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Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2004 06:18:17 +0100
From: Henrik Levkowetz <henrik@levkowetz.com>
To: mip4@ietf.org, mip6@ietf.org
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Subject: [Mip6] Re: [Mip4] REVISED: MIPv4/MIPv6-IPv4/IPv6 interaction bar-bof
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I've gotten a bit of pusback about the early hour of the bar-bof, so the
time has been changed:


REVISED Bar-bof details:

	Monday evening 22:00  - in the seating area outside Emerald.  

Possibly we can use Emerald if more people turn up than the area can
hold.

	Henrik



Wednesday 25 February 2004, Henrik Levkowetz wrote:
> 
> Proposal of a bar-bof
> ---------------------
> 
> With the coming (we hope) of heterogenous deployment of IPv4 and IPv6
> access and transport networks, and Mobile Nodes with MIPv4 and/or MIPv6
> capability and IPv4 and/or IPv6 stacks, the question has been raised
> of how to best run Mobile IP in such circumstances, and some solutions
> has been proposed.  
> 
> The "trivial cases" of MIP4 carrying IPv4 in an all-IPv4 network, and
> MIP6 carrying IPv6 in an all-IPv6 network are covered in the MIPv4 and
> MIPv6 standards.  But by one way of counting, that still leaves about 6
> combinations (14 if you count NAT-PT versions) which may occur in
> practice which are not covered by the current standards.  A number of
> drafts (some mentioned below) has been written, proposing solutions
> to some of these cases.
> 
> Some cases may be handled without any additional MIP work if other
> transition mechanisms such as e.g. ISATAP is available, but as a Mobile
> Node may be expected to come across all conceivable kinds of visited
> networks, it cannot rely on any particular other transition mechanism
> being in place.
> 
> Below is a list of possible combinations of Host IP stack version, MIP
> client/agent version and transport network IP version, followed by a
> short summary of my understanding of where the current and proposed
> solutions fit in.  There exist 8 similar combinations using NAT-PT
> which are not explicitly listed here.
> 
> Which solutions will be needed? Which should we work on?  How much
> interest does this have currently?  
> 
> We plan to hold a bar-bof in Seoul, to see how many show up, and what
> kind of interest there is in this subject.  Place will be announced
> on the lists Monday March 1st, and in the MIP4 and MIP6 sessions.
> 
> 	Henrik
> 
> 
> 
> Table of MIP4/6-IP4/6 combinations:
> ===================================
> 
> #	MN's		MIP		Access	Transpt	Short description
> 	IP-stack	Client		Net	& HA if.	
> ---	--------	------		------	-------	-----------------
> 1	IPv4		MIP v4		IP v4	v4	"native MIPv4"	
> 2	IPv6		  "		  "	v4	"IPv6 in MIPv4"	
> 
> 3	IPv4		MIP v6		  "	v4	"IPv4 in MIPv6 over IPv4"
> 4	IPv6		  "		  "	v4	"MIPv6 over IPv4"
> 
> 5	IPv4		MIP v4		IP v6	v6	"MIPv4 over IPv6"
> 6	IPv6		  "		  "	v6	"IPv6 in MIPv4 over IPv6"
> 
> 7	IPv4		MIP v6		  "	v6	"IPv4 in MIPv6"
> 8	IPv6		  "		  "	v6	"native MIPv6"
> ---	--------	------		------	-------	-----------------
> 
>   Variant 1 is the native IP/MIP combination for v4
> 
>   Variant 2 would be supported by the MIPv4 signalling extensions proposed in
> 	    draft-tsirtsis-v4v6-mipv4-00.txt
> 
>   Variant 5 is known to be supported by an experimental thesis implementation
> 	    and is fairly simple
> 
>   Variant 6 is known to be supported by an experimental thesis implementation
> 	    and is fairly simple
> 
>   Variant 7 would be supported by the MIPv6 signalling extensions proposed in
> 	    draft-soliman-v4v6-mipv4-00.txt
> 
>   Variant 8 is the native IP/MIP combination for v6
> 
> 
> 
> 



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon Mar  1 01:06:00 2004
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To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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Subject: Re: [Mip6] bootstrap problem definition 
In-reply-to: Your message of Sat, 28 Feb 2004 14:26:47 +0200.
             <40408907.7000805@kolumbus.fi> 
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   >  - dynamic home agent address discovery is a security nightmare: I agree
   >    we should not rely on it.
   
   I agree that its a security problem, but its also possible that a future
   protocol would be capable of providing home agent discovery without the
   problems ;-)
   
=> IMHO this future protocol will at least take a long time to appear...

   >  - (3.1.1. Dyn H@ Assignment) dynamically assigned is not the opposite
   >    of statically configurated. And there are known extensions (widely
   >    implemented but not standardized) of IKEv1 to support dynamically
   >    assigned "internal" addresses.
   
   Ok. In IKEv2 this supposed to change, as there will be a standard.
   
=> the draft is clearly about IKEv1 only.

   Once more you have to have policy entries in place.

=> in fact this argument is not true: many IKE implementations support
dynamic policy entries which are built according the negociated
traffic selectors and authorization, or, perhaps even more common,
according the assigned "internal" address of the mobile initiator.
   
   >  - (3.2.1 AAA) Even I agree that IKE should be clearly integrated with
   >    an AAA system your statement that it can work only with certificates
   >    is not true.
   
   Our text is too unclear here. I'm not even myself sure what this sentence
   meant. But I think we can agree on the following:
   
   - It would be desireable to integrate a MIPv6 home agent security
      system with AAA (on an optional basis; end-to-end security should
      still be possible)
   
=> Ok but I don't understand the parenthesis.

   - AAA integration in IKEv1 is generally non-existent or at least
     non-standardized.
   
=> I strongly disagree: all IKEv1 implementations for VPN are integrated
with a AAA system. Don't believe that the market didn't require this!

   - AAA integration in IKEv2 should work at least if EAP authentication
      is used. There's currently no "IKEv2 AAA" application defined, but
      I think RFC 3579 (RADIUS EAP) or draft-ietf-aaa-eap-04.txt (Diameter EAP)
      should work. One caveat: I'm not sure we have defined link layer or
      service type for IPsec gateways anywhere. But that's a small detail.

=> I can look at our local IPsec VPN server. There is a RADIUS interface
but I don't know what it uses (this is a Cisco, it should be proprietary
extensions :-).
   
   >  - (3.2.2 Opp/Local discovery) The idea of using the DNS to get infos
   >    about the home was in a very old message of someone from Digital
   >    in this list (I can grep into my archive to find the reference).
   
   Please do!
   
=> perhaps there is something older but I got:

> Date:    Mon, 10 Apr 2000 09:15:28 -0400
> To:      MOBILE-IP@STANDARDS.NORTELNETWORKS.COM
> From:    "Powell, Ken" <Ken.Powell@COMPAQ.COM>
> Subject: [MOBILE-IP] Mobile IPv6 questions
>...
> Message-ID:  <C99A689B0CB9D111AF3F0000F8062CCD08FB81B3@zkoexc2.zko.dec.com>

   >  - (4. scenarios) The first scenario (no pre-existing relationship)
   >    has a little chance to work with IKEv1 which requires strong
   >    mutual authentication and authorization.
   
   Well, there's always opportunistic IPsec.

=> OE (Opportunistic Encryption) uses DNSSEC to solve this problem.

   But I agree its in
   general unworkable with the combination of MIPv6 and IKE, for
   reasons that we stated in the draft.
   
Thanks

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   We saw an interesting problem occur when we tested MIPv6 with IPsec/IKE:
   when the MN does a L3 move at the start of phase 2 SA negotiation with
   the HA, IKE Quick Mode does not complete.

=> IKE is supposed to recover on timeouts even usually it takes time.

  It may be our problem, it may
   be a spec issue. In any case, it is probably a good MIPv6 interop
   scenario. Please refer to attached packet capture
   "quickModeFailsAfterMove.pcap" which has filtered out everything except
   for the IKE messages.
   
   We saw this issue happen during our testing, because we set the policy
   lifetime (in seconds) to 120 seconds, the phase 1 ISAKMP and phase 2
   IPsec SAs were re-keyed very frequently (every 90 seconds or so). 
   
=> with such aggressive timings you should use very short timeouts too!

   When we tested, we had the MN register with the HA from a foreign link
   (K-bit in BU set to 1), this setup the phase 1 ISAKMP and phase 2 IPsec
   SAs between the MN and HA. Then we had the MN move home. The SAs are
   maintained while the MN is home. Then we had KameCN start a FTP MGET of
   a large file from the MN (MN is FTP server). During this FTP, we had the
   MN move to foreign link. Refer to packet #7 in
   "quickModeFailsAfterMove.pcap", what is happening is that the MN is
   rekeying its phase 2 IPsec SAs (Quick Mode exachange), but it starts
   this *AFTER* it has moved to the foreign link so it is sending these
   from its care-of address 3ffe:ffff::20b:dbff:ffe94:83fc. The HA doesn't
   have any phase 1 ISAKMP SA associated with that care-of address, instead
   it has one associated with the MN's home address 3ffe:aaaa::bbbb (see
   packets #3-5) which was re-keyed while the MN was at home. So, the HA
   doesn't recognize these Quick Mode packets sent by the MN (because it
   hasn't yet received any BU K=1 from the MN); the MN retransmits Quick
   Mode (packets# 8-10) but the HA does not respond. Eventually the MN will
   timeout Quick Mode, and recover by re-keying the phase 1 ISAKMP SA. But,
   this can take a long time (2 minutes or so).
   
=> I can see two problems in your IKE implementation:
 - recovering takes too long time (same order than SA lifetimes)
 - it doesn't detect the address mismatch, i.e., it sees different
   addresses and just drops messages (it should not process them
   blindly but should not simply drop them).

   BTW, we used our own HA-Lite simulator for this testing, because we are
   unaware of any open source MIPv6 HA that supports IPsec/IKE that we can
   use to test against.
   
=> KAME/FreeBSD Mobile IPv6 + racoon can be adapted to HA and they
are open source. IMHO the main issue is the KAME/FreeBSD kernel moves
IPsec SAs and SPDs without a warning to IKE but this can be easily
fixed.

   The BU must be protected using IPsec, so the IKE must complete first
   before it can be sent. It seems that in this scenario the MN should be
   able to use the old phase 2 IPsec SAs it had at home to protect the BU,
   to be able to register with the HA from the foreign link without needing
   to wait for Quick Mode to complete successfully.

=> as this SA pair doesn't move (the initiator selector is the home address)
you should use a long term SA pair and you can use it as soon as it is
established at the first time.

   But, for some reason it
   didn't send the BU to the HA.
   
=> this looks like a bug...

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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Subject: RE: [Mip6] Comments on kempf-mip6-bootstrap
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> > What is the accounting issue? HA should simply collect some
counters,
> > and any centralized accounting server should be able to query HA via
> > SNMP.
> >
> 
> Sure. But it might be cleaner for the HA to be able to issue its own
> accounting records directly into the AAA system, as opposed to using a
> gateway. Fewer moving parts.

There is no 3rd party necessarily in my approach. What you call "AAA
system" is my "centralized accounting server".

> > I think this is a different discussion than what this I-D should be
> > addressing. We should discuss it under another thread.
> >
> 
> OK. But, isn't there a connection? The HA might want to use IKEv2 to
check
> auth/authz for mobility service via the AAA system.

Sure, this is "AAA for Mobile IPv6 service". My point was, there is one
other level of integration, basically bundling "AAA for Mobile IPv6
service" with "AAA for network access service". This is what 3GPP2 did
with Mobile IPv4. 

Alper




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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
cc: mip6@ietf.org, Wassim Haddad <whaddad@tcs.hut.fi>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-haddad-mipv6-omipv6-01.txt 
In-reply-to: Your message of Mon, 01 Mar 2004 05:44:32 +0200.
             <4042B1A0.3050307@kolumbus.fi> 
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   But you mention that your intent is to provide a more secure signaling
   scheme than RR is.

=> in fact OMIPv6 is not more or less secure than the initial mechanism,
RR today or any replacement in the future. OMIPv6 plays with the PBK
trade-off, i.e., narrower window of vulnerability and longer impact
of successful attack. But OMIPv6 is really optimized, i.e., it gives
better performance (a RTT per renew or movement).

   However (and perhaps I'm missing something
   obvious), it seems that the proposed use of Diffie-Hellman has
   security impacts which actually make it less secure than standard
   RR.

=> I disagree: the security level is the same (i.e., it is poor but
this another issue :-).

   My concerns are listed below; after that there are some suggested
   modifications which can make your protocol more secure.
   
   "Kilroy was here first" -attack
   
      If I have understood correctly, in OMIPv6, any change to the binding
      cache must be authenticated via the derived shared secret. It is
      even not possible to rerun RR and OMIPv6 without proving the
      possession of the shared secret.
   
=> this is required because if an RR can be rerun at any time
an attacker who missed the vulnerability window has just to restart
the whole stuff from the beginning. (more about recovery after)

      As a result, once a shared secret is established, it is hard for
      other parties to change the binding. This is normally a positive
      thing,

=> this is and RR should have this: without this you can't even speak
about a vulnerability *window*...

      however, it becomes negative if it happens that the initial
      DH exchange was compromised and is now in control of the binding.
      It can perhaps be argued that this attack is hard, because the
      attacker would have to be both on the mobile node - correspondent
      node and home agent - correspondent node paths.
   
=> this is the trade-off and as a trade-off it has advantages and
disadvantages.

      However, there is another attack, much more serious that can be
      executed easily [draft-aura]. More specifically, an attacker can
      initiate an RR and DH exchange all by himself, without compromising
      any ongoing legitimate exchange. If the attacker does this before
      the mobile node in question has established the binding, the mobile
      node can no longer communicate with the correspondent node at
      all. Moreover, all the communications from the correspondent node
      intended to the mobile node go to a location selected by the
      attacker.
   
=> this is the counter part to be immune to the fake RR attack at
any time, i.e., with current RR when an attacker wants to mess
communications between a mobile node and a correspondent it can
initiate a new RR and redirect the traffic to the hell. The only
defense for the mobile node, in the case it understands what's happen,
is to enter in a race with the attacker.

      In order to execute this attack, one needs to defeat the RR
      protocol.

=> if your hidden argument is that OMIPv6 is more interesting with
a stronger mechanism than RR I agree...

      But this only requires presence on the path from the home
      agent to the correspondent node. It is not an issue in RR, since
      nodes that are on that path can perform equally bad attacks anyway
      and RR limits the vulnerability by requiring that the attack is all
      the time on this path. With OMIPv6, the attacker would no longer
      need to be on the path permanently, only once.
   
=> this is *again* the trade-off... And if you'd like to use
shorter lifetime for OMIPv6 you'll get more vulnerability
windows. Perhaps you'd like to adapt the OMIPv6 lifetime
to the strength of the initial mechanism?

      This attack is particularly dangerous for non-mobile nodes.
      One would normally not assume that hosts without Mobile IPv6
      support are vulnerable to problems in Mobile IPv6.

=> so one should bann RR which has this unfortunate property.

      However,
      when the correspondent node supports OMIPv6, an attacker who
      is at least temporarily on the path between the victim and the
      correspondent node can now cause the victim's traffic to
      be permanently redirected (the attacker may have to refresh

=> s/permanently/for a longer time/

      the binding now and then, but he no longer has to be on
      the path). For instance, an attacker who temporarily visits
      an office Wireless LAN could set up an OMIPv6-protected binding
      at www.cnn.com for the office proxy server. As a result, all
      communications between the proxy server and the www server
      would fail.
   
=> the attack is harder but has when it successful a longer impact...

      This vulnerability is serious, because a temporary problem expands
      into a more permanent problem, and can affect any IPv6 node even
      without Mobile IPv6 support.
   
=> I agree for the first statement (with something weaker than permanent)
but not for the second which already stands for RR.

   "Recovery mechanism" -attack
   
      Nodes can reboot and forget their state,

=> IMHO the best is to use stable storage because I don't want to
require longer reboot delays (:-). Note that there are some protocols
to solve this problem, even with very weak assumptions as in RR.

      or get an address that someone else was using a while ago.

=> mobile nodes are supposed to delete previous bindings so
there is another condition for this case which is already
so unlikely that IMHO it should happen only during attacks.

      As discussed in [draft-aura], it
      is necessary to have a recovery mechanism. In essence, such recovery
      mechanism should be able to undo an OMIPv6-protected binding.  For
      instance, a persistent ICMP error could lead to the correspondent
      node into believing that the binding is invalid.
   
=> the example is just to give a very poor mechanism, isn't it? (:-)

      Unfortunately, such recovery mechanisms can be exploited by attackers,
      making it possible to undo a legitimately created OMIPv6-protected
      binding, and create a new one in place (for instance in the method
      discussed in the previous section).
   
=> so any weak recovery mechanism should be associated with an hold-down,
i.e., the correspondent must forbid the creation of a new binding
via a restart of the whole stuff during a reasonable delay.
There is no hold-down in Mobile IPv6, perhaps we should add this
in order to mitigate some attacks?

      OMIPv6 is currently missing a recovery mechanism, however.  Perhaps
      it can be designed in a way that there is no attack.
   
=> I propose stable storage when it is possible for the mobile node
side and hold-down  against restarts when a binding is detected as
being broken for the correspondent node side.

   Summary
   
   While the first attack described above is similar to the one that
   exists in RR, its results are worse than in OMIPv6.

=> worse results/harder attacks

   Findings in
   [draft-aura] make it hard to see an easy way to fix this; basically a
   "leap-of-faith" or PBK like approach does not sound suitable for the
   RO problem, even if they can be successfully used in, e.g.,
   application layer protocols.

=> please note that PBKs were introduced in the RO context so
this is your personal opinion only.

   The basic problem is that there is no
   user confirmation about making the leap of faith, leading to the
   possibility of the attacker doing the operation before you.
   
=> and the basic advantage is the attacker has to be before you.

   Then again, I could be missing something. Let me know what.
   
   Possible suggestions on how to improve the security of your
   approach:
   
   - In [draft-roe] we proposed a scheme that incorporated Diffie-Hellman
      which did not rely _just_ on the RR as its initial authentication.

=> OMIPv6 doesn't rely just on RR, it just uses what is available
which is RR today.

      Instead, it used a combination of RR and CGA tests. I don't remember

=> please either give a free license for CGAs to everybody or
avoid to use them.

      if we actually eliminated all but the first home test messages; it
      seems that at least some optimization is possible there even if we
      didn't do in the draft.
   
=> this is well known that stronger mechanisms than RR exist but:
 - some of them already provide long term protection
 - none is standardized for RO.

      I think we are going to need something like this, maybe not exactly
      the same proposal, but something better than RR if the Kbm is to be
      made more permanent.
   
=> see before. And with the stronger proposed mechanism, IPsec, the
lifetime can be unbound (still less than permanent :-).

   - While avoiding security infrastructure and configuration is indeed
      very much desired, I would note that a DH authenticated by a
      pre-configured shared key between the home agent (or mobile node)
      and correspondent node would NOT be vulnerable to issues that I
      described above.
   
=> with a pre-configured shared secret between the mobile node and
the correspondent node there is no reason not to jump to IPsec.
About the home agent I'd like to see a reason to trust it more
than somebody else...

      Similarly, AAA could be used to authenticate the D-H somehow. I
      think this is what [draft-le] did.
   
=> an AAA infrastructure covering the mobile and correspondent nodes
is a very strong assumption. And in this case you can again jump
to IPsec...

   - If RR as initial authentication for D-H is deemed sufficient, there
      would be simpler protocols that would accomplish what you want to
      do. As you know, unauthenticated Diffie-Hellman is vulnerable to
      MiTM attacks by active attackers.

=> this is why OMIPv6 is using another mechanism to provide authentication.
Today it is RR so OMIPv6 is as good/poor as RR.

      It seems that this holds true of
      RR itself as well; nothing is gained by attackers who just
      eavesdrop; they have to at least send the Binding Update.

=> yes, RR is not so poor! (:-)

      So, if RR as initial authentication was deemed sufficient, it would
      seem that simply using RR-derived Kbm as the long-term key would
      be sufficient, and no D-H would be needed.
   
=> (assuming you are not joking) D-H has stronger security properties,
for instance the shared secret can't be computed from messages so
you have PFS and even more...

   - I won't comment here about skipping care-of address tests as there
      are other threads in this mailing list about that.  But I think
      something along the lines of draft-vogt sounds promising to reduce
      the signaling delays related to care-of address tests.
   
=> someone proposed to add a *delayed* binding complete message to
OMIPv6. Perhaps this will make you happy... BTW this adds no real
security too.

   Some other notes:
   
    > and a correspondent node (CN). Such mode is efficient, but it
    > raises many security concerns and generates an excessive amount
    > of redundant mobility signaling messages.
   
   As I have said before on the list in other contexts, IMHO it would be
   good if people who feel there are significant issues would document
   these issues and make it possible for the rest of us to review the
   findings. Existing analysis in e.g. draft-nikander and in the old
   design team notes points to very similar risks that exist for
   on-path attackers anyway.
   
=> direct reflection attacks are easier than (mis)using mobile IPv6 RO
and there are still some people which are afraid when you'd like to
remove/delayed/etc the care-of test... (:-)

    > long shared secret
   
   Hmm... I think the length is not the issue here. Generally in
   cryptography we feel relatively safe after a certain key length.
   In base MIPv6, this is 20 octets for the Kbm. I don't think we
   need more.
   
=> there are two reasons to be long:
 - long enough to be immune to the brute force attack
 - each time you use a secret you reveal something about it, i.e.,
   you consume its entropy. The 20 octets of the Kbm are used
   in a very small number of times, this is not the case for
   the Kabm even IMHO you should not have to refresh it (by
   a new D-H exchange signed by the previous Kabm).

   What may be more relevant, however, is *how* you get those
   key octets

=> I don't believe there can be an issue about this.

   and how much security that procedure offers.

=> this is the point. As I explain at the beginning IMHO the
security of the initial mechanism (RR currently) and OMIPv6
are exactly the same from the authentication point of view.

    > In order to reduce the handover latency, the MN will send the
    > BU on the direct path immediately after receiving a BA message
    > from its HA. Note that the MN MAY duplicate the BU message and
    > send a copy on the path going via its HA. Only one copy is
    > enough to update the CN's binding cache entry. In this case,
    > the BU sent via the HA MUST have the same sequence number than
    > the one sent via the direct path.
   
   I didn't quite get this. If the sequence numbers are the same,
   won't the other BU be dropped. Why would then want to send two?
   Can you explain?
   
=> two paths are available, the same BU is sent over both paths,
one should win the race and update the binding, the other one should
arrive after and will be dropped as it is recognized as a dupplicate.
There are two advantages:
 - resulting delay is the min of both path delays
 - there is a lower chance that both BUs are lost (maths show
   that the lost probability for both is between the min and
   the product of individual lost probabilities).
My rationale is one should use all the possible paths when they are
in a reasonable number and likely to be reasonably independent.

   References
   
=> A URL to an "all I-D" repository (like watersprings) and the "expired"
mention are enough.

   [draft-le] draft-le-mobileip-dh-01.txt, expired
   
=> I can send it to you (I keep Frank's draft because he was a
student of my school :-).

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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From: "NJEDJOU Eric FTRD/DMR/REN" <eric.njedjou@francetelecom.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "Stefan Aust" <aust@comnets.uni-bremen.de>,
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Subject: [Mip6] RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND
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Pekka,
The problem with MIP6 movement detection handover optimizations (see =
http://www.ietf.ord/I-D/draft-daniel-mip6-optimized-vertical-handover-00.=
txt for another draft) is that it is being considered out of scope for =
DNA because of the mobile IPv6 issue raised and out of scope for MIP6 =
because of the link triggers that has to be taken into account. =
Actually, it is within the scope of both as=20

DNA -link triggers/hints that will be catalogued/standardized within DNA =
will also be used for Mobile IPv6 optimised movement detection. Other =
ones may be needed for this specific purpose. Better detecting network =
attchment/detachment is a requirement for Mobile IPv6 better performance =
movement detection and handover. These issues are therefore strongly =
linked.=20

MIP6 -Optimized movement detection an handover schemes are essenttial =
for base Mobile IPv6 Operation, which means, the protocol operation =
needs exploiting L2 triggers/hints. And  MIPv6 implementors use L2 =
triggers/hints in a confusing way, if not at all.

We could be ping-ponging betwwen these two groups for years.
Eric

-----Message d'origine-----
De : owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au =
[mailto:owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au] De la part de Pekka =
Nikander
Envoy=E9 : lundi 1 mars 2004 02:21
=C0 : Stefan Aust
Cc : Carmelita G=F6rg; Niko A. Fikouras; Cornel Pampu; Dna; Greg Daley
Objet : Re: [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND


Stefan,

> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-iponair-dna-polimand-01.txt

I had a quick look at this draft.  It is certainly interesting, but =
looking at our current charter, it seems to be out of scope. Hence, I =
would suggest you to consider continuing this work somewhere else, =
perhaps in the outskirts of the mobopts RG or the mip6 wg.  There may be =
some aspects that, in the end of the day, are relevant to DNA, but they =
should be separate from the mobile IP specific considerations.

--Pekka


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Subject: RE: [Mip6] MIPv6 issue (IPsec/IKE interaction) 
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Francis -

Thanks for your feedback.

> => with such aggressive timings you should use very short 
> timeouts too!

We think a 15 second timeout is appropriate for an embedded systems
implementation.

> => I can see two problems in your IKE implementation:
>  - recovering takes too long time (same order than SA lifetimes)
>  - it doesn't detect the address mismatch, i.e., it sees different
>    addresses and just drops messages (it should not process them
>    blindly but should not simply drop them).

We made a change to have the receiver IKE (HA, in this case) to have it
rekey the phase 1 ISAKMP SAs when it detects the address mismatch.

> => KAME/FreeBSD Mobile IPv6 + racoon can be adapted to HA and they
> are open source. IMHO the main issue is the KAME/FreeBSD kernel moves
> IPsec SAs and SPDs without a warning to IKE but this can be easily
> fixed.

Please provide more detail about "can be easily fixed". We would like to
use this configuration in our MIPv6 testbed to test MIPv6 with IKE, if
it isn't too difficult to setup.

Thanks.
- Ed

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Date: Tue, 02 Mar 2004 00:19:14 +0900
From: Gregory Daley <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
To: NJEDJOU Eric FTRD/DMR/REN <eric.njedjou@francetelecom.com>
Cc: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        Stefan Aust <aust@comnets.uni-bremen.de>, basavaraj.patil@nokia.com,
        =?iso-8859-1?Q?Carmelita_G=F6rg?= <cg@comnets.uni-bremen.de>,
        "Niko A.  Fikouras" <niko@comnets.uni-bremen.de>,
        Cornel Pampu <cornel.pampu@siemens.com>, Dna <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>, mip6@ietf.org
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Subject: [Mip6] Re: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND
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Hi,

I know that this has been cross posted, so I'll
respond to both lists, but perhaps we can talk about
specific issues in the individual mailing lists
subsequently.  I'd suggest DNA, unless the MIP6
chairs wish to respond.

If we need to discuss needs more generally for 
multiple interface configuration procedures or
vertical handoff, it may be useful to take it up 
with the chairs of either or both WGs (depending
on the circumstances).

Please see my take below.
----- Original Message -----
From: NJEDJOU Eric FTRD/DMR/REN <eric.njedjou@francetelecom.com>
Date: Monday, March 1, 2004 9:51 pm
Subject: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND

> Pekka,
> The problem with MIP6 movement detection handover optimizations 
> (see http://www.ietf.ord/I-D/draft-daniel-mip6-optimized-vertical-
> handover-00.txt for another draft) is that it is being considered 
> out of scope for DNA because of the mobile IPv6 issue raised and 
> out of scope for MIP6 because of the link triggers that has to be 
> taken into account. Actually, it is within the scope of both as 

I'd guess while this is frustrating, it's largely a statement 
of fact.

Please inform me of any incorrect statements I make, since
there may be subtlties I miss in the drafts.

While the drafts being discussed are principally interested in
handling multiple connectivity scenarios associated with 
wireless networks, neither MIPv6 (regarding Link hints) or
DNA (Discussing global signalling) are currently chartered to 
work on these topics.

It is indeed possible that the combination of the techniques
is seen as the stumbling block by both groups.

For example, if indeed it is necessary to provide vertical
handover support for MIPv6, is it strictly necessary to talk
about link layer interactions (polimand may talk about policy instead,
Of course, it is always hard to standardize policy).

Whether a document looking at multiple interface connectivity
for MIPv6 would be useful or not (or whether there's much difference
except the movement detection algorithm) I don't know.

Particularly for DNA, we can't really discuss handovers,
considering that this term principally refers to session
restoration or continuation using mobility protocols.

DNA is looking basically at signalling using mechanisms 
within the local link only.  Any reference to other
protocols (except in a confined way) can make documents
look like they're (for example) MIP specific.

If there's a difference in the configuration detection
procedures when a host has multiple interfaces, that may be
different.

For example, a host may wish to wait passively for router
advertisements on the GPRS interface (testing reachability
when the host switches connections to that interface), and
probes fairly aggressively on a WLAN interface.

Any decision or action based on this the configuration detection
is starting to push into uncomfortable areas as far as DNA's tight
charter  is concerned.  Perhaps this is analogous to the reasoning
used in MIP6?

> DNA -link triggers/hints that will be catalogued/standardized 
> within DNA will also be used for Mobile IPv6 optimised movement 
> detection. Other ones may be needed for this specific purpose. 
> Better detecting network attchment/detachment is a requirement for 
> Mobile IPv6 better performance movement detection and handover. 
> These issues are therefore strongly linked. 

I think we have to be particularly careful about the word
standardized in the previous paragraph.
There's already been some out-of-band feedback to DNA that we
should avoid delving into standardization of L2 oriented
mechanisms.

> MIP6 -Optimized movement detection an handover schemes are 
> essenttial for base Mobile IPv6 Operation, which means, the 
> protocol operation needs exploiting L2 triggers/hints. And  MIPv6 
> implementors use L2 triggers/hints in a confusing way, if not at all.

While the usage of hints may be unavoidable in some DNA schemes, 
there will still be some systems where it is not possible to 
the the kind of hints you desire.  It would be short-sighted to 
design systems which only work if information from the link-layer
is reliable and available. 

> We could be ping-ponging betwwen these two groups for years.

I really hope not, but MOBOPTS isn't necessarily a place for 
killing ideas off to (no matter what some people say!).   
Our research team has (voluntarily!) submitted some ideas there
for further discussion recently and gotten useful feedback.

I don't even mind if people winnow their existing work down to
a problem statement which is DNA centric.
It may be that there's a chance that we'd think it out-of-scope
anyway, but that's because the WG scope is very narrow.

If the work is clear input into one of the documents on the DNA
charter, that may change things.

We're only likely to produce 4 documents this year (optimistically).
so focussing on how the vertical handover/polimand work can
directly help those is more immediately useful.

As Pekka said, this may mean leaving MIPv6 specific parts to
MIP6WG or MOBOPTS.
 
Greg


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Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2004 23:18:02 -0800 (PST)
From: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
Reply-To: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-ohnishi-mip6-aaa-problem-statement-00.txt
To: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
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        Hiroyuki OHNISHI <ohnishi.hiroyuki@lab.ntt.co.jp>,
        Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>, mip6@ietf.org
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> Mobile IP has certain fixed per node costs in terms of signaling that are
> definitely not there for a node that gets a lease on its DHCP address and
> hangs on to it until the lease expires. That would be the justification for
> charging more.

Presumably an operator could bill per byte/packet which would include
the mobile IP signalling packets.
Presumably an operator could also bill for each DHCP address lease
where a mobile moving around might get many short leases.

Neither of those requires any knowledge that the node uses mobile IP.

> Like I said, people's opinions about whether or not this is desirable can
> vary. :-) But I don't think the IETF should be engineering the protocol to
> favor one business model over another (see draft-iab-e2e-futures-txt for a
> discussion of tussles and how standards should work in the face of them). So
> far, I don't see anything in the protocol that does.

I don't think the debate was about designing the protocol to prohibit
a business model. Instead the discussion is about whether the protocol
should be made to explicitly support a particular business model.

One can draw parallels with ESP; you can argue that ESP prohibits a
business model where rates is different for UDP and TCP packets since
the protocol and port numbers are encrypted.
My understanding is that the arguments to change ESP to not encrypt
these didn't get a favorable reception when this was discussed a while
back.

  Erik


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> One can draw parallels with ESP; you can argue that ESP prohibits a
> business model where rates is different for UDP and TCP packets since
> the protocol and port numbers are encrypted.
> My understanding is that the arguments to change ESP to not encrypt
> these didn't get a favorable reception when this was discussed a while
> back.
>

Ack. But an ISP can bill specifically for ESP traffic, separately from what
would be billed for other services.

            jak


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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-ohnishi-mip6-aaa-problem-statement-00.txt
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On Mon, Mar 01, 2004 at 11:29:02PM -0800, James Kempf wrote:
> > One can draw parallels with ESP; you can argue that ESP prohibits a
> > business model where rates is different for UDP and TCP packets since
> > the protocol and port numbers are encrypted.
> > My understanding is that the arguments to change ESP to not encrypt
> > these didn't get a favorable reception when this was discussed a while
> > back.
> >
> 
> Ack. But an ISP can bill specifically for ESP traffic, separately from what
> would be billed for other services.

That is ok, as long as the billing is as a result of "AAA for network access", 
and it does not require "AAA for ESP traffic".

Yoshihiro Ohba

> 
>             jak
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Mip6 mailing list
> Mip6@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6

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Subject: [Mip6] AW: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND
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Dear Greg,
dear all.

Thank you very much for your comments regarding the draft. We hope that
we can support the current work items in the DNA WG with our draft=20
submission and we are grateful for the ongoing discussion concerning =
L2/L3=20
interaction.=20

However, in this draft it is described how the interaction of L2/L3 can =
be
used to establish handovers based on a policy. We will think about to =
extend

this draft in a way that is more independent of MIP. Proactive handover=20
decision can be appropiate to force Neighbor Discovery/Neighbor
Unreachability Detection=20
for DNA, for instance. However, we think that it might be important to
inform the MN=20
on the fastest way that the MN will change its point of attachment. The
first=20
implementation of POLIMAND has shown that lossless handovers can be =
provided
by using=20
L2 information for vertical handovers in overlay networks.

