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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts 
directories.
This draft is a work item of the Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Definition of Managed Objects for the Manet Simplified Multicast Framework Relay Set Process
	Author(s)	: R. Cole, J. Macker, B. Adamson, S. Harnedy
	Filename	: draft-ietf-manet-smf-mib-00.txt
	Pages		: 44
	Date		: 2009-4-24
	
   This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB)
   for use with network management protocols in the Internet community.
   In particular, it describes objects for configuring aspects of the
   Simplified Multicast Forwarding (SMF) process.  The SMF MIB also
   reports state information, performance metrics, and notifications.
   In addition to configuration, this additional state and performance
   information is useful to management stations troubleshooting
   multicast forwarding problems.

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http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-manet-smf-mib-00.txt

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From ogier@earthlink.net  Fri May  1 15:00:15 2009
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Cc: "'Dearlove, Christopher \(UK\)'" <Chris.Dearlove@baesystems.com>, manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] OLSRv2 - suggestions for enhancing message forwarding
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Teco Boot wrote:

>On the second case, think of:
> - There is no symmetric neighbor on this interface
> - There is only one symmetric neighbor on this interface,
>   and the to be relayed message was received on this interface
> - All neighbors on this interface report full connectivity
>   to all other neighbors on this interface, and the to be 
>   relayed message was received on this interface
>The check is: does relay the message on this interface results to
>reception on a node, that did not received the message before? 
>If the answer is no, the message SHOULD NOT be relayed on this
>interface. Looks like a no-brainer to me.
>  
>

Indeed this is a no-brainer, and OSPF-MDR does this. At first, I didn't
think it would help much with MPRs, since no MPRs would be selected in
the cases you mention above if there is only a single interface.
However, if there are two interfaces then there can be lots of MPRs.
For example, suppose a MANET has 100 nodes that are all neighbors
of each other, and suppose each node also has another interface that
is connected to a local network. Then the MPR properties in Section 14
imply that every node must select every other node as an MPR!
Furthermore, if one of the nodes originates a TC message, then the
other 99 nodes must forward the TC message on both interfaces!
Wow. It's good that you pointed this out before the RFC is published.

Obviously something needs to be changed. Personally, I prefer your
scheme that uses multiple MPR types, so that in the above example,
all MPRs would be of type MPR_other_interfaces. But the above
check should be done anyway, in case some routers choose not to
use multiple MPR types.

Richard

>There is no need for mathematical proof for the enhanced MPR 
>selection mechanism, as it complies with the MPR selection
>criteria. It is just more selective.
>  
>
>>For each OLSRv2 interface a router MUST select a set of MPRs.  This
>>set MUST have the properties that:
>>
>>o  All of the selected MPRs are willing symmetric 1-hop neighbors,
>>   AND;
>>
>>o  If the selecting router sends a message on that OLSRv2 interface,
>>   and that message is successfully forwarded by all of the selected
>>   MPRs for that interface, then all symmetric strict 2-hop neighbors
>>   of the selecting router through that OLSRv2 interface will receive
>>   that message on a symmetric link.
>>    
>>
>
>Maybe there is an additional requirement for MPR selection that I am
>not aware of. In that case, it shall be added in the draft.
>
>If not, I prefer modifying the OLSRv2 mechanism for supporting the 4 mode
>MPR selection status. Nodes are free to use it or not; i.e. use only the
>no_MPR and
>MPR_all_interfaces.
>Populating the Advertised Neighbor Set is not affected, all MPR selectors
>must be included; i.e. MPR_this_interface, MPR_other_interfaces and
>MPR_all_interfaces.
>
>
>Teco.
>
> 
>|
>|I'm afraid I'm not going to work through your second case.
>|I'm not interested in ad hoc "this might work" modifications
>|of the MPR flooding until backed by a mathematical proof that
>|there are no problems. We've seen enough examples of ideas
>|that look plausible but actually fail.
>|
>|--
>|Christopher Dearlove
>|Technology Leader, Communications Group
>|Networks, Security and Information Systems Department
>|BAE Systems Advanced Technology Centre
>|West Hanningfield Road, Great Baddow, Chelmsford, CM2 8HN, UK
>|Tel: +44 1245 242194  Fax: +44 1245 242124
>|
>|BAE Systems (Operations) Limited
>|Registered Office: Warwick House, PO Box 87,
>|Farnborough Aerospace Centre, Farnborough, Hants, GU14 6YU, UK
>|Registered in England & Wales No: 1996687
>|
>|-----Original Message-----
>|From: manet-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:manet-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
>|Of Teco Boot
>|Sent: 23 April 2009 11:10
>|To: manet@ietf.org
>|Subject: [manet] OLSRv2 - suggestions for enhancing message forwarding
>|
>|
>|                    *** WARNING ***
>|
>|  This message has originated outside your organisation,
>|  either from an external partner or the Global Internet.
>|      Keep this in mind if you answer this message.
>|
>|
>|Here two suggestions for enhancing message forwarding:
>|
>|
>|Missed 1-hop TC:
>|================
>|
>|If the following condition for a received message is true:
>|
>|   msg-orig-addr is a MPR selector,
>|   source address of message is not MPR selector,
>|   message is not seen before,
>|
>|the message is discarded. However, this is a message that
>|should have been received, or is to be received soon. Repair
>|of loss of messages sent from a first hop neighbors could be
>|beneficial for loop prevention.
>|
>|Suggested change: relay such a message.
>|
>|
>|
>|Eliminate useless relaying:
>|===========================
>|
>|If the relaying node has the same set of symmetric neighbors
>|or a subset symmetric neighbors on this link than the MPR
>|selector, relaying messages received from this MPR selector
>|on this link is not useful.
>|
>|Suggested change: Do not relay messages from such a MPR
>|selector on the link which the message was received on.
>|
>|Alternative approach:
>| o  Introduce manually configured interface type:
>|        full-connected [ no | yes ]
>| o  Enhance MPR selection and signaling algorithm,
>|    with MPR types:
>|         [ no_MPR | MPR_this_interface |
>|           MPR_other_interfaces | MPR_all_interfaces ]
>|    MPR selection shall guarantee that all 2-hop neighbors
>|    receive the message at least once.
>|
>|Here a scenario where the enhanced MPR selection would
>|benefit a lot:
>|
>|
>|                 **R7
>|                 *
>|        ________R4
>|       /        /
>| R1-----------R2-------\
>|**     \      |*        |
>|*       \     | *R10    |
>|*        \    |         |
>|*         -----R3-------R5**R8
>|R9              *
>|                **R6
>|
>|Lines: low bandwidth - long reach, e.g. UHF low
>|Asterisks: high bandwidth - short range, e.g. UHF high
>|
>|On |-segment, R1 selects R2 as MPR_all_interfaces and (R4, R3) as
>|MPR_other_interfaces. R2 selects (R1, R3, R4, R5) as
>|MPR_other_interfaces.
>|
>|Scenario: R9 sends TC message.
>|R1 relays TC.
>|R4, R2 and R3 receive this TC in parallel, all relay
>|    on *-interface. Only R2 relays on |-interface.
>|R5 receives TC from R2 and relays on *-interface only.
>|
>|The TC is sent 2 times (instead of 5) on the |-segment.
>|
>|
>|Thoughts?
>|
>|Teco.
>|
>|
>|
>|_______________________________________________
>|manet mailing list
>|manet@ietf.org
>|https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>|
>|
>|********************************************************************
>|This email and any attachments are confidential to the intended
>|recipient and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended
>|recipient please delete it from your system and notify the sender.
>|You should not copy it or use it for any purpose nor disclose or
>|distribute its contents to any other person.
>|********************************************************************
>
>_______________________________________________
>manet mailing list
>manet@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>  
>

From teco@inf-net.nl  Sat May  2 00:27:42 2009
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From: "Teco Boot" <teco@inf-net.nl>
To: "'Richard Ogier'" <ogier@earthlink.net>
References: <004c01c9c3fb$ac973c90$05c5b5b0$@nl>	<ABE739C5ADAC9A41ACCC72DF366B719D01CDCDA0@GLKMS2100.GREENLNK.NET> <000b01c9c899$a52e0d60$ef8a2820$@nl> <49FB71FE.3090708@earthlink.net>
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Cc: "'Dearlove, Christopher \(UK\)'" <Chris.Dearlove@baesystems.com>, manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] OLSRv2 - suggestions for enhancing message forwarding
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Thanks for the support.
Yes, in some scenarios the enhancement is very helpful. I think it is
important.
FYI, recent olsr.org code supports a manual configured interface type,
similar to ospf interface types "manet" and "broadcast". 
My proposal does not need configuration and works better. At cost of
(optional) slightly increased signaling and the logic for selecting the 3
types of MPRs (also optional).
Teco.

