc: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
Sent: Friday, November 21, 2003 1:11 AM
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility


> Dear Philippe
>
> I am really intersted in the result. Is there any papers on this that 
> you can refer to ?...Can you let me know ?
>
> Cheers
> Peter Pham
>
> Philippe Jacquet wrote:
>
> >Yes, Peter, the distribution changes if you introduce mobility and it

> >depends on the mobility model. Take the random way point model where 
> >each node has a distinct a random destination point selected 
> >uniformly in a square, and each node moves to this destination at 
> >constant speed. In
this
> >case, the stationary density at point (x,y) (assuming a 1x1 square) 
> >is *( x* log x+(1-x)*log(1-x))*(y*log y +(1-y)*log(1-y)) which 
> >differs from uniform density (which is equal to 1 at any point in the

> >1x1 square).
> >
> >Philippe
> >----- Original Message -----
> >From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
> >To: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
> >Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 2:03 AM
> >Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >>Hi all
> >>I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary 
> >>scenario (nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are

> >>distributed randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed

> >>so). However, is this assumption still valid under the mobility ? 
> >>Can anyone give me some advice ?
> >>
> >>Peter Pham
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>_______________________________________________
> >>manet mailing list
> >>manet@ietf.org
> >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >>
> >>
> >
> >
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> >manet@ietf.org
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> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
>
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Philippe Jacquet wrote:

>Yes, Peter, the distribution changes if you introduce mobility and it
>depends on the mobility model. Take the random way point model where each
>node has a distinct a random destination point selected uniformly in a
>square, and each node moves to this destination at constant speed. In this
>case, the stationary density at point (x,y) (assuming a 1x1 square) is
>*( x* log x+(1-x)*log(1-x))*(y*log y +(1-y)*log(1-y)) which differs from
>uniform density (which is equal to 1 at any point in the 1x1 square).
>
>Philippe
>
Philippe,

Your result implies that you can consider the x and y directions
independently. I don't think this is the case, because the speed
in the x direction depends on the (x,y) direction of movement. 
I did some calculations, and I think your result assumes that
the time to go from one random point to the next random point
is constant (thus, if the distance between the 2 points is
greater, the speed must be greater). 

Just for fun I tried to derive the steady state distribution in one
dimension for a unit interval [0,1] and got the following result
(assuming constant speed and zero pause time):

   C * x*(1-x)   (C is a normalization constant)

The x*(1-x) term is simply the probability that the point x
lies between two random numbers uniformly distributed in [0,1].
I ran a simulation on the unit interval [0,1] which confirms this result.
In particular, the probability that the node is near x = 0.25
is 0.75 times the probability that the node is near x = 0.50.

Unfortunately, this result cannot be extended to 2 dimensions by
taking the product of this term for the x and y directions, because
the x and y components of the node speed are not independent.

Richard

>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
>To: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 2:03 AM
>Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>
>
>>Hi all
>>I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary scenario
>>(nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are distributed
>>randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed so). However,
>>is this assumption still valid under the mobility ?
>>Can anyone give me some advice ?
>>
>>Peter Pham
>>
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>manet mailing list
>>manet@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>



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Hi Richard,

You are correct in the matter of non-independent speed, however, I am
unaware of any result that takes this into consideration.  In "The
spatial node distribution of the random waypoint mobility model." (1st
German Workshop on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (WMAN'02), Ulm, Germany,
2002.), Christian Bettstetter discusses this problem at length and
develops a couple of approximate distributions.  He also performed some
simulations which seem to indicate the approximations are pretty close.
Bettstetter has published more on this topic, so you may want to check
out his web page:

http://www.lkn.ei.tum.de/~chris/#Publications

John Mullen

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Richard Ogier
Sent: Friday, November 21, 2003 9:38 AM
To: Philippe Jacquet
Cc: MANET
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility


Philippe Jacquet wrote:

>Yes, Peter, the distribution changes if you introduce mobility and it 
>depends on the mobility model. Take the random way point model where 
>each node has a distinct a random destination point selected uniformly 
>in a square, and each node moves to this destination at constant speed.

>In this case, the stationary density at point (x,y) (assuming a 1x1 
>square) is *( x* log x+(1-x)*log(1-x))*(y*log y +(1-y)*log(1-y)) which 
>differs from uniform density (which is equal to 1 at any point in the 
>1x1 square).
>
>Philippe
>
Philippe,

Your result implies that you can consider the x and y directions
independently. I don't think this is the case, because the speed in the
x direction depends on the (x,y) direction of movement. 
I did some calculations, and I think your result assumes that the time
to go from one random point to the next random point is constant (thus,
if the distance between the 2 points is greater, the speed must be
greater). 

Just for fun I tried to derive the steady state distribution in one
dimension for a unit interval [0,1] and got the following result
(assuming constant speed and zero pause time):

   C * x*(1-x)   (C is a normalization constant)

The x*(1-x) term is simply the probability that the point x lies between
two random numbers uniformly distributed in [0,1]. I ran a simulation on
the unit interval [0,1] which confirms this result. In particular, the
probability that the node is near x = 0.25 is 0.75 times the probability
that the node is near x = 0.50.

Unfortunately, this result cannot be extended to 2 dimensions by taking
the product of this term for the x and y directions, because the x and y
components of the node speed are not independent.

Richard

>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
>To: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 2:03 AM
>Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>
>
>>Hi all
>>I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary 
>>scenario (nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are 
>>distributed randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed 
>>so). However, is this assumption still valid under the mobility ? Can 
>>anyone give me some advice ?
>>
>>Peter Pham
>>
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>manet mailing list
>>manet@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>



_______________________________________________
manet mailing list
manet@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet


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To: John Mullen <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
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Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
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John,

Thanks for the pointer.   Frankly,  instead of studying bad mobility 
models (like
random waypoint), I prefer to use a good mobility model that ensures 
node positions
are uniformly distributed.  One model that achieves a uniform 
distribution (assuming
zero pause time) is a random walk model, where each node moves in a 
random direction
for T seconds, then chooses a new random direction.  If the node hits a 
boundary,
it bounces off as in billiards (angle of reflection equals angle of 
incidence).

There is another model called the "random direction" model, in which the 
node chooses
a new random direction only when it hits the boundary.  However, I don't 
think
this model achieves a uniform distribution (assuming zero pause time).

The following paper discusses these model and several others (but does 
not talk about
probability distributions):

T. Camp, J. Boleng, and V. Davies. A survey of mobility models for ad 
hoc network research. Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing (WCMC): 
Special issue on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking: Research, Trends and 
Applications, 2(5):483--502, 2002.

Richard


John Mullen wrote:

Hi Richard,

You are correct in the matter of non-independent speed, however, I am
unaware of any result that takes this into consideration.  In "The
spatial node distribution of the random waypoint mobility model." (1st
German Workshop on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (WMAN'02), Ulm, Germany,
2002.), Christian Bettstetter discusses this problem at length and
develops a couple of approximate distributions.  He also performed some
simulations which seem to indicate the approximations are pretty close.
Bettstetter has published more on this topic, so you may want to check
out his web page:

http://www.lkn.ei.tum.de/~chris/#Publications

John Mullen

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org ] On Behalf Of
Richard Ogier
Sent: Friday, November 21, 2003 9:38 AM
To: Philippe Jacquet
Cc: MANET
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility


Philippe Jacquet wrote:

> Yes, Peter, the distribution changes if you introduce mobility and it 
> depends on the mobility model. Take the random way point model where 
> each node has a distinct a random destination point selected uniformly 
> in a square, and each node moves to this destination at constant speed.
>

> In this case, the stationary density at point (x,y) (assuming a 1x1 
> square) is *( x* log x+(1-x)*log(1-x))*(y*log y +(1-y)*log(1-y)) which 
> differs from uniform density (which is equal to 1 at any point in the 
> 1x1 square).
>
> Philippe
>
Philippe,

Your result implies that you can consider the x and y directions
independently. I don't think this is the case, because the speed in the
x direction depends on the (x,y) direction of movement. I did some 
calculations, and I think your result assumes that the time
to go from one random point to the next random point is constant (thus,
if the distance between the 2 points is greater, the speed must be
greater).
Just for fun I tried to derive the steady state distribution in one
dimension for a unit interval [0,1] and got the following result
(assuming constant speed and zero pause time):

  C * x*(1-x)   (C is a normalization constant)

The x*(1-x) term is simply the probability that the point x lies between
two random numbers uniformly distributed in [0,1]. I ran a simulation on
the unit interval [0,1] which confirms this result. In particular, the
probability that the node is near x = 0.25 is 0.75 times the probability
that the node is near x = 0.50.

Unfortunately, this result cannot be extended to 2 dimensions by taking
the product of this term for the x and y directions, because the x and y
components of the node speed are not independent.

Richard


John Mullen wrote:

>Hi Richard,
>
>You are correct in the matter of non-independent speed, however, I am
>unaware of any result that takes this into consideration.  In "The
>spatial node distribution of the random waypoint mobility model." (1st
>German Workshop on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (WMAN'02), Ulm, Germany,
>2002.), Christian Bettstetter discusses this problem at length and
>develops a couple of approximate distributions.  He also performed some
>simulations which seem to indicate the approximations are pretty close.
>Bettstetter has published more on this topic, so you may want to check
>out his web page:
>
>http://www.lkn.ei.tum.de/~chris/#Publications
>
>John Mullen
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>Richard Ogier
>Sent: Friday, November 21, 2003 9:38 AM
>To: Philippe Jacquet
>Cc: MANET
>Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>
>
>Philippe Jacquet wrote:
>
>>Yes, Peter, the distribution changes if you introduce mobility and it 
>>depends on the mobility model. Take the random way point model where 
>>each node has a distinct a random destination point selected uniformly 
>>in a square, and each node moves to this destination at constant speed.
>>
>
>>In this case, the stationary density at point (x,y) (assuming a 1x1 
>>square) is *( x* log x+(1-x)*log(1-x))*(y*log y +(1-y)*log(1-y)) which 
>>differs from uniform density (which is equal to 1 at any point in the 
>>1x1 square).
>>
>>Philippe
>>
>Philippe,
>
>Your result implies that you can consider the x and y directions
>independently. I don't think this is the case, because the speed in the
>x direction depends on the (x,y) direction of movement. 
>I did some calculations, and I think your result assumes that the time
>to go from one random point to the next random point is constant (thus,
>if the distance between the 2 points is greater, the speed must be
>greater). 
>
>Just for fun I tried to derive the steady state distribution in one
>dimension for a unit interval [0,1] and got the following result
>(assuming constant speed and zero pause time):
>
>   C * x*(1-x)   (C is a normalization constant)
>
>The x*(1-x) term is simply the probability that the point x lies between
>two random numbers uniformly distributed in [0,1]. I ran a simulation on
>the unit interval [0,1] which confirms this result. In particular, the
>probability that the node is near x = 0.25 is 0.75 times the probability
>that the node is near x = 0.50.
>
>Unfortunately, this result cannot be extended to 2 dimensions by taking
>the product of this term for the x and y directions, because the x and y
>components of the node speed are not independent.
>
>Richard
>
>>----- Original Message -----
>>From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
>>To: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
>>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 2:03 AM
>>Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>>
>>
>>>Hi all
>>>I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary 
>>>scenario (nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are 
>>>distributed randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed 
>>>so). However, is this assumption still valid under the mobility ? Can 
>>>anyone give me some advice ?
>>>
>>>Peter Pham
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>_______________________________________________
>>>manet mailing list
>>>manet@ietf.org
>>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>manet mailing list
>>manet@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>



_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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From: "Ioannis C. Avramopoulos" <iavramop@Princeton.EDU>
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Subject: [manet] MAC layer
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Dear fellows,

I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.

In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same
frequency hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used
orthogonal hopping patterns, spectrum utilization would
significantly increase and, furthermore, the impact of
malicious nodes with respect to jamming would be severely 
mitigated.

I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter
type are not considered in the ad hoc community. I would
appreciate it if you could point me to any papers discussing
such issues.

Kind regards,
Yannis



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Thread-Topic: About one script for experiments in NS-2
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From: "#LI ZHUOWEI#" <zhwei.li@pmail.ntu.edu.sg>
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Subject: [manet] About one script for experiments in NS-2
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Hi, Everybody,

I am a novice in NS-2 and MANET research, and I want to apply some machine learning or data mining techniques to strengthern the security in MANET. Do you know some typical scripts in NS-2 to simulate the real environments for MANET, such as packets loss, packet delay, and other anomalous situation in correct protocol implementation? What's more, is there any scripts which simulate the typical instrusions/anomalies in MANET? 

In other words, I want to get the existing scripts which can generate synthetic normal and anomalous/intrusive datasets. Thank you

 
Regards!

Sincerely yours,
Li Zhuowei
****************************************************************************
****** Title:   Ph.D. candidate    
****** Email: zhwei.li@pmail.ntu.edu.sg                                   
****** Home: http://www.cais.ntu.edu.sg/~zhuowei
******        or http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home5/pg01316106
****************************************************************************
$B!!(J

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Subject: [manet] Kiran Challapali/BRQ/RESEARCH/PHILIPS is out of the office.
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I will be out of the office starting  2003-11-21 and will not return until 2003-12-15.

I will respond to your message when I return.



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sun Nov 23 16:16:34 2003
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From: "Prasanna.Padmanabhan-1" <prasannap@ou.edu>
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Subject: [manet] Bandwidth vs Transmission Range
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Hello Everyone,

In one of the WLAN cards (Wireless LAN Mini PCI Type 3A card), I see that for higher bandwidth cards they offer, the transmission range decreases.

For example, a 1 Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 550m,
a 2 Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 400m,
a 11 Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 160m.

Does that mean that bandwidth and transmission range are inversely proportional.
I understand transmission range is related to Power. But how is it related to Bandwidth?

Please let me know.
Thanks,
Prasanna





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Subject: [manet] Example codes in Glomosim
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--0-129367902-1069647992=:31216
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Dear all,

I am a student and doing a small project of ad hoc networking course. In =
this project we have to do with Glomosim but my professor gives us nothin=
g about it.=20
=20
Since we only have 2 weeks to suggest and do the project, I want
to find some helps from you. I want to know whether I can find the exampl=
es of programming in glomosim so that I can begin my work easily.=20

Your reply is highly appreciated!

Best regards



---------------------------------
Want to chat instantly with your online friends?=A0Get the FREE Yahoo!Mes=
senger
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<DIV>Dear all,<BR><BR>I am a student and doing a small project of&nbsp;ad=
 hoc networking course. In this project we have to do with Glomosim but m=
y professor gives us nothing about it. </DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Since we only have 2 weeks to suggest and do the project, I want<BR>=
to find some helps from you. I want to know whether I can find the exampl=
es of programming in glomosim so that I can begin my work easily. </DIV>
<DIV><BR>Your reply is highly appreciated!<BR><BR>Best regards<BR></DIV><=
p><hr size=3D1><font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2">Want to chat instantly wit=
h your online friends?=A0<a href=3D"http://uk.rd.yahoo.com/mail/tagline_m=
essenger/*http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com/"><b>Get the FREE Yahoo!
Messenger</b></a></font>
--0-129367902-1069647992=:31216--

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Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
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From: "#LI ZHIFEI#" <zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg>
To: "Ioannis C. Avramopoulos" <iavramop@Princeton.EDU>, <manet@ietf.org>
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Hi,

I think your question is: why CDMA is not used in ad hoc networks? I =
also try to figure out the reasons.
I have the following reasons:=20
(1) since ad hoc network is fully distributed, how to make the code =
orthogonal, and how to make the sender be aware of the code it should =
use before transmitting?
(2) again, due to the distributed nature, how to do the power control to =
cope with the inteference which is ensential for cdma system?

However, the above difficulties do not mean that we should not try to =
apply CDMA into ad hoc networks. In fact, there is a paper talking about =
CDMA in ad hoc networks=20
in mobihoc 2003. The author is also on this list, and maybe he can give =
us his understanding.

Also, it seems that in the literature about packet radio networks ( ad =
hoc networks developed for military use during 1970s), they normally use =
CDMA for security reason (i.e., jamming as you have mentioned). However, =
now there are very few papers talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks. =
Reasearch is really a little bit strange :).


Best regards
Li zhifei

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of =
Ioannis C. Avramopoulos
Sent: dissabte, 22 / novembre / 2003 12:33
To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: [manet] MAC layer

Dear fellows,

I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.

In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same
frequency hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used
orthogonal hopping patterns, spectrum utilization would
significantly increase and, furthermore, the impact of
malicious nodes with respect to jamming would be severely=20
mitigated.

I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter
type are not considered in the ad hoc community. I would
appreciate it if you could point me to any papers discussing
such issues.

Kind regards,
Yannis



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Subject: RE: [manet] Bandwidth vs Transmission Range
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From: "#LI ZHIFEI#" <zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg>
To: "Prasanna.Padmanabhan-1" <prasannap@ou.edu>, <manet@ietf.org>
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hi,

I think the reason is: for higher transmission rate you need a higher =
SNR to receive the packet correctly. The SNR=20
in turn depends on the distance between the communicating pair if all =
the other stuff are assumed as the same.
Therefore, when a higher transmission rate is used, the effective =
transmission range should decrease.

Best regards
li zhifei

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of =
Prasanna.Padmanabhan-1
Sent: dilluns, 24 / novembre / 2003 05:15
To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: [manet] Bandwidth vs Transmission Range


Hello Everyone,

In one of the WLAN cards (Wireless LAN Mini PCI Type 3A card), I see =
that for higher bandwidth cards they offer, the transmission range =
decreases.

For example, a 1 Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 550m,
a 2 Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 400m,
a 11 Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 160m.

Does that mean that bandwidth and transmission range are inversely =
proportional.
I understand transmission range is related to Power. But how is it =
related to Bandwidth?

Please let me know.
Thanks,
Prasanna





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Subject: RE: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g
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Hi, frank

Here is my answer to your question though my answer is definitely not =
'autoritative' as you are looking for :):

Whenever the received power of a frame is above the CS threshold and the =
channel is sensed as busy,
whether or not the PLCP header of that frame can be received correctly =
depends on how large the carrier sensing energy
threshold is. If the threshold is large enough, the PLCP header can =
always be interpreted.  Otherwise, there is some possibility that the =
PLCP is un-interpretable. However, since
the PLCP header is very short and is always transmitted in the lowest =
rate,  the probability that the PLCP header is interpretable should be =
very large. This is especially true if the wireless card developers =
follow the recommented value of the threshold in the standard.=20

I hope this will help.

Best regards
Li zhifei


>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Let me repeat the same question in my previous mail. Assume the received =
power is just above the CS threshold and the channel is sensed as busy. =
Does this mean that the PHY header (PMD/PLCP) can be correctly decoded =
but not the MPDU, or even the PHY header itself can NOT be decoded? Can =
anyone give me an 'authoritative' answer to this point? Thanks.

Frank




-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of =
Frank Li
Sent: dimarts, 18 / novembre / 2003 20:10
To: Claude Chaudet
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g


Hi Claude,=20

I guess you are using two-ray model with 'receiver sensitivity' -83 dBm =
and Tx power 15 dBm to get the following CS threshold.

Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_ 5.011872e-12

My question is - is it sensible to use 'receiver sensitivity' to =
calculate CS threshold? (Using the same calculation for -94 dBm at 1 =
Mbps, the sensing range will be 796 m).
Furthermore, does the CS threshold mean that the PHY header can be =
correctly decoded if received power is above the threshold, or the =
channel is sensed as busy but the PHY header can NOT be decoded?=20

BTW, CPThresh is the capture threshold, not required SNR to 'understand' =
the frame. When multiple frames are detected, the frame with strongest =
power (CPThresh>10) will be decoded, otherwise, all frames are =
discarded.=20

BR
Frank

  =20
-----Original Message-----
From: Claude Chaudet [mailto:Claude.Chaudet@ens-lyon.fr]
Sent: 18. november 2003 10:59
To: Emmanuel Agu
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g


Hello,

That's true, NS (at least version 2.26) simulates 2Mbps 802.11.

Nevertheless, you can change this by simply putting in your script the=20
following lines :
	Mac/802_11 set bandwidth_   11e6
	Mac/802_11 set dataRate_      11e6
	Mac/802_11 set basicRate_     2e6

This only changes the rate at which data is sent. This can be useful=20
for simulating
802.11b protocol, for which only the physical layer changes. But=20
simulating 802.11a
will need at least some timings modifications in the mac/mac-802_11.*=20
files.

Concerning the physical layer parameters, I tried to update some=20
parameters based on the
specification of an Avaya card. Nevertheless, being no expert in=20
physical layers, I cannot
guarantee this will be the exact parameters.
Here they are :
	Phy/WirelessPhy set CPThresh_ 10.0
	Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_ 5.011872e-12
	Phy/WirelessPhy set RXThresh_ 1.15209e-10
	Phy/WirelessPhy set Rb_ 11e6
	Phy/WirelessPhy set bandwidth_ 11e6
	Phy/WirelessPhy set Pt_ 0.031622777
	Phy/WirelessPhy set freq_ 2457e+6
	Phy/WirelessPhy set L_ 1.0

Concerning this, I wondered if anyone on this list could provide good=20
values once
and for all, so that we can use ns, opnet and any other simulator on=20
the same basis.
I am especially interested in the CPThresh parameter, i.e. the signal=20
over noise
ratio (in dB) required to understand a frame. I found no value in any=20
NIC specification.
I suppose it depends on the physical layer. 10 dB was used for early=20
802.11, is it still
the good value for newer ones ?

Claude Chaudet.


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Hi, Zhifei,

> I think your question is: why CDMA is not used in ad hoc networks? I
also try to figure out the reasons.
I have the following reasons: 
(1) since ad hoc network is fully distributed, how to make the code
orthogonal, and how to make the sender be aware of the code it should
use before transmitting?

Transmissions cannot be made orthogonal in MANET even if orthogonal
codes are known and used by nearby nodes and all nodes are perfectly
synchronized. The reason is that propagation delays will make the
beginning of codes arrive at a node at different times.

Some previous papers assumed that nearby clusters used orthogonal codes
and would not interfere with each other. Such assumptions are not valid
when the chip rate is moderate or high (e.g., >= 1 M chips per second).

But in my opinion, this will not necessarily prohibit CDMA from being
used in ad hoc networks. You can still use a set of codes that have
small cross-correlation.

Regards,

Chihsiang



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon Nov 24 02:57:41 2003
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From: "20ece75" <srinivasan_raja@kongu.ac.in>
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hi,
    I am a new memer to the MANET group.
      
    I am doing a project on manet Routing.
    I have a question that fuzzy algorithms can be used in manet routing?
If so please suggest where it can be used.

Kind regards,
 
K.Srinivasan.
  
 

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From: =?iso-8859-1?q?Jitesh=20Shah?= <jiteshshahin@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [manet] Fuzzy routing -possible or not?
To: 20ece75 <srinivasan_raja@kongu.ac.in>, manet@ietf.org
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Hi Srinivasan,

A lot of fuzzy techniches have been used in routing
schemes for MANETS. Not only to the routing schemes
but also to the secure routing schemes.

I also remember oing through a paper with substantial
work on deriving transmited power level on some fuzzy
principle but am not sure about its usability due to
various assumptions involved.

Rgds
Jitesh

 --- 20ece75 <srinivasan_raja@kongu.ac.in> wrote: >
hi,
>     I am a new memer to the MANET group.
>       
>     I am doing a project on manet Routing.
>     I have a question that fuzzy algorithms can be
> used in manet routing?
> If so please suggest where it can be used.
> 
> Kind regards,
>  
> K.Srinivasan.
>   
>  
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet 

________________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g
Date: Mon, 24 Nov 2003 14:40:36 +0100
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Hi Zhifei,

I think you are talking about the PMD_ED and PMD_CS thresholds in the =
standard. Is it always=20
true that PMD_CS < PMD_ED? Do you know the concrete values of PMD_CS and =
PMD_ED thresholds for any wlan card? Furthermore, is it correct to use =
'receiver sensitivity' to calculate sensing range?=20

Frank




-----Original Message-----
From: #LI ZHIFEI# [mailto:zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg]
Sent: 24. november 2003 06:33
To: Frank Li; manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g


Hi, frank

Here is my answer to your question though my answer is definitely not =
'autoritative' as you are looking for :):

Whenever the received power of a frame is above the CS threshold and the =
channel is sensed as busy,
whether or not the PLCP header of that frame can be received correctly =
depends on how large the carrier sensing energy
threshold is. If the threshold is large enough, the PLCP header can =
always be interpreted.  Otherwise, there is some possibility that the =
PLCP is un-interpretable. However, since
the PLCP header is very short and is always transmitted in the lowest =
rate,  the probability that the PLCP header is interpretable should be =
very large. This is especially true if the wireless card developers =
follow the recommented value of the threshold in the standard.=20

I hope this will help.

Best regards
Li zhifei


>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Let me repeat the same question in my previous mail. Assume the received =
power is just above the CS threshold and the channel is sensed as busy. =
Does this mean that the PHY header (PMD/PLCP) can be correctly decoded =
but not the MPDU, or even the PHY header itself can NOT be decoded? Can =
anyone give me an 'authoritative' answer to this point? Thanks.

Frank




-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of =
Frank Li
Sent: dimarts, 18 / novembre / 2003 20:10
To: Claude Chaudet
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g


Hi Claude,=20

I guess you are using two-ray model with 'receiver sensitivity' -83 dBm =
and Tx power 15 dBm to get the following CS threshold.

Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_ 5.011872e-12

My question is - is it sensible to use 'receiver sensitivity' to =
calculate CS threshold? (Using the same calculation for -94 dBm at 1 =
Mbps, the sensing range will be 796 m).
Furthermore, does the CS threshold mean that the PHY header can be =
correctly decoded if received power is above the threshold, or the =
channel is sensed as busy but the PHY header can NOT be decoded?=20

BTW, CPThresh is the capture threshold, not required SNR to 'understand' =
the frame. When multiple frames are detected, the frame with strongest =
power (CPThresh>10) will be decoded, otherwise, all frames are =
discarded.=20

BR
Frank

  =20
-----Original Message-----
From: Claude Chaudet [mailto:Claude.Chaudet@ens-lyon.fr]
Sent: 18. november 2003 10:59
To: Emmanuel Agu
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g


Hello,

That's true, NS (at least version 2.26) simulates 2Mbps 802.11.

Nevertheless, you can change this by simply putting in your script the=20
following lines :
	Mac/802_11 set bandwidth_   11e6
	Mac/802_11 set dataRate_      11e6
	Mac/802_11 set basicRate_     2e6

This only changes the rate at which data is sent. This can be useful=20
for simulating
802.11b protocol, for which only the physical layer changes. But=20
simulating 802.11a
will need at least some timings modifications in the mac/mac-802_11.*=20
files.

Concerning the physical layer parameters, I tried to update some=20
parameters based on the
specification of an Avaya card. Nevertheless, being no expert in=20
physical layers, I cannot
guarantee this will be the exact parameters.
Here they are :
	Phy/WirelessPhy set CPThresh_ 10.0
	Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_ 5.011872e-12
	Phy/WirelessPhy set RXThresh_ 1.15209e-10
	Phy/WirelessPhy set Rb_ 11e6
	Phy/WirelessPhy set bandwidth_ 11e6
	Phy/WirelessPhy set Pt_ 0.031622777
	Phy/WirelessPhy set freq_ 2457e+6
	Phy/WirelessPhy set L_ 1.0

Concerning this, I wondered if anyone on this list could provide good=20
values once
and for all, so that we can use ns, opnet and any other simulator on=20
the same basis.
I am especially interested in the CPThresh parameter, i.e. the signal=20
over noise
ratio (in dB) required to understand a frame. I found no value in any=20
NIC specification.
I suppose it depends on the physical layer. 10 dB was used for early=20
802.11, is it still
the good value for newer ones ?

Claude Chaudet.


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From: "Ehsan Hamadani" <E.Hamadani@city.ac.uk>
To: <manet@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 24 Nov 2003 14:25:10 -0000
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Hi all
I am a PhD student and it is just about 2 months that I have started my
research on Ad-Hoc networks.
My question is that in all reactive routing protocols, we assume that
RREP follows the reverse path in which RREP has arrived, so what will
happen if in the return path one of the links are broken?? Does the
destination start a routing discovery to destination?
 
I would be thankful if someone can answer me.
 
Regards
 
Ehsan  
 

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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Hi all<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>I am a PhD student and it is just about 2 months that =
I have
started my research on Ad-Hoc networks.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>My question is that in all reactive routing =
protocols, we
assume that RREP follows the reverse path in which RREP has arrived, so =
what
will happen if in the return path one of the links are broken?? Does the
destination start a routing discovery to =
destination?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>I would be thankful if someone can answer =
me.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

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style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

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</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

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From: "Ehsan Hamadani" <E.Hamadani@city.ac.uk>
To: <manet@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 24 Nov 2003 14:42:11 -0000
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Sorry , in the third line I made a mistake by using RREP, it should be
RREQ. So this is my question :
 
Hi all
I am a PhD student and it is just about 2 months that I have started my
research on Ad-Hoc networks.
My question is that in all reactive routing protocols, we assume that
RREP follows the reverse path in which RREQ has arrived, so what will
happen if in the return path one of the links are broken?? Does the
destination start a routing discovery to destination?
 
I would be thankful if someone can answer me.
 
Regards
 
Ehsan  
 

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<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DGramE><font size=3D2 =
face=3DArial><span
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Sorry =
,</span></font></span><font
size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> in the
third line I made a mistake by using RREP, it should be RREQ. So this is =
my
question :<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Hi all<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>I am a PhD student and it is just about 2 months that =
I have
started my research on Ad-Hoc networks.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>My question is that in all reactive routing =
protocols, we
assume that RREP follows the reverse path in which RREQ has arrived, so =
what
will happen if in the return path one of the links are broken?? Does the
destination start a routing discovery to =
destination?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>I would be thankful if someone can answer =
me.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Ehsan<span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>&nbsp; =
</span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
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Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
Date: Mon, 24 Nov 2003 09:47:50 -0500
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Thread-Topic: [manet] MAC layer
Thread-Index: AcOwshq7D2yw3lKXQeOR2di6qGLDowBlF2LgABRCOeA=
From: "Manfredi, Albert E" <albert.e.manfredi@boeing.com>
To: "Ioannis C. Avramopoulos" <iavramop@Princeton.EDU>, <manet@ietf.org>
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Hi Guys,

I think Yannis is asking something different.

CDMA, exactly as implemented in 2G and 3G cellular networks, is of =
course not used in IEEE 802.11. For one thing, IEEE 802.11 is not a =
circuit-based technique. But the fundamentals of the scheme, i.e. use of =
direct sequence spread spectrum, are indeed used in IEEE 802.11b.

I think what Yannis was asking is why aren't individual 802.11 LANs =
differentiated by the spreading sequence used in creating chips out of =
bits, as done in CDMA cellular phones. Instead of differentiating purely =
on the basis of the carrier frequency.

You don't use perfectly orthogonal codes in CDMA, as that would require =
synchronized transmissions, impossible to achieve when mobile hosts move =
about. But that doesn't stop 2G and 3G from working. What happens is, as =
more and more users share the same frequncy band, the noise level for =
each user increases, until the noise overwhelms the channel. So you have =
a soft ceiling on number of users that can share a frequncy band, unlike =
TDMA where the limit is hard.

I don't know why 802.11 doesn't use differnt spreading sequences as well =
as different frequency bands to differentiate LANs. One reason might be =
to simplify the design. Another might be that allowing multiple =
spreading sequences in the same frequency band will increase the noise =
level and reduce performance in umpredictable ways.

Bert


> -----Original Message-----
> From: #LI ZHIFEI# [mailto:zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg]
> Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 12:13 AM
> To: Ioannis C. Avramopoulos; manet@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
>=20
>=20
> Hi,
>=20
> I think your question is: why CDMA is not used in ad hoc=20
> networks? I also try to figure out the reasons.
> I have the following reasons:=20
> (1) since ad hoc network is fully distributed, how to make=20
> the code orthogonal, and how to make the sender be aware of=20
> the code it should use before transmitting?
> (2) again, due to the distributed nature, how to do the power=20
> control to cope with the inteference which is ensential for=20
> cdma system?
>=20
> However, the above difficulties do not mean that we should=20
> not try to apply CDMA into ad hoc networks. In fact, there is=20
> a paper talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks=20
> in mobihoc 2003. The author is also on this list, and maybe=20
> he can give us his understanding.
>=20
> Also, it seems that in the literature about packet radio=20
> networks ( ad hoc networks developed for military use during=20
> 1970s), they normally use CDMA for security reason (i.e.,=20
> jamming as you have mentioned). However, now there are very=20
> few papers talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks. Reasearch=20
> is really a little bit strange :).
>=20
>=20
> Best regards
> Li zhifei
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On=20
> Behalf Of Ioannis C. Avramopoulos
> Sent: dissabte, 22 / novembre / 2003 12:33
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: [manet] MAC layer
>=20
> Dear fellows,
>=20
> I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.
>=20
> In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same
> frequency hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used
> orthogonal hopping patterns, spectrum utilization would
> significantly increase and, furthermore, the impact of
> malicious nodes with respect to jamming would be severely=20
> mitigated.
>=20
> I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter
> type are not considered in the ad hoc community. I would
> appreciate it if you could point me to any papers discussing
> such issues.
>=20
> Kind regards,
> Yannis
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>=20

_______________________________________________
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From: DANIEL BYRNE <daniel.byrne@adtran.com>
To: "'Ehsan Hamadani'" <E.Hamadani@city.ac.uk>, manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] question on RREP
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In AODV for instance, the RREP just gets lost because it is unicast back.  I believe however that this shouldn't be the case.  The RREP should be able to take a different route back to the source of the RREQ if neccessary.  
 
For instance, if the RREQ transmitting station has a more powerful transmitter, he could reach further into the web looking for a node that is closer to his destination to deliver his packet.  If however, the radio he reaches cannot get back to him without making a hop through another node in the
return path because of a weaker transmitter, this should be allowed.  Maybe you can work on an elegant solution to this problem in your research.
 
 
 -----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ehsan Hamadani
Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 8:42 AM
To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: [manet] question on RREP


Sorry , in the third line I made a mistake by using RREP, it should be RREQ. So this is my question :
 
Hi all
I am a PhD student and it is just about 2 months that I have started my research on Ad-Hoc networks.
My question is that in all reactive routing protocols, we assume that RREP follows the reverse path in which RREQ has arrived, so what will happen if in the return path one of the links are broken?? Does the destination start a routing discovery to destination?
 
I would be thankful if someone can answer me.
 
Regards
 
Ehsan  
 

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<DIV><SPAN class=3D810495514-24112003><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>In=20
AODV for instance, the RREP just gets lost because it is unicast =
back.&nbsp; I=20
believe however that this shouldn't be the case.&nbsp; The RREP should =
be able=20
to take a different route back to the source of the RREQ if =
neccessary.&nbsp;=20
</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D810495514-24112003><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D810495514-24112003><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>For=20
instance, if the RREQ transmitting station has a more powerful =
transmitter, he=20
could reach further into the web looking for a node that is closer to =
his=20
destination to deliver his packet.&nbsp; If however, the radio he =
reaches cannot=20
get back to him without making a hop through another node in the return =

path&nbsp;because of&nbsp;a weaker transmitter, this should be =
allowed.&nbsp;=20
Maybe you can work on an elegant solution to this problem in your=20
research.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D810495514-24112003><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D810495514-24112003></SPAN><FONT face=3DTahoma><FONT =
size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D810495514-24112003><FONT face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff>&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DTahoma><FONT size=3D2><SPAN=20
class=3D810495514-24112003>&nbsp;</SPAN>-----Original =
Message-----<BR><B>From:</B>=20
manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]<B>On Behalf Of =
</B>Ehsan=20
Hamadani<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, November 24, 2003 8:42 =
AM<BR><B>To:</B>=20
manet@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> [manet] question on=20
RREP<BR><BR></DIV></FONT></FONT>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr style=3D"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DSection1>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN class=3DGramE><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Sorry =
,</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><FONT=20
  face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial"> in the=20
  third line I made a mistake by using RREP, it should be RREQ. So this =
is my=20
  question :<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Hi=20
all<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I am a PhD student and =
it is just=20
  about 2 months that I have started my research on Ad-Hoc=20
  networks.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">My question is that in =
all=20
  reactive routing protocols, we assume that RREP follows the reverse =
path in=20
  which RREQ has arrived, so what will happen if in the return path one =
of the=20
  links are broken?? Does the destination start a routing discovery to=20
  destination?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I would be thankful if =
someone can=20
  answer me.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial">Regards<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Ehsan<SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; =
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
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Date: Mon, 24 Nov 2003 10:14:35 -0500
From: Ali Nabi Zadeh <anabizad@osf1.gmu.edu>
Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
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 <3D565922795545468AE3E3DA2881BEA901F85BDF@mail01.student.main.ntu.edu.sg>
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        "'Ioannis C. Avramopoulos'" <iavramop@Princeton.EDU>, manet@ietf.org
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Hi Li,

> (1) since ad hoc network is fully distributed, how to make 
> the code orthogonal, and how to make the sender be aware of 
> the code it should use before transmitting?

Transmissions from different users cannot be synchronous due to
propagation delay and multipath fading. Even in the downlink of the
current cellular networks, where a base station can use synchronous CDMA
for transmissions to different users, due to multipath fading, the
receiver observes several replicas of the whole set with different
delays. In effect the final reception is not synchronized. So, I don't
think this is a major problem in Ad hoc networks. Sousa and Silvester
have a paper on how to assign spreading codes in this environment.

E. S. Sousa and J. A. Silvester, "Spreading code protocols for
distributed spreadspectrum
packet radio networks," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 36,
no. 3, pp. 272-281, Mar. 1988.

> (2) again, due to the distributed nature, how to do the power 
> control to cope with the inteference which is ensential for 
> cdma system?

Again there are some old papers on using this structure without power
control, however I've not seen the exact performance measurment of this
system. 
So what is the drawback of using a channel inversion power control in a
master-slave environment? For example in a bluetooth system, each master
node can act as a base station with power control capability. Actually,
we have used this method for performance modeling of this structure.

A. N. Zadeh, B. Jabbari, R. Pickholtz, and B. Vojcic, "Self-organizing
packet radio ad
hoc networks with overlay (SOPRANO)," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.
40,
no. 6, pp. 149-157, June 2002.

Best regards
Ali Zadeh.

> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On 
> Behalf Of Ioannis C. Avramopoulos
> Sent: dissabte, 22 / novembre / 2003 12:33
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: [manet] MAC layer
> 
> Dear fellows,
> 
> I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.
> 
> In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same 
> frequency hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used 
> orthogonal hopping patterns, spectrum utilization would 
> significantly increase and, furthermore, the impact of 
> malicious nodes with respect to jamming would be severely 
> mitigated.
> 
> I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter
> type are not considered in the ad hoc community. I would 
> appreciate it if you could point me to any papers discussing 
> such issues.
> 
> Kind regards,
> Yannis
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> 


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At 11:33 PM 11/21/2003, Ioannis C. Avramopoulos wrote:

>Dear fellows,
>
>I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.
>
>In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same
>frequency hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used
>orthogonal hopping patterns, spectrum utilization would
>significantly increase and, furthermore, the impact of
>malicious nodes with respect to jamming would be severely 
>mitigated.
>
>I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter
>type are not considered in the ad hoc community. I would
>appreciate it if you could point me to any papers discussing
>such issues.

802.11 is "widely available and inexpensive" and has an ad hoc mode 
which makes broadcast neighbor association simple.  

There are NO fundamental reasons why it has to be the MAC layer.
There are many possibilities here.  You've point out one.

There is plenty of work here and you can go back to the 1980s..


>Kind regards,
>Yannis
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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Subject: Re:[manet] Bandwidth vs Transmission range
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Hi,

I guess 'intersymbol interference' has a major role to play in this 
issue.

When the bit rate is increased the spacing between the symbols 
transmitted decreases leading to higher intersymbol interference.

Actually what happens is that as the symbols propogate through a 
medium, due to the filtering nature of the medium the symbols spread in 
time interfering with the adjacent symbols. This effect becomes more 
apparent as the distance increases.

Hence as the bit rate increases, the maximum distance that the receiver 
should be placed at (for faithful reproduction of ransmitted symbols) 
decreases 

regards,
Ravi


-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of 
Prasanna.Padmanabhan-1
Sent: dilluns, 24 / novembre / 2003 05:15
To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: [manet] Bandwidth vs Transmission Range


Hello Everyone,

In one of the WLAN cards (Wireless LAN Mini PCI Type 3A card), I see 
that for higher bandwidth cards they offer, the transmission range 
decreases.

For example, a 1 Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 550m,
a 2 Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 400m,
a 11 Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 160m.

Does that mean that bandwidth and transmission range are inversely 
proportional.
I understand transmission range is related to Power. But how is it 
related to Bandwidth?

Please let me know.
Thanks,
Prasanna



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From: "John Mullen" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
To: "'Richard Ogier'" <ogier@earthlink.net>
Cc: "'MANET'" <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
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Hi Richard,

Well, we can argue mobility models, but in the end, it is how well they
reflect node behavior in a real situation that matters.  The "choose a
location and move to it" model is attractive because that is how people
move around.  The "bounce off the boundary" model is not so attractive
because people don't usually move this way.  People will choose
different models because they are thinking of different contexts.

However, the mobility model may not be that important.  Because of
shadowing and fading, received signals can easily vary by a factor of
100 to 1 from their expected values and will tend to do so as a function
of the rate at which the environment is changing.  (Not just the one
node's speed, by that of all other objects and nodes in the vicinity.)
As a result, it may be the node's speed, together with data rate, packet
length, transmission frequency, etc. that are the greater factors and
the differences among many of the various mobility models may just be a
moot point.

John Mullen


-----Original Message-----
From: Richard Ogier [mailto:ogier@earthlink.net] 
Sent: Friday, November 21, 2003 7:28 PM
To: John Mullen
Cc: 'Richard Ogier'; 'MANET'
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility


John,

Thanks for the pointer.   Frankly,  instead of studying bad mobility 
models (like
random waypoint), I prefer to use a good mobility model that ensures 
node positions
are uniformly distributed.  One model that achieves a uniform 
distribution (assuming
zero pause time) is a random walk model, where each node moves in a 
random direction
for T seconds, then chooses a new random direction.  If the node hits a 
boundary,
it bounces off as in billiards (angle of reflection equals angle of 
incidence).

There is another model called the "random direction" model, in which the

node chooses
a new random direction only when it hits the boundary.  However, I don't

think
this model achieves a uniform distribution (assuming zero pause time).

The following paper discusses these model and several others (but does 
not talk about
probability distributions):

T. Camp, J. Boleng, and V. Davies. A survey of mobility models for ad 
hoc network research. Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing (WCMC):

Special issue on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking: Research, Trends and 
Applications, 2(5):483--502, 2002.

Richard


John Mullen wrote:

>Hi Richard,
>
>You are correct in the matter of non-independent speed, however, I am 
>unaware of any result that takes this into consideration.  In "The 
>spatial node distribution of the random waypoint mobility model." (1st 
>German Workshop on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (WMAN'02), Ulm, Germany, 
>2002.), Christian Bettstetter discusses this problem at length and 
>develops a couple of approximate distributions.  He also performed some

>simulations which seem to indicate the approximations are pretty close.

>Bettstetter has published more on this topic, so you may want to check 
>out his web page:
>
>http://www.lkn.ei.tum.de/~chris/#Publications
>
>John Mullen
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of 
>Richard Ogier
>Sent: Friday, November 21, 2003 9:38 AM
>To: Philippe Jacquet
>Cc: MANET
>Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>
>
>Philippe Jacquet wrote:
>
>>Yes, Peter, the distribution changes if you introduce mobility and it
>>depends on the mobility model. Take the random way point model where 
>>each node has a distinct a random destination point selected uniformly

>>in a square, and each node moves to this destination at constant
speed.
>>
>
>>In this case, the stationary density at point (x,y) (assuming a 1x1
>>square) is *( x* log x+(1-x)*log(1-x))*(y*log y +(1-y)*log(1-y)) which

>>differs from uniform density (which is equal to 1 at any point in the 
>>1x1 square).
>>
>>Philippe
>>
>Philippe,
>
>Your result implies that you can consider the x and y directions 
>independently. I don't think this is the case, because the speed in the

>x direction depends on the (x,y) direction of movement. I did some 
>calculations, and I think your result assumes that the time to go from 
>one random point to the next random point is constant (thus, if the 
>distance between the 2 points is greater, the speed must be greater).
>
>Just for fun I tried to derive the steady state distribution in one 
>dimension for a unit interval [0,1] and got the following result 
>(assuming constant speed and zero pause time):
>
>   C * x*(1-x)   (C is a normalization constant)
>
>The x*(1-x) term is simply the probability that the point x lies 
>between two random numbers uniformly distributed in [0,1]. I ran a 
>simulation on the unit interval [0,1] which confirms this result. In 
>particular, the probability that the node is near x = 0.25 is 0.75 
>times the probability that the node is near x = 0.50.
>
>Unfortunately, this result cannot be extended to 2 dimensions by taking

>the product of this term for the x and y directions, because the x and 
>y components of the node speed are not independent.
>
>Richard
>
>>----- Original Message -----
>>From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
>>To: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
>>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 2:03 AM
>>Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>>
>>
>>>Hi all
>>>I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary
>>>scenario (nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are 
>>>distributed randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed 
>>>so). However, is this assumption still valid under the mobility ? Can

>>>anyone give me some advice ?
>>>
>>>Peter Pham
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>_______________________________________________
>>>manet mailing list
>>>manet@ietf.org
>>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>manet mailing list
>>manet@ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>



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Subject: RE: [manet] Bandwidth vs Transmission Range
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Hi Li,

Exactly!  Shannon's limit restricts the bandwidth of a reliable channel
to B log_2 (1 + S/N), where B is the channel bandwidth and S/N is the
ratio of signal to noise.  It is a theoretical limit which is
approached, but not surpassed, by some existing coding schemes.  It also
ignores interference and some other factors, but is useful in that it is
an upper limit.  Plotting the S/N due to expected power at a given range
will clearly demonstrate that data rate and bandwidth are linked.

Prasanna, it is also good to remember that such estimates may assume a
RF environment that is more stable than the one you are working in, so
you may not get the promised range.  Also, because of shadowing and
fading, you will find that dropouts and interference may be a problem at
even moderate ranges.

John Mullen

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
#LI ZHIFEI#
Sent: Sunday, November 23, 2003 9:49 PM
To: Prasanna.Padmanabhan-1; manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] Bandwidth vs Transmission Range


hi,

I think the reason is: for higher transmission rate you need a higher
SNR to receive the packet correctly. The SNR 
in turn depends on the distance between the communicating pair if all
the other stuff are assumed as the same. Therefore, when a higher
transmission rate is used, the effective transmission range should
decrease.

Best regards
li zhifei

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
Prasanna.Padmanabhan-1
Sent: dilluns, 24 / novembre / 2003 05:15
To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: [manet] Bandwidth vs Transmission Range


Hello Everyone,

In one of the WLAN cards (Wireless LAN Mini PCI Type 3A card), I see
that for higher bandwidth cards they offer, the transmission range
decreases.

For example, a 1 Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 550m, a 2
Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 400m, a 11 Mbps WLAN card has
a tranmission range of 160m.

Does that mean that bandwidth and transmission range are inversely
proportional. I understand transmission range is related to Power. But
how is it related to Bandwidth?

Please let me know.
Thanks,
Prasanna





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Hello:

We have submitted an ID (draft-lee-hmp-00.txt ) that describes HMP (hotspot
mitigation protocol) sometime ago. HMP addresses the issue of congestion in
MANET and interworks with some of the MANET routing protocols.

The ID is based on our publication;

Seoung-Bum Lee, Jiyoung Cho and Andrew T. Campbell,
"A Hotspot Mitigation Protocol for Ad hoc Networks",
Ad hoc Networks Journal, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2003.

You can also download the internet draft from
http://www.comet.columbia.edu/hmp/draft-ietf-lee-hmp-00.txt

Any comments are appreciated.

Best Regards,
Seoung-Bum Lee


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From: "John Mullen" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
To: "'Ehsan Hamadani'" <E.Hamadani@city.ac.uk>
Cc: <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [manet] question on RREP
Date: Mon, 24 Nov 2003 11:36:43 -0700
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Hi Ehsan,
 
In wireless communications, link reliability is an issue.  Requiring the
RREP to follow the reverse path is a means of protecting against an
unreliable link.  For example, if the link reliability is 0.2, that
means that, on the average, once every five attempts, one will get
through.  One of those times could be a RREQ.  We wouldn't want to use
such a link to transmit a message.  However, if the path must be
traversed twice, once for the RREQ and once for the RREP, the chances of
both transmissions being received is only 0.04.  
 
Also, when a RREQ is sent out, there may be multiple replies via several
routes.  The requesting node will wait for a time interval for later
replies to arrive, then choose the best one.  If a RREP fails to arrive
because of an unreliable link, chances are that some other RREP will be
chosen from those that did arrive.  If no other RREP does arrive, then,
after a timeout, the RREQ will be sent out again, possibly with some
parameters changed.
 
Notice that I said "on the average" above.  There is a chance that even
a reliable link will fail in one direction or the other.  There is also
a chance that an unreliable path will be chosen.  The idea of the
protocol is to improve the odds, but nothing is certain.
 
John Mullen
-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Ehsan Hamadani
Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 7:42 AM
To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: [manet] question on RREP


Sorry , in the third line I made a mistake by using RREP, it should be
RREQ. So this is my question :
 
Hi all
I am a PhD student and it is just about 2 months that I have started my
research on Ad-Hoc networks.
My question is that in all reactive routing protocols, we assume that
RREP follows the reverse path in which RREQ has arrived, so what will
happen if in the return path one of the links are broken?? Does the
destination start a routing discovery to destination?
 
I would be thankful if someone can answer me.
 