Kind regards,
Stefan


> -----Urspr=FCngliche Nachricht-----
> Von: owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au=20
> [mailto:owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au] Im Auftrag von=20
> Gregory Daley
> Gesendet: Montag, 1. M=E4rz 2004 16:19
> An: NJEDJOU Eric FTRD/DMR/REN
> Cc: Pekka Nikander; Stefan Aust; basavaraj.patil@nokia.com;=20
> Carmelita G=F6rg; Niko A. Fikouras; Cornel Pampu; Dna; Greg=20
> Daley; mip6@ietf.org
> Betreff: Re: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND
>=20
>=20
> Hi,
>=20
> I know that this has been cross posted, so I'll
> respond to both lists, but perhaps we can talk about
> specific issues in the individual mailing lists
> subsequently.  I'd suggest DNA, unless the MIP6
> chairs wish to respond.
>=20
> If we need to discuss needs more generally for=20
> multiple interface configuration procedures or
> vertical handoff, it may be useful to take it up=20
> with the chairs of either or both WGs (depending
> on the circumstances).
>=20
> Please see my take below.
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: NJEDJOU Eric FTRD/DMR/REN <eric.njedjou@francetelecom.com>
> Date: Monday, March 1, 2004 9:51 pm
> Subject: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND
>=20
> > Pekka,
> > The problem with MIP6 movement detection handover optimizations
> > (see http://www.ietf.ord/I-D/draft-daniel-mip6-optimized-vertical-
> > handover-00.txt for another draft) is that it is being considered=20
> > out of scope for DNA because of the mobile IPv6 issue raised and=20
> > out of scope for MIP6 because of the link triggers that has to be=20
> > taken into account. Actually, it is within the scope of both as=20
>=20
> I'd guess while this is frustrating, it's largely a statement=20
> of fact.
>=20
> Please inform me of any incorrect statements I make, since=20
> there may be subtlties I miss in the drafts.
>=20
> While the drafts being discussed are principally interested=20
> in handling multiple connectivity scenarios associated with=20
> wireless networks, neither MIPv6 (regarding Link hints) or
> DNA (Discussing global signalling) are currently chartered to=20
> work on these topics.
>=20
> It is indeed possible that the combination of the techniques
> is seen as the stumbling block by both groups.
>=20
> For example, if indeed it is necessary to provide vertical=20
> handover support for MIPv6, is it strictly necessary to talk=20
> about link layer interactions (polimand may talk about policy=20
> instead, Of course, it is always hard to standardize policy).
>=20
> Whether a document looking at multiple interface connectivity=20
> for MIPv6 would be useful or not (or whether there's much=20
> difference except the movement detection algorithm) I don't know.
>=20
> Particularly for DNA, we can't really discuss handovers,=20
> considering that this term principally refers to session=20
> restoration or continuation using mobility protocols.
>=20
> DNA is looking basically at signalling using mechanisms=20
> within the local link only.  Any reference to other
> protocols (except in a confined way) can make documents
> look like they're (for example) MIP specific.
>=20
> If there's a difference in the configuration detection=20
> procedures when a host has multiple interfaces, that may be different.
>=20
> For example, a host may wish to wait passively for router=20
> advertisements on the GPRS interface (testing reachability=20
> when the host switches connections to that interface), and=20
> probes fairly aggressively on a WLAN interface.
>=20
> Any decision or action based on this the configuration=20
> detection is starting to push into uncomfortable areas as far=20
> as DNA's tight charter  is concerned.  Perhaps this is=20
> analogous to the reasoning used in MIP6?
>=20
> > DNA -link triggers/hints that will be catalogued/standardized
> > within DNA will also be used for Mobile IPv6 optimised movement=20
> > detection. Other ones may be needed for this specific purpose.=20
> > Better detecting network attchment/detachment is a requirement for=20
> > Mobile IPv6 better performance movement detection and handover.=20
> > These issues are therefore strongly linked.=20
>=20
> I think we have to be particularly careful about the word=20
> standardized in the previous paragraph. There's already been=20
> some out-of-band feedback to DNA that we should avoid delving=20
> into standardization of L2 oriented mechanisms.
>=20
> > MIP6 -Optimized movement detection an handover schemes are
> > essenttial for base Mobile IPv6 Operation, which means, the=20
> > protocol operation needs exploiting L2 triggers/hints. And  MIPv6=20
> > implementors use L2 triggers/hints in a confusing way, if=20
> not at all.
>=20
> While the usage of hints may be unavoidable in some DNA schemes,=20
> there will still be some systems where it is not possible to=20
> the the kind of hints you desire.  It would be short-sighted to=20
> design systems which only work if information from the=20
> link-layer is reliable and available.=20
>=20
> > We could be ping-ponging betwwen these two groups for years.
>=20
> I really hope not, but MOBOPTS isn't necessarily a place for=20
> killing ideas off to (no matter what some people say!).  =20
> Our research team has (voluntarily!) submitted some ideas=20
> there for further discussion recently and gotten useful feedback.
>=20
> I don't even mind if people winnow their existing work down=20
> to a problem statement which is DNA centric. It may be that=20
> there's a chance that we'd think it out-of-scope anyway, but=20
> that's because the WG scope is very narrow.
>=20
> If the work is clear input into one of the documents on the=20
> DNA charter, that may change things.
>=20
> We're only likely to produce 4 documents this year=20
> (optimistically). so focussing on how the vertical=20
> handover/polimand work can directly help those is more=20
> immediately useful.
>=20
> As Pekka said, this may mean leaving MIPv6 specific parts to=20
> MIP6WG or MOBOPTS.
> =20
> Greg
>=20


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Hi Jari!

> I already sent some comments earlier, but I reread this draft
> prior to the meeting. Here are some additional comments. Overall
> I find your draft quite promising. There's probably a need to
> change the approach to byte counts rather than fixed time
> limits, as dicussed earlier.

You are referring to the following question: How can a correspondent
node (CN) know how much data it may sent to a "good" mobile node's
(MN's) new care-of address (CoA), while that CoA is being verified
by a concurrent CoA test, without allowing a malicious node to misuse
the concurrent CoA test for a flooding attack. And yes, the 3-seconds
time limit on the concurrent CoA test, which we proposed in version
-00 of the [2], does not solve the problem for two reasons.

The first reason is the one you mentioned in an earlier email: The
amount of data a CN may send within three seconds can be arbitrarily
high. It is only limited by the pipe between the CN and the target IP
address. A second reason is that a 3-seconds time limit alone does not
prevent a malicious node from continually refreshing a tentative
CoA registration.

It might seem to be an obvious approach to replace the 3-seconds time
limit by a constant byte (or packet) limit. A constant byte limit would
bound the data volume that a CN may send to a yet-to-be-verified
CoA. But a constant byte limit has a similar shortfall than the
constant time time limit proposed in [2], namely: Whatever limit is
chosen, it might still allow for a flooding attack against a node at a
narrow link.

This observation led us to the idea of balancing the data volume that a
CN can send to an "unconfirmed" CoA of a MN with the data volume
that the CN has earlier sent to a "confirmed" CoA of the same MN. With
"unconfirmed" CoA I mean a CoA for which a concurrent CoA test is still
ongoing. With "confirmed" CoA I mean a CoA for which the CN has
obtained assurance, through a CoA test, that the MN is indeed reachable
at that CoA. We called this approach "Credit-Based Authorization",
meaning that a MN must collect some "credit" (in terms of data volume)
before it can do a concurrent CoA test.

In an email, you suggest using the data volume originated *by the MN*,
and sent to the CN, as the counter-balance to what the CN may sent to a
yet-to-be-verified CoA of the MN. Yes, this is a good idea. As
discussed during our conversation after yesterday's MIP6 session,
one should probably use both types of traffic, which would also allow
for applications with asymmetric data flows. 

> However, if as suggested you would change the approach to
> specifically take this into account, this would no longer be a
> problem. Basically, a CN would agree to send out at most X bytes
> of traffic while in the tentative state, where X is, say, 10 % of
> the bytes sent by the MN during the last few minutes. This would
> result in the attacker (mobile node) having to send at least 100
> bytes to get just 10 bytes to the attacker, clearly less than the
> 1-1 reflection simply using TCP SYNs. Still, the 10% is more than
> enough to transfer the data needed until the care-of test answer
> arrives: if you have a constant data rate, 10% of data sent during
> three minutes gives you 18 s to complete the care-of address test.
> 
> If you exceed X, you move the stream back to the home address.

We are currently working on version -01 of [2] in which we specify
Credit-Based Authorization, but we did not finish the new version
in time for this IETF meeting. I do have a slide on Credit-Based
Authorization, which I will show during my presentation of Early
Binding Updates at the MOBOPTS session on Wednesday afternoon, 
provided there is sufficient time. (It is only a 10-minutes
presentation.)

> If this draft goes further, it might make sense to separate
> the home address and care-of address optimizations. That is,
> you could have one draft that explains how the home address
> tests can be initiated before handover takes place. Or would
> this be considered too simple for a draft?... I don't know.

One argument that might be against separating Early Binding Update I-D
is that, in Mobile IPv6, a MN may already do a home-address (HoA) test
whenever it whishes. Though the MIPv6 specification suggest to do the
HoA test after a handover, a MN may also do it before the handover
without violating the protocol specification. In fact, a HoA test can
be done at any time as long as the Home Keygen Token retrieved from it
is not expired when eventually used for Binding Update message
authentication. Nonetheless, I think that splitting the I-D is an
excellent idea, because both the early HoA test as well as the
concurrent CoA test require additional commentary. As far as the HoA
test goes, I may just cite your previous email:

> Perhaps the separate draft that I suggested makes sense, because
> you would also have to describe the exception that you talk about
> in the above [...]

...namely having the MN do a HoA test even when it is at home. As far
as the CoA test goes, there is this credit-based authorization method
which will be specified in version -01 of [2]. Certainly, splitting
the I-D into two separate I-Ds would make both of them easier to read.

> Maybe the byte count scheme could be called the "Adaptive
> Amplification Attack Prevention" (AAAP) or "Attack Cost
> War for Amplification" (ACWA).

We called it "Credit-Based Authorization" for now. It does not sound
too spectacular, I admit. "Counter-Balance-Based Egress Monitoring
could be another alternative.

> Hmm... I wonder if this has been described anywhere else.
> Seems like a rather general scheme. But maybe not, as it
> only makes sense in movements. Write a paper somewhere on this,
> interested?

Credit-Based Authorization is definitely an important topic per se
and needs dedicated consideration. And yes, we intend to elaborate
further on this topic. Writing a paper is an excellent idea!

The following comments are not related to Credit-Based Authorization.

> Maybe with some simulation data should be included, and rules
> to tell when it makes sense: delay at movement vs. potentially
> unnecessary messaging if we didn't move after all.

You are right. Simulation analyses are still on our to-do list.

> Presumably you could do an EBU as soon as you receive the Home Test
> message. I think this would simplify your state machine.

I agree. This is true. When writing this I-D, we thought from an
implementor's perspective: An Early-Binding-Update-enabled MN would
probably implement standard binding updates as well, and that code
could just be re-used here. But, you are right: The state machine gets
simpler if Early Binding Updates are used in all situations.

Jari, I appreciate your detailed comments on Early Binding Updates.

Best regards,


- Christian


[1]
http://www.arkko.com/publications/draft-aura-mipv6-bu-attacks-01.txt
[2]
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00.txt


|
| Christian Vogt
| Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe
| www.tm.uka.de/~chvogt/
|


Quoting Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>:

> I already sent some comments earlier, but I reread this draft
> prior to the meeting. Here are some additional comments. Overall
> I find your draft quite promising. There's probably a need to
> change the approach to byte counts rather than fixed time
> limits, as dicussed earlier.
> 
> > We propose a modified binding-update procedure that
> > evades the latency of both address tests.
> 
> If this draft goes further, it might make sense to separate
> the home address and care-of address optimizations. That is,
> you could have one draft that explains how the home address
> tests can be initiated before handover takes place. Or would
> this be considered too simple for a draft?... I don't know.
> Maybe with some simulation data should be included, and rules
> to tell when it makes sense: delay at movement vs. potentially
> unnecessary messaging if we didn't move after all. Anyway,
> this part of the optimization would work well with any other
> optimization scheme as well, not just the care-of-test-less
> early binding updates. Or without any other optimization.
> 
> > before changing its point of network attachment. At home, the
> > mobile node does not use Mobile IPv6. It hence does not run a
> > home-address test, and it does not acquire a Home Keygen 
> > Token, before it moves to a foreign link. Also, when the 
> > mobile node powers on at a foreign
> 
> I don't see a reason why the predictive home test strategy
> wouldn't work even in this case. In either case, you have to have
> some ability to "guess" that you will be moving soon, or otherwise
> you'll just be doing some extra signaling.
> 
> > One may consider letting the mobile node perform a home-address
> > test even while being at home. This could accelerate handovers
> > from the home link to a foreign link. The Home Test Init and 
> > Home Test messages would continue to obey to the rules defined
> > in sections 9.4 and 11.6 of [1], except that they would not have
> > to be tunneled between the mobile node and its home agent.
> 
> This is true. But if you are going to adopt predictive home tests,
> I would apply them even to the home case.
> 
> Perhaps the separate draft that I suggested makes sense, because
> you would also have to describe the exception that you talk about
> in the above.
> 
> > These observations lead to the following exception: When a mobile
> > node wants to register a new care-of address with a correspondent
> > node, and the mobile node does not yet know a valid Home Keygen
> > Token, the mobile node runs a standard binding update instead of
> > an Early Binding Update. When the standard binding update is
> > complete, the mobile node can communicate through its new care-of
> > address. The
> 
> Presumably you could do an EBU as soon as you receive the Home
> Test message. I think this would simplify your state machine.
> 
> > test. We claim that testing the mobile node's reachability at
> > its new care-of address may also be done at (3). Data trans-
> > mission to and from the new care-of address may wait or, as
> > with Early Binding Updates, start with appropriate restrictions
> > until the mobile node has provided proof to the correspondent
> > node that it is reachable at its new care-of address.
> 
> This is the issue we discussed earlier. As has been stated by
> Francis and others, in the Internet we already (unfortunately,
> since ingress filtering is not ubiquitous) have the possibility
> to spoof source addresses, leading to 1-1 reflection attacks on
> e.g. TCP SYN packets. So 1-1 reflection is not necessarily
> something we need to prevent in Mobile IPv6. Base RR attempts,
> however, to prevent 1-N reflection attacks where you send one
> (or some) packets and get many more packets to the victim's
> network. The basic scenario is tricking someone into opening a
> stream, and moving the stream towards the victim and letting
> the "someone" pump data towards the victim for a while.
> 
> Your -00 draft with the 3 second time limit still has this issue,
> as a CN which supports EBUs could pump 3 seconds of data stream
> to the victim. How serious is this? It depends on the interface
> speed and effort needed to open the particular stream. Lets say
> 10 packets to open the stream and get over the slow start (maybe
> someone can help me with the actual numbers...). If the CN is a
> mobile on a congested GPRS link, there may not be many packets
> sent during the 3 seconds. But if the CN is an idle web server on
> an OC-3 link there could be a lot of packets, particularly since
> the attacker can send some spoofed TCP ACKs, having learned the
> sequence numbers while opening the stream.
> 
> However, if as suggested you would change the approach to
> specifically take this into account, this would no longer be a
> problem. Basically, a CN would agree to send out at most X bytes
> of traffic while in the tentative state, where X is, say, 10 % of
> the bytes sent by the MN during the last few minutes. This would
> result in the attacker (mobile node) having to send at least 100
> bytes to get just 10 bytes to the attacker, clearly less than the
> 1-1 reflection simply using TCP SYNs. Still, the 10% is more than
> enough to transfer the data needed until the care-of test answer
> arrives: if you have a constant data rate, 10% of data sent during
> three minutes gives you 18 s to complete the care-of address test.
> 
> If you exceed X, you move the stream back to the home address.
> 
> The drawback of this scheme is that on the first binding you may
> be unable to do this, even if you had ongoing data transfer with
> the mobile while it was at home. This is because the IP stack would
> not be counting the received bytes.
> The Home Keygen Token and
> 
> > the Care-of Keygen Token are likely to arrive at the mobile node
> > via disjoint paths: The former passes through the mobile node's
> > home agent, the latter does not. An attacker will thus have a
> > hard time to capture both tokens.
> 
> Strictly speaking, this is not the main worry. As documented in [1],
> the attacker is free to choose the care-of path. So I would worry
> more about attackers posing as mobile nodes and doing the RR test
> than attackers being able to eavesdrop on an RR test performed
> by a legitimate node. In order to pose as a mobile node, you need
> to be on the path to the home agent, and your draft does not change
> that so I think you are ok. (Also, if you are on the path to the
> home agent you can do all sorts of other nasty stuff.)
> 
> (You say all this later in the text, but I just wanted to say
> that two paths are not a protection in RR, your method, or other
> methods.)
> 
> > Another way to mitigate the threat of flooding attacks is to
> > grant Early Binding Updates to trusted nodes only. Recall that
> > the
> 
> I wouldn't put too much emphasis on this. However, if we had some
> stronger home test mechanisms (e.g. CGA), you could combine EBUs
> with them, getting more security.
> 
> --Jari





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What you say looks reasonable. I'm just responding to one
issue that probably needs more care than we originally thought
when we talked:

> In an email, you suggest using the data volume originated *by the MN*,
> and sent to the CN, as the counter-balance to what the CN may sent to a
> yet-to-be-verified CoA of the MN. Yes, this is a good idea. As
> discussed during our conversation after yesterday's MIP6 session,
> one should probably use both types of traffic, which would also allow
> for applications with asymmetric data flows. 

This would indeed be desireable. However, you can't really count on
the packets that the CN sends actually being delivered to the MN.
For instance, the MN might be on a slow link, sending fake TCP ACKs
towards the the CN. The CN would be sending data at a high rate, but
most of the packets would be dropped by a router on the path. (This
observation was made by Erik Nordmark.)

But this isn't necessarily a serious limitation, as the long
credit collecting period vs. short care-of test RTT gives you
some maneuvering room. And if you happen to run out of "credit",
the world will not end, it will just work a bit slower...

--Jari


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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
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Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00 
In-reply-to: Your message of Tue, 02 Mar 2004 16:00:55 +0100.
             <1078239654.4044a1a701ae0@mailhost.ira.uka.de> 
Date: Wed, 03 Mar 2004 06:15:06 +0100
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   A second reason is that a 3-seconds time limit alone does not
   prevent a malicious node from continually refreshing a tentative
   CoA registration.
   
=> this can be easily solve by some kind of hold-down mechanism...
In this case IMHO the best is just not to reset the timer on "refresh".

   It might seem to be an obvious approach to replace the 3-seconds time
   limit by a constant byte (or packet) limit. A constant byte limit would
   bound the data volume that a CN may send to a yet-to-be-verified
   CoA. But a constant byte limit has a similar shortfall than the
   constant time time limit proposed in [2], namely: Whatever limit is
   chosen, it might still allow for a flooding attack against a node at a
   narrow link.
   
=> I agree: as the line speed can be between some kbits/s to a hundred
Mbits/s (wireless) or some Gbits/s (wired) you either kill performance
or victims behind a narrow link.

   This observation led us to the idea of balancing the data volume that a
   CN can send to an "unconfirmed" CoA of a MN with the data volume
   that the CN has earlier sent to a "confirmed" CoA of the same MN. With
   "unconfirmed" CoA I mean a CoA for which a concurrent CoA test is still
   ongoing. With "confirmed" CoA I mean a CoA for which the CN has
   obtained assurance, through a CoA test, that the MN is indeed reachable
   at that CoA. We called this approach "Credit-Based Authorization",
   meaning that a MN must collect some "credit" (in terms of data volume)
   before it can do a concurrent CoA test.
   
=> this is very complex and does nothing for a victim behind a narrow
link and an attacker behind a fast link.
   
Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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Date: Wed, 03 Mar 2004 06:04:41 +0000 (GMT)
From: Kyungjoo Suh <joo.suh@samsung.com>
Subject: [Mip6] NEW ID ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
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Hi, 

New draft is available which is Fast multicast protocol.

This document defines the Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6
[2] in the Fast Handovers environments whereby a mobile node (MN)
can receive multicast data with reduced loss and delay after
handoffs. 

Please refer to following document.

sincerely,
Kyungjoo Suh (Joo) 



===================================================================================================

I-D ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To: IETF-Announce: ; 
Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt 
From: Internet-Drafts at ietf.org 
Date: Fri, 06 Feb 2004 15:41:59 -0500 
Reply-to: Internet-Drafts at ietf.org 
Sender: owner-ietf-announce at ietf.org 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.


	Title		: Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6
	Author(s)	: K. Suh
	Filename	: draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
	Pages		: 13
	Date		: 2004-2-6
	
This document defines the Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6
    [2] in the Fast Handovers environments whereby a mobile node (MN)
    can receive multicast data with reduced loss and delay after
    handoffs. The proposed protocol can be implemented by the simple
    modification of the Fast Handovers protocol [1] so that it can be
    easily applied to the Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6. This document
    does not need a certain assumption of a specific multicast routing
    protocol, so that any existing multicast routing protocol can be
    used with the proposed protocol.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt

To remove yourself from the IETF Announcement list, send a message to 
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type "cd internet-drafts" and then
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A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
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From: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
Reply-To: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>,
        Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>, mip6@ietf.org
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> Btw, there is some discussion about this in the mobopts list too.

Sorry for starting things on that list; I hadn't seen the discussion on
this list yet.

> Re: victim behind a narrow link and attacker behind a
> fast link. You are right that this doesn't do anything
> for this case. But isn't this already the case today?
> I mean an attacker behind a fast link can send a zillion
> spoofed TCP SYNs to www.cnn.com and have the responses
> go my GPRS link, which would be hosed. The effort required
> for this would be a sending a zillion packets. To do this
> via early binding updates, you'd need more than a zillion
> packets.

Or alternatively directly flood the victim.
In the case of the BU with a victim as the CoA the victim can
actually tell the attacker's IP address - it is contained in the
Home Address option. 
Thus the direct flood and the BU using the victim as the CoA 
have similar properties:
 - victim can tell the address of the attacker
 - ingress filtering can't prevent the attack since the source address is not
   spoofed

The difference is the limit on bandwidth.

  Erik




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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
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cc: Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>, mip6@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00 
In-reply-to: Your message of Wed, 03 Mar 2004 09:30:05 +0200.
             <4045897D.1000205@kolumbus.fi> 
Date: Wed, 03 Mar 2004 11:42:30 +0100
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   >    ... We called this approach "Credit-Based Authorization",
   >    meaning that a MN must collect some "credit" (in terms of data volume)
   >    before it can do a concurrent CoA test.
   >    
   > => this is very complex and does nothing for a victim behind a narrow
   > link and an attacker behind a fast link.
   
   Lets explore this a little bit.
   
=> just ask implementors... IMHO they don't be happy with this:
a defense against a not-existant attack when ingress filtering is used
(when ingress filtering is not used/effective attackers have simpler and
more efficient ways to bomb you).

   Francis, I presume the credit based scheme must also ensure
   that Alt-CoA is not used, right?

=> any mechanism which does not perform or does delay a care-of address
check has to refuse fake alternate care-of addresses. I argue this is
the only needed care.

   Because if we don't ensure
   that, an attacker that is under ingress filtering could do
   attacks that he previously couldn't. This is because the
   care-of test would have to be done for the claimed address,
   but the care-of test is not needed in the tentative stage.
   
=> we already know that.

   Re: victim behind a narrow link and attacker behind a
   fast link. You are right that this doesn't do anything
   for this case. But isn't this already the case today?

=> so the credit stuff is not useful?

   I mean an attacker behind a fast link can send a zillion
   spoofed TCP SYNs to www.cnn.com and have the responses
   go my GPRS link, which would be hosed.

=> a zillion to www.cnn.com won't work. A zillion to a different
www.<something>.com will work pretty well.

   The effort required
   for this would be a sending a zillion packets.

=> the attacker only needs enough zombies to make the load per zombie
acceptable for zombie connections.

   To do this
   via early binding updates, you'd need more than a zillion
   packets.
   
=> this is not a problem at all today and the reason attackers won't
misuse Mobile IPv6 is they can use plain IPv6 with less effort.

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar  3 06:11:42 2004
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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
To: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
cc: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>, Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>,
        mip6@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00 
In-reply-to: Your message of Wed, 03 Mar 2004 00:06:45 PST.
             <Roam.SIMC.2.0.6.1078301205.28947.nordmark@bebop.france> 
Date: Wed, 03 Mar 2004 12:05:45 +0100
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   Or alternatively directly flood the victim.
   In the case of the BU with a victim as the CoA the victim can
   actually tell the attacker's IP address - it is contained in the
   Home Address option. 
   Thus the direct flood and the BU using the victim as the CoA 
   have similar properties:
    - victim can tell the address of the attacker
    - ingress filtering can't prevent the attack since the source
      address is not spoofed
   
=> I disagree for the second: this is a property of the direct flood,
not of the reflection flood using or not Mobile IPv6.
BTW the standard reflection flood has not the first property
(i.e., victim cannot tell the address of the attacker).

   The difference is the limit on bandwidth.
   
=> which is not effective as the limit is per correspondent and
is relative to the bandwidth of attacker(s).

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00 
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        Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>, mip6@ietf.org
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>    Thus the direct flood and the BU using the victim as the CoA 
>    have similar properties:
>     - victim can tell the address of the attacker
>     - ingress filtering can't prevent the attack since the source
>       address is not spoofed
> 
> => I disagree for the second: this is a property of the direct flood,
> not of the reflection flood using or not Mobile IPv6.
> BTW the standard reflection flood has not the first property
> (i.e., victim cannot tell the address of the attacker).

I agree it isn't the property of the reflection flood (but I didn't talk
about that case.)

With mobile IPv6 with a relaxed/delayed test of the Care-of address
you do have the property that the attackers address is disclosed
to the victim.

With X as attacker, A the victim, B the "server":

X starts a session with B to get B to send a high-bandwith stream
of packets to X.

X then sends a HoTI/HoT to B (no need for CoTI/CoT since the
CoA test is delayed in this case).

X sends a BU to B specifying that the CoA is A.
B starts the CoA test with A, and starts sending the high-bandwidth
stream to A.
	These packets are CN->MN packets thus per the mobile IPv6 specification
	they contain the Home Address option with the value X.

(And X continues to send predicted "acks" to B to ensure that the
high-bandwidth stream continues to flow to A.)

   Erik


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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
To: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
cc: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>, Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>,
        mip6@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00 
In-reply-to: Your message of Wed, 03 Mar 2004 03:37:50 PST.
             <Roam.SIMC.2.0.6.1078313870.18559.nordmark@bebop.france> 
Date: Wed, 03 Mar 2004 13:47:34 +0100
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   >    Thus the direct flood and the BU using the victim as the CoA 
   >    have similar properties:
   >     - victim can tell the address of the attacker
   >     - ingress filtering can't prevent the attack since the source
   >       address is not spoofed
   > 
   > => I disagree for the second: this is a property of the direct flood,
   > not of the reflection flood using or not Mobile IPv6.
   > BTW the standard reflection flood has not the first property
   > (i.e., victim cannot tell the address of the attacker).
   
   I agree it isn't the property of the reflection flood (but I didn't talk
   about that case.)
   
=> perhaps I have abusively translate "the BU using the victim as
the CoA" as the reflection flood using Mobile IPv6.

   With mobile IPv6 with a relaxed/delayed test of the Care-of address
   you do have the property that the attackers address is disclosed
   to the victim.
   
=> this is the first property, the second is to be immune to
the ingress filtering (the CoA is the source address and is the
address of the victim so the ingress filtering is the proper defense).

   With X as attacker, A the victim, B the "server":
   
   X sends a BU to B specifying that the CoA is A.

=> this is blocked by the ingress filtering (*).

   B starts the CoA test with A, and starts sending the high-bandwidth
   stream to A.

=> a full sending window.

   	These packets are CN->MN packets thus per the mobile IPv6 specification
   	they contain the Home Address option with the value X.
   
=> I agree and this is not a nice property for the attacker.

   (And X continues to send predicted "acks" to B to ensure that the
   high-bandwidth stream continues to flow to A.)
   
=> A sends "resets" to B too...

(*) the important thing is the reflection flood using IPv6 or
Mobile IPv6 with relaxed/delayed CoA test, and the direct flood
using fake source address are *blocked* by the ingress filtering.
So we are loosing our time to discuss about mitigating against
a second order attack when a first order one is available and
shared the same defense. This is RIDICULOUS!

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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Subject: RE: [Mip6] NEW ID ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
Date: Wed, 3 Mar 2004 18:16:19 +0200
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Hi Joo

I quickly read your Internet draft with interest and would like to know =
if you will intend to discuss it on the mobopts mail list?

I have been working on multicast to mobiles for some time and would be =
happy to exchange ideas.


Here are some early thoughts on your document:

The problem and solution seem to do a good job for multicast receivers.

How does the PAR learn of the NAR address? (In the sense that: Is there =
something that would be in scope for Multicast Fast Handover, that's =
different from unicast/existing fast handover?)

Some discussion on IGMP/MLD-snooping and the role of access points as =
switches could be appropriate too - to deal with the situation where AP =
changes but AR does not.

Also, there are several security risks. Of particular trouble are the =
DoS possibilities of setting up state in many "NARs" by a =
broken/malicious "MN", and sending to multiple ARs malicious multicast =
data (e.g. to destroy usability of the "expected service"). SSM is worth =
mentioning and also access control. As far as I am certain there are 2 =
ongoing activities on multicast (AR) access control: MCOP, IGAP. And I =
think there's a 3rd in MAGMA - so no need to address the whole access =
control solution, just explain the impact and use for this fast =
multicast handover. (I guess you already have these ideas for the 01 =
draft :)

Tunnelling multicast from PAR to NAR is not so scalable, this should be =
mentioned. Perhaps suggest a means to time-out these tunnels so that the =
tunnelling is only transitory since using the "PAR" as the tunnel =
other-end point reduces scalability of that AR.

The differentiation between receiver-only, sender-only and =
reciever+sender MNs would be a good discussion item too. For instance, I =
think your solution is great for receivers, but for senders (especially =
send-only non-group-members) it does not solve the problem. Perhaps this =
is just an issue of limiting the scope to receiver mobility. Maybe it is =
currently helping readability to not cover sender mobility in this =
draft, so one option is to consider these aspects in a separate draft - =
at the same time or a later stage.

Also, one small NIT: please make it explicit which references are =
normative (essential) and which are informative (I guess all 4 are =
normative)?

Have you had any earlier feedback or discussion on the MIPSHOP (or other =
WG) email lists?


Cheers, Rod.



-----Original Message-----
From: mip6-admin@ietf.org [mailto:mip6-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of ext
Kyungjoo Suh
Sent: Wednesday, March 03, 2004 3:05 PM
To: mip6@ietf.org ; ???=20
Subject: [Mip6] NEW ID ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt


Hi,=20

New draft is available which is Fast multicast protocol.

This document defines the Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6
[2] in the Fast Handovers environments whereby a mobile node (MN)
can receive multicast data with reduced loss and delay after
handoffs.=20

Please refer to following document.

sincerely,
Kyungjoo Suh (Joo)=20



=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

I-D ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt

-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-------

To: IETF-Announce: ;=20
Subject: I-D ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt=20
From: Internet-Drafts at ietf.org=20
Date: Fri, 06 Feb 2004 15:41:59 -0500=20
Reply-to: Internet-Drafts at ietf.org=20
Sender: owner-ietf-announce at ietf.org=20

-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-------

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts =
directories.


	Title		: Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6
	Author(s)	: K. Suh
	Filename	: draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
	Pages		: 13
	Date		: 2004-2-6
=09
This document defines the Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6
    [2] in the Fast Handovers environments whereby a mobile node (MN)
    can receive multicast data with reduced loss and delay after
    handoffs. The proposed protocol can be implemented by the simple
    modification of the Fast Handovers protocol [1] so that it can be
    easily applied to the Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6. This document
    does not need a certain assumption of a specific multicast routing
    protocol, so that any existing multicast routing protocol can be
    used with the proposed protocol.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt

To remove yourself from the IETF Announcement list, send a message to=20
ietf-announce-request with the word unsubscribe in the body of the =
message.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the =
username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
	"get draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt".

A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html=20
or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt


Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.

Send a message to:
	mailserv@ietf.org.
In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt".
=09
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
	MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
	feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
	command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack" or
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	exhibit different behavior, especially when dealing with
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	=09
	=09
Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
Internet-Draft.

<ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt>=



_______________________________________________
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From: Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
To: Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr, jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi,
        Erik.Nordmark@sun.com, kempf@docomolabs-usa.com
Cc: mip6@ietf.org, mobopts@irtf.org
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Subject: [Mip6] Re: Comments on Early Binding Updates
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Hi Francis, Jari, Erik, and James!

Below are a few comments on your emails which you have sent to the MIP6
and MOBOPTS mailing lists following (or immediately preceding) my
presentation on Early Binding Updates
(http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00.txt)
at the MOBOPTS session.

Best regards


- Christian


|
| Christian Vogt
| Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe
| www.tm.uka.de/~chvogt/
|


Francis Dupont wrote on misuse of Early Binding Updates
for flooding attacks:

> > A second reason is that a 3-seconds time limit alone 
> > does not prevent a malicious node from continually 
> > refreshing a tentative CoA registration.
>
> this can be easily solve by some kind of hold-down 
> mechanism... In this case IMHO the best is just not to 
> reset the timer on "refresh".

Francis, you propose that a mobile node be required to do a standard
binding update within each two successive Early Binding Updates. This
would be a simple and easy-to-implement mechanism. Unfortunately
however, an attacker could easily trick this mechanism: It would direct
a large data stream towards the attacked victim node for a time
slightly shorter than an unconfirmed care-of address's (CoA's)
lifetime. When the unconfirmed CoA is about to expire, the attacker
would direct the data stream to itself by means of a standard Binding
Update message, and it would immediately re-direct the data stream, by
means of an Early Binding Update message, to the attacked victim node.
The attacker could repeat this procedure indefinitely. 

There is another disadvantage of the hold-down mechanism: Suppose a
mobile node sends to the correspondent node an Early Binding Update
message. Then, all of a sudden, the handover fails, and the mobile node
falls back to the original sub-network. In this situation, the mobile
node would want to send to the correspondent node another Early Binding
Update message, re-updating the correspondent node to the old CoA. With
the hold-down mechanism, however, this second Early Binding Update
message would be rejected, because there has been no standard binding
update between this and the first Early Binding Update message.


Jari Arkko commented on Credit-Based Authorization:

> However, you can't really count on the packets that
> the CN sends actually being delivered to the MN. For
> instance, the MN might be on a slow link, sending
> fake TCP ACKs towards the the CN. The CN would be
> sending data at a high rate, but most of the packets
> would be dropped by a router on the path. (This
> observation was made by Erik Nordmark.)

This is very true. If this threat is considered serious, one should
refrain from using downlink packets as a criteria for credit
collection. (A solution to use downlink packets nonetheless might be to
have the correspondent node send to the mobile node, at random times,
Challenge messages to which the mobile node must respond. Such
Challenge messages would be dropped at the router with the same
probability as any other data packet. The correspondent node would
record for how many Challenge messages it receives a response. The
mobile node's CREDIT counter would increase more or less fast depending
on the percentage of responded-to Challenge messages. This "solution",
however, is probably too complex and therefore unapplicable.)


Francis Dupont commented on Credit-Based Authorization:

> this is very complex and does nothing for a victim behind
> a narrow link and an attacker behind a fast link

James Kempf wrote on the same issue:

> Jari's point - that the rate be constructed based on the 
> previous rate - might be more doable, but there might be
> an issue with an MN that was on a broadband link, since
> it could concievably bomb a node on a lower bandwidth
> link (a point which has already been mentioned).