|-----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
|Van: Richard Ogier [mailto:ogier@earthlink.net]
|Verzonden: zaterdag 2 mei 2009 0:05
|Aan: Teco Boot
|CC: 'Dearlove, Christopher (UK)'; manet@ietf.org
|Onderwerp: Re: [manet] OLSRv2 - suggestions for enhancing message
|forwarding
|
|Teco Boot wrote:
|
|>On the second case, think of:
|> - There is no symmetric neighbor on this interface
|> - There is only one symmetric neighbor on this interface,
|>   and the to be relayed message was received on this interface
|> - All neighbors on this interface report full connectivity
|>   to all other neighbors on this interface, and the to be
|>   relayed message was received on this interface
|>The check is: does relay the message on this interface results to
|>reception on a node, that did not received the message before?
|>If the answer is no, the message SHOULD NOT be relayed on this
|>interface. Looks like a no-brainer to me.
|>
|>
|
|Indeed this is a no-brainer, and OSPF-MDR does this. At first, I didn't
|think it would help much with MPRs, since no MPRs would be selected in
|the cases you mention above if there is only a single interface.
|However, if there are two interfaces then there can be lots of MPRs.
|For example, suppose a MANET has 100 nodes that are all neighbors
|of each other, and suppose each node also has another interface that
|is connected to a local network. Then the MPR properties in Section 14
|imply that every node must select every other node as an MPR!
|Furthermore, if one of the nodes originates a TC message, then the
|other 99 nodes must forward the TC message on both interfaces!
|Wow. It's good that you pointed this out before the RFC is published.
|
|Obviously something needs to be changed. Personally, I prefer your
|scheme that uses multiple MPR types, so that in the above example,
|all MPRs would be of type MPR_other_interfaces. But the above
|check should be done anyway, in case some routers choose not to
|use multiple MPR types.
|
|Richard
|
|>There is no need for mathematical proof for the enhanced MPR
|>selection mechanism, as it complies with the MPR selection
|>criteria. It is just more selective.
|>
|>
|>>For each OLSRv2 interface a router MUST select a set of MPRs.  This
|>>set MUST have the properties that:
|>>
|>>o  All of the selected MPRs are willing symmetric 1-hop neighbors,
|>>   AND;
|>>
|>>o  If the selecting router sends a message on that OLSRv2 interface,
|>>   and that message is successfully forwarded by all of the selected
|>>   MPRs for that interface, then all symmetric strict 2-hop neighbors
|>>   of the selecting router through that OLSRv2 interface will receive
|>>   that message on a symmetric link.
|>>
|>>
|>
|>Maybe there is an additional requirement for MPR selection that I am
|>not aware of. In that case, it shall be added in the draft.
|>
|>If not, I prefer modifying the OLSRv2 mechanism for supporting the 4
|mode
|>MPR selection status. Nodes are free to use it or not; i.e. use only
|the
|>no_MPR and
|>MPR_all_interfaces.
|>Populating the Advertised Neighbor Set is not affected, all MPR
|selectors
|>must be included; i.e. MPR_this_interface, MPR_other_interfaces and
|>MPR_all_interfaces.
|>
|>
|>Teco.
|>
|>
|>|
|>|I'm afraid I'm not going to work through your second case.
|>|I'm not interested in ad hoc "this might work" modifications
|>|of the MPR flooding until backed by a mathematical proof that
|>|there are no problems. We've seen enough examples of ideas
|>|that look plausible but actually fail.
|>|
|>|--
|>|Christopher Dearlove
|>|Technology Leader, Communications Group
|>|Networks, Security and Information Systems Department
|>|BAE Systems Advanced Technology Centre
|>|West Hanningfield Road, Great Baddow, Chelmsford, CM2 8HN, UK
|>|Tel: +44 1245 242194  Fax: +44 1245 242124
|>|
|>|BAE Systems (Operations) Limited
|>|Registered Office: Warwick House, PO Box 87,
|>|Farnborough Aerospace Centre, Farnborough, Hants, GU14 6YU, UK
|>|Registered in England & Wales No: 1996687
|>|
|>|-----Original Message-----
|>|From: manet-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:manet-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
|>|Of Teco Boot
|>|Sent: 23 April 2009 11:10
|>|To: manet@ietf.org
|>|Subject: [manet] OLSRv2 - suggestions for enhancing message forwarding
|>|
|>|
|>|                    *** WARNING ***
|>|
|>|  This message has originated outside your organisation,
|>|  either from an external partner or the Global Internet.
|>|      Keep this in mind if you answer this message.
|>|
|>|
|>|Here two suggestions for enhancing message forwarding:
|>|
|>|
|>|Missed 1-hop TC:
|>|================
|>|
|>|If the following condition for a received message is true:
|>|
|>|   msg-orig-addr is a MPR selector,
|>|   source address of message is not MPR selector,
|>|   message is not seen before,
|>|
|>|the message is discarded. However, this is a message that
|>|should have been received, or is to be received soon. Repair
|>|of loss of messages sent from a first hop neighbors could be
|>|beneficial for loop prevention.
|>|
|>|Suggested change: relay such a message.
|>|
|>|
|>|
|>|Eliminate useless relaying:
|>|===========================
|>|
|>|If the relaying node has the same set of symmetric neighbors
|>|or a subset symmetric neighbors on this link than the MPR
|>|selector, relaying messages received from this MPR selector
|>|on this link is not useful.
|>|
|>|Suggested change: Do not relay messages from such a MPR
|>|selector on the link which the message was received on.
|>|
|>|Alternative approach:
|>| o  Introduce manually configured interface type:
|>|        full-connected [ no | yes ]
|>| o  Enhance MPR selection and signaling algorithm,
|>|    with MPR types:
|>|         [ no_MPR | MPR_this_interface |
|>|           MPR_other_interfaces | MPR_all_interfaces ]
|>|    MPR selection shall guarantee that all 2-hop neighbors
|>|    receive the message at least once.
|>|
|>|Here a scenario where the enhanced MPR selection would
|>|benefit a lot:
|>|
|>|
|>|                 **R7
|>|                 *
|>|        ________R4
|>|       /        /
|>| R1-----------R2-------\
|>|**     \      |*        |
|>|*       \     | *R10    |
|>|*        \    |         |
|>|*         -----R3-------R5**R8
|>|R9              *
|>|                **R6
|>|
|>|Lines: low bandwidth - long reach, e.g. UHF low
|>|Asterisks: high bandwidth - short range, e.g. UHF high
|>|
|>|On |-segment, R1 selects R2 as MPR_all_interfaces and (R4, R3) as
|>|MPR_other_interfaces. R2 selects (R1, R3, R4, R5) as
|>|MPR_other_interfaces.
|>|
|>|Scenario: R9 sends TC message.
|>|R1 relays TC.
|>|R4, R2 and R3 receive this TC in parallel, all relay
|>|    on *-interface. Only R2 relays on |-interface.
|>|R5 receives TC from R2 and relays on *-interface only.
|>|
|>|The TC is sent 2 times (instead of 5) on the |-segment.
|>|
|>|
|>|Thoughts?
|>|
|>|Teco.
|>|
|>|
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From: Henning Rogge <hrogge@googlemail.com>
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Subject: Re: [manet] OLSRv2 - suggestions for enhancing message forwarding
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On Samstag 02 Mai 2009 09:27:46 Teco Boot wrote:
> Thanks for the support.
> Yes, in some scenarios the enhancement is very helpful. I think it is
> important.
> FYI, recent olsr.org code supports a manual configured interface type,
> similar to ospf interface types "manet" and "broadcast".
> My proposal does not need configuration and works better. At cost of
> (optional) slightly increased signaling and the logic for selecting the 3
> types of MPRs (also optional).
> Teco.
The idea behind this "interface mode" is that Freifunk/Funkfeuer networks=20
often have several 1-mac80211-interface routers connected by ethernet. Beca=
use=20
ethernet has a closed broadcast domain, you don't need to send a received O=
LSR=20
package from the ethernet interface back into it (everyone already got it).