Regards
 
Ehsan  
 

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<DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>Hi=20
Ehsan,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>In=20
wireless communications, link reliability is an issue.&nbsp; Requiring =
the RREP=20
to follow the reverse path is a means of protecting against an =
unreliable=20
link.&nbsp; For example, if the link reliability is 0.2, that means =
that, on the=20
average, once every five attempts, one will get through.&nbsp; One of =
those=20
times could be a RREQ.&nbsp; We wouldn't want to use such a link to =
transmit a=20
message.&nbsp; However, if the path must be traversed twice, once for =
the RREQ=20
and once for the RREP, the chances of both transmissions being received =
is only=20
0.04.&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>Also,=20
when a RREQ is sent out, there may be multiple replies via several =
routes.&nbsp;=20
The requesting node will wait for a time interval for later replies to =
arrive,=20
then choose the best one.&nbsp; If a RREP fails to arrive because of an=20
unreliable link, chances are that some other RREP&nbsp;will be chosen =
from those=20
that did arrive.&nbsp; If no other RREP does arrive, then, after a =
timeout, the=20
RREQ will be sent out again, possibly with some parameters=20
changed.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>Notice=20
that I said "on the average" above.&nbsp; There is a chance that even a =
reliable=20
link will fail in one direction or the other.&nbsp; There is also a =
chance that=20
an unreliable path will be chosen.&nbsp; The idea of the protocol is to =
improve=20
the odds, but nothing is certain.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>John=20
Mullen</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr style=3D"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr =
align=3Dleft><FONT=20
  face=3DTahoma size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B>=20
  manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of =
</B>Ehsan=20
  Hamadani<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, November 24, 2003 7:42 =
AM<BR><B>To:</B>=20
  manet@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> [manet] question on=20
RREP<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV class=3DSection1>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN class=3DGramE><FONT face=3DArial =
size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Sorry =
,</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><FONT=20
  face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial"> in the=20
  third line I made a mistake by using RREP, it should be RREQ. So this =
is my=20
  question :<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Hi=20
all<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I am a PhD student and =
it is just=20
  about 2 months that I have started my research on Ad-Hoc=20
  networks.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">My question is that in =
all=20
  reactive routing protocols, we assume that RREP follows the reverse =
path in=20
  which RREQ has arrived, so what will happen if in the return path one =
of the=20
  links are broken?? Does the destination start a routing discovery to=20
  destination?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I would be thankful if =
someone can=20
  answer me.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial">Regards<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Ehsan<SPAN=20
  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; =
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTM=
L>

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Hello,

In addition to the previous comments, I think that the usage of a single
spreading code can be also related to the fact that WLAN operates in an
unlicensed spectrum. The single random access channel gives some guarantees
about the interference level that a WLAN or group of collocated WLANs can
make to the other collocated entities that operate in the same spectrum.
This is due to the usage of CSMA and the limited number of successful
transmission that can occur simultaneously at the certain spatial point
(clearly, more than one e.g. due to reuse possibility for an exposed
terminal). If there are more spreading codes, the WLANs will have increased
throughput, but at the expense of increased interference level for the other
proximate license-free devices.

Regards,
Petar


----- Original Message -----
From: "Ioannis C. Avramopoulos" <iavramop@Princeton.EDU>
To: <manet@ietf.org>
Sent: Saturday, November 22, 2003 5:33 AM
Subject: [manet] MAC layer


>
> Dear fellows,
>
> I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.
>
> In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same
> frequency hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used
> orthogonal hopping patterns, spectrum utilization would
> significantly increase and, furthermore, the impact of
> malicious nodes with respect to jamming would be severely
> mitigated.
>
> I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter
> type are not considered in the ad hoc community. I would
> appreciate it if you could point me to any papers discussing
> such issues.
>
> Kind regards,
> Yannis
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet


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From: Dave Maltz <dmaltz+ietf@cs.cmu.edu>
To: John Mullen <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
cc: "'Ehsan Hamadani'" <E.Hamadani@city.ac.uk>, manet@ietf.org,
        dmaltz@cs.cmu.edu
Subject: Re: [manet] question on RREP 
References: <000001c3b2b9$e8929400$67f57b80@IEngr.ad.nmsu.edu> 
Date: Mon, 24 Nov 2003 15:16:20 -0500
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Generalizing slightly on John's comments, I think there is often value
in testing the candidate routes discovered by a reactive or on-demand
protocol.

Over the years, we have looked at many variations on this theme in the
design of DSR.  For example, when S does a route request for D, DSR is
capable of independently discovering a route from D->S, rather than
simply using the reverse route on the Route Request packet.
Basically, the discovered S->D route is turned into a Route Reply that
is piggybacked on a RouteRequest lauched from D targeting S. (The
results in our '96 paper use this mechanism. see below for more
details)

When we believed that 802.11b, with its */DATA/ACK exchanges, was
likely to become the dominant MAC for ad hoc network testbeds, we
changed the default behavior in DSR to be sending Route Replies along the
reverse route because it was critical to verify the reverse route
worked before reporting it as a candidate route.  (802.11b with its
per-hop ACK cannot successfully deliver data over a unidirectional
link).

I always intended to run an experiment where nodes able to reply from
their cache would unicast the Route Request along the cached route,
rather than simply return a Route Reply themselves.  This would test
that the cached route was still valid before returning it to the
requesting node.  I'm pretty sure we never published the results, and
I don't recall if we eventually ran the experiment or not.

Cheers, 
 -dam

Prior to '98, it was the case that our ns-2 implementation of DSR
could be changed to work with asymetric routes simply by changing the
value of the flag below, which caused DSR to use Route Discovery to
determine how to return Route Replies to an originating node.

bool dsragent_require_bi_routes = true;
// do we need to have bidirectional source routes? 

As comments in the source file show, after '98 I stopped supporting
that option.  You could reimplement it easily if you were interested
in experimenting with it.

David B. Johnson and David A. Maltz. Protocols for Adaptive Wireless
and Mobile Networking. IEEE Personal Communications, 3(1):34-42,
February 1996.
http://www.monarch.cs.rice.edu/monarch-papers/pcs-monarch.ps

In message <000001c3b2b9$e8929400$67f57b80@IEngr.ad.nmsu.edu>, "John Mullen" wr
ites:
>Hi Ehsan,
> 
>In wireless communications, link reliability is an issue.  Requiring the
>RREP to follow the reverse path is a means of protecting against an
>unreliable link.  For example, if the link reliability is 0.2, that
>means that, on the average, once every five attempts, one will get
>through.  One of those times could be a RREQ.  We wouldn't want to use
>such a link to transmit a message.  However, if the path must be
>traversed twice, once for the RREQ and once for the RREP, the chances of
>both transmissions being received is only 0.04.  
> 
>Also, when a RREQ is sent out, there may be multiple replies via several
>routes.  The requesting node will wait for a time interval for later
>replies to arrive, then choose the best one.  If a RREP fails to arrive
>because of an unreliable link, chances are that some other RREP will be
>chosen from those that did arrive.  If no other RREP does arrive, then,
>after a timeout, the RREQ will be sent out again, possibly with some
>parameters changed.
> 
>Notice that I said "on the average" above.  There is a chance that even
>a reliable link will fail in one direction or the other.  There is also
>a chance that an unreliable path will be chosen.  The idea of the
>protocol is to improve the odds, but nothing is certain.
> 
>John Mullen
>-----Original Message-----
>From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>Ehsan Hamadani
>Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 7:42 AM
>To: manet@ietf.org
>Subject: [manet] question on RREP
>
>
>Sorry , in the third line I made a mistake by using RREP, it should be
>RREQ. So this is my question :
> 
>Hi all
>I am a PhD student and it is just about 2 months that I have started my
>research on Ad-Hoc networks.
>My question is that in all reactive routing protocols, we assume that
>RREP follows the reverse path in which RREQ has arrived, so what will
>happen if in the return path one of the links are broken?? Does the
>destination start a routing discovery to destination?
> 
>I would be thankful if someone can answer me.
> 
>Regards
> 
>Ehsan  
> 
>
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><DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
>size=3D2>Hi=20
>Ehsan,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
><DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
>
>size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
><DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
>size=3D2>In=20
>wireless communications, link reliability is an issue.&nbsp; Requiring =
>the RREP=20
>to follow the reverse path is a means of protecting against an =
>unreliable=20
>link.&nbsp; For example, if the link reliability is 0.2, that means =
>that, on the=20
>average, once every five attempts, one will get through.&nbsp; One of =
>those=20
>times could be a RREQ.&nbsp; We wouldn't want to use such a link to =
>transmit a=20
>message.&nbsp; However, if the path must be traversed twice, once for =
>the RREQ=20
>and once for the RREP, the chances of both transmissions being received =
>is only=20
>0.04.&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
><DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
>
>size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
><DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
>size=3D2>Also,=20
>when a RREQ is sent out, there may be multiple replies via several =
>routes.&nbsp;=20
>The requesting node will wait for a time interval for later replies to =
>arrive,=20
>then choose the best one.&nbsp; If a RREP fails to arrive because of an=20
>unreliable link, chances are that some other RREP&nbsp;will be chosen =
>from those=20
>that did arrive.&nbsp; If no other RREP does arrive, then, after a =
>timeout, the=20
>RREQ will be sent out again, possibly with some parameters=20
>changed.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
><DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
>
>size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
><DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
>size=3D2>Notice=20
>that I said "on the average" above.&nbsp; There is a chance that even a =
>reliable=20
>link will fail in one direction or the other.&nbsp; There is also a =
>chance that=20
>an unreliable path will be chosen.&nbsp; The idea of the protocol is to =
>improve=20
>the odds, but nothing is certain.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
><DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
>
>size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
><DIV><SPAN class=3D412522518-24112003><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
>size=3D2>John=20
>Mullen</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
><BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr style=3D"MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
>  <DIV></DIV>
>  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr =
>align=3Dleft><FONT=20
>  face=3DTahoma size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B>=20
>  manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of =
></B>Ehsan=20
>  Hamadani<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, November 24, 2003 7:42 =
>AM<BR><B>To:</B>=20
>  manet@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> [manet] question on=20
>RREP<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
>  <DIV class=3DSection1>
>  <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN class=3DGramE><FONT face=3DArial =
>size=3D2><SPAN=20
>  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Sorry =
>,</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><FONT=20
>  face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
>Arial"> in the=20
>  third line I made a mistake by using RREP, it should be RREQ. So this =
>is my=20
>  question :<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
>  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
>  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
>Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
>  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
>  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Hi=20
>all<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
>  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
>  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I am a PhD student and =
>it is just=20
>  about 2 months that I have started my research on Ad-Hoc=20
>  networks.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
>  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
>  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">My question is that in =
>all=20
>  reactive routing protocols, we assume that RREP follows the reverse =
>path in=20
>  which RREQ has arrived, so what will happen if in the return path one =
>of the=20
>  links are broken?? Does the destination start a routing discovery to=20
>  destination?<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
>  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
>  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
>Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
>  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
>  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">I would be thankful if =
>someone can=20
>  answer me.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
>  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
>  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
>Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
>  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
>  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
>Arial">Regards<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
>  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
>  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
>Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
>  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
>  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial">Ehsan<SPAN=20
>  style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; =
></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
>  <P class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><SPAN=20
>  style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
>Arial"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></FONT></P></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTM=
>L>
>
>------=_NextPart_000_0001_01C3B27F.3C33BC00--
>
>
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From: "John Mullen" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
To: "'Joe Macker'" <macker@itd.nrl.navy.mil>, <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
Date: Mon, 24 Nov 2003 13:47:45 -0700
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Hi Joe,

I guess it is good to bear in mind that this is an evolving situation.
My first wireless phone did OK out in the country, but when I moved to
the "big city" I found I needed a phone with more channels to avoid
interference with neighbors.  I think as MANETs and other wireless
solutions become more common, it will become more necessary to include
more sophisticated methods and the simpler, less expensive, alternatives
will be phased out.  In addition, as new technology is developed, the
more sophisticated options will become less and less expensive.
Eventually, manufacturers will not want to support both the older and
newer technology and the old stuff will be phased out.

That is, we'll be able to tell our grand kids about the "good old days"
when there were hot spots, antennas were omni and the leading MAC
protocol was 802.11.

John Mullen
Who remembers crystal radios, 33, 45 and 78 rpm records, when Hollerith
cards were an innovation, and when everybody had to set their watch
every day.



-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Joe Macker
Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 8:28 AM
To: Ioannis C. Avramopoulos; manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] MAC layer


At 11:33 PM 11/21/2003, Ioannis C. Avramopoulos wrote:

>Dear fellows,
>
>I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.
>
>In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same frequency 
>hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used orthogonal hopping 
>patterns, spectrum utilization would significantly increase and, 
>furthermore, the impact of malicious nodes with respect to jamming 
>would be severely mitigated.
>
>I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter
>type are not considered in the ad hoc community. I would appreciate it 
>if you could point me to any papers discussing such issues.

802.11 is "widely available and inexpensive" and has an ad hoc mode 
which makes broadcast neighbor association simple.  

There are NO fundamental reasons why it has to be the MAC layer. There
are many possibilities here.  You've point out one.

There is plenty of work here and you can go back to the 1980s..


>Kind regards,
>Yannis
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
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At 03:47 PM 11/24/2003, John Mullen wrote:
>Hi Joe,
>
>I guess it is good to bear in mind that this is an evolving situation.
>My first wireless phone did OK out in the country, but when I moved to
>the "big city" I found I needed a phone with more channels to avoid
>interference with neighbors.  I think as MANETs and other wireless
>solutions become more common, it will become more necessary to include
>more sophisticated methods and the simpler, less expensive, alternatives
>will be phased out.  In addition, as new technology is developed, the
>more sophisticated options will become less and less expensive.
>Eventually, manufacturers will not want to support both the older and
>newer technology and the old stuff will be phased out.

Absolutely, did you think I wasn't agreeing ? I am.
(Even in the short history since IETFish MANET).
802.11 was relatively expensive and just becoming a standard
while many of use were developing routing solutions and looking
for a cheap off-the-shelf digital radio.  

We had heterogeneous wireless in mind. (there was early
diffused IR work even)..and we still do keep this idea
alive.  Heterogeneity is what IP is good at...and its
partly why we started this WG in this forum.

This is not a research group, but better MACs are certain to 
evolve (the 802 series will move on).  

Some MAC/PHY combinations when they become
widespread realities will likely require some redesign of the 
routing layer interface functions (e.g., different interface type classes).

I worked on a variety of MAC types, including CDMA, in the 80s.,
and I expect to run UWB in my house as a grandad someday...
...let's trade 78s I have some Caruso but its going to cost you ;->

------------------------- 


_______________________________________________
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manet@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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	 Mon, 24 Nov 2003 13:47:01 -0800
Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
From: Rex Buddenberg <budden@nps.navy.mil>
To: #LI ZHIFEI# <zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg>
Cc: "Ioannis C. Avramopoulos" <iavramop@Princeton.EDU>, manet@ietf.org
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You may find the question clearer if you look at it from a security
vulnerability point of view.

But first, we need to sort out layers properly.  CDMA in packet switched
radio networks is a physical layer function not a MAC layer one.  Per
802 committee usage:
	- LLC sublayer (802.1, 802.2)	\data link layer
	- MAC sublayer			/
	- PMI sublayer			\physical layer
	- Phy sublayer			/

CDMA (or FDMA or QAM) all fall in the Phy sublayer (or some purists
would argue below that).

MAC, by contrast, has to do with how stations take turns.


Now to the security questions.  What security attributes to we need at
each layer to provide a complete solution?
	- at the MAC sublayer, the vulnerability to be worried about is traffic
analysis and traffic flow analysis.  The keys to that vulnerability are
the MAC addresses (in ethernet terms, the factory-assigned hardware
addresses).  One proper approach to plugging this vulnerability is to
encrypt these addresses is link encryption.  
	- at the Phy sublare the vulnerabilities include Low Probability of
Intercept/Detection and jam resistance.  In commercial 802.11 jam
resistance was properly considered; LPI/LPD was not.  The single direct
sequence spread spectrum code addresses jamming, but any netstumbler can
find the correct PN code and intercept.  Addition of more spreading
codes would complicate the LPI/LPD problem (and probably complicate
system configuration as well).  

	(for completeness, layer 3 security measures provide for enclaving or
perimeter control.  Note that so far, all these measures protect the
_infrastructure_, not the data directly.
	Layer 7 protections (SSL, ssh, S/MIME, all with PKI) are protections of
the data and are consequently media-independent and can be arranged
end-to-end -- something you can't do with any of the lower layer
remedies.)



On Sun, 2003-11-23 at 21:13, #LI ZHIFEI# wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> I think your question is: why CDMA is not used in ad hoc networks? I also try to figure out the reasons.
> I have the following reasons: 
> (1) since ad hoc network is fully distributed, how to make the code orthogonal, and how to make the sender be aware of the code it should use before transmitting?
> (2) again, due to the distributed nature, how to do the power control to cope with the inteference which is ensential for cdma system?
> 
> However, the above difficulties do not mean that we should not try to apply CDMA into ad hoc networks. In fact, there is a paper talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks 
> in mobihoc 2003. The author is also on this list, and maybe he can give us his understanding.
> 
> Also, it seems that in the literature about packet radio networks ( ad hoc networks developed for military use during 1970s), they normally use CDMA for security reason (i.e., jamming as you have mentioned). However, now there are very few papers talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks. Reasearch is really a little bit strange :).
> 
> 
> Best regards
> Li zhifei
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ioannis C. Avramopoulos
> Sent: dissabte, 22 / novembre / 2003 12:33
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: [manet] MAC layer
> 
> Dear fellows,
> 
> I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.
> 
> In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same
> frequency hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used
> orthogonal hopping patterns, spectrum utilization would
> significantly increase and, furthermore, the impact of
> malicious nodes with respect to jamming would be severely 
> mitigated.
> 
> I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter
> type are not considered in the ad hoc community. I would
> appreciate it if you could point me to any papers discussing
> such issues.
> 
> Kind regards,
> Yannis
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
-- 
b


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From: "Shantha, Raghavendra Vasanth" <raghu@ku.edu>
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Please Unsubscribe me.
=20
Thanks,
Raghavendra Shantha
Project Coordinator, DEEC
The University of Kansas
785-864-4539
raghu@ku.edu
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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
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Please see my question below.

> Now to the security questions.
> - at the Phy sublare the vulnerabilities include Low Probability of
> Intercept/Detection and jam resistance.  

Any node in the network can jam the transmissions of any other node
within transmission range trivially. So in what way is jam resistance 
properly considered? This attack is possible even by outsiders as the
spreading code is made public.

> In commercial 802.11 jam
> resistance was properly considered; LPI/LPD was not.  The single 
> directsequence spread spectrum code addresses jamming, but any 
> netstumbler can
> find the correct PN code and intercept.  Addition of more spreading
> codes would complicate the LPI/LPD problem (and probably complicate
> system configuration as well).  

The design would be more complex but the benefits, including performance
and security, would be great I think. From the discussion I haven't heard
any compelling reason not to do it.

Yannis


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From: "John Mullen" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
To: "'Joe Macker'" <macker@itd.nrl.navy.mil>, <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
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Hi Joe,

I figured you would agree.

:-)

Technology is wonderful, when it works.  I suppose one problem in this
working group is trying to come up with a MANET protocol that works, not
only in the variety of situations that exist today, but also in those
likely to exist in the near future.

BTW, we are looking for some "cheap off-the-shelf digital radio" that we
can use over a distance of a few hundred meters.  The only catch is we
are looking for devices that we can connect to a computer and that will
allow us to monitor the received power and/or S/N ratio.  Any
suggestions?

John Mullen

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Joe Macker
Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 2:31 PM
To: John Mullen; manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer


At 03:47 PM 11/24/2003, John Mullen wrote:
>Hi Joe,
>
>I guess it is good to bear in mind that this is an evolving situation. 
>My first wireless phone did OK out in the country, but when I moved to 
>the "big city" I found I needed a phone with more channels to avoid 
>interference with neighbors.  I think as MANETs and other wireless 
>solutions become more common, it will become more necessary to include 
>more sophisticated methods and the simpler, less expensive, 
>alternatives will be phased out.  In addition, as new technology is 
>developed, the more sophisticated options will become less and less 
>expensive. Eventually, manufacturers will not want to support both the 
>older and newer technology and the old stuff will be phased out.

Absolutely, did you think I wasn't agreeing ? I am.
(Even in the short history since IETFish MANET).
802.11 was relatively expensive and just becoming a standard while many
of use were developing routing solutions and looking for a cheap
off-the-shelf digital radio.  

We had heterogeneous wireless in mind. (there was early diffused IR work
even)..and we still do keep this idea alive.  Heterogeneity is what IP
is good at...and its partly why we started this WG in this forum.

This is not a research group, but better MACs are certain to 
evolve (the 802 series will move on).  

Some MAC/PHY combinations when they become
widespread realities will likely require some redesign of the 
routing layer interface functions (e.g., different interface type
classes).

I worked on a variety of MAC types, including CDMA, in the 80s., and I
expect to run UWB in my house as a grandad someday... ...let's trade 78s
I have some Caruso but its going to cost you ;->

------------------------- 


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From: Joe Macker <macker@itd.nrl.navy.mil>
Subject: Re: RE: [manet] MAC layer
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While I think this is interesting (and many in the forum have the technical
background to discuss it) this is getting a little out of scope for
this WG's charter.  We are not chartered to design lower layers (the 
IEEE forum and others can be approached with arguments). 

I think everyone mostly agrees there can be better lower layers for 
wireless developed (they are also likely application specific). Some may even
include subnet routing.

Let's concentrate on the IP technology issues for better dynamic wireless routing. 
Heterogeneous interface considerations are fair game.

If there's a specific lower layer with interfacing/behavior/IP 
interaction issues that's also fair game, because we can discuss how the
routing layer should interface and perhaps behave over top of this
interface layer.

-Joe


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Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
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At 06:03 PM 11/24/2003, John Mullen wrote:
>Hi Joe,
>
>I figured you would agree.
>
>:-)
>
>Technology is wonderful, when it works.  I suppose one problem in this
>working group is trying to come up with a MANET protocol that works, not
>only in the variety of situations that exist today, but also in those
>likely to exist in the near future.

True...


>BTW, we are looking for some "cheap off-the-shelf digital radio" that we
>can use over a distance of a few hundred meters.  The only catch is we
>are looking for devices that we can connect to a computer and that will
>allow us to monitor the received power and/or S/N ratio.  Any
>suggestions?

We are looking for something similar... ;-)

While some selected drivers, cards, and other wireless devices 
allow some level of this .. things could be improved. If you
are going to do something with the information metric provided
at a routing layer or neighbor discovery/management layer 
its also important to know how it was measured and potentially filtered
or not.

IMHO, some general improvements here would be welcome.

-joe



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Prassana,

    The modulation schemes that provide the 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 Mbps
data rates all use the same bandwidth of RF spectrum.  The result
is that the 1 Mbps data rate  has about a 10 dB processing gain as
compared to the 11 Mbps data rate.  So as a rough estimate in
802.11, given the same transmit power, the SNR advantage data rate
x has over data rate y is y/x.  That is, data rate y needs y/x
more signal power in order to have the same BER as data rate x. 
Since the maximum transmit power of 802.11 is regulated, the
transmission range of the data rates change.   Graphs in the
following reference will give you a better comparison of the
performance of the modulation schemes.

C. Heegard, et al, "High Performance Wireless Ethernet," IEEE
Communications Magazine, Nov 2001.  pp. 64 -73.

    An interesting problem that I have not found any information
on is how these modulation schemes affect each other.  MANET
channels are interference limited not noise limited.   The data
rate control schemes that I have read about assume communication
to and from base stations and so no interference.  I would imagine
in MANETS, using the different data rates with the data rate
selection schemes that come with the devices will exacerbate the
hidden terminal problems that result from interference having a
greater range than the RTS/CTS virtual sensing range.

    By the way, I imagine that most M&S environments fail to
capture these effects and the problems they cause.

John

"Prasanna.Padmanabhan-1" wrote:

> Hello Everyone,
>
> In one of the WLAN cards (Wireless LAN Mini PCI Type 3A card), I see that for higher bandwidth cards they offer, the transmission range decreases.
>
> For example, a 1 Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 550m,
> a 2 Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 400m,
> a 11 Mbps WLAN card has a tranmission range of 160m.
>
> Does that mean that bandwidth and transmission range are inversely proportional.
> I understand transmission range is related to Power. But how is it related to Bandwidth?
>
> Please let me know.
> Thanks,
> Prasanna
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet


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> You don't use perfectly orthogonal codes in CDMA, as that would
require synchronized transmissions, impossible to achieve when mobile
hosts move about. But that doesn't stop 2G and 3G from working. 

This is not true. IS-95 and cdma2000 both use Walsh codes for forward
link, and W-CDMA uses OVSF for downlink. Both Walsh codes and OVSF are
(perfectly) orthogonal codes.

For cellular networks, mobility is not the issue as far as orthogonality
is concerned, but multipath is. For ad hoc networks, orthogonality is
not possible due to different propagation delays between the desired
reception and the signals from other nearby nodes (especially from very
close nodes).

Chihsiang

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Manfredi, Albert E
Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 9:48 AM
To: Ioannis C. Avramopoulos; manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer

Hi Guys,

I think Yannis is asking something different.

CDMA, exactly as implemented in 2G and 3G cellular networks, is of
course not used in IEEE 802.11. For one thing, IEEE 802.11 is not a
circuit-based technique. But the fundamentals of the scheme, i.e. use of
direct sequence spread spectrum, are indeed used in IEEE 802.11b.

I think what Yannis was asking is why aren't individual 802.11 LANs
differentiated by the spreading sequence used in creating chips out of
bits, as done in CDMA cellular phones. Instead of differentiating purely
on the basis of the carrier frequency.

You don't use perfectly orthogonal codes in CDMA, as that would require
synchronized transmissions, impossible to achieve when mobile hosts move
about. But that doesn't stop 2G and 3G from working. What happens is, as
more and more users share the same frequncy band, the noise level for
each user increases, until the noise overwhelms the channel. So you have
a soft ceiling on number of users that can share a frequncy band, unlike
TDMA where the limit is hard.

I don't know why 802.11 doesn't use differnt spreading sequences as well
as different frequency bands to differentiate LANs. One reason might be
to simplify the design. Another might be that allowing multiple
spreading sequences in the same frequency band will increase the noise
level and reduce performance in umpredictable ways.