IMO, there are two reason why an attacker may want to use reflection for
a flooding attack. First, the attacker may want to reveal its identity.
Second, the attacker may want to make use of an amplification which
comes along with the reflection.

Revealing one's identity is not possible with Mobile IPv6, because the
correspondent node tags all outgoing data packets with the intended
recipient's (i.e., the attacker's) home address. The home address, in
turn, cannot be spoofed, because Early Binding Updates require the
mobile node (or attacker) to do a home-address test before an Early
Binding Update message can be sent.

Amplification is also not possible with Early Binding Updates if
Credit-Based Authorization is applied. This is because the data volume
sent to an attacked victim node is limited by the data volume that the
attacker must send itself. Francis and James, you argue that the
attacker might be willing to spend this effort if it sits on a fast
link. But if this is the case, there are other, more efficient attacks,
which are already possible without Mobile IPv6. Jari Arkko elaborates
on this:

> But isn't this already the case today? I mean an attacker
> behind a fast link can send a zillion spoofed TCP SYNs to
> www.cnn.com and have the responses go my GPRS link, which
> would be hosed. 


Erik Nordmark wrote:

> It might be worth-while to think about bandwidth and rate 
> limiting as an alternative to byte/packet counting. While 
> it is hard to determine the actual rate at which the MN can 
> send, I think it would be interesting to understand this
> part. For instance, if the MN can only send at 64 kbps 
> could one restrict the CN to send at 64 kbps until the CoA 
> has been confirmed?

Using the uplink (mobile-node-to-correspondent-node) data rate as a
limit on how much data the correspondent node can send to an
unconfirmed CoA makes sense, because the uplink data rate is what
determines the data rate with which an attacker can wage a flooding
attack *without* Mobile IPv6. Thus, if a mobile node's (or attacker's)
credit was based on the uplink data rate, misusing Early Binding
Updates for flooding attacks would probably become inattractive.

The disadvantage of using the uplink data rate as a limit on how much
data the correspondent node can send to an unconfirmed CoA gets obvious
if the former is much less than the latter. This is, e.g., the case
with asymmetric applications like video streaming. If the correspondent
node reduced the downlink data rate to the recently observed uplink
data rate, it would not be able to send all packets that it receives
from the application. The correspondent node would thus have to either
buffer or drop those packets that do not fit within the limited
downlink data rate. 

Buffering data packets is probably infeasible, as it significantly
increases the required resources at the correspondent node. Moreover, a
buffer may eventually overflow anyway. Throwing away packets is not a
solution either, since it may seriously impact ongoing connections
which are sensitive to data loss. TCP connections are one example. One
might therefore restrict Early Binding Updates to loss-*in*sensitive
applications only (which would include most delay-sensitive
applications). Yet, making Early Binding Updates (an L3 protocol)
applicable to only a certain set of applications is not a wise idea
IMO.


Francis Dupont wrote:

> the important thing is the reflection flood using IPv6
> or Mobile IPv6 with relaxed/delayed CoA test, and the
> direct flood using fake source address are *blocked*
> by the ingress filtering.

Yes, Francis, this is true if ingress filtering was universally applied.
Until now, however, this is not the case. The correspondent node should
therefore have a different means - e.g., the CoA test - to determine
whether or not the mobile node is reachable. Mobile IPv6 goes the most
secure way and requires a CoA test *before* CoA registration. If the
CoA-test requirement is to be more relaxed, like with Early Binding
Updates, the correspondent node needs more intelligence to prevent
flooding attacks. One mechanism to provide this intelligence is
Credit-Based Authentication.

I agree that an attacker could bypass ingress filtering, if applied, by
using an Alternate CoA option. In other words, the Alternate CoA option
could render ingress filtering useless. As you say, Francis, the
Alternate CoA option should therefore not be used with Early Binding
Updates. I have previously mentioned this on the MIP6 mailing list
(February 10, 2004).


Francis Dupont wrote:

> Is the "Early Binding Updates" document for mobopts
> (an IRTF WG) or for mip6 (an IETF WG)? 

When submitting the Internet-Draft on Early Binding Updates, we assumed
that it may best fit into the MIP6 WG. This is why the Internet-Draft
has the "mip6" infix in its name. Of course, if the MIP6 community
finds that there is a better place for Early Binding Updates, we would
not hesitate to move the Internet-Draft.





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Date: Wed, 3 Mar 2004 19:10:18 -0500 (EST)
From: Suresh Krishnan <suresh.krishnan@ericsson.ca>
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To: Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
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Subject: Re: [Mip6] Re: Comments on Early Binding Updates
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Hi Christian,
  I had just one comment.

On Wed, 3 Mar 2004, Christian Vogt wrote:
...
>Francis Dupont commented on Credit-Based Authorization:
>
>> this is very complex and does nothing for a victim behind
>> a narrow link and an attacker behind a fast link
>
>James Kempf wrote on the same issue:
>
>> Jari's point - that the rate be constructed based on the 
>> previous rate - might be more doable, but there might be
>> an issue with an MN that was on a broadband link, since
>> it could concievably bomb a node on a lower bandwidth
>> link (a point which has already been mentioned).
>
>IMO, there are two reason why an attacker may want to use reflection for
>a flooding attack. First, the attacker may want to reveal its identity.
>Second, the attacker may want to make use of an amplification which
>comes along with the reflection.
>
>Revealing one's identity is not possible with Mobile IPv6, because the

In fact it is the exact opposite. The attacking node's identity WILL 
ALWAYS be revealed in mobile ipv6. Did you mean hide instead of reveal?

Regards
Suresh

 

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To: "Thomas Schmidt" <Schmidt@fhtw-berlin.de>, <Rod.Walsh@nokia.com>
Cc: <joo.suh@samsung.com>, <mip6@ietf.org>, <mobopts@irtf.org>
References: <D0299AFF29E01E478321564030AD69095394AF@trebe003.europe.nokia.com> <40465FB5.6080608@fhtw-berlin.de>
Subject: Re: [Mobopts] Re: [Mip6] NEW ID ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
Date: Wed, 3 Mar 2004 16:30:51 -0800
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> > I quickly read your Internet draft with interest and would like to
> > know if you will intend to discuss it on the mobopts mail list?
> >
> > I have been working on multicast to mobiles for some time and would
> > be happy to exchange ideas.
> >
Actually, we've found it the case of FMIPv4 on 802.11 that the performance
for reactive handover is perfectly adequate. There is some slight additional
delay and one loses packets during the L2 handover (if the proprietary
buffer fowarding at the AP is turned off) but other than that, it works
fine. Unfortuantely, I can't send the paper out because it is under
consideration for publication. We haven't specifically looked at multicast,
but I can't see how it could be a problem. The multicast traffic will get
forwarded through the tunnel until the mobile node does MLD for the group
with the new router, at which point the routing change will propagate. There
is of course an issue with the route propagating, and, in that sense, HMIP
might be better if the multicast routing tree is rooted in the MAP.

            jak


> >
> > Here are some early thoughts on your document:
> >
> > The problem and solution seem to do a good job for multicast
> > receivers.
> >
> A matter of debate could be, wether FMIPv6 is a well suited fundament
> for multicast distribution. FMIP must be eager to anticipate handovers
> (if it will work well), thus exhibiting a significant likelyhood of
> wrong predictions.
>
> In the multicast case this will lead to an unwanted quantity of uneeded
> remote subscriptions, unneccessary branches in the multicast trees ...
>
> ... from our point of view the smoother hmipv6 MAP architecture is much
> more appropriate as multicast agents ...
>
> > How does the PAR learn of the NAR address? (In the sense that: Is
> > there something that would be in scope for Multicast Fast Handover,
> > that's different from unicast/existing fast handover?)
> >
>
> If we understand correctly: This is just taken from FMIPv6's prediction.
>   There should be nothing exclusive to multicast.
>
> > Some discussion on IGMP/MLD-snooping and the role of access points as
> > switches could be appropriate too - to deal with the situation where
> > AP changes but AR does not.
>
> Mhmm, this might be more a concern of underlying L2 specification. The
> FMIPv6 approach leaves L2 specs to additional documents.
> >
> > Also, there are several security risks. Of particular trouble are the
> > DoS possibilities of setting up state in many "NARs" by a
> > broken/malicious "MN", and sending to multiple ARs malicious
> > multicast data (e.g. to destroy usability of the "expected service").
> > SSM is worth mentioning and also access control. As far as I am
> > certain there are 2 ongoing activities on multicast (AR) access
> > control: MCOP, IGAP. And I think there's a 3rd in MAGMA - so no need
> > to address the whole access control solution, just explain the impact
> > and use for this fast multicast handover. (I guess you already have
> > these ideas for the 01 draft :)
> >
> > Tunnelling multicast from PAR to NAR is not so scalable, this should
> > be mentioned. Perhaps suggest a means to time-out these tunnels so
> > that the tunnelling is only transitory since using the "PAR" as the
> > tunnel other-end point reduces scalability of that AR.
> >
> Tunneling in this approach only occurs, if NAR refuses to subscribe to
> the wanted multicast group ... question is: when will this happen? On
> which bases would a NAR decide not to support a specific group?
>
> Cheers,
>
> Thomas & Matthias
>
>
> <more of the previous mails to come for mobopts folks:>
>
> > The differentiation between receiver-only, sender-only and
> > reciever+sender MNs would be a good discussion item too. For
> > instance, I think your solution is great for receivers, but for
> > senders (especially send-only non-group-members) it does not solve
> > the problem. Perhaps this is just an issue of limiting the scope to
> > receiver mobility. Maybe it is currently helping readability to not
> > cover sender mobility in this draft, so one option is to consider
> > these aspects in a separate draft - at the same time or a later
> > stage.
> >
> > Also, one small NIT: please make it explicit which references are
> > normative (essential) and which are informative (I guess all 4 are
> > normative)?
> >
> > Have you had any earlier feedback or discussion on the MIPSHOP (or
> > other WG) email lists?
> >
> >
> > Cheers, Rod.
> >
> >
> >
> > -----Original Message----- From: mip6-admin@ietf.org
> > [mailto:mip6-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of ext Kyungjoo Suh Sent:
> > Wednesday, March 03, 2004 3:05 PM To: mip6@ietf.org ; ??? Subject:
> > [Mip6] NEW ID ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
> >
> >
> > Hi,
> >
> > New draft is available which is Fast multicast protocol.
> >
> > This document defines the Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6 [2]
> > in the Fast Handovers environments whereby a mobile node (MN) can
> > receive multicast data with reduced loss and delay after handoffs.
> >
> > Please refer to following document.
> >
> > sincerely, Kyungjoo Suh (Joo)
> >
> >
> >
> >
============================================================================
=======================
> >
> >
> > I-D ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
> >
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
------
> >
> >
> > To: IETF-Announce: ; Subject: I-D
> > ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt From: Internet-Drafts at
> > ietf.org Date: Fri, 06 Feb 2004 15:41:59 -0500 Reply-to:
> > Internet-Drafts at ietf.org Sender: owner-ietf-announce at ietf.org
> >
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
------
> >
> >
> > A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
> > directories.
> >
> >
> > Title : Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6 Author(s) : K. Suh
> > Filename : draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt Pages : 13 Date :
> > 2004-2-6  This document defines the Fast Multicast Protocol for
> > Mobile IPv6 [2] in the Fast Handovers environments whereby a mobile
> > node (MN) can receive multicast data with reduced loss and delay
> > after handoffs. The proposed protocol can be implemented by the
> > simple modification of the Fast Handovers protocol [1] so that it can
> > be easily applied to the Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6. This
> > document does not need a certain assumption of a specific multicast
> > routing protocol, so that any existing multicast routing protocol can
> > be used with the proposed protocol.
> >
> > A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
> >
> >
> > To remove yourself from the IETF Announcement list, send a message to
> >  ietf-announce-request with the word unsubscribe in the body of the
> > message.
> >
> > Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the
> > username "anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After
> > logging in, type "cd internet-drafts" and then "get
> > draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt".
> >
> > A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
> > http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html or
> > ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt
> >
> >
> > Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.
> >
> > Send a message to: mailserv@ietf.org. In the body type: "FILE
> > /internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt".  NOTE: The
> > mail server at ietf.org can return the document in MIME-encoded form
> > by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this feature, insert the
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> > is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
> > implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
> > Internet-Draft.
> >
> >
<ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt>
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________ Mip6 mailing list
> > Mip6@ietf.org https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
> >
> > _______________________________________________ Mip6 mailing list
> > Mip6@ietf.org https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
> >
>
> _______________________________________________
> Mobopts mailing list
> Mobopts@irtf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mobopts
>


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Date: Thu, 04 Mar 2004 01:00:59 +0000 (GMT)
From: Kyungjoo Suh <joo.suh@samsung.com>
Subject: Re :Re: [Mobopts] Re: [Mip6] NEW ID
 ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
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HI, Rod, Thoma, and James, 

First of all, thank you so much for reviewing the draft. 
Here I quickly answer for some questions. 
welcome any comments. 

 How does the PAR learn of the NAR address ?

answer : We assume that the proposed scheme is operating on top of FMIPv6.
In the FMIPv6 spec. it is assumed that PAR knows the NAR's address. Actually, this problem is not mentioned
in the FMIPv6 spec. but left as unsolved problem. The problem is addressed in Seamoby WG. It is related to
the CARD (Candidate Access Router Discovery) protocol and the reverse address translation (RAT). Precise information
can be obtained from the current draft of the CARD protocol. In this version of draft, we do not address this
problem because we are not proposing an enhancement version of FMIPv6 but a mutlicast protocol operating with FMIPv6.
Therefore we assumed the same network situations (environments) as it assumed in the FMIPv6 draft.
Except this assumption, to know the NAR address in advance, roughly there are two methods that can be applied to the
proposed protocol. First, we may explicitly preconfigure or set the address of neighboring AR (this address is the address
assigned to the wireless interface of the AR) to each AR.
Second, a neighbor AR learning algorithm (NALA) can be used. To learn the neighbor AR's address, MN may send
the previous AR's address to its current AR after performing handoff. Using this method, AR can learn the addresses of 
neighboring ARs. For more precise information on the second method, please refer to the ARIP draft (draft-....).

Some discussion on IGMP/MLD-snooping and the role of access points as switches could be appropriate too-
to deal with the situation where AP changes but AR does not.

answer : In this version of draft, we only assume that the AR has the functionality of a AP to simplify our ideas.
In the next version, we will also consider the situations what you mentioned.
(draft-ietf-magma-snoop-10.txt : Considerations for IGMP and MLD Snooping Switches)
(draft-ietf-magma-igmp-proxy-04.txt : IGMP/MLD-based Multicast Forwarding ("IGMP/MLD Proxying"))

Security Risks.

answer : You're right. We just explain the protocol operation in this version. And we are going to include the solution 
for security risk in next version. As you mentioned, existing solutions such as MCOP, IGAP, and MAGMA to achieve SSM 
can be applied to our proposal.
But, as I mentioned the operation of the proposed protocol is operating on top of FMIPv6. If FMIPv6 is secure enough, there
may be no problems at all what you mentioned. This is because by the secure operations (signalings) of FMIPv6 itself (we think
the secure operation of FMIPv6 is not fully addressed in the WG yet). such as secured (AAA passed) Router Solicitation for Proxy, 
Proxy Router Advertisement, HI, HACK, FBU and etc. The situation (DoS possibilities) happens when the malicious HI message is 
received at NAR not knowing that the message is generated by some attackers. But, the malicious HI messages cannot be generated 
if only authorized MNs are allowed to perform the FMIPv6 procedure. Even with this assumption (Secure FMIPv6), we admit that 
there are a lot of security holes that we didn't think of. 


Tunnelling

answer : As mentioned earlier, our proposal is based on the FMIPv6 protocol. In the FMIPv6 protocol, there is
a tunnelling scheme between PAR and the NCoA to forwarding data destined to the MN during MN's handoff. The FMIPv6
protocol only explains how create this tunnel. There is no explicit scheme for tunnel destruction. But, I think that
the tunnels in the FMIPv6 spec. are soft-state based tunnels as they are in MIPv6. In other words, those tunnels are 
destroyed after some predefined threshold time for existence.
Also we may consider an explicit tunnel destroy mechanism using MLD Done message. In our proposal, MN sends the MLD Done
message to the PAR when it start receiving multicast packets directly from NAR. Therefore, PAR can destroy the
tunnel when it receives the MLD Done message.
However, thanks about your pointing outs.


Scope of draft

You're right. Our current draft concentrating on solving the multicast receiver problem when it handoffs. 
We also considered the case when MN becomes a sender. Two distinct mechanisms that we are currently thinking exist for 
a multicast sender problem.
The first solution is a quite primitive one and it is to make MN to use the home-agent based multicast scheme when 
it is a multicast sender.
In the second solution, MN may use the temporal "reverse" tunnel from PAR to MN until NAR finishes the join process to
the multicast tree. We have a plan to include the multicast sender situation in the next version.


Reference

answer : We know that draft-ietf-mobileip-ipv6-24.txt is last version and will be RFC soon.

Again, thank you  for your  comments.

best regards,
Joo (Kyungjoo Suh) 

------- Original Message ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sender : James Kempf<kempf@docomolabs-usa.com> 
Date   : 2004-03-04 09:30
Title  : Re: [Mobopts] Re: [Mip6] NEW ID
 ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt

> > I quickly read your Internet draft with interest and would like to
> > know if you will intend to discuss it on the mobopts mail list?
> >
> > I have been working on multicast to mobiles for some time and would
> > be happy to exchange ideas.
> >
Actually, we've found it the case of FMIPv4 on 802.11 that the performance
for reactive handover is perfectly adequate. There is some slight additional
delay and one loses packets during the L2 handover (if the proprietary
buffer fowarding at the AP is turned off) but other than that, it works
fine. Unfortuantely, I can't send the paper out because it is under
consideration for publication. We haven't specifically looked at multicast,
but I can't see how it could be a problem. The multicast traffic will get
forwarded through the tunnel until the mobile node does MLD for the group
with the new router, at which point the routing change will propagate. There
is of course an issue with the route propagating, and, in that sense, HMIP
might be better if the multicast routing tree is rooted in the MAP.

            jak


> >
> > Here are some early thoughts on your document:
> >
> > The problem and solution seem to do a good job for multicast
> > receivers.
> >
> A matter of debate could be, wether FMIPv6 is a well suited fundament
> for multicast distribution. FMIP must be eager to anticipate handovers
> (if it will work well), thus exhibiting a significant likelyhood of
> wrong predictions.
>
> In the multicast case this will lead to an unwanted quantity of uneeded
> remote subscriptions, unneccessary branches in the multicast trees ...
>
> ... from our point of view the smoother hmipv6 MAP architecture is much
> more appropriate as multicast agents ...
>
> > How does the PAR learn of the NAR address? (In the sense that: Is
> > there something that would be in scope for Multicast Fast Handover,
> > that's different from unicast/existing fast handover?)
> >
>
> If we understand correctly: This is just taken from FMIPv6's prediction.
>   There should be nothing exclusive to multicast.
>
> > Some discussion on IGMP/MLD-snooping and the role of access points as
> > switches could be appropriate too - to deal with the situation where
> > AP changes but AR does not.
>
> Mhmm, this might be more a concern of underlying L2 specification. The
> FMIPv6 approach leaves L2 specs to additional documents.
> >
> > Also, there are several security risks. Of particular trouble are the
> > DoS possibilities of setting up state in many "NARs" by a
> > broken/malicious "MN", and sending to multiple ARs malicious
> > multicast data (e.g. to destroy usability of the "expected service").
> > SSM is worth mentioning and also access control. As far as I am
> > certain there are 2 ongoing activities on multicast (AR) access
> > control: MCOP, IGAP. And I think there's a 3rd in MAGMA - so no need
> > to address the whole access control solution, just explain the impact
> > and use for this fast multicast handover. (I guess you already have
> > these ideas for the 01 draft :)
> >
> > Tunnelling multicast from PAR to NAR is not so scalable, this should
> > be mentioned. Perhaps suggest a means to time-out these tunnels so
> > that the tunnelling is only transitory since using the "PAR" as the
> > tunnel other-end point reduces scalability of that AR.
> >
> Tunneling in this approach only occurs, if NAR refuses to subscribe to
> the wanted multicast group ... question is: when will this happen? On
> which bases would a NAR decide not to support a specific group?
>
> Cheers,
>
> Thomas & Matthias
>
>
> <more of the previous mails to come for mobopts folks:>
>
> > The differentiation between receiver-only, sender-only and
> > reciever+sender MNs would be a good discussion item too. For
> > instance, I think your solution is great for receivers, but for
> > senders (especially send-only non-group-members) it does not solve
> > the problem. Perhaps this is just an issue of limiting the scope to
> > receiver mobility. Maybe it is currently helping readability to not
> > cover sender mobility in this draft, so one option is to consider
> > these aspects in a separate draft - at the same time or a later
> > stage.
> >
> > Also, one small NIT: please make it explicit which references are
> > normative (essential) and which are informative (I guess all 4 are
> > normative)?
> >
> > Have you had any earlier feedback or discussion on the MIPSHOP (or
> > other WG) email lists?
> >
> >
> > Cheers, Rod.
> >
> >
> >
> > -----Original Message----- From: mip6-admin@ietf.org
> > [mailto:mip6-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of ext Kyungjoo Suh Sent:
> > Wednesday, March 03, 2004 3:05 PM To: mip6@ietf.org ; ??? Subject:
> > [Mip6] NEW ID ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
> >
> >
> > Hi,
> >
> > New draft is available which is Fast multicast protocol.
> >
> > This document defines the Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6 [2]
> > in the Fast Handovers environments whereby a mobile node (MN) can
> > receive multicast data with reduced loss and delay after handoffs.
> >
> > Please refer to following document.
> >
> > sincerely, Kyungjoo Suh (Joo)
> >
> >
> >
> >
============================================================================
=======================
> >
> >
> > I-D ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
> >
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
------
> >
> >
> > To: IETF-Announce: ; Subject: I-D
> > ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt From: Internet-Drafts at
> > ietf.org Date: Fri, 06 Feb 2004 15:41:59 -0500 Reply-to:
> > Internet-Drafts at ietf.org Sender: owner-ietf-announce at ietf.org
> >
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
------
> >
> >
> > A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
> > directories.
> >
> >
> > Title : Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6 Author(s) : K. Suh
> > Filename : draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt Pages : 13 Date :
> > 2004-2-6  This document defines the Fast Multicast Protocol for
> > Mobile IPv6 [2] in the Fast Handovers environments whereby a mobile
> > node (MN) can receive multicast data with reduced loss and delay
> > after handoffs. The proposed protocol can be implemented by the
> > simple modification of the Fast Handovers protocol [1] so that it can
> > be easily applied to the Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6. This
> > document does not need a certain assumption of a specific multicast
> > routing protocol, so that any existing multicast routing protocol can
> > be used with the proposed protocol.
> >
> > A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
> >
> >
> > To remove yourself from the IETF Announcement list, send a message to
> >  ietf-announce-request with the word unsubscribe in the body of the
> > message.
> >
> > Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the
> > username "anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After
> > logging in, type "cd internet-drafts" and then "get
> > draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt".
> >
> > A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
> > http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html or
> > ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt
> >
> >
> > Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.
> >
> > Send a message to: mailserv@ietf.org. In the body type: "FILE
> > /internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt".  NOTE: The
> > mail server at ietf.org can return the document in MIME-encoded form
> > by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this feature, insert the
> > command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE" command.  To decode the
> > response(s), you will need "munpack" or a MIME-compliant mail reader.
> > Different MIME-compliant mail readers exhibit different behavior,
> > especially when dealing with "multipart" MIME messages (i.e.
> > documents which have been split up into multiple messages), so check
> > your local documentation on how to manipulate these messages.   Below
> > is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
> > implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
> > Internet-Draft.
> >
> >
<ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt>
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________ Mip6 mailing list
> > Mip6@ietf.org https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
> >
> > _______________________________________________ Mip6 mailing list
> > Mip6@ietf.org https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
> >
>
> _______________________________________________
> Mobopts mailing list
> Mobopts@irtf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mobopts
>


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Date: Thu, 04 Mar 2004 01:19:20 +0000 (GMT)
From: Kyungjoo Suh <joo.suh@samsung.com>
Subject: Re :Re: [Mobopts] Re: [Mip6] NEW ID
 ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
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To: Kyungjoo Suh <joo.suh@samsung.com>, James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>,
        Thomas Schmidt <Schmidt@fhtw-berlin.de>,
        "Rod.Walsh@nokia.com " <Rod.Walsh@nokia.com>,
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HI, Rod, Thoma, and James, 

First of all, thank you so much for reviewing the draft. 
Here I quickly answer for some questions. 
welcome any comments. 

 How does the PAR learn of the NAR address ?

answer : We assume that the proposed scheme is operating on top of FMIPv6.
In the FMIPv6 spec. it is assumed that PAR knows the NAR's address. Actually, this problem is not mentioned
in the FMIPv6 spec. but left as unsolved problem. The problem is addressed in Seamoby WG. It is related to
the CARD (Candidate Access Router Discovery) protocol and the reverse address translation (RAT). Precise information
can be obtained from the current draft of the CARD protocol. In this version of draft, we do not address this
problem because we are not proposing an enhancement version of FMIPv6 but a mutlicast protocol operating with FMIPv6.
Therefore we assumed the same network situations (environments) as it assumed in the FMIPv6 draft.
Except this assumption, to know the NAR address in advance, roughly there are two methods that can be applied to the
proposed protocol. First, we may explicitly preconfigure or set the address of neighboring AR (this address is the address
assigned to the wireless interface of the AR) to each AR.
Second, a neighbor AR learning algorithm (NALA) can be used. To learn the neighbor AR's address, MN may send
the previous AR's address to its current AR after performing handoff. Using this method, AR can learn the addresses of 
neighboring ARs. For more precise information on the second method, please refer to the ARIP draft (draft-....).

Some discussion on IGMP/MLD-snooping and the role of access points as switches could be appropriate too-
to deal with the situation where AP changes but AR does not.

answer : In this version of draft, we only assume that the AR has the functionality of a AP to simplify our ideas.
In the next version, we will also consider the situations what you mentioned.
(draft-ietf-magma-snoop-10.txt : Considerations for IGMP and MLD Snooping Switches)
(draft-ietf-magma-igmp-proxy-04.txt : IGMP/MLD-based Multicast Forwarding ("IGMP/MLD Proxying"))

Security Risks.

answer : You're right. We just explain the protocol operation in this version. And we are going to include the solution 
for security risk in next version. As you mentioned, existing solutions such as MCOP, IGAP, and MAGMA to achieve SSM 
can be applied to our proposal.
But, as I mentioned the operation of the proposed protocol is operating on top of FMIPv6. If FMIPv6 is secure enough, there
may be no problems at all what you mentioned. This is because by the secure operations (signalings) of FMIPv6 itself (we think
the secure operation of FMIPv6 is not fully addressed in the WG yet). such as secured (AAA passed) Router Solicitation for Proxy, 
Proxy Router Advertisement, HI, HACK, FBU and etc. The situation (DoS possibilities) happens when the malicious HI message is 
received at NAR not knowing that the message is generated by some attackers. But, the malicious HI messages cannot be generated 
if only authorized MNs are allowed to perform the FMIPv6 procedure. Even with this assumption (Secure FMIPv6), we admit that 
there are a lot of security holes that we didn't think of. 


Tunnelling

answer : As mentioned earlier, our proposal is based on the FMIPv6 protocol. In the FMIPv6 protocol, there is
a tunnelling scheme between PAR and the NCoA to forwarding data destined to the MN during MN's handoff. The FMIPv6
protocol only explains how create this tunnel. There is no explicit scheme for tunnel destruction. But, I think that
the tunnels in the FMIPv6 spec. are soft-state based tunnels as they are in MIPv6. In other words, those tunnels are 
destroyed after some predefined threshold time for existence.
Also we may consider an explicit tunnel destroy mechanism using MLD Done message. In our proposal, MN sends the MLD Done
message to the PAR when it start receiving multicast packets directly from NAR. Therefore, PAR can destroy the
tunnel when it receives the MLD Done message.
However, thanks about your pointing outs.


Scope of draft

You're right. Our current draft concentrating on solving the multicast receiver problem when it handoffs. 
We also considered the case when MN becomes a sender. Two distinct mechanisms that we are currently thinking exist for 
a multicast sender problem.
The first solution is a quite primitive one and it is to make MN to use the home-agent based multicast scheme when 
it is a multicast sender.
In the second solution, MN may use the temporal "reverse" tunnel from PAR to MN until NAR finishes the join process to
the multicast tree. We have a plan to include the multicast sender situation in the next version.


Reference

answer : We know that draft-ietf-mobileip-ipv6-24.txt is last version and will be RFC soon.

Again, thank you  for your  comments.

best regards,
Joo (Kyungjoo Suh) 

------- Original Message ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sender : James Kempf<kempf@docomolabs-usa.com> 
Date   : 2004-03-04 09:30
Title  : Re: [Mobopts] Re: [Mip6] NEW ID
 ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt

> > I quickly read your Internet draft with interest and would like to
> > know if you will intend to discuss it on the mobopts mail list?
> >
> > I have been working on multicast to mobiles for some time and would
> > be happy to exchange ideas.
> >
Actually, we've found it the case of FMIPv4 on 802.11 that the performance
for reactive handover is perfectly adequate. There is some slight additional
delay and one loses packets during the L2 handover (if the proprietary
buffer fowarding at the AP is turned off) but other than that, it works
fine. Unfortuantely, I can't send the paper out because it is under
consideration for publication. We haven't specifically looked at multicast,
but I can't see how it could be a problem. The multicast traffic will get
forwarded through the tunnel until the mobile node does MLD for the group
with the new router, at which point the routing change will propagate. There
is of course an issue with the route propagating, and, in that sense, HMIP
might be better if the multicast routing tree is rooted in the MAP.

            jak


> >
> > Here are some early thoughts on your document:
> >
> > The problem and solution seem to do a good job for multicast
> > receivers.
> >
> A matter of debate could be, wether FMIPv6 is a well suited fundament
> for multicast distribution. FMIP must be eager to anticipate handovers
> (if it will work well), thus exhibiting a significant likelyhood of
> wrong predictions.
>
> In the multicast case this will lead to an unwanted quantity of uneeded
> remote subscriptions, unneccessary branches in the multicast trees ...
>
> ... from our point of view the smoother hmipv6 MAP architecture is much
> more appropriate as multicast agents ...
>
> > How does the PAR learn of the NAR address? (In the sense that: Is
> > there something that would be in scope for Multicast Fast Handover,
> > that's different from unicast/existing fast handover?)
> >
>
> If we understand correctly: This is just taken from FMIPv6's prediction.
>   There should be nothing exclusive to multicast.
>
> > Some discussion on IGMP/MLD-snooping and the role of access points as
> > switches could be appropriate too - to deal with the situation where
> > AP changes but AR does not.
>
> Mhmm, this might be more a concern of underlying L2 specification. The
> FMIPv6 approach leaves L2 specs to additional documents.
> >
> > Also, there are several security risks. Of particular trouble are the
> > DoS possibilities of setting up state in many "NARs" by a
> > broken/malicious "MN", and sending to multiple ARs malicious
> > multicast data (e.g. to destroy usability of the "expected service").
> > SSM is worth mentioning and also access control. As far as I am
> > certain there are 2 ongoing activities on multicast (AR) access
> > control: MCOP, IGAP. And I think there's a 3rd in MAGMA - so no need
> > to address the whole access control solution, just explain the impact
> > and use for this fast multicast handover. (I guess you already have
> > these ideas for the 01 draft :)
> >
> > Tunnelling multicast from PAR to NAR is not so scalable, this should
> > be mentioned. Perhaps suggest a means to time-out these tunnels so
> > that the tunnelling is only transitory since using the "PAR" as the
> > tunnel other-end point reduces scalability of that AR.
> >
> Tunneling in this approach only occurs, if NAR refuses to subscribe to
> the wanted multicast group ... question is: when will this happen? On
> which bases would a NAR decide not to support a specific group?
>
> Cheers,
>
> Thomas & Matthias
>
>
> <more of the previous mails to come for mobopts folks:>
>
> > The differentiation between receiver-only, sender-only and
> > reciever+sender MNs would be a good discussion item too. For
> > instance, I think your solution is great for receivers, but for
> > senders (especially send-only non-group-members) it does not solve
> > the problem. Perhaps this is just an issue of limiting the scope to
> > receiver mobility. Maybe it is currently helping readability to not
> > cover sender mobility in this draft, so one option is to consider
> > these aspects in a separate draft - at the same time or a later
> > stage.
> >
> > Also, one small NIT: please make it explicit which references are
> > normative (essential) and which are informative (I guess all 4 are
> > normative)?
> >
> > Have you had any earlier feedback or discussion on the MIPSHOP (or
> > other WG) email lists?
> >
> >
> > Cheers, Rod.
> >
> >
> >
> > -----Original Message----- From: mip6-admin@ietf.org
> > [mailto:mip6-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of ext Kyungjoo Suh Sent:
> > Wednesday, March 03, 2004 3:05 PM To: mip6@ietf.org ; ??? Subject:
> > [Mip6] NEW ID ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
> >
> >
> > Hi,
> >
> > New draft is available which is Fast multicast protocol.
> >
> > This document defines the Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6 [2]
> > in the Fast Handovers environments whereby a mobile node (MN) can
> > receive multicast data with reduced loss and delay after handoffs.
> >
> > Please refer to following document.
> >
> > sincerely, Kyungjoo Suh (Joo)
> >
> >
> >
> >
============================================================================
=======================
> >
> >
> > I-D ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
> >
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
------
> >
> >
> > To: IETF-Announce: ; Subject: I-D
> > ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt From: Internet-Drafts at
> > ietf.org Date: Fri, 06 Feb 2004 15:41:59 -0500 Reply-to:
> > Internet-Drafts at ietf.org Sender: owner-ietf-announce at ietf.org
> >
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------
------
> >
> >
> > A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
> > directories.
> >
> >
> > Title : Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6 Author(s) : K. Suh
> > Filename : draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt Pages : 13 Date :
> > 2004-2-6  This document defines the Fast Multicast Protocol for
> > Mobile IPv6 [2] in the Fast Handovers environments whereby a mobile
> > node (MN) can receive multicast data with reduced loss and delay
> > after handoffs. The proposed protocol can be implemented by the
> > simple modification of the Fast Handovers protocol [1] so that it can
> > be easily applied to the Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6. This
> > document does not need a certain assumption of a specific multicast
> > routing protocol, so that any existing multicast routing protocol can
> > be used with the proposed protocol.
> >
> > A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
> >
> >
> > To remove yourself from the IETF Announcement list, send a message to
> >  ietf-announce-request with the word unsubscribe in the body of the
> > message.
> >
> > Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the
> > username "anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After
> > logging in, type "cd internet-drafts" and then "get
> > draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt".
> >
> > A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
> > http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html or
> > ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt
> >
> >
> > Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.
> >
> > Send a message to: mailserv@ietf.org. In the body type: "FILE
> > /internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt".  NOTE: The
> > mail server at ietf.org can return the document in MIME-encoded form
> > by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this feature, insert the
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> > Different MIME-compliant mail readers exhibit different behavior,
> > especially when dealing with "multipart" MIME messages (i.e.
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> > your local documentation on how to manipulate these messages.   Below
> > is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader
> > implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the
> > Internet-Draft.
> >
> >
<ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt>
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________ Mip6 mailing list
> > Mip6@ietf.org https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
> >
> > _______________________________________________ Mip6 mailing list
> > Mip6@ietf.org https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
> >
>
> _______________________________________________
> Mobopts mailing list
> Mobopts@irtf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mobopts
>


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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Christian Vogt" <chvogt@tm.uka.de>, <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>,
        <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>, <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
Cc: <mip6@ietf.org>, <mobopts@irtf.org>
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Christian,

> Yes, Francis, this is true if ingress filtering was universally applied.
> Until now, however, this is not the case. The correspondent node should
> therefore have a different means - e.g., the CoA test - to determine
> whether or not the mobile node is reachable. Mobile IPv6 goes the most
> secure way and requires a CoA test *before* CoA registration. If the
> CoA-test requirement is to be more relaxed, like with Early Binding
> Updates, the correspondent node needs more intelligence to prevent
> flooding attacks. One mechanism to provide this intelligence is
> Credit-Based Authentication.
>

Ingress filtering won't work if the MN is trying to bomb someone on its old
link. The MN could send off the early BU, then move to a new subnet, leaving
the victim on the old subnet subject to the attack. With standard RR, the MN
could do the same trick for nodes on its link, but there the MN has some
incentive not to, since the impact of a DoS attack on the MN's own traffic
may be negative.