Henning


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From teco@inf-net.nl  Sat May  2 03:36:08 2009
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From: "Teco Boot" <teco@inf-net.nl>
To: "'Henning Rogge'" <hrogge@googlemail.com>, <manet@ietf.org>
References: <004c01c9c3fb$ac973c90$05c5b5b0$@nl> <49FB71FE.3090708@earthlink.net> <004001c9caf7$7df682d0$79e38870$@nl> <200905020934.32666.hrogge@googlemail.com>
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Cc: "'Dearlove, Christopher \(UK\)'" <Chris.Dearlove@baesystems.com>, 'Richard Ogier' <ogier@earthlink.net>
Subject: Re: [manet] OLSRv2 - suggestions for enhancing message forwarding
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This is the classical "back-to-back radio relay" topology,
that is often used in military networks. The enhancement
is not that important for Ethernets, as there would not be
a constraint in capacity.
Where a wireless segment connects many of these clustered
routers, all routers on the segment become MPR, for both 
the Ethernet and "back to the wireless segment" interfaces. 
Here, the unneeded overhead is unacceptable, especially where 
low capacity - long range radios are used in a segment with 
large number of the clustered routers.

My proposal makes the "interface type" self-learning.

Teco.

|-----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
|Van: Henning Rogge [mailto:hrogge@googlemail.com]
|Verzonden: zaterdag 2 mei 2009 9:34
|Aan: manet@ietf.org
|CC: Teco Boot; 'Richard Ogier'; 'Dearlove, Christopher (UK)'
|Onderwerp: Re: [manet] OLSRv2 - suggestions for enhancing message
|forwarding
|
|On Samstag 02 Mai 2009 09:27:46 Teco Boot wrote:
|> Thanks for the support.
|> Yes, in some scenarios the enhancement is very helpful. I think it is
|> important.
|> FYI, recent olsr.org code supports a manual configured interface type,
|> similar to ospf interface types "manet" and "broadcast".
|> My proposal does not need configuration and works better. At cost of
|> (optional) slightly increased signaling and the logic for selecting
|the 3
|> types of MPRs (also optional).
|> Teco.
|The idea behind this "interface mode" is that Freifunk/Funkfeuer
|networks
|often have several 1-mac80211-interface routers connected by ethernet.
|Because
|ethernet has a closed broadcast domain, you don't need to send a
|received OLSR
|package from the ethernet interface back into it (everyone already got
|it).
|
|Henning



From ogier@earthlink.net  Sat May  2 10:20:31 2009
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  Teco Boot wrote:

>This is the classical "back-to-back radio relay" topology,
>that is often used in military networks. The enhancement
>is not that important for Ethernets, as there would not be
>a constraint in capacity.
>Where a wireless segment connects many of these clustered
>routers, all routers on the segment become MPR, for both 
>the Ethernet and "back to the wireless segment" interfaces. 
>Here, the unneeded overhead is unacceptable, especially where 
>low capacity - long range radios are used in a segment with 
>large number of the clustered routers.
>
>My proposal makes the "interface type" self-learning.
>

Absolutely.  Often it won't be known in advance whether a MANET
will form a single hop network (with diameter 1).
But even if the MANET has diameter 2, routers that are not on
the edge will still have a neighbor set that includes all other
routers on the MANET segment, so both of the proposed modifications
will still help a lot.

Moreover, the scheme with multiple MPR types can be very helpful
even if the MANET segment has a large diameter.  This is because
each MANET router will still select all MANET neighbors as MPRs
(because of the Ethernet interfaces).  With the proposed scheme,
only a few of these neighbors will be of type MPR_all_interfaces,
and the rest will be of type MPR_other_interfaces.

Richard


From Chris.Dearlove@baesystems.com  Tue May  5 01:29:59 2009
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From: "Dearlove, Christopher (UK)" <Chris.Dearlove@baesystems.com>
To: "Richard Ogier" <ogier@earthlink.net>, "Teco Boot" <teco@inf-net.nl>
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> For example, suppose a MANET has 100 nodes that are all neighbors
> of each other, and suppose each node also has another interface that
> is connected to a local network. Then the MPR properties in Section 14
> imply that every node must select every other node as an MPR!

Nonsense. Each node advertises that local interface as a local
non-MANET interface, and then no node has any strict two hop
neighbours, and no MPRs are selected.

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From teco@inf-net.nl  Tue May  5 23:18:19 2009
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Subject: Re: [manet] OLSRv2 - suggestions for enhancing message forwarding
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|> For example, suppose a MANET has 100 nodes that are all neighbors
|> of each other, and suppose each node also has another interface that
|> is connected to a local network. Then the MPR properties in Section 14
|> imply that every node must select every other node as an MPR!
|
|Nonsense. Each node advertises that local interface as a local
|non-MANET interface, and then no node has any strict two hop
|neighbours, and no MPRs are selected.

It depends. When the local interface is used for attachment of 
other MANET routers, then of course it shall be configured as
a MANET interface.

If it is a MANET interface, and no other MANET router is attached,
there is no 2-hop neighbor on it and thus it does not affect MPR
selection. Why did you think so?

This MANET interface without a connected MANET router is an example
of useless relaying, when the MANET router was selected as MPR.
I suggested an enhancement that relaying only takes place to MANET
interfaces that have symmetric neighbor(s).

Teco.





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From: "Dearlove, Christopher (UK)" <Chris.Dearlove@baesystems.com>
To: "Teco Boot" <teco@inf-net.nl>
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Subject: Re: [manet] OLSRv2 - suggestions for enhancing message forwarding
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>|> For example, suppose a MANET has 100 nodes that are all neighbors
>|> of each other, and suppose each node also has another interface that
>|> is connected to a local network. Then the MPR properties in Section
14
>|> imply that every node must select every other node as an MPR!
>|
>|Nonsense. Each node advertises that local interface as a local
>|non-MANET interface, and then no node has any strict two hop
>|neighbours, and no MPRs are selected.
>
> It depends. When the local interface is used for attachment of 
> other MANET routers, then of course it shall be configured as
> a MANET interface.

That's not the scenario I commented on, which says "local network".
Another MANET router is not a local network.

> If it is a MANET interface, and no other MANET router is attached,
> there is no 2-hop neighbor on it and thus it does not affect MPR
> selection. Why did you think so?

I didn't. I pointed out that the sensible configuration involves
no MPRs.

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Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:

>>|> For example, suppose a MANET has 100 nodes that are all neighbors
>>|> of each other, and suppose each node also has another interface that
>>|> is connected to a local network. Then the MPR properties in Section
>>    
>>
>14
>  
>
>>|> imply that every node must select every other node as an MPR!
>>|
>>|Nonsense. Each node advertises that local interface as a local
>>|non-MANET interface, and then no node has any strict two hop
>>|neighbours, and no MPRs are selected.
>>
>>It depends. When the local interface is used for attachment of 
>>other MANET routers, then of course it shall be configured as
>>a MANET interface.
>>    
>>
>
>That's not the scenario I commented on, which says "local network".
>Another MANET router is not a local network.
>  
>

OK, we are using the term "local" in different ways.  It is easy to
modify the scenario slightly to make the same point.  Just replace
"local network" with a short-range MANET segment.  Thus, there is
a long-range MANET segment, and each router attached to this
segment is also attached to a short-range segment.

More specifically, consider a MANET with two segments: short range
and long range.  All nodes have a short-range interface,
but only half the nodes have a long-range interface.
The long-range segment has diameter 1, and the short-range
segment has a much larger diameter (and might not be connected).
Each node with a long-range interface will select a large number
of neighbors as MPRs, to cover all 2-hop neighbors that do not
have a long-range interface.  These MPRs will forward each
TC message on *both* interfaces, even though all neighbors
on the long-range interface already received the message.
With Teco's proposal, all MPRs on the long-range interface
will be of type MPR_other_interfaces, thus avoiding this
unnecessary flooding.

As already mentioned, the proposed scheme can greatly improve
efficiency even if the diameter of the long-range segment is
greater than 1.

Richard


>>If it is a MANET interface, and no other MANET router is attached,
>>there is no 2-hop neighbor on it and thus it does not affect MPR
>>selection. Why did you think so?
>>    
>>
>
>I didn't. I pointed out that the sensible configuration involves
>no MPRs.
>
>********************************************************************
>This email and any attachments are confidential to the intended
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>

From philippe.jacquet@inria.fr  Thu May  7 04:33:31 2009
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Cc: "Dearlove, Christopher \(UK\)" <Chris.Dearlove@baesystems.com>, manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] OLSRv2 - suggestions for enhancing message forwarding
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Hello,

We are no longer discussing MPR per node versus interface? It seems to 
me that the discussion is now clearly in favor of per interface 
selection, or am I wrong?

