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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Next Steps in Signaling Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Analysis of Existing Quality of Service Signaling 
                          Protocols
	Author(s)	: J. Manner, X. Fu
	Filename	: draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt
	Pages		: 22
	Date		: 2002-10-31
	
This document presents a review of existing protocols for signalling
the Quality of Service requirements of flows to nodes in an IP
network. Protocols are reviewed independently and not compared
against the NSIS requirements document nor to RSVP itself. The
purpose is to learn from existing work and to avoid common
misconceptions about the protocols. A further goal is to avoid to
redesign ideas already implemented in another protocol.

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This draft is a work item of the Next Steps in Signaling Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: NSIS Threats
	Author(s)	: H. Tschofenig
	Filename	: draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt
	Pages		: 15
	Date		: 2002-10-31
	
This threats document provides a starting point to security 
discussions at the NSIS working group. It therefore tries to help the 
NSIS interested reader to understand various security considerations 
in the NSIS Requirements, Framework and Protocol proposals. This 
document does not describe vulnerabilities of specific NSIS related 
protocols.

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This draft is a work item of the Next Steps in Signaling Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: RSVP Security Properties
	Author(s)	: H. Tschofenig
	Filename	: draft-ietf-nsis-rsvp-sec-properties-00.txt
	Pages		: 37
	Date		: 2002-10-31
	
As the work of the NSIS working group has begun there are also 
concerns about security and its implication for the design of a 
signaling protocol. In order to understand the security properties 
and available options of RSVP a number of documents have to be read. 
This document tries to summarize the security properties of RSVP and 
to view them from a different point of view. This work in NSIS is 
part of the overall process of analyzing other protocols and to learn 
from their design considerations. This document should also provide a 
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Nov  1 11:09:24 2002
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Subject: [NSIS] two updates and request for timeslots
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Hi John

Please note that we have updated two drafts:
"A Proposal for RSVPv2": draft-westberg-proposal-for-rsvpv2-01.txt
and
"Analysis of Existing QoS Solutions": draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-03.txt

We would like to present the issues related to these two drafts
during the NSIS WG meeting in Atlanta!
We would like to have two time slots!

Best regards,
Georgios



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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Nov  1 13:12:13 2002
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Subject: [NSIS] Neighbors vs. peers
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The charm of the English language, I have been told, is that it
has a very rich vocabulary (stolen ... err, adapted, from many other
languages!) with many subtle shades of meaning.  I am reminded of this
by the discussion of neighbors vs. peers.

Neighbor is a topological relationship, while peer is a power
relationship.  More concretely, nodes may be neighbors, while protocol
processing entities may be peers.  We sometimes fuzz the  distinction
between nodes and programs running in those nodes, but the distinction
is nevertheless real.

Thus, the revised version of my 2-level signaling document
contains the following sentence ["Johnny, use these two words in a
sentence!"]:

	Under the two-level architecture, corresponding [Upper Level
	Signaling Protoco]] modules in neighbor nodes are peers
	that communicate using the CSTP level.

What we discover directly is neighbors, as a topological fact.
This indirectly discovers peers, of course, but why be indirect
when you can be direct?

Bob Braden

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Date: Fri, 01 Nov 2002 20:26:33 +0100
From: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
Reply-To: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
To: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt
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IMHO it should be titled "Signaling Security Threats" or
"Security Threats in Signaling"

Marcus

--On Freitag, 1. November 2002 08:43 -0500 Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:

> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
> directories. This draft is a work item of the Next Steps in Signaling
> Working Group of the IETF.
>
> 	Title		: NSIS Threats
> 	Author(s)	: H. Tschofenig
> 	Filename	: draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt
> 	Pages		: 15
> 	Date		: 2002-10-31
> 	
> This threats document provides a starting point to security
> discussions at the NSIS working group. It therefore tries to help the
> NSIS interested reader to understand various security considerations
> in the NSIS Requirements, Framework and Protocol proposals. This
> document does not describe vulnerabilities of specific NSIS related
> protocols.
>
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt
>
> To remove yourself from the IETF Announcement list, send a message to
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>
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> username "anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After logging
> in, type "cd internet-drafts" and then
> 	"get draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt".
>
> A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
> http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
> or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt
>
>
> Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.
>
> Send a message to:
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> In the body type:
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--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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From: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
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To: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Comments on requirements draft
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Melinda,

Here my responses to your sugestions. There will be 2 follow-up mails 
containing (1) draft changes you and others sugested, which I include into 
the -05 draft. And (2) a list of open issues to be discussed in Atlanta

Marcus

--On Dienstag, 15. Oktober 2002 13:32 -0400 Melinda Shore 
<mshore@cisco.com> wrote:
>should be "NSIS Working Group", not "Network Working Group"

No, see RFC 2223

>2) this requirement document contains a tremendous amount of
>framework material.  That material needs to be separated out
>and integrated into the framework document.

Removed some of that text.

>should be "NSIS Working Group", not "Network Working Group"

need to check

>References need to be split into normative and informative

there are no non-normative references

>Need to include:
>     "This memo provides information for the Internet community.  This
>      memo does not specify an Internet standard of any kind.
>      Distribution of this memo is unlimited."
>in "Status of this Memo" section

They will finally get this text. So far the document is still a draft and 
has the draft text in status

>Introduction: Change "It does not list any problems of existing
>signaling protocols such as RSVP" to something like "We do not
>identify problems with existing signaling protocols, such as
>RSVP".  Better still, delete it.

>Change paragraph starting with "QoS is a pretty large field"
>to "While we anticipate this protocol will be used for other
>applications in addition to QoS signaling, this document
>focuses on QoS" or something like that.

Deleted

[?]

>
>In terminology: define "Upstream" and "Downstream"
>

regard this as known.

[?]
>
>
>Substance:
>
>The QoS signaling scenarios belong in the framework
>document.  Shouldn't there be some scenarios for something
>beside QoS, so that we can better generalize the protocol?
>
>This document should *not* be presenting conceptual models,
>just requirements.  Conceptual models belong in the
>framework.  Remove related material, such as introductory
>paragraph beginning with "It is clear that the subject of
>QoS is uniquely complex"
>
>Delete first paragraph of terminology section, make sure
>that all terms are actually used in the document.
>Receiver-initiated signaling protocol and sender-initiated
>signaling protocol are not.  Get rid of mom-and-apple-pie or
>obvious terms, like "QoS Technology."
>
>"Resource Management Function" definition is far too
>abstract.
>
>Definitions too QoS-y.  For example, "Flow" can be defined
>in terms of resources requested rather than QoS requested.
>"QoS Provisioning" should be "Provisioning," etc.  I would
>give serious thought to a separate QoS application
>requirements document.
>
>"Trigger" used a lot - I think I probably know what's
>intended by it, but I don't know for a fact what it means.
>Needs definition.
>
>Delete section 3, refer to framework
>
>Delete section 4, refer to framework
>
>Consistent problem throughout Requirements section:
>requirements aren't stated *as* requirements.  Application
>and transport need to be separated out more cleanly (for
>example, 5.3.4 and 5.3.5)
>
>Use of "may be able to" - what does that mean?  Needs to be
>more definite.
>
>5.1.1 Needs to be hardened up lest risks being mom-and-apple-
>pie.
>

I wonder that you think this is apple-pie. I would think the requirement is 
the most important one for you.

>5.1.2 not stated as a requirement.  "The NSIS protocol MUST
>    allow the NI to query for resource availability without
>    initiating a request."
>
rephrased

>5.1.3 is a weak protocol requirement and is probably
>    redundant with 5.1.1.  It's unclear whether or not
>    bullet items are requirements
>

note that the requirements draft does not only cover protocol requirements 
but also framework requirements.

>5.1.4 is related to 5.1.1 and 5.1.3.  We should probably try
>    to distill them down to one or two requirements
>
They are only 2 with some explanation

>5.1.5 is not a protocol requirement
>

But an architectural.

>5.1.7 is related to 5.1.1, 5.1.3, and 5.1.4  See 5.1.4.
>    Also, not stated as requirement.

Sure it is related is in the same section for that reason. reading 5.1.7 I 
would more go split it up into several requirements

>
>5.2.1 Not stated as requirement.  The first sentence is
>    closer, I think, to what's intended than the header
>    (requirement) is.
>

I don't think the header must be specified as a requirement

>5.2.2 Not stated as requirement.  Also wrong - this is out
>    of scope
>

Here I hesitate to remove it before we hav3 resolved the data-path issue.

[...]

>5.3.2 Unclear.  Possibilities: do you mean that any NSIS
>    node, whether NI, NF, or NR, should be able to initiate
>    a teardown, or do you mean that any NSIS node that
>    releases its resources without a request from the
>    initiator should send out a teardown, or do you mean
>    that any NSIS node that releases its resources without a
>    request from the initiator should send out a notice?
>

The latter in case of failures.

>    Don't know what "The goal is to prevent stale state
>    within the network and adds robustness to the operation
>    of NSIS. So in other words, an NSIS signaling protocol or
>    mechanisms MUST provide means for an NSIS entity to
>    discover and remove local stale state." means.  Resource
>    discovery is covered in 5.1.2, and for a node to
>    discover its own state is node mechanism and not a
>    protocol requirement
>

It meant that there needs to be some house-keeping to prevent stale state. 
Softe state is one mechanisms how this can be solved.

>5.3.4 Some questions: Doesn't the answer depend on the
>    application (if we're using the two-layer architecture)?
>    If so, wouldn't the contents of the answer be opaque to
>    the protocol machinery anyway?
>

No, the protocol must have means to tell the NSIS initiator what happened 
to a request. But additional information why the request has failed is 
pretty service depended (in a two layer architecture)

>5.4.1 A bit frameworky.  At least make sure this is
>    consistent with framework
>

This is a req for the framework not the protocol I assume.

>5.4.2 See 5.3.4 and 5.3.5
>

as you pointed out before, you would like to remove 5.3.5 and you are happy 
with this one. But they are different. Put it to the open issue list 
whether we can remove 5.3.5

>5.4.3 This needs to be rewritten so that it's a protocol
>    requirement and not a mechanism requirement.  Also, it's
>    a bit application-ish and may depend on the application
>

I don't agree that this is not a protocol req. But you might be right with 
the application dependence. -> put it onto the open issues list.

>5.4.4. (the word "seamless" makes me queasy)  This can be
>    deleted - it's about NF mechanism
>

What make you queasy??

>5.5 This section really needs more discussion.  Some of it
>    is either obvious or meaningless, and some of it is
>    outside the scope of what is even possible.  A
>    requirements document should state requirements in the
>    form of things like "The NSIS protocol MUST support
>    aggregation of requests."
>

I know the problem, but again things cames out of a length agreement 
process.

>5.6 This might be best broken up and redistributed among
>    other sections
>

I will do this if I hear other concerns.

>5.6.1 I'm not sure what this means - something akin to IPSec
>    selectors?
>

NSIS must work in environemnt where you have flow aggregation on the data 
path.

>5.6.2 Can probably be deleted unless a specific protocol
>    requirement can be identified
>	

Is framework req. and get into a protocol req, but I am not sure


done

>5.6.4 "The NSIS protocol SHOULD permit signaling both
>    unidirectional and bidirectional reservation requests."
>    Delete second paragraph.
>

No, is needed. Was hard to agree on that one.

>5.7.1. "The NSIS protocol MUST support strong authentication
>    among NSIS nodes.  The protocol MUST NOT support the use
>    of plaintext passwords for authentication or
>    encryption."  Delete the rest.  (Note that this is
>    actually quite difficult to do in practice, particularly
>    interdomain).
>

see Hanne's reply

>5.7.2 Need to distinguish between application and
>  transport.  Delete frameworky text.
>

see Hanne's reply

>5.7.3 Need to think about protecting individual message
>    elements as well as entire message
>

see Hannes' reply

>5.7.5 Belongs in framework document
>

Why? It sounds like an requirement.

>5.7.6 Identity of what?  Where does this sit in terms of
>    transport layer/application layer split?  Accounting
>    stuff - application layer
>


>5.7.7 "The NSIS protocol SHOULD be resilient against
>    denial-of-service attacks."  Currently unclear.  Delete
>    rest of paragraph
>
>5.7.8 "The NSIS protocol MUST allow encryption of NSIS
>    messages between NSIS nodes."
>
>5.7.10 Delete
>
>5.8.1 Delete the word "efficient" - motherhood/apple pie
>

Probably for you, but this already went through several iterations to get a 
compromise

>5.9.1 Not a protocol requirement.
>
We are not talking about protocol requirements only

>
>5.9.4 Not just the security mechanism, need to identify
>    considerations for transport and for application.
>    Also, might want to think about interactions with 5.9.3

Changed

>5.9.5 Delete "seamless"  Isn't this redundant with 5.8.1?
>

I think it is not the same, but I rephrased it to try to get the difference.


>5.9.6 This is really unclear and should probably be
>    deleted.  There are specific issues with policy-based
>    routing that need to be addressed in the framework
>    document and may be reflected back here as specific
>    protocol requirements - needs more discussion.
>
>5.10.1 Keep first sentence, delete rest
>

Sorry, but also this one was a compromisee

>5.10.2 Um, how does this work with on-path signaling?  Delete
>
No.



--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Comments on requirements draft 
In-Reply-To: Message from Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de> 
   of "Fri, 01 Nov 2002 21:54:41 +0100." <12534063.1036187681@[192.168.102.207]> 
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> there are no non-normative references

There will be - the framework document, for example.  Even
if there aren't, however, the normative references need to
be labeled as such.  You should probably give
draft-rfc-editor-rfc2223bis-03.txt a good read - the IESG
and the RFC editors are becoming stricter about formal
issues and if the document makes it through WG last call and
is sent to the IESG with format problems, John is going to
be spanked.

> >In terminology: define "Upstream" and "Downstream"
> regard this as known.

You probably shouldn't.  It's not intuitive (I still can't
figure out whether a given neighbor lives "up the road" or
"down the road") and is considerably less obvious than other
terms for which there are definitions in this document, such
as "End Host," "Subdomain," and "Path."

> >5.1.1 Needs to be hardened up lest risks being mom-and-apple-
> >pie.
> I wonder that you think this is apple-pie. I would think the requirement is =
> 
> the most important one for you.

Not really.  When I say "Mom and apple pie" I mean something
that's obvious and feels good but isn't particularly
meaningful.  For example, in this case something like "The
information exchanged over the signaling protocol must be in
such detail and quantity that it is useful for various
technologies" is probably self-evident.  There's something
that looks more like a requirement in there and it is
probably worth restating it so that it's less generic and
puts specific requirements on the protocol.

> >5.1.3 is a weak protocol requirement and is probably
> >    redundant with 5.1.1.  It's unclear whether or not
> >    bullet items are requirements
> note that the requirements draft does not only cover protocol requirements=20
> but also framework requirements.

Okay, but "modular" is one of those words, like
"scalability," that isn't very useful without an explanation
of specifically what is meant.  The examples given don't
necessarily have very much to do with modularity.  For
example "Work over any kind of network" might be an artifact
of modularity, but it might be just plain old IP.  "Uni- and
bi-directional reservations are possible" isn't really an
example of modularity.  Those themselves aren't descriptions
of what is meant by the word "modular."  I think I know what
you're trying to get at, and maybe you could extract some
language from Bob's "Two-Level" draft.

> I don't think the header must be specified as a requirement

The requirements need to be presented consistently.  In the
beginning they're stated in the section headers and later
they're placed in the body of each section.  It's not
necessarily that they belong in the header but that they be
treated consistently.  BTW, my favorite requirements
document as far as presentation is the one produced by the
sacred working group.

> Here I hesitate to remove it before we hav3 resolved the data-path issue.

I think this has been pretty much resolved by fiat (the ADs).

> It meant that there needs to be some house-keeping to prevent stale state.=20
> Softe state is one mechanisms how this can be solved.

It's unclear as stated, I think.  If you're saying that a NE
must release expired resources that's a node mechanism and
is out-of-scope.  Are you trying to say this?
"When an NSIS Entity detects a failure and releases a
reservation, it MUST notify other NSIS Entities along the
reservation's path."  It's not clear exactly what you're
requiring. 

(BTW, the second paragraph in 5.3.2 suffers from the "MUST
be able to" problem)

> >5.5 This section really needs more discussion.  Some of it
> >    is either obvious or meaningless, and some of it is
> >    outside the scope of what is even possible.  A
> >    requirements document should state requirements in the
> >    form of things like "The NSIS protocol MUST support
> >    aggregation of requests."

> I know the problem, but again things cames out of a length agreement=20
> process.

That doesn't make them correct, as you know.  Much of this
section falls into the "Mom and apple pie" category, since
the alternatives to what you're saying could be things like
"The NSIS protocol MUST be inefficient" or "The NSIS
protocol must consume vast amounts of bandwidth."  It's
better in these cases to be specific about what the
requirements are, like saying that the protocol MUST support
aggregation of requests or that the protocol MUST NOT
require more than a single end-to-end round trip to install
a reservation (unless there are errors).


> >5.7.5 Belongs in framework document
> Why? It sounds like an requirement.

The material beginning with "It is a well-known ... " isn't
requirements text and should be moved into the framework
document. 

> >5.8.1 Delete the word "efficient" - motherhood/apple pie
> 
> Probably for you, but this already went through several iterations to get a =
> compromise

"Efficient" took several iterations and a compromise?

> >5.10.1 Keep first sentence, delete rest
> Sorry, but also this one was a compromisee

Again, I'm not saying to delete the requirement, but to
delete the chatty stuff.

> >5.10.2 Um, how does this work with on-path signaling?  Delete
> >
> No.

I think it needs a lot more discussion.  For one thing it
may be an implementation/mechanism issue rather than a
protocol issue.  For another, the text doesn't necessarily
match the requirement.  I'd put it high on the "needs
resolution" list.

Melinda
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From: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
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Subject: [NSIS] updated req draft -05 submitted
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I have submitted the next revision of the reqirements draft.

Here is the change log
Changes 04 -> 05

1) removed  QoS specifics as far as possible, still used as examples at 
several places.

2) Removed text from Section 1-3.

3) Changes exclusion 11 on  "Handoff decision and trigger sources" into:

   11. Handoff decision and trigger sources: An NSIS protocol is not used 
to trigger handoffs in mobile IP, nor is it used to decide whether to 
handoff or not. As soon as or in some situation even before a handoff 
happened, an NSIS protocol might be used for signaling for QoS again. The 
basic underlying assumption is that the route comes first (defining the 
path) and the signaling comes after it (following the path). This doesn't 
prevent a signaling application at some node interacting with something 
that modifies the path, but the requirement is then just for NSIS to live 
with that possibility. However, NSIS must interwork with several protocols 
for mobility management.

4) change in section 5
From:
"All of them are not strictly defined and should not be regarded as that, 
but should give a feeling about where in the network we have different 
requirements concerning signaling."

To:
"These divisions between network types are not strict and do not appear in 
all networks, but where they do exist they may influence signaling 
requirements and will be highlighted as necessary."

5) change req 5.2.3

SHOULD in 2nd paragraph changed to lower-case

6) changed title of 5.3 into "Messaging"

7) req 5.3.3 changed
From:
SHOULD be able to notify

To:
SHOULD notify

8) change req 5.3.4

Second MAY is now lowercase

9) req 5.6.3
changed sender -> NSIS Initiator,
receiver into NSIS Responder

10) created separate req section with the NF initiation req. Keeps the same 
text

11) removed last sentence of req 5.7.4

12) changed req 5.9.2

From:

"The solution MUST NOT constrain either to IPv4 or IPv6"

To:

"The NSIS protocol MUST support IPv4 and IPv6."

13) change req 5.9.4 "SHOULD provide hooks for AAA protocols"

From:

The security mechanism SHOULD be developed with respect to be able to 
collect usage records from one or more network elements.

To:

The NSIS SHOULD be developed with respect to be able to collect usage 
records from one or more network elements.

14) remove text from req 5.9.5

New it says: "An NSIS protocol SHOULD interwork with seamless handoff 
protocols such as context transfer and candidate access router (CAR) 
discovery."

15) Change requirement 5.10.3

From:
"NSIS peers SHOULD be able to detect the malfunctioning peer. It may notify 
the NSIS Initiator or another NSIS entity involved in the signaling 
process. The NSIS peer may handle the problem itself e.g. switching to a 
backup NSIS entity. In the latter case note that synchronization of state 
between the primary and the backup entity is needed."

To:

"NSIS peers SHOULD be able to detect the malfunctioning peer. It SHOULD 
notify the NSIS Initiator or another NSIS entity involved in the signaling 
process. The NSIS peer may handle the problem itself e.g. switching to a 
backup NSIS entity. "

16) Section 6: changed "threads" should be "threats"

--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 1: Local Information Exchange
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Req-Draft: Open Issue 1: Local Information Exchange
------------------------------------------

We have 2 requirements 5.3.5 and 5.4.2 about this.
What is required

a) add domain local information to NSIS protocol messages

and/or

b) allow to use NSIS messges for domain internal communication, e.g., 
coordination between several NSIS forwarders

-05 text of the two reqs

5.3.5 Local information exchange

The signaling protocol MUST be able to exchange local information between 
NSIS Forwarders located within one single administrative domain. Local 
information might, for example, be IP addresses, severe congestion 
notification, notification of successful or erroneous processing of 
signaling messages.

In some cases, the NSIS signaling protocol MAY carry identification of the 
NSIS Forwarders located at the boundaries of a domain. However, the 
identification of edge should not be visible to the end host (NSIS 
Initiator) and only applies within one administrative domain.

5.4.2 Possibility to add and remove local domain information

It SHOULD be possible for the Resource Management Function to add and 
remove local scope elements. E.g., at the entrance to a domain 
domain-specific information is added, which is used in this domain only, 
and the information is removed again when a signaling message leaves the 
domain. The motivation is in the economy of re-use the protocol for domain 
internal signaling of various information pieces. Where additional 
information is needed within a particular domain, it should be possible to 
carry this at the same time as the end-to-end information.


--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation identifier
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Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation identifier
----------------------------------------------------

- see thread on NSIS and mobility
- is the req needed?
- is it needed for a general NSIS base protocol? Or is it application 
dependent?

5.4.3 Independence of reservation identifier

A reservation identifier MUST be independent of the flow identifier (flow 
end-points). Various scenarios in the mobility area require this 
independence because flows resulting from handoff might have changed 
end-points etc. but still have the same service requirement. Also several 
proxy-based signaling methods profit from such as independence.


--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
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Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 3: Replay protection
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Req-Draft: Open Issue 3: Replay protection
-------------------------------

Is req 5.7.4 a MUST or SHOULD
SHOULD because it is too complicated to do

5.7.4 Replay protection

To prevent replay of previous signaling messages the signaling protocol 
MUST provide means to detect old i.e. already transmitted signaling 
messages. A solution must cover issues of synchronization problems in the 
case of a restart or a crash of a participating network element.


--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
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Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
---------------------------------------------------

Proposal to change Req 5.7.8
"The NSIS protocol MUST allow encryption of NSIS messages between NSIS 
nodes."

Currently it says

5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages

Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes participating in 
the signaling protocol an adversary may learn both the identities and the 
content of the signaling messages. To prevent this from happening, 
confidentiality of the signaling message in a hop-by-hop manner MAY be 
provided. Note that the protection can be provided on a hop-by-hop basis 
for most message payloads since it is required that entities which actively 
participating in the signaling protocol must be able to read and eventually 
modify the content of the signaling messages."

--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
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personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 5 Req 5.7.10 Hooks ...
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Req-Draft: Open Issue 5 Req 5.7.10 Hooks ...
--------------------------------------------

Proposal to remove req 5.7.10 " Hooks with Authentication and Key Agreement 
protocols"

5.7.10 Hooks with Authentication and Key Agreement protocols

This requirement covers two subsequent steps before a signaling protocol is 
executed and the required hooks. First there is a need to agree on a 
specific authentication protocol. Later this protocol is executed and 
provides authentication and establishes the desired security associations. 
Using these security associations it is then possible to exchange secured 
signaling messages.

The signaling protocol implementation SHOULD provide hooks to interact with 
protocols that allow the negotiation of authentication and key agreement 
protocols. Although the negotiation of an authentication and key management 
protocol within the signaling protocol may be outside the scope it is still 
required to trigger this exchange in case that no such security association 
is available.
This requirement originates from the fact that more than one key management 
protocol may be used to provide a security association for the signaling 
protocol. Hence the communicating entities must be capable to agree on a 
specific authentication. The selected authentication and key agreement 
protocol must however be able to create a security association that can be 
used within the signaling protocol.