Bert


> -----Original Message-----
> From: #LI ZHIFEI# [mailto:zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg]
> Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 12:13 AM
> To: Ioannis C. Avramopoulos; manet@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I think your question is: why CDMA is not used in ad hoc 
> networks? I also try to figure out the reasons.
> I have the following reasons: 
> (1) since ad hoc network is fully distributed, how to make 
> the code orthogonal, and how to make the sender be aware of 
> the code it should use before transmitting?
> (2) again, due to the distributed nature, how to do the power 
> control to cope with the inteference which is ensential for 
> cdma system?
> 
> However, the above difficulties do not mean that we should 
> not try to apply CDMA into ad hoc networks. In fact, there is 
> a paper talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks 
> in mobihoc 2003. The author is also on this list, and maybe 
> he can give us his understanding.
> 
> Also, it seems that in the literature about packet radio 
> networks ( ad hoc networks developed for military use during 
> 1970s), they normally use CDMA for security reason (i.e., 
> jamming as you have mentioned). However, now there are very 
> few papers talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks. Reasearch 
> is really a little bit strange :).
> 
> 
> Best regards
> Li zhifei
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On 
> Behalf Of Ioannis C. Avramopoulos
> Sent: dissabte, 22 / novembre / 2003 12:33
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: [manet] MAC layer
> 
> Dear fellows,
> 
> I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.
> 
> In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same
> frequency hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used
> orthogonal hopping patterns, spectrum utilization would
> significantly increase and, furthermore, the impact of
> malicious nodes with respect to jamming would be severely 
> mitigated.
> 
> I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter
> type are not considered in the ad hoc community. I would
> appreciate it if you could point me to any papers discussing
> such issues.
> 
> Kind regards,
> Yannis
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> 

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Subject: [manet] Power consumption questions
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Hello Everyone,

Im a beginner to MANET field of research. I have a question regarding power consumption of a mobile node. I have read through the archives and found a couple of papers which address this issue.

[Feeney, 2001] - Investigating the Energy Consumption of a Wireless Network Interface in an Ad Hoc Networking Environment
[Jean-Pierre Ebert, 2002] - A trace based approach for determining the energy consumption of a WLAN network interface.
and a couple more.

But all these determine the "power consumed by the communication device - WLAN card".
Im assuming the mobile nodes to be hand held devices - PDA in my simulation model.

I feel that the power consumed by such PDA is
1. "power consumed by the communication device - WLAN card" - 
	plus (+)
2. "power consumed by the mobile host while processing - computing power"

These together would give us a more precise value of the power consumed by the PDA. Am I right ?

If yes, how can I find the "power consumed by mobile host for processing in different modes of operation" like active mode, doze mode and sleep mode ?

Please guide me on this.
Thanks,
Manigandan
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Actually, the biggest issue is not knowing which channel to
transmit on but knowing which channel to listen to.  The problem
is that in ad hoc networks, broadcasting is essential to link and
topology discovery.  Nodes must share a channel to receive
broadcasts.  Say we use receiver directed codes for peer-to-peer
packets.  From the
transmitters point of view the solution is simple, use the
broadcast code to broadcast packets and use the receiver directed
code of the destination for peer-to-peer packets.   In an
asynchronous protocol like 802.11, an active node does not when it
will receive a packet nor if the next packet it will receive will
be broadcast or
peer-to-peer.  It really isn't possible for it to know which
channel to listen to.

A second issue in carrier sensing protocols such as 802.11 is that
getting a benefit from CDMA requires relaxing the carrier sensing
and virtual sensing mechanisms which can result in a near-far
condition.   A contender may start transmitting during its
neighbor's reception since it does not defer as it would if it
were virtual
sensing.  Even though it uses a different code, the contender may
interfere with the ongoing reception on account of its relative
proximity to that node.

John

#LI ZHIFEI# wrote:

> Hi,
>
> I think your question is: why CDMA is not used in ad hoc networks? I also try to figure out the reasons.
> I have the following reasons:
> (1) since ad hoc network is fully distributed, how to make the code orthogonal, and how to make the sender be aware of the code it should use before transmitting?
> (2) again, due to the distributed nature, how to do the power control to cope with the inteference which is ensential for cdma system?
>
> However, the above difficulties do not mean that we should not try to apply CDMA into ad hoc networks. In fact, there is a paper talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks
> in mobihoc 2003. The author is also on this list, and maybe he can give us his understanding.
>
> Also, it seems that in the literature about packet radio networks ( ad hoc networks developed for military use during 1970s), they normally use CDMA for security reason (i.e., jamming as you have mentioned). However, now there are very few papers talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks. Reasearch is really a little bit strange :).
>
> Best regards
> Li zhifei
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ioannis C. Avramopoulos
> Sent: dissabte, 22 / novembre / 2003 12:33
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: [manet] MAC layer
>
> Dear fellows,
>
> I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.
>
> In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same
> frequency hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used
> orthogonal hopping patterns, spectrum utilization would
> significantly increase and, furthermore, the impact of
> malicious nodes with respect to jamming would be severely
> mitigated.
>
> I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter
> type are not considered in the ad hoc community. I would
> appreciate it if you could point me to any papers discussing
> such issues.
>
> Kind regards,
> Yannis
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet


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Hi, Frank

>>>I think you are talking about the PMD_ED and PMD_CS thresholds in the =
standard.=20

Yes, I refer to that.

>>> Is it always true that PMD_CS < PMD_ED? Do you know the concrete =
values of PMD_CS and PMD_ED thresholds for any wlan card?

I am not familar with the parameters used in practical  WLAN cards. =
However, for the standard itself, the condition PMD_CS < PMD_ED should =
be true, at least for IEEE 802.11a where
the PMD_ED is 20 DB greater than PMD_CS.

>>>Furthermore, is it correct to use 'receiver sensitivity' to calculate =
sensing range?=20
I think the receiver-sensitivity is used to calculate the transmission =
range, while the CCA sensitivity (or CS threshold) is used to calculate =
the sensing range.


Please point out if I made any mistakes.

Best regards
Li zhifei




-----Original Message-----
From: Frank Li [mailto:frank.li@unik.no]
Sent: dilluns, 24 / novembre / 2003 21:41
To: #LI ZHIFEI#
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g


Hi Zhifei,

I think you are talking about the PMD_ED and PMD_CS thresholds in the =
standard. Is it always=20
true that PMD_CS < PMD_ED? Do you know the concrete values of PMD_CS and =
PMD_ED thresholds for any wlan card? Furthermore, is it correct to use =
'receiver sensitivity' to calculate sensing range?=20

Frank




-----Original Message-----
From: #LI ZHIFEI# [mailto:zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg]
Sent: 24. november 2003 06:33
To: Frank Li; manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g


Hi, frank

Here is my answer to your question though my answer is definitely not =
'autoritative' as you are looking for :):

Whenever the received power of a frame is above the CS threshold and the =
channel is sensed as busy,
whether or not the PLCP header of that frame can be received correctly =
depends on how large the carrier sensing energy
threshold is. If the threshold is large enough, the PLCP header can =
always be interpreted.  Otherwise, there is some possibility that the =
PLCP is un-interpretable. However, since
the PLCP header is very short and is always transmitted in the lowest =
rate,  the probability that the PLCP header is interpretable should be =
very large. This is especially true if the wireless card developers =
follow the recommented value of the threshold in the standard.=20

I hope this will help.

Best regards
Li zhifei


>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Let me repeat the same question in my previous mail. Assume the received =
power is just above the CS threshold and the channel is sensed as busy. =
Does this mean that the PHY header (PMD/PLCP) can be correctly decoded =
but not the MPDU, or even the PHY header itself can NOT be decoded? Can =
anyone give me an 'authoritative' answer to this point? Thanks.

Frank




-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of =
Frank Li
Sent: dimarts, 18 / novembre / 2003 20:10
To: Claude Chaudet
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g


Hi Claude,=20

I guess you are using two-ray model with 'receiver sensitivity' -83 dBm =
and Tx power 15 dBm to get the following CS threshold.

Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_ 5.011872e-12

My question is - is it sensible to use 'receiver sensitivity' to =
calculate CS threshold? (Using the same calculation for -94 dBm at 1 =
Mbps, the sensing range will be 796 m).
Furthermore, does the CS threshold mean that the PHY header can be =
correctly decoded if received power is above the threshold, or the =
channel is sensed as busy but the PHY header can NOT be decoded?=20

BTW, CPThresh is the capture threshold, not required SNR to 'understand' =
the frame. When multiple frames are detected, the frame with strongest =
power (CPThresh>10) will be decoded, otherwise, all frames are =
discarded.=20

BR
Frank

  =20
-----Original Message-----
From: Claude Chaudet [mailto:Claude.Chaudet@ens-lyon.fr]
Sent: 18. november 2003 10:59
To: Emmanuel Agu
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g


Hello,

That's true, NS (at least version 2.26) simulates 2Mbps 802.11.

Nevertheless, you can change this by simply putting in your script the=20
following lines :
	Mac/802_11 set bandwidth_   11e6
	Mac/802_11 set dataRate_      11e6
	Mac/802_11 set basicRate_     2e6

This only changes the rate at which data is sent. This can be useful=20
for simulating
802.11b protocol, for which only the physical layer changes. But=20
simulating 802.11a
will need at least some timings modifications in the mac/mac-802_11.*=20
files.

Concerning the physical layer parameters, I tried to update some=20
parameters based on the
specification of an Avaya card. Nevertheless, being no expert in=20
physical layers, I cannot
guarantee this will be the exact parameters.
Here they are :
	Phy/WirelessPhy set CPThresh_ 10.0
	Phy/WirelessPhy set CSThresh_ 5.011872e-12
	Phy/WirelessPhy set RXThresh_ 1.15209e-10
	Phy/WirelessPhy set Rb_ 11e6
	Phy/WirelessPhy set bandwidth_ 11e6
	Phy/WirelessPhy set Pt_ 0.031622777
	Phy/WirelessPhy set freq_ 2457e+6
	Phy/WirelessPhy set L_ 1.0

Concerning this, I wondered if anyone on this list could provide good=20
values once
and for all, so that we can use ns, opnet and any other simulator on=20
the same basis.
I am especially interested in the CPThresh parameter, i.e. the signal=20
over noise
ratio (in dB) required to understand a frame. I found no value in any=20
NIC specification.
I suppose it depends on the physical layer. 10 dB was used for early=20
802.11, is it still
the good value for newer ones ?

Claude Chaudet.


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Hi, John

One possible method is to use a common code for the header parter, while =
using a receiver-based / transmiter-based code (in the case of =
peer-to-peer mode) ,=20
or transmiter-based / common-code (in case of broadcast) for the actual =
payload part. Therefore, a node only needs to listen to the channel with =
common-code.

I am not sure it works, please clarify.


Best regards
Li zhifei

-----Original Message-----
From: John Stine [mailto:jstine@mitre.org]
Sent: dimarts, 25 / novembre / 2003 03:09
To: #LI ZHIFEI#
Subject: Re: [manet] MAC layer


Actually, the biggest issue is not knowing which channel to transmit on =
but knowing which channel to listen to.  The problem is that in ad hoc =
networks, broadcasting is essential to link and topology discovery.  =
Nodes must share a channel to receive broadcasts.  Say we use receiver =
directed codes for peer-to-peer packets.  From the
transmitters point of view the solution is simple, use the broadcast =
code to broadcast packets and use the receiver directed code of the =
destination for peer-to-peer packets.   In an asynchronous protocol like =
802.11, an active node does not when it will receive a packet nor if the =
next packet it will receive will be broadcast or
peer-to-peer.  It really isn't possible for it to know which channel to =
listen to.

A second issue in carrier sensing protocols such as 802.11 is that =
getting a benefit from CDMA requires relaxing the carrier sensing and =
virtual sensing mechanisms which can result in a near-far condition.   A =
contender may start transmitting during its neighbor's reception since =
it does not defer as it would if it were virtual
sensing.  Even though it uses a different code, the contender may =
interfere with the ongoing reception on account of its relative =
proximity to that node.

John

#LI ZHIFEI# wrote:

> Hi,
>
> I think your question is: why CDMA is not used in ad hoc networks? I =
also try to figure out the reasons.
> I have the following reasons:
> (1) since ad hoc network is fully distributed, how to make the code =
orthogonal, and how to make the sender be aware of the code it should =
use before transmitting?
> (2) again, due to the distributed nature, how to do the power control =
to cope with the inteference which is ensential for cdma system?
>
> However, the above difficulties do not mean that we should not try to =
apply CDMA into ad hoc networks. In fact, there is a paper talking about =
CDMA in ad hoc networks
> in mobihoc 2003. The author is also on this list, and maybe he can =
give us his understanding.
>
> Also, it seems that in the literature about packet radio networks ( ad =
hoc networks developed for military use during 1970s), they normally use =
CDMA for security reason (i.e., jamming as you have mentioned). However, =
now there are very few papers talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks. =
Reasearch is really a little bit strange :).
>
> Best regards
> Li zhifei
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of =
Ioannis C. Avramopoulos
> Sent: dissabte, 22 / novembre / 2003 12:33
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: [manet] MAC layer
>
> Dear fellows,
>
> I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.
>
> In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same
> frequency hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used
> orthogonal hopping patterns, spectrum utilization would
> significantly increase and, furthermore, the impact of
> malicious nodes with respect to jamming would be severely
> mitigated.
>
> I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter
> type are not considered in the ad hoc community. I would
> appreciate it if you could point me to any papers discussing
> such issues.
>
> Kind regards,
> Yannis
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
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John,

    The complexity of code assignment depends on your assignment scheme.  If
using a receiver directed coding scheme, assignment can be trivial.  Given n
codes choose one none of your two hop neighbors are using and broadcast it
to your neighbors.  If there are not enough codes, randomly select one on a
periodic basis and broadcast it to your neighbors.  If you have a code but
another node moves in range of you using the same code,  choose a new code
using one of the techniques above.  Even when a node has a neighbor that
uses the same code, it will usually be rare that contenders will be sending
a packet to different destinations that use the same code.  In an access
scheme that I have been working on, this conflict occurred <0.5% of the
contentions in a congested degree 10 network using 10 codes.  Note that in
this network codes were reused 4 times on average in a two-hop range.

John

John Mullen wrote:

> Hi,
>
> I think the answer is simpler than that.  For CDMA to work, someone has
> to decide which channel each user should use.  This is managed by the
> base station in a cellular system, but in a MANET, could be a big
> headache.  An exception to this could be MANETs associated with specific
> organizations, such as the military, police, EMT, etc., in which channel
> assignments could be made and managed via some network plan.  In
> general, however, it would just be too unwieldy to manage.
>
> John Mullen
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Manfredi, Albert E
> Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 7:48 AM
> To: Ioannis C. Avramopoulos; manet@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
>
> Hi Guys,
>
> I think Yannis is asking something different.
>
> CDMA, exactly as implemented in 2G and 3G cellular networks, is of
> course not used in IEEE 802.11. For one thing, IEEE 802.11 is not a
> circuit-based technique. But the fundamentals of the scheme, i.e. use of
> direct sequence spread spectrum, are indeed used in IEEE 802.11b.
>
> I think what Yannis was asking is why aren't individual 802.11 LANs
> differentiated by the spreading sequence used in creating chips out of
> bits, as done in CDMA cellular phones. Instead of differentiating purely
> on the basis of the carrier frequency.
>
> You don't use perfectly orthogonal codes in CDMA, as that would require
> synchronized transmissions, impossible to achieve when mobile hosts move
> about. But that doesn't stop 2G and 3G from working. What happens is, as
> more and more users share the same frequncy band, the noise level for
> each user increases, until the noise overwhelms the channel. So you have
> a soft ceiling on number of users that can share a frequncy band, unlike
> TDMA where the limit is hard.
>
> I don't know why 802.11 doesn't use differnt spreading sequences as well
> as different frequency bands to differentiate LANs. One reason might be
> to simplify the design. Another might be that allowing multiple
> spreading sequences in the same frequency band will increase the noise
> level and reduce performance in umpredictable ways.
>
> Bert
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: #LI ZHIFEI# [mailto:zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg]
> > Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 12:13 AM
> > To: Ioannis C. Avramopoulos; manet@ietf.org
> > Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
> >
> >
> > Hi,
> >
> > I think your question is: why CDMA is not used in ad hoc
> > networks? I also try to figure out the reasons.
> > I have the following reasons:
> > (1) since ad hoc network is fully distributed, how to make
> > the code orthogonal, and how to make the sender be aware of
> > the code it should use before transmitting?
> > (2) again, due to the distributed nature, how to do the power
> > control to cope with the inteference which is ensential for
> > cdma system?
> >
> > However, the above difficulties do not mean that we should
> > not try to apply CDMA into ad hoc networks. In fact, there is
> > a paper talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks
> > in mobihoc 2003. The author is also on this list, and maybe
> > he can give us his understanding.
> >
> > Also, it seems that in the literature about packet radio
> > networks ( ad hoc networks developed for military use during
> > 1970s), they normally use CDMA for security reason (i.e.,
> > jamming as you have mentioned). However, now there are very
> > few papers talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks. Reasearch
> > is really a little bit strange :).
> >
> >
> > Best regards
> > Li zhifei
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On
> > Behalf Of Ioannis C. Avramopoulos
> > Sent: dissabte, 22 / novembre / 2003 12:33
> > To: manet@ietf.org
> > Subject: [manet] MAC layer
> >
> > Dear fellows,
> >
> > I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.
> >
> > In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same frequency
> > hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used orthogonal hopping
> > patterns, spectrum utilization would significantly increase and,
> > furthermore, the impact of malicious nodes with respect to jamming
> > would be severely mitigated.
> >
> > I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter type are not
>
> > considered in the ad hoc community. I would appreciate it if you could
>
> > point me to any papers discussing such issues.
> >
> > Kind regards,
> > Yannis
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
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Date: Tue, 25 Nov 2003 06:57:17 -0500
From: John Stine <jstine@mitre.org>
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CC: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] MAC layer
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Li Zhifei

As I remember, this is similar to the solution in the Sousa and Silvester paper that was identified earlier.  I can see no reason why this can't be implemented in an asynchronous access protocol but it doesn't solve the near-far problem that comes with asynchronous access.

John

#LI ZHIFEI# wrote:

> Hi, John
>
> One possible method is to use a common code for the header parter, while using a receiver-based / transmiter-based code (in the case of peer-to-peer mode) ,
> or transmiter-based / common-code (in case of broadcast) for the actual payload part. Therefore, a node only needs to listen to the channel with common-code.
>
> I am not sure it works, please clarify.
>
> Best regards
> Li zhifei
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: John Stine [mailto:jstine@mitre.org]
> Sent: dimarts, 25 / novembre / 2003 03:09
> To: #LI ZHIFEI#
> Subject: Re: [manet] MAC layer
>
> Actually, the biggest issue is not knowing which channel to transmit on but knowing which channel to listen to.  The problem is that in ad hoc networks, broadcasting is essential to link and topology discovery.  Nodes must share a channel to receive broadcasts.  Say we use receiver directed codes for peer-to-peer packets.  From the
> transmitters point of view the solution is simple, use the broadcast code to broadcast packets and use the receiver directed code of the destination for peer-to-peer packets.   In an asynchronous protocol like 802.11, an active node does not when it will receive a packet nor if the next packet it will receive will be broadcast or
> peer-to-peer.  It really isn't possible for it to know which channel to listen to.
>
> A second issue in carrier sensing protocols such as 802.11 is that getting a benefit from CDMA requires relaxing the carrier sensing and virtual sensing mechanisms which can result in a near-far condition.   A contender may start transmitting during its neighbor's reception since it does not defer as it would if it were virtual
> sensing.  Even though it uses a different code, the contender may interfere with the ongoing reception on account of its relative proximity to that node.
>
> John
>
> #LI ZHIFEI# wrote:
>
> > Hi,
> >
> > I think your question is: why CDMA is not used in ad hoc networks? I also try to figure out the reasons.
> > I have the following reasons:
> > (1) since ad hoc network is fully distributed, how to make the code orthogonal, and how to make the sender be aware of the code it should use before transmitting?
> > (2) again, due to the distributed nature, how to do the power control to cope with the inteference which is ensential for cdma system?
> >
> > However, the above difficulties do not mean that we should not try to apply CDMA into ad hoc networks. In fact, there is a paper talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks
> > in mobihoc 2003. The author is also on this list, and maybe he can give us his understanding.
> >
> > Also, it seems that in the literature about packet radio networks ( ad hoc networks developed for military use during 1970s), they normally use CDMA for security reason (i.e., jamming as you have mentioned). However, now there are very few papers talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks. Reasearch is really a little bit strange :).
> >
> > Best regards
> > Li zhifei
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ioannis C. Avramopoulos
> > Sent: dissabte, 22 / novembre / 2003 12:33
> > To: manet@ietf.org
> > Subject: [manet] MAC layer
> >
> > Dear fellows,
> >
> > I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.
> >
> > In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same
> > frequency hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used
> > orthogonal hopping patterns, spectrum utilization would
> > significantly increase and, furthermore, the impact of
> > malicious nodes with respect to jamming would be severely
> > mitigated.
> >
> > I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter
> > type are not considered in the ad hoc community. I would
> > appreciate it if you could point me to any papers discussing
> > such issues.
> >
> > Kind regards,
> > Yannis
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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From: "Philippe Jacquet" <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
To: "Richard Ogier" <ogier@erg.sri.com>
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References: <3FBC12F3.2010808@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au> <00ab01c3af68$6baa7a60$1f175d80@inria.fr> <3FBE3F54.9000602@erg.sri.com>
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
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Richard,

My mistake, you are right. I was considering the case where the node reaches
its way point in a constant time. With a constant speed, zero pause time,
the density is your result: C (1-x)*x in dimension one. To be forgiven I
tried to compute the formula for the density in two dimensions. Not really
fun. For x>y and (1-x)>y it should be proportional to j(x,y)+j(1-x,y) with a
normalizing factor, with
j(x,y)=(1-x)*y*(2+log(x/y)-log((1-x)/(1-y))).

For the other cases for (x,y) one makes use of symmetries and finally:
density(x,y)=C*(j(max(x,y),min(x,y))+j(max(1-x,y),min(1-x,y)))

I made the integration over all angle of the product of the two distances of
the point (x,y) to the border of the square within a given angle. I used
Maple. It needs to be cross checked.
.

The plot looks like a very eroded pyramid: null density on the border and
top on the square center. The result should be the same when the speed is
randomly selected on finite distribution.

Best regards,
Philipe

----- Original Message -----
From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
To: Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
Cc: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
Sent: Friday, November 21, 2003 5:37 PM
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility


> Philippe Jacquet wrote:
>
> >Yes, Peter, the distribution changes if you introduce mobility and it
> >depends on the mobility model. Take the random way point model where each
> >node has a distinct a random destination point selected uniformly in a
> >square, and each node moves to this destination at constant speed. In
this
> >case, the stationary density at point (x,y) (assuming a 1x1 square) is
> >*( x* log x+(1-x)*log(1-x))*(y*log y +(1-y)*log(1-y)) which differs from
> >uniform density (which is equal to 1 at any point in the 1x1 square).
> >
> >Philippe
> >
> Philippe,
>
> Your result implies that you can consider the x and y directions
> independently. I don't think this is the case, because the speed
> in the x direction depends on the (x,y) direction of movement.
> I did some calculations, and I think your result assumes that
> the time to go from one random point to the next random point
> is constant (thus, if the distance between the 2 points is
> greater, the speed must be greater).
>
> Just for fun I tried to derive the steady state distribution in one
> dimension for a unit interval [0,1] and got the following result
> (assuming constant speed and zero pause time):
>
>    C * x*(1-x)   (C is a normalization constant)
>
> The x*(1-x) term is simply the probability that the point x
> lies between two random numbers uniformly distributed in [0,1].
> I ran a simulation on the unit interval [0,1] which confirms this result.
> In particular, the probability that the node is near x = 0.25
> is 0.75 times the probability that the node is near x = 0.50.
>
> Unfortunately, this result cannot be extended to 2 dimensions by
> taking the product of this term for the x and y directions, because
> the x and y components of the node speed are not independent.
>
> Richard
>
> >
> >----- Original Message -----
> >From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
> >To: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
> >Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 2:03 AM
> >Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
> >
> >
> >>Hi all
> >>I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary scenario
> >>(nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are distributed
> >>randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed so). However,
> >>is this assumption still valid under the mobility ?
> >>Can anyone give me some advice ?
> >>
> >>Peter Pham
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>_______________________________________________
> >>manet mailing list
> >>manet@ietf.org
> >>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >>
> >
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >manet mailing list
> >manet@ietf.org
> >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
>
>


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Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
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John,

Amir Qayyum, developped a simulator model which use the billard model. It
was called movinet. This may be good to model people moving on an exhibition
field. The way point model is better for modeling players on a soccer
field;-)  An interesting model is when the map is a torus: nodes
disappearing on one end reappear on the other end. This would really put the
route control under stress ! To be more realistic nodes should change
identity when reappearing, therefore simulating an open network.