I don't understand well the example of Richard, because I didn't follow 
well the thread. If nodes are in different segments, then we have a 
MANET as a transit network, and there will be default routes toward each 
segment, no needs to share TC's between the segments.

If nodes are systematically connected to two segments, then wouldn't it 
be equivalent to have a single MANET with two kinds of interfaces? And 
in this case the MPRs that cover the two hop neighbors on the slow 
interface will likely cover the two hop neighbors on the fast interface 
and there is an advantage to retransmit on both interfaces.

In the exotic case of a MANET with several distinct segments within 
which we would like to anyhow share TC's, there could be some economy in 
distinguishing MPR wrt to output interface, in the case where one 
neighbor is the only neighbor to a two hop neighbor and this on another 
interface.

That means that we would like to tell a node that it is a kind of 
restricted MPR, by identifying the interface(s) where it is authorized 
to retransmit, or conversely where it should not retransmit. It seems 
this may introduce an increasing signaling complexity for some non 
scalable cases.

We could also complicate the problem by distinguishing the 
retransmission with respect to the input interface and notify to the 
selected MPR the rule of retransmission as a boolean matrix of input 
interfaces and output interfaces.

Best regards,
Philippe

Richard Ogier a écrit :
> Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
> 
>>> |> For example, suppose a MANET has 100 nodes that are all neighbors
>>> |> of each other, and suppose each node also has another interface that
>>> |> is connected to a local network. Then the MPR properties in Section
>>>   
>> 14
>>  
>>
>>> |> imply that every node must select every other node as an MPR!
>>> |
>>> |Nonsense. Each node advertises that local interface as a local
>>> |non-MANET interface, and then no node has any strict two hop
>>> |neighbours, and no MPRs are selected.
>>>
>>> It depends. When the local interface is used for attachment of other 
>>> MANET routers, then of course it shall be configured as
>>> a MANET interface.
>>>   
>>
>> That's not the scenario I commented on, which says "local network".
>> Another MANET router is not a local network.
>>  
>>
> 
> OK, we are using the term "local" in different ways.  It is easy to
> modify the scenario slightly to make the same point.  Just replace
> "local network" with a short-range MANET segment.  Thus, there is
> a long-range MANET segment, and each router attached to this
> segment is also attached to a short-range segment.
> 
> More specifically, consider a MANET with two segments: short range
> and long range.  All nodes have a short-range interface,
> but only half the nodes have a long-range interface.
> The long-range segment has diameter 1, and the short-range
> segment has a much larger diameter (and might not be connected).
> Each node with a long-range interface will select a large number
> of neighbors as MPRs, to cover all 2-hop neighbors that do not
> have a long-range interface.  These MPRs will forward each
> TC message on *both* interfaces, even though all neighbors
> on the long-range interface already received the message.
> With Teco's proposal, all MPRs on the long-range interface
> will be of type MPR_other_interfaces, thus avoiding this
> unnecessary flooding.
> 
> As already mentioned, the proposed scheme can greatly improve
> efficiency even if the diameter of the long-range segment is
> greater than 1.
> 
> Richard
> 
> 
>>> If it is a MANET interface, and no other MANET router is attached,
>>> there is no 2-hop neighbor on it and thus it does not affect MPR
>>> selection. Why did you think so?
>>>   
>>
>> I didn't. I pointed out that the sensible configuration involves
>> no MPRs.
>>
>> ********************************************************************
>> This email and any attachments are confidential to the intended
>> recipient and may also be privileged. If you are not the intended
>> recipient please delete it from your system and notify the sender.
>> You should not copy it or use it for any purpose nor disclose or
>> distribute its contents to any other person.
>> ********************************************************************
>>
>>
>>  
>>
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> 

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Subject: Re: [manet] OLSRv2 - suggestions for enhancing message forwarding
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Philippe Jacquet a écrit:

> Hello,
>
> We are no longer discussing MPR per node versus interface? It seems to 
> me that the discussion is now clearly in favor of per interface 
> selection, or am I wrong?


I think that OLSRv2 should allow the option of selecting MPRs without 
requiring 2-hop neighbors to be redundantly covered by MPRs on all 
possible interfaces.  Thus, I don't think that the router should be 
required to select a *complete* set of MPRs for each interface.  There 
is still a (possibly incomplete) set of MPRs for each interface.  One 
reason given for this requirement was the race condition, but there are 
other ways to avoid this problem (e.g., using jitter or giving priority 
to "better" interfaces), so it should be possible to remove this 
requirement and thus avoid redundant flooding over multiple interfaces.

>
> I don't understand well the example of Richard, because I didn't 
> follow well the thread. If nodes are in different segments, then we 
> have a MANET as a transit network, and there will be default routes 
> toward each segment, no needs to share TC's between the segments.


I am using Teco's definition of a MANET segment (repeated below).  A 
segment is associated with a single interface.  A node that has two 
interfaces belongs to two segments.  Both segments in my example are 
part of a transit MANET.   If you prefer, the short-range segment can be 
divided into multiple local MANET segments/clusters, one for each router 
in the long-range segment.  However, I am assuming that the union of all 
segments forms a single MANET, so TC messages are flooded to all 
routers.  Also, it is possible for a router to move from one cluster to 
another without changing its IP address.  Thus, each cluster may not 
have its own prefix.  This is just one example that shows the 
inefficiency of having each MPR forward each TC message on *all* 
interfaces, and how the simple scheme proposed by Teco can improve 
efficiency by using different MPR types.

In general there may not be "clusters".  Instead, there is a single 
MANET in which every router has a short-range interface and only some 
routers have a long-range interface.  Surely, you would like OLSRv2 to 
be efficient in this case.

>
> If nodes are systematically connected to two segments, then wouldn't 
> it be equivalent to have a single MANET with two kinds of interfaces? 
> And in this case the MPRs that cover the two hop neighbors on the slow 
> interface will likely cover the two hop neighbors on the fast 
> interface and there is an advantage to retransmit on both interfaces.


In my example, there is a short-range interface and a long-range 
interface, so the above does not apply.  In my example, there is never 
any need to retransmit on the long-range interface.

>
> In the exotic case of a MANET with several distinct segments within 
> which we would like to anyhow share TC's, there could be some economy 
> in distinguishing MPR wrt to output interface, in the case where one 
> neighbor is the only neighbor to a two hop neighbor and this on 
> another interface.
>
> That means that we would like to tell a node that it is a kind of 
> restricted MPR, by identifying the interface(s) where it is authorized 
> to retransmit, or conversely where it should not retransmit. It seems 
> this may introduce an increasing signaling complexity for some non 
> scalable cases.
>
> We could also complicate the problem by distinguishing the 
> retransmission with respect to the input interface and notify to the 
> selected MPR the rule of retransmission as a boolean matrix of input 
> interfaces and output interfaces.


Yes, I mentioned something similar in my message on 4/29:  "I think that 
maximum efficiency would require somehow indicating exactly which of the 
n interfaces the packet should be forwarded on.  But of course this is 
more complex."

But Teco's scheme seems to be a good compromise between efficiency and 
simplicity. He defines 3 MPR types:

MPR_this_interface:  Forward only on the same interface
MPR_other_interfaces:  Forward on all other interfaces.
MPR_all_interfaces: Forward on all interfaces.

Richard

 MANET segment

    Wireless communication facility which may interconnect
    MANET interfaces, when within radio range to each other.
    A MANET interface connects a MANET router to a single 
    MANET segment.