Also, I've got a little concern about fixed time limits on the traffic
restriction, in addition to the other issues you've mentioned here. If the
layer 2 handover latency has considerable variability, it may be difficult
to gauge the traffic restriction timeout such that a sufficient percentage
of mobile nodes get adequate handover performance to maintain user
satisfaction. As an example, according to Bill Arbaugh's work, the handover
latency for 802.11 ranges anywhere from about 70 to 200 ms. Unless the time
limit is outside 99.999% of the variability for the layer 2 handover
technology in all kinds of deployments, it might lead to undesirable packet
drops.

            jak


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From: Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
To: Suresh Krishnan <suresh.krishnan@ericsson.ca>
Cc: Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr, jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi,
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Subject: Re: [Mip6] Re: Comments on Early Binding Updates
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> > Revealing one's identity is not possible with
> > Mobile IPv6...
> 
> In fact it is the exact opposite. The attacking
> node's identity WILL ALWAYS be revealed in mobile
> ipv6. Did you mean hide instead of reveal?


Oh my God, thanks Suresh. Yes, I meant to say "conceal" or "hide one's
identity". I guess it was late when I wrote that email...

Thanks for pointing to this.


- Christian


|
| Christian Vogt
| Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe
| www.tm.uka.de/~chvogt/
|





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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar  3 21:36:37 2004
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Thread-Topic: QoS documents
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Hi,

Could someone please point me to the latest QoS papers/drafts/rfc/wg for =
MIPv6?  I'm currently gathering resources for my research topic. =20

Thank you very much.

Best Regards,

Rodel

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From: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
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Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00 
To: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
Cc: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>, Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>,
        Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>, mip6@ietf.org
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> => this is the first property, the second is to be immune to
> the ingress filtering (the CoA is the source address and is the
> address of the victim so the ingress filtering is the proper defense).

Are you saying that the source address of the BU must be the (new) CoA?

Hmm - maybe that is sufficient in the MIPv6 case (I have multi6 in the back
of my head as well, which has a variant of the same issues.)

Perhaps the draft discusses this, but when you handle an early binding update,
when is "HoA check" in the binding cache updated?
In basic MIPv6 this happens when the BU is processed i.e. after that
the MN can no longer send packets with the old CoA as the source since
the Home Address option check will drop such packets.
If the same thing applies in the early binding update case it means
that the attacker can not send any "ack" packets to the CN since they
would contain the "old" CoA - oops - they would not carry a home address
option thus they would not be subject to "the HOA and IP src must match
the binding cache" check.
Hmm...

  Erik


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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
To: Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
cc: jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi, Erik.Nordmark@sun.com, kempf@docomolabs-usa.com,
        mip6@ietf.org, mobopts@irtf.org
In-reply-to: Your message of Wed, 03 Mar 2004 20:04:09 +0100.
             <1078340649.40462c29dddda@mailhost.ira.uka.de> 
Date: Thu, 04 Mar 2004 06:40:52 +0100
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Subject: [Mip6] Re: Comments on Early Binding Updates
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   Francis Dupont wrote on misuse of Early Binding Updates
   for flooding attacks:
   
   > > A second reason is that a 3-seconds time limit alone 
   > > does not prevent a malicious node from continually 
   > > refreshing a tentative CoA registration.
   >
   > this can be easily solve by some kind of hold-down 
   > mechanism... In this case IMHO the best is just not to 
   > reset the timer on "refresh".
   
   Francis, you propose that a mobile node be required to do a standard
   binding update within each two successive Early Binding Updates.

=> no, what I suggested is to wait 3 seconds from the first EBU and
not to reset this timer to 3 seconds (i.e., let it run down to 0)
when other EBUs is received. So a tentative CoA registration can't
be refreshed continually for more than 3 seconds.

   Unfortunately
   however, an attacker could easily trick this mechanism: It would direct
   a large data stream towards the attacked victim node for a time
   slightly shorter than an unconfirmed care-of address's (CoA's)
   lifetime.

=> if ingress filtering is used and is effective, it can't. If ingress
filtering is not used or is not effective, you are already dead and
relaxed/delayed CoA check won't change this.

   When the unconfirmed CoA is about to expire, the attacker
   would direct the data stream to itself by means of a standard Binding
   Update message, and it would immediately re-direct the data stream, by
   means of an Early Binding Update message, to the attacked victim node.
   The attacker could repeat this procedure indefinitely. 
   
=> this doesn't matter.

   There is another disadvantage of the hold-down mechanism: Suppose a
   mobile node sends to the correspondent node an Early Binding Update
   message. Then, all of a sudden, the handover fails, and the mobile node
   falls back to the original sub-network. In this situation, the mobile
   node would want to send to the correspondent node another Early Binding
   Update message, re-updating the correspondent node to the old CoA. With
   the hold-down mechanism, however, this second Early Binding Update
   message would be rejected, because there has been no standard binding
   update between this and the first Early Binding Update message.

=> this could be a problem with a real hold-down mechanism, but
not for my simpler proposal: re-updates are not dropped, they just
don't reset the timeout. Note that to remove a binding is not a problem
(RO is an optimization), the thing to avoid is to keep an old binding.
BTW the draft 24 takes care of this, for instance Kbm is different
for deleting bindings...

   Jari Arkko commented on Credit-Based Authorization:
   
=> I am not interested to waste time about ineffective defense
against inexistent attacks..

   IMO, there are two reason why an attacker may want to use reflection for
   a flooding attack. First, the attacker may want to reveal its identity.

=> you mean hide? I can't see why the attacker may want to reveal
its identity...

   Second, the attacker may want to make use of an amplification which
   comes along with the reflection.
   
=> unfortunately the attacker doesn't need any bounded amplification...

   But if this is the case, there are other, more efficient attacks,
   which are already possible without Mobile IPv6.

=> I buy this argument!

   Francis Dupont wrote:
   
   > the important thing is the reflection flood using IPv6
   > or Mobile IPv6 with relaxed/delayed CoA test, and the
   > direct flood using fake source address are *blocked*
   > by the ingress filtering.
   
   Yes, Francis, this is true if ingress filtering was universally applied.

=> I know it is not universally applied and more I know exactly why...
But my point is that when ingress filtering is not applied or is
ineffective, you are a setting duck and nasty things can happen
even if there is no moblte IPv6 capable correspondent node somewhere.

   Until now, however, this is not the case. The correspondent node should
   therefore have a different means - e.g., the CoA test - to determine
   whether or not the mobile node is reachable. Mobile IPv6 goes the most
   secure way and requires a CoA test *before* CoA registration.

=>note this is true *only* for a common correspondent, not a home agent.

   If the
   CoA-test requirement is to be more relaxed, like with Early Binding
   Updates, the correspondent node needs more intelligence to prevent
   flooding attacks.

=> I strongly disagree about this need.

   I agree that an attacker could bypass ingress filtering, if applied, by
   using an Alternate CoA option. In other words, the Alternate CoA option
   could render ingress filtering useless. As you say, Francis, the
   Alternate CoA option should therefore not be used with Early Binding
   Updates. I have previously mentioned this on the MIP6 mailing list
   (February 10, 2004).
   
=> this is the only really need!
   
Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
To: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
cc: "Christian Vogt" <chvogt@tm.uka.de>, jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi,
        Erik.Nordmark@sun.com, mip6@ietf.org, mobopts@irtf.org
In-reply-to: Your message of Wed, 03 Mar 2004 17:25:47 PST.
             <024d01c40187$a0e79200$5f6115ac@dclkempt40> 
Date: Thu, 04 Mar 2004 07:12:47 +0100
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   Ingress filtering won't work if the MN is trying to bomb someone on its old
   link.

=> yes some ingress filtering mechanisms are ineffective when the
attacker moves after the launch of its attack but this has nothing
to do with using mobile IPv6 for the attack...

   The MN could send off the early BU, then move to a new subnet, leaving
   the victim on the old subnet subject to the attack. With standard RR, the MN
   could do the same trick for nodes on its link, but there the MN has some
   incentive not to, since the impact of a DoS attack on the MN's own traffic
   may be negative.
   
=> attacks from someone on the same link are a real issue and
one way to solve it, SEND, gives near nothing...

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
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Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00 
In-reply-to: Your message of Wed, 03 Mar 2004 20:39:36 PST.
             <Roam.SIMC.2.0.6.1078375176.17609.nordmark@bebop.france> 
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   > => this is the first property, the second is to be immune to
   > the ingress filtering (the CoA is the source address and is the
   > address of the victim so the ingress filtering is the proper defense).
   
   Are you saying that the source address of the BU must be the (new) CoA?
   
=> yes!

   Hmm - maybe that is sufficient in the MIPv6 case (I have multi6 in the back
   of my head as well, which has a variant of the same issues.)
   
=> I don't know a case where a real alternate CoA is needed or even
useful with a common correspondent in Mobile IPv6. If such a case
exists for multi-homing, it should be written down to:
 - analyze possible security issues
 - avoid that someone proposes to zap this feature to make
   correspondent code simpler!

   Perhaps the draft discusses this...

=> this is for Christian.

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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> => attacks from someone on the same link are a real issue and
> one way to solve it, SEND, gives near nothing...

Sure. It wasn't intended to. It's only intended to secure the IP address/L2
address resolution, and router discovery, not third party DoS attacks.

            jak


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Erik Nordmark wrote:
>>=> this is the first property, the second is to be immune to
>>the ingress filtering (the CoA is the source address and is the
>>address of the victim so the ingress filtering is the proper defense).
> 
> 
> Are you saying that the source address of the BU must be the (new) CoA?
> 
> Hmm - maybe that is sufficient in the MIPv6 case (I have multi6 in the back
> of my head as well, which has a variant of the same issues.)

Its a necessary but imho insufficient condition that the new care-of
address is the source of EBUs. The HAO and the home tests ensure that
the victim will always know where the stuff is coming from. Its the same
also if I send to him the packets directly. But what we in my opinion
should prevent is the amplification, not pure reflection.

> Perhaps the draft discusses this, but when you handle an early binding update,
> when is "HoA check" in the binding cache updated?
> In basic MIPv6 this happens when the BU is processed i.e. after that
> the MN can no longer send packets with the old CoA as the source since
> the Home Address option check will drop such packets.

That's right.

> If the same thing applies in the early binding update case it means

I think it should.

> that the attacker can not send any "ack" packets to the CN since they
> would contain the "old" CoA - oops - they would not carry a home address
> option thus they would not be subject to "the HOA and IP src must match
> the binding cache" check.
> Hmm...

Well, isn't the sending of the acks already prevented by ingress
filtering? I mean if you have ingress filtering, you might not even
be able to send the EBU to begin with, let alone spoofed ACKs.

However, we are in part trying to build these things so that the
lack of ingress filtering doesn't open up the situation for many
new attacks. Remember that the victim can have ingress filtering
but the attacker not.

--Jari


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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   > => attacks from someone on the same link are a real issue and
   > one way to solve it, SEND, gives near nothing...
   
   Sure. It wasn't intended to. It's only intended to secure the IP address/L2
   address resolution, and router discovery, not third party DoS attacks.
   
=> (likely to be ou of the scope :-) The point I tried to raise is that
some smart devices can detect attackers which are stealing your address
but without what SEND had promised they can't know which are real owners
so either are limited to detection or can be misued for DoS (e.g. when
they "locked" to the first seen)...

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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Francis Dupont wrote:

> => if ingress filtering is used and is effective, it can't. If ingress
> filtering is not used or is not effective, you are already dead and
> relaxed/delayed CoA check won't change this.

Ah, I think I can see our difference now better. Thanks
for the explanation.

My view is that there's different levels of being "dead".
What I want to prevent is an amplification attack where
bad guys can cause a lot more packets to the victims than
what they have to send.

My current view is that even with no ingress filtering,
there is no such clear attack in plain IP which would enable
significant amplification. But I may have missed something.
I think we can agree that if vulnerability X makes the
ingress filtering-less situation much worse ("more dead")
than it already is, this would be a problem.

Alternatively, your opinion is that the situation is already
so bad without ingress filtering that its hopeless, and some
increase in vulnerabilities does not matter any more.
OTOH, there seems to be a nasty issue with the victims not
getting protection from their OWN ingress filter but from
the attacker's ingress, if any.

--Jari


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Francis Dupont wrote:
>  In your previous mail you wrote:
> 
>    But what we in my opinion
>    should prevent is the amplification, not pure reflection.
>    
> => this is the detail we disagree: if we prevent pure reflection,
> we prevent this attack and all others using the same hole but
> which are *reality*, not speculations.

I can understand that. But isn't there still a difference? I mean you
and I have no power whatsoever to get the service providers to
use ingress filtering. But we do have a choice of protocol designs,
and there we can have an effect. I agree that if we could make the
world ingress filtered, we wouldn't need any of this. But while this
is not yet the case, I wouldn't like to let the 5% of the Internet
that is not ingress filtered cause even more serious attacks to the
rest than they already can do.

> => it doesn't matter to get new attacks, it does matter to get no new
> attacks which have a definitive advantage over current attacks, e.g.
> which defeat ingress filtering by hiding the source address...

Agreed.

--Jari


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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
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             <4046E491.7070303@kolumbus.fi> 
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   > => if ingress filtering is used and is effective, it can't. If ingress
   > filtering is not used or is not effective, you are already dead and
   > relaxed/delayed CoA check won't change this.
   
   Ah, I think I can see our difference now better. Thanks
   for the explanation.
   
   My view is that there's different levels of being "dead".
   What I want to prevent is an amplification attack where
   bad guys can cause a lot more packets to the victims than
   what they have to send.
   
=> I object: what you call an amplification attack causes a
number of packets of the same order. Packets are larger (MTU size
in place of ACKs) but they don't come for free and are limited
to a sending window per correspondent. This for the theory
but unfortunately we know what happens in the real world:
DDoS attackers use zombies which both give unbound amplification
and hide the real origin of the attacks. They don't seem to
use reflection even when reflection disperses traffic between
sources and the victim.

   My current view is that even with no ingress filtering,
   there is no such clear attack in plain IP which would enable
   significant amplification.

=> do you ever read the news?

   so bad without ingress filtering that its hopeless, and some
   increase in vulnerabilities does not matter any more.

=> it doesn't matter: using mobile IPv6 has a very bad property
for attackers: it makes them easier to track because of the HoA.

   OTOH, there seems to be a nasty issue with the victims not
   getting protection from their OWN ingress filter but from
   the attacker's ingress, if any.
   
=> this is a bad thing which has nothing to do with Mobile IPv6...

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00 
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   I can understand that. But isn't there still a difference? I mean you
   and I have no power whatsoever to get the service providers to
   use ingress filtering.

=> IMHO you should talk with some ISP people.. The reason ingress
filtering is not universlly deployed is not the one you seems to
believe...

   But we do have a choice of protocol designs,
   and there we can have an effect. I agree that if we could make the
   world ingress filtered, we wouldn't need any of this.

=> we have to make the world ingress filtered because the current
attacks are already enough deadly.

   But while this
   is not yet the case, I wouldn't like to let the 5% of the Internet
   that is not ingress filtered cause even more serious attacks to the
   rest than they already can do.
   
=> they already can do more than enough. As I said, we should mainly
care to avoid new attacks which cannot be handled by ingress filtering
<period>

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

PS: If I apply your proposed criterion we should kill Mobile IPv6 ASAP:
imagine that a bad guy gets control over a home agent, just because it
runs our favorite junk OS, and to seem more secure whole HA-MN tunnels
are protected by ESP. With a very small number of BUs and IKE DPD the
attacker can remotely divert all the traffic destinated to MNs to where
he'd like and as this traffic is ESP victim knows only the HA address
and can't send TCP RST for instance.
PPS: here "control" is control over the AAA system of the HA: it is
enough and should be easier and more discrete than full control.

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Francis,

I am trying to understand your argument better..

> In your previous mail you wrote:
> 
>    But what we in my opinion
>    should prevent is the amplification, not pure reflection.
>    
> => this is the detail we disagree: if we prevent pure reflection,
> we prevent this attack and all others using the same hole but
> which are *reality*, not speculations.
> 
>    I mean if you have ingress filtering,
> 
> => this is the only case which makes sense.
> 
>    you might not even
>    be able to send the EBU to begin with, let alone spoofed ACKs.
>    
>    However, we are in part trying to build these things so that the
>    lack of ingress filtering doesn't open up the situation for many
>    new attacks.
> 
> => it doesn't matter to get new attacks, it does matter to get no new
> attacks which have a definitive advantage over current attacks, e.g.
> which defeat ingress filtering by hiding the source address...
> 
I can see your point. Your point is about why would anyone use MIPv6 when
one can use plain IPv6 to launch the reflection attack. Using MIPv6 also has
a dis-advantage that it exposes the home address of the attacker. But 
does it mean that we can design protocols with this vulnerability expecting
that ingress filtering will get deployed in the future which will automatically
solve this problem ? Then why do we have to CoTI/CoT messages at all in
the base protocol ? Assume we ban the alternate care-of-address option,
and also that ingress filtering will get deployed in the future, does that
mean CoT/CoTI is not needed at all ? I don't think that the reason that
EBU just limits the attack to a very small amount of time is good
enough as the attacker just have to send a lot more EBUs for it to
increase the magnitude.

-mohan

> Regards
> 
> Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Mip6 mailing list
> Mip6@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6

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Hi all,

I put the summary of MIPv6 interoperability test at Connectathon2004.
It is not test result, I can not disclose test result due to NDA.

Please visit here.
http://www.tahi.org/presentation/

Thanks,

...miyata@tahi


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Date: Wed, 03 Mar 2004 23:44:05 +0100
From: Thomas Schmidt <Schmidt@fhtw-berlin.de>
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To: Rod.Walsh@nokia.com
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Subject: Re: [Mip6] NEW ID ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
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Hi Rod, hi Joo,

Rod.Walsh@nokia.com wrote:

> I quickly read your Internet draft with interest and would like to
> know if you will intend to discuss it on the mobopts mail list?
> 
> I have been working on multicast to mobiles for some time and would
> be happy to exchange ideas.
> 
> 
> Here are some early thoughts on your document:
> 
> The problem and solution seem to do a good job for multicast
> receivers.
> 
A matter of debate could be, wether FMIPv6 is a well suited fundament 
for multicast distribution. FMIP must be eager to anticipate handovers 
(if it will work well), thus exhibiting a significant likelyhood of 
wrong predictions.

In the multicast case this will lead to an unwanted quantity of uneeded 
remote subscriptions, unneccessary branches in the multicast trees ...

... from our point of view the smoother hmipv6 MAP architecture is much 
more appropriate as multicast agents ...

> How does the PAR learn of the NAR address? (In the sense that: Is
> there something that would be in scope for Multicast Fast Handover,
> that's different from unicast/existing fast handover?)
> 

If we understand correctly: This is just taken from FMIPv6's prediction. 
  There should be nothing exclusive to multicast.

> Some discussion on IGMP/MLD-snooping and the role of access points as
> switches could be appropriate too - to deal with the situation where
> AP changes but AR does not.

Mhmm, this might be more a concern of underlying L2 specification. The 
FMIPv6 approach leaves L2 specs to additional documents.
> 
> Also, there are several security risks. Of particular trouble are the
> DoS possibilities of setting up state in many "NARs" by a
> broken/malicious "MN", and sending to multiple ARs malicious
> multicast data (e.g. to destroy usability of the "expected service").
> SSM is worth mentioning and also access control. As far as I am
> certain there are 2 ongoing activities on multicast (AR) access
> control: MCOP, IGAP. And I think there's a 3rd in MAGMA - so no need
> to address the whole access control solution, just explain the impact
> and use for this fast multicast handover. (I guess you already have
> these ideas for the 01 draft :)
> 
> Tunnelling multicast from PAR to NAR is not so scalable, this should
> be mentioned. Perhaps suggest a means to time-out these tunnels so
> that the tunnelling is only transitory since using the "PAR" as the
> tunnel other-end point reduces scalability of that AR.
> 
Tunneling in this approach only occurs, if NAR refuses to subscribe to 
the wanted multicast group ... question is: when will this happen? On 
which bases would a NAR decide not to support a specific group?

Cheers,

Thomas & Matthias


<more of the previous mails to come for mobopts folks:>

> The differentiation between receiver-only, sender-only and
> reciever+sender MNs would be a good discussion item too. For
> instance, I think your solution is great for receivers, but for
> senders (especially send-only non-group-members) it does not solve
> the problem. Perhaps this is just an issue of limiting the scope to
> receiver mobility. Maybe it is currently helping readability to not
> cover sender mobility in this draft, so one option is to consider
> these aspects in a separate draft - at the same time or a later
> stage.
> 
> Also, one small NIT: please make it explicit which references are
> normative (essential) and which are informative (I guess all 4 are
> normative)?
> 
> Have you had any earlier feedback or discussion on the MIPSHOP (or
> other WG) email lists?
> 
> 
> Cheers, Rod.
> 
> 
> 
> -----Original Message----- From: mip6-admin@ietf.org
> [mailto:mip6-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of ext Kyungjoo Suh Sent:
> Wednesday, March 03, 2004 3:05 PM To: mip6@ietf.org ; ??? Subject:
> [Mip6] NEW ID ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> New draft is available which is Fast multicast protocol.
> 
> This document defines the Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6 [2]
> in the Fast Handovers environments whereby a mobile node (MN) can
> receive multicast data with reduced loss and delay after handoffs.
> 
> Please refer to following document.
> 
> sincerely, Kyungjoo Suh (Joo)
> 
> 
> 
> ===================================================================================================
> 
> 
> I-D ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
> 
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> 
> To: IETF-Announce: ; Subject: I-D
> ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt From: Internet-Drafts at
> ietf.org Date: Fri, 06 Feb 2004 15:41:59 -0500 Reply-to:
> Internet-Drafts at ietf.org Sender: owner-ietf-announce at ietf.org
> 
> --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> 
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
> directories.
> 
> 
> Title		: Fast Multicast Protocol for Mobile IPv6 Author(s)	: K. Suh 
> Filename	: draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt Pages		: 13 Date		:
> 2004-2-6  This document defines the Fast Multicast Protocol for
> Mobile IPv6 [2] in the Fast Handovers environments whereby a mobile
> node (MN) can receive multicast data with reduced loss and delay
> after handoffs. The proposed protocol can be implemented by the
> simple modification of the Fast Handovers protocol [1] so that it can
> be easily applied to the Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6. This
> document does not need a certain assumption of a specific multicast
> routing protocol, so that any existing multicast routing protocol can
> be used with the proposed protocol.
> 
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is: 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
> 
> 
> To remove yourself from the IETF Announcement list, send a message to
>  ietf-announce-request with the word unsubscribe in the body of the
> message.
> 
> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the
> username "anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After
> logging in, type "cd internet-drafts" and then "get
> draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt".
> 
> A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in 
> http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html or
> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt
> 
> 
> Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.
> 
> Send a message to: mailserv@ietf.org. In the body type: "FILE
> /internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt".  NOTE:	The
> mail server at ietf.org can return the document in MIME-encoded form
> by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this feature, insert the
> command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE" command.  To decode the
> response(s), you will need "munpack" or a MIME-compliant mail reader.
> Different MIME-compliant mail readers exhibit different behavior,
> especially when dealing with "multipart" MIME messages (i.e.
> documents which have been split up into multiple messages), so check
> your local documentation on how to manipulate these messages.   Below
> is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mail reader 
> implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII version of the 
> Internet-Draft.
> 
> <ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt>
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________ Mip6 mailing list 
> Mip6@ietf.org https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
> 
> _______________________________________________ Mip6 mailing list 
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> 

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From: Thomas Schmidt <Schmidt@fhtw-berlin.de>
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Subject: Re: [Mobopts] Re: [Mip6] NEW ID ACTION:draft-suh-mipshop-fmcast-mip6-00.txt
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Hi Jak,

James Kempf wrote:

> 
> Actually, we've found it the case of FMIPv4 on 802.11 that the performance
> for reactive handover is perfectly adequate. There is some slight additional
> delay and one loses packets during the L2 handover (if the proprietary
> buffer fowarding at the AP is turned off) but other than that, it works
> fine. 

Yes, basically the predictive handover delay / time of packet loss is 
(approximately) proportional to (RTT(PAR,NAR) - L2-handoff), if routers 
are not too close to each other.
On the contrary, reactive handover delay is (approximately) proportional 
to (RTT(PAR,NAR)/2 + L2-handoff).
(see reference to ICN04 in 
http://www.rz.fhtw-berlin.de/projekte/ipv6/mipv6.html)

>Unfortuantely, I can't send the paper out because it is under
> consideration for publication. 

Does the paper already carry a title (so we can whatch out?)

So then you can cite our paper ;)

> We haven't specifically looked at multicast,
> but I can't see how it could be a problem. The multicast traffic will get
> forwarded through the tunnel until the mobile node does MLD for the group
> with the new router, at which point the routing change will propagate. 

The idea of the fmcast is to do a predictive remote subscription, which 
would be clearly neat, if there wasn't the issue with routing ...

This routing issue becomes even more apparent if you look at multicast 
senders: the erection of a source tree for a moving source is heavy 
weight and may take up to the order of minutes. We don't want to 
initiate this with every (micromobile) handover or, even worse, without use.

> There
> is of course an issue with the route propagating, and, in that sense, HMIP
> might be better if the multicast routing tree is rooted in the MAP.

Maybe you want to take a look at

ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/internet-drafts/draft-schmidt-waehlisch-mhmipv6-01.txt.

cheers

thomas & matthias

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Subject: [Mip6] Updated CFP for Med-Hoc-Net 2004
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------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             ANNOUNCEMENTS:
      - PAPER SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS EXTENDED TO MARCH 12, 2004.
      - PAPERS WILL BE SUBMITTED THROUGH EDAS SYSTEM
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
			    Med-Hoc-Net 2004

	The Third Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop

		  June 27-30, 2004, Bodrum, Turkey
		  http://www.medhoc04/diit/unict.it

			    Call for Papers
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 

Scope:

Ad hoc network applications are emerging continuously imposing their own
stringent constraints which cannot be fulfilled by generic approaches and
thus spur new research efforts. Therefore, ad hoc networks attract growing
attention from the research community. The aim of Med-Hoc-Net 2004 is to
serve as a platform for researchers and visionaries from academia, research
labs, and industry from all over the globe to share their ideas, views,
results, and experiences in the field of ad-hoc networking and
communications. Med-Hoc-Net 2004 will include presentations of theoretical
and experimental achievements, innovative ad-hoc systems, prototyping 
efforts,
case studies, and advancements in technology directly affecting ad-hoc
networking and communications infrastructures.

The papers solicited in Med-Hoc-Net 2004 cover a variety of topics
including but not limited to:

- Novel ad-hoc network architectures and applications,
- Sensor network applications and protocols,
- Implementations, testbeds, and prototypes,
- Interfacing ad-hoc systems with different networks,
- Resource discovery and management,
- Power management and control,
- Call admission and traffic shaping policies for ad-hoc networks,
- Multimedia location services,
- Self organization and network reconfiguration,
- Protocols for QoS support in ad-hoc networks,
- QoS support in Bluetooth, HIPERLAN, IEEE 802.11 etc.,
- MAC protocols, scheduling, and radio resource sharing in ad hoc
   networks,
- Unicast and multicast routing algorithms and protocols,
- Transport layer protocols for multi-hop networks,
- Congestion control,
- Performance evaluation of ad-hoc network protocols through simulations,
   analysis, and measurements,
- Security in ad-hoc networks,
- Fault tolerance and error recovery
- Signal processing algorithms (coding, compression) for ad-hoc networks

The program committee will referee all papers, and accepted papers will
be published in the conference proceedings. Papers of particular merit
will be published in the Elsevier Ad Hoc Networks Journal.

Manuscripts must be formatted according to the IEEE double-column standard
format, except the font size, which must be 11pt. Authors should use only
standard fonts, i.e., Times Roman, Courier, Symbol, and Helvetica, or
their equivalent. The maximum length of the manuscript is 12 pages.

NEW: THE PAPER SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS EXTENDED TO MARCH 12, 2004
      PAPERS WILL BE SUBMITTED THROUGH EDAS SYSTEM

Papers should be submitted in pdf or ps format through EDAS system
(http://edas.info) according to the following timetable:

Important Dates:
Full Paper Electronic Submission:		March 12, 2004
Tutorial proposal submission:			April 15, 2004
Notification of Acceptance/Rejection:           May 3, 2004
Camera ready submission of full papers:		May 17, 2004
Tutorial date:					June 27, 2004
Conference dates:				June 28-30, 2004


Organization Committee:
General Chair:
    Ian F. Akyildiz, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA

General Vice Chair:
   Erdal Cayirci, Istanbul Technical University, TURKEY

Technical Program Chairs:
    Giacomo Morabito, University of Catania, ITALY
    Eylem Ekici, Ohio State University, USA

Tutorial Chairs:
    Francesca Cuomo, University of Rome - La Sapienza, ITALY
    Christos Douligeris, University of Piraeus, GREECE

Publicity  Chairs:
    Buyurman Baykal, Middle East Technical University, TURKEY
    Jaudelice Cavalcante de Oliveira, Drexel University, USA

Registration Chair:
    Sebnem Baydere, Yeditepe University, TURKEY


Technical Program Committee:

Khaldoun Al Agha, Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, FRANCE
Hamid Aghvami, King's College London, UK
Eitan Altman, INRIA, FRANCE
Roberto Battiti, University of Trento, ITALY
Raouf Boutaba, University of Waterloo, CANADA
Walid Dabbous, INRIA, FRANCE
Magda El Zarki, University of California at Irvine, USA
Luigi Fratta, Politecnico di Milano, ITALY
Mario Gerla, UCLA, USA
Paul J. M. Havinga, University of Twente, NETHERLANDS
Ahmed Helmy, University of Southern California, USA
Farouk Kamoun, ENSI, TUNISIA
Holger Karl, Technical University of Berlin, GERMANY
Ulf  Korner, Lund Institute of Technology, SWEDEN
Bhaskar Krishnamachari, University of Southern California, USA
Marwan Krunz, University of Arizona, USA
Albert Levi, Sabanci University, TURKEY
Janise McNair, University of Florida, USA
Lazaros Merakos, University of Athens, GREECE
Ioanis Nikolaidis, University of Alberta, CANADA
Ariel Orda, Technion, ISRAEL
Sergio Palazzo, University of Catania, ITALY
Giovanni Pau, UCLA, USA
Chiara Petrioli, University of Rome "La Sapienza", ITALY
Andreas Pitsillides, University of Cyprus, CYPRUS
Guy Pujolle, LIP6, FRANCE
Paolo Santi, CNR, ITALY
Adrian Segall, Technion, ISRAEL
Ness Shroff, Purdue University, USA
Moshe Sidi, Technion, ISRAEL
Raghupathy Sivakumar, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
Ioannis Stavrakakis, University of Athens, GREECE
Ivan Stojmenovic, University of Ottawa, CANADA
Violet R. Syrotiuk, Arizona State University, USA
Leandros Tassiulas, University of Thessaly, GREECE
Damla Turgut, University of Central Florida, USA
Bernhard H. Walke, Aachen University of Technology, GERMANY
Wenye Wang, North Carolina State University, USA
Michele Zorzi, University of Ferrara, ITALY



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Subject: [Mip6] ACM MobiCom 2004 CFP - Paper registrations due March 8
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We apologize in advance if you receive multiple copies of this CFP.

----------------------------------------------------------------------

                           =20
                             CALL FOR PAPERS
                                   =20
                              MobiCom 2004
               The Tenth Annual International Conference
                   on Mobile Computing and Networking
                 =20
                      September 26 - October 1, 2004
                          Philadelphia, PA, USA
             (dates and location are subject to final approval)

                 http://www.sigmobile.org/mobicom/2004/

                       Sponsored by ACM SIGMOBILE

                             IMPORTANT DATES:
                         Paper registrations due:
                              March 8, 2004
                          Paper submissions due:
                              March 15, 2004
                        Notification of acceptance:
                              June 21, 2004
                        Camera-ready versions due:
                              July 25, 2004
=20
ACM MobiCom 2004, the Tenth Annual International Conference on Mobile
Computing and Networking, is the tenth in the series of annual =
conferences
sponsored by ACM SIGMOBILE and dedicated to addressing the challenges in =
the
areas of mobile computing and wireless and mobile networking. The =
MobiCom
conference series serves as the premier international forum addressing
networks, systems, algorithms, and applications that support the =
symbiosis
of mobile computers and wireless networks. MobiCom is a highly =
selective,
single-track conference focusing on all issues in mobile computing and
wireless and mobile networking at the link layer and above.
=20
 PAPERS: Authors are invited to submit full papers presenting new =
research
related to the theory or practice of mobile computing and networking. =
All
submissions must describe original research that is not published or
currently under review by another conference or journal. Areas of =
interest
include, but are not limited to:
-	Applications and computing services supporting mobile users
-	Architectures, protocols, and algorithms to cope with mobility,
limited
      bandwidth, or intermittent connectivity
-	Database and data management issues in mobile computing
-	Operating system and middleware support for mobile computing and=20
      networking
-	Distributed systems aspects of mobile computing
-	New mobile and wireless applications
-	Integration and interworking of wired and wireless networks=09
-	Performance of mobile and wireless networks and systems=20
-	Location-dependent applications and protocols
-	Security and privacy of mobile/wireless systems
-	Mobile ad hoc and sensor networks
-	Wireless multimedia systems
-	Algorithms and protocols for power management and control
-	Service creation and management environments for mobile/wireless
systems
=20
The program committee will referee all papers, and accepted papers will =
be
published in the conference proceedings. Selected papers will appear in =
a
special issue of the ACM/Kluwer Wireless Networks (WINET) journal.
=20
CHALLENGES PAPERS: The conference also solicits short papers (maximum of =
8
pages) that challenge the mobile computing community with revolutionary =
new
approaches, new technologies, or visionary applications. Such papers =
should
provide stimulating ideas or grand visions that may open up exciting =
avenues
of far-reaching future research. Descriptions of new products or simple
evolution of existing work are not appropriate as Challenges Papers.
Challenges Papers will be reviewed and should be submitted using the =
normal
submission procedure. The title of such papers must start with the word
"Challenges," i.e., "Challenges: ... `rest of the title'."
=20
SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS: All paper submissions will be handled
electronically. Authors should prepare a PDF or a PostScript version of
their full paper. Papers must be no longer than 15 pages (8 pages for
Challenges submissions), font size not smaller than 10 points, and must =
fit
properly on U.S. "letter"-sized paper (8.5x11 inches) with reasonable
margins. Detailed instructions for the paper submission procedure and =
format
will be available on the conference web pages. The deadline for =
registering
the title and the abstract of the paper with our electronic submission
system is March 8, 2004 and the deadline for submitting the actual paper =
is
March 15, 2004. All deadlines are 11:59PM EST.