Philippe

----- Original Message -----
From: John Mullen <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
To: 'Richard Ogier' <ogier@earthlink.net>
Cc: 'MANET' <manet@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 4:44 PM
Subject: RE: [manet] Question regarding Mobility


> Hi Richard,
>
> Well, we can argue mobility models, but in the end, it is how well they
> reflect node behavior in a real situation that matters.  The "choose a
> location and move to it" model is attractive because that is how people
> move around.  The "bounce off the boundary" model is not so attractive
> because people don't usually move this way.  People will choose
> different models because they are thinking of different contexts.
>
> However, the mobility model may not be that important.  Because of
> shadowing and fading, received signals can easily vary by a factor of
> 100 to 1 from their expected values and will tend to do so as a function
> of the rate at which the environment is changing.  (Not just the one
> node's speed, by that of all other objects and nodes in the vicinity.)
> As a result, it may be the node's speed, together with data rate, packet
> length, transmission frequency, etc. that are the greater factors and
> the differences among many of the various mobility models may just be a
> moot point.
>
> John Mullen
>
>



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From: Rick McClain <rmcclain@atl.lmco.com>
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At the risk of continuing an off-topic discussion, I just had to
ask:

Why is it that there is not more attention given to the use of
Frequency Hopping (FH-CDMA) as a better Spread Spectrum alternative
for MANET (compared to DS-CDMA)? Isn't it true that it will not suffer
from the near-far problem as DS-CDMA? The near-far problem boils down
to the fact that the processing gain can't overcome the large dynamic
range in received powers due to 1/d^4 propagation law.  But in
FH-CDMA, the processing gain is acheived by lowering the probability
of frequency collisions, and seems to be independent of the relative
signal powers at the receiver.

Are there other considerations that I am missing?

-- 
Rick McClain
Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratories
3 Executive Campus  | email: rmcclain@atl.lmco.com
Cherry Hill, NJ 08002          | Phone: 856-792-9771


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From: "John Mullen" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
To: "'John Stine'" <jstine@mitre.org>
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Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
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Hi John,

If I'm reading you right, your scheme would require all receivers to
monitor all channels (codes).  I'm probably missing some details here.

John Mullen

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
John Stine
Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 1:03 PM
To: John Mullen
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] MAC layer


John,

    The complexity of code assignment depends on your assignment scheme.
If using a receiver directed coding scheme, assignment can be trivial.
Given n codes choose one none of your two hop neighbors are using and
broadcast it to your neighbors.  If there are not enough codes, randomly
select one on a periodic basis and broadcast it to your neighbors.  If
you have a code but another node moves in range of you using the same
code,  choose a new code using one of the techniques above.  Even when a
node has a neighbor that uses the same code, it will usually be rare
that contenders will be sending a packet to different destinations that
use the same code.  In an access scheme that I have been working on,
this conflict occurred <0.5% of the contentions in a congested degree 10
network using 10 codes.  Note that in this network codes were reused 4
times on average in a two-hop range.

John

John Mullen wrote:

> Hi,
>
> I think the answer is simpler than that.  For CDMA to work, someone 
> has to decide which channel each user should use.  This is managed by 
> the base station in a cellular system, but in a MANET, could be a big 
> headache.  An exception to this could be MANETs associated with 
> specific organizations, such as the military, police, EMT, etc., in 
> which channel assignments could be made and managed via some network 
> plan.  In general, however, it would just be too unwieldy to manage.
>
> John Mullen
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of 
> Manfredi, Albert E
> Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 7:48 AM
> To: Ioannis C. Avramopoulos; manet@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
>
> Hi Guys,
>
> I think Yannis is asking something different.
>
> CDMA, exactly as implemented in 2G and 3G cellular networks, is of 
> course not used in IEEE 802.11. For one thing, IEEE 802.11 is not a 
> circuit-based technique. But the fundamentals of the scheme, i.e. use 
> of direct sequence spread spectrum, are indeed used in IEEE 802.11b.
>
> I think what Yannis was asking is why aren't individual 802.11 LANs 
> differentiated by the spreading sequence used in creating chips out of

> bits, as done in CDMA cellular phones. Instead of differentiating 
> purely on the basis of the carrier frequency.
>
> You don't use perfectly orthogonal codes in CDMA, as that would 
> require synchronized transmissions, impossible to achieve when mobile 
> hosts move about. But that doesn't stop 2G and 3G from working. What 
> happens is, as more and more users share the same frequncy band, the 
> noise level for each user increases, until the noise overwhelms the 
> channel. So you have a soft ceiling on number of users that can share 
> a frequncy band, unlike TDMA where the limit is hard.
>
> I don't know why 802.11 doesn't use differnt spreading sequences as 
> well as different frequency bands to differentiate LANs. One reason 
> might be to simplify the design. Another might be that allowing 
> multiple spreading sequences in the same frequency band will increase 
> the noise level and reduce performance in umpredictable ways.
>
> Bert
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: #LI ZHIFEI# [mailto:zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg]
> > Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 12:13 AM
> > To: Ioannis C. Avramopoulos; manet@ietf.org
> > Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
> >
> >
> > Hi,
> >
> > I think your question is: why CDMA is not used in ad hoc networks? I

> > also try to figure out the reasons. I have the following reasons:
> > (1) since ad hoc network is fully distributed, how to make
> > the code orthogonal, and how to make the sender be aware of
> > the code it should use before transmitting?
> > (2) again, due to the distributed nature, how to do the power
> > control to cope with the inteference which is ensential for
> > cdma system?
> >
> > However, the above difficulties do not mean that we should not try 
> > to apply CDMA into ad hoc networks. In fact, there is a paper 
> > talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks in mobihoc 2003. The author is

> > also on this list, and maybe he can give us his understanding.
> >
> > Also, it seems that in the literature about packet radio networks ( 
> > ad hoc networks developed for military use during 1970s), they 
> > normally use CDMA for security reason (i.e., jamming as you have 
> > mentioned). However, now there are very few papers talking about 
> > CDMA in ad hoc networks. Reasearch is really a little bit strange 
> > :).
> >
> >
> > Best regards
> > Li zhifei
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of

> > Ioannis C. Avramopoulos
> > Sent: dissabte, 22 / novembre / 2003 12:33
> > To: manet@ietf.org
> > Subject: [manet] MAC layer
> >
> > Dear fellows,
> >
> > I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.
> >
> > In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same frequency 
> > hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used orthogonal hopping 
> > patterns, spectrum utilization would significantly increase and, 
> > furthermore, the impact of malicious nodes with respect to jamming 
> > would be severely mitigated.
> >
> > I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter type are 
> > not
>
> > considered in the ad hoc community. I would appreciate it if you 
> > could
>
> > point me to any papers discussing such issues.
> >
> > Kind regards,
> > Yannis
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
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>
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At 10:14 AM 11/25/2003, Rick McClain wrote:

>At the risk of continuing an off-topic discussion, I just had to
>ask:

There are MANET FH-SS radio products available now (e.g., Novaroam).
In case you didn't know about them.

>Why is it that there is not more attention given to the use of
>Frequency Hopping (FH-CDMA) as a better Spread Spectrum alternative
>for MANET (compared to DS-CDMA)? Isn't it true that it will not suffer
>from the near-far problem as DS-CDMA? The near-far problem boils down
>to the fact that the processing gain can't overcome the large dynamic
>range in received powers due to 1/d^4 propagation law.  But in
>FH-CDMA, the processing gain is acheived by lowering the probability
>of frequency collisions, and seems to be independent of the relative
>signal powers at the receiver.
>
>Are there other considerations that I am missing?

FH approaches can improve interference and multipath issues, but there are other 
tradeoffs.  There is no "one-size-fits-all". I think the MANET community
for a large part is and should be receptive to multiple lower layer technologies.


>-- 
>Rick McClain
>Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratories
>3 Executive Campus  | email: rmcclain@atl.lmco.com
>Cherry Hill, NJ 08002          | Phone: 856-792-9771
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
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>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
Date: Tue, 25 Nov 2003 11:12:45 -0500
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From: "Manfredi, Albert E" <albert.e.manfredi@boeing.com>
To: "Chi-Hsiang Yeh" <chi-hsiang.yeh@ece.queensu.ca>, <manet@ietf.org>
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> This is not true. IS-95 and cdma2000 both use Walsh codes for forward
> link, and W-CDMA uses OVSF for downlink. Both Walsh codes and OVSF are
> (perfectly) orthogonal codes.

This made me curious, because I clearly remembered that perfectly =
orthogonal spreading codes were actually not optimal. So I looked back. =
You're right, it wasn't in cdma2000, IS-95, or WCDMA.

I was remembering the Jin Lu doctoral thesis Source-Channel Coding and =
Modulation for Wireless Image Transmissions, Rice University ECE Dept, =
May 1999.

"A primary issue in CDMA system design is to reduce multiple access =
interference (MAI) by designing spreading sequences with low =
cross-correlation properties. The offset autocorrelations of these =
waveforms must also be low to ensure accurate acquisition and tracking =
and to achieve multipath diversity. It is generally believed that one =
cannot achieve best performance in both objectives in asynchronous =
systems."

He goes on in Chapter 5 to study different optimal techniques in =
different types of fading channels.

Bert


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Chi-Hsiang Yeh [mailto:chi-hsiang.yeh@ece.queensu.ca]
> Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 11:28 PM
> To: Manfredi, Albert E; 'Ioannis C. Avramopoulos'; manet@ietf.org;
> zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg
> Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
>=20
>=20
> > You don't use perfectly orthogonal codes in CDMA, as that would
> require synchronized transmissions, impossible to achieve when mobile
> hosts move about. But that doesn't stop 2G and 3G from working.=20
>=20
> This is not true. IS-95 and cdma2000 both use Walsh codes for forward
> link, and W-CDMA uses OVSF for downlink. Both Walsh codes and OVSF are
> (perfectly) orthogonal codes.
>=20
> For cellular networks, mobility is not the issue as far as=20
> orthogonality
> is concerned, but multipath is. For ad hoc networks, orthogonality is
> not possible due to different propagation delays between the desired
> reception and the signals from other nearby nodes (especially=20
> from very
> close nodes).
>=20
> Chihsiang

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Hello Frank,

No, PMD_CS and PMD_ED do not correspond to CST and RXT in my paper. CCA 
returns busy if the radio successfully received a signal preamble whose 
power is more than or equal to PMD_CS. If it did not receive a signal 
preamble, the threshold is raised by 20 dB (PMD_ED) due to difficulty 
(or instability) of detecting energy on the channel without 
synchronization. So, PMD_CS and PMD_ED together correspond to CST.

We are making our 802.11 model more detailed by replacing CST with these 
two thresholds.

Thanks,

Mineo

Frank Li wrote:
> Hi Zhifei,
> 
> 
>>However, for the standard itself, the condition PMD_CS < PMD_ED should be true, at least 
>>for IEEE 802.11a where the PMD_ED is 20 DB greater than PMD_CS.
> 
> 
> Are you sure that PMD_ED is 20 dB greater than PMD_CS? Is the difference between PMD_CS and  PMD_ED the same for all datarates? In the paper posted to the same discussion by Mineo Takai last week, the two thresholds are set as CST = - 78 dBm and RXT = - 64 dBm for WaveLan card. But maybe they don't correspond to PMD_CS and PMD_ED? Any further comments here, Mineo?
> 
>   
> 
>>I think the receiver-sensitivity is used to calculate the transmission range, while the CCA >sensitivity (or CS threshold) is used to calculate the sensing range.
> 
> 
> No, I think receiver-sensivity (or CS threshold in ns2) should be used to calculate the sensing range, another threshold (PMD_ED?) which  is greater than receiver-sensivity, should  be used to calculate the tansmission range. 
> 
> List below are the sensing ranges for outdoor environment I calculated based on Agere Wireless LAN World PC Card (Extended) specification. Here Pt=15 dBm , receiver-sensitivity and transmission ranges are directly from the specification, and I used two-ray model 
> with Gt=Gr=1, ht=hr=1.5, L=1 to obtain the sensing ranges. 
> 
> Datarate                11 Mbps          5.5 Mbps            2 Mbps         1 Mbps
> 
> Transmission range      160 m              270 m              400 m           550 m
> 
> Receiver sensitivity    -82 dBm           -87 dBm            -91 dBm         -94 dBm
> 
> sensing range           399 m               532 m             670 m           796 m
> 
> 
> Any comments are welcome. 
> 
> Frank 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
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From: "John Mullen" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
To: "'Joe Macker'" <macker@itd.nrl.navy.mil>, <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
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Hi Joe,

That's what we figure here, too.  At this point, we're looking for the
card with a S/N or power monitoring port more to validate our stochastic
propagation models, but expect we can use this capability later in other
ways.  If I find something I'll drop a note.

John Mullen

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Joe Macker
Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 5:05 PM
To: John Mullen; manet@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer


At 06:03 PM 11/24/2003, John Mullen wrote:
>Hi Joe,
>
>I figured you would agree.
>
>:-)
>
>Technology is wonderful, when it works.  I suppose one problem in this 
>working group is trying to come up with a MANET protocol that works, 
>not only in the variety of situations that exist today, but also in 
>those likely to exist in the near future.

True...


>BTW, we are looking for some "cheap off-the-shelf digital radio" that 
>we can use over a distance of a few hundred meters.  The only catch is 
>we are looking for devices that we can connect to a computer and that 
>will allow us to monitor the received power and/or S/N ratio.  Any 
>suggestions?

We are looking for something similar... ;-)

While some selected drivers, cards, and other wireless devices 
allow some level of this .. things could be improved. If you are going
to do something with the information metric provided at a routing layer
or neighbor discovery/management layer 
its also important to know how it was measured and potentially filtered
or not.

IMHO, some general improvements here would be welcome.

-joe



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From: "Justin" <jt981532@ncat.edu>
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Hello, I am researching in the area of wireless sensor networks.  I have
an ad hoc hardware Development Kit that I can use to gather data from
various sensors.  Inside of Glomosim, is there a way that I can inject
this real raw data that has been collected from a network into the
simulator?  Then analyze how system (e.g. Execution time using various
routing and Mac layer techniques).  Or is there no way to simulate this
using Glomosim?  Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

 

Have a good day,

 

Justin

 


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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Hello, I am researching in the area of wireless =
sensor
networks.&nbsp; I have an ad hoc hardware Development Kit that I can use =
to
gather data from various sensors. &nbsp;Inside of Glomosim, is there a =
way that
I can inject this real raw data that has been collected from a network =
into the
simulator? &nbsp;Then analyze how system (e.g. Execution time using =
various
routing and Mac layer techniques).&nbsp; Or is there no way to simulate =
this
using Glomosim?&nbsp; Any suggestions would be greatly =
appreciated.</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Have a good day,</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Justin</span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;</span></font></p>

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From: "Dearlove, Chris (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
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> Someone asked me about a proof that the random-walk billiards=20
> model results
> in uniformly distributed node positions.  (This is the model=20
> in which a node
> moves in a random direction for T seconds, bouncing off boundaries
> like a billiards ball, and choosing a new random direction=20
> after T seconds.)
> I think this is fairly intuitive, by considering what happens if the=20
> node instead
> goes straight through the boundary into an equivalent region=20
> adjacent to
> the original region.  But is this result well known?   Can=20
> anyone point
> to a reference for this?

We have been using this model and whilst I also haven't rigorously
proved it, I also was happy with the equivalency argument. The
equivalency argument of course requires only minimal symmetry of the
random walk process (axes parallel with the rectangular - square
not necessary - bounded region). A published result would be good
to dot the i's and cross the t's however.

Practically - with the distribution you note - the model seems to work.
Whilst we haven't done full statistical analysis, it has the consequences
that were the reason we adopted it in the first place - results as speed
tends to zero are consistent with the actual static case. For random
waypoint (with a positive lower bound on speed so we don't have
the tendency to zero speed problem) this is not true because of a tendency
to be in the centre of the region.

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Date: Tue, 25 Nov 2003 13:08:29 -0500
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John,

    No, a receiver would only have two channels to choose from, a broadcast
channel and its chosen receiver directed channel.  Without going into too
many details of my work, lets just say I am using a synchronous access
protocol and  contention is resolved by a tournament.  At the end of the
tournament, all nodes are aware of whether the tournament winner will be
sending a broadcast packet or a peer-to-peer packet.  These nodes simply go
to the appropriate channel.  If the upcoming packet is peer-to-peer, all
nodes will listen on their different receiver directed channels.  The
contention winner will transmit the packet on the destination's receiver
directed channel.  If a broadcast packet, all nodes listen on the broadcast
channel and the contention winner uses that channel.

    The tournament creates a distribution of contention winners in an ad hoc
network that are physically separated from each other but well packed.  Not
all can exchange packets simultaneously on a common channel.  The advantage
of channelization is that it  increases the number that can.

John

John Mullen wrote:

> Hi John,
>
> If I'm reading you right, your scheme would require all receivers to
> monitor all channels (codes).  I'm probably missing some details here.
>
> John Mullen
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> John Stine
> Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 1:03 PM
> To: John Mullen
> Cc: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [manet] MAC layer
>
> John,
>
>     The complexity of code assignment depends on your assignment scheme.
> If using a receiver directed coding scheme, assignment can be trivial.
> Given n codes choose one none of your two hop neighbors are using and
> broadcast it to your neighbors.  If there are not enough codes, randomly
> select one on a periodic basis and broadcast it to your neighbors.  If
> you have a code but another node moves in range of you using the same
> code,  choose a new code using one of the techniques above.  Even when a
> node has a neighbor that uses the same code, it will usually be rare
> that contenders will be sending a packet to different destinations that
> use the same code.  In an access scheme that I have been working on,
> this conflict occurred <0.5% of the contentions in a congested degree 10
> network using 10 codes.  Note that in this network codes were reused 4
> times on average in a two-hop range.
>
> John
>
> John Mullen wrote:
>
> > Hi,
> >
> > I think the answer is simpler than that.  For CDMA to work, someone
> > has to decide which channel each user should use.  This is managed by
> > the base station in a cellular system, but in a MANET, could be a big
> > headache.  An exception to this could be MANETs associated with
> > specific organizations, such as the military, police, EMT, etc., in
> > which channel assignments could be made and managed via some network
> > plan.  In general, however, it would just be too unwieldy to manage.
> >
> > John Mullen
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> > Manfredi, Albert E
> > Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 7:48 AM
> > To: Ioannis C. Avramopoulos; manet@ietf.org
> > Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
> >
> > Hi Guys,
> >
> > I think Yannis is asking something different.
> >
> > CDMA, exactly as implemented in 2G and 3G cellular networks, is of
> > course not used in IEEE 802.11. For one thing, IEEE 802.11 is not a
> > circuit-based technique. But the fundamentals of the scheme, i.e. use
> > of direct sequence spread spectrum, are indeed used in IEEE 802.11b.
> >
> > I think what Yannis was asking is why aren't individual 802.11 LANs
> > differentiated by the spreading sequence used in creating chips out of
>
> > bits, as done in CDMA cellular phones. Instead of differentiating
> > purely on the basis of the carrier frequency.
> >
> > You don't use perfectly orthogonal codes in CDMA, as that would
> > require synchronized transmissions, impossible to achieve when mobile
> > hosts move about. But that doesn't stop 2G and 3G from working. What
> > happens is, as more and more users share the same frequncy band, the
> > noise level for each user increases, until the noise overwhelms the
> > channel. So you have a soft ceiling on number of users that can share
> > a frequncy band, unlike TDMA where the limit is hard.
> >
> > I don't know why 802.11 doesn't use differnt spreading sequences as
> > well as different frequency bands to differentiate LANs. One reason
> > might be to simplify the design. Another might be that allowing
> > multiple spreading sequences in the same frequency band will increase
> > the noise level and reduce performance in umpredictable ways.
> >
> > Bert
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: #LI ZHIFEI# [mailto:zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg]
> > > Sent: Monday, November 24, 2003 12:13 AM
> > > To: Ioannis C. Avramopoulos; manet@ietf.org
> > > Subject: RE: [manet] MAC layer
> > >
> > >
> > > Hi,
> > >
> > > I think your question is: why CDMA is not used in ad hoc networks? I
>
> > > also try to figure out the reasons. I have the following reasons:
> > > (1) since ad hoc network is fully distributed, how to make
> > > the code orthogonal, and how to make the sender be aware of
> > > the code it should use before transmitting?
> > > (2) again, due to the distributed nature, how to do the power
> > > control to cope with the inteference which is ensential for
> > > cdma system?
> > >
> > > However, the above difficulties do not mean that we should not try
> > > to apply CDMA into ad hoc networks. In fact, there is a paper
> > > talking about CDMA in ad hoc networks in mobihoc 2003. The author is
>
> > > also on this list, and maybe he can give us his understanding.
> > >
> > > Also, it seems that in the literature about packet radio networks (
> > > ad hoc networks developed for military use during 1970s), they
> > > normally use CDMA for security reason (i.e., jamming as you have
> > > mentioned). However, now there are very few papers talking about
> > > CDMA in ad hoc networks. Reasearch is really a little bit strange
> > > :).
> > >
> > >
> > > Best regards
> > > Li zhifei
> > >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
>
> > > Ioannis C. Avramopoulos
> > > Sent: dissabte, 22 / novembre / 2003 12:33
> > > To: manet@ietf.org
> > > Subject: [manet] MAC layer
> > >
> > > Dear fellows,
> > >
> > > I have a question on the MAC layer used in ad hoc networks.
> > >
> > > In 802.11 nodes share the medium, i.e. they use the same frequency
> > > hopping pattern or chip sequence. Had nodes used orthogonal hopping
> > > patterns, spectrum utilization would significantly increase and,
> > > furthermore, the impact of malicious nodes with respect to jamming
> > > would be severely mitigated.
> > >
> > > I am interested in the reasons that schemes of the latter type are
> > > not
> >
> > > considered in the ad hoc community. I would appreciate it if you
> > > could
> >
> > > point me to any papers discussing such issues.
> > >
> > > Kind regards,
> > > Yannis
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > manet mailing list
> > > manet@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > manet mailing list
> > > manet@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet



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From: "Philippe Jacquet" <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
To: "Richard Ogier" <ogier@erg.sri.com>
Cc: "MANET" <manet@ietf.org>
References: <3FBC12F3.2010808@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au> <00ab01c3af68$6baa7a60$1f175d80@inria.fr> <3FBE3F54.9000602@erg.sri.com> <024a01c3b35e$45229d60$1f175d80@inria.fr> <3FC38B35.9070004@erg.sri.com>
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
Date: Tue, 25 Nov 2003 20:12:43 +0100
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There is likely a proof for the invariance of the Poisson distribution under
the billard model.

There is a general result that tells that on an infinite plane, an initial
Poisson distribution of nodes remains Poisson at any time given simple
conditions on node motions, i.e. move are indendent of nodes and position.

I think it is easily extendable to the billard model, one just have to clone
the square and cover the whole the plane by mirror effect, so that bouncing
is just equivalent to going straight through the border between two mirror
images. And then we distribute nodes indifferently in the original square
and in its mirror images as if it was a Poisson distribution on the whole
plane. After letting the node moving, we apply the general result.

Notice that the result remains valid even when the motions are complicated
(pause times, distance travelled, changes of direction, curves, etc), given
they are independent of nodes and locations. Random change of direction at
the border may not satisfy this rule.

Philippe
----- Original Message -----
From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
To: Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
Cc: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, November 25, 2003 6:02 PM
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility


> Philippe,
>
> Thanks for computing the formula for the probability density of node
> position
> for random waypoint. I also started to compute the formula for 2
> dimensions,
> but quit when I saw how complicated it is. In actual simulations, to
> start out
> with the steady state density, it might be easiest to just generate two
> random
> points in the square and then choose a random point uniformly
> distributed on the
> line connecting the two points.
>
> Someone asked me about a proof that the random-walk billiards model
results
> in uniformly distributed node positions.  (This is the model in which a
node
> moves in a random direction for T seconds, bouncing off boundaries
> like a billiards ball, and choosing a new random direction after T
seconds.)
> I think this is fairly intuitive, by considering what happens if the
> node instead
> goes straight through the boundary into an equivalent region adjacent to
> the original region.  But is this result well known?   Can anyone point
> to a reference for this?
>
> Richard
>
>
>
> Philippe Jacquet wrote:
>
> >Richard,
> >
> >My mistake, you are right. I was considering the case where the node
reaches
> >its way point in a constant time. With a constant speed, zero pause time,
> >the density is your result: C (1-x)*x in dimension one. To be forgiven I
> >tried to compute the formula for the density in two dimensions. Not
really
> >fun. For x>y and (1-x)>y it should be proportional to j(x,y)+j(1-x,y)
with a
> >normalizing factor, with
> >j(x,y)=(1-x)*y*(2+log(x/y)-log((1-x)/(1-y))).
> >
> >For the other cases for (x,y) one makes use of symmetries and finally:
> >density(x,y)=C*(j(max(x,y),min(x,y))+j(max(1-x,y),min(1-x,y)))
> >
> >I made the integration over all angle of the product of the two distances
of
> >the point (x,y) to the border of the square within a given angle. I used
> >Maple. It needs to be cross checked.
> >.
> >
> >The plot looks like a very eroded pyramid: null density on the border and
> >top on the square center. The result should be the same when the speed is
> >randomly selected on finite distribution.
> >
> >Best regards,
> >Philipe
> >
> >----- Original Message -----
> >From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
> >To: Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
> >Cc: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
> >Sent: Friday, November 21, 2003 5:37 PM
> >Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
> >
> >
> >>Philippe Jacquet wrote:
> >>
> >>>Yes, Peter, the distribution changes if you introduce mobility and it
> >>>depends on the mobility model. Take the random way point model where
each
> >>>node has a distinct a random destination point selected uniformly in a
> >>>square, and each node moves to this destination at constant speed. In
> >>>
> >this
> >
> >>>case, the stationary density at point (x,y) (assuming a 1x1 square) is
> >>>*( x* log x+(1-x)*log(1-x))*(y*log y +(1-y)*log(1-y)) which differs
from
> >>>uniform density (which is equal to 1 at any point in the 1x1 square).
> >>>
> >>>Philippe
> >>>
> >>Philippe,
> >>
> >>Your result implies that you can consider the x and y directions
> >>independently. I don't think this is the case, because the speed
> >>in the x direction depends on the (x,y) direction of movement.
> >>I did some calculations, and I think your result assumes that
> >>the time to go from one random point to the next random point
> >>is constant (thus, if the distance between the 2 points is
> >>greater, the speed must be greater).
> >>
> >>Just for fun I tried to derive the steady state distribution in one
> >>dimension for a unit interval [0,1] and got the following result
> >>(assuming constant speed and zero pause time):
> >>
> >>   C * x*(1-x)   (C is a normalization constant)
> >>
> >>The x*(1-x) term is simply the probability that the point x
> >>lies between two random numbers uniformly distributed in [0,1].
> >>I ran a simulation on the unit interval [0,1] which confirms this
result.
> >>In particular, the probability that the node is near x = 0.25
> >>is 0.75 times the probability that the node is near x = 0.50.
> >>
> >>Unfortunately, this result cannot be extended to 2 dimensions by
> >>taking the product of this term for the x and y directions, because
> >>the x and y components of the node speed are not independent.
> >>
> >>Richard
> >>
> >>>----- Original Message -----
> >>>From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
> >>>To: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
> >>>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 2:03 AM
> >>>Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>>Hi all
> >>>>I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary
scenario
> >>>>(nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are
distributed
> >>>>randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed so). However,
> >>>>is this assumption still valid under the mobility ?
> >>>>Can anyone give me some advice ?
> >>>>
> >>>>Peter Pham
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>
> >>>>_______________________________________________
> >>>>manet mailing list
> >>>>manet@ietf.org
> >>>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >>>>
> >>>
> >>>_______________________________________________
> >>>manet mailing list
> >>>manet@ietf.org
> >>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >>>
> >>
> >
> >
> >_______________________________________________
> >manet mailing list
> >manet@ietf.org
> >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
>
>


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On Tue, Nov 25, 2003 at 09:34:40AM -0700, John Mullen wrote:
> Hi Joe,
> 
> That's what we figure here, too.  At this point, we're looking for the
> card with a S/N or power monitoring port more to validate our stochastic
> propagation models, but expect we can use this capability later in other
> ways.  If I find something I'll drop a note.