>
> Best regards,
> Philippe


>
> Richard Ogier a écrit :
>
>> Dearlove, Christopher (UK) wrote:
>>
>>>> |> For example, suppose a MANET has 100 nodes that are all neighbors
>>>> |> of each other, and suppose each node also has another interface 
>>>> that
>>>> |> is connected to a local network. Then the MPR properties in Section
>>>>   
>>>
>>> 14
>>>  
>>>
>>>> |> imply that every node must select every other node as an MPR!
>>>> |
>>>> |Nonsense. Each node advertises that local interface as a local
>>>> |non-MANET interface, and then no node has any strict two hop
>>>> |neighbours, and no MPRs are selected.
>>>>
>>>> It depends. When the local interface is used for attachment of 
>>>> other MANET routers, then of course it shall be configured as
>>>> a MANET interface.
>>>>   
>>>
>>>
>>> That's not the scenario I commented on, which says "local network".
>>> Another MANET router is not a local network.
>>>  
>>>
>>
>> OK, we are using the term "local" in different ways.  It is easy to
>> modify the scenario slightly to make the same point.  Just replace
>> "local network" with a short-range MANET segment.  Thus, there is
>> a long-range MANET segment, and each router attached to this
>> segment is also attached to a short-range segment.
>>
>> More specifically, consider a MANET with two segments: short range
>> and long range.  All nodes have a short-range interface,
>> but only half the nodes have a long-range interface.
>> The long-range segment has diameter 1, and the short-range
>> segment has a much larger diameter (and might not be connected).
>> Each node with a long-range interface will select a large number
>> of neighbors as MPRs, to cover all 2-hop neighbors that do not
>> have a long-range interface.  These MPRs will forward each
>> TC message on *both* interfaces, even though all neighbors
>> on the long-range interface already received the message.
>> With Teco's proposal, all MPRs on the long-range interface
>> will be of type MPR_other_interfaces, thus avoiding this
>> unnecessary flooding.
>>
>> As already mentioned, the proposed scheme can greatly improve
>> efficiency even if the diameter of the long-range segment is
>> greater than 1.
>>
>> Richard
>>
>>
>>>> If it is a MANET interface, and no other MANET router is attached,
>>>> there is no 2-hop neighbor on it and thus it does not affect MPR
>>>> selection. Why did you think so?
>>>>   
>>>
>>>
>>> I didn't. I pointed out that the sensible configuration involves
>>> no MPRs.
>>>
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Subject: Re: [manet] OLSRv2 - suggestions for enhancing message forwarding
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Reading back my definition on MANET segment:

| MANET segment
|
|    Wireless communication facility which may interconnect
|    MANET interfaces, when within radio range to each other.
|    A MANET interface connects a MANET router to a single
|    MANET segment.

In fact, the communication facility does not have to be wireless.
Cabled links can be MANET segments also.

Question here is: What is a MANET interface? It is used for two
different things: 
 a) Interface to a wireless communication facility that may suffer
    time varying connectivity, asymmetry and non-transitivity.
 b) Interface with a MANET protocol active on it.

I think a MANET segment is part of a MANET routing domain and can be
wired or wireless. New attempt for definitions:

****

 MANET segment

   Sub-IP layer communication facility which may interconnect
   MANET interfaces. A MANET interface connects a MANET router
   to a single MANET segment. MANET segments may use wireless
   or wired communication facilities and may suffer time varying
   connectivity, asymmetry and non-transitivity.


 MANET interface 

  Interface with a MANET protocol active on it.

****

I am aware I am flip-flopping on definition for MANET interface constantly.
For this reason, I retrigger this discussion over and over, hopefully
resulting in convergence some day.
Problem here is OSPF-MANET, where OSPF_Interface_Type = MANET is 
definition a) **and** b), where in the MANET WG discussions definition b)
is meant. In Autoconf WG, we flip-flop day to day.

Teco.







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Subject: [manet] OLSR v1 - Question about the symmetric 1-hop neighborhood
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Hello,

I am currently writing a full hardware implementation of OLSR v1 on a FPGA.
Everything is going well but there is one point that is not totally clear i=
n
my mind.

When the draft says (for TC, MID and HNA message processing) :

     1    If the sender interface (NB: not originator) of this message
          is not in the symmetric 1-hop neighborhood of this node, the
          message MUST be discarded.


Does it mean :

Look in the Link Set and see if there is a tuple where

L_neighbor_iface_addr =3D=3D sender iface addr
AND
L_SYM_time >=3D currentTime

?

Thanks,
Aur=E9lien Ribon

--001636c5a4af2842b90469ef66a1
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
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Hello,<br><br>I am currently writing a full hardware implementation of OLSR=
 v1 on a FPGA.<br>Everything is going well but there is one point that is n=
ot totally clear in my mind.<br><br>When the draft says (for TC, MID and HN=
A message processing) :<br>
<br><pre><font style=3D"font-family: courier new,monospace;" size=3D"2">   =
  1    If the sender interface (NB: not originator) of this message<br>    =
      is not in the symmetric 1-hop neighborhood of this node, the<br>     =
     message MUST be discarded.</font><br>
</pre><br>Does it mean :<br><br><span style=3D"font-family: courier new,mon=
ospace;">Look in the Link Set and see if there is a tuple where</span><br s=
tyle=3D"font-family: courier new,monospace;"><br><div style=3D"margin-left:=
 40px;">
<span style=3D"font-family: courier new,monospace;">L_neighbor_iface_addr =
=3D=3D sender iface addr</span><br><span style=3D"font-family: courier new,=
monospace;">AND</span><br style=3D"font-family: courier new,monospace;"><sp=
an style=3D"font-family: courier new,monospace;">L_SYM_time &gt;=3D current=
Time</span><br>
</div><br>?<br><br>Thanks,<br>Aur=E9lien Ribon<br>

--001636c5a4af2842b90469ef66a1--

From Chris.Dearlove@baesystems.com  Fri May 15 08:54:14 2009
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From: "Dearlove, Christopher (UK)" <Chris.Dearlove@baesystems.com>
To: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Aur=E9lien_Ribon?= <obli.olsr@gmail.com>, <manet@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [manet] OLSR v1 - Question about the symmetric 1-hop neighborhood
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Two points:
=20
I think the L_neighbor_iface_addr condition should also include
that L_local_iface_addr (of the same tuple) is the local interface
address on which the message (packet) was received.

Agreed that may not be exactly what it says, but as you say, it's
not quite clear. But I think that's theoretically better. But in
almost all cases it's not going to make much difference, and in most
cases none at all.
=20
I also think your >=3D should be >.
=20
OK, in practice that may make little or no difference. But for expiry times
you want to remove at the time (removing "at the first time after that time=
"
is not well-defined) and you want to do the same for other timers for
consistency I think.
=20
Now I have to admit I haven't checked the second point with RFC 3626. I am
fairly sure OLSRv2 adopts the above approach (but OLSRv2 is in general tigh=
ter
on these sorts of things - on link quality thresholds for example). It also
handles the first point subtly differently too.

--
Christopher Dearlove
Technology Leader, Communications Group
Networks, Security and Information Systems Department
BAE Systems Advanced Technology Centre
West Hanningfield Road, Great Baddow, Chelmsford, CM2 8HN, UK
Tel: +44 1245 242194  Fax: +44 1245 242124

BAE Systems (Operations) Limited
Registered Office: Warwick House, PO Box 87,
Farnborough Aerospace Centre, Farnborough, Hants, GU14 6YU, UK
Registered in England & Wales No: 1996687


=20

________________________________

From: manet-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:manet-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of A=
ur=E9lien Ribon
Sent: 15 May 2009 09:41
To: manet@ietf.org
Subject: [manet] OLSR v1 - Question about the symmetric 1-hop neighborhood


                    *** WARNING ***

  This message has originated outside your organisation,
  either from an external partner or the Global Internet.=20
      Keep this in mind if you answer this message.


Hello,

I am currently writing a full hardware implementation of OLSR v1 on a FPGA.
Everything is going well but there is one point that is not totally clear i=
n my mind.

When the draft says (for TC, MID and HNA message processing) :


     1    If the sender interface (NB: not originator) of this message
          is not in the symmetric 1-hop neighborhood of this node, the
          message MUST be discarded.



Does it mean :

Look in the Link Set and see if there is a tuple where


L_neighbor_iface_addr =3D=3D sender iface addr
AND
L_SYM_time >=3D currentTime


?

Thanks,
Aur=E9lien Ribon


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From haas@ece.cornell.edu  Mon May 18 07:43:38 2009
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From: haas <haas@ece.cornell.edu>
To: Vaibhav_Kumar@Dell.com
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Subject: Re: [manet] Regarding ZRP trace file
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Dear Vaibhav,

We do not support this software anymore ... it was 
developed for an older version of NS-2.

We may be replacing it with a new software, but it 
will not be done before the Fall semester. If we 
do, we will be positing it on our 
(updated-by-then) web pages.