All submitted papers will be judged based on their quality through
double-blind review process, where the identities of the authors are
withheld from the reviewers. Authors should not be identifiable by any =
means
from the paper or from the PDF or the Postscript file. Guidelines for
preparing the paper for blind reviewing, as well as electronic paper
submission instructions, will be available on the conference web pages.

Submitted or substantially similar papers must not be currently under =
review
for any other publication. Please direct any questions regarding paper
submission to the Program Co-Chairs, Samir Das and Ravi Jain at
mobicom_pcchairs@acm.org.
=20
TUTORIALS: Proposals for tutorials are solicited. Evaluation of tutorial
proposals will be based on the expertise and experience of the =
instructors
and on the relevance of the subject matter. Potential instructors are
requested to submit a tutorial proposal of at most 5 pages, including a
biographical sketch, to the Tutorial Co-Chairs, Andrew Campbell
(campbell@ee.columbia.edu) and Taieb Znati (tznati@nsf.gov). The =
deadline
for tutorial proposals is April 05, 2004.
=20
PANELS: Panel proposals are solicited that examine innovative,
controversial, or otherwise provocative issues of interest. Panel =
proposals
should not exceed 3 pages, including biographical sketches of the =
panelists.
Potential panel organizers should contact the Panel Co-Chairs, Prathima
Agrawal (pagrawal@eng.auburn.edu) and Tao Zhang
(tao@research.telcordia.com). The deadline for panel proposals is April =
26,
2004.
=20
RESEARCH DEMOS AND EXHIBITS: Proposals for research demos are solicited.
Proposals should not exceed 3 pages and should include a description of =
the
demo and equipment to be used. Send proposals to the Research Demo =
Chair,
Elizabeth Belding-Royer (ebelding@cs.ucsb.edu). The deadline for demo
proposals is July 12, 2004. We are also planning an Expo featuring =
exhibits
of the latest mobile computing products and services.

STUDENT POSTER SESSION: Student posters are solicited that present =
recent
and on-going research by students on mobile computing and mobile and
wireless networking topics. Student posters should not exceed 2 pages =
and
should include a description of the student's research. See above for =
paper
formatting requirements. Accepted posters will be put on the conference =
web
page; however, they will not be printed in the conference proceedings. =
Send
poster submissions to the Student Poster Co-Chairs, Chiara Petrioli
(petrioli@di.uniroma1.it) and Stefano Basagni (basagni@ece.neu.edu). The
deadline for student posters is July 12, 2004.

BEST STUDENT PAPER AWARD: Papers with a student as a primary author will =
be
considered for the Best Student Paper Award, with a cash award of 1000 =
USD.
Students must indicate with their submission that they would like to be
considered for this award. The student author of the awarded paper is
expected to present the paper at the conference.
=20
 GENERAL CHAIR
	               Zygmunt Haas
                     Cornell University
                     =20
 PROGRAM CO-CHAIRS
		         Samir R. Das
                     Stony Brook University, SUNY
                     =20
                     Ravi Jain
                     DoCoMo USA Labs

 STEERING COMMITTEE CHAIR
			   Imrich Chlamtac
			   University of Texas at Dallas


 ACM PROGRAM DIRECTOR
                     Ginger Ignatoff


 Additional committee members will be announced on the conference web =
page.


_______________________________________________
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Mip6@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6



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Message-ID: <02dd01c4046b$c24dd8f0$5347038d@tm.unikarlsruhe.de>
From: "Christian Vogt" <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
To: "Mohan Parthasarathy" <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
Cc: "Francis Dupont" <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>,
        "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>,
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References: <200403040804.i2484sSj064874@givry.rennes.enst-bretagne.fr> <00f001c40257$854553e0$6401a8c0@adithya>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00 
Date: Sun, 7 Mar 2004 18:43:52 +0100
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Message-ID: <009101c40537$2c4472c0$861167c0@adithya>
From: "Mohan Parthasarathy" <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
To: "Christian Vogt" <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
Cc: "Francis Dupont" <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>,
        "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>,
        "Erik Nordmark" <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>, <mip6@ietf.org>
References: <200403040804.i2484sSj064874@givry.rennes.enst-bretagne.fr> <00f001c40257$854553e0$6401a8c0@adithya> <02dd01c4046b$c24dd8f0$5347038d@tm.unikarlsruhe.de>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00 
Date: Mon, 8 Mar 2004 09:59:59 -0800
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> > I don't think that the reason that EBU just limits
> > the attack to a very small amount of time is good
> > enough as the attacker just have to send a lot more
> > EBUs for it to increase the magnitude.
>
>
> Hi Mohan,
>
> I agree that solely limiting the time during which data packets can be =
sent to an unverified care-of address - i.e., a care-of
address for which a care-of-address test has not yet been accomplished - =
is insufficient to prevent flooding attacks. For this
reason, Early Binding Updates apply a mechanism, Credit-Based Authorizati=
on, to ensure that the data volume sent to a mobile node at
an unverified care-of address is limited by the effort which the mobile n=
ode has recently spent while its care-of address was
verified.
>
> I gave a presentation of Credit-Based Authorization during the MOBOPTS-=
Session of the 59th IETF meeting. The mechanism will be
detailed in the next version of the Internet-Draft on Early Binding Updat=
es.
>
Ok. By limiting the amount of data sent during the "unverified care-of-ad=
dress" window, you
still want it to be useful for applications that wanted to use EBU. Not k=
nowing the details, i will
wait for your next version of the draft.

-mohan

> Kind regards,
>
>
> - Christian
>
>
> |
> | Christian Vogt
> | Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe (TH)
> | www.tm.uka.de/~chvogt/
> |
>
>
> Mohan Parthasarathy wrote:
> > Francis,
> >
> > I am trying to understand your argument better..
> >
> >> In your previous mail you wrote:
> >>
> >>    But what we in my opinion
> >>    should prevent is the amplification, not pure reflection.
> >>
> >> =3D> this is the detail we disagree: if we prevent pure reflection,
> >> we prevent this attack and all others using the same hole but
> >> which are *reality*, not speculations.
> >>
> >>    I mean if you have ingress filtering,
> >>
> >> =3D> this is the only case which makes sense.
> >>
> >>    you might not even
> >>    be able to send the EBU to begin with, let alone spoofed ACKs.
> >>
> >>    However, we are in part trying to build these things so that the
> >>    lack of ingress filtering doesn't open up the situation for many
> >>    new attacks.
> >>
> >> =3D> it doesn't matter to get new attacks, it does matter to get no =
new
> >> attacks which have a definitive advantage over current attacks, e.g.
> >> which defeat ingress filtering by hiding the source address...
> >>
> > I can see your point. Your point is about why would anyone use MIPv6
> > when
> > one can use plain IPv6 to launch the reflection attack. Using MIPv6
> > also has
> > a dis-advantage that it exposes the home address of the attacker. But
> > does it mean that we can design protocols with this vulnerability
> > expecting that ingress filtering will get deployed in the future
> > which will automatically solve this problem ? Then why do we have to
> > CoTI/CoT messages at all in
> > the base protocol ? Assume we ban the alternate care-of-address
> > option,
> > and also that ingress filtering will get deployed in the future, does
> > that mean CoT/CoTI is not needed at all ? I don't think that the
> > reason that
> > EBU just limits the attack to a very small amount of time is good
> > enough as the attacker just have to send a lot more EBUs for it to
> > increase the magnitude.
> >
> > -mohan
>
> 2*zT=A8=A5Sx%S=CBLSz=A2z=D7=E8=AE=08m=B6>?=FF 0?=EB_=A2=B8?T=A8=A5T=A9=FF=
-+-Sw=E8=FEh=A9


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Date: Tue, 09 Mar 2004 04:50:22 +0200
From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-haddad-mipv6-omipv6-01.txt
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Hi Francis,

>       however, it becomes negative if it happens that the initial
>       DH exchange was compromised and is now in control of the binding.
>       It can perhaps be argued that this attack is hard, because the
>       attacker would have to be both on the mobile node - correspondent
>       node and home agent - correspondent node paths.
>    
> => this is the trade-off and as a trade-off it has advantages and
> disadvantages.

Fair enough. I think that's a reasonable position (even
if we still disagree about the seriousness of the
disadvantages).

In any case, I think it would be useful if we could develop
some analysis model that would help quantify the effects in
some manner, better than arguing "its good that we prevent
attacks later than the lock-on time" or "its bad that attackers
can grab an address for a long time".

>       But this only requires presence on the path from the home
>       agent to the correspondent node. It is not an issue in RR, since
>       nodes that are on that path can perform equally bad attacks anyway
>       and RR limits the vulnerability by requiring that the attack is all
>       the time on this path. With OMIPv6, the attacker would no longer
>       need to be on the path permanently, only once.
>    
> => this is *again* the trade-off... And if you'd like to use
> shorter lifetime for OMIPv6 you'll get more vulnerability
> windows. Perhaps you'd like to adapt the OMIPv6 lifetime
> to the strength of the initial mechanism?

That's one possibility. Clearly if you had some pre-arranged
security association you could set the lifetime infinitely long.
I think we agree that in other cases the lifetime should not
be infinitely long.

>       This attack is particularly dangerous for non-mobile nodes.
>       One would normally not assume that hosts without Mobile IPv6
>       support are vulnerable to problems in Mobile IPv6.
> 
> => so one should bann RR which has this unfortunate property.

But I'm sure you see the difference here. With RR, the vulnerability
exists ~ the time that the attacker is on path. With OMIPv6, the
vulnerability exists ~ this amount of time + the lifetime of the DH
key. In the assumed scenario, the host is not MIPv6-aware at all,
so it would be unable to establish its own BCE and key. This is
the kind of thing I think the analysis model should somehow take
into account: effects to plain IPv6 nodes, effects to MIPv6 nodes
that did establish the BCE in time, effects to nodes that did not,
etc.

>       This vulnerability is serious, because a temporary problem expands
>       into a more permanent problem, and can affect any IPv6 node even
>       without Mobile IPv6 support.
>    
> => I agree for the first statement (with something weaker than permanent)
> but not for the second which already stands for RR.

Ok.

>    "Recovery mechanism" -attack
>    
>       Nodes can reboot and forget their state,
> 
> => IMHO the best is to use stable storage because I don't want to
> require longer reboot delays (:-). Note that there are some protocols
> to solve this problem, even with very weak assumptions as in RR.

Stable storage can help, yes.

>    Findings in
>    [draft-aura] make it hard to see an easy way to fix this; basically a
>    "leap-of-faith" or PBK like approach does not sound suitable for the
>    RO problem, even if they can be successfully used in, e.g.,
>    application layer protocols.
> 
> => please note that PBKs were introduced in the RO context so
> this is your personal opinion only.

Of course.

> => an AAA infrastructure covering the mobile and correspondent nodes
> is a very strong assumption.

Sure. I was just listing other possibilities.

> => someone proposed to add a *delayed* binding complete message to
> OMIPv6. Perhaps this will make you happy... BTW this adds no real
> security too.

I'd have to see the specific proposal. But I suspect that if
we are going to do improved RR mechanisms, we are going to
see a number of proposals, learn their mistakes and propose
better mechanisms in the next round. We've already seen this
in the case of draft-vogt which at the beginning had a problem
which is now being addressed.

I think that the long-term effect of a successful attack in
OMIPv6 is a showstopper. But perhaps there's some modification
of the approach that makes this problem go away?

>    As I have said before on the list in other contexts, IMHO it would be
>    good if people who feel there are significant issues would document
>    these issues and make it possible for the rest of us to review the
>    findings. Existing analysis in e.g. draft-nikander and in the old
>    design team notes points to very similar risks that exist for
>    on-path attackers anyway.
>    
> => direct reflection attacks are easier than (mis)using mobile IPv6 RO
> and there are still some people which are afraid when you'd like to
> remove/delayed/etc the care-of test... (:-)

I'm personally happy as long as we don't introduce additional
amplification. But I agree that people will worry about things,
so that's why its really important to address concerns that come
up, e.g. fixed delay => credit-debit. Other than that, I'm not
sure what else we can do, except see if the proposals stand up
after exposing them to review and thinking for some time. If you
remember the initial RR designs, many of them were eventually
shown to be problematic in one way or the other.

>     > long shared secret
>    
>    Hmm... I think the length is not the issue here. Generally in
>    cryptography we feel relatively safe after a certain key length.
>    In base MIPv6, this is 20 octets for the Kbm. I don't think we
>    need more.
>    
> => there are two reasons to be long:
>  - long enough to be immune to the brute force attack
>  - each time you use a secret you reveal something about it, i.e.,
>    you consume its entropy. The 20 octets of the Kbm are used
>    in a very small number of times, this is not the case for

Once to be exact...

>    the Kabm even IMHO you should not have to refresh it (by
>    a new D-H exchange signed by the previous Kabm).

Well, I agree that refresh is necessary if a very large number
of uses is needed.

--Jari



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Subject: [Mip6] Last CFP for Med-Hoc-Net 2004
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We apologize if you receive multiple copies of this message

----------------------------------------------------------------------
                          ANNOUNCEMENTS:
      **Deadline Approaching**
      - PAPER SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS EXTENDED TO MARCH 12, 2004.
      - PAPERS WILL BE SUBMITTED THROUGH EDAS SYSTEM
----------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Med-Hoc-Net 2004

     The Third Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop

           June 27-30, 2004, Bodrum, Turkey
           http://www.medhoc04.diit.unict.it

                 Call for Papers
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Scope:

Ad hoc network applications are emerging continuously imposing their own
stringent constraints which cannot be fulfilled by generic approaches 
and thus spur new research efforts. Therefore, ad hoc networks attract 
growing attention from the research community. The aim of Med-Hoc-Net 
2004 is to serve as a platform for researchers and visionaries from 
academia, research labs, and industry from all over the globe to share 
their ideas, views, results, and experiences in the field of ad-hoc 
networking and communications. Med-Hoc-Net 2004 will include 
presentations of theoretical and experimental achievements, innovative 
ad-hoc systems, prototyping efforts, case studies, and advancements in 
technology directly affecting ad-hoc networking and communications 
infrastructures.

The papers solicited in Med-Hoc-Net 2004 cover a variety of topics
including but not limited to:

- Novel ad-hoc network architectures and applications,
- Sensor network applications and protocols,
- Implementations, testbeds, and prototypes,
- Interfacing ad-hoc systems with different networks,
- Resource discovery and management,
- Power management and control,
- Call admission and traffic shaping policies for ad-hoc networks,
- Multimedia location services,
- Self organization and network reconfiguration,
- Protocols for QoS support in ad-hoc networks,
- QoS support in Bluetooth, HIPERLAN, IEEE 802.11 etc.,
- MAC protocols, scheduling, and radio resource sharing in ad hoc
   networks,
- Unicast and multicast routing algorithms and protocols,
- Transport layer protocols for multi-hop networks,
- Congestion control,
- Performance evaluation of ad-hoc network protocols through 
simulations, analysis, and measurements,
- Security in ad-hoc networks,
- Fault tolerance and error recovery
- Signal processing algorithms (coding, compression) for ad-hoc networks

The program committee will referee all papers, and accepted papers will
be published in the conference proceedings. Papers of particular merit
will be published in the Elsevier Ad Hoc Networks Journal.

Manuscripts must be formatted according to the IEEE double-column standard
format, except the font size, which must be 11pt. Authors should use only
standard fonts, i.e., Times Roman, Courier, Symbol, and Helvetica, or
their equivalent. The maximum length of the manuscript is 12 pages.

NEW: THE PAPER SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS EXTENDED TO MARCH 12, 2004
      PAPERS WILL BE SUBMITTED THROUGH EDAS SYSTEM

Papers should be submitted in pdf or ps format through EDAS system
(http://edas.info) according to the following timetable:

Important Dates:
Full Paper Electronic Submission:        March 12, 2004
Tutorial proposal submission:            April 15, 2004
Notification of Acceptance/Rejection:           May 3, 2004
Camera ready submission of full papers:        May 17, 2004
Tutorial date:                    June 27, 2004
Conference dates:                June 28-30, 2004


Organization Committee:
General Chair:
    Ian F. Akyildiz, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA

General Vice Chair:
   Erdal Cayirci, Istanbul Technical University, TURKEY

Technical Program Chairs:
    Giacomo Morabito, University of Catania, ITALY
    Eylem Ekici, Ohio State University, USA

Tutorial Chairs:
    Francesca Cuomo, University of Rome - La Sapienza, ITALY
    Christos Douligeris, University of Piraeus, GREECE

Publicity  Chairs:
    Buyurman Baykal, Middle East Technical University, TURKEY
    Jaudelice Cavalcante de Oliveira, Drexel University, USA

Registration Chair:
    Sebnem Baydere, Yeditepe University, TURKEY


Technical Program Committee:

Khaldoun Al Agha, Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, FRANCE
Hamid Aghvami, King's College London, UK
Eitan Altman, INRIA, FRANCE
Roberto Battiti, University of Trento, ITALY
Raouf Boutaba, University of Waterloo, CANADA
Walid Dabbous, INRIA, FRANCE
Magda El Zarki, University of California at Irvine, USA
Luigi Fratta, Politecnico di Milano, ITALY
Mario Gerla, UCLA, USA
Paul J. M. Havinga, University of Twente, NETHERLANDS
Ahmed Helmy, University of Southern California, USA
Farouk Kamoun, ENSI, TUNISIA
Holger Karl, Technical University of Berlin, GERMANY
Ulf  Korner, Lund Institute of Technology, SWEDEN
Bhaskar Krishnamachari, University of Southern California, USA
Marwan Krunz, University of Arizona, USA
Albert Levi, Sabanci University, TURKEY
Janise McNair, University of Florida, USA
Lazaros Merakos, University of Athens, GREECE
Ioanis Nikolaidis, University of Alberta, CANADA
Ariel Orda, Technion, ISRAEL
Sergio Palazzo, University of Catania, ITALY
Giovanni Pau, UCLA, USA
Chiara Petrioli, University of Rome "La Sapienza", ITALY
Andreas Pitsillides, University of Cyprus, CYPRUS
Guy Pujolle, LIP6, FRANCE
Paolo Santi, CNR, ITALY
Adrian Segall, Technion, ISRAEL
Ness Shroff, Purdue University, USA
Moshe Sidi, Technion, ISRAEL
Raghupathy Sivakumar, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
Ioannis Stavrakakis, University of Athens, GREECE
Ivan Stojmenovic, University of Ottawa, CANADA
Violet R. Syrotiuk, Arizona State University, USA
Leandros Tassiulas, University of Thessaly, GREECE
Damla Turgut, University of Central Florida, USA
Bernhard H. Walke, Aachen University of Technology, GERMANY
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Michele Zorzi, University of Ferrara, ITALY




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Subject: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
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Hello folks,

I would like to request that the following document
be considered as a working group document:
   "Preconfigured Binding Management Keys for Mobile IPv6"
	  draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt

This short document was discussed at the recent
IETF meeting, and the basic idea has been discussed
sporadically several times in the past.

Regards,
Charlie P.

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Subject: RE: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
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From: "Soliman Hesham" <H.Soliman@flarion.com>
To: "Charles E. Perkins" <charliep@iprg.nokia.com>,
        "Mobile IPv6 Mailing List" <mip6@ietf.org>
Cc: "Basavaraj Patil (NTC/Dallas)" <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>,
        "Gopal Dommety" <gdommety@cisco.com>
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I have a couple of questions:

- We discussed this before for the base spec and=20
I believe it was suggested that a CoA test would=20
be needed, thoughts?

- What's the max lifetime for the BSA in this scenario?
I didn't see anything in the draft about that.

- Why does the draft say that if nonces exist the "MAY be
ignored" ? shouldn't they just be ignored? under what circumstances
are the nonces acceptable?

Thanks,
Hesham

 > -----Original Message-----
 > From: mip6-admin@ietf.org [mailto:mip6-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
 > Charles E. Perkins
 > Sent: Wednesday, March 10, 2004 5:23 PM
 > To: Mobile IPv6 Mailing List
 > Cc: Basavaraj Patil (NTC/Dallas); Gopal Dommety
 > Subject: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
 >=20
 >=20
 >=20
 > Hello folks,
 >=20
 > I would like to request that the following document
 > be considered as a working group document:
 >    "Preconfigured Binding Management Keys for Mobile IPv6"
 > 	  draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt
 >=20
 > This short document was discussed at the recent
 > IETF meeting, and the basic idea has been discussed
 > sporadically several times in the past.
 >=20
 > Regards,
 > Charlie P.
 >=20
 > _______________________________________________
 > Mip6 mailing list
 > Mip6@ietf.org
 > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
 >=20

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Mar 10 22:02:41 2004
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From: Vijay Devarapalli <vijayd@iprg.nokia.com>
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To: Soliman Hesham <H.Soliman@flarion.com>
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        Mobile IPv6 Mailing List <mip6@ietf.org>,
        "Basavaraj Patil (NTC/Dallas)" <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
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hi Hesham,

Soliman Hesham wrote:

> I have a couple of questions:
> 
> - We discussed this before for the base spec and 
> I believe it was suggested that a CoA test would 
> be needed, thoughts?

did you see the Security Considerations section of the draft?

>    A correspondent node and a mobile node MAY use a preconfigured
>    binding management key (Kbm) to manage the authentication
>    requirements for binding cache management messages.  Such keys must
>    be handled carefully to avoid inadvertent exposure to the threats
>    outlined in [2].

>    A mobile node MUST use a different binding management key (Kbm)
>    for each node in its Binding Update List.  This ensures that the
>    sender of a Binding Update can always be uniquely determined.  This
>    is necessary, as this authorization method does not provide any
>    guarantee that the given care-of address is legitimate.

>    For the same
>    reason, this method SHOULD only be applied between nodes that are
>    under the same administration.  The return routability procedure is
>    RECOMMENDED for all general use and MUST be the default, unless the
>    user explicitly overrides this by entering a key for a particular
>    peer.

if the CN does not trust the MN not to misbehave, then it
shouldnt use this mechanism. it should use return routability.

> - Why does the draft say that if nonces exist the "MAY be
> ignored" ? shouldn't they just be ignored? under what circumstances
> are the nonces acceptable?

the actual text says

> The Nonce Indices option SHOULD NOT
>    be present.  If it is present, the nonce indices supplied MAY be
>    ignored

do you want the packet dropped and an ICMP error generated?

Vijay

ps: the draft is available at 
http://people.nokia.net/charliep/txt/mobilev6/precfg.txt

> 
> Thanks,
> Hesham
> 
>  > -----Original Message-----
>  > From: mip6-admin@ietf.org [mailto:mip6-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
>  > Charles E. Perkins
>  > Sent: Wednesday, March 10, 2004 5:23 PM
>  > To: Mobile IPv6 Mailing List
>  > Cc: Basavaraj Patil (NTC/Dallas); Gopal Dommety
>  > Subject: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
>  > 
>  > 
>  > 
>  > Hello folks,
>  > 
>  > I would like to request that the following document
>  > be considered as a working group document:
>  >    "Preconfigured Binding Management Keys for Mobile IPv6"
>  > 	  draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt
>  > 
>  > This short document was discussed at the recent
>  > IETF meeting, and the basic idea has been discussed
>  > sporadically several times in the past.
>  > 
>  > Regards,
>  > Charlie P.
>  > 
>  > _______________________________________________
>  > Mip6 mailing list
>  > Mip6@ietf.org
>  > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
>  > 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Mip6 mailing list
> Mip6@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6


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Subject: RE: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
Date: Wed, 10 Mar 2004 22:02:23 -0500
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From: "Soliman Hesham" <H.Soliman@flarion.com>
To: "Vijay Devarapalli" <vijayd@iprg.nokia.com>
Cc: "Charles E. Perkins" <charliep@iprg.nokia.com>,
        "Mobile IPv6 Mailing List" <mip6@ietf.org>,
        "Basavaraj Patil (NTC/Dallas)" <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>,
        "Gopal Dommety" <gdommety@cisco.com>
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Hi Vijay,

 > >    A correspondent node and a mobile node MAY use a preconfigured
 > >    binding management key (Kbm) to manage the authentication
 > >    requirements for binding cache management messages. =20
 > Such keys must
 > >    be handled carefully to avoid inadvertent exposure to=20
 > the threats
 > >    outlined in [2].
 >=20
 > >    A mobile node MUST use a different binding management key (Kbm)
 > >    for each node in its Binding Update List.  This ensures that the
 > >    sender of a Binding Update can always be uniquely=20
 > determined.  This
 > >    is necessary, as this authorization method does not provide any
 > >    guarantee that the given care-of address is legitimate.
 >=20
 > >    For the same
 > >    reason, this method SHOULD only be applied between=20
 > nodes that are
 > >    under the same administration.  The return routability=20
 > procedure is
 > >    RECOMMENDED for all general use and MUST be the=20
 > default, unless the
 > >    user explicitly overrides this by entering a key for a=20
 > particular
 > >    peer.
 >=20
 > if the CN does not trust the MN not to misbehave, then it
 > shouldnt use this mechanism. it should use return routability.

=3D> I read this section, but I think your conclusion
is not clear and is not reflected by the text. For instance,
being under the same administration does not imply "trust"
(which is conditional in itself). A public access network
may be under the same administration but operators don't
typically trust subscribers to always do the right thing,=20
especially when you consider anonymous subscriptions ..etc.

 >=20
 > > - Why does the draft say that if nonces exist the "MAY be
 > > ignored" ? shouldn't they just be ignored? under what circumstances
 > > are the nonces acceptable?
 >=20
 > the actual text says
 >=20
 > > The Nonce Indices option SHOULD NOT
 > >    be present.  If it is present, the nonce indices supplied MAY be
 > >    ignored
 >=20
 > do you want the packet dropped and an ICMP error generated?

=3D> This seems like an appropriate reply, unless there=20
is a reason that a packet can be accepted with nonce
indices.=20

 > ps: the draft is available at=20
 > http://people.nokia.net/charliep/txt/mobilev6/precfg.txt

=3D> It's on the IETF web page as well.

Hesham


 >=20
 > >=20
 > > Thanks,
 > > Hesham
 > >=20
 > >  > -----Original Message-----
 > >  > From: mip6-admin@ietf.org=20
 > [mailto:mip6-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
 > >  > Charles E. Perkins
 > >  > Sent: Wednesday, March 10, 2004 5:23 PM
 > >  > To: Mobile IPv6 Mailing List
 > >  > Cc: Basavaraj Patil (NTC/Dallas); Gopal Dommety
 > >  > Subject: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
 > >  >=20
 > >  >=20
 > >  >=20
 > >  > Hello folks,
 > >  >=20
 > >  > I would like to request that the following document
 > >  > be considered as a working group document:
 > >  >    "Preconfigured Binding Management Keys for Mobile IPv6"
 > >  > 	  draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt
 > >  >=20
 > >  > This short document was discussed at the recent
 > >  > IETF meeting, and the basic idea has been discussed
 > >  > sporadically several times in the past.
 > >  >=20
 > >  > Regards,
 > >  > Charlie P.
 > >  >=20
 > >  > _______________________________________________
 > >  > Mip6 mailing list
 > >  > Mip6@ietf.org
 > >  > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
 > >  >=20
 > >=20
 > > _______________________________________________
 > > Mip6 mailing list
 > > Mip6@ietf.org
 > > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
 >=20

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CC: "Charles E. Perkins" <charliep@iprg.nokia.com>,
        Mobile IPv6 Mailing List <mip6@ietf.org>,
        "Basavaraj Patil (NTC/Dallas)" <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>,
        Gopal Dommety <gdommety@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
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>  > >    A correspondent node and a mobile node MAY use a preconfigured
>  > >    binding management key (Kbm) to manage the authentication
>  > >    requirements for binding cache management messages.  
>  > Such keys must
>  > >    be handled carefully to avoid inadvertent exposure to 
>  > the threats
>  > >    outlined in [2].
>  > 
>  > >    A mobile node MUST use a different binding management key (Kbm)
>  > >    for each node in its Binding Update List.  This ensures that the
>  > >    sender of a Binding Update can always be uniquely 
>  > determined.  This
>  > >    is necessary, as this authorization method does not provide any
>  > >    guarantee that the given care-of address is legitimate.
>  > 
>  > >    For the same
>  > >    reason, this method SHOULD only be applied between 
>  > nodes that are
>  > >    under the same administration.  The return routability 
>  > procedure is
>  > >    RECOMMENDED for all general use and MUST be the 
>  > default, unless the
>  > >    user explicitly overrides this by entering a key for a 
>  > particular
>  > >    peer.
>  > 
>  > if the CN does not trust the MN not to misbehave, then it
>  > shouldnt use this mechanism. it should use return routability.
> 
> => I read this section, but I think your conclusion
> is not clear and is not reflected by the text. 

I think the security considerations section is pretty clear. it
says when in doubt dont this mechanism. return routability is
the default mechanism and the one that is applicable for general
use.

>  > > - Why does the draft say that if nonces exist the "MAY be
>  > > ignored" ? shouldn't they just be ignored? under what circumstances
>  > > are the nonces acceptable?
>  > 
>  > the actual text says
>  > 
>  > > The Nonce Indices option SHOULD NOT
>  > >    be present.  If it is present, the nonce indices supplied MAY be
>  > >    ignored
>  > 
>  > do you want the packet dropped and an ICMP error generated?
> 
> => This seems like an appropriate reply, unless there 
> is a reason that a packet can be accepted with nonce
> indices. 

okay.

> 
>  > ps: the draft is available at 
>  > http://people.nokia.net/charliep/txt/mobilev6/precfg.txt
> 
> => It's on the IETF web page as well.

I thought it was not available on the IETF website (it had expired
in October). I should have checked.

Vijay


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Thu Mar 11 02:05:01 2004
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Date: Thu, 11 Mar 2004 08:58:32 +0200
From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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To: "Charles E. Perkins" <charliep@iprg.nokia.com>
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        "Basavaraj Patil (NTC/Dallas)" <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>,
        Gopal Dommety <gdommety@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
References: <F4410B91C6CC314F9582B1A8E91DC9281BE798@ftmail2000> <404FDBE1.2030901@iprg.nokia.com>
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I don't have anything against the preconfigured kbm draft.
However, I think it would be appropriate to discuss priorities
a little bit.

Is the primary purpose of the preconfigured kbm to improve the
latency and reduce signaling associated with RR? Or something
else?

I'm asking because latency/signaling reduction might be solved
by one of the optimized RR proposals. We're not there quite yet,
probably some revision rounds are needed before any of the
current proposals can really be considered for WG items. But
assuming we get there, such mechanisms would be much more
generally applicable than the preconfigured kbm approach.

--Jari


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From: "Charles E. Perkins" <charliep@iprg.nokia.com>
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Subject: Re: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
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Hello Hesham,

Soliman Hesham wrote:

>- We discussed this before for the base spec and 
>I believe it was suggested that a CoA test would 
>be needed, thoughts?
>  
>
No, because the correspondent node has to have some reason
to believe that the mobile node is trustworthy.  This is very
reasonable for many situations, like between you and your
co-workers for instance.  Or, since I actually don't know
about that, then between me and my co-workers, but I would
assume so for you also.

>- What's the max lifetime for the BSA in this scenario?
>I didn't see anything in the draft about that.
>  
>
There isn't any max lifetime defined for the BSA.

>- Why does the draft say that if nonces exist the "MAY be
>ignored" ? shouldn't they just be ignored? under what circumstances
>are the nonces acceptable?
>  
>
According to the standards language conventions, "MAY" does not
presuppose a list of conditions.  It means that the protocol partner
must be prepared for the possibility that they be ignored.  It means
that the sender doesn't have any particularly good reason to include
the nonces, but it is not an error to do so.

Regards,
Charlie P.



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Subject: RE: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
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From: "Soliman Hesham" <H.Soliman@flarion.com>
To: "Charles E. Perkins" <charliep@iprg.nokia.com>
Cc: "Mobile IPv6 Mailing List" <mip6@ietf.org>
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 > >- We discussed this before for the base spec and=20
 > >I believe it was suggested that a CoA test would=20
 > >be needed, thoughts?
 > > =20
 > >
 > No, because the correspondent node has to have some reason
 > to believe that the mobile node is trustworthy.  This is very
 > reasonable for many situations, like between you and your
 > co-workers for instance.  Or, since I actually don't know
 > about that, then between me and my co-workers, but I would
 > assume so for you also.

=3D> If this is the intended scenario then it would be=20
helpful to say that in the draft to avoid mistaking it
with other types of deployments. I don't have a problem
with using it for this purpose.

 >=20
 > >- What's the max lifetime for the BSA in this scenario?
 > >I didn't see anything in the draft about that.
 > > =20
 > >
 > There isn't any max lifetime defined for the BSA.

=3D> I know, should there be one? or at least should=20
there be a statement that says there is no upper
limit (except the size of the field) for the lifetime?
If for nothing else, to distinguish this from RR based
Kbms.

 >=20
 > >- Why does the draft say that if nonces exist the "MAY be
 > >ignored" ? shouldn't they just be ignored? under what circumstances
 > >are the nonces acceptable?
 > > =20
 > >
 > According to the standards language conventions, "MAY" does not
 > presuppose a list of conditions.  It means that the protocol partner
 > must be prepared for the possibility that they be ignored.  It means
 > that the sender doesn't have any particularly good reason to include
 > the nonces, but it is not an error to do so.

=3D> It's a matter of taste I think. I prefer to
have one way of doing it because it simplifies
the implementation of the CN (the part where=20
it receives and processes the BU).=20

Hesham

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Hello Jari,

Jari Arkko wrote:

> Is the primary purpose of the preconfigured kbm to improve the
> latency and reduce signaling associated with RR?

Yes, that's it.

> I'm asking because latency/signaling reduction might be solved
> by one of the optimized RR proposals.      .....
>     .....              such mechanisms would be much more
> generally applicable than the preconfigured kbm approach.

They will be more generally applicable, but generality is not the
point of my draft.  Simplicity and performance and the fact that
the code already exists in most cases, is the point of my draft.
It's basically good-tasting fruit that is hanging so low that it is
almost falling off the branch if we would just extend our hand
to catch it.