John,

Virtually all 802.11 radios tell the RSSI for each Rx packet. Some tell
the noise level, also. Are you looking for something different?

Just for example, Lucent and Intersil Prism-based radios tell signal &
noise in ~dB.  I think that Cisco Aironet cards do, also.  Finally, the
Atheros-based radios are most versatile of all the 802.11a/b/g radios,
but AFAIK they only tell Rx signal strength---no noise figure.

I don't know about Linux, but in NetBSD & FreeBSD you can get at the
signal strength information using the Berkeley Packet Filter. Both those
BSDs provide the information through an extensible, hardware-independent
radio header. I have patches for tcpdump that make it interpret the
header. For example, monitoring an Atheros radio:

% sudo ./tcpdump -ne -y ieee802_11_radio -i ath0
listening on ath0, link-type IEEE802_11_RADIO (802.11 plus radio information header), capture size 96 bytes
14:00:58.351473 11.0 Mb/s 2442 MHz (0x00a0) 52dB signal antenna 1
  BSSID:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff SA:00:05:5d:da:b0:a9 Probe
  Request (cuw) [1.0* 2.0* 5.5* 11.0* Mbit]

Monitoring a Prism radio:

% sudo ./tcpdump -ne -y ieee802_11_radio -i wi0
listening on wi0, link-type IEEE802_11_RADIO (802.11 plus radio information header), capture size 96 bytes
14:02:20.331138 11.0 Mb/s 2422 MHz BSSID:00:05:5d:89:6a:33
  SA:00:05:5d:da:ac:a8 DA:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Data IV:3aaaa Pad 0 KeyID 0
14:02:20.334116 11.0 Mb/s 2422 MHz -79dB signal -100dB noise
  DA:00:05:5d:da:ac:a8 BSSID:00:05:5d:89:6a:33 SA:00:05:5d:89:6a:33 Data
  IV:3aaaa Pad 0 KeyID 0

Dave

-- 
David Young             OJC Technologies
dyoung@ojctech.com      Urbana, IL * (217) 278-3933

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From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
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Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
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John,

The proof that Philippe gave is essentially what I was thinking of when I
mentioned the equivalence of going straight through the boundary to
an equivalent region.  I understood him to mean that, since the number
of nodes is constant, the resulting Poisson distribution in the original
square (after moving each node from its position in a cloned square to
the corresponding position in the original square) becomes a uniform
distribution because of the well-known result that you mentioned.

Richard

John Mullen wrote:

>Hi Philippe,
>
>The (two-dimensional) Poisson assumes that, for a very small area within
>a region, the probability of a node being in an area is proportional to
>the area plus something that becomes insignificant as the area become
>extremely small.  If you use the Poisson on a bounded region, the number
>of nodes within that region will be a random variable.  If you apply a
>Poisson distribution to a region when the number of nodes within the
>region is known in advance, the result is a uniform distribution.
>
>If the number of nodes is fixed, then eventually, the node density will
>drop to zero on the infinite plane.  The Poisson keeps the local density
>constant, so any piece of the plain will appear to be distributed
>uniformly, but the expected number of nodes on the plane will be
>infinite, since the expected value of the Poisson is the expected node
>density times the node area.
>
>So, I'm not quite sure what you are saying.  Are you saying the number
>of nodes in the finite region is a random variable (Poisson) or that the
>number of nodes is fixed, but the positions are random (Uniform)?  
>
>
>
>John Mullen  
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>Philippe Jacquet
>Sent: Tuesday, November 25, 2003 12:13 PM
>To: Richard Ogier
>Cc: MANET
>Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>
>
>There is likely a proof for the invariance of the Poisson distribution
>under the billard model.
>
>There is a general result that tells that on an infinite plane, an
>initial Poisson distribution of nodes remains Poisson at any time given
>simple conditions on node motions, i.e. move are indendent of nodes and
>position.
>
>I think it is easily extendable to the billard model, one just have to
>clone the square and cover the whole the plane by mirror effect, so that
>bouncing is just equivalent to going straight through the border between
>two mirror images. And then we distribute nodes indifferently in the
>original square and in its mirror images as if it was a Poisson
>distribution on the whole plane. After letting the node moving, we apply
>the general result.
>
>Notice that the result remains valid even when the motions are
>complicated (pause times, distance travelled, changes of direction,
>curves, etc), given they are independent of nodes and locations. Random
>change of direction at the border may not satisfy this rule.
>
>Philippe
>----- Original Message -----
>From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
>To: Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
>Cc: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
>Sent: Tuesday, November 25, 2003 6:02 PM
>Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>
>
>>Philippe,
>>
>>Thanks for computing the formula for the probability density of node 
>>position for random waypoint. I also started to compute the formula 
>>for 2 dimensions,
>>but quit when I saw how complicated it is. In actual simulations, to
>>start out
>>with the steady state density, it might be easiest to just generate
>>
>two
>
>>random
>>points in the square and then choose a random point uniformly
>>distributed on the
>>line connecting the two points.
>>
>>Someone asked me about a proof that the random-walk billiards model
>>
>results
>
>>in uniformly distributed node positions.  (This is the model in which 
>>a
>>
>node
>
>>moves in a random direction for T seconds, bouncing off boundaries 
>>like a billiards ball, and choosing a new random direction after T
>>
>seconds.)
>
>>I think this is fairly intuitive, by considering what happens if the 
>>node instead goes straight through the boundary into an equivalent 
>>region adjacent to
>>the original region.  But is this result well known?   Can anyone
>>
>point
>
>>to a reference for this?
>>
>>Richard
>>
>>
>>
>>Philippe Jacquet wrote:
>>
>>>Richard,
>>>
>>>My mistake, you are right. I was considering the case where the node
>>>
>reaches
>
>>>its way point in a constant time. With a constant speed, zero pause 
>>>time, the density is your result: C (1-x)*x in dimension one. To be 
>>>forgiven I tried to compute the formula for the density in two 
>>>dimensions. Not
>>>
>really
>
>>>fun. For x>y and (1-x)>y it should be proportional to j(x,y)+j(1-x,y)
>>>
>with a
>
>>>normalizing factor, with 
>>>j(x,y)=(1-x)*y*(2+log(x/y)-log((1-x)/(1-y))).
>>>
>>>For the other cases for (x,y) one makes use of symmetries and 
>>>finally:
>>>density(x,y)=C*(j(max(x,y),min(x,y))+j(max(1-x,y),min(1-x,y)))
>>>
>>>I made the integration over all angle of the product of the two 
>>>distances
>>>
>of
>
>>>the point (x,y) to the border of the square within a given angle. I 
>>>used Maple. It needs to be cross checked. .
>>>
>>>The plot looks like a very eroded pyramid: null density on the border
>>>
>
>>>and top on the square center. The result should be the same when the 
>>>speed is randomly selected on finite distribution.
>>>
>>>Best regards,
>>>Philipe
>>>
>>>----- Original Message -----
>>>From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
>>>To: Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
>>>Cc: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
>>>Sent: Friday, November 21, 2003 5:37 PM
>>>Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>>>
>>>
>>>>Philippe Jacquet wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>Yes, Peter, the distribution changes if you introduce mobility and 
>>>>>it depends on the mobility model. Take the random way point model 
>>>>>where
>>>>>
>each
>
>>>>>node has a distinct a random destination point selected uniformly 
>>>>>in a square, and each node moves to this destination at constant 
>>>>>speed. In
>>>>>
>>>this
>>>
>>>>>case, the stationary density at point (x,y) (assuming a 1x1 square)
>>>>>
>
>>>>>is *( x* log x+(1-x)*log(1-x))*(y*log y +(1-y)*log(1-y)) which 
>>>>>differs
>>>>>
>from
>
>>>>>uniform density (which is equal to 1 at any point in the 1x1 
>>>>>square).
>>>>>
>>>>>Philippe
>>>>>
>>>>Philippe,
>>>>
>>>>Your result implies that you can consider the x and y directions 
>>>>independently. I don't think this is the case, because the speed in 
>>>>the x direction depends on the (x,y) direction of movement. I did 
>>>>some calculations, and I think your result assumes that the time to 
>>>>go from one random point to the next random point is constant (thus,
>>>>
>
>>>>if the distance between the 2 points is greater, the speed must be 
>>>>greater).
>>>>
>>>>Just for fun I tried to derive the steady state distribution in one 
>>>>dimension for a unit interval [0,1] and got the following result 
>>>>(assuming constant speed and zero pause time):
>>>>
>>>>  C * x*(1-x)   (C is a normalization constant)
>>>>
>>>>The x*(1-x) term is simply the probability that the point x lies 
>>>>between two random numbers uniformly distributed in [0,1]. I ran a 
>>>>simulation on the unit interval [0,1] which confirms this
>>>>
>result.
>
>>>>In particular, the probability that the node is near x = 0.25 is 
>>>>0.75 times the probability that the node is near x = 0.50.
>>>>
>>>>Unfortunately, this result cannot be extended to 2 dimensions by 
>>>>taking the product of this term for the x and y directions, because 
>>>>the x and y components of the node speed are not independent.
>>>>
>>>>Richard
>>>>
>>>>>----- Original Message -----
>>>>>From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
>>>>>To: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
>>>>>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 2:03 AM
>>>>>Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>Hi all
>>>>>>I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary
>>>>>>
>scenario
>
>>>>>>(nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are
>>>>>>
>distributed
>
>>>>>>randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed so). 
>>>>>>However, is this assumption still valid under the mobility ? Can 
>>>>>>anyone give me some advice ?
>>>>>>
>>>>>>Peter Pham
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>_______________________________________________
>>>>>>manet mailing list
>>>>>>manet@ietf.org https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>>>>>
>>>>>_______________________________________________
>>>>>manet mailing list
>>>>>manet@ietf.org
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>>>>>
>>>
>>>_______________________________________________
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>>>
>>
>
>
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Hi Manigandan,

I believe the computing power consumption that u r taking into account will occur on many levels. the network processing, MAC processing etc. shud we not consider these separately? for sleep or doze mode let us consider that it does not perticiapte in any network operations, but it still would be active on MAC layer? and in active mode, what will be the routing overhead for power? I have these wuestions myself...Has anybody done any specific work regarding this?

PM

 



Pallavi Mavinkurve

Pallavi.Mavinkurve@student.utdallas.edu

"If we are unwilling to be aware of the dark, we cannot see the light" 
John Cowan

 



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<P>Hi Manigandan,</P>
<P>I believe the computing power consumption that u r taking into account will occur on many levels. the network processing, MAC processing etc. shud we not consider these separately? for sleep or doze mode let us consider that it does not perticiapte in any network operations, but it still would be active on MAC layer? and in active mode, what will be the routing overhead for power? I have these wuestions myself...Has anybody done any specific work regarding this?</P>
<P>PM</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P><BR><BR><DIV>
<P><FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" color=#5b5b5b>Pallavi Mavinkurve</FONT></P>
<P><A href="mailto:Pallavi.Mavinkurve@student.utdallas.edu"><FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" color=#5b5b5b>Pallavi.Mavinkurve@student.utdallas.edu</FONT></A></P><FONT color=#212143 size=3>
<P><FONT face="times new roman" color=#007f7f><FONT color=#0000bf>"If we are unwilling to be aware of the dark, we cannot see the light" </FONT>
<P align=right><FONT color=#0000bf>John Cowan</FONT></P>
<P align=right><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></FONT></P></FONT></DIV><p><hr SIZE=1>
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Hi,

I have a question regarding the simulation of wireless sensor networks. I have a clustering algorithm that I want to simulate for sensor networks. Which would be the best simulator for this case?

PM



Pallavi Mavinkurve

Pallavi.Mavinkurve@student.utdallas.edu

"If we are unwilling to be aware of the dark, we cannot see the light" 
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<P>Hi,</P>
<P>I have a question regarding the simulation of wireless sensor networks. I have a clustering algorithm that I want to simulate for sensor networks. Which would be the best simulator for this case?</P>
<P>PM</P><BR><BR><DIV>
<P><FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" color=#5b5b5b>Pallavi Mavinkurve</FONT></P>
<P><A href="mailto:Pallavi.Mavinkurve@student.utdallas.edu"><FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" color=#5b5b5b>Pallavi.Mavinkurve@student.utdallas.edu</FONT></A></P><FONT color=#212143 size=3>
<P><FONT face="times new roman" color=#007f7f><FONT color=#0000bf>"If we are unwilling to be aware of the dark, we cannot see the light" </FONT>
<P align=right><FONT color=#0000bf>John Cowan</FONT></P>
<P align=right><STRONG>&nbsp;</STRONG></FONT></P></FONT></DIV><p><hr SIZE=1>
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Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
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Hello Byung-Jae and Dong,

I could not join the discussion in a timely manner even though the 
GloMoSim code was cited. Now that I had a chance to look into the 
standard, and can comment on a few issues.

<snip>

>>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>>void Mac802_11CheckForOutgoingPacket(GlomoNode *node, GlomoMac802_11
>>*M802)
>>{
>>   if
>>(!NetworkIpOutputQueueIsEmpty(node,M802->myGlomoMac->interfaceIndex))
>>   {
>>      Mac802_11SetBackoffIfZero(node, M802);
>>      AttemptToGoIntoWaitForDifsOrEifsState(node, M802);
>>   }
>>   else
>>   {
>>      assert(M802->BO == 0);
>>      Mac802_11SetState(node, M802, M802_11_S_IDLE);
>>      Mac802_11CancelTimer(node, M802);
>>   }
>>}
>>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>>
>>This function is called after a successful ACK has been received. As you
>>can see, if there is no packet in the queue, it will simply leave BO
>>(the Backoff Timer) as zero.
> 
> I see!  But, I believe we have to follow the published STANDARD 
> if there is a disagreement between the standard and an 
> implementation.

I acknowledge this as a GloMoSim bug, although I think its effect is 
minimal (at least for many MANET studies in which the network is loaded 
with a lot of traffic). With this bug, STA may transmit a packet (aCWmin 
* aSlotTime) sooner than defined in the standard in the worst case (half 
the time on average). But this happens only when (a) an application 
somehow requests MAC to send a packet right after MAC sees that the 
queue is empty, and (b) other STAs do not transmit any packet after DIFS 
because none of their backoff timers expires on that time slot. If these 
two conditions are met, fairness among multiple STAs can be incorrectly 
simulated. Again, it is very difficult to create such conditions though.

I (or our students) will fix it and try updating the distribution. 
Thanks for pointing this out.

<snip>

>>>My understanding is, if a packet arrives, a node checks if the channel
>>>has been idle for DIFS, instead of checking if the channel is idle for
>>>DIFS after the arrival of the packet.
>>
>>But does that mean if the channel has been idle for DIFS, it will
>>transmit the packet immediately?
> 
> Actually, that is where the standard is very confusing.

Yes, it is very confusing, so I took a look at the formal description of 
MAC operation (Annex C) towards the end of the standard. According to 
that description, STA waits for DIFS after the arrival of the packet, 
instead of examining if the channel has been idle for DIFS. Here are 
several places to look at:

"Process Tx_Coordination_sta: sta_tx_idle_2d(10)," on page 345 includes 
an input symbol "Pdu_Request(fsdu)." This is the request of packet 
transmission given by the higher layer. If we trace down the flow, STA 
performs "Backoff(0, 0)" before going to "send_rts" or "send_mpdu" in 
the next page.

Backoff(cw, cnt) is defined in "Process Backoff_Procedure" on pages 356 
and 357. If Backoff(cw, cnt) gets called with arguments (0, 0), it exits 
the process with value -2 if the channel is idle for DIFS since 
Pdu_Request(fsdu).

Let's go back to the flow after Backoff(0, 0). "Process 
Tx_Coordination_sta: sta_tx_dcf_3d(10)" on page 346 checks the return 
value of the backoff procedure (bstat). If bstat == -2, it requests PHY 
to transmit an RTS or MPDU immediately, otherwise it calls Backoff(ccw, 
-1) in which case a new random backoff value is chosen.

(I only have the latest standard "1999 Edition (R2003)" so the page 
number may be slightly off.)

I think no one can follow what I am talking about without the standard 
handy :-) but I am certain that STA waits for DIFS after receiving the 
packet from the higher layer.

So, the description below needs to be changed slightly:

> What I understand is as follows:
> 
> Node A Tx a packet;
> Node A receives an ACK;
> Node A starts a backoff procedure:
>   choose random backoff and count down;
> If the queue was not empty at the time of reception of ACK
>   then
>     Enter normal backoff procedure;
>   else // Queue was empty
>     If a packet arrives before the backoff counter expires
>       Then
>         Wait until the timer expire;
>         Tx the packet after DIFS idle time;
>       else // A packet arrives after the timer expires
!!!       Wait for DIFS; if channel is idle during the DIFS period
!!!         then
!!!           Tx the packet
>           else
>             Enter normal backoff procedure;
>         endif
>     endif
> endif

Hope this helps,

Mineo


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Thread-Topic: About your knowledge about the intrusive scripts to MANET
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From: "#LI ZHUOWEI#" <zhwei.li@pmail.ntu.edu.sg>
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Hi, Everybody,

Do you know whether there exist some intrusive scripts (typical designed and utilized in one paper) for MANET? For my work, I want to design the intrusive scenarios, in routing or traffic anomalies, for future use in the security design or for the variety of the traffic for future MANET simulation (I mean, evaluate the performance of one technique in a very malicious environment). Since I worry about the doubling research work, please notify me if you have such intrusive scripts for MANET. Thank you.

 
Regards!

Sincerely yours,
Li Zhuowei
****************************************************************************
****** Title:   Ph.D. candidate    
****** Email: zhwei.li@pmail.ntu.edu.sg                                   
****** Home: http://www.cais.ntu.edu.sg/~zhuowei
******        or http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home5/pg01316106
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From: Dong Zheng <Dong.Zheng@asu.edu>
Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
In-reply-to: <3FC44DF5.106@cs.ucla.edu>
To: Mineo Takai <mineo@cs.ucla.edu>
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Hi, Mineo,

Thanks for your comments.

> I acknowledge this as a GloMoSim bug, although I think its effect is 
> minimal (at least for many MANET studies in which the network is loaded 
> with a lot of traffic). With this bug, STA may transmit a packet (aCWmin 
> * aSlotTime) sooner than defined in the standard in the worst case (half 
> the time on average). But this happens only when (a) an application 
> somehow requests MAC to send a packet right after MAC sees that the 
> queue is empty, and (b) other STAs do not transmit any packet after DIFS 
> because none of their backoff timers expires on that time slot. If these 
> two conditions are met, fairness among multiple STAs can be incorrectly 
> simulated. Again, it is very difficult to create such conditions though.
> 
Suppose that you have a CBR traffic with inter-arrival time slightly
bigger than the transmission time of the packet and other CBR flows have
larger interval time, or suppose there is a high traffic load, then this
situation should happen more frequently. 


> I (or our students) will fix it and try updating the distribution. 
GloMoSim or Qualnet? ;-)

Anyway, I have another question which I posted on the mailing list of
GloMoSim.  I guess the Rayleigh fading implementation has a bug (if you
plot the values that it generates for the fading_dB, it is actually
Rayleigh distributed, not exponentially distributed), the correct code
should be:
*fading_dB = 10.0 * log10(-2.0 * RAYLEIGH_VARIANCE *
log(pc_erand(seed)));

Also RAYLEIGH_VARIANCE should be given a value of 0.5, thus not
introducing any energy into the channel.

Thanks,
-Dong
 



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From: Mineo Takai <mineo@cs.ucla.edu>
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Dong:

My comments are in line.

Dong Zheng wrote:
> 
>>I acknowledge this as a GloMoSim bug, although I think its effect is 
>>minimal (at least for many MANET studies in which the network is loaded 
>>with a lot of traffic). With this bug, STA may transmit a packet (aCWmin 
>>* aSlotTime) sooner than defined in the standard in the worst case (half 
>>the time on average). But this happens only when (a) an application 
>>somehow requests MAC to send a packet right after MAC sees that the 
>>queue is empty, and (b) other STAs do not transmit any packet after DIFS 
>>because none of their backoff timers expires on that time slot. If these 
>>two conditions are met, fairness among multiple STAs can be incorrectly 
>>simulated. Again, it is very difficult to create such conditions though.
>>
> 
> Suppose that you have a CBR traffic with inter-arrival time slightly
> bigger than the transmission time of the packet and other CBR flows have
> larger interval time, or suppose there is a high traffic load, then this
> situation should happen more frequently. 

Well, sure. If you create a scenario intentionally to expose this bug, 
it is not difficult. But again, I think typical manet scenarios with xx 
pps CBR flows would hardly create this situation. Also, I don't know any 
real application that would generate such traffic patterns. Even if 
there is one, the delay (jitters) caused by host-NIC communications is 
more than a few hundred microseconds, so it is hard to hit this spot 
every time.

> Anyway, I have another question which I posted on the mailing list of
> GloMoSim.  I guess the Rayleigh fading implementation has a bug (if you
> plot the values that it generates for the fading_dB, it is actually
> Rayleigh distributed, not exponentially distributed), the correct code
> should be:
> *fading_dB = 10.0 * log10(-2.0 * RAYLEIGH_VARIANCE *
> log(pc_erand(seed)));
> 
> Also RAYLEIGH_VARIANCE should be given a value of 0.5, thus not
> introducing any energy into the channel.

I will look into the model and get back to you in the glomosim mailing 
list. Please don't post a GloMoSim bug report here to make me respond to 
defend ;-) It's outside the scope of this mailing list.