Zygmunt Haas.
===--==-=-=-===
~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~
Dr. Zygmunt J. Haas              http://people.ece.cornell.edu/haas
Professor
School of Electrical Engineering
Wireless Networks Laboratory, Director   http://wnl.ece.cornell.edu
Cornell University                       tel: +1-607-255-3454
323 Frank Rhodes Hall                    fax: +1-607-255-9072
Ithaca, NY 14853
U.S.A                       e-mail: haas(at)ece(dot)cornell(dot)edu
               WNL web page: http://wnl.ece.cornell.edu
~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~
	"I would found an institution where any person could find
	     instruction in any study." - Ezra Cornell, 1868


On Mon, 18 May 2009, Vaibhav_Kumar@Dell.com wrote:

=> Date: Mon, 18 May 2009 20:07:13 +0530
=> From: Vaibhav_Kumar@Dell.com
=> To: haas@ee.cornell.edu, haas@ece.cornell.edu
=> Cc: sami.samiksha@gmail.com, manet@ietf.org
=> Subject: Regarding ZRP trace file
=> 
=> Hi,
=> 
=> The ZRP code present at the following location 
=> 
=> http://wnl.ece.cornell.edu/wnlprojects.html#adhoc_software
=> 
=> 
=> was successfully installed in Redhat 7.3 using ns-2.1b6a. (I followed
=> the README instructions). After executing the command 'ns example.tcl'
=> pktdemo.tr file was generated. 
=> 
=> But when I analyzed the file using a awk file (attached), I got PDF as
=> 0.0. It seems no packets were received. 
=> 
=> Please let me know how to get a valid PDF value.
=> 
=>  <<pktdemo.tr>>  <<PerfAna.awk>> 
=> 
=> Regards
=> -Vaibhav 
=> 

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Hi there.I am studing on demand (reactive protocols). Please tell me if I am wrong:A protocol that sends hello messages periodically MAY or MAY NOT be a reactive or on demand protocol but a protocol that plays its role only when it is needed such as a route to some node is required, must be a reactive or on demand protocol. Am I righ?


      
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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" ><tr><td valign="top" style="font: inherit;">Hi there.<div>I am studing on demand (reactive protocols). Please tell me if I am wrong:</div><div>A protocol that sends hello messages periodically MAY or MAY NOT be a reactive or on demand protocol but a protocol that plays its role only when it is needed such as a route to some node is required, must be a reactive or on demand protocol. Am I righ?</div></td></tr></table><br>

      
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Hello,

Yes, this is right.  But maybe it is better to not enforce allegiance
to this definitional characterization.  If periodic HELLO messages
make the protocol work better, it doesn't matter whether that
violates any measure of protocol purity.

Unfortunately, it's usually not so easy measuring "better" unless
you have a goal -- say, reducing latency.  Then, whether or not
to proactively carry out neighborhood discovery would be
determined by checking what is needed to meet your goals.

Regards,
Charlie P.


Bringo Shawn wrote:
> Hi there.
> I am studing on demand (reactive protocols). Please tell me if I am wrong:
> A protocol that sends hello messages periodically MAY or MAY NOT be a 
> reactive or on demand protocol but a protocol that plays its role only 
> when it is needed such as a route to some node is required, must be a 
> reactive or on demand protocol. Am I righ?
>
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>   


From bms@incunabulum.net  Tue May 19 02:57:10 2009
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Subject: Re: [manet] OLSR v1 - Question about the symmetric 1-hop neighborhood
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Aurélien Ribon wrote:
> I am currently writing a full hardware implementation of OLSR v1 on a 
> FPGA.
> Everything is going well but there is one point that is not totally 
> clear in my mind.
>
> When the draft says (for TC, MID and HNA message processing) :
>
>      1    If the sender interface (NB: not originator) of this message
>           is not in the symmetric 1-hop neighborhood of this node, the
>           message MUST be discarded.
>
>   
Look here in method  TopologyManager::event_receive_tc() :-
http://cvsweb.xorp.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/xorp/contrib/olsr/topology.cc?rev=1.5

and look here in method Neighborhood::is_sym_neighbor_addr() :-
http://cvsweb.xorp.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/xorp/contrib/olsr/neighborhood.cc?rev=1.4

Of course, that lookup could probably get speeded up if the interface ID 
where the message was received is known.

cheers,
BMS

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Thank you all for your answers. But that leave me with one more question.

Chris, you said :
*
*

> * I think the L_neighbor_iface_addr condition should also include*
> * that L_local_iface_addr (of the same tuple) is the local interface*
> * address on which the message (packet) was received.*
>
> * Agreed that may not be exactly what it says, but as you say, it's*
> * not quite clear. But I think that's theoretically better. But in*
> * almost all cases it's not going to make much difference, and in most*
> * cases none at all.*
>


I agree with you, but Bruce said :


*Look here in method  TopologyManager::event_**receive_tc() :-*
> *
> http://cvsweb.xorp.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/xorp/contrib/olsr/topology.cc?rev=1.5
> *
>
> * and look here in method Neighborhood::is_sym_neighbor_**addr() :-*
> *
> http://cvsweb.xorp.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/xorp/contrib/olsr/neighborhood.cc?rev=1.4
> *
>


So, that means that we should test the neighbor tuple and not the link
tuple. But the draft do mention that :

     1    If the sender interface (NB: not originator) of this message
          is not in the symmetric 1-hop neighborhood of this node, the
          message MUST be discarded.

Wouldn't the "not originator" expression mean that we only do care about the
connectivity of only one interface ?
Looking at the neighbor tuple is the same as evaluating all the interfaces
at the same time, since a neighbor tuple is updated on every associated link
tuple update/record, am I wrong ?

--00504502b6300bc017046a42c7fb
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Thank you all for your answers. But that leave me with one more question.<b=
r><br>Chris, you said :<br><i><br></i><br><blockquote style=3D"border-left:=
 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex=
;" class=3D"gmail_quote">
<i>
I think the L_neighbor_iface_addr condition should also include</i><br><i>
that L_local_iface_addr (of the same tuple) is the local interface</i><br><=
i>
address on which the message (packet) was received.</i><br><br><i>
Agreed that may not be exactly what it says, but as you say, it&#39;s</i><b=
r><i>
not quite clear. But I think that&#39;s theoretically better. But in</i><br=
><i>
almost all cases it&#39;s not going to make much difference, and in most</i=
><br><i>
cases none at all.</i><br></blockquote><br><br>I agree with you, but Bruce =
said :<br><br><br><blockquote style=3D"border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204,=
 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;" class=3D"gmail_quote"=
>
<i>Look here in method =A0TopologyManager::event_</i><i>receive_tc() :-</i>=
<br><i><a href=3D"http://cvsweb.xorp.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/xorp/contrib/ol=
sr/topology.cc?rev=3D1.5" target=3D"_blank">http://cvsweb.xorp.org/cgi-bin/=
cvsweb.cgi/xorp/contrib/olsr/topology.cc?rev=3D1.5</a></i><br>
<br><i>
and look here in method Neighborhood::is_sym_neighbor_</i><i>addr() :-</i><=
br><i><a href=3D"http://cvsweb.xorp.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/xorp/contrib/ols=
r/neighborhood.cc?rev=3D1.4" target=3D"_blank">http://cvsweb.xorp.org/cgi-b=
in/cvsweb.cgi/xorp/contrib/olsr/neighborhood.cc?rev=3D1.4</a></i><br>
</blockquote><div id=3D":dt" class=3D"ii gt"><br>


<br>So, that means that we should test the neighbor tuple and not the link =
tuple. But the draft do mention that :<br><pre><font style=3D"font-family: =
courier new,monospace;" size=3D"2">     1    If the sender interface (NB: n=
ot originator) of this message<br>
          is not in the symmetric 1-hop neighborhood of this node, the<br> =
         message MUST be discarded.</font></pre>Wouldn&#39;t the &quot;not =
originator&quot; expression mean that we only do care about the connectivit=
y of only one interface ?<br>
Looking at the neighbor tuple is the same as evaluating all the interfaces =
at the same time, since a neighbor tuple is updated on every associated lin=
k tuple update/record, am I wrong ?<br></div>

--00504502b6300bc017046a42c7fb--

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>  So, that means that we should test the neighbor tuple and not the link tuple. But the draft do mention that :
> 
>    1    If the sender interface (NB: not originator) of this message
>         is not in the symmetric 1-hop neighborhood of this node, the
>         message MUST be discarded.
>
> Wouldn't the "not originator" expression mean that we only do care
> about the connectivity of only one interface ?

The "not originator" refers to something else - to that when a message
goes from A to B to C its originator is A, but C cares about B, not A.
That doesn't make the conclusion above right or wrong.

> Looking at the neighbor tuple is the same as evaluating all the
> interfaces at the same time, since a neighbor tuple is updated
> on every associated link tuple update/record, am I wrong ?