Regards,
Charlie P.



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Subject: Re: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
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Hello Hesham,

Soliman Hesham wrote:

>--DS-3429925659732912225
>
> > No, because the correspondent node has to have some reason
> > to believe that the mobile node is trustworthy.  This is very
> > reasonable for many situations, like between you and your
> > co-workers for instance.  Or, since I actually don't know
> > about that, then between me and my co-workers, but I would
> > assume so for you also.
>
>=> If this is the intended scenario then it would be 
>helpful to say that in the draft to avoid mistaking it
>with other types of deployments. I don't have a problem
>with using it for this purpose.
>  
>
I thought the draft did say that, but I will look to see and make sure.

> > There isn't any max lifetime defined for the BSA.
>
>=> I know, should there be one? or at least should 
>there be a statement that says there is no upper
>limit (except the size of the field) for the lifetime?
>If for nothing else, to distinguish this from RR based
>Kbms.
>  
>
O.K.  I will put that in, thanks.

> > >- Why does the draft say that if nonces exist the "MAY be
> > >ignored" ? shouldn't they just be ignored? under what circumstances
> > >are the nonces acceptable?
> > >  
> > >
> > According to the standards language conventions, "MAY" does not
> > presuppose a list of conditions.  It means that the protocol partner
> > must be prepared for the possibility that they be ignored.  It means
> > that the sender doesn't have any particularly good reason to include
> > the nonces, but it is not an error to do so.
>
>=> It's a matter of taste I think. I prefer to
>have one way of doing it because it simplifies
>the implementation of the CN (the part where 
>it receives and processes the BU).
>  
>
Well, that's fine except unless your platform is different than someone
else's platform in a way that causes different views of what is easier.
On the other hand, if the ambiguity is viewed as problematic then
I don't have a problem one way or the other and if the nonces are
strictly disallowed it makes the packet smaller and less processing.
But I don't see that as an issue anyway.

Regards,
Charlie P.



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        Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
Date: Fri, 12 Mar 2004 14:59:38 +0200
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Charlie,

> They will be more generally applicable, but generality is not the
> point of my draft.  Simplicity and performance and the fact that
> the code already exists in most cases, is the point of my draft.
> It's basically good-tasting fruit that is hanging so low that it is
> almost falling off the branch if we would just extend our hand
> to catch it.

The draft is simple, indeed.  Actually, a little bit too
simple to my taste.  For example, it is not quite so clear
about omitting the RR procedure.  That is, such an omission
is more implied than clearly spelled out.

What comes to the taste of this fruit, I admit that the initial
taste is very tempting.  However, I am a bit worried about the
potential aftertaste.  That is, I'm afraid that after a couple
of years this fruit may get a taste that resembles a well known
meat product sold in small tins.

This is actually a more generic issue.  I am worried about any
new protocol that has potential reflection/amplification
vulnerabilities and does not have adequate scalable protections.
Such protocols are prone to cause nasty DoS problems, which
from the economic point of view are the network level equivalent
of spam.  But you know that well enough.

I would suggest that you first produce a strong enough
applicability statement, clearly spelling out where the draft
would be applicable and what are the potential consequences
if a large number of CNs accept preconfigured Kbms with
an MN that turns out to be untrustworthy.  For example, if there
are strong enough assurances about real life traceability of
any such MN, then using this kind of optimisation may be ok.
However, if such assurances cannot be reached, I would consider
this pretty risky, at least if used in the Internet.

We have to remember that, in reflection attacks that take place
in the Internet, the victims are nodes that do not take part
into the mechanism.  To add more emotion to the argument (perhaps
wrongly), I'd say that we must protect the innocent.

--Pekka N.


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To: <Wassim.Haddad@ericsson.com>, <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>,
        <Lila.Madour@ericsson.com>, <Alan.Kavanagh@ericsson.com>,
        <Suresh.Krishnan@ericsson.com>, <soohong.park@samsung.com>,
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Subject: [Mip6] Question about draft-haddad-mipv6-bub-01
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Dear BUB authors,

We noticed a problem in your draft concerning the source address of the
BU. Consider the situation when the BUB test and the DH exchange have
been completed successfully. Then your draft says:

   When MN1 switches to a new network (i.e., gets a new care-of 
   address), it sends a BU message to MN2 on the path going through
   the two HAs. MN1 MAY duplicate the BU message and another copy
   on the direct path.

What is the source address of the mandatory BU going through the HAs?

The HoA? Then, how does the CN determine the CoA? You say "The MNs MUST
NOT use the alternate care-of address option in the BU messages". And
--- independent from the way the CoA is included in the BU --- why can't
a MN bomb/flood a 3rd party this way?

The CoA? Then the BU would leave the first HA (i.e. the MN-HA tunnel)
with a topologically incorrect source address. If ingress filtering is
applied (what you assume, right?), it would be dropped. If ingress
filtering is not applied, again, why can't a MN bomb/flood a 3rd party
this way?

BTW a more general question: Why do you want the BU to go through both
HAs? Is it because of what you call "double jumping problem"?

Another question: If you assume ingress filtering to be applied
everywhere, don't you think we can find a simpler solution --- less
complex than DH and RR?

And a last question: Why do you think BUB should only be applied to
scenarios where both nodes are located in foreign networks? What happens
if one of them returns to its home network?

Best Regards
Abbas and Tobias



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Hello Pekka,

Pekka Nikander wrote:

> The draft is simple, indeed.  Actually, a little bit too
> simple to my taste.  For example, it is not quite so clear
> about omitting the RR procedure.  That is, such an omission
> is more implied than clearly spelled out.

I think, in general, that it's a mistake for
protocol specifications to spend a lot of
time detailing what is omitted.  For instance,
I don't specify that the correspondent node
does NOT have to be a DHCP relay, or a SIP proxy,
just to put it to extreme cases.

Worse yet, once a particular omission is identified,
then people reasonably start to ask why the other
omissions were not identified.  Maybe they should
have been considered after all, right???  _not_

In this case, simplicity is quite appropriate.

> What comes to the taste of this fruit, I admit that the initial
> taste is very tempting.  However, I am a bit worried about the
> potential aftertaste.  That is, I'm afraid that after a couple
> of years this fruit may get a taste that resembles a well known
> meat product sold in small tins.

Well, it's not spam.  And, moreover, we already have
the experience to know that it works.  Otherwise, there
would be trouble already with Mobile IPv4 and the way
home agents are configured.

> This is actually a more generic issue.  I am worried about any
> new protocol that has potential reflection/amplification
> vulnerabilities and does not have adequate scalable protections.

This is not a new protocol.  This is a way to establish a
security association between nodes that satisfy certain
stringent conditions.  There is no protocol.  In fact,
the technique suggested is, practically speaking, far
more secure than return routability.

> Such protocols are prone to cause nasty DoS problems, which
> from the economic point of view are the network level equivalent
> of spam.  But you know that well enough.

If I knew who was sending me spam, my problems would
immediately be improved drastically.

> I would suggest that you first produce a strong enough
> applicability statement, clearly spelling out where the draft
> would be applicable and what are the potential consequences
> if a large number of CNs accept preconfigured Kbms with
> an MN that turns out to be untrustworthy.

You are asking me to state what would happen if the
specification were not followed.  That leads to a tarpit
I intend to avoid.  The use case is clear, and anyone
who has used the protocol knows it immediately.

> We have to remember that, in reflection attacks that take place
> in the Internet, the victims are nodes that do not take part
> into the mechanism.  To add more emotion to the argument (perhaps
> wrongly), I'd say that we must protect the innocent.

While I agree with your statement, it does not apply
to the discussion.  The mobile node is always clearly
known to the correspondent node, and if your trusted
co-worker causes you to bomb the White House with IPv6
packets, you know where to go for redress.

Regards,
Charlie P.

_______________________________________________
Mip6 mailing list
Mip6@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6



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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
Date: Fri, 12 Mar 2004 20:49:41 +0200
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Charlie,

>> I would suggest that you first produce a strong enough
>> applicability statement...
>
>> We have to remember that, in reflection attacks that take place
>> in the Internet, the victims are nodes that do not take part
>> into the mechanism.  To add more emotion to the argument (perhaps
>> wrongly), I'd say that we must protect the innocent.
>
> While I agree with your statement, it does not apply
> to the discussion.  The mobile node is always clearly
> known to the correspondent node, and if your trusted
> co-worker causes you to bomb the White House with IPv6
> packets, you know where to go for redress.

I completely agree with you that so is the case as long
as the system is used within a small group of users.
A single administrative domain may _not_ be such a small
group of users, even though I agree that it usually is.

Hence, I still call for a stronger applicability statement
and a stronger security considerations sections.  But perhaps
they could be added as a part of the WG process, if you feel
uncomfortable with adding them as an author.

--Pekka N.


_______________________________________________
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https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6



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Hello Pekka,


Pekka Nikander wrote:

> Hence, I still call for a stronger applicability statement
> and a stronger security considerations sections. 

I would be quite happy to add the stronger statements,
and I would be even happier if you would supply the
text that would do the trick.  Making these things
clear was the intention of the text I already put in
there, but if more text is needed then let's make it
happen.

Regards,
Charlie P.

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Charles E. Perkins wrote:
> Hello Pekka,
> 
> 
> Pekka Nikander wrote:
> 
> 
>>Hence, I still call for a stronger applicability statement
>>and a stronger security considerations sections. 
> 
> 
> I would be quite happy to add the stronger statements,
> and I would be even happier if you would supply the
> text that would do the trick.  Making these things
> clear was the intention of the text I already put in
> there, but if more text is needed then let's make it
> happen.

Some thoughts below, hope this helps:

I think the difference is between a closed, trusted group
of users such as the employees of my department vs. a large
set of known but not necessarily trusted users. As an example
of the latter, if a major CDMA 2000 operator decided to switch
to MIPv6 RO with preconfigured Kbms for a zillion subscribers,
we might get problems. Yes, you could track the subscribers
down (at least if they are not prepaid), but that would be
generally too late and would not help if their machines were
compromised due to a virus, for instance.

So I think this is more about "trust" than about being "under
the same administration" as you currently mention in the I-D.
Perhaps you could say "under the same administration and trusted",
and then adding some text that warns how subscribers of an
operator generally cannot be trusted this way.

--Jari


_______________________________________________
Mip6 mailing list
Mip6@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6



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Subject: RE: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
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>=20
> Charles E. Perkins wrote:
> > Hello Pekka,
> >=20
> >=20
> > Pekka Nikander wrote:
> >=20
> >=20
> >>Hence, I still call for a stronger applicability statement
> >>and a stronger security considerations sections.=20
> >=20
> >=20
> > I would be quite happy to add the stronger statements,
> > and I would be even happier if you would supply the
> > text that would do the trick.  Making these things
> > clear was the intention of the text I already put in
> > there, but if more text is needed then let's make it
> > happen.
>=20
> Some thoughts below, hope this helps:
>=20
> I think the difference is between a closed, trusted group
> of users such as the employees of my department vs. a large
> set of known but not necessarily trusted users. As an example
> of the latter, if a major CDMA 2000 operator decided to switch
> to MIPv6 RO with preconfigured Kbms for a zillion subscribers,
> we might get problems. Yes, you could track the subscribers
> down (at least if they are not prepaid), but that would be
> generally too late and would not help if their machines were
> compromised due to a virus, for instance.
>=20
> So I think this is more about "trust" than about being "under
> the same administration" as you currently mention in the I-D.
> Perhaps you could say "under the same administration and trusted",
> and then adding some text that warns how subscribers of an
> operator generally cannot be trusted this way.
>=20
> --Jari
>=20

I agree that it should be made clear in the I-D that this solution
is primarily applicable to small "closed user groups" type of=20
scenarios. People should not necessarily extrapolate the closed user
group to include a large enterprise (thousands of people for eg.) or
as Jari mentions all the users within the administrative domain of
a single operator.

I guess I should ask for WG consensus on the I-D in a separate email
in order to ensure more people are paying attention.

-Basavaraj

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Subject: Re: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
References: <F4410B91C6CC314F9582B1A8E91DC9281BE798@ftmail2000> <404FDBE1.2030901@iprg.nokia.com> <40500E18.6040302@kolumbus.fi> <405142A8.4020203@iprg.nokia.com> <1EC12861-7425-11D8-A780-000393CE1E8C@nomadiclab.com> <4051ED81.F0305BEC@iprg.nokia.com> <05 <40520A26.DE60047D@iprg.nokia.com> <40520E38.2060207@kolumbus.fi>
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Charlie,

I know its bad to respond to one's own e-mails, but...
thinking some more about this, I realize that I didn't
give you good advice. The situation isn't all that different
from the home agent, which also doesn't check for correct
care-of address.

So the crucial thing which we need to ensure is that
no one applies this method with a constant Kbm for
lots of mobile nodes, which you already state in your
draft.

I think we may also need to say something about administrative
contacts, something which you would expect from an operator
who runs a home agent service but which may not be obvious
for a correspondent node. I'm not quite sure how to formulate
that requirement, but the idea is that if you get a lot of
problems associated with a given home address through a
correspondent node, you should be able to get to a responsive
network manager of the correspondent node by inspecting e.g.
the whois database. [Note that it isn't enough to contact
the home agent administrator, because you method allows bindings
to be established without any packets passing through the
home agent.]

Other comments on your draft. It may be obvious, but the
draft doesn't exactly say it outloud: Kbm is indexed by
the home address. Also, the replay protection appears
to work only if the BCE is kept alive at all times.
Did you intend to do this, or have another data
structure that keeps some state when the BCE is
not active for a given home address?

--Jari

> Some thoughts below, hope this helps:
> 
> I think the difference is between a closed, trusted group
> of users such as the employees of my department vs. a large
> set of known but not necessarily trusted users. As an example
> of the latter, if a major CDMA 2000 operator decided to switch
> to MIPv6 RO with preconfigured Kbms for a zillion subscribers,
> we might get problems. Yes, you could track the subscribers
> down (at least if they are not prepaid), but that would be
> generally too late and would not help if their machines were
> compromised due to a virus, for instance.
> 
> So I think this is more about "trust" than about being "under
> the same administration" as you currently mention in the I-D.
> Perhaps you could say "under the same administration and trusted",
> and then adding some text that warns how subscribers of an
> operator generally cannot be trusted this way.
> 
> --Jari
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Mip6 mailing list
> Mip6@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
> 



_______________________________________________
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Subject: Re: [Mip6] [MIPv6] - New I-D - Authentication mechanism in MIPv6
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Does the draft permit or dis-allow the following:
Multiple mobile nodes with *distinct home addresses* use the *same NAI 
and the same shared key* in order to request the HA to bind their CoA to 
their HoA.

Thank you,

-Ramin


Alpesh wrote:

> Hi -
>
> A new I-D are available for comments. It describes a hash based 
> authentication for MIPv6.
>
>        Abstract                        This  document  defines  new  
> mobility  options  to  enable        authentication between mobility 
> entities. These options can be        used in addition to or in lieu 
> of IPsec to authenticate        mobility messages as defined in [1].
> Location:   
> ftp://ftp-eng.cisco.com/mipdrafts/MIPv6/draft-patel-mipv6-auth-protocol-01.txt 
>
>
> Your comments are welcome.
> Alpesh
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Mip6 mailing list
> Mip6@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
>


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Subject: Re: [Mip6] Preconfigured Kbm as working group document
Date: Mon, 15 Mar 2004 16:07:25 +0100
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WG members,

We would like to call for consensus on the following:

Should I-D: draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt "Preconfigured=20
Binding Management Keys for Mobile IPv6" become a WG document
and pursued on standards track?

Please express your thoughts by Monday, March 22nd 04.

-Chairs

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From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com wrote:
> WG members,
> 
> We would like to call for consensus on the following:
> 
> Should I-D: draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt "Preconfigured 
> Binding Management Keys for Mobile IPv6" become a WG document
> and pursued on standards track?

Hmm... I'd like to have something resembling Charlie's
draft at least, but I wonder if we have all the options
on the table yet. Following a bit what Christian said
in his e-mail and what I also said earlier, there seems
to a bit of question marks on the scope. How about asking
this consensus question instead:

1. Should Charlie's draft become a WG document as-is?
    (With applicability etc. statements added and some
    technical issues corrected of course.)

2. Should Charlie's draft focus on home address tests
    only, and leave care-of address tests to base or
    other improvements? Note: there will be such
    improvements. Some have already been discussed in the
    WG.

3. Should Charlie's draft be combined with another
    approach that helps also with care-of address tests?

4. Should we do nothing?

If you'd ask this question, I'd have more trouble deciding
between options 1 through 3. Somehow I think the end result
should be that we have a very widely applicable mechanism
that is still not problematic wrt the care-of addresses;
this would seem to imply something 2 or 3 as the best option.
OTOH, you can perhaps go there as well, later, as an extension
of 1.

Also, I have a question to the chairs. How many alternate
security mechanisms are we allowed to adopt as WG items?
If it is just one, then we should be really careful what to
choose here. Probably something else would take priority over
Charlie's draft. If more than one, then its less of an issue.
One or more than one per home/care-of test improvement? But
there might be somewhat differently applicable methods on
this too.

(In the interest of full disclosure: I have a draft
in the works that improves home address test performance
without requiring preconfiguration.)

--Jari


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Date: Tue, 16 Mar 2004 22:36:19 -0800
To: Ramin <rrezaiif@san.rr.com>
From: Kent Leung <kleung@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] [MIPv6] - New I-D - Authentication mechanism in
  MIPv6 - draft-patel-mipv6-auth-protocol-01.txt
Cc: Alpesh <alpesh@cisco.com>, mip6@ietf.org, gdommety@cisco.com,
        basavaraj.patil@nokia.com, chowdury@nortelnetworks.com,
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Hi Ramin.

The draft does not disallow this scenario.  It specifies an authentication
method between an HA and the MN (identified by either NAI or HoA).

Kent

At 08:54 AM 3/14/2004 -0800, Ramin wrote:

>Does the draft permit or dis-allow the following:
>Multiple mobile nodes with *distinct home addresses* use the *same NAI and 
>the same shared key* in order to request the HA to bind their CoA to their HoA.
>
>Thank you,
>
>-Ramin
>
>
>Alpesh wrote:
>
>>Hi -
>>
>>A new I-D are available for comments. It describes a hash based 
>>authentication for MIPv6.
>>
>>        Abstract                        This  document  defines  new
>>mobility  options  to  enable        authentication between mobility 
>>entities. These options can be        used in addition to or in lieu of 
>>IPsec to authenticate        mobility messages as defined in [1].
>>Location:
>>ftp://ftp-eng.cisco.com/mipdrafts/MIPv6/draft-patel-mipv6-auth-protocol-01.txt 
>>
>>
>>Your comments are welcome.
>>Alpesh
>>
>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>Mip6 mailing list
>>Mip6@ietf.org
>>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6


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Subject: Re: [Mip6] Consensus call: draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt
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I believe the document should become a WG item. It fits into our charter
item for alternative route optimization security mechanisms. The document
needs some work yet, along the lines of the discussion that has been
happening, but that's OK.

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>
To: <mip6@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, March 16, 2004 6:51 PM
Subject: [Mip6] Consensus call: draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt



WG members,

We would like to call for consensus on the following:

Should I-D: draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt "Preconfigured
Binding Management Keys for Mobile IPv6" become a WG document
and pursued on standards track?

Please express your thoughts by Monday, March 22nd 04.

-Chairs

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https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6


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Jari,

The WG charter explicitly mentions improving RR by using a shared key, so
this draft is right on target as far as charter items go (item 3, bullet 4).
The charter says nothing explicit about improvements to RR such as
draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00.txt or
draft-haddad-mipv6-bub-01.txt would introduce, though I suppose item 1 could
be interpreted broadly enough to include such improvements.

For this reason, I believe we ought to keep these two items separate, namely
have one draft that explicitly addresses item 3, bullet 4 and another that
looks at other RR improvements. draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt looks
like a good start on the former, though as I mentioned in a previous email
message, it needs improvments along the lines that have been discussed on
this list.

My only concern would be whether the current editor of
draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt would have enough time to devote to it,
and getting sufficient technical resources devoted to buffing up the design.
Perhaps a dedicated design team might be appropriate?

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
To: <Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com>
Cc: <mip6@ietf.org>
Sent: Tuesday, March 16, 2004 9:47 PM
Subject: Re: [Mip6] Consensus call: draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt


> Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com wrote:
> > WG members,
> >
> > We would like to call for consensus on the following:
> >
> > Should I-D: draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt "Preconfigured
> > Binding Management Keys for Mobile IPv6" become a WG document
> > and pursued on standards track?
>
> Hmm... I'd like to have something resembling Charlie's
> draft at least, but I wonder if we have all the options
> on the table yet. Following a bit what Christian said
> in his e-mail and what I also said earlier, there seems
> to a bit of question marks on the scope. How about asking
> this consensus question instead:
>
> 1. Should Charlie's draft become a WG document as-is?
>     (With applicability etc. statements added and some
>     technical issues corrected of course.)
>
> 2. Should Charlie's draft focus on home address tests
>     only, and leave care-of address tests to base or
>     other improvements? Note: there will be such
>     improvements. Some have already been discussed in the
>     WG.
>
> 3. Should Charlie's draft be combined with another
>     approach that helps also with care-of address tests?
>
> 4. Should we do nothing?
>
> If you'd ask this question, I'd have more trouble deciding
> between options 1 through 3. Somehow I think the end result
> should be that we have a very widely applicable mechanism
> that is still not problematic wrt the care-of addresses;
> this would seem to imply something 2 or 3 as the best option.
> OTOH, you can perhaps go there as well, later, as an extension
> of 1.
>
> Also, I have a question to the chairs. How many alternate
> security mechanisms are we allowed to adopt as WG items?
> If it is just one, then we should be really careful what to
> choose here. Probably something else would take priority over
> Charlie's draft. If more than one, then its less of an issue.
> One or more than one per home/care-of test improvement? But
> there might be somewhat differently applicable methods on
> this too.
>
> (In the interest of full disclosure: I have a draft
> in the works that improves home address test performance
> without requiring preconfiguration.)
>
> --Jari
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Mip6 mailing list
> Mip6@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6


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Raj -

I have no problem in it becoming a WG item. Just think that some more
work is needed.

With static keys between MN and CN, now HA has no control.
With MIP, HA is still the anchor and I think it should have some
control on what the MN can and cannot do. With direct communication 
between MN and
CN, are we permiting communication without any control by HA? Am not 
sure if it
blends well in certain scenarios.

Alpesh

Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com wrote:

>WG members,
>
>We would like to call for consensus on the following:
>
>Should I-D: draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt "Preconfigured 
>Binding Management Keys for Mobile IPv6" become a WG document
>and pursued on standards track?
>
>Please express your thoughts by Monday, March 22nd 04.
>
>-Chairs
>
>_______________________________________________
>Mip6 mailing list
>Mip6@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
>
>  
>



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Subject: Re: [Mip6] Consensus call: draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt
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James Kempf wrote:
> Jari,
> 
> The WG charter explicitly mentions improving RR by using a shared key, so
> this draft is right on target as far as charter items go (item 3, bullet 4).
> The charter says nothing explicit about improvements to RR such as
> draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00.txt or
> draft-haddad-mipv6-bub-01.txt would introduce, though I suppose item 1 could
> be interpreted broadly enough to include such improvements.
> 
> For this reason, I believe we ought to keep these two items separate, namely
> have one draft that explicitly addresses item 3, bullet 4 and another that
> looks at other RR improvements. 

I agree.

> Perhaps a dedicated design team might be appropriate?

a design team is too heavy a solution. I thought a design
team is needed when there are a lot of issues, no concensus
at all and a lot of missing things. this is not the case
with this document.

Vijay


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> a design team is too heavy a solution. I thought a design
> team is needed when there are a lot of issues, no concensus
> at all and a lot of missing things. this is not the case
> with this document.
>

I didn't think we had that many issues nor lack of concensus on the
bootstrapping problem statement document, yet we have a design team there.
The criteria for a design team are not so clear cut I think.

Anyway, I'm happy with making it a WG draft, so long as the issues that were
brought up are addressed in some manner.

            jak


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Re: charter. The draft does fall within the charter,
and I think we should do it (perhaps with some
agreement first on how ambitious scope it should have).
But I believe we have also other issues that we should
take care of in the RO space, perhaps even higher priority
issues. So I'd really like to ensure that we can actually
do more than Charlie's draft. This brings me to ...

Raj: You didn't answer my question on whether
more than one improvement can be adopted by the
WG. My reading of the charter item:

     - Route optimization will require security mechanisms for
       trusting and updating the binding information.Return-routability
       is the basic mechanism for route-optimization. Mechanisms using
       a shared secret Key/Security Association will be considered.
       Methods for establishing a security association between the
       mobile node and the correspondent node are out of the scope
       of the WG.

is that shared secrets are just one example and other
mechanisms can be considered. If that's your interpretation
as well, then I don't need to worry that we are preventing
other necessary work to take place.

Also, I have a question about the charter ;-) It says:

   It should be noted that there are potential optimizations
   that might make mobile IP more attractive for use by certain
   applications (e.g., making handovers "faster"). The latter
   category of optimizations is explicitly out-of-scope at this
   time; this WG will focus on issues for which there is strong
   consensus that the work is needed to get basic mobility
   deployable on a large scale.

What does this mean, exactly? Why does it not apply to
the kbm draft, as its main purpose (I think) is to have
less signaling and delay? Would it apply other alternatives
to RR? Or is this paragraph in the charter to avoid collision
with MIPSHOP? That's my interpretation, but I'm not sure
this is the way others read it...

--Jari


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Subject: [Mip6] Issue 1: Third Party Bombing Through the HA
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I'd like to raise an issue that Francis brought up in
draft-dupont-mipv6-3bombing-00.txt to the list for some discussion. Charter
item 1 says that the WG will maintain an issues list on the current spec,
with interop being mentioned as the only reason, but I think this item,
which is a security item, also needs attention. If discussion of this issue
proves that the spec text needs amending, I think we ought to list it in the
issues list.

The issue is that the HA currently is not required to do a return
routability test on a BU sent from the MN. The issue list and discussion on
this from the time the decision was made, cited in Francis' draft, says that
the owner of the HA is expected to have a business relationship with the
MN's owner, and thereby to take action if an MN does third party bombing
through the HA, presumably by terminating the MN's account.

Is there any way that the home network can actuallly detect that a MN has
started a third party bombing attack and terminate it? Other than when the
victim contacts the home network operator out of band and tells them? If
not, then this could be a significant security vulnerability.

            jak


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Date: Wed, 24 Mar 2004 08:37:47 -0800
From: Ramin <rrezaiif@san.rr.com>
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To: Kent Leung <kleung@cisco.com>
CC: Alpesh <alpesh@cisco.com>, mip6@ietf.org, gdommety@cisco.com,
        basavaraj.patil@nokia.com, chowdury@nortelnetworks.com,
        mkhalil@nortelnetworks.com, haseebak@nortelnetworks.com
Subject: Re: [Mip6] [MIPv6] - New I-D - Authentication mechanism in  MIPv6
 - draft-patel-mipv6-auth-protocol-01.txt
References: <40326D46.5080105@cisco.com> <40326D46.5080105@cisco.com> <4.3.2.7.2.20040316223018.01d78ed0@mira-sjcm-2.cisco.com>
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Kent Leung wrote:

> Hi Ramin.
>
> The draft does not disallow this scenario.  It specifies an 
> authentication
> method between an HA and the MN (identified by either NAI or HoA).

The draft also does not seem to disallow MN_1 with <NAI_1, 
Shared_secret_1> to change the CoA<-->HoA binding for MN_2 with <NAI_2, 
Shared_secret_2> (assuming that both shared secrets are valid and bound 
to their NAI).

Can you please confirm?

-Ramin

>
> Kent
>
> At 08:54 AM 3/14/2004 -0800, Ramin wrote:
>
>> Does the draft permit or dis-allow the following:
>> Multiple mobile nodes with *distinct home addresses* use the *same 
>> NAI and the same shared key* in order to request the HA to bind their 
>> CoA to their HoA.
>>
>> Thank you,
>>
>> -Ramin
>>
>>
>> Alpesh wrote:
>>
>>> Hi -
>>>
>>> A new I-D are available for comments. It describes a hash based 
>>> authentication for MIPv6.
>>>
>>>        Abstract                        This  document  defines  new
>>> mobility  options  to  enable        authentication between mobility 
>>> entities. These options can be        used in addition to or in lieu 
>>> of IPsec to authenticate        mobility messages as defined in [1].
>>> Location:
>>> ftp://ftp-eng.cisco.com/mipdrafts/MIPv6/draft-patel-mipv6-auth-protocol-01.txt 
>>>
>>>
>>> Your comments are welcome.
>>> Alpesh
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Mip6 mailing list
>>> Mip6@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
>>
>
>


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Date: Thu, 25 Mar 2004 10:24:11 -0800
To: Ramin <rrezaiif@san.rr.com>
From: Kent Leung <kleung@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] [MIPv6] - New I-D - Authentication mechanism in 
  MIPv6 - draft-patel-mipv6-auth-protocol-01.txt
Cc: Alpesh <alpesh@cisco.com>, mip6@ietf.org, gdommety@cisco.com,
        basavaraj.patil@nokia.com, chowdury@nortelnetworks.com,
        mkhalil@nortelnetworks.com, haseebak@nortelnetworks.com
In-Reply-To: <4061B95B.8060309@san.rr.com>
References: <4.3.2.7.2.20040316223018.01d78ed0@mira-sjcm-2.cisco.com>
 <40326D46.5080105@cisco.com>
 <40326D46.5080105@cisco.com>
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Let me see if I understand clearly..

This is a different case where 2 MNs (MN_1 and MN_2) have 2 NAIs
(NAI_1, and NAI_2) which are associated with the same HoA.  And that
the HoA session can be moved using different NAIs (which have their own
SAs with the HA).

This draft specifies the authentication mechanism for Binding messages
between MN and HA. How the NAI to HoA mapping is accomplished is
outside the scope of the draft.  So this issue would have to be covered in
that particular draft where HoA is assigned to an NAI and how to deal
with same HoA for multiple NAIs. Typically, NAIs will have different HoAs.
 From authentication perspective, it's straightforward that there's a
security association between MN (identified by IP address or NAI) and
HA.

Hope this helps.

Kent



At 08:37 AM 3/24/2004 -0800, Ramin wrote:


>Kent Leung wrote:
>
>>Hi Ramin.
>>
>>The draft does not disallow this scenario.  It specifies an authentication
>>method between an HA and the MN (identified by either NAI or HoA).
>
>The draft also does not seem to disallow MN_1 with <NAI_1, 
>Shared_secret_1> to change the CoA<-->HoA binding for MN_2 with <NAI_2, 
>Shared_secret_2> (assuming that both shared secrets are valid and bound to 
>their NAI).
>
>Can you please confirm?
>
>-Ramin
>
>>
>>Kent
>>
>>At 08:54 AM 3/14/2004 -0800, Ramin wrote:
>>
>>>Does the draft permit or dis-allow the following:
>>>Multiple mobile nodes with *distinct home addresses* use the *same NAI 
>>>and the same shared key* in order to request the HA to bind their CoA to 
>>>their HoA.
>>>
>>>Thank you,
>>>
>>>-Ramin
>>>
>>>
>>>Alpesh wrote:
>>>
>>>>Hi -
>>>>
>>>>A new I-D are available for comments. It describes a hash based 
>>>>authentication for MIPv6.
>>>>
>>>>        Abstract                        This  document  defines  new
>>>>mobility  options  to  enable        authentication between mobility 
>>>>entities. These options can be        used in addition to or in lieu of 
>>>>IPsec to authenticate        mobility messages as defined in [1].
>>>>Location:
>>>>ftp://ftp-eng.cisco.com/mipdrafts/MIPv6/draft-patel-mipv6-auth-protocol-01.txt 
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>Your comments are welcome.
>>>>Alpesh
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>_______________________________________________
>>>>Mip6 mailing list
>>>>Mip6@ietf.org
>>>>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
>>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Mip6 mailing list
>Mip6@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6


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There is consensus in the WG to make I-D :
draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt a WG document.

However a couple of improvements have been suggested to the
draft. These enhancements can be discussed on the ML and incorporated
if there is agreement.=20

The I-D will be published as a WG I-D shortly.

-Chairs

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https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6



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Date: Fri, 26 Mar 2004 09:55:27 +0900
From: "S. Daniel Park" <soohong.park@samsung.com>
Subject: RE: [Mip6] draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt
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not sure because I didn't follow up this thread fully but
this is my personal concern.

If this draft would be a RFC as standard track, I guess
current RR in 24version will not be used for Mobile IPv6
with the implementation aspect. Is there any consideration 
or requirement ? I hope to see more improved and clarified 
something in this draft. 


Regards.

- Daniel (Soohong Daniel Park)
- Mobile Platform Laboratory, SAMSUNG Electronics. 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: mip6-admin@ietf.org [mailto:mip6-admin@ietf.org] On 
> Behalf Of Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com
> Sent: Friday, March 26, 2004 6:04 AM
> To: mip6@ietf.org
> Subject: [Mip6] draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt
> 
> 
> 
> There is consensus in the WG to make I-D : 
> draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt a WG document.
> 
> However a couple of improvements have been suggested to the 
> draft. These enhancements can be discussed on the ML and 
> incorporated if there is agreement. 
> 
> The I-D will be published as a WG I-D shortly.
> 
> -Chairs
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Mip6 mailing list
> Mip6@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
> 


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Subject: RE: [Mip6] Comments on kempf-mip6-bootstrap
Date: Sun, 28 Mar 2004 07:40:35 -0800
Message-ID: <17D8F6DF3ED94D40BD607380866D9B7F327DAA@NAEX01.na.qualcomm.com>
Thread-Topic: [Mip6] Comments on kempf-mip6-bootstrap
Thread-Index: AcP+k0LapUUIStLATZm93M2y8DHgmgWRlvDA
From: "Barany, Pete" <pbarany@qualcomm.com>
To: "Alper Yegin" <alper.yegin@samsung.com>, <mip6@ietf.org>
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Hi,

In regards to your first point below, I am not quite sure what you are
saying. During the IKEv2 IKE_AUTH phase, the initiator message looks as
follows (per IKEv2 -12 I-D):

HDR, SK {IDi, [CERT,] [CERTREQ,] [IDr] AUTH, SAi2, TSi, TSr} -->

The responder message looks like:

<-- HDR, SK {IDr, [CERT,] AUTH, SAr2, TSi, TSr}

Are you saying that in the initiator's message the TSi, TSr will be
wildcarded (i.e., is that what you mean by NULL)? Wouldn't the TSi
included (at a minimum), the dynamic HoA, protocol MH in order to update
SPD?

Also, are saying that the IDi in the initiator's message will be mapped
to the SPI(s) in SAi2? If so, is the SPI mapped (indirectly via the IDi)
to a name selector?

Thanks.