Mineo


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From: "Philippe Jacquet" <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
To: "John Mullen" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
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Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
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Hi, John,

The Poisson distribution is more than this. It tells that that the number of
nodes in area A is independent of the number of nodes in area B, provided
that A and B have intersection null (more precisely of measure 0). It is not
the case when the number N of nodes in the square is fixed (if you have N
nodes in A then there is zero node in B). Therefore there is the question:
does the property hold for uniform distribution? The answer is yes and this
should be a simple corollary of the result over Poisson, because:

1. The position of a random node is uniform in the square (Poisson result)
2. The positions of nodes are independent (basic hypothesis)

Philippe

----- Original Message -----
From: John Mullen <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
To: 'Philippe Jacquet' <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
Cc: 'MANET' <manet@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, November 25, 2003 8:56 PM
Subject: RE: [manet] Question regarding Mobility


> Hi Philippe,
>
> The (two-dimensional) Poisson assumes that, for a very small area within
> a region, the probability of a node being in an area is proportional to
> the area plus something that becomes insignificant as the area become
> extremely small.  If you use the Poisson on a bounded region, the number
> of nodes within that region will be a random variable.  If you apply a
> Poisson distribution to a region when the number of nodes within the
> region is known in advance, the result is a uniform distribution.
>
> If the number of nodes is fixed, then eventually, the node density will
> drop to zero on the infinite plane.  The Poisson keeps the local density
> constant, so any piece of the plain will appear to be distributed
> uniformly, but the expected number of nodes on the plane will be
> infinite, since the expected value of the Poisson is the expected node
> density times the node area.
>
> So, I'm not quite sure what you are saying.  Are you saying the number
> of nodes in the finite region is a random variable (Poisson) or that the
> number of nodes is fixed, but the positions are random (Uniform)?
>
> John Mullen
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Philippe Jacquet
> Sent: Tuesday, November 25, 2003 12:13 PM
> To: Richard Ogier
> Cc: MANET
> Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>
>
> There is likely a proof for the invariance of the Poisson distribution
> under the billard model.
>
> There is a general result that tells that on an infinite plane, an
> initial Poisson distribution of nodes remains Poisson at any time given
> simple conditions on node motions, i.e. move are indendent of nodes and
> position.
>
> I think it is easily extendable to the billard model, one just have to
> clone the square and cover the whole the plane by mirror effect, so that
> bouncing is just equivalent to going straight through the border between
> two mirror images. And then we distribute nodes indifferently in the
> original square and in its mirror images as if it was a Poisson
> distribution on the whole plane. After letting the node moving, we apply
> the general result.
>
> Notice that the result remains valid even when the motions are
> complicated (pause times, distance travelled, changes of direction,
> curves, etc), given they are independent of nodes and locations. Random
> change of direction at the border may not satisfy this rule.
>
> Philippe
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
> To: Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
> Cc: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
> Sent: Tuesday, November 25, 2003 6:02 PM
> Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>
>
> > Philippe,
> >
> > Thanks for computing the formula for the probability density of node
> > position for random waypoint. I also started to compute the formula
> > for 2 dimensions,
> > but quit when I saw how complicated it is. In actual simulations, to
> > start out
> > with the steady state density, it might be easiest to just generate
> two
> > random
> > points in the square and then choose a random point uniformly
> > distributed on the
> > line connecting the two points.
> >
> > Someone asked me about a proof that the random-walk billiards model
> results
> > in uniformly distributed node positions.  (This is the model in which
> > a
> node
> > moves in a random direction for T seconds, bouncing off boundaries
> > like a billiards ball, and choosing a new random direction after T
> seconds.)
> > I think this is fairly intuitive, by considering what happens if the
> > node instead goes straight through the boundary into an equivalent
> > region adjacent to
> > the original region.  But is this result well known?   Can anyone
> point
> > to a reference for this?
> >
> > Richard
> >
> >
> >
> > Philippe Jacquet wrote:
> >
> > >Richard,
> > >
> > >My mistake, you are right. I was considering the case where the node
> reaches
> > >its way point in a constant time. With a constant speed, zero pause
> > >time, the density is your result: C (1-x)*x in dimension one. To be
> > >forgiven I tried to compute the formula for the density in two
> > >dimensions. Not
> really
> > >fun. For x>y and (1-x)>y it should be proportional to j(x,y)+j(1-x,y)
> with a
> > >normalizing factor, with
> > >j(x,y)=(1-x)*y*(2+log(x/y)-log((1-x)/(1-y))).
> > >
> > >For the other cases for (x,y) one makes use of symmetries and
> > >finally:
> > >density(x,y)=C*(j(max(x,y),min(x,y))+j(max(1-x,y),min(1-x,y)))
> > >
> > >I made the integration over all angle of the product of the two
> > >distances
> of
> > >the point (x,y) to the border of the square within a given angle. I
> > >used Maple. It needs to be cross checked. .
> > >
> > >The plot looks like a very eroded pyramid: null density on the border
>
> > >and top on the square center. The result should be the same when the
> > >speed is randomly selected on finite distribution.
> > >
> > >Best regards,
> > >Philipe
> > >
> > >----- Original Message -----
> > >From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
> > >To: Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
> > >Cc: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
> > >Sent: Friday, November 21, 2003 5:37 PM
> > >Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
> > >
> > >
> > >>Philippe Jacquet wrote:
> > >>
> > >>>Yes, Peter, the distribution changes if you introduce mobility and
> > >>>it depends on the mobility model. Take the random way point model
> > >>>where
> each
> > >>>node has a distinct a random destination point selected uniformly
> > >>>in a square, and each node moves to this destination at constant
> > >>>speed. In
> > >>>
> > >this
> > >
> > >>>case, the stationary density at point (x,y) (assuming a 1x1 square)
>
> > >>>is *( x* log x+(1-x)*log(1-x))*(y*log y +(1-y)*log(1-y)) which
> > >>>differs
> from
> > >>>uniform density (which is equal to 1 at any point in the 1x1
> > >>>square).
> > >>>
> > >>>Philippe
> > >>>
> > >>Philippe,
> > >>
> > >>Your result implies that you can consider the x and y directions
> > >>independently. I don't think this is the case, because the speed in
> > >>the x direction depends on the (x,y) direction of movement. I did
> > >>some calculations, and I think your result assumes that the time to
> > >>go from one random point to the next random point is constant (thus,
>
> > >>if the distance between the 2 points is greater, the speed must be
> > >>greater).
> > >>
> > >>Just for fun I tried to derive the steady state distribution in one
> > >>dimension for a unit interval [0,1] and got the following result
> > >>(assuming constant speed and zero pause time):
> > >>
> > >>   C * x*(1-x)   (C is a normalization constant)
> > >>
> > >>The x*(1-x) term is simply the probability that the point x lies
> > >>between two random numbers uniformly distributed in [0,1]. I ran a
> > >>simulation on the unit interval [0,1] which confirms this
> result.
> > >>In particular, the probability that the node is near x = 0.25 is
> > >>0.75 times the probability that the node is near x = 0.50.
> > >>
> > >>Unfortunately, this result cannot be extended to 2 dimensions by
> > >>taking the product of this term for the x and y directions, because
> > >>the x and y components of the node speed are not independent.
> > >>
> > >>Richard
> > >>
> > >>>----- Original Message -----
> > >>>From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
> > >>>To: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
> > >>>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 2:03 AM
> > >>>Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
> > >>>
> > >>>
> > >>>>Hi all
> > >>>>I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary
> scenario
> > >>>>(nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are
> distributed
> > >>>>randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed so).
> > >>>>However, is this assumption still valid under the mobility ? Can
> > >>>>anyone give me some advice ?
> > >>>>
> > >>>>Peter Pham
> > >>>>
> > >>>>
> > >>>>
> > >>>>_______________________________________________
> > >>>>manet mailing list
> > >>>>manet@ietf.org https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > >>>>
> > >>>
> > >>>_______________________________________________
> > >>>manet mailing list
> > >>>manet@ietf.org
> > >>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > >>>
> > >>
> > >
> > >
> > >_______________________________________________
> > >manet mailing list
> > >manet@ietf.org
> > >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > >
> >
> >
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>


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From: "Ehsan Hamadani" <E.Hamadani@city.ac.uk>
To: <manet@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 12:14:52 -0000
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Hi all
I want to know what ad-hoc nodes use in their network layer for sending
and receiving message. Do they use IP address or Mobile IP address to
communicate with each other?? I personally go for IP address but still I
am not sure!!
 
Regards
Ehsan 

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<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Hi all<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>I want to know what ad-hoc nodes use in their network =
layer
for sending and receiving message. Do they use IP address or Mobile IP =
address to
communicate with each other?? I personally go for IP address but still I =
am not
sure!!<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><font size=3D2 face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Ehsan <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>

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To: Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
Cc: "'MANET'" <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
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Hi Philippe,

Yes.  I was just lost over the point of reference.  I wasn't sure if you were 
talking about the entire MANET region, for which the number of nodes is fixed, 
or a sub-region, for which the number of nodes is a random variable.

Strictly speaking, the numbers are not independent, if the number in the 
region of concern is fixed.  If you have a MANET consisting of 100 nodes and 
you know that 40 are in sub-region A, then no more than 60 can be in a non-
overlapping sub-region B.  We usually dont worry about this because the sub-
regions are small, compared to the whole.  But, to be precise, if your MANET 
will exist in a region of fixed size and you say that nodes have a Poisson 
distribution, then the number of nodes in the MANET will be a random variable.

In the mobility models we are speaking of (billards and Random Waypoint) the 
MANET is assumed to exist within a fixed region and the number of member nodes 
is assumed to be constant.  Thus, the distribution of the nodes within the 
whole region cannot be Poisson, while that within a small subregion of that 
MANET could be approximated by a Poisson.  On the other hand, if we want the 
nodes within a fixed MANET region to have a Poisson distribution, we need to 
use a mobility model in which nodes are free to either leave or join the MANET 
region, and thereby, the MANET itself.

John Mullen

Quoting Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>:

> Hi, John,
> 
> The Poisson distribution is more than this. It tells that that the number
> of
> nodes in area A is independent of the number of nodes in area B, provided
> that A and B have intersection null (more precisely of measure 0). It is
> not
> the case when the number N of nodes in the square is fixed (if you have N
> nodes in A then there is zero node in B). Therefore there is the question:
> does the property hold for uniform distribution? The answer is yes and this
> should be a simple corollary of the result over Poisson, because:
> 
> 1. The position of a random node is uniform in the square (Poisson result)
> 2. The positions of nodes are independent (basic hypothesis)
> 
> Philippe

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References: <000001c3b38e$33907920$67f57b80@IEngr.ad.nmsu.edu> <008801c3b40b$c086b740$1f175d80@inria.fr>
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Actually, we only need to consider a single node, and show that it is
uniformly distributed in the square.  Thus, even though Philippe's
explanation is accurate, I don't think it is necessary to talk about
a Poisson distribution.   Allowing the single node to travel straight
through boundaries, we only need to show that it is uniformly
distributed in whatever "clone" of the square it happens to be in
at any time.   I think this follows simply because the node is
initially placed uniformly, and its movements are independent of
its location.

Richard

----- Original Message -----
From: "Philippe Jacquet" <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
To: "John Mullen" <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
Cc: "'MANET'" <manet@ietf.org>
Sent: Wednesday, November 26, 2003 2:55 AM
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility


> Hi, John,
>
> The Poisson distribution is more than this. It tells that that the number
of
> nodes in area A is independent of the number of nodes in area B, provided
> that A and B have intersection null (more precisely of measure 0). It is
not
> the case when the number N of nodes in the square is fixed (if you have N
> nodes in A then there is zero node in B). Therefore there is the question:
> does the property hold for uniform distribution? The answer is yes and
this
> should be a simple corollary of the result over Poisson, because:
>
> 1. The position of a random node is uniform in the square (Poisson result)
> 2. The positions of nodes are independent (basic hypothesis)
>
> Philippe
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: John Mullen <jomullen@nmsu.edu>
> To: 'Philippe Jacquet' <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
> Cc: 'MANET' <manet@ietf.org>
> Sent: Tuesday, November 25, 2003 8:56 PM
> Subject: RE: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
>
>
> > Hi Philippe,
> >
> > The (two-dimensional) Poisson assumes that, for a very small area within
> > a region, the probability of a node being in an area is proportional to
> > the area plus something that becomes insignificant as the area become
> > extremely small.  If you use the Poisson on a bounded region, the number
> > of nodes within that region will be a random variable.  If you apply a
> > Poisson distribution to a region when the number of nodes within the
> > region is known in advance, the result is a uniform distribution.
> >
> > If the number of nodes is fixed, then eventually, the node density will
> > drop to zero on the infinite plane.  The Poisson keeps the local density
> > constant, so any piece of the plain will appear to be distributed
> > uniformly, but the expected number of nodes on the plane will be
> > infinite, since the expected value of the Poisson is the expected node
> > density times the node area.
> >
> > So, I'm not quite sure what you are saying.  Are you saying the number
> > of nodes in the finite region is a random variable (Poisson) or that the
> > number of nodes is fixed, but the positions are random (Uniform)?
> >
> > John Mullen
> >
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> > Philippe Jacquet
> > Sent: Tuesday, November 25, 2003 12:13 PM
> > To: Richard Ogier
> > Cc: MANET
> > Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
> >
> >
> > There is likely a proof for the invariance of the Poisson distribution
> > under the billard model.
> >
> > There is a general result that tells that on an infinite plane, an
> > initial Poisson distribution of nodes remains Poisson at any time given
> > simple conditions on node motions, i.e. move are indendent of nodes and
> > position.
> >
> > I think it is easily extendable to the billard model, one just have to
> > clone the square and cover the whole the plane by mirror effect, so that
> > bouncing is just equivalent to going straight through the border between
> > two mirror images. And then we distribute nodes indifferently in the
> > original square and in its mirror images as if it was a Poisson
> > distribution on the whole plane. After letting the node moving, we apply
> > the general result.
> >
> > Notice that the result remains valid even when the motions are
> > complicated (pause times, distance travelled, changes of direction,
> > curves, etc), given they are independent of nodes and locations. Random
> > change of direction at the border may not satisfy this rule.
> >
> > Philippe
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
> > To: Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
> > Cc: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
> > Sent: Tuesday, November 25, 2003 6:02 PM
> > Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
> >
> >
> > > Philippe,
> > >
> > > Thanks for computing the formula for the probability density of node
> > > position for random waypoint. I also started to compute the formula
> > > for 2 dimensions,
> > > but quit when I saw how complicated it is. In actual simulations, to
> > > start out
> > > with the steady state density, it might be easiest to just generate
> > two
> > > random
> > > points in the square and then choose a random point uniformly
> > > distributed on the
> > > line connecting the two points.
> > >
> > > Someone asked me about a proof that the random-walk billiards model
> > results
> > > in uniformly distributed node positions.  (This is the model in which
> > > a
> > node
> > > moves in a random direction for T seconds, bouncing off boundaries
> > > like a billiards ball, and choosing a new random direction after T
> > seconds.)
> > > I think this is fairly intuitive, by considering what happens if the
> > > node instead goes straight through the boundary into an equivalent
> > > region adjacent to
> > > the original region.  But is this result well known?   Can anyone
> > point
> > > to a reference for this?
> > >
> > > Richard
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > Philippe Jacquet wrote:
> > >
> > > >Richard,
> > > >
> > > >My mistake, you are right. I was considering the case where the node
> > reaches
> > > >its way point in a constant time. With a constant speed, zero pause
> > > >time, the density is your result: C (1-x)*x in dimension one. To be
> > > >forgiven I tried to compute the formula for the density in two
> > > >dimensions. Not
> > really
> > > >fun. For x>y and (1-x)>y it should be proportional to j(x,y)+j(1-x,y)
> > with a
> > > >normalizing factor, with
> > > >j(x,y)=(1-x)*y*(2+log(x/y)-log((1-x)/(1-y))).
> > > >
> > > >For the other cases for (x,y) one makes use of symmetries and
> > > >finally:
> > > >density(x,y)=C*(j(max(x,y),min(x,y))+j(max(1-x,y),min(1-x,y)))
> > > >
> > > >I made the integration over all angle of the product of the two
> > > >distances
> > of
> > > >the point (x,y) to the border of the square within a given angle. I
> > > >used Maple. It needs to be cross checked. .
> > > >
> > > >The plot looks like a very eroded pyramid: null density on the border
> >
> > > >and top on the square center. The result should be the same when the
> > > >speed is randomly selected on finite distribution.
> > > >
> > > >Best regards,
> > > >Philipe
> > > >
> > > >----- Original Message -----
> > > >From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
> > > >To: Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
> > > >Cc: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
> > > >Sent: Friday, November 21, 2003 5:37 PM
> > > >Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >>Philippe Jacquet wrote:
> > > >>
> > > >>>Yes, Peter, the distribution changes if you introduce mobility and
> > > >>>it depends on the mobility model. Take the random way point model
> > > >>>where
> > each
> > > >>>node has a distinct a random destination point selected uniformly
> > > >>>in a square, and each node moves to this destination at constant
> > > >>>speed. In
> > > >>>
> > > >this
> > > >
> > > >>>case, the stationary density at point (x,y) (assuming a 1x1 square)
> >
> > > >>>is *( x* log x+(1-x)*log(1-x))*(y*log y +(1-y)*log(1-y)) which
> > > >>>differs
> > from
> > > >>>uniform density (which is equal to 1 at any point in the 1x1
> > > >>>square).
> > > >>>
> > > >>>Philippe
> > > >>>
> > > >>Philippe,
> > > >>
> > > >>Your result implies that you can consider the x and y directions
> > > >>independently. I don't think this is the case, because the speed in
> > > >>the x direction depends on the (x,y) direction of movement. I did
> > > >>some calculations, and I think your result assumes that the time to
> > > >>go from one random point to the next random point is constant (thus,
> >
> > > >>if the distance between the 2 points is greater, the speed must be
> > > >>greater).
> > > >>
> > > >>Just for fun I tried to derive the steady state distribution in one
> > > >>dimension for a unit interval [0,1] and got the following result
> > > >>(assuming constant speed and zero pause time):
> > > >>
> > > >>   C * x*(1-x)   (C is a normalization constant)
> > > >>
> > > >>The x*(1-x) term is simply the probability that the point x lies
> > > >>between two random numbers uniformly distributed in [0,1]. I ran a
> > > >>simulation on the unit interval [0,1] which confirms this
> > result.
> > > >>In particular, the probability that the node is near x = 0.25 is
> > > >>0.75 times the probability that the node is near x = 0.50.
> > > >>
> > > >>Unfortunately, this result cannot be extended to 2 dimensions by
> > > >>taking the product of this term for the x and y directions, because
> > > >>the x and y components of the node speed are not independent.
> > > >>
> > > >>Richard
> > > >>
> > > >>>----- Original Message -----
> > > >>>From: Peter Pham <ppham@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au>
> > > >>>To: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
> > > >>>Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 2:03 AM
> > > >>>Subject: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
> > > >>>
> > > >>>
> > > >>>>Hi all
> > > >>>>I am interested in modelling ad hoc networks. In the stationary
> > scenario
> > > >>>>(nodes do not move), I can assume that the mobile nodes are
> > distributed
> > > >>>>randomly according to Poisson distribution (many assumed so).
> > > >>>>However, is this assumption still valid under the mobility ? Can
> > > >>>>anyone give me some advice ?
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>>Peter Pham
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>>_______________________________________________
> > > >>>>manet mailing list
> > > >>>>manet@ietf.org https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>
> > > >>>_______________________________________________
> > > >>>manet mailing list
> > > >>>manet@ietf.org
> > > >>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > > >>>
> > > >>
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >_______________________________________________
> > > >manet mailing list
> > > >manet@ietf.org
> > > >https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> >
>
>
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From: "Dearlove, Chris (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
Subject: RE: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
To: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>,
        Philippe Jacquet <philippe.jacquet@inria.fr>
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> Actually, we only need to consider a single node, and show that it is
> uniformly distributed in the square.  Thus, even though Philippe's
> explanation is accurate, I don't think it is necessary to talk about
> a Poisson distribution.   Allowing the single node to travel straight
> through boundaries, we only need to show that it is uniformly
> distributed in whatever "clone" of the square it happens to be in
> at any time.   I think this follows simply because the node is
> initially placed uniformly, and its movements are independent of
> its location.

It doesn't travel through walls, it bounces off them, so we need to
apply some reflections, and we need basic symmetry properties (left/right,
up/down).

Otherwise consider a node which always picks its next destination a
short distance away to the right, regardless of position. It will keep
hitting the right wall, bouncing, doing the same again and always be
close to the right wall, i.e. not uniform.

With this minor tweak, I otherwise agree with you. (I'm assuming you
are talking about the billiard ball model. The torus model of course
is exactly as you say - with however the issue of what a jump means.)

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Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
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Chris,

> > Actually, we only need to consider a single node, and show that it is
> > uniformly distributed in the square.  Thus, even though Philippe's
> > explanation is accurate, I don't think it is necessary to talk about
> > a Poisson distribution.   Allowing the single node to travel straight
> > through boundaries, we only need to show that it is uniformly
> > distributed in whatever "clone" of the square it happens to be in
> > at any time.   I think this follows simply because the node is
> > initially placed uniformly, and its movements are independent of
> > its location.
>
> It doesn't travel through walls, it bounces off them, so we need to
> apply some reflections, and we need basic symmetry properties (left/right,
> up/down).
>
> Otherwise consider a node which always picks its next destination a
> short distance away to the right, regardless of position. It will keep
> hitting the right wall, bouncing, doing the same again and always be
> close to the right wall, i.e. not uniform.

Good point.  But I am talking about the probability distribution at any
point in time.  Even if the node never moves, it's position is still
uniform because it was placed that way.  If you want a single node
to eventually travel near all points of the square, that is a different
problem, but I agree that this is a desirable property.
This property will be achieved if the node chooses a new random
direction every T seconds.

Regarding the application of reflections in the "clone" argument (if that's
what you meant), when I said that we need to show the node position
is uniformly distributed in whatever "clone" it happens to be in, the
orientation (reflection) of the clone should not matter, since if the
node is uniform for any reflection of the square, it is uniform for the
original square.  Also, it would be more accurate to say that the
fractional part (i..e, modulo 1) of the node position is uniform in the
unit square.

Richard

> With this minor tweak, I otherwise agree with you. (I'm assuming you
> are talking about the billiard ball model. The torus model of course
> is exactly as you say - with however the issue of what a jump means.)
>
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From: Roshini Bhalla <roshinibhalla@yahoo.com>
To: manet@ietf.org
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Subject: [manet] Request for position based routing protocol
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hi,
 
I am doing research in position based routing for ad hoc network.
I would like to know if there is any implementation of position routing algorithm avilable.Will it be possible for someone to send me the code or web site where it can be accessed.
 
Thanks for your help,
Roshini


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<DIV>hi,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I am doing research in position based routing&nbsp;for ad hoc network.</DIV>
<DIV>I would like to know if there is any implementation of position routing algorithm avilable.Will it be possible for someone to send me the code or web site where it can be accessed.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Thanks for your help,</DIV>
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Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
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Dong:

I decided to copy this message to manet@ietf.org just because I don't want 
people on this mailing list to unconsciously think the current GloMoSim fading 
models (and studies that used the models) are inaccurate.

I see no problem with the GloMoSim Rayleigh fading model. It does produce a 
Rayleigh distribution, and I don't know why we need to use an exponential 
distribution which is the cdf of Rayleigh. Is there a rational behind it?

As for RAYLEIGH_VARIANCE, the default value gives the mean value of 1.0 (or 0 
dB) such that the fading model does not have an effect on the average rx power.

Regards,

Mineo


Mineo Takai wrote:

>> Anyway, I have another question which I posted on the mailing list of
>> GloMoSim.  I guess the Rayleigh fading implementation has a bug (if you
>> plot the values that it generates for the fading_dB, it is actually
>> Rayleigh distributed, not exponentially distributed), the correct code
>> should be:
>> *fading_dB = 10.0 * log10(-2.0 * RAYLEIGH_VARIANCE *
>> log(pc_erand(seed)));
>>
>> Also RAYLEIGH_VARIANCE should be given a value of 0.5, thus not
>> introducing any energy into the channel.
> 
> 
> I will look into the model and get back to you in the glomosim mailing 
> list. Please don't post a GloMoSim bug report here to make me respond to 
> defend ;-) It's outside the scope of this mailing list.
> 
> Mineo
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Nov 26 23:58:28 2003
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Subject: [manet] A question regarding wireless access bandwidth in ns2
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Hi all,

I would like to know how to increase the channel capacity of 
a wireless link in NS2.

What parameters or code would I need to change to increase 
the bandwidth of wireless links to higher capacities, 
eg, '100 Mbps". as opposed to the current 11Mbps.

Is this possible?

I would appreciate some guidance if possible!

Thankyou kindly,
Irwan

(i24@uow.edu.au)


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Date: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 22:58:25 -0700
From: Dong Zheng <Dong.Zheng@asu.edu>
Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
In-reply-to: <3FC54A8D.5080107@cs.ucla.edu>
To: Mineo Takai <mineo@cs.ucla.edu>
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Hi, Mineo,

Please correct me if I am wrong. 

The Rayleigh distribution has the cdf as:
F = 1 - exp(-r^2/(2*sigma^2))

So we generate r using inverse transform method as:
r = sqrt(-2*sigma^2*log(u)),
where u is a uniform random number between 0 and 1.

To compute the channel gain, we need to compute:
fading_gain = 10*log10(r^2) = 10*log10(-2*sigma^2*log(u)).
However, the original code is 5*log10(-2*sigma^2*log(u)). 

For the Rayleigh variance, the expected value of r^2 is:
E(r^2) = 2*sigma^2, 
we want this value to be 1, thus sigma^2 has to be 1/2.

Thanks,
-Dong

On Wed, 2003-11-26 at 17:51, Mineo Takai wrote:
> Dong:
> 
> I decided to copy this message to manet@ietf.org just because I don't want 
> people on this mailing list to unconsciously think the current GloMoSim fading 
> models (and studies that used the models) are inaccurate.
> 
> I see no problem with the GloMoSim Rayleigh fading model. It does produce a 
> Rayleigh distribution, and I don't know why we need to use an exponential 
> distribution which is the cdf of Rayleigh. Is there a rational behind it?
> 
> As for RAYLEIGH_VARIANCE, the default value gives the mean value of 1.0 (or 0 
> dB) such that the fading model does not have an effect on the average rx power.
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Mineo
> 
> 
> Mineo Takai wrote:
> 
> >> Anyway, I have another question which I posted on the mailing list of
> >> GloMoSim.  I guess the Rayleigh fading implementation has a bug (if you
> >> plot the values that it generates for the fading_dB, it is actually
> >> Rayleigh distributed, not exponentially distributed), the correct code
> >> should be:
> >> *fading_dB = 10.0 * log10(-2.0 * RAYLEIGH_VARIANCE *
> >> log(pc_erand(seed)));
> >>
> >> Also RAYLEIGH_VARIANCE should be given a value of 0.5, thus not
> >> introducing any energy into the channel.
> > 
> > 
> > I will look into the model and get back to you in the glomosim mailing 
> > list. Please don't post a GloMoSim bug report here to make me respond to 
> > defend ;-) It's outside the scope of this mailing list.
> > 
> > Mineo
> > 
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > manet mailing list
> > manet@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
> 



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From: "Poornananda G R" <poorna@cisco.com>
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Organization: Cisco Systems
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Hi All,
 
   I want to study (and possibly change) the implementation of ad hoc
routing protocols (aodv, dsr, olsr etc).
I am looking for a simulation tool - (NS2, glomosim or any other)  that
has all these implemented.
 