Key management protocols typically require a larger number of messages to 
be transmitted to allow a session key and the corresponding security 
association to be derived. To avoid the complex issue of embedding 
individual authentication and key agreement protocols into a specific 
signaling protocol it is required that most of these protocols are executed 
independently (prior to the signaling protocol) and although the key 
management protocol may be independent there must be a way for the 
signaling protocol to access and use available (i.e. already established) 
security associations to avoid executing a separate key management protocol 
(or instance of the same protocol) for protocols that closely operate 
together. If no such security association exists then there SHOULD be means 
for the signaling protocol to dynamically trigger such a protocol.




--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sat Nov  2 20:41:55 2002
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dear all,

i've been trying to put together a framework update before the official atlanta deadline. basically, the aim is to clarify terminology issues and eliminate some ambiguities of scope/emphasis that comments on the mailing list have thrown up, and *not* to make any substantive technical changes. 

with any luck, this should make it easier to progress on the real subjects.

i've listed the changes in extremely abbreviated form below (in fact, it's the change log from my working version). if any of these ring alarm bells with people, let me know and i'll try to back them out before the submission. however, i've not seen continuing objections to any of them (except that there will never be enthusiastic agreement on terminology, but that's life...)

cheers,

robert h.

=========================================================================

1.	Editorial fix in 'classifier' definition (section 2).
2.	Added definition of 'peer determination' (finding the right peer for a given flow) (section 2).
3.	Added definitions for 'sender' and 'receiver' refers to role relative to data packets always (section 2, and minor fixes in sections 3.2.6 and 3.2.7).
4.	Updated references.
5.	Replaced 'peer session' with 'peer relationship' and 'peer session addressing' with 'peer-peer addressing' (throughout), and attempted redraw of Figure 1 to make it less session-like (corresponding changes in Figure 4, Figure 7, Figure 8, and Figure 9).
6.	Added terms for transport and signaling layer protocols (NTLP/NSLP) and explanation in new section 3.1.3. New terms used throughout (significant rewrites to section 4, although this should be at most a change of emphasis rather than technical content).
7.	Clarified that section 3.2 is about possible modes of operation (listing alternatives, not all to be supported).
8.	Clarified 'local object' definition in 3.2.4.
9.	Added working assumption in 3.3.1 that end-to-end routing is done by sequentially determining the right peer in the NTLP, and no-one discovers or uses global topology information for this.
10.	Added working assumption in 3.3.3 that NTLP operates only locally.
11.	Slightly trimmed 3.3.5 in preparation for turning it into a discussion about NSIS layering boundaries.
12.	Clarified in section 4.2 that peer determination doesn't have to be a separate capability, just that it could additionally be done separately.
13.	Fixed some flow identification terminology inconsistencies in section 5.3.1.

========================================================================
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Folks,

Some time ago John asked me to update my 2-level signaling draft.
Unfortunately a succession of urgent tasks kept me from doing it until
the very last minute ... today ... but it's now done and submitted.  I
believe it is more correct and more complete, and I hope it is
clearer.  In private discussions with some members of the WG, I have
found that some important aspects of the previous document were
misunderstood; I hope they will now be clearer.

It is available online at:

http://www.isi.edu/~braden/nsis/draft-braden-2level-signaling-01.txt

and also on the RSVP web page www.isi.edu/rsvp/ under publications.
And of course it will (eventually) roll out of the IETF repository.

Bob Braden

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Hi Marcus,

I think you suggestions are reasonable.

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Marcus Brunner [mailto:brunner@ccrle.nec.de]
> Sent: 01 November, 2002 21:27
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt
> 
> 
> IMHO it should be titled "Signaling Security Threats" or
> "Security Threats in Signaling"
> 
> Marcus
> 
> --On Freitag, 1. November 2002 08:43 -0500 
> Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:
> 
> > A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
> > directories. This draft is a work item of the Next Steps in 
> Signaling
> > Working Group of the IETF.
> >
> > 	Title		: NSIS Threats
> > 	Author(s)	: H. Tschofenig
> > 	Filename	: draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt
> > 	Pages		: 15
> > 	Date		: 2002-10-31

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Hi Bob,

> Thus, the revised version of my 2-level signaling document
> contains the following sentence ["Johnny, use these two words in a
> sentence!"]:
> 
> 	Under the two-level architecture, corresponding [Upper Level
> 	Signaling Protoco]] modules in neighbor nodes are peers
> 	that communicate using the CSTP level.
> 
> What we discover directly is neighbors, as a topological fact.
> This indirectly discovers peers, of course, but why be indirect
> when you can be direct?

This sounds like a reasonable solution for the terminology.  If someone
has a problem with it, I expect that they have a better suggestion.

best regards,
John
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Comments on requirements draft
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Hi Marcus,

> >should be "NSIS Working Group", not "Network Working Group"
> 
> need to check

It should be NSIS Working Group.
 
> >References need to be split into normative and informative
> 
> there are no non-normative references

The split suggested is: Normative are documents which must
be read to understand the document in question; informative
(non-normative) are references which provide additional /
background info.
 
thanks,
John
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Hi Rüdiger,

What I take from Bob's mail is that an NSIS protocol may wish
to have a neighbor discovery process, so it knows what are
the NSIS hops around it.  This could be very useful when nodes
fail and things need to be re-routed / re-signaled.  This 
type of thing is not explicitly off-path signaling, so I think
it is within scope. This could be considered as part of the
building blocks of the protocol.

Additionally, what I think of as out of scope
is for NSIS endpoints to try to discover different services which
a network may provide.

Am I addressing your concern?

John
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Geib, Ruediger [mailto:Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com]
> Sent: 31 October, 2002 10:26
> To: braden@ISI.EDU; brunner@ccrle.nec.de; robert.hancock@roke.co.uk
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: nsis mobility interactions (was: RE: [NSIS] Some comments
> on draft-ietf-nsis-req-04.txt) 
> 
> 
> Hi John,
> 
> I support Bob's suggestion and would like to ask you about your
> and the AD's position.
> 
> Regards, Rüdiger
> 
> Bob Braden wrote:
> 
> There is a subtle difference between neighbor discovery and 
> routing.  Discovery allows a node to find all the neighbor 
> nodes to which signaling messages might be forwarded.
> Routing determines which actual next hops are used for 
> forwarding a particular signaling message.  Neighbor 
> discovery involves only local information,\ while routing 
> involves global information in general.
>  
> I can imagine that the new QoS signaling protocol [I refuse 
> to call it "NSIS", because I think that's a dumb name for 
> a protocol] might want to have a neighbor discovery 
> mechanism (roughly an "up/down" protocol), but it might 
> still want to route signaling packets using the same 
> routing that is used for data packets.  Note that if you 
> use "some different routing mechanism", you almost 
> certainly have times when data routing differs from 
> signal routing, which is busted.
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> Bob Braden
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> 
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Nov  4 05:42:26 2002
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From: "Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
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Subject: [NSIS] Updated: draft-westberg-proposal-for-rsvpv2-01.txt
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Hi

Please note that the  submission of the draft "A Proposal for RSVPv2" , 
draft-westberg-proposal-for-rsvpv2-01.txt has been announced by the IETF and is located at:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-proposal-for-rsvpv2-01.txt

The main differences between the 00 version and this version are associated to the
fact that the two level architecture of internet signaling, introduced 
in draft-braden-2level-signal-arch-00.txt, is used.

If you have any comments please let me know!

Best Regards,
Georgios


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From: "Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>
To: john.loughney@nokia.com
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: nsis mobility interactions (was: RE: [NSIS] Some comments on 
	draft-ietf-nsis-req-04.txt) 
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Hi John,

As already mentioned, sounds good to me. What's the AD's view?

> John Loughney wrote:
> What I take from Bob's mail is that an NSIS protocol may wish
> to have a neighbor discovery process, so it knows what are
> the NSIS hops around it.  This could be very useful when nodes
> fail and things need to be re-routed / re-signaled.  This 
> type of thing is not explicitly off-path signaling, so I think
> it is within scope. This could be considered as part of the
> building blocks of the protocol.

 
> > I support Bob's suggestion and would like to ask you about your
> > and the AD's position.
> > 
> > Regards, Rüdiger
> > 
> > Bob Braden wrote:
> > 
> > There is a subtle difference between neighbor discovery and 
> > routing.  Discovery allows a node to find all the neighbor 
> > nodes to which signaling messages might be forwarded.
> > Routing determines which actual next hops are used for 
> > forwarding a particular signaling message.  Neighbor 
> > discovery involves only local information,\ while routing 
> > involves global information in general.
> >  
> > I can imagine that the new QoS signaling protocol [I refuse 
> > to call it "NSIS", because I think that's a dumb name for 
> > a protocol] might want to have a neighbor discovery 
> > mechanism (roughly an "up/down" protocol), but it might 
> > still want to route signaling packets using the same 
> > routing that is used for data packets.  Note that if you 
> > use "some different routing mechanism", you almost 
> > certainly have times when data routing differs from 
> > signal routing, which is busted.
> > 
> > Thanks,
> > 
> > Bob Braden
> > _______________________________________________
> > nsis mailing list
> > nsis@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> > 
> 
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Date: Mon, 04 Nov 2002 15:27:35 +0100
From: Roland Bless <bless@tm.uka.de>
Subject: [NSIS] Updated: draft-schelen-nsis-opopsig-01
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Hi,

a new version of the draft-schelen-nsis-opopsig was just submitted by
Olov to the I-D repository. The draft has undergone major revisions (it
is hopefully less solution-oriented) and was adapted to the new terms
path-coupled/path-decoupled.

Until it is published by the Internet-Drafts editor
you can get it from:

http://www.operax.com/drafts/draft-schelen-nsis-opopsig-01.txt
or
http://www.tm.uka.de/doc/2002/draft-schelen-nsis-opopsig-01.txt

Title: "Path-coupled and Path-decoupled Signaling for NSIS"
Abstract:
   The NSIS Work group will develop the requirements, architecture and
   protocols for the next IETF steps on signaling.  Two approaches for a
   signaling model have been discussed: path-coupled and path-decoupled
   (previously denoted as on-path and off-path).  This draft provides a
   conceptual comparison between path-coupled and path-decoupled
   signaling together with reasons for why an NSIS protocol should be
   designed to support both cases.  The collection of data objects to be
   carried by the protocol should basically be the same in both cases
   and will evolve over time as new usages for NSIS protocol are
   identified.  The differences between the two flavors of this NSIS
   protocol are then explained.


-- 
Roland Bless -- e-Mail: bless@tm.uka.de WWW: http://www.tm.uka.de/~bless
Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe, Germany  

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Subject: [NSIS] Updated framework draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01
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Hi all,

as foreshadowed yesterday, we've updated the framework document. The changes are either clarifications (we think) or part of the sloooow convergence towards a universally agreed terminology. 

while we wait for it to work through the i-d queue, you can find a copy at:
http://www.epic.roke.co.uk/epic/draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt

still plenty of open issues to get your teeth into!

cheers,

robert h.
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Hi Melinda, all,

This mail is a follow-up to one of the remarks on the framework draft you
sent a while ago. I have checked the requirements draft like you suggested.
For reference, I included your comment.

[ms] 3.3.2 The first sentence is *excellent* - IETF documents need more of
this kind of thing.  Otherwise section needs to be aligned with
requirements document - currently they're somewhat out of alignment

The framework draft currently states:
More in particular, it is not clear whether:
*) an NF can request, modify or release a reservation. If it cannot, it
needs to notify the NI in order to perform these functions.
*) an NR can modify and release a reservation. Even if the NR can reject or
accept the reservation with modification, it might still be required to
notify the NI to signal the release or modification.

The idea of this section is/was to explore whether all NEs should have
equal capabilities or whether there would be operations on reservations
that could only be performed by the NI and/or NR.

I found three section in the requirements draft that refer to the
capabilities of and/or functions performed by the NEs:
5.3.2 Possibility for automatic release of resources after failure: states
that an NF needs to be able to release reservations in case of a failure
and mentions soft-state as a possible implementation choice.
5.4.1 Mutability information on parameters: states that an NI needs to be
able to control the mutability of NSIS parameters
5.7.5 Hop-by-hop security: states that intermediate nodes may be modifying
the message.

None of these sections preclude or mandate an NF to request a reservation.
The ability to initiate a reservation at the NF is potentially useful in
case of failures. In that case, the NF can request a reservation on an
alternative path on behalf of the NI which reduces the potential service
interruption. The first bullet (request reservation) in section 3.3.2 was
meant to initiate the discussion on that.

The ability to modify a message is clearly desirable at each of the NEs. It
is, however, not the same thing as modifying the reservation. Modifying a
reservation would mean taking the decision to reserve less (or more)
resources. It is not clear that either an NF or an NR would be allowed to
do that. The requirements document talks about control of mutability here
but only as a SHOULD (not MUST). I am not sure what happens when an
implementation chooses not to implement this. I think we saw changing the
reservation request at intermediate nodes as no more than an optimisation
which could save set-up delay. I am not sure if this is worth the
additional complexity. Hence the discussion point in 3.3.2.

The requirements only refer to the possibility for automatic release of
resources after a failure. I am not sure if this covers cases where the
release is due to other issues. The requirements do not state that this
means that the NF would say 'initiating a reservation teardown' rather than
'releasing a reservation'. An NF could then send a notification to the NI
which would initiate the teardown.

Does any of this address your comment?

Cheers,
Sven.

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  *> 
  *> >References need to be split into normative and informative
  *> 
  *> there are no non-normative references

Marcus,

Actually, this normative business is a little confusing for everybody.
From the viewpoint of the RFC Editor, the normative attribute is really
relevant only on standards track documents (or BCPs, which are
quasi-standards).  Since this is a requirements draft that will not be
a standard of any kind, some believe that NONE of its references need
be normative.

The practical consequence of a normative reference is that it may hold
up publication if the referenced document has not itself been
published.  Mutual normative references force a group of RFCs to be
published simultaneously, often holding them all up because due to a
minor glitch in one of them.  If the referenced documet is already
published, making a normative reference to it has no practical
consequences.

Bob Braden
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  *> 
  *> Hi Rüdiger,
  *> 
  *> What I take from Bob's mail is that an NSIS protocol may wish

may, or may not... it is an open technical question that needs
thought and debate.  RSVP did not need such a process, so there
is precedent for the CON side.  The PRO sides needs to provide
some convincing examples of where explicit neighbor discovery
is needed.

Bob Braden
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From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt
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hi john,
hi marcus

the next version of the document will have the title: "Security Threats in
Signaling".

please send me comments to the described threats (or additional threats). a
new document version will be available shortly after the next ietf meeting.
the updates are mainly editorial to improve the readability of the draft.

ciao
hannes

> -----Original Message-----
> From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> john.loughney@nokia.com
> Sent: Monday, November 04, 2002 9:49 AM
> To: brunner@ccrle.nec.de; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt
>
>
> Hi Marcus,
>
> I think you suggestions are reasonable.
>
> John
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ext Marcus Brunner [mailto:brunner@ccrle.nec.de]
> > Sent: 01 November, 2002 21:27
> > To: nsis@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt
> >
> >
> > IMHO it should be titled "Signaling Security Threats" or
> > "Security Threats in Signaling"
> >
> > Marcus
> >
> > --On Freitag, 1. November 2002 08:43 -0500
> > Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:
> >
> > > A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
> > > directories. This draft is a work item of the Next Steps in
> > Signaling
> > > Working Group of the IETF.
> > >
> > > 	Title		: NSIS Threats
> > > 	Author(s)	: H. Tschofenig
> > > 	Filename	: draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt
> > > 	Pages		: 15
> > > 	Date		: 2002-10-31
>
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>

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hi marcus

i hope that i am not fully misunderstanding something but it had the
impression that this concept was agreed by everyone. even the framework says
that the separation of a reservation (or session) identifier and the flow
identifier is important to address mobility issues.

ciao
hannes


> -----Original Message-----
> From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Marcus Brunner
> Sent: Friday, November 01, 2002 11:33 PM
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation
> identifier
>
>
>
> Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation identifier
> ----------------------------------------------------
>
> - see thread on NSIS and mobility
> - is the req needed?
> - is it needed for a general NSIS base protocol? Or is it application
> dependent?
>
> 5.4.3 Independence of reservation identifier
>
> A reservation identifier MUST be independent of the flow identifier (flow
> end-points). Various scenarios in the mobility area require this
> independence because flows resulting from handoff might have changed
> end-points etc. but still have the same service requirement. Also several
> proxy-based signaling methods profit from such as independence.
>
>
> --------------------------------------
> Dr. Marcus Brunner
> Network Laboratories
> NEC Europe Ltd.
>
> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis

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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 3: Replay protection
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hi markus!

my observation is that replay protection should be classified as a MUST. i
am not aware of a protocol which suggests to classify it as a should.
furthermore replay protection is stronly related to authentication. if you
have no guarantee of freshness then proper authentication is also hard to
achieve.

ciao
hannes


> -----Original Message-----
> From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Marcus Brunner
> Sent: Friday, November 01, 2002 11:34 PM
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 3: Replay protection
>
>
> Req-Draft: Open Issue 3: Replay protection
> -------------------------------
>
> Is req 5.7.4 a MUST or SHOULD
> SHOULD because it is too complicated to do
>
> 5.7.4 Replay protection
>
> To prevent replay of previous signaling messages the signaling protocol
> MUST provide means to detect old i.e. already transmitted signaling
> messages. A solution must cover issues of synchronization problems in the
> case of a restart or a crash of a participating network element.
>
>
> --------------------------------------
> Dr. Marcus Brunner
> Network Laboratories
> NEC Europe Ltd.
>
> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Nov  4 12:10:13 2002
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To: <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>, <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
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hi marcus

i would agree to a stronger requirement for confidentiality protection of
signaling messages.

how about:

"NSIS signaling messages MUST be confidentiality protected between NSIS
nodes."

ciao
hannes


> -----Original Message-----
> From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Marcus Brunner
> Sent: Friday, November 01, 2002 11:35 PM
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling
> messages
>
>
>
> Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
> ---------------------------------------------------
>
> Proposal to change Req 5.7.8
> "The NSIS protocol MUST allow encryption of NSIS messages between NSIS
> nodes."
>
> Currently it says
>
> 5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages
>
> Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes
> participating in
> the signaling protocol an adversary may learn both the identities and the
> content of the signaling messages. To prevent this from happening,
> confidentiality of the signaling message in a hop-by-hop manner MAY be
> provided. Note that the protection can be provided on a hop-by-hop basis
> for most message payloads since it is required that entities
> which actively
> participating in the signaling protocol must be able to read and
> eventually
> modify the content of the signaling messages."
>
> --------------------------------------
> Dr. Marcus Brunner
> Network Laboratories
> NEC Europe Ltd.
>
> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Mon Nov  4 12:10:14 2002
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 5 Req 5.7.10 Hooks ...
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hi marcus

i think that nsis should be able to interact with other protocols (called
hooks in this context). other protocols also require such interaction. to
make sure that the interaction is actually possible (and that it works in
the expected way) a requirement should be specified. is the descripion too
fuzzy? should it simply be discussed in the framework only?

ciao
hannes

> -----Original Message-----
> From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Marcus Brunner
> Sent: Friday, November 01, 2002 11:37 PM
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 5 Req 5.7.10 Hooks ...
>
>
> Req-Draft: Open Issue 5 Req 5.7.10 Hooks ...
> --------------------------------------------
>
> Proposal to remove req 5.7.10 " Hooks with Authentication and Key
> Agreement
> protocols"
>
> 5.7.10 Hooks with Authentication and Key Agreement protocols
>
> This requirement covers two subsequent steps before a signaling
> protocol is
> executed and the required hooks. First there is a need to agree on a
> specific authentication protocol. Later this protocol is executed and
> provides authentication and establishes the desired security
> associations.
> Using these security associations it is then possible to exchange secured
> signaling messages.
>
> The signaling protocol implementation SHOULD provide hooks to
> interact with
> protocols that allow the negotiation of authentication and key agreement
> protocols. Although the negotiation of an authentication and key
> management
> protocol within the signaling protocol may be outside the scope
> it is still
> required to trigger this exchange in case that no such security
> association
> is available.
> This requirement originates from the fact that more than one key
> management
> protocol may be used to provide a security association for the signaling
> protocol. Hence the communicating entities must be capable to agree on a
> specific authentication. The selected authentication and key agreement
> protocol must however be able to create a security association
> that can be
> used within the signaling protocol.
>
> Key management protocols typically require a larger number of messages to
> be transmitted to allow a session key and the corresponding security
> association to be derived. To avoid the complex issue of embedding
> individual authentication and key agreement protocols into a specific
> signaling protocol it is required that most of these protocols
> are executed
> independently (prior to the signaling protocol) and although the key
> management protocol may be independent there must be a way for the
> signaling protocol to access and use available (i.e. already established)
> security associations to avoid executing a separate key
> management protocol
> (or instance of the same protocol) for protocols that closely operate
> together. If no such security association exists then there
> SHOULD be means
> for the signaling protocol to dynamically trigger such a protocol.
>
>
>
>
> --------------------------------------
> Dr. Marcus Brunner
> Network Laboratories
> NEC Europe Ltd.
>
> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis

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  *> 
  *> hi marcus
  *> 
  *> i hope that i am not fully misunderstanding something but it had the
  *> impression that this concept was agreed by everyone. even the framework says
  *> that the separation of a reservation (or session) identifier and the flow
  *> identifier is important to address mobility issues.
  *> 
  *> ciao
  *> hannes
  *> 
  *> 

I believe we had considerable discussion on this point, and I don't
think a final agreement was reached.

Bob Braden

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  *> 
  *> hi marcus
  *> 
  *> i would agree to a stronger requirement for confidentiality protection of
  *> signaling messages.
  *> 
  *> how about:
  *> 
  *> "NSIS signaling messages MUST be confidentiality protected between NSIS
  *> nodes."
  *> 
  *> ciao
  *> hannes
  *> 
  *> 

Whoa!!! Strong encryption has a cost, and it is by no means clear that
very many users of your protocol are going to want or need to pay that
cost in order to protect confidentiality of signaling.  Your version
shifts from a requirement for support, which was reasonable, to
a requirement for implementation and use, which is out of bounds.

Bob Braden


  *> > -----Original Message-----
  *> > From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
  *> > Marcus Brunner
  *> > Sent: Friday, November 01, 2002 11:35 PM
  *> > To: nsis@ietf.org
  *> > Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling
  *> > messages
  *> >
  *> >
  *> >
  *> > Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
  *> > ---------------------------------------------------
  *> >
  *> > Proposal to change Req 5.7.8
  *> > "The NSIS protocol MUST allow encryption of NSIS messages between NSIS
  *> > nodes."
  *> >
  *> > Currently it says
  *> >
  *> > 5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages
  *> >
  *> > Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes
  *> > participating in
  *> > the signaling protocol an adversary may learn both the identities and the
  *> > content of the signaling messages. To prevent this from happening,
  *> > confidentiality of the signaling message in a hop-by-hop manner MAY be
  *> > provided. Note that the protection can be provided on a hop-by-hop basis
  *> > for most message payloads since it is required that entities
  *> > which actively
  *> > participating in the signaling protocol must be able to read and
  *> > eventually
  *> > modify the content of the signaling messages."
  *> >
  *> > --------------------------------------
  *> > Dr. Marcus Brunner
  *> > Network Laboratories
  *> > NEC Europe Ltd.
  *> >
  *> > E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
  *> > WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
  *> > Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
  *> > personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
  *> >
  *> >
  *> > _______________________________________________
  *> > nsis mailing list
  *> > nsis@ietf.org
  *> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> 
  *> _______________________________________________
  *> nsis mailing list
  *> nsis@ietf.org
  *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> 


----- End Included Message -----

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Subject: Re: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages 
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> Whoa!!! Strong encryption has a cost, and it is by no means clear that
> very many users of your protocol are going to want or need to pay that
> cost in order to protect confidentiality of signaling.  Your version
> shifts from a requirement for support, which was reasonable, to
> a requirement for implementation and use, which is out of bounds.

It's also very common for protocols to require encryption
without saying much, if anything, about keying, and keying
is where things go to heck in a handbasket very, very
quickly.  If we're going to require that NSIS entities in
two different domains are going to be able to establish a
security association between them, we need to think long and
hard about where the keys are going to come from.