Regards,

Pete

-----Original Message-----
From: mip6-admin@ietf.org [mailto:mip6-admin@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
Alper Yegin
Sent: Saturday, February 28, 2004 11:08 PM
To: mip6@ietf.org
Subject: [Mip6] Comments on kempf-mip6-bootstrap

Hello James, Jari,

I've just read the draft. Please see my comments below.

   With IKEv1, the mobile node needs to have a
   statically defined home address in order that the home agent can make
   an authorization decision and identify the credentials during the IKE
   Phase 1 ISAKMP exchange.  In this document, we discuss why these
   constraints may be problematic in some deployment scenarios.

IKEv2 allows named SPIs with address selectors set to NULL. Names can be
NAI and FQDN. If we use IKEv2, do we still have a problem?


   However, support for dynamic home address assignment would be
   desirable for the following reasons:

   DHCP-based address assignment

      Some ISPs may want to use DHCPv6 from the home network to
      configure home addresses [7].

I think we are concerned that the MN might get different DHCP addresses
each time it asks for one. Note that deployments can ensure that the
host (MN) gets the same IP address (home address) by supplying a
client-id with DHCP requests. So, this may not be a problem.=20


   Currently, the address of the home agent is specified in the security
   policy database.  Support for multiple home agents requires the
   configuration of multiple security policy database entries.

We are talking about SPDs on the MN, right? If so, is this a problem? MN
can set the HA address in the SPD once it determines which HA it will be
using. The challenge is, I think, bootstrapping the keys for a given HA.

      Ease of deployment

      ISP may want to allow "opportunistic" discovery and utilization of
      its mobility services without any prearranged contact.  These
      scenarios will require dynamic home address assignment.

... and keys.


   The current IKEv1-based dynamic key exchange protocol described in
   [5] has no integration with backend authentication, authorization and
   accounting techniques unless the authentication credentials and trust
   relationships use certificates.

Isn't this an implementation issue? For example can't I use LDAP to
retrieve the keys for a MN when my HA receives an IKE request? Well,
there isn't a RADIUS or Diameter application for this scenario, maybe
this is what you mean. But I think this doesn't require integration of
IKE with RADIUS/Diameter.

   Using certificates may require the ISP to deploy a PKI, which may not
   be possible or desirable in certain circumstances.  Where a
   traditional AAA infrastructure is used, the home agent is not able to
   leverage authentication and authorization information established
   between the mobile node, the foreign AAA server, and the home AAA
   server when the mobile node gains access to the foreign network, in
   order to authenticate the mobile node's identity and determine if the
   mobile node is authorized for mobility service.

This is talking about integration of AAA for network access and AAA for
mobility management. I think "AAA for mobility management" does not
necessarily imply this level of integration.=20

   The lack of connection to the AAA infrastructure also means the home
   agent does not know where to issue accounting records at appropriate
   times during the mobile node's session, as determined by the business
   relationship between the home ISP and the mobile node's owner.
   Presumably, some backend AAA protocol between the home agent and home
   AAA could be utilized but IKEv1 does not contain support for
   exchanging the right kind of information, primarily the NAI [6], with
   the mobile node.

Mobility management and network access are two separate services. We
shouldn't assume they have to be integrated.=20

   The home agent discovery protocol does not support "opportunistic" or
   local discovery mechanisms in a roaming partner's local access
   network.  It is expected that the mobile node must know the prefix of
   the home subnet in order to be able to discover a home agent, it must
   either obtain that information through prefix update or have it
   statically configured.  A more typical pattern for interdomain
   service discovery in the Internet is that the client (mobile node in
   this case) knows the domain name of the service, and uses DNS in some
   manner to find the server in the other domain.  For local service
   discovery, DHCP is typically used.

If HAs are located on the visited links, then the current dynamic home
agent discovery is good enough. If they are somewhere deeper in the
access network, then a DHCP-based discovery, or what HMIP approach can
be utilized.

   Another scenario involves turning an existing security association in
   the user's home network for a different purpose into a new security
   association suitable for protecting Mobile IPv6.  For instance, an
   existing security association for a VPN service could be used to
   generate suitable Mobile IPv6 security associations, on a
   first-come-first-served home address basis.

Wouldn't some (most?) problems we encountered with the Mobile IPv6
service also apply to the VPN service?=20

   For instance, when
   the mobile node boots and connects to the network for the first time,
   it could create a security association with the access operator's
   home agent.  This home agent could then be used as the mobile node
   moves into a different position or even into a different access
   network.

We are applying this type of a technique to the DHCP security problem.
Please see draft-yegin-eap-boot-rfc3118-00.txt


Regards,

Alper





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Hi,

> There is consensus in the WG to make I-D :
> draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt a WG document.

I'm not opposed to making this document a WG item, but
I was kind of hoping to get an answer to some of my
questions from the chairs before we make a decision.
Here are the questions from my March 22nd e-mail
to you and James Kempf:

> Re: charter. The draft does fall within the charter,
> and I think we should do it (perhaps with some
> agreement first on how ambitious scope it should have).
> But I believe we have also other issues that we should
> take care of in the RO space, perhaps even higher priority
> issues. So I'd really like to ensure that we can actually
> do more than Charlie's draft. This brings me to ...
> 
> Raj: You didn't answer my question on whether
> more than one improvement can be adopted by the
> WG. My reading of the charter item:
> 
>     - Route optimization will require security mechanisms for
>       trusting and updating the binding information.Return-routability
>       is the basic mechanism for route-optimization. Mechanisms using
>       a shared secret Key/Security Association will be considered.
>       Methods for establishing a security association between the
>       mobile node and the correspondent node are out of the scope
>       of the WG.
> 
> is that shared secrets are just one example and other
> mechanisms can be considered. If that's your interpretation
> as well, then I don't need to worry that we are preventing
> other necessary work to take place.
> 
> Also, I have a question about the charter It says:
> 
>   It should be noted that there are potential optimizations
>   that might make mobile IP more attractive for use by certain
>   applications (e.g., making handovers "faster"). The latter
>   category of optimizations is explicitly out-of-scope at this
>   time; this WG will focus on issues for which there is strong
>   consensus that the work is needed to get basic mobility
>   deployable on a large scale.
> 
> What does this mean, exactly? Why does it not apply to
> the kbm draft, as its main purpose (I think) is to have
> less signaling and delay? Would it apply other alternatives
> to RR? Or is this paragraph in the charter to avoid collision
> with MIPSHOP? That's my interpretation, but I'm not sure
> this is the way others read it... 



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S. Daniel Park wrote:
> not sure because I didn't follow up this thread fully but
> this is my personal concern.
> 
> If this draft would be a RFC as standard track, I guess
> current RR in 24version will not be used for Mobile IPv6
> with the implementation aspect. Is there any consideration 
> or requirement ? I hope to see more improved and clarified 
> something in this draft. 

I may have misunderstood the question, but the proposed
mechanism is an alternative and optional scheme for
authorizing BUs related to route optimization.

As such, the base RR mechanism is used by default
unless this specific scheme is implemented and
configured on. The proposed mechanism is applicable
only to a certain (limited) class of situations, so
you would not always have such a configuration available.

Or perhaps you are asking whether the mechanism is used
in addition to RR? I think the authors have inteded the
mechanim to be used as a replacement (for the situations
that it applies to) rather than as an add-on. There has
also been some discussion on the list about whether the
proposed mechanism should be merged with care of address
testing from the base RFC or possibly some improvement of
that, such as CBA/EBU. I personally think that something
along those lines might be fruitful and would make the
mechanism more widely applicable, though it may be too
early to tell yet.

--Jari


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Subject: RE : [Mip6] Re: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND
Date: Tue, 2 Mar 2004 08:20:33 +0100
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Thread-Topic: [Mip6] Re: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND
Thread-Index: AcP/8xlYYhDFS/ufQVyVVXdwNqhlUAAMj8XA
From: "NJEDJOU Eric FTRD/DMR/REN" <eric.njedjou@francetelecom.com>
To: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>,
        "Gregory Daley" <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "Stefan Aust" <aust@comnets.uni-bremen.de>,
        <basavaraj.patil@nokia.com>,
        =?iso-8859-1?Q?Carmelita_G=F6rg?= <cg@comnets.uni-bremen.de>,
        "Niko A.  Fikouras" <niko@comnets.uni-bremen.de>,
        "Cornel Pampu" <cornel.pampu@siemens.com>,
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> -----Message d'origine-----
> De : owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au=20
> [mailto:owner-dna@ecselists.eng.monash.edu.au] De la part de=20
> James Kempf
> Envoy=E9 : mardi 2 mars 2004 01:02
> =C0 : Gregory Daley; NJEDJOU Eric FTRD/DMR/REN
> Cc : Pekka Nikander; Stefan Aust; basavaraj.patil@nokia.com;=20
> Carmelita G=F6rg; Niko A. Fikouras; Cornel Pampu; Dna; Greg=20
> Daley; mip6@ietf.org
> Objet : Re: [Mip6] Re: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version=20
> - POLIMAND
>=20
>=20
> I hesitate to even bring this up, but there's a long history=20
> in the IETF of trying to figure out where to do this kind of=20
> work. We've been working on multiple interface (vertical)=20
> handover, handover optimization, and such in MIP and Seamoby=20
> for over three years. There are some experimental protocols=20
> (CARD, CTP, FMIP, HMIP) approaching publication, but they=20
> still need a lot of work before they are ready for=20
> deployment. The effort has been hampered by a lack of=20
> impending product or deployment pressure.=20

Well these protocols (CARD, CTP, FMIP, HMIP) could not and can not be =
ready for deployment as they essentially assume that IPv6, then Mobile =
IPv6 be deployed, at least partially, as the aforementionned protocols =
rely on IPv6 and mobile IPv6. Mobile IPv6 products are now coming out =
from vendors shelves. We can avoid to wait for (CARD, CTP, FMIP, HMIP) =
before providing optimisation for MIPv6 handover by bringing "simple" =
additions to the base specification that would already provide smoother =
handover as a sort of "work around". Then when we would get enough =
feedback from MIPv6 deployment issues we would be able to rethink at the =
way CARD,... Could be adapted.=20


>IETF does not=20
> function well when a particular technology does not have a=20
> group of vendors and network operators behind it who need=20
> interoperability for their product or deployment, and that=20
> has been the case for this particular technology.
> The result is that the work has been moved to the IRTF=20
> MOBOPTS research group, and I would advise that any proposals=20
> be taken there.
>=20
It already the case, at least for ours.

>            jak
>=20
> ----- Original Message -----=20
> From: "Gregory Daley" <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
> To: "NJEDJOU Eric FTRD/DMR/REN" <eric.njedjou@francetelecom.com>
> Cc: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>; "Stefan=20
> Aust" <aust@comnets.uni-bremen.de>;=20
> <basavaraj.patil@nokia.com>; "Carmelita G=F6rg"=20
> <cg@comnets.uni-bremen.de>; "Niko A. Fikouras"=20
> <niko@comnets.uni-bremen.de>; "Cornel Pampu"=20
> <cornel.pampu@siemens.com>; "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>;=20
> "Greg Daley" <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; <mip6@ietf.org>
> Sent: Monday, March 01, 2004 7:19 AM
> Subject: [Mip6] Re: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND
>=20
>=20
> > Hi,
> >
> > I know that this has been cross posted, so I'll
> > respond to both lists, but perhaps we can talk about
> > specific issues in the individual mailing lists
> > subsequently.  I'd suggest DNA, unless the MIP6
> > chairs wish to respond.
> >
> > If we need to discuss needs more generally for
> > multiple interface configuration procedures or
> > vertical handoff, it may be useful to take it up
> > with the chairs of either or both WGs (depending
> > on the circumstances).
> >
> > Please see my take below.
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: NJEDJOU Eric FTRD/DMR/REN <eric.njedjou@francetelecom.com>
> > Date: Monday, March 1, 2004 9:51 pm
> > Subject: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND
> >
> > > Pekka,
> > > The problem with MIP6 movement detection handover=20
> optimizations (see=20
> > > http://www.ietf.ord/I-D/draft-daniel-mip6-optimized-vertical-
> > > handover-00.txt for another draft) is that it is being considered=20
> > > out of scope for DNA because of the mobile IPv6 issue=20
> raised and out=20
> > > of scope for MIP6 because of the link triggers that has=20
> to be taken=20
> > > into account. Actually, it is within the scope of both as
> >
> > I'd guess while this is frustrating, it's largely a=20
> statement of fact.
> >
> > Please inform me of any incorrect statements I make, since=20
> there may=20
> > be subtlties I miss in the drafts.
> >
> > While the drafts being discussed are principally interested in=20
> > handling multiple connectivity scenarios associated with wireless=20
> > networks, neither MIPv6 (regarding Link hints) or DNA (Discussing=20
> > global signalling) are currently chartered to work on these topics.
> >
> > It is indeed possible that the combination of the=20
> techniques is seen=20
> > as the stumbling block by both groups.
> >
> > For example, if indeed it is necessary to provide vertical handover=20
> > support for MIPv6, is it strictly necessary to talk about=20
> link layer=20
> > interactions (polimand may talk about policy instead, Of=20
> course, it is=20
> > always hard to standardize policy).
> >
> > Whether a document looking at multiple interface connectivity for=20
> > MIPv6 would be useful or not (or whether there's much difference=20
> > except the movement detection algorithm) I don't know.
> >
> > Particularly for DNA, we can't really discuss handovers,=20
> considering=20
> > that this term principally refers to session restoration or=20
> > continuation using mobility protocols.
> >
> > DNA is looking basically at signalling using mechanisms within the=20
> > local link only.  Any reference to other protocols (except in a=20
> > confined way) can make documents look like they're (for=20
> example) MIP=20
> > specific.
> >
> > If there's a difference in the configuration detection=20
> procedures when=20
> > a host has multiple interfaces, that may be different.
> >
> > For example, a host may wish to wait passively for router=20
> > advertisements on the GPRS interface (testing reachability when the=20
> > host switches connections to that interface), and probes fairly=20
> > aggressively on a WLAN interface.
> >
> > Any decision or action based on this the configuration detection is=20
> > starting to push into uncomfortable areas as far as DNA's tight=20
> > charter  is concerned.  Perhaps this is analogous to the reasoning=20
> > used in MIP6?
> >
> > > DNA -link triggers/hints that will be=20
> catalogued/standardized within=20
> > > DNA will also be used for Mobile IPv6 optimised movement=20
> detection.=20
> > > Other ones may be needed for this specific purpose.=20
> Better detecting=20
> > > network attchment/detachment is a requirement for Mobile=20
> IPv6 better=20
> > > performance movement detection and handover. These issues are=20
> > > therefore strongly linked.
> >
> > I think we have to be particularly careful about the word=20
> standardized=20
> > in the previous paragraph. There's already been some out-of-band=20
> > feedback to DNA that we should avoid delving into=20
> standardization of=20
> > L2 oriented mechanisms.
> >
> > > MIP6 -Optimized movement detection an handover schemes are=20
> > > essenttial for base Mobile IPv6 Operation, which means,=20
> the protocol=20
> > > operation needs exploiting L2 triggers/hints. And  MIPv6=20
> > > implementors use L2 triggers/hints in a confusing way, if not at
> all.
> >
> > While the usage of hints may be unavoidable in some DNA=20
> schemes, there=20
> > will still be some systems where it is not possible to the=20
> the kind of=20
> > hints you desire.  It would be short-sighted to design=20
> systems which=20
> > only work if information from the link-layer is reliable and=20
> > available.
> >
> > > We could be ping-ponging betwwen these two groups for years.
> >
> > I really hope not, but MOBOPTS isn't necessarily a place=20
> for killing=20
> > ideas off to (no matter what some people say!). Our=20
> research team has=20
> > (voluntarily!) submitted some ideas there for further discussion=20
> > recently and gotten useful feedback.
> >
> > I don't even mind if people winnow their existing work down to a=20
> > problem statement which is DNA centric. It may be that there's a=20
> > chance that we'd think it out-of-scope anyway, but that's=20
> because the=20
> > WG scope is very narrow.
> >
> > If the work is clear input into one of the documents on the DNA=20
> > charter, that may change things.
> >
> > We're only likely to produce 4 documents this year=20
> (optimistically).=20
> > so focussing on how the vertical handover/polimand work can=20
> directly=20
> > help those is more immediately useful.
> >
> > As Pekka said, this may mean leaving MIPv6 specific parts=20
> to MIP6WG or=20
> > MOBOPTS.
> >
> > Greg
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Mip6 mailing list
> > Mip6@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
> >
>=20
>=20

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Slides used at the IETF59 MIP6 WG meeting are at:

http://www.mindspring.com/~bpatil/IETF59/

-Basavaraj

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Date: Thu,  4 Mar 2004 09:23:52 +0100
From: Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
To: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
Cc: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>,
        Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>, mip6@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00 
References: <Roam.SIMC.2.0.6.1078375176.17609.nordmark@bebop.france>
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> Perhaps the draft discusses this, but when you handle an
> early binding update, when is "HoA check" in the binding
> cache updated?


Hi Erik,

you are right: An Early Binding Update message is authenticated by a key
which was produced with a Home Keygen Token. The correspondent node
must verify this authentication. (I think this is what you refer to as
a "HoA check [update]".) So here again, if ingress filtering was
employed at the mobile node's (i.e., the attacker's) access network,
the mobile node (attacker) would not be able to fake the IP source
address of the Early Binding Update message as well as of any data
packet.

As an aside: An Early Binding Update message is authenticated in the
same way as a standard Mobile IPv6 Binding Update message when used by
a mobile node which returns to its home network and wishes to delete an
existing binding.

When the correspondent node receives an Early Binding Update message, it
updates the associated binding-cache entry, which then becomes
tentative. The updated, tentative binding-cache entry is equivalent to
a standard Mobile IPv6 binding-cache entry, except that its lifetime is
shorter.

Best regards


- Christian


|
| Christian Vogt
| Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe
| www.tm.uka.de/~chvogt/
|


Quoting Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>:

> > => this is the first property, the second is to be
> > immune to the ingress filtering (the CoA is the source 
> > address and is the address of the victim so the 
> > ingress filtering is the proper defense).
> 
> Are you saying that the source address of the BU must 
> be the (new) CoA?
> 
> Hmm - maybe that is sufficient in the MIPv6 case (I have 
> multi6 in the back of my head as well, which has a 
> variant of the same issues.)
> 
> Perhaps the draft discusses this, but when you handle an
> early binding update, when is "HoA check" in the binding
> cache updated?
>
> In basic MIPv6 this happens when the BU is processed 
> i.e. after that the MN can no longer send packets with 
> the old CoA as the source since the Home Address option
> check will drop such packets. If the same thing applies
> in the early binding update case it means that the
> attacker can not send any "ack" packets to the CN since
> they would contain the "old" CoA - oops - they would not
> carry a home address option thus they would not be
> subject to "the HOA and IP src must match the binding 
> cache" check. Hmm...
> 
>   Erik




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Hi,

we submitted a new I-D, draft-giaretta-mip6-authorization-eap-00.txt.
It defines a method for performing dynamic Mobile IPv6 authorization and =
configuration relaying on a AAA infrastructure: the necessary =
interaction between the AAA server of the home provider and the mobile =
node is realized using EAP, exploiting the capability of some EAP =
methods (e.g. PEAPv2) to convey generic information items together with =
authentication data.=20
  =20
The Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts =
directories. The URL is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-giaretta-mip6-authorization-eap=
-00.txt

Any comments are welcome.

Best Regards,

--Gerardo Giaretta


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Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00
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Francis Dupont wrote:

> => I don't know a case where a real alternate CoA is needed or even
> useful with a common correspondent in Mobile IPv6.

I also don't know of a practical case where this would
be needed.

(I may still disagree on whether skipping alt-coa
is a defense.)

--Jari


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Message-ID: <020001c3f4a2$faeb74c0$5347038d@tm.unikarlsruhe.de>
From: "Christian Vogt" <chvogt@tm.uka.de>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: "Brian Haley" <Brian.Haley@hp.com>, <mip6@ietf.org>
References: <001b01c3ee73$aa4f9da0$5347038d@tm.unikarlsruhe.de> <4027C703.2080209@hp.com> <021d01c3efe8$15f14390$5347038d@tm.unikarlsruhe.de> <403024A4.6020006@kolumbus.fi>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] New I-D: Early Binding Updates for Mobile IPv6
Date: Mon, 16 Feb 2004 16:38:52 +0100
Organization: Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe (TH)
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From: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@Sun.COM>
Reply-To: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@Sun.COM>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@Sun.COM>,
        Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>,
        Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>, mip6@ietf.org
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> Well, isn't the sending of the acks already prevented by ingress
> filtering? I mean if you have ingress filtering, you might not even
> be able to send the EBU to begin with, let alone spoofed ACKs.

You can't send the EBU, but you can send the ACKs if you don't
need the HAO to send them i.e. if the attacker is "at home".

This seems a bit assymetric; when the MN is sending while away from home 
the CoA/HoA need to match the binding cache entry at the CN. But when sending
while at home there is no check that there isn't a binding cache entry at the
CN.

> However, we are in part trying to build these things so that the
> lack of ingress filtering doesn't open up the situation for many
> new attacks. Remember that the victim can have ingress filtering
> but the attacker not.

Agreed.

   Erik


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To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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Subject: Re: [Mip6] Consensus call: draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt
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Hello Jari,

I am of course amenable to adding features to the draft
according to working group direction.  Adding the care-of
address as a feature would of course expand applicability,
and I agree with the usefulness of that specification.

However, I am reluctant to take up the work of doing
that if the document were still not interesting to the
working group.  I am also, as you know, quite happy
to explicitly delineate the appropriate applicability of
the protocol in both cases -- namely, with and without
the CoTI/CoT exchange.  It is my belief that this will
not present any major new specification difficulties,
given that CoTI/CoT is already specified in the base
document.

I never expected that the draft would be published
by the working group as is!

Regards,
Charlie P.


Jari Arkko wrote:

> Basavaraj.Patil@nokia.com wrote:
>
>> WG members,
>>
>> We would like to call for consensus on the following:
>>
>> Should I-D: draft-perkins-mip6-precfgKbm-00.txt "Preconfigured 
>> Binding Management Keys for Mobile IPv6" become a WG document
>> and pursued on standards track?
>
>
> Hmm... I'd like to have something resembling Charlie's
> draft at least, but I wonder if we have all the options
> on the table yet. Following a bit what Christian said
> in his e-mail and what I also said earlier, there seems
> to a bit of question marks on the scope. How about asking
> this consensus question instead:
>
> 1. Should Charlie's draft become a WG document as-is?
>    (With applicability etc. statements added and some
>    technical issues corrected of course.)
>
> 2. Should Charlie's draft focus on home address tests
>    only, and leave care-of address tests to base or
>    other improvements? Note: there will be such
>    improvements. Some have already been discussed in the
>    WG.
>
> 3. Should Charlie's draft be combined with another
>    approach that helps also with care-of address tests?
>
> 4. Should we do nothing?
>
> If you'd ask this question, I'd have more trouble deciding
> between options 1 through 3. Somehow I think the end result
> should be that we have a very widely applicable mechanism
> that is still not problematic wrt the care-of addresses;
> this would seem to imply something 2 or 3 as the best option.
> OTOH, you can perhaps go there as well, later, as an extension
> of 1.
>
> Also, I have a question to the chairs. How many alternate
> security mechanisms are we allowed to adopt as WG items?
> If it is just one, then we should be really careful what to
> choose here. Probably something else would take priority over
> Charlie's draft. If more than one, then its less of an issue.
> One or more than one per home/care-of test improvement? But
> there might be somewhat differently applicable methods on
> this too.
>
> (In the interest of full disclosure: I have a draft
> in the works that improves home address test performance
> without requiring preconfiguration.)
>
> --Jari
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Mip6 mailing list
> Mip6@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6



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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
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cc: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>, Christian Vogt <chvogt@tm.uka.de>,
        mip6@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00 
In-reply-to: Your message of Thu, 04 Mar 2004 09:23:54 +0200.
             <4046D98A.10607@kolumbus.fi> 
Date: Thu, 04 Mar 2004 09:04:54 +0100
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   But what we in my opinion
   should prevent is the amplification, not pure reflection.
   
=> this is the detail we disagree: if we prevent pure reflection,
we prevent this attack and all others using the same hole but
which are *reality*, not speculations.

   I mean if you have ingress filtering,

=> this is the only case which makes sense.

   you might not even
   be able to send the EBU to begin with, let alone spoofed ACKs.
   
   However, we are in part trying to build these things so that the
   lack of ingress filtering doesn't open up the situation for many
   new attacks.

=> it doesn't matter to get new attacks, it does matter to get no new
attacks which have a definitive advantage over current attacks, e.g.
which defeat ingress filtering by hiding the source address...

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "NJEDJOU Eric FTRD/DMR/REN" <eric.njedjou@francetelecom.com>,
        "Gregory Daley" <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Cc: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "Stefan Aust" <aust@comnets.uni-bremen.de>,
        <basavaraj.patil@nokia.com>,
        =?iso-8859-1?Q?Carmelita_G=F6rg?= <cg@comnets.uni-bremen.de>,
        "Niko A.  Fikouras" <niko@comnets.uni-bremen.de>,
        "Cornel Pampu" <cornel.pampu@siemens.com>,
        "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        "Greg Daley" <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>, <mip6@ietf.org>
References: <BBBE5BAA3B351C488C415EA662EA8840AD9734@ftrdmel2.rd.francetelecom.fr>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] Re: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2004 23:30:18 -0800
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> Well these protocols (CARD, CTP, FMIP, HMIP) could not and can not be
ready for deployment as they essentially assume that IPv6, then Mobile IPv6
be deployed, at least partially, as the aforementionned protocols rely on
IPv6 and mobile IPv6. Mobile IPv6 products are now coming out from vendors
shelves. We can avoid to wait for (CARD, CTP, FMIP, HMIP) before providing
optimisation for MIPv6 handover by bringing "simple" additions to the base
specification that would already provide smoother handover as a sort of
"work around". Then when we would get enough feedback from MIPv6 deployment
issues we would be able to rethink at the way CARD,... Could be adapted.
>

CARD and CTP are independent of IP version. As for FMIP, there are two
versions, one for IPv4 and one for IPv6.

            jak


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Message-ID: <058f01c3ffe9$c79eecd0$3e6015ac@dclkempt40>
From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Gregory Daley" <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        "NJEDJOU Eric FTRD/DMR/REN" <eric.njedjou@francetelecom.com>
Cc: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "Stefan Aust" <aust@comnets.uni-bremen.de>,
        <basavaraj.patil@nokia.com>,
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References: <5a6a8a5a671e.5a671e5a6a8a@mail1.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: [Mip6] Re: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2004 16:02:08 -0800
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I hesitate to even bring this up, but there's a long history in the IETF =
of
trying to figure out where to do this kind of work. We've been working on
multiple interface (vertical) handover, handover optimization, and such i=
n
MIP and Seamoby for over three years. There are some experimental protoco=
ls
(CARD, CTP, FMIP, HMIP) approaching publication, but they still need a lo=
t
of work before they are ready for deployment. The effort has been hampere=
d
by a lack of impending product or deployment pressure. IETF does not
function well when a particular technology does not have a group of vendo=
rs
and network operators behind it who need interoperability for their produ=
ct
or deployment, and that has been the case for this particular technology.

The result is that the work has been moved to the IRTF MOBOPTS research
group, and I would advise that any proposals be taken there.

            jak

----- Original Message -----=20
From: "Gregory Daley" <Greg.Daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
To: "NJEDJOU Eric FTRD/DMR/REN" <eric.njedjou@francetelecom.com>
Cc: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>; "Stefan Aust"
<aust@comnets.uni-bremen.de>; <basavaraj.patil@nokia.com>; "Carmelita G=F6=
rg"
<cg@comnets.uni-bremen.de>; "Niko A. Fikouras" <niko@comnets.uni-bremen.d=
e>;
"Cornel Pampu" <cornel.pampu@siemens.com>; "Dna" <dna@eng.monash.edu.au>;
"Greg Daley" <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>; <mip6@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, March 01, 2004 7:19 AM
Subject: [Mip6] Re: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND


> Hi,
>
> I know that this has been cross posted, so I'll
> respond to both lists, but perhaps we can talk about
> specific issues in the individual mailing lists
> subsequently.  I'd suggest DNA, unless the MIP6
> chairs wish to respond.
>
> If we need to discuss needs more generally for
> multiple interface configuration procedures or
> vertical handoff, it may be useful to take it up
> with the chairs of either or both WGs (depending
> on the circumstances).
>
> Please see my take below.
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: NJEDJOU Eric FTRD/DMR/REN <eric.njedjou@francetelecom.com>
> Date: Monday, March 1, 2004 9:51 pm
> Subject: RE : [DNA] Current IETF-Draft version - POLIMAND
>
> > Pekka,
> > The problem with MIP6 movement detection handover optimizations
> > (see http://www.ietf.ord/I-D/draft-daniel-mip6-optimized-vertical-
> > handover-00.txt for another draft) is that it is being considered
> > out of scope for DNA because of the mobile IPv6 issue raised and
> > out of scope for MIP6 because of the link triggers that has to be
> > taken into account. Actually, it is within the scope of both as
>
> I'd guess while this is frustrating, it's largely a statement
> of fact.
>
> Please inform me of any incorrect statements I make, since
> there may be subtlties I miss in the drafts.
>
> While the drafts being discussed are principally interested in
> handling multiple connectivity scenarios associated with
> wireless networks, neither MIPv6 (regarding Link hints) or
> DNA (Discussing global signalling) are currently chartered to
> work on these topics.
>
> It is indeed possible that the combination of the techniques
> is seen as the stumbling block by both groups.
>
> For example, if indeed it is necessary to provide vertical
> handover support for MIPv6, is it strictly necessary to talk
> about link layer interactions (polimand may talk about policy instead,
> Of course, it is always hard to standardize policy).
>
> Whether a document looking at multiple interface connectivity
> for MIPv6 would be useful or not (or whether there's much difference
> except the movement detection algorithm) I don't know.
>
> Particularly for DNA, we can't really discuss handovers,
> considering that this term principally refers to session
> restoration or continuation using mobility protocols.
>
> DNA is looking basically at signalling using mechanisms
> within the local link only.  Any reference to other
> protocols (except in a confined way) can make documents
> look like they're (for example) MIP specific.
>
> If there's a difference in the configuration detection
> procedures when a host has multiple interfaces, that may be
> different.
>
> For example, a host may wish to wait passively for router
> advertisements on the GPRS interface (testing reachability
> when the host switches connections to that interface), and
> probes fairly aggressively on a WLAN interface.
>
> Any decision or action based on this the configuration detection
> is starting to push into uncomfortable areas as far as DNA's tight
> charter  is concerned.  Perhaps this is analogous to the reasoning
> used in MIP6?
>
> > DNA -link triggers/hints that will be catalogued/standardized
> > within DNA will also be used for Mobile IPv6 optimised movement
> > detection. Other ones may be needed for this specific purpose.
> > Better detecting network attchment/detachment is a requirement for
> > Mobile IPv6 better performance movement detection and handover.
> > These issues are therefore strongly linked.
>
> I think we have to be particularly careful about the word
> standardized in the previous paragraph.
> There's already been some out-of-band feedback to DNA that we
> should avoid delving into standardization of L2 oriented
> mechanisms.
>
> > MIP6 -Optimized movement detection an handover schemes are
> > essenttial for base Mobile IPv6 Operation, which means, the
> > protocol operation needs exploiting L2 triggers/hints. And  MIPv6
> > implementors use L2 triggers/hints in a confusing way, if not at all.
>
> While the usage of hints may be unavoidable in some DNA schemes,
> there will still be some systems where it is not possible to
> the the kind of hints you desire.  It would be short-sighted to
> design systems which only work if information from the link-layer
> is reliable and available.
>
> > We could be ping-ponging betwwen these two groups for years.
>
> I really hope not, but MOBOPTS isn't necessarily a place for
> killing ideas off to (no matter what some people say!).
> Our research team has (voluntarily!) submitted some ideas there
> for further discussion recently and gotten useful feedback.
>
> I don't even mind if people winnow their existing work down to
> a problem statement which is DNA centric.
> It may be that there's a chance that we'd think it out-of-scope
> anyway, but that's because the WG scope is very narrow.
>
> If the work is clear input into one of the documents on the DNA
> charter, that may change things.
>
> We're only likely to produce 4 documents this year (optimistically).
> so focussing on how the vertical handover/polimand work can
> directly help those is more immediately useful.
>
> As Pekka said, this may mean leaving MIPv6 specific parts to
> MIP6WG or MOBOPTS.
>
> Greg
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Mip6 mailing list
> Mip6@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/mip6
>


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Date: Tue,  2 Mar 2004 15:50:38 +0100
From: Christian Vogt <mail@chvogt.de>
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: mip6@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Mip6] comments on draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00
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Hi Jari!

> I already sent some comments earlier, but I reread this draft
> prior to the meeting. Here are some additional comments. Overall
> I find your draft quite promising. There's probably a need to
> change the approach to byte counts rather than fixed time
> limits, as dicussed earlier.

You are referring to the following question: How can a correspondent
node (CN) know how much data it may sent to a "good" mobile node's
(MN's) new care-of address (CoA), while that CoA is being verified
by a concurrent CoA test, without allowing a malicious node to misuse
the concurrent CoA test for a flooding attack. And yes, the 3-seconds
time limit on the concurrent CoA test, which we proposed in version
-00 of the [2], does not solve the problem for two reasons.

The first reason is the one you mentioned in an earlier email: The
amount of data a CN may send within three seconds can be arbitrarily
high. It is only limited by the pipe between the CN and the target IP
address. A second reason is that a 3-seconds time limit alone does not
prevent a malicious node from continually refreshing a tentative
CoA registration.

It might seem to be an obvious approach to replace the 3-seconds time
limit by a constant byte (or packet) limit. A constant byte limit would
bound the data volume that a CN may send to a yet-to-be-verified
CoA. But a constant byte limit has a similar shortfall than the constant
time time limit proposed in [2], namely: Whatever limit is
chosen, it might still allow for a flooding attack against a node at a
narrow link.

This observation led us to the idea of balancing the data volume that a
CN can send to an "unconfirmed" CoA of a MN with the data volume
that the CN has earlier sent to a "confirmed" CoA of the same MN. With
"unconfirmed" CoA I mean a CoA for which a concurrent CoA test is still
ongoing. With "confirmed" CoA I mean a CoA for which the CN has
obtained assurance, through a CoA test, that the MN is indeed reachable
at that CoA. We called this approach "Credit-Based Authorization",
meaning that a MN must collect some "credit" (in terms of data volume)
before it can do a concurrent CoA test.

In an email, you suggest using the data volume originated *by the MN*,
and sent to the CN, as the counter-balance to what the CN may sent to a
yet-to-be-verified CoA of the MN. Yes, this is a good idea. As
discussed during our conversation after yesterday's MIP6 session,
one should probably use both types of traffic, which would also allow
for applications with asymmetric data flows. 