So I need advice as to which is the best tool to use based ease of
coding, user interface, support for many implementations and so on.
 
Any help will be appreciated.
Thanks very much.
 
Regards,
-Poorna
 
 
 
----------------------
Poornananda G R,
Cisco Systems,
+91-80-229 9625 x 3823
 

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<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1276" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Courier New" size=3D2>Hi All,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Courier New" size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; I want to =
study<SPAN=20
class=3D951305007-27112003> </SPAN><SPAN =
class=3D951305007-27112003>(</SPAN><SPAN=20
class=3D951305007-27112003>and possibly change) </SPAN>the =
implementation of ad=20
hoc&nbsp;<SPAN class=3D951305007-27112003>routing </SPAN>protocols =
(aodv, dsr,=20
olsr etc).<BR>I am looking for a simulation tool - (NS2, glomosim or any =

other)&nbsp; that has all these implemented.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Courier New" size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Courier New" size=3D2>So I need advice as to which is =
the best=20
tool to use based ease of coding, user interface, support for many=20
implementations and so on.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Courier New" size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Courier New" size=3D2>Any help will be =
appreciated.<BR>Thanks=20
very much.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Courier New" size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Courier New" =
size=3D2>Regards,<BR>-Poorna</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Courier New" size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Courier New" size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV align=3Dleft>
<DIV align=3Dleft><FONT face=3D"Courier New"=20
size=3D2>----------------------</FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dleft><FONT face=3D"Courier New" size=3D2>Poornananda G =
R,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dleft><FONT face=3D"Courier New" size=3D2>Cisco =
Systems,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dleft><FONT face=3D"Courier New" size=3D2>+91-80-229 9625 x=20
3823</FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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References: <3FAED82E.7020007@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au> <006f01c3a723$307df180$e4f02e93@oahu> <3FAF16A8.50205@spri.levels.unisa.edu.au> <1068440681.29000.21.camel@wind1> <3FAFCBFF.586756CE@nist.gov> <1068500529.29000.45.camel@wind1> <3FB0208D.F08AC7B4@nist.gov> <3FC44DF5.106@cs.ucla.edu> <1069832302.28413.20.camel@wind1> <3FC464E5.1010102@cs.ucla.edu> <3FC54A8D.5080107@cs.ucla.edu> <1069912706.28413.309.camel@wind1>
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Dong:

Ok, I now see your point. Since the Rayleigh fading describes gain/loss 
of the signal amplitude, the fading gain (power) should be the square of 
the Rayleigh variable. The fading code in GloMoSim uses the Rayleigh 
variable directly, thus it becomes halved (10*log10(sqrt(f)) == 
5*log10(f)) and its variance needs to be sigma^2 == 2/PI.

Let me know if my understanding is correct.

Mineo

Dong Zheng wrote:
> Hi, Mineo,
> 
> Please correct me if I am wrong. 
> 
> The Rayleigh distribution has the cdf as:
> F = 1 - exp(-r^2/(2*sigma^2))
> 
> So we generate r using inverse transform method as:
> r = sqrt(-2*sigma^2*log(u)),
> where u is a uniform random number between 0 and 1.
> 
> To compute the channel gain, we need to compute:
> fading_gain = 10*log10(r^2) = 10*log10(-2*sigma^2*log(u)).
> However, the original code is 5*log10(-2*sigma^2*log(u)). 
> 
> For the Rayleigh variance, the expected value of r^2 is:
> E(r^2) = 2*sigma^2, 
> we want this value to be 1, thus sigma^2 has to be 1/2.
> 
> Thanks,
> -Dong
> 
> On Wed, 2003-11-26 at 17:51, Mineo Takai wrote:
> 
>>Dong:
>>
>>I decided to copy this message to manet@ietf.org just because I don't want 
>>people on this mailing list to unconsciously think the current GloMoSim fading 
>>models (and studies that used the models) are inaccurate.
>>
>>I see no problem with the GloMoSim Rayleigh fading model. It does produce a 
>>Rayleigh distribution, and I don't know why we need to use an exponential 
>>distribution which is the cdf of Rayleigh. Is there a rational behind it?
>>
>>As for RAYLEIGH_VARIANCE, the default value gives the mean value of 1.0 (or 0 
>>dB) such that the fading model does not have an effect on the average rx power.
>>
>>Regards,
>>
>>Mineo
>>
>>
>>Mineo Takai wrote:
>>
>>
>>>>Anyway, I have another question which I posted on the mailing list of
>>>>GloMoSim.  I guess the Rayleigh fading implementation has a bug (if you
>>>>plot the values that it generates for the fading_dB, it is actually
>>>>Rayleigh distributed, not exponentially distributed), the correct code
>>>>should be:
>>>>*fading_dB = 10.0 * log10(-2.0 * RAYLEIGH_VARIANCE *
>>>>log(pc_erand(seed)));
>>>>
>>>>Also RAYLEIGH_VARIANCE should be given a value of 0.5, thus not
>>>>introducing any energy into the channel.
>>>
>>>
>>>I will look into the model and get back to you in the glomosim mailing 
>>>list. Please don't post a GloMoSim bug report here to make me respond to 
>>>defend ;-) It's outside the scope of this mailing list.
>>>
>>>Mineo
>>>
>>>
>>>_______________________________________________
>>>manet mailing list
>>>manet@ietf.org
>>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>>
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet


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From: Dong Zheng <Dong.Zheng@asu.edu>
Subject: Re: [manet] Question on 802.11DCF
In-reply-to: <3FC5B27C.3040005@cs.ucla.edu>
To: Mineo Takai <mineo@cs.ucla.edu>
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On Thu, 2003-11-27 at 01:14, Mineo Takai wrote:
> Dong:
> 
> Ok, I now see your point. Since the Rayleigh fading describes gain/loss 
> of the signal amplitude, the fading gain (power) should be the square of 
> the Rayleigh variable. The fading code in GloMoSim uses the Rayleigh 
> variable directly, thus it becomes halved (10*log10(sqrt(f)) == 
> 5*log10(f)) and its variance needs to be sigma^2 == 2/PI.
> 
> Let me know if my understanding is correct.
> 
Yes, correct. ;-)

-Dong



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From: "Dearlove, Chris (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
Subject: RE: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
To: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
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> > > Actually, we only need to consider a single node, and=20
> show that it is
> > > uniformly distributed in the square.  Thus, even though Philippe's
> > > explanation is accurate, I don't think it is necessary to=20
> talk about
> > > a Poisson distribution.   Allowing the single node to=20
> travel straight
> > > through boundaries, we only need to show that it is uniformly
> > > distributed in whatever "clone" of the square it happens to be in
> > > at any time.   I think this follows simply because the node is
> > > initially placed uniformly, and its movements are independent of
> > > its location.
> >
> > It doesn't travel through walls, it bounces off them, so we need to
> > apply some reflections, and we need basic symmetry=20
> properties (left/right,
> > up/down).
> >
> > Otherwise consider a node which always picks its next destination a
> > short distance away to the right, regardless of position.=20
> It will keep
> > hitting the right wall, bouncing, doing the same again and always be
> > close to the right wall, i.e. not uniform.
>=20
> Good point.  But I am talking about the probability=20
> distribution at any
> point in time.

So am I. Suppose that all nodes have the above skewed distribution
of movement. Then, regardless of initial uniform distribution, all
will end up near the right wall, not uniformly distributed.

> Even if the node never moves, it's position is still
> uniform because it was placed that way.

Not moving is symmetric!

Of course the main point you make is important: you need a uniform
initial distribution. I think that and symmetry of movement (in
two axes) is then sufficient for a uniform distribution at all
future times. I haven't rigorously proved it however (a proof
would be based on equivalent positions, with reflection).

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Hi Mineo,

>
> No, PMD_CS and PMD_ED do not correspond to CST and RXT in my paper. 
> CCA returns busy if the radio successfully received a signal preamble 
> whose power is more than or equal to PMD_CS. 

This is quite clear now. But does PMD_CS correspond to 
receriver-sensitivity in the card specification?

> If it did not receive a signal preamble, the threshold 

The threshold for sensing or PLCP decoding?

> is raised by 20 dB (PMD_ED) due to difficulty (or instability) of 
> detecting energy on the channel without synchronization. So, PMD_CS 
> and PMD_ED together correspond to CST.

So you mean the PLCP header can be correctly decoded if the received 
signal is strong enough, even though the bit sequence is not synchronized? 

>
> We are making our 802.11 model more detailed by replacing CST with 
> these two thresholds.
>  

Are there any papers/reports on your model? What is the relationship 
between CST and these two thresholds? Do you express CST as x*PMD_CS + 
y*PMD_ED?

Frank



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We have studied how to secure OLSR, the paper can be found at 
 
http://voop.free.fr/Publications/2003/medhocnet03.ps.gz

Further works with more details on the same issue are in progress. 

That is not exactly the question we are asking, however this paper 
studies vulnerabilities of OLSR (also applicable to other proactive routing 
protocols and most probably also to reactive protocols ? ) and that is may be 
linked to your question. 

Regards


Paul Muhlethaler 
INRIA. Projet HiPERCOM
Tel 01.39.63.52.78 - Fax 01.39.63.55.66
http://menetou.inria.fr/~muhletha/PaulMuhlethaler.htm




On Wednesday 26 November 2003 07:25, #LI ZHUOWEI# wrote:
> Hi, Everybody,
>
> Do you know whether there exist some intrusive scripts (typical designed
> and utilized in one paper) for MANET? For my work, I want to design the
> intrusive scenarios, in routing or traffic anomalies, for future use in the
> security design or for the variety of the traffic for future MANET
> simulation (I mean, evaluate the performance of one technique in a very
> malicious environment). Since I worry about the doubling research work,
> please notify me if you have such intrusive scripts for MANET. Thank you.
>
>
> Regards!
>
> Sincerely yours,
> Li Zhuowei
> ***************************************************************************
>* ****** Title:   Ph.D. candidate
> ****** Email: zhwei.li@pmail.ntu.edu.sg
> ****** Home: http://www.cais.ntu.edu.sg/~zhuowei
> ******        or http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home5/pg01316106
> ***************************************************************************
>* 
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet

-- 
Paul Muhlethaler 
INRIA. Projet HiPERCOM
Tel 01.39.63.52.78 - Fax 01.39.63.55.66
http://menetou.inria.fr/~muhletha/PaulMuhlethaler.htm

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Subject: RE: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g
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From: "#LI ZHIFEI#" <zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg>
To: "Frank Li" <frank.li@unik.no>, <manet@ietf.org>
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Hi, frank

Receive Sensitivity is how much energy a signal should be to allow a =
card receive it correctly with large probability. For more details, pls =
check at:
http://www.freenetworks.org/moin/index.cgi/ReceiveSensitivity

Therefore, I still think that Receive Sensitivity is roughly related to =
transmission range, while PMD_CS / PMD_ED is related to sensing range.

In fact, whether the PMD_ED or PMD_CS should be used as the threshold =
depends on the CCA mode (please see Page-58 in IEEE 802.11b-1999) being =
used.
The PMD_ED should be greater than PMD_CS because a non-DSSS signal =
(e.g., signal from micro-wave oven) has smaller interference to the IEEE =
802.11.

If any confuse, pls point out.

Best regards
Li zhifei

-----Original Message-----
From: manet-admin@ietf.org [mailto:manet-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of =
Frank Li
Sent: dijous, 27 / novembre / 2003 21:23
To: Mineo Takai
Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g


Hi Mineo,

>
> No, PMD_CS and PMD_ED do not correspond to CST and RXT in my paper.=20
> CCA returns busy if the radio successfully received a signal preamble=20
> whose power is more than or equal to PMD_CS.=20

This is quite clear now. But does PMD_CS correspond to=20
receriver-sensitivity in the card specification?

> If it did not receive a signal preamble, the threshold=20

The threshold for sensing or PLCP decoding?

> is raised by 20 dB (PMD_ED) due to difficulty (or instability) of=20
> detecting energy on the channel without synchronization. So, PMD_CS=20
> and PMD_ED together correspond to CST.

So you mean the PLCP header can be correctly decoded if the received=20
signal is strong enough, even though the bit sequence is not =
synchronized?=20

>
> We are making our 802.11 model more detailed by replacing CST with=20
> these two thresholds.
> =20

Are there any papers/reports on your model? What is the relationship=20
between CST and these two thresholds? Do you express CST as x*PMD_CS +=20
y*PMD_ED?

Frank



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From: Luigi Iannone <Luigi.Iannone@lip6.fr>
To: manet@ietf.org
cc: i24@uow.edu.au
Subject: Re: [manet] A question regarding wireless access bandwidth in ns2
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> --__--__--
>
> Message: 4
> From: i24@uow.edu.au
> Date: Thu, 27 Nov 2003 15:56:54 +1100
> To: manet@ietf.org
> Subject: [manet] A question regarding wireless access bandwidth in ns2
>
> Hi all,
>
> I would like to know how to increase the channel capacity of
> a wireless link in NS2.
>
> What parameters or code would I need to change to increase
> the bandwidth of wireless links to higher capacities,
> eg, '100 Mbps". as opposed to the current 11Mbps.

Mac/802_11 set  dataRate_ 100e6
Keep attention... this will not change the PLCPHeader length
that is setted to the long version. At this speed the use of long
PLCPHeader instead of the short will reduce your throughput a lot.
Ns-2 does not offer native way to change the PLCPHeader you have to go in
the code.

>
> Is this possible?
>
> I would appreciate some guidance if possible!
>
> Thankyou kindly,
> Irwan
>
> (i24@uow.edu.au)
>
>
>

------------------------------------>
Luigi Iannone -  Laboratoire D'Informatique Paris 6
   e.mail:       luigi.iannone@lip6.fr
   Tel:          +33 (0)1 44 27 71 28

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From: Mineo Takai <mineo@cs.ucla.edu>
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Hello Frank,

Frank Li wrote:
> Hi Mineo,
> 
>>
>> No, PMD_CS and PMD_ED do not correspond to CST and RXT in my paper. 
>> CCA returns busy if the radio successfully received a signal preamble 
>> whose power is more than or equal to PMD_CS. 
> 
> This is quite clear now. But does PMD_CS correspond to 
> receriver-sensitivity in the card specification?

As someone else has already pointed out, the receiver-sensitivity in the 
card specification is typically the signal power level at which the card 
can achieve FER (Frame Error Rate) less than or equal to 10%. Since that 
FER is measured for data frames (I don't remember the exact size now, 
but it should be 1000 or 1500 bytes) PMD_CS can be lower than the 
receiver-sensitivity.

>> If it did not receive a signal preamble, the threshold 
> 
> The threshold for sensing or PLCP decoding?

This threshold is for CCA (ED).

>> is raised by 20 dB (PMD_ED) due to difficulty (or instability) of 
>> detecting energy on the channel without synchronization. So, PMD_CS 
>> and PMD_ED together correspond to CST.
> 
> So you mean the PLCP header can be correctly decoded if the received 
> signal is strong enough, even though the bit sequence is not synchronized?

No, if the card misses the beginning of signal (preamble), it cannot 
decode the frame.

>> We are making our 802.11 model more detailed by replacing CST with 
>> these two thresholds.
> 
> Are there any papers/reports on your model? What is the relationship 
> between CST and these two thresholds? Do you express CST as x*PMD_CS + 
> y*PMD_ED?

No and no. For the first question, I am working with several people to 
come up with a reasonable model with reasonable thresholds that exclude 
implementation dependent (proprietary) mechanisms. I don't know if that 
is possible, but I will try :-)

For the second question, if the card (CCA) uses CS only, CST = PMD_CS. 
If it does ED only, CST = PMD_ED. If it does CS and ED, CST = PMD_ED for 
most situations (PMD_CS < PMD_ED). If it does CS or ED, CST = {PMD_CS 
(with preamble) | PMD_ED (without preamble)}.

Mineo

> 
> Frank
> 


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From: "Standards Update" <standards@sympatico.ca>
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References: <C0DFF6586F0B8345B30031F2DC2B9D2A0721C8@london.unik.no> <3FC38445.7050802@cs.ucla.edu> <3FC5FAAE.6060307@unik.no> <3FC65029.5050607@cs.ucla.edu>
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Subject: [manet] Propagation Models
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Hello,

I am new to this area and I have been reading up on ns2 for a while.

How/where can I get the source for the propagation model implementations in
ns2?

Any help would be highly appreciated.

Thanks,
--John



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu Nov 27 22:22:35 2003
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Thread-Topic: About the intrusive scripts and another questions
Thread-Index: AcO1WZThQk4JjYggTciww2K36kiQ6g==
From: "#LI ZHUOWEI#" <zhwei.li@pmail.ntu.edu.sg>
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Hi,

As there are few responses for my emails, I will begin to design the possible anomalies and intrusions in the MANET by NS-2 scripts, i.e. to build one malicious environments like the real application of MANET. The purpose is to strengthern the future protocols design by exploiting the vulnerabilities of existing protocols and the tradeoff between security and resource constraint. If you have similar interest to build/develop such an environment for evaluating other techniques, maybe, we can cooperate to give it a more complete and more careful design with our effort. For such a cooperation, you can send one email to me first.. Thank you...

To the people familiar with MANET, especially hardware-oriented, I want to know the degree of the resource consuming for promicuous eavedropping mode in MANET with comparison with non-promicuous mode. In other words, can you explain the relation between promicuous model and the resource comsumption in MANET,  and a quantative analysis is better... ? Thank you...

 
Regards!

Sincerely yours,
Li Zhuowei
****************************************************************************
****** Title:   Ph.D. candidate    
****** Email: zhwei.li@pmail.ntu.edu.sg                                   
****** Home: http://www.cais.ntu.edu.sg/~zhuowei
******        or http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home5/pg01316106
****************************************************************************
$B!!(J

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri Nov 28 03:56:58 2003
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Subject: Re: [manet] Propagation Models
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Standards Update wrote:

>Hello,
>
>I am new to this area and I have been reading up on ns2 for a while.
>
>How/where can I get the source for the propagation model implementations in
>ns2?
>
>Any help would be highly appreciated.
>
>Thanks,
>--John
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>
>  
>
Hello,
The common used propagation model is implemented in the file
tworayground.cc. Other models exist like shadowing (implemented in
shadowing.cc)

Regards






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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri Nov 28 04:03:33 2003
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From: "R. Ragupathy" <cse_ragu@yahoo.com>
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Subject: [manet] coverage area of omini antanna in ns2 Reg
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Hai friends,
I am working in ns-2 simulator. I wanted to know how
much distance a node can cover the
transmission/receiving. They are dependend on Tx, Rx
defined by the API in terms of lamda. 
Is there any formula to find the distance of coverage?
 
waiting for reply 
Yours

   

=====
R.Ragupathy
Lecturer
Department Of Computer Science & Engg.
Annamalai University
Tamil Nadu - 608002  
India.

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Subject: Re: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g
References: <C0DFF6586F0B8345B30031F2DC2B9D2A0721C8@london.unik.no> <3FC38445.7050802@cs.ucla.edu> <3FC5FAAE.6060307@unik.no> <3FC65029.5050607@cs.ucla.edu>
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Hi Mineo,  Zhifei,

So what I conclude on receiver-sensitivity is that it is a threshold for 
transmission range. Obviously the transmission ranges in any card 
specifications are not calculated from the two ray model. Which model do 
they use? Or the ranges are measured in real life?

Do you know any concrete values of PMD_ED and PMD_CS for any card? 
Moreover,  is the PMD_ED threshold mainly used in the presence of 
non-DSSS or non-802.11 equipments ?
 

>>
>> So you mean the PLCP header can be correctly decoded if the received 
>> signal is strong enough, even though the bit sequence is not 
>> synchronized?
>
>
> No, if the card misses the beginning of signal (preamble), it cannot 
> decode the frame.
>  

I feel it is still possible to decode the PLCP header in this case. If 
the serial input bit sequence matches any predefined header pattern , 
the correction between them may result  in a high enough value, thus the 
receiver interprets that a specific type of header is decoded.

Frank




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From: Mineo Takai <mineo@CS.UCLA.EDU>
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To: Frank Li <frank.li@unik.no>
CC: zhifeili@pmail.ntu.edu.sg, manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] Simulating 802.11b and g
References: <C0DFF6586F0B8345B30031F2DC2B9D2A0721C8@london.unik.no> <3FC38445.7050802@cs.ucla.edu> <3FC5FAAE.6060307@unik.no> <3FC65029.5050607@cs.ucla.edu> <3FC7209F.2010103@unik.no>
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Hi Frank,

My comments are inline.

Frank Li wrote:

> Hi Mineo,  Zhifei,
> 
> So what I conclude on receiver-sensitivity is that it is a threshold for 
> transmission range. 

I would not conclude that way. Receiver sensitivities on the data sheets 
show (probably) the best performance of specific products. Minimum 
requirements of PMD_ED and sensitivity are specified in the standard. 
Actual thresholds used to determine CCA status and reception of packets 
are somewhere in between and implementation dependent (not publicly 
available).

> Obviously the transmission ranges in any card 
> specifications are not calculated from the two ray model. Which model do 
> they use? Or the ranges are measured in real life?

I think they are based on measurements. But I don't know what typical 
indoor / open environments imply, and we cannot use these values to 
calculate the thresholds of our interest backwards.

> Do you know any concrete values of PMD_ED and PMD_CS for any card? 
> Moreover,  is the PMD_ED threshold mainly used in the presence of 
> non-DSSS or non-802.11 equipments ?

The highest value of PMD_ED is specified in the standard. PMD_CS is not. 
If the receiver is synchronized with a particular signal, there is 
little difference between 802.11 signals and noise / (non-802.11) 
interference.

>>> So you mean the PLCP header can be correctly decoded if the received 
>>> signal is strong enough, even though the bit sequence is not 
>>> synchronized?
>>
>> No, if the card misses the beginning of signal (preamble), it cannot 
>> decode the frame.
> 
> I feel it is still possible to decode the PLCP header in this case. If 
> the serial input bit sequence matches any predefined header pattern , 
> the correction between them may result  in a high enough value, thus the 
> receiver interprets that a specific type of header is decoded.

The contents of PLCP preamble is predefined and known to the receiver, 
but the PLCP header carries data (information) unknown to the receiver. 
So, once the receiver misses the preamble, it cannot decode the PLCP 
header or following data correctly.

Mineo

> 
> Frank
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sun Nov 30 01:17:34 2003
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Subject: [manet] Multi-rate on 802.11b?
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hi,
=09I have been working on muli-rate of 802.11 and I have read from=
 waveLan White Paper that:
at the same BER, in the closed environment, the range of 11Mbps,=
 5.5Mbps, 2Mbps and 1Mbps are as following: 25m, 35m, 40m, 50m.
=09 Let us just look at 5.5Mbps, it's range is 35m, and just 5m=
 farther(namely 40m), the rate is cut down to 2Mbps. Is this true=
 in reality? How does they get the data? Can anybody show me some=
 data of other kinds of 802.11 Cards? (i have googled for it, but=
 didn't find any other cards that given detailed data about=
 different data rates.) 
=09Thanks in advance.



=09

=A1=A1=A1=A1

=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1
 =09=09=09=09
=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1Shihong Zou
=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1hoyli@bupt.edu.cn
=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A12003-11-30



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Sun Nov 30 22:04:37 2003
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From: Richard Ogier <ogier@erg.sri.com>
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To: "Dearlove, Chris (UK)" <chris.dearlove@baesystems.com>
CC: MANET <manet@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [manet] Question regarding Mobility
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Chris,

You are right.   For the "cloned square" argument to work (to prove the 
node
position is uniformly distributed), the node movements must not only be 
independent
of position, but they must also be statistically symmetric in the two axes.
(This is because each cloned square is some reflection of the original 
square.)
Also, the node must choose a new random direction every step. E.g, it 
cannot
choose a random direction initially and always travel in that direction, 
since
then it could still end up near one of the four sides.

Richard

Dearlove, Chris (UK) wrote:

>>>>Actually, we only need to consider a single node, and 
>>>>
>>show that it is
>>
>>>>uniformly distributed in the square.  Thus, even though Philippe's
>>>>explanation is accurate, I don't think it is necessary to 
>>>>
>>talk about
>>
>>>>a Poisson distribution.   Allowing the single node to 
>>>>
>>travel straight
>>
>>>>through boundaries, we only need to show that it is uniformly
>>>>distributed in whatever "clone" of the square it happens to be in
>>>>at any time.   I think this follows simply because the node is
>>>>initially placed uniformly, and its movements are independent of
>>>>its location.
>>>>
>>>It doesn't travel through walls, it bounces off them, so we need to
>>>apply some reflections, and we need basic symmetry 
>>>
>>properties (left/right,
>>
>>>up/down).
>>>
>>>Otherwise consider a node which always picks its next destination a
>>>short distance away to the right, regardless of position. 
>>>
>>It will keep
>>
>>>hitting the right wall, bouncing, doing the same again and always be
>>>close to the right wall, i.e. not uniform.
>>>
>>Good point.  But I am talking about the probability 
>>distribution at any
>>point in time.
>>
>
>So am I. Suppose that all nodes have the above skewed distribution
>of movement. Then, regardless of initial uniform distribution, all
>will end up near the right wall, not uniformly distributed.
>
>>Even if the node never moves, it's position is still
>>uniform because it was placed that way.
>>
>
>Not moving is symmetric!
>
>Of course the main point you make is important: you need a uniform
>initial distribution. I think that and symmetry of movement (in
>two axes) is then sufficient for a uniform distribution at all
>future times. I haven't rigorously proved it however (a proof
>would be based on equivalent positions, with reflection).
>
>********************************************************************
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>recipient please delete it from your system and notify the sender.
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