Melinda
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  *> 
  *> 
  *> Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation identifier
  *> ----------------------------------------------------
  *> 
  *> - see thread on NSIS and mobility
  *> - is the req needed?
  *> - is it needed for a general NSIS base protocol? Or is it application 
  *> dependent?
  *> 
  *> 5.4.3 Independence of reservation identifier
  *> 
  *> A reservation identifier MUST be independent of the flow identifier (flow 

Actually, only trouble I have with this statement is capitalizing
MUST.  By its very definition, a reservation identifier is independent
of the flow identifier (otherwise, we wouldn't call it a reservation
identifier, we would call it a flow identifier, right?) Since the
independence is by definition, not de jure, there is no place for MUST
here -- there is no requirement.  The requirement (should it be agreed
upon), woudd simply be that the protocol MUST support a reservation
identifier.

HINT: The best list of requirements is the shortest list, not the
longest list.

Bob Braden

  *> end-points). Various scenarios in the mobility area require this 
  *> independence because flows resulting from handoff might have changed 
  *> end-points etc. but still have the same service requirement. Also several 
  *> proxy-based signaling methods profit from such as independence.
  *> 
  *> 
  *> --------------------------------------
  *> Dr. Marcus Brunner
  *> Network Laboratories
  *> NEC Europe Ltd.
  *> 
  *> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
  *> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
  *> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
  *> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
  *> 
  *> 
  *> _______________________________________________
  *> nsis mailing list
  *> nsis@ietf.org
  *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> 
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  *> From nsis-admin@ietf.org  Fri Nov  1 14:35:05 2002
  *> Date: Fri, 01 Nov 2002 23:33:47 +0100
  *> From: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
  *> To: nsis@ietf.org
  *> MIME-Version: 1.0
  *> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
  *> Content-Disposition: inline
  *> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
  *> Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 3: Replay protection
  *> X-BeenThere: nsis@ietf.org
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  *> X-AntiVirus: scanned by AMaViS 0.2.1
  *> 
  *> Req-Draft: Open Issue 3: Replay protection
  *> -------------------------------
  *> 
  *> Is req 5.7.4 a MUST or SHOULD
  *> SHOULD because it is too complicated to do
  *> 

Not clear that it is too complicated... the RSVP hop/hop security
mechanism has replay protection, and the algorithm is already
documented in an RFC.

Bob Braden

  *> 5.7.4 Replay protection
  *> 
  *> To prevent replay of previous signaling messages the signaling protocol 
  *> MUST provide means to detect old i.e. already transmitted signaling 
  *> messages. A solution must cover issues of synchronization problems in the 
  *> case of a restart or a crash of a participating network element.
  *> 
  *> 
  *> --------------------------------------
  *> Dr. Marcus Brunner
  *> Network Laboratories
  *> NEC Europe Ltd.
  *> 
  *> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
  *> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
  *> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
  *> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
  *> 
  *> 
  *> _______________________________________________
  *> nsis mailing list
  *> nsis@ietf.org
  *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> 
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  *> 
  *> 
  *> Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
  *> ---------------------------------------------------
  *> 
  *> Proposal to change Req 5.7.8
  *> "The NSIS protocol MUST allow encryption of NSIS messages between NSIS 
  *> nodes."
  *> 
Marcus,

I suspect that this is what "MAY be provided" was intended to mean, but
I agree that your proposed restatemnt is much clearer, and I support it.

Bob Braden

  *> Currently it says
  *> 
  *> 5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages
  *> 
  *> Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes participating in 
  *> the signaling protocol an adversary may learn both the identities and the 
  *> content of the signaling messages. To prevent this from happening, 
  *> confidentiality of the signaling message in a hop-by-hop manner MAY be 
  *> provided. Note that the protection can be provided on a hop-by-hop basis 
  *> for most message payloads since it is required that entities which actively 
  *> participating in the signaling protocol must be able to read and eventually 
  *> modify the content of the signaling messages."
  *> 
  *> --------------------------------------
  *> Dr. Marcus Brunner
  *> Network Laboratories
  *> NEC Europe Ltd.
  *> 
  *> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
  *> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
  *> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
  *> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
  *> 
  *> 
  *> _______________________________________________
  *> nsis mailing list
  *> nsis@ietf.org
  *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> 
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hi all,

I confess being somewhat in a dilemma about this one. Please excuse the following somewhat discursive email.

On the one hand, I think there is (fairly) widespread consensus that an independent reservation identifier is needed to support certain seamless mobility functions. For example, Mike Thomas' draft includes in 1.2.5:

"... this draft makes the wild and perhaps unfounded
   assumption that the ISSLL working group will step up to allowing RSVP
   to use a session identifier in addition to the normal 5-tuple to
   identify a reservation. Given the round trip implications, the author
   cannot see how seamless mobility with RSVP reservations can be
   achieved if this assumption is false."

What is unclear is 
(a) whether the improvements over plain resignalling from scratch is worth it
(b) especially given that supporting such an identifier is hard.

But in any case, if the role of this identifier is supporting mobility scenarios, then we already have a requirement for that (5.8.1, "Allow efficient XXX re-establishment after handover"). If a separate identifier is the only way to meet that, we'll get it anyway. Incidentally, if we delete 'efficient' in 5.8.1 the requirement becomes unambiguous and entirely vacuous, since you can always resignal from scratch.

In that sense, we don't need 5.4.3....

On the other hand, we have (I think) a general goal to develop something that can be used for applications and in scenarios we haven't thought of yet, which leads to certain goals about modularity, clean interfaces with other protocols/functions, and so on. Being able to refer to a reservation independently of the flow identification could come into that category of Good Things (like, for example, structuring things as two layers/levels...). But does that mean we need it in the requirements document? It depends what you want to use the requirements document for (which actually isn't clear to me at the moment).

My instinctual preference would be to keep it as a should.

Cheers,

Robert H.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bob Braden [mailto:braden@ISI.EDU]
> Sent: 04 November 2002 17:54
> To: nsis@ietf.org; brunner@ccrle.nec.de
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of 
> reservation
> identifier
> 
> 
> 
>   *> 
>   *> 
>   *> Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation identifier
>   *> ----------------------------------------------------
>   *> 
>   *> - see thread on NSIS and mobility
>   *> - is the req needed?
>   *> - is it needed for a general NSIS base protocol? Or is 
> it application 
>   *> dependent?
>   *> 
>   *> 5.4.3 Independence of reservation identifier
>   *> 
>   *> A reservation identifier MUST be independent of the flow 
> identifier (flow 
> 
> Actually, only trouble I have with this statement is capitalizing
> MUST.  By its very definition, a reservation identifier is independent
> of the flow identifier (otherwise, we wouldn't call it a reservation
> identifier, we would call it a flow identifier, right?) Since the
> independence is by definition, not de jure, there is no place for MUST
> here -- there is no requirement.  The requirement (should it be agreed
> upon), woudd simply be that the protocol MUST support a reservation
> identifier.
> 
> HINT: The best list of requirements is the shortest list, not the
> longest list.
> 
> Bob Braden
> 
>   *> end-points). Various scenarios in the mobility area require this 
>   *> independence because flows resulting from handoff might 
> have changed 
>   *> end-points etc. but still have the same service 
> requirement. Also several 
>   *> proxy-based signaling methods profit from such as independence.
>   *> 
>   *> 
>   *> --------------------------------------
>   *> Dr. Marcus Brunner
>   *> Network Laboratories
>   *> NEC Europe Ltd.
>   *> 
>   *> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
>   *> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
>   *> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
>   *> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
>   *> 
>   *> 
>   *> _______________________________________________
>   *> nsis mailing list
>   *> nsis@ietf.org
>   *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>   *> 
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> 
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
	dentifier
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  *> 
  *> On the one hand, I think there is (fairly) widespread consensus that an independent reservation identifier is needed to support certain seamless mobility functions. For example, Mike Thomas' draft includes in 1.2.5:

Robert,

"Widespread consensus" does not always mean it's true ;-).  Ten years
ago there were countless papers and publications citing the "widespread
consensus" that TCP could never be made to operate faster than a megabit
per second, since TCP was too "heavyweight" a protocol.  This of course
turned out to be nonsense. 

  *> 
  *> "... this draft makes the wild and perhaps unfounded
  *>    assumption that the ISSLL working group will step up to allowing RSVP
  *>    to use a session identifier in addition to the normal 5-tuple to
  *>    identify a reservation. Given the round trip implications, the author
  *>    cannot see how seamless mobility with RSVP reservations can be
  *>    achieved if this assumption is false."
  *> 
  *> What is unclear is 
  *> (a) whether the improvements over plain resignalling from scratch is worth it

Yes...

  *> (b) especially given that supporting such an identifier is hard.
  *> 

I am puzzled about what is hard about it.  It seems pretty straightforward.
Is there a one or two-sentence explanation of why it is hard?

Bob

  *> But in any case, if the role of this identifier is supporting mobility scenarios, then we already have a requirement for that (5.8.1, "Allow efficient XXX re-establishment after handover"). If a separate identifier is the only way to meet that, we'll get it anyway. Incidentally, if we delete 'efficient' in 5.8.1 the requirement becomes unambiguous and entirely vacuous, since you can always resignal from scratch.
  *> 
  *> In that sense, we don't need 5.4.3....
  *> 
  *> On the other hand, we have (I think) a general goal to develop something that can be used for applications and in scenarios we haven't thought of yet, which leads to certain goals about modularity, clean interfaces with other protocols/functions, and so on. Being able to refer to a reservation independently of the flow identification could come into that category of Good Things (like, for example, structuring things as two layers/levels...). But does that mean we need it in the requirements document? It depends what you want to use the requirements document for (which actually isn't clear to me at the moment).
  *> 
  *> My instinctual preference would be to keep it as a should.
  *> 
  *> Cheers,
  *> 
  *> Robert H.
  *> 
  *> > -----Original Message-----
  *> > From: Bob Braden [mailto:braden@ISI.EDU]
  *> > Sent: 04 November 2002 17:54
  *> > To: nsis@ietf.org; brunner@ccrle.nec.de
  *> > Subject: Re: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of 
  *> > reservation
  *> > identifier
  *> > 
  *> > 
  *> > 
  *> >   *> 
  *> >   *> 
  *> >   *> Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation identifier
  *> >   *> ----------------------------------------------------
  *> >   *> 
  *> >   *> - see thread on NSIS and mobility
  *> >   *> - is the req needed?
  *> >   *> - is it needed for a general NSIS base protocol? Or is 
  *> > it application 
  *> >   *> dependent?
  *> >   *> 
  *> >   *> 5.4.3 Independence of reservation identifier
  *> >   *> 
  *> >   *> A reservation identifier MUST be independent of the flow 
  *> > identifier (flow 
  *> > 
  *> > Actually, only trouble I have with this statement is capitalizing
  *> > MUST.  By its very definition, a reservation identifier is independent
  *> > of the flow identifier (otherwise, we wouldn't call it a reservation
  *> > identifier, we would call it a flow identifier, right?) Since the
  *> > independence is by definition, not de jure, there is no place for MUST
  *> > here -- there is no requirement.  The requirement (should it be agreed
  *> > upon), woudd simply be that the protocol MUST support a reservation
  *> > identifier.
  *> > 
  *> > HINT: The best list of requirements is the shortest list, not the
  *> > longest list.
  *> > 
  *> > Bob Braden
  *> > 
  *> >   *> end-points). Various scenarios in the mobility area require this 
  *> >   *> independence because flows resulting from handoff might 
  *> > have changed 
  *> >   *> end-points etc. but still have the same service 
  *> > requirement. Also several 
  *> >   *> proxy-based signaling methods profit from such as independence.
  *> >   *> 
  *> >   *> 
  *> >   *> --------------------------------------
  *> >   *> Dr. Marcus Brunner
  *> >   *> Network Laboratories
  *> >   *> NEC Europe Ltd.
  *> >   *> 
  *> >   *> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
  *> >   *> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
  *> >   *> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
  *> >   *> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
  *> >   *> 
  *> >   *> 
  *> >   *> _______________________________________________
  *> >   *> nsis mailing list
  *> >   *> nsis@ietf.org
  *> >   *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> >   *> 
  *> > _______________________________________________
  *> > nsis mailing list
  *> > nsis@ietf.org
  *> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> > 
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Hi Melinda, all,

Now all deadlines are passed, some technical responses to your earlier comments. I'm trying to break these up to enable some conversational focus.

['>' = MS]
> 4.2 control primitives seem to assume sender-oriented
>     signaling (para 3).
[NB para 2 in -01.txt]
> 
> 4.3.2 depends entirely on whether sender-oriented or
>     receiver-oriented signaling is used.
> 

Actually, I'm not sure why this impression is given: the basic point is that there is no assumed relationship of NI/NR w.r.t. data sender or receiver. If the NI is at  (or near) the sender, 4.2 and 4.3.2 are describing sender-oriented signallng, but not if it is at the receiver. (Maybe it should be emphasised earlier?)

Of course, there's a group of *much* bigger questions this relates to:
*) Should NSIS concentrate on one (sender/receiver) paradigm or the other?
*) Do the concepts of NI/NR relate to the NTLP or NSLPs? (It was even quite hard to update the draft without knowing this.)
*) Indeed/alternatively, do the message types (4.3.2) expose themselves in the NTLP or NSLPs? For example, do we know already that for all time, all signalling applications will need the NTLP to send messages which 'request' or 'release' etc. things called 'reservations'? Or should we look at a thinner NTLP which just sends messages along the data path with or against the flow direction? (I think it's instructive to look at the evolution of AAA protocols in this respect.)

I don't pretend these are easy questions.

Cheers,

Robert H.

PS: I've tried to summarise some of these issues (and suggest a way forward), in what I hope is a non-partisan, protocol independent i-d, draft-hancock-sender-receiver-00.txt. The main issues seem to be the ones noted above.
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Bob,

>   *> (b) especially given that supporting such an identifier is hard.
>   *> 
> 
> I am puzzled about what is hard about it.  It seems pretty 
> straightforward.
> Is there a one or two-sentence explanation of why it is hard?
> 
> Bob

This is alluded to in the framework draft (5.3.1/5.3.2, also 4.5.2).

The hard point is the security aspect, since so far as I can tell, (in general) any random node in the Internet could pop up and say "I want to modify reservation XXX 'cos it's really mine", and it would be hard to decide whether it wasn't just the real node having moved. All it has to do is get it's signalling message to intersect the existing path for that reservation id. 

(I can also imagine identifier scoping issues needing careful analysis).

There's an interesting proposal in draft-westphal-nsis-qos-mobileip-00.txt, but it requires a fair amount of public-key-like activity per message. By 'hard' I mean 'not impossible, but not easy'. It may be that a sufficiently careful threat analysis would prove the security problems were illusory, but no-one has done that yet. 

Cheers,

Robert

PS I'm aware that widespread consensus !==> truth. However, I'm working on the assumption that we can proceed on the basis of consensus rather than proven truth, else progress is liable to be slow ;-).
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Hi,

> my observation is that replay protection should be classified 
> as a MUST. i
> am not aware of a protocol which suggests to classify it as a should.
> furthermore replay protection is stronly related to 
> authentication. if you
> have no guarantee of freshness then proper authentication is 
> also hard to achieve.

Agree.  Additionally, mechanisms to provide replay protection usually
are not too heavy to engineer.

John
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
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Hi Hannes,

> i would agree to a stronger requirement for confidentiality 
> protection of signaling messages.
> 
> how about:
> 
> "NSIS signaling messages MUST be confidentiality protected 
> between NSIS nodes."

Slight tweak:

 "NSIS signaling messages MUST be possible to be confidentiality 
                                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 protected between NSIS nodes."

John
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages 
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Melinda,

> It's also very common for protocols to require encryption
> without saying much, if anything, about keying, and keying
> is where things go to heck in a handbasket very, very
> quickly.  If we're going to require that NSIS entities in
> two different domains are going to be able to establish a
> security association between them, we need to think long and
> hard about where the keys are going to come from.

So, what would you suggest, as text?

I think support for confidentiality is at least a SHOULD, if not
a MUST.  Additionally requirement could be that key distribution
needs to be documented by any solution using encryption.

John
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation identifier
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Hi Bob,

> Actually, only trouble I have with this statement is capitalizing
> MUST.  By its very definition, a reservation identifier is independent
> of the flow identifier (otherwise, we wouldn't call it a reservation
> identifier, we would call it a flow identifier, right?) Since the
> independence is by definition, not de jure, there is no place for MUST
> here -- there is no requirement.  The requirement (should it be agreed
> upon), woudd simply be that the protocol MUST support a reservation
> identifier.
> 
> HINT: The best list of requirements is the shortest list, not the
> longest list.

I think I agree.  It actually also sounds very much like a protocol
specific issue.  Is the issue really that we would like to have seperation
between a reservation & a flow?  Perhaps this is one requirement we
can drop.

John
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling 
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Hannes,

I agree with Bob that encryption of signaling messages 
is an option, not a requirement. A security mechanism 
I'd like to see is a digest added to a message. That's 
message integrity, I assume as non security expert, 
and therefore another thread.

Regards, Rüdiger  

> i would agree to a stronger requirement for confidentiality 
> protection of signaling messages.
> 
> how about:
> 
> "NSIS signaling messages MUST be confidentiality protected 
> between NSIS nodes."


> > Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
> > ---------------------------------------------------
> >
> > Proposal to change Req 5.7.8
> > "The NSIS protocol MUST allow encryption of NSIS messages 
> between NSIS
> > nodes."
> >
> > Currently it says
> >
> > 5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages
> >
> > Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes
> > participating in the signaling protocol an adversary may
> > learn both the identities and the content of the signaling
> > messages. To prevent this from happening,
> > confidentiality of the signaling message in a hop-by-hop 
> > manner MAY be provided. Note that the protection can be
> > provided on a hop-by-hop basis for most message payloads
> > since it is required that entities which actively
> > participating in the signaling protocol must be able to
> > read and eventually
> > modify the content of the signaling messages."
 
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Reply-To: <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: <john.loughney@nokia.com>, <mshore@cisco.com>, <braden@ISI.EDU>
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages 
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hi

i can agree to a requirement which leads people to think about key
management.

ciao
hannes


> -----Original Message-----
> From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> john.loughney@nokia.com
> Sent: Tuesday, November 05, 2002 7:56 AM
> To: mshore@cisco.com; braden@ISI.EDU
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of
> signaling messages
>
>
> Melinda,
>
> > It's also very common for protocols to require encryption
> > without saying much, if anything, about keying, and keying
> > is where things go to heck in a handbasket very, very
> > quickly.  If we're going to require that NSIS entities in
> > two different domains are going to be able to establish a
> > security association between them, we need to think long and
> > hard about where the keys are going to come from.
>
> So, what would you suggest, as text?
>
> I think support for confidentiality is at least a SHOULD, if not
> a MUST.  Additionally requirement could be that key distribution
> needs to be documented by any solution using encryption.
>
> John
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>

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Reply-To: <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Melinda Shore" <mshore@cisco.com>, "Bob Braden" <braden@ISI.EDU>
Cc: <nsis@ietf.org>
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hi melinda!

i agree with you that the key management should be addressed. the question
where the keys come from is independent from integrity or confidentiality
protection. if signaling messages are not protected then there are obviously
some threats. protecting inter-domain signaling messages is also important.
i wouldn't like to make QoS reservations (or installing packet filters at my
firewall) only because of unauthenticated and unprotected signaling message.
the message could basically come from any place in the world.

ciao
hannes

>
> > Whoa!!! Strong encryption has a cost, and it is by no means clear that
> > very many users of your protocol are going to want or need to pay that
> > cost in order to protect confidentiality of signaling.  Your version
> > shifts from a requirement for support, which was reasonable, to
> > a requirement for implementation and use, which is out of bounds.
>
> It's also very common for protocols to require encryption
> without saying much, if anything, about keying, and keying
> is where things go to heck in a handbasket very, very
> quickly.  If we're going to require that NSIS entities in
> two different domains are going to be able to establish a
> security association between them, we need to think long and
> hard about where the keys are going to come from.
>
> Melinda
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>

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hi

i guess that there is no doubt that a signaling protocol like NSIS must at
least offer peer-to-peer protection. it was often mentioned that more than
peer-to-peer protection might also be required. should there be a
requirement which states something similar?

ciao
hannes

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From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
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hi ruediger.

>
> Hannes,
>
> I agree with Bob that encryption of signaling messages
> is an option, not a requirement.

what i would like to prevent is that a requirement for encryption is so
fuzzy that actually nobody applies it their protocol proposals. adding
confidentiality protection later to a protocol is often quite difficult.
protocol designers should consider it during the initial design.  an area
where is see a need for confidentiality protection is communication of
policy rules (midcom). providing protection against traffic analysis is also
a good goal to achieve looking at the increasing importance of privacy
issues.

> A security mechanism
> I'd like to see is a digest added to a message.
> That's
> message integrity, I assume as non security expert,
> and therefore another thread.
yes, keyed message digest.

ciao
hannes

>
> Regards, Rüdiger
>
> > i would agree to a stronger requirement for confidentiality
> > protection of signaling messages.
> >
> > how about:
> >
> > "NSIS signaling messages MUST be confidentiality protected
> > between NSIS nodes."
>
>
> > > Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
> > > ---------------------------------------------------
> > >
> > > Proposal to change Req 5.7.8
> > > "The NSIS protocol MUST allow encryption of NSIS messages
> > between NSIS
> > > nodes."
> > >
> > > Currently it says
> > >
> > > 5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages
> > >
> > > Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes
> > > participating in the signaling protocol an adversary may
> > > learn both the identities and the content of the signaling
> > > messages. To prevent this from happening,
> > > confidentiality of the signaling message in a hop-by-hop
> > > manner MAY be provided. Note that the protection can be
> > > provided on a hop-by-hop basis for most message payloads
> > > since it is required that entities which actively
> > > participating in the signaling protocol must be able to
> > > read and eventually
> > > modify the content of the signaling messages."
>

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hi john.

i am not sure that this question is "only" a protocol specific issue. to me
it sounds more like a fundamental  design decision: do we want mobility
support or not.

ciao
hannes

> Hi Bob,
>
> > Actually, only trouble I have with this statement is capitalizing
> > MUST.  By its very definition, a reservation identifier is independent
> > of the flow identifier (otherwise, we wouldn't call it a reservation
> > identifier, we would call it a flow identifier, right?) Since the
> > independence is by definition, not de jure, there is no place for MUST
> > here -- there is no requirement.  The requirement (should it be agreed
> > upon), woudd simply be that the protocol MUST support a reservation
> > identifier.
> >
> > HINT: The best list of requirements is the shortest list, not the
> > longest list.
>
> I think I agree.  It actually also sounds very much like a protocol
> specific issue.  Is the issue really that we would like to have seperation
> between a reservation & a flow?  Perhaps this is one requirement we
> can drop.
>
> John

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To: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>,
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hi robert.

i guess we can say that we looked at the security issues of the
reservation/session identifier. this issue was mentioned already long time
ago and is included in the nsis requirements doc and in the nsis threats
document. since i never got any comment to it i would ask people to tell me
their opinion.

ciao
hannes


>
> Bob,
>
> >   *> (b) especially given that supporting such an identifier is hard.
> >   *>
> >
> > I am puzzled about what is hard about it.  It seems pretty
> > straightforward.
> > Is there a one or two-sentence explanation of why it is hard?
> >
> > Bob
>
> This is alluded to in the framework draft (5.3.1/5.3.2, also 4.5.2).
>
> The hard point is the security aspect, since so far as I can
> tell, (in general) any random node in the Internet could pop up
> and say "I want to modify reservation XXX 'cos it's really mine",
> and it would be hard to decide whether it wasn't just the real
> node having moved. All it has to do is get it's signalling
> message to intersect the existing path for that reservation id.
>
> (I can also imagine identifier scoping issues needing careful analysis).
>
> There's an interesting proposal in
> draft-westphal-nsis-qos-mobileip-00.txt, but it requires a fair
> amount of public-key-like activity per message. By 'hard' I mean
> 'not impossible, but not easy'. It may be that a sufficiently
> careful threat analysis would prove the security problems were
> illusory, but no-one has done that yet.
>
> Cheers,
>
> Robert
>
> PS I'm aware that widespread consensus !==> truth. However, I'm
> working on the assumption that we can proceed on the basis of
> consensus rather than proven truth, else progress is liable to be
> slow ;-).
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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
To: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling 
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Hi all,

I think there is a general point about several of these requirements, in that at this stage we could be saying (e.g. for a MUST)
*) mandatory to SPECIFY in the protocol definition, or
*) mandatory to IMPLEMENT in an implementation of it, or
*) mandatory to USE in a deployment of an implementation

Is it useful to draw this distinction more formally somehow? Or is everything clearly only SPECIFY at this stage (and the rest depends on what the protocol ends up being?)

robert h.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Geib, Ruediger [mailto:Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com]
> Sent: 05 November 2002 08:14
> To: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of
> signaling messages
> 
> 
> Hannes,
> 
> I agree with Bob that encryption of signaling messages 
> is an option, not a requirement. A security mechanism 
> I'd like to see is a digest added to a message. That's 
> message integrity, I assume as non security expert, 
> and therefore another thread.
> 
> Regards, Rüdiger  
> 
> > i would agree to a stronger requirement for confidentiality 
> > protection of signaling messages.
> > 
> > how about:
> > 
> > "NSIS signaling messages MUST be confidentiality protected 
> > between NSIS nodes."
> 
> 
> > > Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
> > > ---------------------------------------------------
> > >
> > > Proposal to change Req 5.7.8
> > > "The NSIS protocol MUST allow encryption of NSIS messages 
> > between NSIS
> > > nodes."
> > >
> > > Currently it says
> > >
> > > 5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages
> > >
> > > Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes
> > > participating in the signaling protocol an adversary may
> > > learn both the identities and the content of the signaling
> > > messages. To prevent this from happening,
> > > confidentiality of the signaling message in a hop-by-hop 
> > > manner MAY be provided. Note that the protection can be
> > > provided on a hop-by-hop basis for most message payloads
> > > since it is required that entities which actively
> > > participating in the signaling protocol must be able to
> > > read and eventually
> > > modify the content of the signaling messages."
>  
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> 
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To: john.loughney@nokia.com
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Hi John,

I'd like to to keep a reservation ID as a requirement and 
I prefer to look at it as a "must" (no capitals). Two 
issues: it may save signaling load if you refresh by using 
reservation IDs instead of flow IDs. That may be 
intersting on wireless interfaces, but not only there. 
The other argument I see is aggregation. I'm aware of 
RFC 3175 and I regard the aggregation 
mechanism designed there as smart but non trivial. A 
reservation ID may be useful in this context.