The Neighbour Tuple is updated each time. (The very precise details
I'd have to check up on, as it's OLSRv2's behaviour that I'm now most
familiar with.) But the subtlety happens in cases such as the following.

(a) A has interfaces A1, A2, B has interfaces B1, B2. There's a symmetric
link from A1 to B1 and an asymmetric link from A2 to B2. You receive a
TC message at B2 from A2, should you discard it?

(b) A has interfaces A1, A2, B has interface B1. There's a symmetric
link from A1 to B1 and an asymmetric link from A2 to B1. You receive a
TC message at B1 from A2, should you discard it?

(c) A has interface A1, B has interfaces B1, B2. There's a symmetric
link from A1 to B1 and an asymmetric link from A1 to B2. You receive a
TC message at B2 from A1, should you discard it?

I wouldn't incidentally rely on any specific implementation as defining
the right answer, although of course it can be useful.

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Dear MANET WG members,

we at Niigata University have implemented and tested the OLSRv2 protocol
according to a recent draft.

The implementation has been put to use in simulation and real world
physical nodes.

Simulation under various scenarios indicate that the use of LLN (Link
Layer Notification) leads to a looping packets becoming a problem in the
network.

In larger networks where the TTL or Hop Count cannot be kept small, and
particularly at higher loads, the problem of looping packets become more
significant.

To this end we put forward an Internet draft available in the following
link:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-speakman-manet-looping-issue-00.txt


We'd be grateful for your consideration and input.


Regards,
Lee Speakman
Research Center for Natural Hazard and Disaster Recovery, Niigata, Japan

Kenichi Mase
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Japan



From ulrich@herberg.name  Tue May 26 04:46:37 2009
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Dear Lee,

I have some questions about your draft. Citing a part of Section 5:

<cite>
=A0 The effect of this is to cause the Link Set in the node that has the
=A0 LLN to change the link over which the packet was dropped from
=A0 Symmetric to Lost ahead of the symmetric link timeouts between the
=A0 nodes. =A0The surrounding nodes will still have knowledge of the
=A0 existence of this link, and the link will still exist in the Topology
=A0 Sets in the rest of the network for some time, possibly leading to
=A0 the formation of a loop.
</cite>

Well, as soon as the link has been set to LOST by the LLN, a HELLO
will be triggered and the neighbors are informed that this link is
indeed lost. This is not different than using "plain" OLSRv2, only
that the time the link is advertized (even though it's already gone)
is reduced. I don't understand why that should speed up temporary
routing loop forming.

<cite>
=A0The effect of LLN is to ultimately speed
=A0 the process by which a routing loop forms. =A0Node 3 or node 4 in
=A0 Figure 1 may not have to wait for a full three times the Hello
=A0 Interval before the Link Set changes its state from Symmetric.

=A0 As LLN is triggered on the failure of a data packet to be forwarded
=A0 over a link
</cite>

Probably, the LLN should not be triggered if only a single packet is
lost. Rather, decrease the Link Quality of that link using some sort
of "smooth" function as described in the OLSRv2 draft.

<cite>
=A0 and the number of LLNs increases with the amount of
=A0 traffic in the network, the number of routing loops also increases
=A0 with the amount traffic in the network.
</cite>

Why is this a logical implication?

<cite>
=A0 Furthermore, as LLN results
=A0 in the removal of links at a rate over and above that by timeouts in
=A0 'plain' OLSRv2, the total number of links in the network is further
=A0 reduced thus increasing the average distance from any source to
=A0 destination.
</cite>

The links that "plain" OLSRv2 keeps while they would be dropped when
using LLNs, are not "valid" any more. So in "plain" OLSRv2 packets
using such links would be dropped. Using LLN, the convergence time
will be decreased, so that a path from the source to the destination
can be recalculated faster.

<cite>
=A0 A larger number of the packets remain in the network,
=A0 taking a longer route, thus adding extra to the network load,
</cite>

While it is true there may be more packets in the network, the
statement "[they] take a longer route" is not really accurate. Without
LLN, the packets would have been dropped during the time OLSRv2 needs
to converge. You could say that this is a very short path -- right
away into the trash can ;-)

<cite>
=A0 impacting the surrounding traffic within interference range of the
=A0 loop, and further encouraging a higher chance of an LLN occurring in
=A0 a node along the route supporting the traffic by collision. =A0The
=A0 negative effect of increased packet looping caused by LLN works
=A0 against the gains from avoiding dropping packets over broken links
=A0 that plagues 'plain' OLSRv2. The negative effect as load increases
=A0 may exceed the gains, thus causing a greater overall loss.
</cite>

Hmm, sorry, but I really don't understand how you would have more
loops by using L2 notifications. I am also running my own OLSRv2
implementation (JOLSRv2) with L2 notifications on Ns2, and I did not
experience loops. Maybe you could explain using your example, where
exactly you would have routing loops. My intuition is that using L2
notifications might even reduce the number of temporary loops, since
the convergence time is decreased.

Best regards,
Ulrich

On Tue, May 26, 2009 at 11:24 AM, Lee Speakman
<delta@net.ie.niigata-u.ac.jp> wrote:
>
> Dear MANET WG members,
>
> we at Niigata University have implemented and tested the OLSRv2 protocol
> according to a recent draft.
>
> The implementation has been put to use in simulation and real world
> physical nodes.
>
> Simulation under various scenarios indicate that the use of LLN (Link
> Layer Notification) leads to a looping packets becoming a problem in the
> network.
>
> In larger networks where the TTL or Hop Count cannot be kept small, and
> particularly at higher loads, the problem of looping packets become more
> significant.
>
> To this end we put forward an Internet draft available in the following
> link:
>
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-speakman-manet-looping-issue-00=
.txt
>
>
> We'd be grateful for your consideration and input.
>
>
> Regards,
> Lee Speakman
> Research Center for Natural Hazard and Disaster Recovery, Niigata, Japan
>
> Kenichi Mase
> Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Japan
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet

From delta@net.ie.niigata-u.ac.jp  Thu May 28 03:06:21 2009
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Dear Ulrich,

thank you for your comments, replies inline...

> <cite>
>   The effect of this is to cause the Link Set in the node that has the
>   LLN to change the link over which the packet was dropped from
>   Symmetric to Lost ahead of the symmetric link timeouts between the
>   nodes.  The surrounding nodes will still have knowledge of the
>   existence of this link, and the link will still exist in the Topology
>   Sets in the rest of the network for some time, possibly leading to
>   the formation of a loop.
> </cite>
>
> Well, as soon as the link has been set to LOST by the LLN, a HELLO
> will be triggered and the neighbors are informed that this link is
> indeed lost. This is not different than using "plain" OLSRv2, only
> that the time the link is advertized (even though it's already gone)
> is reduced. I don't understand why that should speed up temporary
> routing loop forming.
>   
Yes, the change of state is not different between plain OLSRv2 and 
OLSRv2 with LLN.
Only the time at which a link state may change to LOST under "plain" 
OLSRv2 is three times the Hello Period of the last received Hello Packet 
from the respective node, as opposed to OLSRv2 with LLN which may change 
the link state shortly after the link is established and confirmed by Hello.

The way the change of link state in the next Hello Packet is advertised 
is the same between the two.
As such, loops have been seen to form under "plain" OLSRv2, however, 
they are much fewer than the loops under OLSRv2-LLN.

In the paper [6] referred to in the draft, we consider a set time and 
explain how a loop forms naturally for a short "transient" time and then 
is naturally dissolved as the routing protocol  communicates the latest 
link state information with the rest of nodes in the network.
With LLN, the rate at which these transient routing loops are dissolved 
is not changed, however, the changes in link state occur much more 
frequently as it caused by the non-delivery of packets to the next hop.

> <cite>
>  The effect of LLN is to ultimately speed
>   the process by which a routing loop forms.  Node 3 or node 4 in
>   Figure 1 may not have to wait for a full three times the Hello
>   Interval before the Link Set changes its state from Symmetric.
>
>   As LLN is triggered on the failure of a data packet to be forwarded
>   over a link
> </cite>
>
> Probably, the LLN should not be triggered if only a single packet is
> lost. Rather, decrease the Link Quality of that link using some sort
> of "smooth" function as described in the OLSRv2 draft.
>   
Even if the LLN is only triggered after dropping three consecutive 
packets forwarded at the network layer, the action of the LLN is to make 
link-state changes over and above the link-state changes that occur 
simply from links timing out after not receiving a Hello for some time.
For every link-state change that occurs in node, there is a likelihood 
that a routing loop will be created, which can only be corrected when 
the in-node link-state is advertised in its following control packets.