> However, if as suggested you would change the approach to
> specifically take this into account, this would no longer be a
> problem. Basically, a CN would agree to send out at most X bytes
> of traffic while in the tentative state, where X is, say, 10 % of
> the bytes sent by the MN during the last few minutes. This would
> result in the attacker (mobile node) having to send at least 100
> bytes to get just 10 bytes to the attacker, clearly less than the
> 1-1 reflection simply using TCP SYNs. Still, the 10% is more than
> enough to transfer the data needed until the care-of test answer
> arrives: if you have a constant data rate, 10% of data sent during
> three minutes gives you 18 s to complete the care-of address test.
> 
> If you exceed X, you move the stream back to the home address.

We are currently working on version -01 of [2] in which we specify
Credit-Based Authorization, but we did not finish the new version
in time for this IETF meeting. I do have a slide on Credit-Based
Authorization, which I will show during my presentation of Early
Binding Updates at the MOBOPTS session on Wednesday afternoon, 
provided there is sufficient time. (It is only a 10-minutes
presentation.)

> If this draft goes further, it might make sense to separate
> the home address and care-of address optimizations. That is,
> you could have one draft that explains how the home address
> tests can be initiated before handover takes place. Or would
> this be considered too simple for a draft?... I don't know.

One argument that might be against separating Early Binding Update I-D
is that, in Mobile IPv6, a MN may already do a home-address (HoA) test
whenever it whishes. Though the MIPv6 specification suggest to do the
HoA test after a handover, a MN may also do it before the handover
without violating the protocol specification. In fact, a HoA test can
be done at any time as long as the Home Keygen Token retrieved from it
is not expired when eventually used for Binding Update message
authentication. Nonetheless, I think that splitting the I-D is an
excellent idea, because both the early HoA test as well as the
concurrent CoA test require additional commentary. As far as the HoA
test goes, I may just cite your previous email:

> Perhaps the separate draft that I suggested makes sense, because
> you would also have to describe the exception that you talk about
> in the above [...]

...namely having the MN do a HoA test even when it is at home. As far
as the CoA test goes, there is this credit-based authorization method
which will be specified in version -01 of [2]. Certainly, splitting
the I-D into two separate I-Ds would make both of them easier to read.

> Maybe the byte count scheme could be called the "Adaptive
> Amplification Attack Prevention" (AAAP) or "Attack Cost
> War for Amplification" (ACWA).

We called it "Credit-Based Authorization" for now. It does not sound too
spectacular, I admit. "Counter-Balance-Based Egress Monitoring
could be another alternative.

> Hmm... I wonder if this has been described anywhere else.
> Seems like a rather general scheme. But maybe not, as it
> only makes sense in movements. Write a paper somewhere on this,
> interested?

Credit-Based Authorization is definitely an important topic per se
and needs dedicated consideration. And yes, we intend to elaborate
further on this topic. Writing a paper is an excellent idea!

The following comments are not related to Credit-Based Authorization.

> Maybe with some simulation data should be included, and rules
> to tell when it makes sense: delay at movement vs. potentially
> unnecessary messaging if we didn't move after all.

You are right. Simulation analyses are still on our to-do list.

> Presumably you could do an EBU as soon as you receive the Home Test
> message. I think this would simplify your state machine.

I agree. This is true. When writing this I-D, we thought from an
implementor's perspective: An Early-Binding-Update-enabled MN would
probably implement standard binding updates as well, and that code
could just be re-used here. But, you are right: The state machine gets
simpler if Early Binding Updates are used in all situations.

Jari, I appreciate your detailed comments on Early Binding Updates.

Best regards,


- Christian


[1]
http://www.arkko.com/publications/draft-aura-mipv6-bu-attacks-01.txt
[2]
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-vogt-mip6-early-binding-updates-00.txt


|
| Christian Vogt
| Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe (TH)
| www.tm.uni-karlsruhe.de/~chvogt/
|


Quoting Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>:

> I already sent some comments earlier, but I reread this draft
> prior to the meeting. Here are some additional comments. Overall
> I find your draft quite promising. There's probably a need to
> change the approach to byte counts rather than fixed time
> limits, as dicussed earlier.
> 
> > We propose a modified binding-update procedure that
> > evades the latency of both address tests.
> 
> If this draft goes further, it might make sense to separate
> the home address and care-of address optimizations. That is,
> you could have one draft that explains how the home address
> tests can be initiated before handover takes place. Or would
> this be considered too simple for a draft?... I don't know.
> Maybe with some simulation data should be included, and rules
> to tell when it makes sense: delay at movement vs. potentially
> unnecessary messaging if we didn't move after all. Anyway,
> this part of the optimization would work well with any other
> optimization scheme as well, not just the care-of-test-less
> early binding updates. Or without any other optimization.
> 
> > before changing its point of network attachment. At home, the
> > mobile node does not use Mobile IPv6. It hence does not run a
> > home-address test, and it does not acquire a Home Keygen 
> > Token, before it moves to a foreign link. Also, when the 
> > mobile node powers on at a foreign
> 
> I don't see a reason why the predictive home test strategy
> wouldn't work even in this case. In either case, you have to have
> some ability to "guess" that you will be moving soon, or otherwise
> you'll just be doing some extra signaling.
> 
> > One may consider letting the mobile node perform a home-address
> > test even while being at home. This could accelerate handovers
> > from the home link to a foreign link. The Home Test Init and 
> > Home Test messages would continue to obey to the rules defined
> > in sections 9.4 and 11.6 of [1], except that they would not have
> > to be tunneled between the mobile node and its home agent.
> 
> This is true. But if you are going to adopt predictive home tests,
> I would apply them even to the home case.
> 
> Perhaps the separate draft that I suggested makes sense, because
> you would also have to describe the exception that you talk about
> in the above.
> 
> > These observations lead to the following exception: When a mobile
> > node wants to register a new care-of address with a correspondent
> > node, and the mobile node does not yet know a valid Home Keygen
> > Token, the mobile node runs a standard binding update instead of
> > an Early Binding Update. When the standard binding update is
> > complete, the mobile node can communicate through its new care-of
> > address. The
> 
> Presumably you could do an EBU as soon as you receive the Home
> Test message. I think this would simplify your state machine.
> 
> > test. We claim that testing the mobile node's reachability at
> > its new care-of address may also be done at (3). Data trans-
> > mission to and from the new care-of address may wait or, as
> > with Early Binding Updates, start with appropriate restrictions
> > until the mobile node has provided proof to the correspondent
> > node that it is reachable at its new care-of address.
> 
> This is the issue we discussed earlier. As has been stated by
> Francis and others, in the Internet we already (unfortunately,
> since ingress filtering is not ubiquitous) have the possibility
> to spoof source addresses, leading to 1-1 reflection attacks on
> e.g. TCP SYN packets. So 1-1 reflection is not necessarily
> something we need to prevent in Mobile IPv6. Base RR attempts,
> however, to prevent 1-N reflection attacks where you send one
> (or some) packets and get many more packets to the victim's
> network. The basic scenario is tricking someone into opening a
> stream, and moving the stream towards the victim and letting
> the "someone" pump data towards the victim for a while.
> 
> Your -00 draft with the 3 second time limit still has this issue,
> as a CN which supports EBUs could pump 3 seconds of data stream
> to the victim. How serious is this? It depends on the interface
> speed and effort needed to open the particular stream. Lets say
> 10 packets to open the stream and get over the slow start (maybe
> someone can help me with the actual numbers...). If the CN is a
> mobile on a congested GPRS link, there may not be many packets
> sent during the 3 seconds. But if the CN is an idle web server on
> an OC-3 link there could be a lot of packets, particularly since
> the attacker can send some spoofed TCP ACKs, having learned the
> sequence numbers while opening the stream.
> 
> However, if as suggested you would change the approach to
> specifically take this into account, this would no longer be a
> problem. Basically, a CN would agree to send out at most X bytes
> of traffic while in the tentative state, where X is, say, 10 % of
> the bytes sent by the MN during the last few minutes. This would
> result in the attacker (mobile node) having to send at least 100
> bytes to get just 10 bytes to the attacker, clearly less than the
> 1-1 reflection simply using TCP SYNs. Still, the 10% is more than
> enough to transfer the data needed until the care-of test answer
> arrives: if you have a constant data rate, 10% of data sent during
> three minutes gives you 18 s to complete the care-of address test.
> 
> If you exceed X, you move the stream back to the home address.
> 
> The drawback of this scheme is that on the first binding you may
> be unable to do this, even if you had ongoing data transfer with
> the mobile while it was at home. This is because the IP stack would
> not be counting the received bytes.
> The Home Keygen Token and
> 
> > the Care-of Keygen Token are likely to arrive at the mobile node
> > via disjoint paths: The former passes through the mobile node's
> > home agent, the latter does not. An attacker will thus have a
> > hard time to capture both tokens.
> 
> Strictly speaking, this is not the main worry. As documented in [1],
> the attacker is free to choose the care-of path. So I would worry
> more about attackers posing as mobile nodes and doing the RR test
> than attackers being able to eavesdrop on an RR test performed
> by a legitimate node. In order to pose as a mobile node, you need
> to be on the path to the home agent, and your draft does not change
> that so I think you are ok. (Also, if you are on the path to the
> home agent you can do all sorts of other nasty stuff.)
> 
> (You say all this later in the text, but I just wanted to say
> that two paths are not a protection in RR, your method, or other
> methods.)
> 
> > Another way to mitigate the threat of flooding attacks is to
> > grant Early Binding Updates to trusted nodes only. Recall that
> > the
> 
> I wouldn't put too much emphasis on this. However, if we had some
> stronger home test mechanisms (e.g. CGA), you could combine EBUs
> with them, getting more security.
> 
> --Jari




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We apologize if you receive multiple copies of this message
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


                         Med-Hoc-Net 2004
                         ================
    The Third Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop

                 June 27-30, 2004, Bodrum, Turkey

                http://www.medhoc04.diit.unict.it/


**Deadline approaching**
Full Paper Electronic Submission: March 2, 2004

                         Call for Papers
                         ---------------

Ad hoc network applications are emerging continuously imposing their own
stringent constraints which cannot be fulfilled by generic approaches and
thus spur new research efforts. The aim of Med-Hoc-Net 2004 is to serve as
a platform for researchers and visionaries from academia, research labs,
and industry from all over the globe to share their ideas, views, results,
and experiences in the field of ad-hoc networking and communications.
Med-Hoc-Net 2004 will include presentations of theoretical and
experimental achievements, innovative ad-hoc systems, prototyping efforts,
case studies, and advancements in technology directly affecting ad-hoc
networking and communications infrastructures.

After Sardinia (Italy) and Mahdia (Tunisia), this year the workshop will
take place in another beautiful spot on the Mediterranean Sea: Bodrum
(Turkey) where you will find wonderful nature and amazing historical sites
close to hand. Bodrum is easy to reach via frequent flight connections
from Istanbul.

Topics of Interest:
-------------------
The papers solicited in Med-Hoc-Net 2004 cover a variety of topics
including but not limited to:

- Novel ad-hoc network architectures and applications,
- Sensor network applications and protocols,
- Implementations, testbeds, and prototypes,
- Interfacing ad-hoc systems with different networks,
- Resource discovery and management,
- Power management and control,
- Call admission and traffic shaping policies for ad-hoc networks,
- Multimedia location services,
- Self organization and network reconfiguration,
- Protocols for QoS support in ad-hoc networks,
- QoS support in Bluetooth, HIPERLAN, IEEE 802.11 etc.,
- MAC protocols, scheduling, and radio resource sharing in ad hoc
   networks,
- Unicast and multicast routing algorithms and protocols,
- Transport layer protocols for multi-hop networks,
- Congestion control,
- Performance evaluation of ad-hoc network protocols through
   simulations, analysis, and measurements,
- Security in ad-hoc networks,
- Fault tolerance and error recovery
- Signal processing algorithms (coding, compression) for ad-hoc networks

The program committee will referee all papers, and accepted papers will be
published in the conference proceedings. PAPERS OF PARTICULAR MERIT WILL
BE PUBLISHED IN AD HOC NETWORKS (ELSEVIER) JOURNAL.

Submission and Important Dates:
-------------------------------

Manuscripts must be formatted according to the IEEE double-column standard
format, except the font size, which must be 11pt. Authors should use only
standard fonts, i.e., Times Roman, Courier, Symbol, and Helvetica, or their
equivalent. The maximum length of the manuscript is 12 pages.

Papers should be submitted in pdf or ps format via email to
medhoc04@diit.unict.it according to the following timetable:

Full Paper Electronic Submission: March 2, 2004

Tutorial proposal deadline: April 15, 2004
Notification of Acceptance/Rejection: May 3, 2004
Camera ready submission of full papers: May 17, 2004
Tutorial date: June 27, 2004
Conference dates: June 28-30, 2004

Tutorials:
----------

Proposals for tutorials are solicited. Tutorials should address key topics
on Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks and Mobile Communications, dealing with both
experimental and theoretical research advances in these fields. Evaluation
of proposals will be based on the expertise and experience of the 
instructors,
and on the relevance of the subject matter for the workshop. Potential
instructors are requested to submit a tutorial proposal of at most 3 pages,
including a biographical sketch, to the Tutorial Chairs, Francesca Cuomo
(cuomo@infocom.uniroma1.it) and Christos Douligeris (cdoulig@unipi.gr) by
the tutorial proposal deadline above (April 15, 2004).

Keynote Speakers:
-----------------

Leonard Kleinrock (UCLA, USA), Imrich Chlamtac (UTDallas, USA).

Steering Committee:
-------------------

Khaldoun Al Agha (LRI, France), Mario Gerla (UCLA, USA), Farouk Kamoun
(ENSI, Tunisia), Giovanni Pau (UCLA, USA), and Guy Pujolle (LIP6, France).


Organization Committee:
-----------------------

General Chair:
    Ian F. Akyildiz, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA

General Vice Chair:
   Erdal Cayirci, Istanbul Technical University, TURKEY

Technical Program Chairs:
    Giacomo Morabito, University of Catania, ITALY
    Eylem Ekici, Ohio State University, USA

Tutorial Chairs:
    Francesca Cuomo, University of Rome - La Sapienza, ITALY
    Christos Douligeris, University of Piraeus, GREECE

Publicity  Chairs:
    Buyurman Baykal, Middle East Technical University, TURKEY
    Jaudelice Cavalcante de Oliveira, Drexel University, USA

Registration Chair:
    Sebnem Baydere, Yeditepe University, TURKEY

Technical Program Committee:
----------------------------

Khaldoun Al Agha, Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, FRANCE
Hamid Aghvami, King's College London, UK
Eitan Altman, INRIA, FRANCE
Roberto Battiti, University of Trento, ITALY
Raouf Boutaba, University of Waterloo, CANADA
Walid Dabbous, INRIA, FRANCE
Magda El Zarki, University of California at Irvine, USA
Luigi Fratta, Politecnico di Milano, ITALY
Mario Gerla, UCLA, USA
Paul J. M. Havinga, University of Twente, NETHERLANDS
Ahmed Helmy, University of Southern California, USA
Farouk Kamoun, ENSI, TUNISIA
Holger Karl, Technical University of Berlin, GERMANY
Ulf Korner, Lund Institute of Technology, SWEDEN
Bhaskar Krishnamachari, University of Southern California, USA
Marwan Krunz, University of Arizona, USA
Albert Levi, Sabanci University, TURKEY
Janise McNair, University of Florida, USA
Lazaros Merakos, University of Athens, GREECE
Ioanis Nikolaidis, University of Alberta, CANADA
Ariel Orda, Technion, ISRAEL
Sergio Palazzo, University of Catania, ITALY
Giovanni Pau, UCLA, USA
Chiara Petrioli, University of Rome "La Sapienza", ITALY
Andreas Pitsillides, University of Cyprus, CYPRUS
Guy Pujolle, LIP6, FRANCE
Paolo Santi, CNR, ITALY
Adrian Segall, Technion, ISRAEL
Ness Shroff, Purdue University, USA
Moshe Sidi, Technion, ISRAEL
Raghupathy Sivakumar, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
Ioannis Stavrakakis, University of Athens, GREECE
Ivan Stojmenovic, University of Ottawa, CANADA
Violet R. Syrotiuk, Arizona State University, USA
Leandros Tassiulas, University of Thessaly, GREECE
Damla Turgut, University of Central Florida, USA
Bernhard H. Walke, Aachen University of Technology, GERMANY
Wenye Wang, North Carolina State University, USA
Michele Zorzi, University of Ferrara, ITALY

--------------------------------------------------
For more information on the workshop, please check
http://www.medhoc04.diit.unict.it/



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Hello Hesham,

Soliman Hesham wrote:

>Case 2: Two addresses on two different interfaces.
>Now, the MN may want to put some connections on i/f 1
>and others on i/f 2, why? because i/f 1 is cheap and free
>but doesn't provide QoS for instance so it's ok to put my 
>web browsing on that. On the other hand i/f 2 provides QoS
>(for a price) so I'll only use it for real time apps.
>
>Today MIPv6 does not allow case 2 to take place. Of course
>you could do the same with case 1 (i.e. just to be a pain
>the MN wants to use two CoAs assigned to the same interface) 
>but there is no benefit. The benefit is clearer when there 
>are two interfaces. 
>
How does Mobile IPv6 prevent case 2?

If I want my applications to bind to a case 2 address/socket,
why does Mobile IP get in the way?

Furthermore, I dispute your claim that case 1 has no benefit.
Clearly, it does when the addresses have separate DNS names.

Regards,
Charlie P.



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Btw, there is some discussion about this in the mobopts list too.
And then to our discussion, inline:

>    It might seem to be an obvious approach to replace the 3-seconds time
>    limit by a constant byte (or packet) limit. A constant byte limit would
>    bound the data volume that a CN may send to a yet-to-be-verified
>    CoA. But a constant byte limit has a similar shortfall than the
>    constant time time limit proposed in [2], namely: Whatever limit is
>    chosen, it might still allow for a flooding attack against a node at a
>    narrow link.
>    
> => I agree: as the line speed can be between some kbits/s to a hundred
> Mbits/s (wireless) or some Gbits/s (wired) you either kill performance
> or victims behind a narrow link.

Right.

>    This observation led us to the idea of balancing the data volume that a
>    CN can send to an "unconfirmed" CoA of a MN with the data volume
>    that the CN has earlier sent to a "confirmed" CoA of the same MN. With
>    "unconfirmed" CoA I mean a CoA for which a concurrent CoA test is still
>    ongoing. With "confirmed" CoA I mean a CoA for which the CN has
>    obtained assurance, through a CoA test, that the MN is indeed reachable
>    at that CoA. We called this approach "Credit-Based Authorization",
>    meaning that a MN must collect some "credit" (in terms of data volume)
>    before it can do a concurrent CoA test.
>    
> => this is very complex and does nothing for a victim behind a narrow
> link and an attacker behind a fast link.

Lets explore this a little bit.

As Christian's draft contains the fixed 3 sec limit, presumably his
implementation does as well, so we don't have practical experience about
the complexity. But what would we have to do? I think the algorithm
is here:

  - Upon creating a BCE, set a counter to zero.

  - Upon receiving a packet from the MN with a HAO, check if the
    BCE is in final (non-tentative) state. If yes, increment
    a counter in the BCE with the size of the packet.

  - In order to avoid collecting a lot of credit for a long time,
    the credit must be aged somehow. There's fancy ways of doing
    this, but a simple scheme might be to divide the current credit
    by two every 30 seconds.

  - When sending a packet to the mobile node when the BCE is
    in the tentative stage, decrement the counter with the
    size of the packet. If you reach zero, delete the BCE or
    move it back to its previous location.

Is this all, or is something else also needed?

Francis, I presume the credit based scheme must also ensure
that Alt-CoA is not used, right? Because if we don't ensure
that, an attacker that is under ingress filtering could do
attacks that he previously couldn't. This is because the
care-of test would have to be done for the claimed address,
but the care-of test is not needed in the tentative stage.

Re: victim behind a narrow link and attacker behind a
fast link. You are right that this doesn't do anything
for this case. But isn't this already the case today?
I mean an attacker behind a fast link can send a zillion
spoofed TCP SYNs to www.cnn.com and have the responses
go my GPRS link, which would be hosed. The effort required
for this would be a sending a zillion packets. To do this
via early binding updates, you'd need more than a zillion
packets.

--Jari


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Greg O'Shea wrote:
> I can build with 143-146 or I can build with 144-147.
> 
> Which is it? I need to know.

144-147 are the numbers that I gave to IANA, and ADs
and chairs were a part of that discussion. Go with them.
I suppose the IANA web site will be eventually updated ;-)

--Jari


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Hi,

About two years ago the IETF ROHC WG (see forwarded e-mail below) and
several other IETF WGs (e.g., IETF AVT WG) had major problems with spam
(quantity and 'quality'). It appears that the IETF MIP6 WG is suffering
from this same problem. Both the ROHC and AVT WGs took appropriate
action to eliminate the problem. Would it be possible to do the same for
the MIP6 WG? Thanks in advance.

Regards,

Pete
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D

-----Original Message-----
From: Lars-Erik Jonsson (EPL) [mailto:Lars-Erik.Jonsson@epl.ericsson.se]

Sent: Monday, January 21, 2002 2:58 AM
To: 'rohc@cdt.luth.se'
Subject: [rohc] Actions against mailing list spam

The ROHC mailing list has had major problems with spam, and the amount
of irrelevant postings is not decreasing. As for other IETF mailing
lists, we are therefore considering changing the list configuration so
that posts are only automatically accepted from those subscribed to the
list.

Let us know your opinions on this.

/L-E & Carsten


---
Mailing list for Robust Header Compression WG
Archive: http://www.cdt.luth.se/rohc/

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To: "Pascal Thubert (pthubert)" <pthubert@cisco.com>
Cc: mip6@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Mip6]  HAHA architecture
References: <AC60B39EEE7320498063D37799FB82D902816A00@xbe-lon-313.cisco.com>
From: Alexandru Petrescu <petrescu@nal.motlabs.com>
Date: Fri, 07 Nov 2003 19:44:14 +0100
In-Reply-To: <AC60B39EEE7320498063D37799FB82D902816A00@xbe-lon-313.cisco.com> (Pascal
 Thubert's message of "Thu, 6 Nov 2003 17:10:57 -0000")
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"Pascal Thubert (pthubert)" <pthubert@cisco.com> writes:
> - MN register to closest HA (primary HA)
> - primary HA instanciates a MRHA tunnel and creates a route over that
> tunnel to the MN (MNP) that is being registered
> - primary HA redistributes that route to other HAs using HAHA protocol.
> This is a proactive model where HAHA looks like a classical Routing
> Protocol after all.

Could HAHA not only look but also act as a classical routing protocol?
Could the HA's just exchange routing information instead of BCE sync
messages?

If yes, then maybe the AR's to which MN attaches can also participate
in this routing protocol exchanges and thus no need of Mobile IP at
all, no?

Alex
GBU


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(Apologies if you are receiving this message more than once)

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
                         CALL FOR PAPERS

                         BroadNets 2004
           Broadband Wireless Networking Symposium 2004
                     October 25 - 29, 2004
                   San Jose, California, USA
                        www.broadnets.org

       ***** Extended Submission Deadline: April 1, 2004 *****
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SCOPE
-----

BroadNets 2004 is a new conference focusing on broadband networking
and covers the entire gamut of next generation networks with 
ultra-high bandwidth available all the way from access networks 
(xDSL, Cable, EPON, Broadband Wireless, multi-Gigabit uplinks), 
to regional and metropolitan networks to wide-area core networks.

The conference will consist of the following two symposia:

** Broadband Wireless Networking that is defined to cover 
   high-speed wireless networking for access, regional and 
   backhaul networks including backhaul capacity provisioning 
   using wireless, including the WLAN networks and WMAN.

** Broadband Optical Networking includes WDM technologies, Ethernet and
MPLS 
   integration into the optical layer, Next-Gen SONET/SDH, as well as
SAN 
   extentions over DWDM/SONET/SDH.

BroadNets 2004 will thus offer a unique forum for researchers from
academia, government and industry to share ideas and disseminate 
new results in these important areas.  In addition to expansion in 
scope, BroadNets 2004 will expand its target audience by encouraging
industry contributions, through architecture and position papers.  
More details can be found at www.broadnets.org.

This Call for Papers describes the details for the Broadband Wireless
Networking Symposium ONLY.  (Refer to the broadnets.org website for
the Broadband Optical Symposium details.)  We are soliciting full 
papers in all research, development, and deployment areas on 
broadband wireless networking.  Applications/position/system papers 
from industry are also encouraged.
 
Topics of interest include, but not limited to, the following:
 
- 3G/4G Systems
- Fixed Broadband Wireless Access
- Wireless Local Area Networks
- WLAN Hotspots
- Wireless indoor & home networks
- Wireless Personal Area Networks including IEEE 802.15
- IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) Standards Activities and Products
- Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks
- Wireless Wide Area Networks
- Free-Space Optics
- Ultra Wideband (UWB) Networks
- Ad-hoc networks
- Cellular mobile/WLAN interoperability
- System architecture

- Network Topology management
- Neighbour discovery
- Unicast and multicast routing
- Quality-of-Service support
- Security techniques and systems
- Resource management

- Software-defined radio
- Space-time processing, MIMO systems
- Digital signal processing
- Smart (directional) antennas
- Power control

- Wireless emergency systems
- Standards, Licensing and regulation
- Interference mitigation for multiple access
- Economics and business cases


IMPORTANT DATES
---------------

Full papers due:                April 1, 2004 
Notification of acceptance:     June 7, 2004
Final manuscript due:           July 7, 2004
Conference Dates:               October 25 - 29, 2004

PAPER SUBMISSION INSTRUCTIONS
-----------------------------

Authors are invited to submit full papers of up to 20 double-spaced
pages in Times 10pt font, including references, figures and tables.  
All submissions should be submitted electronically to EDAS system at 
http://edas.info/Conferences.cgi and in Postscript or Adobe PDF format.
Papers of particular merit will be considered for a special
issue of ACM/Kluwer Mobile Networks (MONET) Journal.


PROPOSALS FOR WORKSHOPS, TUTORIALS AND PANELS
---------------------------------------------

Proposals for workshops, tutorials and panels on broadband wireless
networking and related topics are solicited. Contact information 
for respective Chairs can be found at www.broadnets.org.  

Workshop proposals should consist of: 1) title of the workshop,
2) description of potential audience, 3) description of the workshop 
topic and justification of why the proposed topic is interesting and 
timely and, 4) intended format of the workshop. Please submit your
proposals to the appropriate Chairs by April 1, 2004.

Tutorial proposals should consist of: 1) title and outline of
materials to be presented, 2) description of potential audience, 
3) justification of why the proposed topic is interesting and timely
and, 4) biographical sketch of the presenter(s). Please submit your
proposals to the appropriate Chairs by May 1, 2004.

Panel topics should address innovative, controversial, or otherwise
provocative issues of interest related to broadband wireless
networking and communications.  Please submit your proposals to the
appropriate Chairs by May 1, 2004.

CONFERENCE INFORMATION
----------------------

For the general information about the organization of the BroadNets
2004 conference, please visit http://www.broadnets.org or contact 
one of the conference chairs listed below (more details are on
the website).

CONFERENCE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
-------------------------------

BroadNets Conference General Chair: 
  
 Dr. Raj Jain, Nayna Networks/Ohio State University, raj@nayna.com

Broadband Wireless Networking Symposium Chair:

 Dr. Zhensheng Zhang, San Diego Research Center, zzhang@ieee.org

Technical Program Co-Chairs:

 Dr. Parameswaran Ramanathan, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison,
parmesh@ece.wisc.edu 
 Dr. Thomas Hou, Virginia Tech,  thou@vt.edu

Panels Co-Chairs:

 Dr. Byrav Ramamurthy, University of Nebraska - Lincoln,
byrav@cse.unl.edu
 Dr. Loukas Paraschis, Cisco Systems, loukas@cisco.com

Tutorials Co-Chairs:

 Dr. Hakki Candan Cankaya, Alcatel USA, hakki.cankaya@alcatel.com
 Dr. Surendar Chandra, Univ of Notre Dame, surendar@cse.nd.edu

Workshops Co-Chairs:

 Dr. Nasir Ghani, Tennessee Tech University, nghani@ieee.org
 Dr. Rajeev Shorey, National University of Singapore and IBM Research
India, 
                rajeev@comp.nus.edu.sg

Exhibits and Sponsorships Chairs:

 Dr. Samrat Ganguly, NEC Labs, samrat@nec-labs.com
 Dr. Javier Aracil, Universidad Publica de Navarra, Spain, 
                javier.aracil@unavarra.es 
  
Publications Chair:

 Dr. Srinivasan Ramasubramanian, U. of Arizona srini@ece.arizona.edu

Local Arrangements Co-Chairs:

 Dr. Subhankar Dhar, San Jose State University, dhar_s@cob.sjsu.edu
 Dr. Sukesh Pai, Microsoft,  sukeshp@microsoft.com

Publicity Co-Chairs: 

 Dr. Tim Ozugur, Alcatel USA,  tim.ozugur@alcatel.com
 Dr. Gaoxi Xiao, Nanyang Technological Univ. Singapore,
egxxiao@ntu.edu.sg
 Dr. Marcos Rogerio Salvador, CPqD Telecom & IT Solutions,
marcosrs@cpqd.com.br

Steering Committee  Co-Chairs:

 Dr. Imrich Chlamtac, UT Dallas, chlamtac@utdallas.edu
 Dr. Krishna Sivalingam, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 
                krishna@umbc.edu 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Content preview:  Young and Strong Medically Proven and Recognized Around
  the World HGH replenishes what TIME has taken away !Look Better and
  Feel Better ! Be Sexy and Athletic ! Increases your Energy *** Speeds
  up your Metabolism Improves Mental Clarity and Thinking Abilities !Part
  of the daily routines of: Doctors, Celebrities, Models, Athletes,
  Politicians, and even World Leaders ! [...] 

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<center>
  <p align=3D"center"><H4><font color=3D"#FFFFFF" face=3D"verdana">Medical=
ly Proven and Recognized Around the World<br>HGH<br>replenishes what TIME =
has taken away !</font></H4></center><CENTER><H5><font color=3D"#FFCC00" f=
ace=3D"verdana">Look Better and Feel Better !<br>
    Be Sexy and Athletic !<br>Increases your Energy *** Speeds up your Met=
abolism<br>Improves Mental Clarity and Thinking Abilities !</font></H5>
</center><center><H5><font color=3D"#FFCC00" face=3D"verdana">Part of the =
daily routines of:<br>
  Doctors, Celebrities, Models, Athletes, Politicians, and even World Lead=
ers !</font></H5></center>  
<center><H5><font color=3D"#FFCC00" face=3D"verdana">
    Time, stress, and aging REDUCE and EXHAUST <br> the very hormones we n=
eed to remain youthful and vibrant.<br>You can now REPLENISH what time has=
 taken away !<H4><font color=3D"#FFFFFF" face=3D"verdana">With
      Doctor Approved 
      HGH !</font></H4>
    </font></H5>
</center><center> 
<H3><font color=3D"#FFFF00" face=3D"verdana">60 day 100% Money-Back Guaran=
tee!</font></H3></center>


  <center><h3><a href=3D"http://www.fisha.biz/hgh/?buster">This way to loo=
k and feel better with HGH!!</a></h3>
</center>
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</html>
gtjlf nnqczbx

ldyrf
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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue Mar 30 18:35:49 2004
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From: JINMEI Tatuya / =?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCP0BMQEMjOkgbKEI=?= <jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp>
To: Soohong Daniel Park <soohong.park@samsung.com>
Cc: "'Vijay Devarapalli'" <vijayd@iprg.nokia.com>,
        "'Soliman Hesham'" <H.Soliman@flarion.com>, ipv6@ietf.org,
        mip6@ietf.org, dna@eng.monash.edu.au
Subject: Re: [Mip6] Re: A list of issues for RFC2462 update
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	 <01ae01c399d5$e748d660$b7cbdba8@daniel>
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>>>>> On Fri, 24 Oct 2003 11:24:08 +0900, 
>>>>> Soohong Daniel Park <soohong.park@samsung.com> said:

> I agreed with your mention and this issue is work in progress
> at the DNA BOF. A second BOF will be scheduled during
> this meeting.

> For more reference, please look into this draft.
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-park-dna-ipv6dadopt-requiremen
> t-01.txt

Thanks for the pointer.  I think this is a good summary of DAD related
issues raised so far.

(Again, this does not mean I'm going to propose a change in rfc2462bis
due to the issue)

					JINMEI, Tatuya
					Communication Platform Lab.
					Corporate R&D Center, Toshiba Corp.
					jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp

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Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2003 15:58:46 +0900 (JST)
Message-Id: <20031016.155846.03060450.keiichi@iij.ad.jp>
To: mip6@ietf.org
From: Keiichi SHIMA / =?iso-2022-jp?B?GyRCRWc3RDBsGyhC?= <keiichi@iij.ad.jp>
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Subject: [Mip6] I-D on route optimization hints
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Hi all,

I have submitted an I-D that describes a mechanism to distribute RO
hint information.  The hint information is used to judge whether a
mobile node initiate route optimization procedure or not, based on
addresses.

The I-D can be retreived from
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-shima-mip6-rohints-00.txt

The abstract is:
   This memo describes the distribution mechanism of route optimization
   hints, which can be used by a mobile node to determine when the node
   should initiate the route optimization procedure when communicating
   with correspondent nodes.  Usually, a mobile node will perform RO
   procedure to any correspondent node as described in Mobile IPv6
   specification [1].  However, in some cases, it is better not to
   perform RO.  A typical example is a firewalled network.  This memo
   also describes a configuration of a firewall which makes mobile nodes
   possible to move between an intranet and the Internet by using RO
   hints.


Any comments are welcome.

Best Regards,
---
Keiichi SHIMA
IIJ Research Laboratory <keiichi@iij.ad.jp>
KAME Project <keiichi@kame.net>

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Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2003 12:32:15 +0100
From: Henrik Levkowetz <henrik@levkowetz.com>
To: Soliman Hesham <H.Soliman@flarion.com>
Cc: mip4@ietf.org, mip6@ietf.org
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Subject: [Mip6] Re: [Mip4] tying flow movement to MIP  RE: [Mipshop] Minutes of
 Multiple Lin k Flows BAR BOF
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Monday 17 November 2003, Hesham wrote:

> => Sure, I'm not sure what "less general" means though. 

I was refering back to what I wrote earlier in this thread:

"The cost of this solution is in having to do re-registration of multiple
sessions when you move, but such a cost is already implicit in the fact
that with multiple connections through different connection media you
have to be able to handle each media individually, whether it is by
separate sessions or by filter adaptations.  But I believe completely
separate sessions will adapt better to any other non-movement-specific
solution to multihoming that may appear."

	Henrik

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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Mobility for IPv6 Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: The Mobile IPv6 MIB
	Author(s)	: G. Keeni, K. Nagami, K. Koide, S. Gundavelli
	Filename	: draft-ietf-mip6-mipv6-mib-01.txt
	Pages		: 59
	Date		: 2004-2-18
	
This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB), the the Mobile-IPv6 MIB, for use with network management protocols in the Internet community. In particular, Mobile-IPv6 MIB will be used to monitor and control Mobile Node, Home Agent and Correspondent Node functions of an MIPv6 entity.

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