I've twice used "may" here. It would be great if could 
decide on the strength of requirement (must, should, may) 
after we checked some real world designs and a proof of 
concept.

Regards, Rüdiger


> > Bob Bradeb wrote:
> > Actually, only trouble I have with this statement is capitalizing
> > MUST.  By its very definition, a reservation identifier is 
> > independent of the flow identifier (otherwise, we wouldn't call 
> > it a reservation identifier, we would call it a flow identifier, 
> > right?) Since the independence is by definition, not de jure, 
> > there is no place for MUST here -- there is no requirement.  
> > The requirement (should it be agreed
> > upon), would simply be that the protocol MUST support a reservation
> > identifier.
> > 
> > HINT: The best list of requirements is the shortest list, not the
> > longest list.

> John Loughney wrote:
> I think I agree.  It actually also sounds very much like a protocol
> specific issue.  Is the issue really that we would like to 
> have seperation between a reservation & a flow?  Perhaps this is 
> one requirement we can drop.
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To: robert.hancock@roke.co.uk
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Robert,

> The hard point is the security aspect, since so far as I can 
> tell, (in general) any random node in the Internet could pop 
> up and say "I want to modify reservation XXX 'cos it's really 
> mine", and it would be hard to decide whether it wasn't just 
> the real node having moved. All it has to do is get it's 
> signalling message to intersect the existing path for that 
> reservation id. 

Do you want to say that flow Id's provide better security?

Regards, Rüdiger
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From: "Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'brunner@ccrle.nec.de'" <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 1: Local Information Exchange
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Hi Marcus

I agree with the modifications on the Local Information 
Exchange sections.

Best Regards,
Georgios

-----Original Message-----
From: Marcus Brunner [mailto:brunner@ccrle.nec.de]
Sent: vrijdag 1 november 2002 23:32
To: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 1: Local Information Exchange



Req-Draft: Open Issue 1: Local Information Exchange
------------------------------------------

We have 2 requirements 5.3.5 and 5.4.2 about this.
What is required

a) add domain local information to NSIS protocol messages

and/or

b) allow to use NSIS messges for domain internal communication, e.g., 
coordination between several NSIS forwarders

-05 text of the two reqs

5.3.5 Local information exchange

The signaling protocol MUST be able to exchange local information between 
NSIS Forwarders located within one single administrative domain. Local 
information might, for example, be IP addresses, severe congestion 
notification, notification of successful or erroneous processing of 
signaling messages.

In some cases, the NSIS signaling protocol MAY carry identification of the 
NSIS Forwarders located at the boundaries of a domain. However, the 
identification of edge should not be visible to the end host (NSIS 
Initiator) and only applies within one administrative domain.

5.4.2 Possibility to add and remove local domain information

It SHOULD be possible for the Resource Management Function to add and 
remove local scope elements. E.g., at the entrance to a domain 
domain-specific information is added, which is used in this domain only, 
and the information is removed again when a signaling message leaves the 
domain. The motivation is in the economy of re-use the protocol for domain 
internal signaling of various information pieces. Where additional 
information is needed within a particular domain, it should be possible to 
carry this at the same time as the end-to-end information.


--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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yes, after a fashion.

see e.g. http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/nsis/current/msg01993.html

it's not cryptographic security, of course.

robert h.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Geib, Ruediger [mailto:Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com]
> Sent: 05 November 2002 08:51
> To: Hancock, Robert
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of 
> reservation
> i dentifier
> 
> 
> Robert,
> 
> > The hard point is the security aspect, since so far as I can 
> > tell, (in general) any random node in the Internet could pop 
> > up and say "I want to modify reservation XXX 'cos it's really 
> > mine", and it would be hard to decide whether it wasn't just 
> > the real node having moved. All it has to do is get it's 
> > signalling message to intersect the existing path for that 
> > reservation id. 
> 
> Do you want to say that flow Id's provide better security?
> 
> Regards, Rüdiger
> 
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From: "Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>
To: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling 
	messages
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Hello Hannes,

you seem to raise an archcitectural aspect. I agree, 
Midcom signaling may require encryption. QoS 
signaling may do well with integrity protection. 
Would you agree that certain "upper level signaling 
protocols" may have to be encrypted while others 
don't have to be? Or is it already the CSTP level 
which must be encrypted?

Regards, Rüdiger

> > Rüdiger wrote:
> > I agree with Bob that encryption of signaling messages
> > is an option, not a requirement.
 
> Hannes wrote
> what i would like to prevent is that a requirement for 
> encryption is so fuzzy that actually nobody applies it 
> their protocol proposals. adding confidentiality 
> protection later to a protocol is often quite 
> difficult.
> protocol designers should consider it during the initial 
> design.  an area where is see a need for confidentiality
> protection is communication of policy rules (midcom). 
> providing protection against traffic  analysis is also
> a good goal to achieve looking at the increasing importance
> of privacy issues.
 
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From: "Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
To: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling 
	messages
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Hi 

Hannes sorry, but I think that I agree with Bob on this!

Best Regards,
Georgios

-----Original Message-----
From: Bob Braden [mailto:braden@ISI.EDU]
Sent: maandag 4 november 2002 18:26
To: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of
signaling messages



  *> 
  *> hi marcus
  *> 
  *> i would agree to a stronger requirement for confidentiality protection of
  *> signaling messages.
  *> 
  *> how about:
  *> 
  *> "NSIS signaling messages MUST be confidentiality protected between NSIS
  *> nodes."
  *> 
  *> ciao
  *> hannes
  *> 
  *> 

Whoa!!! Strong encryption has a cost, and it is by no means clear that
very many users of your protocol are going to want or need to pay that
cost in order to protect confidentiality of signaling.  Your version
shifts from a requirement for support, which was reasonable, to
a requirement for implementation and use, which is out of bounds.

Bob Braden


  *> > -----Original Message-----
  *> > From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
  *> > Marcus Brunner
  *> > Sent: Friday, November 01, 2002 11:35 PM
  *> > To: nsis@ietf.org
  *> > Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling
  *> > messages
  *> >
  *> >
  *> >
  *> > Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
  *> > ---------------------------------------------------
  *> >
  *> > Proposal to change Req 5.7.8
  *> > "The NSIS protocol MUST allow encryption of NSIS messages between NSIS
  *> > nodes."
  *> >
  *> > Currently it says
  *> >
  *> > 5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages
  *> >
  *> > Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes
  *> > participating in
  *> > the signaling protocol an adversary may learn both the identities and the
  *> > content of the signaling messages. To prevent this from happening,
  *> > confidentiality of the signaling message in a hop-by-hop manner MAY be
  *> > provided. Note that the protection can be provided on a hop-by-hop basis
  *> > for most message payloads since it is required that entities
  *> > which actively
  *> > participating in the signaling protocol must be able to read and
  *> > eventually
  *> > modify the content of the signaling messages."
  *> >
  *> > --------------------------------------
  *> > Dr. Marcus Brunner
  *> > Network Laboratories
  *> > NEC Europe Ltd.
  *> >
  *> > E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
  *> > WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
  *> > Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
  *> > personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
  *> >
  *> >
  *> > _______________________________________________
  *> > nsis mailing list
  *> > nsis@ietf.org
  *> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> 
  *> _______________________________________________
  *> nsis mailing list
  *> nsis@ietf.org
  *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> 


----- End Included Message -----

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To: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
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Subject: link to req-05 (was RE: [NSIS] updated req draft -05 submitted)
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http://www.brubers.org/marcus/papers/draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt

Marcus

--On Montag, 4. November 2002 19:20 +0000 "Hancock, Robert" 
<robert.hancock@roke.co.uk> wrote:

> marcus,
>
> can you post a link? it'll be hard to discuss the details otherwise over
> the next few days.
>
> (i can put it up somewhere if it's hard for you.)
>
> cheers,
>
> robert
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Marcus Brunner [mailto:brunner@ccrle.nec.de]
>> Sent: 01 November 2002 22:04
>> To: nsis@ietf.org
>> Subject: [NSIS] updated req draft -05 submitted
>>
>>
>> I have submitted the next revision of the reqirements draft.
>>
>> Here is the change log
>> Changes 04 -> 05
>>
>> 1) removed  QoS specifics as far as possible, still used as
>> examples at
>> several places.
>>
>> 2) Removed text from Section 1-3.
>>
>> 3) Changes exclusion 11 on  "Handoff decision and trigger
>> sources" into:
>>
>>    11. Handoff decision and trigger sources: An NSIS protocol
>> is not used
>> to trigger handoffs in mobile IP, nor is it used to decide whether to
>> handoff or not. As soon as or in some situation even before a handoff
>> happened, an NSIS protocol might be used for signaling for
>> QoS again. The
>> basic underlying assumption is that the route comes first
>> (defining the
>> path) and the signaling comes after it (following the path).
>> This doesn't
>> prevent a signaling application at some node interacting with
>> something
>> that modifies the path, but the requirement is then just for
>> NSIS to live
>> with that possibility. However, NSIS must interwork with
>> several protocols
>> for mobility management.
>>
>> 4) change in section 5
>> From:
>> "All of them are not strictly defined and should not be
>> regarded as that,
>> but should give a feeling about where in the network we have
>> different
>> requirements concerning signaling."
>>
>> To:
>> "These divisions between network types are not strict and do
>> not appear in
>> all networks, but where they do exist they may influence signaling
>> requirements and will be highlighted as necessary."
>>
>> 5) change req 5.2.3
>>
>> SHOULD in 2nd paragraph changed to lower-case
>>
>> 6) changed title of 5.3 into "Messaging"
>>
>> 7) req 5.3.3 changed
>> From:
>> SHOULD be able to notify
>>
>> To:
>> SHOULD notify
>>
>> 8) change req 5.3.4
>>
>> Second MAY is now lowercase
>>
>> 9) req 5.6.3
>> changed sender -> NSIS Initiator,
>> receiver into NSIS Responder
>>
>> 10) created separate req section with the NF initiation req.
>> Keeps the same
>> text
>>
>> 11) removed last sentence of req 5.7.4
>>
>> 12) changed req 5.9.2
>>
>> From:
>>
>> "The solution MUST NOT constrain either to IPv4 or IPv6"
>>
>> To:
>>
>> "The NSIS protocol MUST support IPv4 and IPv6."
>>
>> 13) change req 5.9.4 "SHOULD provide hooks for AAA protocols"
>>
>> From:
>>
>> The security mechanism SHOULD be developed with respect to be able to
>> collect usage records from one or more network elements.
>>
>> To:
>>
>> The NSIS SHOULD be developed with respect to be able to collect usage
>> records from one or more network elements.
>>
>> 14) remove text from req 5.9.5
>>
>> New it says: "An NSIS protocol SHOULD interwork with seamless handoff
>> protocols such as context transfer and candidate access router (CAR)
>> discovery."
>>
>> 15) Change requirement 5.10.3
>>
>> From:
>> "NSIS peers SHOULD be able to detect the malfunctioning peer.
>> It may notify
>> the NSIS Initiator or another NSIS entity involved in the signaling
>> process. The NSIS peer may handle the problem itself e.g.
>> switching to a
>> backup NSIS entity. In the latter case note that
>> synchronization of state
>> between the primary and the backup entity is needed."
>>
>> To:
>>
>> "NSIS peers SHOULD be able to detect the malfunctioning peer.
>> It SHOULD
>> notify the NSIS Initiator or another NSIS entity involved in
>> the signaling
>> process. The NSIS peer may handle the problem itself e.g.
>> switching to a
>> backup NSIS entity. "
>>
>> 16) Section 6: changed "threads" should be "threats"
>>
>> --------------------------------------
>> Dr. Marcus Brunner
>> Network Laboratories
>> NEC Europe Ltd.
>>
>> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
>> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
>> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
>> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> nsis mailing list
>> nsis@ietf.org
>> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>>



--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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From: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
Reply-To: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
To: Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Comments on requirements draft
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Thanks for clarification. In the req draft we currently have a reference to 
the Security Threats "NSIS Threats" draft.

MArcus

--On Montag, 4. November 2002 16:41 +0000 Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU> wrote:

>   *>
>   *> >References need to be split into normative and informative
>   *>
>   *> there are no non-normative references
>
> Marcus,
>
> Actually, this normative business is a little confusing for everybody.
> From the viewpoint of the RFC Editor, the normative attribute is really
> relevant only on standards track documents (or BCPs, which are
> quasi-standards).  Since this is a requirements draft that will not be
> a standard of any kind, some believe that NONE of its references need
> be normative.
>
> The practical consequence of a normative reference is that it may hold
> up publication if the referenced document has not itself been
> published.  Mutual normative references force a group of RFCs to be
> published simultaneously, often holding them all up because due to a
> minor glitch in one of them.  If the referenced documet is already
> published, making a normative reference to it has no practical
> consequences.
>
> Bob Braden



--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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From: "Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'Hancock, Robert'" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
	 dentifier
Date: Tue, 5 Nov 2002 12:09:40 +0100 
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Hi Robert

There might be other situations than supporting mobility scenarios,
where you might need independence of the reservation identifier.
For example, think about SCTP which supports multiple source and
destination addresses, i.e., the SCTP Multi-Homing Feature (see 
ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3286.txt)

Best Regards,
Georgios

-----Original Message-----
From: Hancock, Robert [mailto:robert.hancock@roke.co.uk]
Sent: maandag 4 november 2002 20:21
To: Bob Braden; nsis@ietf.org; brunner@ccrle.nec.de
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation
i dentifier


hi all,

I confess being somewhat in a dilemma about this one. Please excuse the following somewhat discursive email.

On the one hand, I think there is (fairly) widespread consensus that an independent reservation identifier is needed to support certain seamless mobility functions. For example, Mike Thomas' draft includes in 1.2.5:

"... this draft makes the wild and perhaps unfounded
   assumption that the ISSLL working group will step up to allowing RSVP
   to use a session identifier in addition to the normal 5-tuple to
   identify a reservation. Given the round trip implications, the author
   cannot see how seamless mobility with RSVP reservations can be
   achieved if this assumption is false."

What is unclear is 
(a) whether the improvements over plain resignalling from scratch is worth it
(b) especially given that supporting such an identifier is hard.

But in any case, if the role of this identifier is supporting mobility scenarios, then we already have a requirement for that (5.8.1, "Allow efficient XXX re-establishment after handover"). If a separate identifier is the only way to meet that, we'll get it anyway. Incidentally, if we delete 'efficient' in 5.8.1 the requirement becomes unambiguous and entirely vacuous, since you can always resignal from scratch.

In that sense, we don't need 5.4.3....

On the other hand, we have (I think) a general goal to develop something that can be used for applications and in scenarios we haven't thought of yet, which leads to certain goals about modularity, clean interfaces with other protocols/functions, and so on. Being able to refer to a reservation independently of the flow identification could come into that category of Good Things (like, for example, structuring things as two layers/levels...). But does that mean we need it in the requirements document? It depends what you want to use the requirements document for (which actually isn't clear to me at the moment).

My instinctual preference would be to keep it as a should.

Cheers,

Robert H.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bob Braden [mailto:braden@ISI.EDU]
> Sent: 04 November 2002 17:54
> To: nsis@ietf.org; brunner@ccrle.nec.de
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of 
> reservation
> identifier
> 
> 
> 
>   *> 
>   *> 
>   *> Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation identifier
>   *> ----------------------------------------------------
>   *> 
>   *> - see thread on NSIS and mobility
>   *> - is the req needed?
>   *> - is it needed for a general NSIS base protocol? Or is 
> it application 
>   *> dependent?
>   *> 
>   *> 5.4.3 Independence of reservation identifier
>   *> 
>   *> A reservation identifier MUST be independent of the flow 
> identifier (flow 
> 
> Actually, only trouble I have with this statement is capitalizing
> MUST.  By its very definition, a reservation identifier is independent
> of the flow identifier (otherwise, we wouldn't call it a reservation
> identifier, we would call it a flow identifier, right?) Since the
> independence is by definition, not de jure, there is no place for MUST
> here -- there is no requirement.  The requirement (should it be agreed
> upon), woudd simply be that the protocol MUST support a reservation
> identifier.
> 
> HINT: The best list of requirements is the shortest list, not the
> longest list.
> 
> Bob Braden
> 
>   *> end-points). Various scenarios in the mobility area require this 
>   *> independence because flows resulting from handoff might 
> have changed 
>   *> end-points etc. but still have the same service 
> requirement. Also several 
>   *> proxy-based signaling methods profit from such as independence.
>   *> 
>   *> 
>   *> --------------------------------------
>   *> Dr. Marcus Brunner
>   *> Network Laboratories
>   *> NEC Europe Ltd.
>   *> 
>   *> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
>   *> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
>   *> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
>   *> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
>   *> 
>   *> 
>   *> _______________________________________________
>   *> nsis mailing list
>   *> nsis@ietf.org
>   *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>   *> 
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> 
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From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>
Cc: <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
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hi ruediger!

>
> Hello Hannes,
>
> you seem to raise an archcitectural aspect. I agree,
> Midcom signaling may require encryption. QoS
> signaling may do well with integrity protection.
> Would you agree that certain "upper level signaling
> protocols" may have to be encrypted while others
> don't have to be?
no. i would generally like to see encryption because it adds security. the
policy rules for midcom was only one example. to prevent traffic analysis
and eavesdropping confidentiality protection might also be useful for qos
signaling. in the future other application protocols might be added. they
also might require encryption. if confidentiality protection is considered
during the protocol design phase then it is later only the signaling message
initiators choice to select it. it is true that in some environments (for
example dial-up links) it might not be required. if confidentiality
protection is not considered at all then i argue that it is hard to add.

> Or is it already the CSTP level
> which must be encrypted?
it always depends what information you deliver at each each level/layer. the
seperation between these layers is only at a document level/logical and not
physical!?
providing different security mechanisms at different layers is more
difficult.

ciao
hannes

>
> Regards, Rüdiger
>
> > > Rüdiger wrote:
> > > I agree with Bob that encryption of signaling messages
> > > is an option, not a requirement.
>
> > Hannes wrote
> > what i would like to prevent is that a requirement for
> > encryption is so fuzzy that actually nobody applies it
> > their protocol proposals. adding confidentiality
> > protection later to a protocol is often quite
> > difficult.
> > protocol designers should consider it during the initial
> > design.  an area where is see a need for confidentiality
> > protection is communication of policy rules (midcom).
> > providing protection against traffic  analysis is also
> > a good goal to achieve looking at the increasing importance
> > of privacy issues.
>

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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
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hi georgios

i know your point of view. key management is also unfortunately associated
with cost. do we skip it only because it is difficult or expensive? maybe we
can agree on something like:
- in some enviroment confidentiality protection might not be required.
- "NSIS signaling messages MUST be possible to be confidentiality protected
between NSIS nodes."
(like john proposed)

ciao
hannes


> -----Original Message-----
> From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)
> Sent: Tuesday, November 05, 2002 11:07 AM
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of
> signaling messages
>
>
> Hi
>
> Hannes sorry, but I think that I agree with Bob on this!
>
> Best Regards,
> Georgios
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bob Braden [mailto:braden@ISI.EDU]
> Sent: maandag 4 november 2002 18:26
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of
> signaling messages
>
>
>
>   *>
>   *> hi marcus
>   *>
>   *> i would agree to a stronger requirement for confidentiality
> protection of
>   *> signaling messages.
>   *>
>   *> how about:
>   *>
>   *> "NSIS signaling messages MUST be confidentiality protected
> between NSIS
>   *> nodes."
>   *>
>   *> ciao
>   *> hannes
>   *>
>   *>
>
> Whoa!!! Strong encryption has a cost, and it is by no means clear that
> very many users of your protocol are going to want or need to pay that
> cost in order to protect confidentiality of signaling.  Your version
> shifts from a requirement for support, which was reasonable, to
> a requirement for implementation and use, which is out of bounds.
>
> Bob Braden
>
>
>   *> > -----Original Message-----
>   *> > From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
>   *> > Marcus Brunner
>   *> > Sent: Friday, November 01, 2002 11:35 PM
>   *> > To: nsis@ietf.org
>   *> > Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality
> of signaling
>   *> > messages
>   *> >
>   *> >
>   *> >
>   *> > Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
>   *> > ---------------------------------------------------
>   *> >
>   *> > Proposal to change Req 5.7.8
>   *> > "The NSIS protocol MUST allow encryption of NSIS messages
> between NSIS
>   *> > nodes."
>   *> >
>   *> > Currently it says
>   *> >
>   *> > 5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages
>   *> >
>   *> > Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes
>   *> > participating in
>   *> > the signaling protocol an adversary may learn both the
> identities and the
>   *> > content of the signaling messages. To prevent this from happening,
>   *> > confidentiality of the signaling message in a hop-by-hop
> manner MAY be
>   *> > provided. Note that the protection can be provided on a
> hop-by-hop basis
>   *> > for most message payloads since it is required that entities
>   *> > which actively
>   *> > participating in the signaling protocol must be able to read and
>   *> > eventually
>   *> > modify the content of the signaling messages."
>   *> >
>   *> > --------------------------------------
>   *> > Dr. Marcus Brunner
>   *> > Network Laboratories
>   *> > NEC Europe Ltd.
>   *> >
>   *> > E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
>   *> > WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
>   *> > Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
>   *> > personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
>   *> >
>   *> >
>   *> > _______________________________________________
>   *> > nsis mailing list
>   *> > nsis@ietf.org
>   *> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>   *>
>   *> _______________________________________________
>   *> nsis mailing list
>   *> nsis@ietf.org
>   *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>   *>
>
>
> ----- End Included Message -----
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.


	Title		: Analysis of Existing QoS Solutions
	Author(s)	: H. De Meer et al.
	Filename	: draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-03.txt
	Pages		: 29
	Date		: 2002-11-4
	
This memo provides a brief analysis of existing IP quality of service
(QoS) solutions and the implied signalling issues. This analysis is
intended to point out open issues in QoS signalling.  Moreover, this
analysis is done in order to understand whether the strict QoS
requirements imposed by future fixed and mobile applications are
satisfied by the existing IP QoS solutions.  The existing IP QoS
solutions can be categorized as follows:
* End-to-end per-flow resource reservation protocols
* Integrated Services over Differentiated Services
* Statically assigned trunk reservations based on
Differentiated Services
* Dynamic trunk reservations with Aggregated RSVP

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Nov  5 07:01:17 2002
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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
To: "'Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)'" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
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hi Georgios,

Nice example (also comes up in the v6 flow label draft). Rudi has mentioned reservation bundling/aggregation. I am sure there are others (as well as mobility of course).