This document describes the routing loop and packet looping issues in 
mobile ad hoc network (MANET) running proactive routing protocols using 
hop count metric.

Using Link Hysteresis with OLSRv2 with the Link Quality based on the 
Hellos received, we have found improvement in performance upon OLSRv2, 
but not nearly as much as that provided by OLSRv2 with LLN with a Packet 
Discard on Looping Packet Detection, as OLSRv2 with LH (Link Hysteresis) 
still has the problem of forwarded packets over physically dead links.

Using a Path Metric may also help reduce the number of loops, but an 
accurate Path Metric takes time to create and is limited by node mobility.

> <cite>
>   and the number of LLNs increases with the amount of
>   traffic in the network, the number of routing loops also increases
>   with the amount traffic in the network.
> </cite>
>
> Why is this a logical implication?
>   
An LLN only occurs on the failure of a unicast data packet to be 
forwarded from one node to the next.  If the traffic is increased, the 
likelihood of collisions and interference is also increased leading to 
the increased likelihood that a unicast data packet will fail to be 
forwarded to the next hop, thus leading to a LLN (after several attempts 
at forwarding) and a change of link-state of that link to LOST.

> <cite>
>   Furthermore, as LLN results
>   in the removal of links at a rate over and above that by timeouts in
>   'plain' OLSRv2, the total number of links in the network is further
>   reduced thus increasing the average distance from any source to
>   destination.
> </cite>
>
> The links that "plain" OLSRv2 keeps while they would be dropped when
> using LLNs, are not "valid" any more. So in "plain" OLSRv2 packets
> using such links would be dropped. Using LLN, the convergence time
> will be decreased, so that a path from the source to the destination
> can be recalculated faster.
>   
Total convergence time is decreased as in OLSRv2 with LLN non-performing 
links are removed, but if the network is continually changing, perhaps 
due to mobility, a number of "convergences" are caused by LLNs removing 
non-performing links, in an equivalent period in which plain OLSRv2 
would simply have been forwarding the packet over the original 
non-performing link.

> <cite>
>   A larger number of the packets remain in the network,
>   taking a longer route, thus adding extra to the network load,
> </cite>
>
> While it is true there may be more packets in the network, the
> statement "[they] take a longer route" is not really accurate. Without
> LLN, the packets would have been dropped during the time OLSRv2 needs
> to converge. You could say that this is a very short path -- right
> away into the trash can ;-)
>   
That's right, with plain OLSRv2, some of the perceived routes lead to 
packets being continually forwarded over a non-performing link for the 
duration of the existence of that link being Symmetric in the forwarding 
node's Link Set.

With LLN, it is observed that end-to-end delivered packets on average 
take a longer route, so this ignores these short routes which are 
incapable of delivering packets to the destination.

However we have seen another effect as given in the paper. The effect of 
transient looping packets is to increase the effective load on the 
network and in the medium, increasing the likelihood that this extra 
load will have collision with existing traffic, thus causing some of 
this surrounding traffic to be dropped, leading to LLNs and more links 
being removed from the link sets.  This results in slightly longer 
routes to the destination, also further leading to an increased 
effective load in the network.

> <cite>
>   impacting the surrounding traffic within interference range of the
>   loop, and further encouraging a higher chance of an LLN occurring in
>   a node along the route supporting the traffic by collision.  The
>   negative effect of increased packet looping caused by LLN works
>   against the gains from avoiding dropping packets over broken links
>   that plagues 'plain' OLSRv2. The negative effect as load increases
>   may exceed the gains, thus causing a greater overall loss.
> </cite>
>
> Hmm, sorry, but I really don't understand how you would have more
> loops by using L2 notifications. I am also running my own OLSRv2
> implementation (JOLSRv2) with L2 notifications on Ns2, and I did not
> experience loops. Maybe you could explain using your example, where
> exactly you would have routing loops. My intuition is that using L2
> notifications might even reduce the number of temporary loops, since
> the convergence time is decreased.
>   
We found, as given in figure 2, that LLN improves over "plain" OLSRv2, 
but as the load is increased, the number of routing loops increases and 
soon falls to below the performance (PDR) of plain OLSRv2.  The cause of 
this, as found by packet traces, was due to looping packets.  This was 
further confirmed by setting up a looping packet detection technique and 
discarding looping packets, which resulted in the PDR being 
significantly improved.  Simulations were performed in Qualnet 4 with 60 
nodes, The load was controlled by using CBR applications and changing 
the number of applications.

At very low loads there are no loops.  Less loops are also seen at 
higher node- or link-density.  But we still observe looping packets at 
moderate loads and link densities.

The example in section 4 and 5 of the draft is taken from the paper in 
[6] with the help of a time chart and there is another earlier example 
we expressed in the IEEE CQR Workshop, 2008.

In your simulation for increasing offered load do you find a much more 
rapidly decreasing performance in OLSRv2 with LLN over that for plain 
OLSRv2 similar to figure 2 in the draft?


Thanks for your comments.

Cheers,
   Lee -S-

Lee Speakman, Research Center for Natural Hazard and Disaster Recovery, 
Niigata, Japan

Ref. 
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-speakman-manet-looping-issue-00.txt




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Thread-Topic: [manet] New draft: "Routing Loop Issue in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)"
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From: "Dearlove, Christopher (UK)" <Chris.Dearlove@baesystems.com>
To: "Lee Speakman" <delta@net.ie.niigata-u.ac.jp>, "Ulrich Herberg" <ulrich.herberg@polytechnique.edu>
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Cc: mase <mase@ie.niigata-u.ac.jp>, manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] New draft: "Routing Loop Issue in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)"
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> An LLN only occurs on the failure of a unicast data packet to be 
> forwarded from one node to the next.

Note that this is not a specification of OLSRv2. OLSRv2 specifies
that if you have link layer information, you can use it. But it
doesn't specify anything about whether to use unicast data packets
or not. Our implementation of OLSR, which uses link layer information
is not specified as you have it above.

I would like to know if this is simply the work previously presented
at the IETF. That work was demonstrably flawed - as could be seen
from the stationary case, and discussions then indicated a poor LLN
approach.

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From philippe.jacquet@inria.fr  Fri May 29 06:20:36 2009
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Cc: manet@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [manet] New draft: "Routing Loop Issue in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)"
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Seems interesting. I remember that with old RFC 3626 we assumed that a 
node which detects a link failure, either by LLN or by hello loss,  
should immediately issue:
1. a hello with lost indication
2. a TC with a new MPR selector set number since one MPR selector is down.
A loop could only happen after the loss detection, during the jitter 
time of notification hellos and/or TC's. Here I don't see how the LLN 
option could bring a significant distortion.

Philippe

Lee Speakman a écrit :
> Dear MANET WG members,
>
> we at Niigata University have implemented and tested the OLSRv2 protocol
> according to a recent draft.
>
> The implementation has been put to use in simulation and real world
> physical nodes.
>
> Simulation under various scenarios indicate that the use of LLN (Link
> Layer Notification) leads to a looping packets becoming a problem in the
> network.
>
> In larger networks where the TTL or Hop Count cannot be kept small, and
> particularly at higher loads, the problem of looping packets become more
> significant.
>
> To this end we put forward an Internet draft available in the following
> link:
>
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-speakman-manet-looping-issue-00.txt
>
>
> We'd be grateful for your consideration and input.
>
>
> Regards,
> Lee Speakman
> Research Center for Natural Hazard and Disaster Recovery, Niigata, Japan
>
> Kenichi Mase
> Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Japan
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> manet mailing list
> manet@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/manet
>
>
>   


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Cc: Lee Speakman <delta@net.ie.niigata-u.ac.jp>
Subject: Re: [manet] New draft: "Routing Loop Issue in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs)"
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Am Dienstag 26 Mai 2009 11:24:50 schrieb Lee Speakman:
> Dear MANET WG members,
>
> we at Niigata University have implemented and tested the OLSRv2 protocol
> according to a recent draft.
>
> The implementation has been put to use in simulation and real world
> physical nodes.
>
> Simulation under various scenarios indicate that the use of LLN (Link
> Layer Notification) leads to a looping packets becoming a problem in the
> network.
>
> In larger networks where the TTL or Hop Count cannot be kept small, and
> particularly at higher loads, the problem of looping packets become more
> significant.
I would be interested in the radio model you used for your simulations.

Henning Rogge


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