So that would come into my second category of motivation (see "on the other hand" below): we see several examples of how it can be useful to refer to a reservation independently of the specific flow it is associated with; therefore, it should (SHOULD? MUST? may) be a basic protocol capability (in that it will support applications we haven't even thought of yet).

On the *other* other hand, how much is there a danger of this being a clever feature whose main role is as a source of arguments unless its use is really carefully defined at the outset? (For comparison, I'll just mention 'site local addresses'...)

Cheers,

Robert H.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)
> [mailto:Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se]
> Sent: 05 November 2002 11:10
> To: Hancock, Robert
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of 
> reservation
> i dentifier
> 
> 
> Hi Robert
> 
> There might be other situations than supporting mobility scenarios,
> where you might need independence of the reservation identifier.
> For example, think about SCTP which supports multiple source and
> destination addresses, i.e., the SCTP Multi-Homing Feature (see 
> ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3286.txt)
> 
> Best Regards,
> Georgios
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hancock, Robert [mailto:robert.hancock@roke.co.uk]
> Sent: maandag 4 november 2002 20:21
> To: Bob Braden; nsis@ietf.org; brunner@ccrle.nec.de
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of 
> reservation
> i dentifier
> 
> 
> hi all,
> 
> I confess being somewhat in a dilemma about this one. Please 
> excuse the following somewhat discursive email.
> 
> On the one hand, I think there is (fairly) widespread 
> consensus that an independent reservation identifier is 
> needed to support certain seamless mobility functions. For 
> example, Mike Thomas' draft includes in 1.2.5:
> 
> "... this draft makes the wild and perhaps unfounded
>    assumption that the ISSLL working group will step up to 
> allowing RSVP
>    to use a session identifier in addition to the normal 5-tuple to
>    identify a reservation. Given the round trip implications, 
> the author
>    cannot see how seamless mobility with RSVP reservations can be
>    achieved if this assumption is false."
> 
> What is unclear is 
> (a) whether the improvements over plain resignalling from 
> scratch is worth it
> (b) especially given that supporting such an identifier is hard.
> 
> But in any case, if the role of this identifier is supporting 
> mobility scenarios, then we already have a requirement for 
> that (5.8.1, "Allow efficient XXX re-establishment after 
> handover"). If a separate identifier is the only way to meet 
> that, we'll get it anyway. Incidentally, if we delete 
> 'efficient' in 5.8.1 the requirement becomes unambiguous and 
> entirely vacuous, since you can always resignal from scratch.
> 
> In that sense, we don't need 5.4.3....
> 
> On the other hand, we have (I think) a general goal to 
> develop something that can be used for applications and in 
> scenarios we haven't thought of yet, which leads to certain 
> goals about modularity, clean interfaces with other 
> protocols/functions, and so on. Being able to refer to a 
> reservation independently of the flow identification could 
> come into that category of Good Things (like, for example, 
> structuring things as two layers/levels...). But does that 
> mean we need it in the requirements document? It depends what 
> you want to use the requirements document for (which actually 
> isn't clear to me at the moment).
> 
> My instinctual preference would be to keep it as a should.
> 
> Cheers,
> 
> Robert H.
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Bob Braden [mailto:braden@ISI.EDU]
> > Sent: 04 November 2002 17:54
> > To: nsis@ietf.org; brunner@ccrle.nec.de
> > Subject: Re: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of 
> > reservation
> > identifier
> > 
> > 
> > 
> >   *> 
> >   *> 
> >   *> Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation identifier
> >   *> ----------------------------------------------------
> >   *> 
> >   *> - see thread on NSIS and mobility
> >   *> - is the req needed?
> >   *> - is it needed for a general NSIS base protocol? Or is 
> > it application 
> >   *> dependent?
> >   *> 
> >   *> 5.4.3 Independence of reservation identifier
> >   *> 
> >   *> A reservation identifier MUST be independent of the flow 
> > identifier (flow 
> > 
> > Actually, only trouble I have with this statement is capitalizing
> > MUST.  By its very definition, a reservation identifier is 
> independent
> > of the flow identifier (otherwise, we wouldn't call it a reservation
> > identifier, we would call it a flow identifier, right?) Since the
> > independence is by definition, not de jure, there is no 
> place for MUST
> > here -- there is no requirement.  The requirement (should 
> it be agreed
> > upon), woudd simply be that the protocol MUST support a reservation
> > identifier.
> > 
> > HINT: The best list of requirements is the shortest list, not the
> > longest list.
> > 
> > Bob Braden
> > 
> >   *> end-points). Various scenarios in the mobility area 
> require this 
> >   *> independence because flows resulting from handoff might 
> > have changed 
> >   *> end-points etc. but still have the same service 
> > requirement. Also several 
> >   *> proxy-based signaling methods profit from such as independence.
> >   *> 
> >   *> 
> >   *> --------------------------------------
> >   *> Dr. Marcus Brunner
> >   *> Network Laboratories
> >   *> NEC Europe Ltd.
> >   *> 
> >   *> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
> >   *> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
> >   *> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
> >   *> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
> >   *> 
> >   *> 
> >   *> _______________________________________________
> >   *> nsis mailing list
> >   *> nsis@ietf.org
> >   *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> >   *> 
> > _______________________________________________
> > nsis mailing list
> > nsis@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
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> 
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From: "Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com'" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>,
        nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling 
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Hi Hannes

Combining the two bullets might be acceptable to me!

Best Regards,
Georgios



-----Original Message-----
From: Hannes Tschofenig [mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com]
Sent: dinsdag 5 november 2002 12:11
To: Georgios Karagiannis (ELN); nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of
signaling messages


hi georgios

i know your point of view. key management is also unfortunately associated
with cost. do we skip it only because it is difficult or expensive? maybe we
can agree on something like:
- in some enviroment confidentiality protection might not be required.
- "NSIS signaling messages MUST be possible to be confidentiality protected
between NSIS nodes."
(like john proposed)

ciao
hannes


> -----Original Message-----
> From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)
> Sent: Tuesday, November 05, 2002 11:07 AM
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of
> signaling messages
>
>
> Hi
>
> Hannes sorry, but I think that I agree with Bob on this!
>
> Best Regards,
> Georgios
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bob Braden [mailto:braden@ISI.EDU]
> Sent: maandag 4 november 2002 18:26
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of
> signaling messages
>
>
>
>   *>
>   *> hi marcus
>   *>
>   *> i would agree to a stronger requirement for confidentiality
> protection of
>   *> signaling messages.
>   *>
>   *> how about:
>   *>
>   *> "NSIS signaling messages MUST be confidentiality protected
> between NSIS
>   *> nodes."
>   *>
>   *> ciao
>   *> hannes
>   *>
>   *>
>
> Whoa!!! Strong encryption has a cost, and it is by no means clear that
> very many users of your protocol are going to want or need to pay that
> cost in order to protect confidentiality of signaling.  Your version
> shifts from a requirement for support, which was reasonable, to
> a requirement for implementation and use, which is out of bounds.
>
> Bob Braden
>
>
>   *> > -----Original Message-----
>   *> > From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
>   *> > Marcus Brunner
>   *> > Sent: Friday, November 01, 2002 11:35 PM
>   *> > To: nsis@ietf.org
>   *> > Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality
> of signaling
>   *> > messages
>   *> >
>   *> >
>   *> >
>   *> > Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages
>   *> > ---------------------------------------------------
>   *> >
>   *> > Proposal to change Req 5.7.8
>   *> > "The NSIS protocol MUST allow encryption of NSIS messages
> between NSIS
>   *> > nodes."
>   *> >
>   *> > Currently it says
>   *> >
>   *> > 5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages
>   *> >
>   *> > Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes
>   *> > participating in
>   *> > the signaling protocol an adversary may learn both the
> identities and the
>   *> > content of the signaling messages. To prevent this from happening,
>   *> > confidentiality of the signaling message in a hop-by-hop
> manner MAY be
>   *> > provided. Note that the protection can be provided on a
> hop-by-hop basis
>   *> > for most message payloads since it is required that entities
>   *> > which actively
>   *> > participating in the signaling protocol must be able to read and
>   *> > eventually
>   *> > modify the content of the signaling messages."
>   *> >
>   *> > --------------------------------------
>   *> > Dr. Marcus Brunner
>   *> > Network Laboratories
>   *> > NEC Europe Ltd.
>   *> >
>   *> > E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
>   *> > WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
>   *> > Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
>   *> > personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
>   *> >
>   *> >
>   *> > _______________________________________________
>   *> > nsis mailing list
>   *> > nsis@ietf.org
>   *> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>   *>
>   *> _______________________________________________
>   *> nsis mailing list
>   *> nsis@ietf.org
>   *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>   *>
>
>
> ----- End Included Message -----
>
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--On Montag, 4. November 2002 10:55 +0200 john.loughney@nokia.com wrote:

> Hi Marcus,
>
>> > should be "NSIS Working Group", not "Network Working Group"
>>
>> need to check
>
> It should be NSIS Working Group.
>

Then show me one RFC where the IETF working group is mentioned.

Marcus
--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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The thread you refer to is about mobility and addresses. 
What's the relation to a reservation ID?

Regards, Rüdiger

> yes, after a fashion.
> 
> see e.g. 
> http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/nsis/current/
msg01993.html

it's not cryptographic security, of course.

robert h.

 
> Robert,
> 
> > The hard point is the security aspect, since so far as I can 
> > tell, (in general) any random node in the Internet could pop 
> > up and say "I want to modify reservation XXX 'cos it's really 
> > mine", and it would be hard to decide whether it wasn't just 
> > the real node having moved. All it has to do is get it's 
> > signalling message to intersect the existing path for that 
> > reservation id. 
> 
> Do you want to say that flow Id's provide better security?
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From: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
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Bob,

Just for clarification. Is the emphesis on the independence the problem? Or 
is the reservation ID itself the problem?

So reformulating the requirement into "An NSIS protocol MUST support a 
reservation identifer" would solve the first one. The reservation 
identifier then can be the same as the flow id or can be something else.

Marcus


or are you
> Actually, only trouble I have with this statement is capitalizing
> MUST.  By its very definition, a reservation identifier is independent
> of the flow identifier (otherwise, we wouldn't call it a reservation
> identifier, we would call it a flow identifier, right?) Since the
> independence is by definition, not de jure, there is no place for MUST
> here -- there is no requirement.  The requirement (should it be agreed
> upon), woudd simply be that the protocol MUST support a reservation
> identifier.
>
> HINT: The best list of requirements is the shortest list, not the
> longest list.
>
> Bob Braden
>
>   *> end-points). Various scenarios in the mobility area require this
>   *> independence because flows resulting from handoff might have changed
>   *> end-points etc. but still have the same service requirement. Also
> several    *> proxy-based signaling methods profit from such as
> independence.   *>
>   *>
>   *> --------------------------------------
>   *> Dr. Marcus Brunner
>   *> Network Laboratories
>   *> NEC Europe Ltd.
>   *>
>   *> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
>   *> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
>   *> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
>   *> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
>   *>
>   *>
>   *> _______________________________________________
>   *> nsis mailing list
>   *> nsis@ietf.org
>   *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>   *>



--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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I'd tweak the English so that it's more idiomatic:

"It MUST be possible to confidentiality-protect signaling
messages between NSIS Entities."

[n.b. I changed it to "NSIS Entities" to match language in
the framework document, but there still seems to be some
slop around "Entities" and "Nodes" - I can live with either]

Melinda
[still catching up on old email]
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Hi,

well, the question as i understood it was: isn't using a flow id (=, in framework terminology, some address fields/ports and so on) just as insecure as a reservation identifier?

answer: no, because the behaviour of the network ties the flow id (non-cryptographically) to the relevant parties (flow endpoints) - which is what the referred-to message asserts - whereas the reservation id (to be useful) is independent of any such constraint or guarantee. 

or did i misunderstand the question?

cheers,

robert h.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Geib, Ruediger [mailto:Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com]
> Sent: 05 November 2002 13:23
> To: Hancock, Robert
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of 
> reservation
> i dentifier
> 
> 
> The thread you refer to is about mobility and addresses. 
> What's the relation to a reservation ID?
> 
> Regards, Rüdiger
> 
> > yes, after a fashion.
> > 
> > see e.g. 
> > http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/nsis/current/
> msg01993.html
> 
> it's not cryptographic security, of course.
> 
> robert h.
> 
>  
> > Robert,
> > 
> > > The hard point is the security aspect, since so far as I can 
> > > tell, (in general) any random node in the Internet could pop 
> > > up and say "I want to modify reservation XXX 'cos it's really 
> > > mine", and it would be hard to decide whether it wasn't just 
> > > the real node having moved. All it has to do is get it's 
> > > signalling message to intersect the existing path for that 
> > > reservation id. 
> > 
> > Do you want to say that flow Id's provide better security?
> 
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Subject: Re: [NSIS] Comments on requirements draft 
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> Then show me one RFC where the IETF working group is mentioned.

This was my mistake.  It should remain "Network Working
Group." 

Melinda
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Marcus,

> So reformulating the requirement into "An NSIS protocol MUST 
> support a 
> reservation identifer" would solve the first one. The reservation 
> identifier then can be the same as the flow id or can be 
> something else.

with this interpretation, wouldn't the requirement then be entirely vacuous? i suppose it would rule out reservations which didn't refer to _any_ flows.

i think you would have to include the force of Bob's second sentence ("By its very definition, a reservation identifier is independent of the flow identifier (otherwise, we wouldn't call it a reservation identifier, we would call it a flow identifier, right?)") somewhere. Maybe your terminology section...

cheers,

robert h.
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From: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
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Subject: Re: [NSIS] Open Issues: Peer-to-Peer Protection
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I am not sure what we need to protect end-to-end can you give some example 
applications for other then peer-to-peer

Marcus

--On Dienstag, 5. November 2002 09:35 +0100 Hannes Tschofenig 
<Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com> wrote:

> hi
>
> i guess that there is no doubt that a signaling protocol like NSIS must at
> least offer peer-to-peer protection. it was often mentioned that more than
> peer-to-peer protection might also be required. should there be a
> requirement which states something similar?
>
> ciao
> hannes
>
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis



--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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Hi all,

> I am not sure what we need to protect end-to-end can you give 
> some example applications for other then peer-to-peer

Let's simplify.  Let's not get into peer-to-peer vs. end-to-end yet.
There will be consideration for this when we better detail the
NSIS application layer vs. transport layer stuff.  I think it
would be appropriate to deal with it in the framework,
or some yet unmade protocol architecture document (if we need it).

John
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Hello Hannes

> if confidentiality
> protection is not considered at all then i argue that it is 
> hard to add.

Agreed. But I'd prefer to look at it as an option. I'm not 
sure whether encryption of signaling messages must be 
made mandatory.

> > Rüdiger
> > Or is it already the CSTP level
> > which must be encrypted?

> Hannes
> it always depends what information you deliver at each each 
> level/layer. the seperation between these layers is only 
> at a document level/logical and not physical!?
> providing different security mechanisms at different 
> layers is more difficult.

CASP suggests an omnivorous node, which, as far as I 
understood, may act as a kind of signaling relay 
(i.e. no upper level signaling protocol present locally).
This means, here's a physical separation of both layers. 
To me, a simple relay doesn't have to operate encryption.

Regards, Rüdiger
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Robert

> well, the question as i understood it was: isn't using a flow 
> id (=, in framework terminology, some address fields/ports 
> and so on) just as insecure as a reservation identifier?

You got my question.

> answer: no, because the behaviour of the network ties the 
> flow id (non-cryptographically) to the relevant parties (flow 
> endpoints) - which is what the referred-to message asserts - 
> whereas the reservation id (to be useful) is independent of 
> any such constraint or guarantee. 

The reservation ID is visible on signaling application level. 
I'd expect a signaling node to save state, including the 
relevant flow information. So the flow context is 
re-established by means of the reservation ID. Then the 
signaling node has the same information as with a flow ID, 
doesn't it?

Changing IP addresses obviously require signaling of a 
new flow ID.

I think the signaling load may be reduced by a reservation ID. 
You trade that for an additional soft state entry in the router
(the reservation ID).

I didn't explain the above prior to this message. I don't 
think this is less secure than repeating the flow ID on 
signaling application level.

Regards, Rüdiger
 
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Hi,

OK, we have 2 aspects of the word secure:

1. privacy of signalling information (your emphasis). here, there is basically no difference between the reservation and flow ids.
2. ability to avoid someone stealing the reservation (my emphasis). here, there is a difference, of a 'soft' sort.

Is that the basic point?

Cheers,

Robert H.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Geib, Ruediger [mailto:Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com]
> Sent: 05 November 2002 15:11
> To: Hancock, Robert
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of 
> reservation
> i dentifier
> 
> 
> Robert
> 
> > well, the question as i understood it was: isn't using a flow 
> > id (=, in framework terminology, some address fields/ports 
> > and so on) just as insecure as a reservation identifier?
> 
> You got my question.
> 
> > answer: no, because the behaviour of the network ties the 
> > flow id (non-cryptographically) to the relevant parties (flow 
> > endpoints) - which is what the referred-to message asserts - 
> > whereas the reservation id (to be useful) is independent of 
> > any such constraint or guarantee. 
> 
> The reservation ID is visible on signaling application level. 
> I'd expect a signaling node to save state, including the 
> relevant flow information. So the flow context is 
> re-established by means of the reservation ID. Then the 
> signaling node has the same information as with a flow ID, 
> doesn't it?
> 
> Changing IP addresses obviously require signaling of a 
> new flow ID.
> 
> I think the signaling load may be reduced by a reservation ID. 
> You trade that for an additional soft state entry in the router
> (the reservation ID).
> 
> I didn't explain the above prior to this message. I don't 
> think this is less secure than repeating the flow ID on 
> signaling application level.
> 
> Regards, Rüdiger
>  
> 
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  *> 
  *> I am not sure what we need to protect end-to-end can you give some example 
  *> applications for other then peer-to-peer
  *> 
  *> Marcus
  *> 
  *> --On Dienstag, 5. November 2002 09:35 +0100 Hannes Tschofenig 
  *> <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com> wrote:
  *> 
  *> > hi
  *> >
  *> > i guess that there is no doubt that a signaling protocol like NSIS must at
  *> > least offer peer-to-peer protection. it was often mentioned that more than
  *> > peer-to-peer protection might also be required. should there be a
  *> > requirement which states something similar?
  *> >
  *> > ciao
  *> > hannes
  *> >

Marcus,

I don't think it is so much a matter of need as it is of ability. 
Security wonks always feel uncomfortable about the transitive trust
model implied by pure hop/hop integrity.  They point out that if any
link in the chain is penetrated, then the whole path is penetrated.
They would like a digital signature from the signaling initiator that
can be checked at every node along the path.  (Never mind the CPU cost
of that... ;-( )  Unfortunately, the nature of signaling is that in
general the contents of the signaling -- the SAPU -- changes in some
way from hop to hop along the path.  So the best you can do is to sign
the invariant parts of the SAPU -- e.g., the session designation.
There is no other known solution to the general problem of E2E
protection of signaling messages.

This problem arose big time in the active networks research program,
and Sandy Murphy will be first to admit that she didn't solve it.

Bob Braden


  *> > _______________________________________________
  *> > nsis mailing list
  *> > nsis@ietf.org
  *> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> 
  *> 
  *> 
  *> --------------------------------------
  *> Dr. Marcus Brunner
  *> Network Laboratories
  *> NEC Europe Ltd.
  *> 
  *> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
  *> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
  *> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
  *> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
  *> 
  *> 
  *> _______________________________________________
  *> nsis mailing list
  *> nsis@ietf.org
  *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> 
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Subject: Re: [NSIS] Open Issues: Peer-to-Peer Protection
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On Tue, 5 Nov 2002, Bob Braden wrote:

>   *> 
>   *> I am not sure what we need to protect end-to-end can you give some example 
>   *> applications for other then peer-to-peer
>   *> 
>   *> Marcus
>   *> 
>   *> --On Dienstag, 5. November 2002 09:35 +0100 Hannes Tschofenig 
>   *> <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com> wrote:
>   *> 
>   *> > hi
>   *> >
>   *> > i guess that there is no doubt that a signaling protocol like NSIS must at
>   *> > least offer peer-to-peer protection. it was often mentioned that more than
>   *> > peer-to-peer protection might also be required. should there be a
>   *> > requirement which states something similar?
>   *> >
>   *> > ciao
>   *> > hannes
>   *> >
> 
> Marcus,
> 
> I don't think it is so much a matter of need as it is of ability. 
> Security wonks always feel uncomfortable about the transitive trust
> model implied by pure hop/hop integrity.  They point out that if any
> link in the chain is penetrated, then the whole path is penetrated.
> They would like a digital signature from the signaling initiator that
> can be checked at every node along the path.  (Never mind the CPU cost
> of that... ;-( )  Unfortunately, the nature of signaling is that in
> general the contents of the signaling -- the SAPU -- changes in some
> way from hop to hop along the path.  So the best you can do is to sign
> the invariant parts of the SAPU -- e.g., the session designation.
> There is no other known solution to the general problem of E2E
> protection of signaling messages.

This is not quite true.  Signing each change to the message will solve 
the general problem of E2E protection of signaling messages.  With 
each change signed, there is no dependence on transitive trust.

Steve
 
> This problem arose big time in the active networks research program,
> and Sandy Murphy will be first to admit that she didn't solve it.
> 
> Bob Braden
> 
> 
>   *> > _______________________________________________
>   *> > nsis mailing list
>   *> > nsis@ietf.org
>   *> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>   *> 
>   *> 
>   *> 
>   *> --------------------------------------
>   *> Dr. Marcus Brunner
>   *> Network Laboratories
>   *> NEC Europe Ltd.
>   *> 
>   *> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
>   *> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
>   *> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
>   *> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
>   *> 
>   *> 
>   *> _______________________________________________
>   *> nsis mailing list
>   *> nsis@ietf.org
>   *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>   *> 
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> 

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  *> 
  *> Hi all,
  *> 
  *> I think there is a general point about several of these requirements, in that at this stage we could be saying (e.g. for a MUST)
  *> *) mandatory to SPECIFY in the protocol definition, or
  *> *) mandatory to IMPLEMENT in an implementation of it, or
  *> *) mandatory to USE in a deployment of an implementation
  *> 
  *> Is it useful to draw this distinction more formally somehow? Or is everything clearly only SPECIFY at this stage (and the rest depends on what the protocol ends up being?)
  *> 
  *> robert h.
  *> 
Robert,

I believe that the purpose of the requirements document requested by
the ADs is to define the requirements for the protocol spcification.
That rules out the second and third of your categories.

The second category, IMPLEMENT, would come in an Applicability
Statement document (which has often been called a "requirements"
document too, somewhat confusingly).  In practice, however, many
protocol specs include applicability statements interleaved with the
technical specification.

The IETF clearly has nothing to say about USE.

Bob Braden

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Subject: Re: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation
 identifier
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  *> From brunner@ccrle.nec.de  Tue Nov  5 05:39:02 2002
  *> Date: Tue, 05 Nov 2002 14:38:16 +0100
  *> From: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
  *> To: Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>, nsis@ietf.org
  *> Subject: Re: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation
  *>  identifier
  *> MIME-Version: 1.0
  *> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
  *> Content-Disposition: inline
  *> X-AntiVirus: scanned by AMaViS 0.2.1
  *> 
  *> Bob,
  *> 
  *> Just for clarification. Is the emphesis on the independence the problem? Or 
  *> is the reservation ID itself the problem?

Marcus,

The first, in general.

  *> 
  *> So reformulating the requirement into "An NSIS protocol MUST support a 
  *> reservation identifer" would solve the first one. 

OK, although I would say "MUST be able to support".

BTW, a reservation identifier is presumably a multi-hop thing, so in my
2-level model it is a creature of ULSP, i.e., it is carried in an
SAPU.  That's good, because non-QoS signaling applications probably
don't have any reservations to identify.

Ooops, your requirement only applies to QoS signaling.  Is that
appropriate?

  *> The reservation 
  *> identifier then can be the same as the flow id or can be something else.

I am not sure I understand this last sentence above.  I understand "flow id"
as we have been using it to mean the set of header fields that define
the flow.  If it is a microflow, this generally includes the source and
destination IP addresses and the source and destination ports, and perhaps
the IP protocol number.  A reservation identifier is presumably a single
number from some distinct number space; I am not sure what you mean
by "the same as".

Bob
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Subject: Re: [NSIS] Open Issues: Peer-to-Peer Protection 
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> I am not sure what we need to protect end-to-end can you give some example 
> applications for other then peer-to-peer

It's possible - likely, even - that there are applications
in which a resource allocation decision depends on the
authenticated identity of the NSIS initiator or other
identity information in the packet, or requires that the
request be authenticated cryptographically using the key of
the originator.  In this case I would say that there's
likely to be a need to provide end-to-something protection,
where "protection" means "authentication."  This, however,
is almost certainly an NSIS application requirement and not
an NSIS transport layer requirement.

Melinda
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   of "Mon, 04 Nov 2002 19:58:34 GMT." <76C92FBBFB58D411AE760090271ED41805DF5D26@rsys002a.roke.co.uk> 
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Subject: [NSIS] Re: sender/receiver initiation (was: RE: Comments on framework draft)
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> Actually, I'm not sure why this impression is given: the
> basic point is that there is no assumed relationship of
> NI/NR w.r.t. data sender or receiver. If the NI is at (or
> near) the sender, 4.2 and 4.3.2 are describing
> sender-oriented signallng, but not if it is at the
> receiver. (Maybe it should be emphasised earlier?)

I think so - like it or not we do have an existing
understanding of "sender" and "receiver" that's based on
RSVP, and if we're going to use the terms differently that
difference needs to be described clearly.  This also
explains why I thought your definitions of receiver-
initiated and sender-initiated signaling were nuxied.

Melinda
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
	 dentifier
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> 2. ability to avoid someone stealing the reservation (my 
> emphasis). here, there is a difference, of a 'soft' sort.

That's what I'm interested in too.

Regards, Rüdiger

> > Robert
> > 
> > > well, the question as i understood it was: isn't using a flow 
> > > id (=, in framework terminology, some address fields/ports 
> > > and so on) just as insecure as a reservation identifier?
> > 
> > You got my question.
> > 
> > > answer: no, because the behaviour of the network ties the 
> > > flow id (non-cryptographically) to the relevant parties (flow 
> > > endpoints) - which is what the referred-to message asserts - 
> > > whereas the reservation id (to be useful) is independent of 
> > > any such constraint or guarantee. 
> > 
> > The reservation ID is visible on signaling application level. 
> > I'd expect a signaling node to save state, including the 
> > relevant flow information. So the flow context is 
> > re-established by means of the reservation ID. Then the 
> > signaling node has the same information as with a flow ID, 
> > doesn't it?
> > 
> > Changing IP addresses obviously require signaling of a 
> > new flow ID.
> > 
> > I think the signaling load may be reduced by a reservation ID. 
> > You trade that for an additional soft state entry in the router
> > (the reservation ID).
> > 
> > I didn't explain the above prior to this message. I don't 
> > think this is less secure than repeating the flow ID on 
> > signaling application level.
> > 
> > Regards, Rüdiger
> >  
> > 
> 
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i dentifier
Date: Wed, 6 Nov 2002 09:51:24 +0200
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To: <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>, <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
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Hi all,

So, we have the following needs:

1) Potential confidentiality of data
2) Protection against DoS attacks
3) Ensuring reservation ownership 
   (this is applicable for QoS, NAT / firewall traversal)

I'd suggest that 

1) is a MUST at the application signaling layer
2) is a MUST in a general sense
3) is a MUST in a general sense

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Geib, Ruediger [mailto:Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com]
> Sent: 06 November, 2002 09:46
> To: robert.hancock@roke.co.uk
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of 
> reservation
> i dentifier
> 
> 
> > 2. ability to avoid someone stealing the reservation (my 
> > emphasis). here, there is a difference, of a 'soft' sort.
> 
> That's what I'm interested in too.
> 
> Regards, Rüdiger
> 
> > > Robert
> > > 
> > > > well, the question as i understood it was: isn't using a flow 
> > > > id (=, in framework terminology, some address fields/ports 
> > > > and so on) just as insecure as a reservation identifier?
> > > 
> > > You got my question.
> > > 
> > > > answer: no, because the behaviour of the network ties the 
> > > > flow id (non-cryptographically) to the relevant parties (flow 
> > > > endpoints) - which is what the referred-to message asserts - 
> > > > whereas the reservation id (to be useful) is independent of 
> > > > any such constraint or guarantee. 
> > > 
> > > The reservation ID is visible on signaling application level. 
> > > I'd expect a signaling node to save state, including the 
> > > relevant flow information. So the flow context is 
> > > re-established by means of the reservation ID. Then the 
> > > signaling node has the same information as with a flow ID, 
> > > doesn't it?
> > > 
> > > Changing IP addresses obviously require signaling of a 
> > > new flow ID.
> > > 
> > > I think the signaling load may be reduced by a reservation ID. 
> > > You trade that for an additional soft state entry in the router
> > > (the reservation ID).
> > > 
> > > I didn't explain the above prior to this message. I don't 
> > > think this is less secure than repeating the flow ID on 
> > > signaling application level.
> > > 
> > > Regards, Rüdiger
> > >  
> > > 
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> 
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation identifier
Date: Wed, 6 Nov 2002 09:57:35 +0200
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Hi Rüdiger,

> I'd like to to keep a reservation ID as a requirement and 
> I prefer to look at it as a "must" (no capitals). Two 
> issues: it may save signaling load if you refresh by using 
> reservation IDs instead of flow IDs. That may be 
> intersting on wireless interfaces, but not only there. 
> The other argument I see is aggregation. I'm aware of 
> RFC 3175 and I regard the aggregation 
> mechanism designed there as smart but non trivial. A 
> reservation ID may be useful in this context.
> 
> I've twice used "may" here. It would be great if could 
> decide on the strength of requirement (must, should, may) 
> after we checked some real world designs and a proof of 
> concept.

I think the concept is a good one, but I somehow feel funny
that it would be a 'requirement' - perhaps it could listed
as a SHOULD or 'SHOULD be considered' - would that work?

John
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From: "Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>
To: john.loughney@nokia.com
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
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Hi John,

"SHOULD" is ok. "To be considered" sounds a bit too weak.

Regards, Rüdiger

> -----Original Message-----
> From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, November 06, 2002 8:58 AM
> To: Geib, Rüdiger
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of 
> reservation
> identifier
> 
> 
> Hi Rüdiger,
> 
> > I'd like to to keep a reservation ID as a requirement and 
> > I prefer to look at it as a "must" (no capitals). Two 
> > issues: it may save signaling load if you refresh by using 
> > reservation IDs instead of flow IDs. That may be 
> > intersting on wireless interfaces, but not only there. 
> > The other argument I see is aggregation. I'm aware of 
> > RFC 3175 and I regard the aggregation 
> > mechanism designed there as smart but non trivial. A 
> > reservation ID may be useful in this context.
> > 
> > I've twice used "may" here. It would be great if could 
> > decide on the strength of requirement (must, should, may) 
> > after we checked some real world designs and a proof of 
> > concept.
> 
> I think the concept is a good one, but I somehow feel funny
> that it would be a 'requirement' - perhaps it could listed
> as a SHOULD or 'SHOULD be considered' - would that work?
> 
> John
> 
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Hi Rüdiger,

> "SHOULD" is ok. "To be considered" sounds a bit too weak.

SHOULD or SHOULD be considered were my suggestions.  Either are
OK with me.

John
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Hello John,

sorry for giving an ambiguous reply. The first "SHOULD" 
(i.e. not "SHOULD be considered") is what I prefer.

Regards, Rüdiger

> > "SHOULD" is ok. "To be considered" sounds a bit too weak.
> 
> SHOULD or SHOULD be considered were my suggestions.  Either are
> OK with me.
> 
> John
> 
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Hi all,

Here is my first shot at an agenda.  What I would like is to spend most of
the first session trying to get a handle on some issues, discuss how to 
procede and try to settle the requirements document.

If anyone has any issues that they feel should be discussed, please let me know.

thanks,
John

Tuesday November 19, 2002
1300-1400 Afternoon Session I

	WG Status, charter discussion - chair 30 min

	Requirements - Marcus Brunner - 30 minutes
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt

WEDNESDAY, November 20, 2002
0900-1130 Morning Sessions

Framework Discussion - 60 minutes
	intro - chair 10 minutes

	Next Steps in Signaling: Framework - Robert Handcock - (15 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-fw-00.txt

	Trade-offs and open issues with path discovery and transport - Henning Schulzrinne - (15 min)

	A Two-Level Architecture for Internet Signaling - chair - (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-braden-2level-signaling-01.txt

	Sender and Receiver Orientation Issues in NSIS - Robert Hancock - (10 min) 
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hancock-nsis-sender-receiver-00.txt 

Analysis work - 30 minutes

	Analysis of Existing Quality of Service Signaling Protocols - Jukka Manner - (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt

	Nsis Threats - H. Tschofenig - (10min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt

	RSVP Security Properties - H. Tschofenig - (10min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-rsvp-sec-properties-00.txt

	Analysis of Existing QoS Solutions - TBD - (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-03.txt 

	Analysis of Mobile IP and RSVP Interactions - TBD - (10 minutes)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-thomas-nsis-rsvp-analysis-00.txt

	Discusion - (15 min)

Solutions - 30 minutes

	A Proposal for RSVPv2 - Karagiannis (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-proposal-for-rsvpv2-01.txt

	A Firewall/NAT Traversal Client for CASP - H. Tschofenig - (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-tschofenig-nsis-casp-midcom-00.txt
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To: "Melinda Shore" <mshore@cisco.com>, <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Open Issues: Peer-to-Peer Protection 
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hi melinda!

from your text i read that you think that something like end-to-middle
authentication should be supported. i agree with you that it is applicable
to the nsis application level - not to the transport.

ciao
hannes

> > I am not sure what we need to protect end-to-end can you give
> some example
> > applications for other then peer-to-peer
>
> It's possible - likely, even - that there are applications
> in which a resource allocation decision depends on the
> authenticated identity of the NSIS initiator or other
> identity information in the packet, or requires that the
> request be authenticated cryptographically using the key of
> the originator.  In this case I would say that there's
> likely to be a need to provide end-to-something protection,
> where "protection" means "authentication."  This, however,
> is almost certainly an NSIS application requirement and not
> an NSIS transport layer requirement.
>
> Melinda

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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Open Issues: Peer-to-Peer Protection
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hi steve, hi bob.

please see my comments inline.

> >
> > Marcus,
> >
> > I don't think it is so much a matter of need as it is of ability.
> > Security wonks always feel uncomfortable about the transitive trust
> > model implied by pure hop/hop integrity.  They point out that if any
> > link in the chain is penetrated, then the whole path is penetrated.
> > They would like a digital signature from the signaling initiator that
> > can be checked at every node along the path.  (Never mind the CPU cost
> > of that... ;-( )
a digital signature by the signaling message initiator is not necessarily
required. i see that there is a problem with cpu costs etc.



>  Unfortunately, the nature of signaling is that in
> > general the contents of the signaling -- the SAPU -- changes in some
> > way from hop to hop along the path.
true. some things. some other things don't.


  So the best you can do is to sign
> > the invariant parts of the SAPU -- e.g., the session designation.
> > There is no other known solution to the general problem of E2E
> > protection of signaling messages.


i intentionally avoided the term end-to-end protection. non peer-to-peer
protection is not necessary end-to-end protection.

you can take a look at the following figure to see the possible options:

             ****************************************
              *                                      *
              *                                      *
         +----+-----+       +----------+        +----+-----+
   +-----+ Router   +-------+ Router   +--------+ Router   +-----+
   |     |    1     |       |    2     |        |    3     |     |
   |     +----------+       +----+-----+        +----------+     |
   |                             ~                               |
   |                             ~                               |
   |                             ~                               |
   |                             ~                               |
   |                             ~                               |
   |  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                               |
   |  ~                                                          |
   |  ~                                                          |
+--+--++                                                      +--+---+
| Host +//////////////////////////////////////////////////////+ Host |
|  A   |                                                      |  B   |
+------+                                                      +------+

 Legend:
  -----: Peer-to-Peer Trust Relationship
  /////: End-to-End Trust Relationship
  *****: Middle-to-Middle Trust Relationship
  ~~~~~: End-to-Middle Trust Relationship


i intentionally avoided the term end-to-end protection. non peer-to-peer
protection is not necessary end-to-end protection.

for example:
the rsvp integrity object is used in two places:
a) to protect the entire rsvp message (=peer-to-peer security)
b) to protect the policy object (=something other than peer-to-peer).

another example:
protecting local information

authorization tokens would be another form of non peer-to-peer protection.

whether to have support for end-to-end protection is a different issue. i
argue that you do not need to have end-to-end security because the protocol
behavior (e.g. proxy behavior, acting on behalf of someone else, initiating
signaling message everywhere, modification of messages along the path, etc.)
might not be simply possible. if some sort of end-to-end negotiation should
take place then this could experience e2e protection.
i tend to avoid e2e security protection. pure end-to-end issues should be
done with end-to-end protocols (not with nsis).


> This is not quite true.  Signing each change to the message will solve
> the general problem of E2E protection of signaling messages.  With
> each change signed, there is no dependence on transitive trust.
depending on the protocol behavior this creates a solution which is not
scalable and a performance disaster.
>
> Steve
>
> > This problem arose big time in the active networks research program,
> > and Sandy Murphy will be first to admit that she didn't solve it.
> >
> > Bob Braden

ciao
hannes

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> BTW, a reservation identifier is presumably a multi-hop thing, so in my
> 2-level model it is a creature of ULSP, i.e., it is carried in an
> SAPU.  That's good, because non-QoS signaling applications probably
> don't have any reservations to identify.
>
> Ooops, your requirement only applies to QoS signaling.  Is that
> appropriate?
>

I would think all applications do have to identify a reservation (state), 
otherwise you do not need signaling at all. And I don't see why it should 
apply to QoS signaling. Do you see this in the req text?

>   *> The reservation
>   *> identifier then can be the same as the flow id or can be something
> else.
>
> I am not sure I understand this last sentence above.  I understand "flow
> id" as we have been using it to mean the set of header fields that define
> the flow.  If it is a microflow, this generally includes the source and
> destination IP addresses and the source and destination ports, and perhaps
> the IP protocol number.  A reservation identifier is presumably a single
> number from some distinct number space; I am not sure what you mean by
> "the same as".
>
> Bob

And the number space for the reservation id could be 5-dimensionl 
containing src/dest addr, ports, and proto number, but it can also be 
derived from any other information or chosen randomly etc. I regard this 
then a protocol specification task to define what the reservation id is.

Marcus


--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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hi

marcus raised the question what todo with this paragraph. there are the
following options:

a) drop it (without replacement)
b) replace it by something more concise
c) move it to the framework

i would like to get an idea what people think about the possible interaction
between nsis and key management protocols. i personally think that key
management is an important topic and should be addressed in the requirements
somehow.

ciao
hannes


> -----Original Message-----
> From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Hannes Tschofenig
> Sent: Monday, November 04, 2002 6:12 PM
> To: brunner@ccrle.nec.de; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 5 Req 5.7.10 Hooks ...
>
>
> hi marcus
>
> i think that nsis should be able to interact with other protocols (called
> hooks in this context). other protocols also require such interaction. to
> make sure that the interaction is actually possible (and that it works in
> the expected way) a requirement should be specified. is the descripion too
> fuzzy? should it simply be discussed in the framework only?
>
> ciao
> hannes
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> > Marcus Brunner
> > Sent: Friday, November 01, 2002 11:37 PM
> > To: nsis@ietf.org
> > Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 5 Req 5.7.10 Hooks ...
> >
> >
> > Req-Draft: Open Issue 5 Req 5.7.10 Hooks ...
> > --------------------------------------------
> >
> > Proposal to remove req 5.7.10 " Hooks with Authentication and Key
> > Agreement
> > protocols"
> >
> > 5.7.10 Hooks with Authentication and Key Agreement protocols
> >
> > This requirement covers two subsequent steps before a signaling
> > protocol is
> > executed and the required hooks. First there is a need to agree on a
> > specific authentication protocol. Later this protocol is executed and
> > provides authentication and establishes the desired security
> > associations.
> > Using these security associations it is then possible to
> exchange secured
> > signaling messages.
> >
> > The signaling protocol implementation SHOULD provide hooks to
> > interact with
> > protocols that allow the negotiation of authentication and key agreement
> > protocols. Although the negotiation of an authentication and key
> > management
> > protocol within the signaling protocol may be outside the scope
> > it is still
> > required to trigger this exchange in case that no such security
> > association
> > is available.
> > This requirement originates from the fact that more than one key
> > management
> > protocol may be used to provide a security association for the signaling
> > protocol. Hence the communicating entities must be capable to agree on a
> > specific authentication. The selected authentication and key agreement
> > protocol must however be able to create a security association
> > that can be
> > used within the signaling protocol.
> >
> > Key management protocols typically require a larger number of
> messages to
> > be transmitted to allow a session key and the corresponding security
> > association to be derived. To avoid the complex issue of embedding
> > individual authentication and key agreement protocols into a specific
> > signaling protocol it is required that most of these protocols
> > are executed
> > independently (prior to the signaling protocol) and although the key
> > management protocol may be independent there must be a way for the
> > signaling protocol to access and use available (i.e. already
> established)
> > security associations to avoid executing a separate key
> > management protocol
> > (or instance of the same protocol) for protocols that closely operate
> > together. If no such security association exists then there
> > SHOULD be means
> > for the signaling protocol to dynamically trigger such a protocol.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > --------------------------------------
> > Dr. Marcus Brunner
> > Network Laboratories
> > NEC Europe Ltd.
> >
> > E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
> > WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
> > Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
> > personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > nsis mailing list
> > nsis@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>

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I don't think we should go to solutions already.
Marcus

> Solutions - 30 minutes
>
> 	A Proposal for RSVPv2 - Karagiannis (10 min)
> 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-proposal-for-rsvpv2-0
> 1.txt
>
> 	A Firewall/NAT Traversal Client for CASP - H. Tschofenig - (10 min)
> 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-tschofenig-nsis-casp-midcom-00
> .txt _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis



--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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Hi Marcus,

> I don't think we should go to solutions already.

I agree - that is why if there are any discussions of solution-oriented
drafts, then the discussion topics open would be issues that could/should
be considered by existing WG drafts.  There is no presentation of the
actual solutions at IETF 55.

John
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Hi Marcus,

> And the number space for the reservation id could be 5-dimensionl 
> containing src/dest addr, ports, and proto number...

Yes, that's kind of the largest possible reservation ID.

> but it can also be derived from any other information 
> or chosen randomly etc.

I disagree. The reservation ID must be non ambiguous. A part 
of it may be assigned randomly. A simple solution may be 
reservation ID = source address + random number.

Regards, Rüdiger
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Hi Marcus

In the "A Proposal for RSVPv2" presentation
I will only focus on the applied concept, that is an 
extension of the concept described in 
draft-braden-2level-signaling-01.txt.

Thus I will not present the solution but I will only present 
the applied concept!
Therefore, I would very much appreciate to use the assigned 
time slot!
John I could send you the slides before the meeting for review!

Best Regards,
Georgios

-----Original Message-----
From: Marcus Brunner [mailto:brunner@ccrle.nec.de]
Sent: woensdag 6 november 2002 11:41
To: john.loughney@nokia.com; nsis@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [NSIS] IETF 55 Meeting Agenda proposal



I don't think we should go to solutions already.
Marcus

> Solutions - 30 minutes
>
> 	A Proposal for RSVPv2 - Karagiannis (10 min)
> 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-proposal-for-rsvpv2-0
> 1.txt
>
> 	A Firewall/NAT Traversal Client for CASP - H. Tschofenig - (10 min)
> 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-tschofenig-nsis-casp-midcom-00
> .txt _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis



--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Next Steps in Signaling Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Requirements for Signaling Protocols
	Author(s)	: M. Brunner
	Filename	: draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt
	Pages		: 36
	Date		: 2002-11-5
	
This document defines requirements for signaling across different 
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applications of signaling have been defined such as signaling for 
MPLS label distribution [RSVP-TE]. To achieve wide applicability of 
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hi marcus, hi john

i fully agree with you both that we should give a presentation of problems
and open issues which go beyond a particular solution.

my presentation aims to point to the problems of (missing) trust
relationships of in-path signaling (especially in the area of firewall
traversal). i think that these issues are also of interest for the question:
is peer-to-peer protection sufficient for nsis? it also addresses security
problems when signaling is applied only at local networks (at both access
networks).

ciao
hannes

> I don't think we should go to solutions already.
> Marcus
>
> > Solutions - 30 minutes
> >
> > 	A Proposal for RSVPv2 - Karagiannis (10 min)
> >
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-proposal-for-rsvpv2-0
> > 1.txt
> >
> > 	A Firewall/NAT Traversal Client for CASP - H. Tschofenig - (10 min)
> >
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-tschofenig-nsis-casp-midcom-00
> .txt _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis



--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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Hi all,

I ask the presentors to provide your slidesets prior to the meeting.  Please send your slideset by November 16th.  This is needed so that the slides can be made available folks who can't attend the meeting.

br,
John
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Hi all,

Just to highlight this - we are not going to be talking about solutions at the IETF meeting. However, if anyone working on solutions has discovered some interesting things which the WG should be aware of to help progress the existing set of documents, then that is a valid discussion topic.  

As all folks presenting a list of discussion points MUST send their slides to me prior to the meeting, that will ensure that the discussions stay on topic it.

thanks,
John
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> i agree with you that the key management should be
> addressed. the question where the keys come from is
> independent from integrity or confidentiality protection.

Unfortunately it's not completely independent.  For example
the reasonable choices for IPSec are IKE, pre-shared keys
(which is probably a bad choice for us), or KINK, while for
TLS it's PKI.  For us the choice of a keying mechanism is
going to come down to some combination of 1) what security
protocols we use, 2) what our understanding of the
relationships among the entities is going to be (i.e. if
there's just a few PSKs might be fine, if they're all in the
same domain KINK might be fine, etc.), and so on.

I think that at this point the most helpful thing would be
to identify the elements that we'd use as the basis for a
later decision about keying.

Melinda
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To: "Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>
cc: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com, nsis@ietf.org
From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com> 
   of "Tue, 05 Nov 2002 15:19:29 +0100." <DFD875E85664D3118FA6080006277DE70362CCD2@U8PN2.blf01.telekom.de> 
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> To me, a simple relay doesn't have to operate encryption.

The correct answer to any technical question is "it
depends," and I think it this case it comes down to
depending on how the application layer is split from the
transport layer, what information is contained in the
transport layer, and if the information that a relay would
need to forward the message correctly is itself encrypted.

My suspicion is that the information one might want to
protect from prying eyes will tend to be carried in the
application, and that any information that could be derived
from looking at transport layer daya could also be derived
from traffic analysis.

Melinda
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Reply-To: <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>, <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
Cc: <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation identifier
Date: Thu, 7 Nov 2002 14:23:06 +0100
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hi ruediger!

see my comments inline:

>
> Hi Marcus,
>
> > And the number space for the reservation id could be 5-dimensionl
> > containing src/dest addr, ports, and proto number...
>
> Yes, that's kind of the largest possible reservation ID.
that's probably a bad choice since it changes due to
- movement
- ipsec encryption
- other tunneling techniques
- ipv4/ipv6 transition
etc.

>
> > but it can also be derived from any other information
> > or chosen randomly etc.
>
> I disagree. The reservation ID must be non ambiguous. A part
> of it may be assigned randomly. A simple solution may be
> reservation ID = source address + random number.

which source address? home address / care-of address
if home address then what happens without mobility.
if care-of address then there is a mobility problem.
both?
ciao
hannes

>
> Regards, Rüdiger
> _______________________________________________
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> nsis@ietf.org
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Reply-To: <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Melinda Shore" <mshore@cisco.com>
Cc: "Bob Braden" <braden@ISI.EDU>, <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management 
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hi melinda!

please see my comments inline:

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Melinda Shore [mailto:mshore@cisco.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, November 06, 2002 4:22 PM
> To: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com
> Cc: Bob Braden; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management
>
>
> > i agree with you that the key management should be
> > addressed. the question where the keys come from is
> > independent from integrity or confidentiality protection.
>
> Unfortunately it's not completely independent.  For example
> the reasonable choices for IPSec are IKE, pre-shared keys
> (which is probably a bad choice for us), or KINK, while for
> TLS it's PKI.  For us the choice of a keying mechanism is
> going to come down to some combination of 1) what security
> protocols we use, 2) what our understanding of the
> relationships among the entities is going to be (i.e. if
> there's just a few PSKs might be fine, if they're all in the
> same domain KINK might be fine, etc.), and so on.

i see your arguments. it is true that in real world protocols you are with
some choices somehow limited in the number of ciphersuites, integrity
algorithms. (an example: if you want to use a special encryption algorithm -
for example camilla - then you might limit your scope of protocols. but i am
not quite sure that one would like to place such contraints.)

the issue i wanted to raise is that key management still has to be discussed
differently to the type of protection later offered.

some examples:
authentication and key exchange protocols for ipsec are: ike, soi (in the
near future) and kink (and others).
they all offer ipsec sas which support algorithms for confidentiality
protection and algorithms for integrity protection

tls has its key management built-in. there are however extensions such that
srp, kerberos or public key based techniques can be used.
still the algorithms tls offers algorithms for confidentiality protection
and for integrity protection.

if you create your own authentication and key exchange protocol (and a
seperate protocol for sa parameter negotiation) you might want to limit it
only to confidentiality protection. but you might want to have a particular
reason for that.

>
> I think that at this point the most helpful thing would be
> to identify the elements that we'd use as the basis for a
> later decision about keying.
i think that the basis for a authentication and key exchange protocol
selection should be the trust relationships and the architectural
assumptions.
you mention that ike with pre-shared secrets might not be the right choice.
this would be such an architectural assumption. these type of trust
relationships and assumptions need a careful investigation (e.g. based on
scenarios).

ciao
hannes


>
> Melinda

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Hello Everyone,
I am currently doing my Master Thesis at Siemens AG, Munich under Dresden University of Technology and work focus is QoS on access networks which is related to the EU project AQUILA (http://www.ist-aquila.org/).

The thesis also comes up with a comparison between RSVP, YESSIR and Boomerang in access network scenarios and in my study I have come to the conclusion that RSVP in spite of its complex architecture can still be efficiently used in Access and some other architecture in the core network, like AQUILA. Though YESSIR presents a more efficient alternative to RSVP, but due to it being signaled over RTP, only multimedia traffic can be guaranteed QoS, and if traffic independent QoS is required then it does not serve the purpose. Though Boomerang offers a very efficient architecture but the wide support of RSVP on routers and OS plays towards its favor.  The major complexity of RSVP starts in the core where the number of flows increases drastically, but in access where the flows are limited, it can efficiently be used.

In the work I make relevant changes to terminate RSVP in the ingress access and start a AQUILA session on the edge router for core and then re-start RSVP on egress to complete edge to edge QoS. In further work I would try to prove that this solution is better than pure RSVP solution.
I think the work might be of interest to NSIS for further discussion.

Regards,
Sandeep Misra.


-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sandeep Misra 
ICN WN CC NA A19 
Siemens AG
Hofmannstr. 51, 
D-81379 Munich. 
Tel(O) : +49 89 72258443 
Project AQUILA : http://www.ist-aquila.org
Core Team Member - Siemens InterGreat : http://intranet.icn.siemens.de/intergreat
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Melinda Shore" <mshore@cisco.com>,
        "Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>
Cc: <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages 
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hi melinda,
hi ruediger!

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Melinda Shore [mailto:mshore@cisco.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, November 06, 2002 4:30 PM
> To: Geib, Ruediger
> Cc: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of
> signaling messages
>
>
> > To me, a simple relay doesn't have to operate encryption.
>
> The correct answer to any technical question is "it
> depends," and I think it this case it comes down to
> depending on how the application layer is split from the
> transport layer, what information is contained in the
> transport layer, and if the information that a relay would
> need to forward the message correctly is itself encrypted.

basically we can not give a concrete answer to it. if you can clearly
specify what the function of a relay is then it might be easier to give an
answer for it.

for example:
if the only purpose of the relay is to forward the message without
processing nsis specific parts then there is no reason to have this entity
as a nsis node. if the relay might even modify the message then there is no
reason why not to treat it as a regular nsis entity.

>
> My suspicion is that the information one might want to
> protect from prying eyes will tend to be carried in the
> application, and that any information that could be derived
> from looking at transport layer daya could also be derived
> from traffic analysis.

if someone want to apply security only at the application layer then
- you might restrict yourself to a limited number of security mechanisms
(cms would be a good choice)
- you will not receive protection for the transport relevant parts.

btw: ipsec even protects the transport layer vs. tls provides protection
above the transport layer (i.e. it does not protect the transport layer
header fields).

instead of discussing security at the transport or the application layer it
would suggest to consider the question of peer-to-peer vs. non peer-to-peer
protection first. if people think that there is need for non peer-to-peer
protection then some type of "application layer" security mechanisms have to
be introduced anyway.

ciao
hannes

>
> Melinda

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From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com> 
   of "Thu, 07 Nov 2002 14:43:10 +0100." <AEEILPKNDIPNCIJFPMADAEJHDEAA.Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com> 
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> the issue i wanted to raise is that key management still has to be discussed
> differently to the type of protection later offered.

Absolutely, and this is where many other IETF documents
leave something (ahem) to be desired.  But still, you can't
talk about key management completely independently of the
security protocol.  As I said, I think for the purposes of
requirements and framework it is probably best to identify
what the context and broad criteria for the decision will
be.  For example, issues like the ability to operate across
domains come into play.  This is where your threat analysis
document becomes very useful.

Melinda
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From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Melinda Shore" <mshore@cisco.com>
Cc: "Bob Braden" <braden@ISI.EDU>, <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management 
Date: Thu, 7 Nov 2002 16:00:47 +0100
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hi melinda!

i agree with you that key managment is a very important issue for nsis. as
you mentioned there are some areas which deserve particular attention when
it comes to deployment issues. especially the area of inter-domain and the
first-peer communication is difficult. for intra-domain there is a large
degree of freedom for a network operator to chose whatever mechanism and key
management infrastructure is best suitable.

considering the large number of scenarios and applications where nsis
should/could be used it is difficult to specify exact requirements.
proposing only a single mechanism might be good in some environments but
might not fit for others. hence my personal opinion is to use some ietf
standardised mechanisms which give some degree of freedom. ipsec is an
example of such a protocol. it only worries about protection of data
traffic. it gives a network architect (or network operator) the possiblity
to either choose between ike (and the different authentication mechanisms),
son-of-ike and kink (kerberos based). packetcable peoplemight for example
want to use ipsec (and kink as key management protocol) to protect nsis
signaling messages whereas telecom people might not want to use kerberos to
authenticate their users.

ciao
hannes

>
> > the issue i wanted to raise is that key management still has to
> be discussed
> > differently to the type of protection later offered.
>
> Absolutely, and this is where many other IETF documents
> leave something (ahem) to be desired.  But still, you can't
> talk about key management completely independently of the
> security protocol.  As I said, I think for the purposes of
> requirements and framework it is probably best to identify
> what the context and broad criteria for the decision will
> be.  For example, issues like the ability to operate across
> domains come into play.  This is where your threat analysis
> document becomes very useful.
>
> Melinda

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From: "Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>
To: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
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Hello Hannes,

my comments in line

>>> Marcus:
>>> And the number space for the reservation id could be 5-dimensionl
>>> containing src/dest addr, ports, and proto number...

>> Rüdiger:
>> Yes, that's kind of the largest possible reservation ID.

> Hannes:
> that's probably a bad choice since it changes due to
> - movement
> - ipsec encryption
> - other tunneling techniques
> - ipv4/ipv6 transition
> etc.

Rüdiger:
In general, I'd regard the so called "flow identifier" as the
largest possible reservation ID, no matter how it looks like.
 
>>> Marcus:
>>> but it can also be derived from any other information
>>> or chosen randomly etc.

>> Rüdiger:
>> I disagree. The reservation ID must be non ambiguous. A part
>> of it may be assigned randomly. A simple solution may be
>> reservation ID = source address + random number.

> Hannes: 
> which source address? home address / care-of address
> if home address then what happens without mobility.
> if care-of address then there is a mobility problem.
> both?

I think the care-of address will do. As I've explained 
in another message, I'd expect signaling with complete 
flow ID should the latter change. That will solve the 
mobility problem. 

The above is valid for sender based reservations. Things
may look different for receiver based schemes like RSVP 
in combination with mobility.

I'm not deeply into mobility. The flow towards a mobile 
terminal once was routed to the home address and from 
there to the care-of address. If it is still like that, 
our signaling protocol must care about the issue. 
Wouldn't a reservation ID be helpful then?

Regards, Rüdiger 



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To: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com
cc: "Bob Braden" <braden@ISI.EDU>, nsis@ietf.org
From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com> 
   of "Thu, 07 Nov 2002 16:00:47 +0100." <AEEILPKNDIPNCIJFPMADMEJNDEAA.Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com> 
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> considering the large number of scenarios and applications where nsis
> should/could be used it is difficult to specify exact requirements.
> proposing only a single mechanism might be good in some environments but
> might not fit for others. hence my personal opinion is to use some ietf
> standardised mechanisms which give some degree of freedom. 

While I agree with both points I don't think that one
follows from the other.  Again, I think that we need to lay
out the context and trade-offs.  We know from experience
that "just use IPSec" isn't going to lead to interoperable,
secure, implementable specifications.  The decisions that
are ultimately made about key management will hinge on 1)
the specific keying problems we're trying to solve, and 2)
the security protocol(s) this is/are selected to protect
both the transport layer and the application.  

BTW, we should think about the performance implications of
doing a key exchange in the transport layer + a key exchange
in the application layer.  It may be desirable (more
efficient) to use a secure channel established in the
transport layer to do keying for the application, and that
has implications for how the transport is secured (i.e. it
relies on confidentiality protection).

Melinda

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Reply-To: <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Melinda Shore" <mshore@cisco.com>
Cc: "Bob Braden" <braden@ISI.EDU>, <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management 
Date: Thu, 7 Nov 2002 17:13:56 +0100
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hi melinda!

please find my comments inline:

> > considering the large number of scenarios and applications where nsis
> > should/could be used it is difficult to specify exact requirements.
> > proposing only a single mechanism might be good in some environments but
> > might not fit for others. hence my personal opinion is to use some ietf
> > standardised mechanisms which give some degree of freedom.
>
> While I agree with both points I don't think that one
> follows from the other.  Again, I think that we need to lay
> out the context and trade-offs.  We know from experience
> that "just use IPSec" isn't going to lead to interoperable,
> secure, implementable specifications.
i agree with you that it is not just that simple. i, however, favor an
approach where standard mechanisms are used as far as possible. this saves
both work and mistakes.


>  The decisions that
> are ultimately made about key management will hinge on 1)
> the specific keying problems we're trying to solve,
what do you mean by keying problem. do you refer to symmetric vs. asymmetric
cryptography?

> and 2)
> the security protocol(s) this is/are selected to protect
> both the transport layer and the application.
true. i can agree to that.

>
> BTW, we should think about the performance implications of
> doing a key exchange in the transport layer + a key exchange
> in the application layer.

we should always keep performance in mind. hence i argue that it might not
the most performance efficient approach to have security at both layers if
they terminate at the same endpoints.

we should, however, have no illusion about the fact that an authentication
and key exchange is associated with some cost. keys and security
associations do not appear by magic.

related to performance i would also like to point a typical approach in this
area (and other area as well): to establishment a security association which
can then be used to protect signaling messages (or parts of it)
the benefit of this approach is that an authentication and key establishment
is done once. protection of a possibly large number of signaling message can
then done by very efficient means.


>  It may be desirable (more
> efficient) to use a secure channel established in the
> transport layer to do keying for the application, and that
> has implications for how the transport is secured (i.e. it
> relies on confidentiality protection).
what do you mean by keying for the application based on the secure channel?

ciao
hannes

>
> Melinda

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X-Sybari-Trust: 994f4ff8 ca231590 8c40f696 00000138
From: "Vlora Rexhepi (ELN)" <Vlora.Rexhepi@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'john.loughney@nokia.com'" <john.loughney@nokia.com>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt
Date: Thu, 7 Nov 2002 17:28:12 +0100 
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Hi John,

Is this draft really an NSIS WG draft or is it just the 
name that is misleading?

Regards,
Vlora


|-----Original Message-----
|From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org [mailto:Internet-Drafts@ietf.org]
|Sent: Friday, November 01, 2002 2:43 PM
|Cc: nsis@ietf.org
|Subject: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt
|
|
|A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line 
|Internet-Drafts directories.
|This draft is a work item of the Next Steps in Signaling 
|Working Group of the IETF.
|
|	Title		: Analysis of Existing Quality of 
|Service Signaling 
|                          Protocols
|	Author(s)	: J. Manner, X. Fu
|	Filename	: draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt
|	Pages		: 22
|	Date		: 2002-10-31
|	
|This document presents a review of existing protocols for signalling
|the Quality of Service requirements of flows to nodes in an IP
|network. Protocols are reviewed independently and not compared
|against the NSIS requirements document nor to RSVP itself. The
|purpose is to learn from existing work and to avoid common
|misconceptions about the protocols. A further goal is to avoid to
|redesign ideas already implemented in another protocol.
|
|A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
|http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-
|analysis-00.txt
|
|To remove yourself from the IETF Announcement list, send a message to 
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To: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com
cc: "Bob Braden" <braden@ISI.EDU>, nsis@ietf.org
From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com> 
   of "Thu, 07 Nov 2002 17:13:56 +0100." <AEEILPKNDIPNCIJFPMADEEKFDEAA.Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com> 
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> i agree with you that it is not just that simple. i, however, favor an
> approach where standard mechanisms are used as far as possible. this saves
> both work and mistakes.

There's no disagreement here, other than that I think that
the options may be more constrained than you're suggesting.

> what do you mean by keying problem. do you refer to
> symmetric vs. asymmetric cryptography?

No, higher level than that (transforms are mechanism, and we
don't specify mechanism quite yet).  The problems may be
things like establishing secure channels between entities
that don't have pre-existing relationships, or keying across
a potentially hostile network.

> we should always keep performance in mind. hence i argue that it might not
> the most performance efficient approach to have security at both layers if
> they terminate at the same endpoints.

I think we're arguing the same thing, but it still comes
back to decisions that are made in the framework.  For
example, if the transport layer is keying hop-by-hop but you
want NSIS applications (say, NAT communication) to be able
to do bidirectional authentication, you face the problem of
getting keys between the NAT, which may be more than one hop
away from the NSIS initiator, and the NSIS initiator
itself.  

> we should, however, have no illusion about the fact that an authentication
> and key exchange is associated with some cost. keys and security
> associations do not appear by magic.

Of course, but you still need to do the right thing.
Pre-shared keys makes keying cheap but it has other
attributes that might make it unattractive for some
scenarios.  What are the tradeoffs?

> what do you mean by keying for the application based on the secure channel?

What you described above - establishing a secure channel at
the transport layer and letting the application use it to
exchange keys.  But as I've said there may be application
considerations that come into play, like the problem of
authenticating devices multiple hops away.

Melinda
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Reply-To: <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>
Cc: <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation identifier
Date: Thu, 7 Nov 2002 17:44:07 +0100
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hi ruediger!

see my comments inline [hannes]:

> Hello Hannes,
>
> my comments in line
>
> >>> Marcus:
> >>> And the number space for the reservation id could be 5-dimensionl
> >>> containing src/dest addr, ports, and proto number...
>
> >> Rüdiger:
> >> Yes, that's kind of the largest possible reservation ID.
>
> > Hannes:
> > that's probably a bad choice since it changes due to
> > - movement
> > - ipsec encryption
> > - other tunneling techniques
> > - ipv4/ipv6 transition
> > etc.
>
> Rüdiger:
> In general, I'd regard the so called "flow identifier" as the
> largest possible reservation ID, no matter how it looks like.
[hannes] my point of view is that the reservation (or session) identifier
should be something different than the flow identifier. if this is not the
case then no such separation is required.

>
> >>> Marcus:
> >>> but it can also be derived from any other information
> >>> or chosen randomly etc.
>
> >> Rüdiger:
> >> I disagree. The reservation ID must be non ambiguous. A part
> >> of it may be assigned randomly. A simple solution may be
> >> reservation ID = source address + random number.
>
> > Hannes:
> > which source address? home address / care-of address
> > if home address then what happens without mobility.
> > if care-of address then there is a mobility problem.
> > both?
>
> I think the care-of address will do. As I've explained
> in another message, I'd expect signaling with complete
> flow ID should the latter change. That will solve the
> mobility problem.
[hannes] i am not sure to which mail you are referring. in any case i have
the strong feeling that you need to have some sort of session / reservation
identifier which is not subject to change. if you also want to change this
identifier then you need to update it along the entire path. maybe i do not
catch your point.

>
> The above is valid for sender based reservations. Things
> may look different for receiver based schemes like RSVP
> in combination with mobility.
[hannes] are you sure? both sender and receive can move. i guess that there
is still a need for analysis work.

>
> I'm not deeply into mobility. The flow towards a mobile
> terminal once was routed to the home address and from
> there to the care-of address. If it is still like that,
> our signaling protocol must care about the issue.
> Wouldn't a reservation ID be helpful then?
[hannes] doesn't this contradict to your previous argument?

ciao
hannes

>
> Regards, Rüdiger
>
>

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Subject: [NSIS] First bug in: draft-braden-2level-signal-arch-01.txt
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Hi.  We have found the first bug (;-)) in the revised 2level signaling
draft.  The bug is in the definitions of signaling messages xSig()
on page 17: all the messages that carry an SAPUid but NOT an SAPU
should carry a LIST of SAPUids ("SAPUid-list").  This is a signficant
efficiency hack.  It allows a single REFRESH message, in particular,
to refresh a whole boatload of state in one message.  Here is the
revised table of messages:

           xSig(NEW, h-src, SAPUid, SAPU, R)
           xSig(MOD, h-src, SAPUid, SAPU, old-SAPUid, R)
           xSig(TEAR, h-src, SAPUid-list)
           xSig(REFRESH, h-src, SAPUid-list, R)
           xSig(ACK, h-dest, SAPUid-list)
           xSig(NACK, h-src, SAPUid-list)
           xSig(INFO, h-src, SAPUid, SAPU)
           xSig(EVENT, h-src, SAPUid, SAPU)
           xSig(CHALLENGE, h-src, challenge-object)
           xSig(RESPONSE, h-src, challenge-object)
           xSig(ERROR, h-dest, SAPUid-list)

Bob Braden


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.


	Title		: A Two-Level Architecture for Internet Signaling
	Author(s)	: B. Braden, B. Lindell
	Filename	: draft-braden-2level-signal-arch-01.txt
	Pages		: 29
	Date		: 2002-11-6
	
This memo defines an architectural framework for a wide variety of
Internet signaling protocols.  This framework has a two-level
organization: a common lower layer 'transport' protocol together with
a suite of upper-level signaling protocols.  The common lower level
protocol CSTP (Common Signaling Transport Protocol) provides a
transport-like service that may include reliable delivery and soft
state management.  The upper layer protocols, which implement
algorithms and data structures specific to particular signaling
applications, are generically called ULSPs (Upper-layer Signaling
Protocols).  This memo motivates the two-level design and describes
the service model, API, and operation of the lower level CSTP.

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  *> 
  *> I think we're arguing the same thing, but it still comes
  *> back to decisions that are made in the framework.  For
  *> example, if the transport layer is keying hop-by-hop but you
  *> want NSIS applications (say, NAT communication) to be able
  *> to do bidirectional authentication, you face the problem of
  *> getting keys between the NAT, which may be more than one hop
  *> away from the NSIS initiator, and the NSIS initiator
  *> itself.  
  *> 

Melinda,

Hmmm.  Isn't this just another NAT breakage?  Is there a solution to
the problem of authentication through NATs?  Is the problem of
NAT interaction with hop/hop security of signaling fundamentally
different from NAT interaction with, say, IPsec?  I ask because I
really don't understand the problem space here.

Thanks,

Bob
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Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management 
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> Hmmm.  Isn't this just another NAT breakage?  Is there a solution to
> the problem of authentication through NATs?  Is the problem of
> NAT interaction with hop/hop security of signaling fundamentally
> different from NAT interaction with, say, IPsec?  I ask because I
> really don't understand the problem space here.

There are several NAT-related problems with IPSec, and I
don't think they necessarily relate here.  One is the
well-known AH problem.  One that's more closely-related and
maybe could be used as an object lesson in what not to do is
that NAT breaks IKE phase 2 - the addresses being used as
in the ID payload are the inside-of-the NAT addresses.  To
be honest I haven't been following how this is being
fixed by the ipsec working group - I need to check it out.

For identity authentication we're going to match who they
say they are (probably a string of some sort) with the key
that they're using, so we don't depend on addresses at all.
We may even end up relying on certs.  Some of this is going
to depend on how discovery and routing are handled.  I
continue to think that this is something that RSVP got
right, or at least I think it will work for our purposes as
I outlined in the couple of drafts I've written on the
topic.  

Aside from the question of what we use as the basis for
identity I think that we're far, far more likely to be able
to work with NATs if the NATs participate - that is to say,
we can talk to them, authenticate them, and ask them what
our external address will be (for the purposes of embedding
in the payload and calculating whatever checksums or HMACs
are needed).

Melinda
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With respect to hop/hop security in NSIS protocols: you should be aware
of the experience in the RSVP WG.  We were asked, "Why don't you just
use IPsec?", and we wondered why indeed.  Why spend the energy to think
through the issues of getting replay protection right, for example, if
the security folks have already produced a solution? 

It turned out that IPsec as currently defined was not directly
applicable to the hop/hop case.  It seemed quite possible to define a
third form of IPsec for this purpose, but the security folks were not
particularly interested in helping the QoS folks with their problem.
As a result, the RSVP WG was forced to roll their own (RFC 2747).
Maybe that decision can/should be revisited in NSIS.

Bob Braden




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Bob Braden writes:
 > 
 > With respect to hop/hop security in NSIS protocols: you should be aware
 > of the experience in the RSVP WG.  We were asked, "Why don't you just
 > use IPsec?", and we wondered why indeed.  Why spend the energy to think
 > through the issues of getting replay protection right, for example, if
 > the security folks have already produced a solution? 
 > 
 > It turned out that IPsec as currently defined was not directly
 > applicable to the hop/hop case.  It seemed quite possible to define a
 > third form of IPsec for this purpose, but the security folks were not
 > particularly interested in helping the QoS folks with their problem.
 > As a result, the RSVP WG was forced to roll their own (RFC 2747).
 > Maybe that decision can/should be revisited in NSIS.

FYI, Steve Bellovin just published a draft
*-useipsec-00.txt which is probably relevant to
this. Do you happen to recall the reasons why
there was pushback? I suspect I know, but it
would be good to hear it.

	 Mike
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  *> >
  *> > BTW, we should think about the performance implications of
  *> > doing a key exchange in the transport layer + a key exchange
  *> > in the application layer.
  *> 
  *> we should always keep performance in mind. hence i argue that it might not
  *> the most performance efficient approach to have security at both layers if
  *> they terminate at the same endpoints.
  *> 

I don't see an issue here, in terms of mechanism.  The hash code used
for a hop/hop mechanism for integrity or the encryption for confidentiality
can cover the application layer information as well as the transport
layer.  In terms of my model, it can cover the SAPU as well as any fields
of the CSTP header that you want to protect.  So there will be one key.
Of course, all of this is distinct from end user authentication, which
is almost certainly a PK problem.

  *> we should, however, have no illusion about the fact that an authentication
  *> and key exchange is associated with some cost. keys and security
  *> associations do not appear by magic.
  *> 
  *> related to performance i would also like to point a typical approach in this
  *> area (and other area as well): to establishment a security association which
  *> can then be used to protect signaling messages (or parts of it)
  *> the benefit of this approach is that an authentication and key establishment
  *> is done once. protection of a possibly large number of signaling message can
  *> then done by very efficient means.
  *> 

That is indeed a property of hop/hop security.  However, when you say
authentication here, you cannot be talking about user authentication,
you must be talking about NSIS neighbor authentication.

Bob Braden


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To: Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>, nsis@ietf.org, brunner@ccrle.nec.de
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Hi,

A comment on scope/layering of this reservation identifier thing (if it ever exists):
 
>   *> So reformulating the requirement into "An NSIS protocol 
> MUST support a 
>   *> reservation identifer" would solve the first one. 
> 
> OK, although I would say "MUST be able to support".
> 
> BTW, a reservation identifier is presumably a multi-hop 
> thing, so in my
> 2-level model it is a creature of ULSP, i.e., it is carried in an
> SAPU.  That's good, because non-QoS signaling applications probably
> don't have any reservations to identify.

I think we need to work through this.

1. As Marcus has said, we are signalling to set up something, and that something is what we want to identify to be able to manipulate - it doesn't matter if it's QoS (and called a reservation) or something else.

The v6 flow label draft calls this something 'flow state' so this identifier could be a "flow state id". Would that be a better term?

2. My feeling is that this XXX-id would be useful for general signalling applications (i.e. if you use the signalling application in a mobile enviroment, efficiently moving the state is something you want to do anyway). Also, providing the facility might be tricky, and might require subtle interworking with other protocols (e.g. mobility ones). 

In that case, it be better to provide it as a generic service rather than solving the problem for each signalling application.

3. So, wouldn't one want it within the NTLP (lower layer)?
4. Or, should we be thinking of some kind of 'core' NSLP toolkit which has these generic facilities?

Cheers,

Robert H.
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  *> 
  *> I think we need to work through this.
  *> 
  *> 1. As Marcus has said, we are signalling to set up something, and that something is what we want to identify to be able to manipulate - it doesn't matter if it's QoS (and called a reservation) or something else.
  *> 
  *> The v6 flow label draft calls this something 'flow state' so this identifier could be a "flow state id". Would that be a better term?
  *> 
  *> 2. My feeling is that this XXX-id would be useful for general signalling applications (i.e. if you use the signalling application in a mobile enviroment, efficiently moving the state is something you want to do anyway). Also, providing the facility might be tricky, and might require subtle interworking with other protocols (e.g. mobility ones). 
  *> 
  *> In that case, it be better to provide it as a generic service rather than solving the problem for each signalling application.
  *> 
  *> 3. So, wouldn't one want it within the NTLP (lower layer)?
  *> 4. Or, should we be thinking of some kind of 'core' NSLP toolkit which has these generic facilities?
  *> 
  *> Cheers,
  *> 
  *> Robert H.

Robert,

The architectural principle in CSTP is that it operates hop/hop.
This turns out to capture a lot of generic functionality, which is
its benefit.  That does not mean that all generic functionality belongs
in CSTP, particularly generic E2E functionality.

So I can see several alternatives:

(1) Overload CSTP (I mean overload in the technical sense, not the
	pejorative sense) by putting any important generic
	functionality in CSTP.  This effectively gives the CSTP level a
	second major architectural task, in addition to handling
	hop/hop transport.  The effect on the spec would be to add
	calls to the API for the library of generic functionsI.

	Note that my latest draft suggests doing exactly this for the
	interface to routing, which is probably of importance to both
	levels.  However, I think that is a somewhat different case,
	since routing is really a hop/hop issue although it has to
	be available to the ULSP.

(2) Create some additional structure in the upper level, for example a
	library of common generic functions.

I suggest that (2) is architecturally preferable, for the following
reason.  We may expect that over time additional generic functions will
be defined and some will be modified, as the IETF develops different
ULSPs.  But you really don't want to decouple these changes from the
API to the CSTP, which you want to be as stable as possible.

Hope this helps,

Bob Braden
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I will be out of the office starting  07.11.2002 and will not return until
10.11.2002.

Thank you for keeping me informed.
I will respond to your message when I return.



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From time to time, especially just before a meeting, this statement is to
be sent to each and every IETF working group mailing list.
===========================================================================

				NOTE WELL

All statements related to the activities of the IETF and addressed to the
IETF are subject to all provisions of Section 10 of RFC 2026, which grants
to the IETF and its participants certain licenses and rights in such
statements.

Such statements include verbal statements in IETF meetings, as well as
written and electronic communications made at any time or place, which are
addressed to

    - the IETF plenary session,
    - any IETF working group or portion thereof,
    - the IESG, or any member thereof on behalf of the IESG,
    - the IAB or any member thereof on behalf of the IAB,
    - any IETF mailing list, including the IETF list itself,
      any working group or design team list, or any other list
      functioning under IETF auspices,
    - the RFC Editor or the Internet-Drafts function

Statements made outside of an IETF meeting, mailing list or other function,
that are clearly not intended to be input to an IETF activity, group or
function, are not subject to these provisions.
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Subject: [NSIS] Call for help at IETF 55
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Hi all,

One thing that I would like to discuss at IETF 55 is terminology.  A
short 10 minute discussion, capturing some of the terminology discussions
we have had, would be useful.

Anyone interested in pulling together some of the open terms & leading
the discussion?  Send me email.

Thanks,
John
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Comment : RSVP Analysis Draft
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Hi,

> I am currently doing my Master Thesis at Siemens AG, Munich 
> under Dresden University of Technology and work focus is QoS 
> on access networks which is related to the EU project AQUILA 
> (http://www.ist-aquila.org/).
> 
> The thesis also comes up with a comparison between RSVP, 
> YESSIR and Boomerang in access network scenarios and in my 
> study I have come to the conclusion that RSVP in spite of its 
> complex architecture can still be efficiently used in Access 
> and some other architecture in the core network, like AQUILA. 
> Though YESSIR presents a more efficient alternative to RSVP, 
> but due to it being signaled over RTP, only multimedia 
> traffic can be guaranteed QoS, and if traffic independent QoS 
> is required then it does not serve the purpose. Though 
> Boomerang offers a very efficient architecture but the wide 
> support of RSVP on routers and OS plays towards its favor.  
> The major complexity of RSVP starts in the core where the 
> number of flows increases drastically, but in access where 
> the flows are limited, it can efficiently be used.
> 
> In the work I make relevant changes to terminate RSVP in the 
> ingress access and start a AQUILA session on the edge router 
> for core and then re-start RSVP on egress to complete edge to 
> edge QoS. In further work I would try to prove that this 
> solution is better than pure RSVP solution.
> I think the work might be of interest to NSIS for further discussion.

If you could comment on the current Analysis draft and suggest some
text, that would be very helpful.

thanks,
John
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt
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Hi Vlora,

> Is this draft really an NSIS WG draft or is it just the 
> name that is misleading?

It is a WG draft.  I discussed with our ADs about the lack
of progress on some of our charter items, and it was suggested
that a good editor for this work would be important, especially
a non-biased one.  As you know, RSVP has been labeled many
things (not scalable, etc) that are incorrect, so having an
unbiased editor is critical for this work.

At IETF 54, there was general consensus on moving forward
with this work, and taking Xiaoming Fu's document on Multicast
analysis into the WG document.

As I have understood, Jukka was short on time, so he may not
have solicitied input from other folks - however, now would 
be a perfect time to comment, criticize or suggest text to
the document.

thanks,
John
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] First bug in: draft-braden-2level-signal-arch-01.txt
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 10:17:25 +0200
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Thread-Topic: [NSIS] First bug in: draft-braden-2level-signal-arch-01.txt
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Resending this to the list:

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Bob Braden [mailto:braden@ISI.EDU]
> Sent: 07 November, 2002 20:31
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Cc: braden@ISI.EDU; lindell@ISI.EDU
> Subject: [NSIS] First bug in: draft-braden-2level-signal-arch-01.txt

Hi.  We have found the first bug (;-)) in the revised 2level signaling
draft.  The bug is in the definitions of signaling messages xSig()
on page 17: all the messages that carry an SAPUid but NOT an SAPU
should carry a LIST of SAPUids ("SAPUid-list").  This is a signficant
efficiency hack.  It allows a single REFRESH message, in particular,
to refresh a whole boatload of state in one message.  Here is the
revised table of messages:

           xSig(NEW, h-src, SAPUid, SAPU, R)
           xSig(MOD, h-src, SAPUid, SAPU, old-SAPUid, R)
           xSig(TEAR, h-src, SAPUid-list)
           xSig(REFRESH, h-src, SAPUid-list, R)
           xSig(ACK, h-dest, SAPUid-list)
           xSig(NACK, h-src, SAPUid-list)
           xSig(INFO, h-src, SAPUid, SAPU)
           xSig(EVENT, h-src, SAPUid, SAPU)
           xSig(CHALLENGE, h-src, challenge-object)
           xSig(RESPONSE, h-src, challenge-object)
           xSig(ERROR, h-dest, SAPUid-list)

Bob Braden


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.


	Title		: A Two-Level Architecture for Internet Signaling
	Author(s)	: B. Braden, B. Lindell
	Filename	: draft-braden-2level-signal-arch-01.txt
	Pages		: 29
	Date		: 2002-11-6
	
This memo defines an architectural framework for a wide variety of
Internet signaling protocols.  This framework has a two-level
organization: a common lower layer 'transport' protocol together with
a suite of upper-level signaling protocols.  The common lower level
protocol CSTP (Common Signaling Transport Protocol) provides a
transport-like service that may include reliable delivery and soft
state management.  The upper layer protocols, which implement
algorithms and data structures specific to particular signaling
applications, are generically called ULSPs (Upper-layer Signaling
Protocols).  This memo motivates the two-level design and describes
the service model, API, and operation of the lower level CSTP.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-braden-2level-signal-arch-01.txt

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Reply-To: <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Melinda Shore" <mshore@cisco.com>, "Bob Braden" <braden@ISI.EDU>
Cc: <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management 
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 09:51:40 +0100
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hi melinda!

i agree with you that there are problems with nat and ipsec. for a nsis
signaling protocol nat is generally a problem - not only for ipsec. even if
you get a proper security protection (which is possible) then you still have
the problem that you make a reservation for the wrong data traffic. i should
also be pointed out that tunneling solutions to fix this problem have been
proposed. furthermore it should be noted that the problem depends how you
deploy a nsis protocol and nats. if the nat is nsis aware then there does
not seem to be a problem.

your remark regarding rsvp was not clear to me. in rsvp you select your key
for the integrity object based on an ip address.

ciao
hannes

> -----Original Message-----
> From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Melinda Shore
> Sent: Thursday, November 07, 2002 7:59 PM
> To: Bob Braden
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management
>
>
> > Hmmm.  Isn't this just another NAT breakage?  Is there a solution to
> > the problem of authentication through NATs?  Is the problem of
> > NAT interaction with hop/hop security of signaling fundamentally
> > different from NAT interaction with, say, IPsec?  I ask because I
> > really don't understand the problem space here.
>
> There are several NAT-related problems with IPSec, and I
> don't think they necessarily relate here.  One is the
> well-known AH problem.  One that's more closely-related and
> maybe could be used as an object lesson in what not to do is
> that NAT breaks IKE phase 2 - the addresses being used as
> in the ID payload are the inside-of-the NAT addresses.  To
> be honest I haven't been following how this is being
> fixed by the ipsec working group - I need to check it out.
>
> For identity authentication we're going to match who they
> say they are (probably a string of some sort) with the key
> that they're using, so we don't depend on addresses at all.
> We may even end up relying on certs.  Some of this is going
> to depend on how discovery and routing are handled.  I
> continue to think that this is something that RSVP got
> right, or at least I think it will work for our purposes as
> I outlined in the couple of drafts I've written on the
> topic.
>
> Aside from the question of what we use as the basis for
> identity I think that we're far, far more likely to be able
> to work with NATs if the NATs participate - that is to say,
> we can talk to them, authenticate them, and ask them what
> our external address will be (for the purposes of embedding
> in the payload and calculating whatever checksums or HMACs
> are needed).
>
> Melinda
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management
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hi bob!

>
> With respect to hop/hop security in NSIS protocols: you should be aware
> of the experience in the RSVP WG.  We were asked, "Why don't you just
> use IPsec?", and we wondered why indeed.  Why spend the energy to think
> through the issues of getting replay protection right, for example, if
> the security folks have already produced a solution?
>
> It turned out that IPsec as currently defined was not directly
> applicable to the hop/hop case.
i would like to know in which area you saw a problem with ipsec processing.

i see some problems when using ipsec with rsvp: this is related to the path
message.
to protect an rsvp message you would have to install a traffic selector for
ipsec. it cannot be based the destination address or the port since it is
not the one of the next peer. hence if you have more than two choices for a
path you do not know where the message go. in case that you have a single
router (e.g. default router) to which you send your signaling messages then
everything is fine.

>  It seemed quite possible to define a
> third form of IPsec for this purpose, but the security folks were not
> particularly interested in helping the QoS folks with their problem.
what do you mean by third form?

> As a result, the RSVP WG was forced to roll their own (RFC 2747).
> Maybe that decision can/should be revisited in NSIS.
>

ciao
hannes

> Bob Braden
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
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> nsis@ietf.org
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From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Bob Braden" <braden@ISI.EDU>, <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management
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hi bob!

please find my comments inline:

>
>   *> >
>   *> > BTW, we should think about the performance implications of
>   *> > doing a key exchange in the transport layer + a key exchange
>   *> > in the application layer.
>   *>
>   *> we should always keep performance in mind. hence i argue
> that it might not
>   *> the most performance efficient approach to have security at
> both layers if
>   *> they terminate at the same endpoints.
>   *>
> I don't see an issue here, in terms of mechanism.  The hash code used
> for a hop/hop mechanism for integrity or the encryption for
> confidentiality
> can cover the application layer information as well as the transport
> layer.
that's my argument. i only want to point to this issue since some people
argue that you only need to protect the application layer. you can protect
both layers without a problem. why only to protect one?

  In terms of my model, it can cover the SAPU as well as any fields
> of the CSTP header that you want to protect.  So there will be one key.
this is definitely true.

> Of course, all of this is distinct from end user authentication, which
> is almost certainly a PK problem.
not necessarily. a pk-problem will arise if you want any router/network
along the path to authenticate the user authentication. for the first peer
protection there is no pki problem.



>
>   *> we should, however, have no illusion about the fact that an
> authentication
>   *> and key exchange is associated with some cost. keys and security
>   *> associations do not appear by magic.
>   *>
>   *> related to performance i would also like to point a typical
> approach in this
>   *> area (and other area as well): to establishment a security
> association which
>   *> can then be used to protect signaling messages (or parts of it)
>   *> the benefit of this approach is that an authentication and
> key establishment
>   *> is done once. protection of a possibly large number of
> signaling message can
>   *> then done by very efficient means.
>   *>
>
> That is indeed a property of hop/hop security.
this can be considered independently of hop-by-hop security protection.
for example: if you use rsvp and pk-based mechanisms then you do not
establish a security association. hence you have expensive processing every
time you include a digital signature.
in case of kerberos rsvp proposes to store the session key of the ticket to
avoid sending the service ticket every time.

>  However, when you say
> authentication here, you cannot be talking about user authentication,
> you must be talking about NSIS neighbor authentication.
it depends who is the signaling initiator. if the signaling initiator is the
end point then it must be user authentication since otherwise you cannot
perform policy based admission control (+accounting).
in case of other nodes along the path the identity is not the user.

ciao
hannes

>
> Bob Braden
>

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Hello Hannes

> for example:
> if the only purpose of the relay is to forward the message without
> processing nsis specific parts then there is no reason to 
> have this entity as a nsis node. if the relay might even 
> modify the message then there is no
> reason why not to treat it as a regular nsis entity.

My ideas:
The relay should be NSIS aware. It discovers NSIS CSTP neighbors. 
It forwards messages there. This may, but doesn't have to include 
a change in the next hop address. It has to be able to support all 
functions required to keep alive CSTP signaling relations to its 
neighbors (i.e. some operational features).
The relay is not involved into any service management.

Regards, Rüdiger 
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From: "Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'john.loughney@nokia.com'" <john.loughney@nokia.com>
Cc: "'nsis@ietf.org'" <nsis@ietf.org>,
        "Vlora Rexhepi (ELN)"
	 <Vlora.Rexhepi@eln.ericsson.se>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 10:21:36 +0100 
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Hi John

We really want to contribute to the WG draft.
The draft draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-03.txt could be used as 
our contribution to the WG draft.
This draft is located at:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-03.txt 

Best Regards,
Georgios

-----Original Message-----
From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
Sent: vrijdag 8 november 2002 9:12
To: Vlora.Rexhepi@eln.ericsson.se
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] I-D
ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt


Hi Vlora,

> Is this draft really an NSIS WG draft or is it just the 
> name that is misleading?

It is a WG draft.  I discussed with our ADs about the lack
of progress on some of our charter items, and it was suggested
that a good editor for this work would be important, especially
a non-biased one.  As you know, RSVP has been labeled many
things (not scalable, etc) that are incorrect, so having an
unbiased editor is critical for this work.

At IETF 54, there was general consensus on moving forward
with this work, and taking Xiaoming Fu's document on Multicast
analysis into the WG document.

As I have understood, Jukka was short on time, so he may not
have solicitied input from other folks - however, now would 
be a perfect time to comment, criticize or suggest text to
the document.

thanks,
John
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From: "Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'Melinda Shore'" <mshore@cisco.com>,
        "Geib, Ruediger"
	 <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>
Cc: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling 
	messages 
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 10:34:35 +0100 
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Hi all 

I agree with Melinda that encryption, and in general
security issues, could be seen as application layer 
functionality.
This is also applied in the draft:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-proposal-for-rsvpv2-01.txt

Best regards,
Georgios


-----Original Message-----
From: Melinda Shore [mailto:mshore@cisco.com]
Sent: woensdag 6 november 2002 16:30
To: Geib, Ruediger
Cc: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com; nsis@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of
signaling messages 


> To me, a simple relay doesn't have to operate encryption.

The correct answer to any technical question is "it
depends," and I think it this case it comes down to
depending on how the application layer is split from the
transport layer, what information is contained in the
transport layer, and if the information that a relay would
need to forward the message correctly is itself encrypted.

My suspicion is that the information one might want to
protect from prying eyes will tend to be carried in the
application, and that any information that could be derived
from looking at transport layer daya could also be derived
from traffic analysis.

Melinda
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Nov  8 04:54:57 2002
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To: "'Geib, Ruediger'" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages 
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 10:47:16 +0100
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Hi Rüdiger,

> > for example:
> > if the only purpose of the relay is to forward the message without 
> > processing nsis specific parts then there is no reason to have this 
> > entity as a nsis node. if the relay might even modify the 
> message then 
> > there is no reason why not to treat it as a regular nsis entity.
> 
> My ideas:
> The relay should be NSIS aware. It discovers NSIS CSTP neighbors. 
> It forwards messages there. This may, but doesn't have to include 
> a change in the next hop address. It has to be able to support all 
> functions required to keep alive CSTP signaling relations to its 
> neighbors (i.e. some operational features).
> The relay is not involved into any service management.

I don't think a relay node should always be NSIS aware. My understanding
is a CSTP-speaking node before this relay node (along the data path) can
discovery next CSTP hop by its own discovery mechanism; the relationship
between CSTP signaling neighbors is maintained by themselves. Relay-only
node can simply forward the signaling message as a normal IP packet. 

Regards,
Xiaoming
> 
> Regards, Rüdiger 
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> 

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From: "Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
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Subject: [NSIS] NTLP  (e.g., CSTP)  layer features/functionalities?
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Hi all

In my opinion an important issue that we should discuss is 
related to which features/functionalities should be supported 
by the NTLP (e.g., CSTP) layer!

The draft-braden-2level-signal-arch-01.txt could be a 
starting point!

Best Regards,
Georgios
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Bob,

I support your view on the issue. 

Regards, Rüdiger

> The architectural principle in CSTP is that it operates hop/hop.
> This turns out to capture a lot of generic functionality, which is
> its benefit.  That does not mean that all generic 
> functionality belongs
> in CSTP, particularly generic E2E functionality.
> 
> So I can see several alternatives:
> 
> (1) Overload CSTP (I mean overload in the technical sense, not the
> 	pejorative sense) by putting any important generic
> 	functionality in CSTP.  This effectively gives the CSTP level a
> 	second major architectural task, in addition to handling
> 	hop/hop transport.  The effect on the spec would be to add
> 	calls to the API for the library of generic functionsI.
> 
> 	Note that my latest draft suggests doing exactly this for the
> 	interface to routing, which is probably of importance to both
> 	levels.  However, I think that is a somewhat different case,
> 	since routing is really a hop/hop issue although it has to
> 	be available to the ULSP.
> 
> (2) Create some additional structure in the upper level, for example a
> 	library of common generic functions.
> 
> I suggest that (2) is architecturally preferable, for the following
> reason.  We may expect that over time additional generic 
> functions will
> be defined and some will be modified, as the IETF develops different
> ULSPs.  But you really don't want to decouple these changes from the
> API to the CSTP, which you want to be as stable as possible.
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From: "Vlora Rexhepi (ELN)" <Vlora.Rexhepi@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'john.loughney@nokia.com'" <john.loughney@nokia.com>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 11:32:32 +0100 
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Hi John,

|It is a WG draft.  I discussed with our ADs about the lack
|of progress on some of our charter items, and it was suggested
|that a good editor for this work would be important, especially
|a non-biased one.  As you know, RSVP has been labeled many
|things (not scalable, etc) that are incorrect, so having an
|unbiased editor is critical for this work.
I understand. 

|As I have understood, Jukka was short on time, so he may not
|have solicitied input from other folks - however, now would 
|be a perfect time to comment, criticize or suggest text to
|the document.
I still haven't read the draft, but I will do that shortly. 
As Georgios said we can definitely contribute to this draft.

Regards,
Vlora

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Subject: RE: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 12:51:19 +0200
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Hi Vlora,

> |As I have understood, Jukka was short on time, so he may not
> |have solicitied input from other folks - however, now would 
> |be a perfect time to comment, criticize or suggest text to
> |the document.
> I still haven't read the draft, but I will do that shortly. 
> As Georgios said we can definitely contribute to this draft.

That would be great.  I think suggesting text, additional things
to consider, etc. would be extremely helpful.

thanks!
JOhn
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 12:52:10 +0200
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Hi Georgios
> We really want to contribute to the WG draft.
> The draft draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-03.txt could be used as 
> our contribution to the WG draft.
> This draft is located at:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-03.txt 

Great.  Please read the other draft and comment on it.  If you think
you can add text, please contact Jukka and suggest ways to work.

thanks,
John
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Hi all,

It seems that there will be an attempt to provide multicast plus instant messaging 
support for IETF 55.  What this means is that folks can follow the discussion and 
send questions to the NSIS meeting via instant messages.  

At each IETF meeting, two of the working group meeting rooms are equipped
for video multicast and remote participation.  That is, for every IETF
meeting slot, two of the working groups can see and hear the
meeting. For the 55th IETF, in *addition* to the usual network A/V, text
conferencing will be provided for every working group that meets.

What I need to know is, is anyone interested in this?  If so, then we'll 
need someone (in the meeting itself) to act as a moderator.  So, please let me 
know if you are interested in participating this way.  Also, if someone wants 
to volunteer to moderate, that would be great to know as well.

thanks,
John
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Nov  8 06:30:21 2002
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Reply-To: <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>
Cc: <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of signaling messages 
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 12:32:52 +0100
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hi ruediger

if the relay is nsis aware then it terminates security. to forward signaling
messages to another node it again has to provide security processing. hence
it acts a regular nsis node. whether it actually performs for example qos
reservation is not relevant for nsis.

ciao
hannes


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Geib, Ruediger [mailto:Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com]
> Sent: Friday, November 08, 2002 9:38 AM
> To: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 4: Confidentiality of
> signaling messages
>
>
> Hello Hannes
>
> > for example:
> > if the only purpose of the relay is to forward the message without
> > processing nsis specific parts then there is no reason to
> > have this entity as a nsis node. if the relay might even
> > modify the message then there is no
> > reason why not to treat it as a regular nsis entity.
>
> My ideas:
> The relay should be NSIS aware. It discovers NSIS CSTP neighbors.
> It forwards messages there. This may, but doesn't have to include
> a change in the next hop address. It has to be able to support all
> functions required to keep alive CSTP signaling relations to its
> neighbors (i.e. some operational features).
> The relay is not involved into any service management.
>
> Regards, Rüdiger

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hi,
> hi ruediger
> 
> if the relay is nsis aware then it terminates security. to 
> forward signaling
> messages to another node it again has to provide security 
> processing. hence
> it acts a regular nsis node. whether it actually performs for 
> example qos
> reservation is not relevant for nsis.

or at least, not relevant to the NTLP (I think).

r.
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Hello Hannes,

comments are in line. Re-ordered things a little, 
important stuff first.

Regards, Rüdiger

> > Rüdiger:
> > I think the care-of address will do. As I've explained
> > in another message, I'd expect signaling with complete
> > flow ID should the latter change. That will solve the
> > mobility problem.

> [hannes] i am not sure to which mail you are referring. in 
> any case i have the strong feeling that you need to have
> some sort of session  / reservation
> identifier which is not subject to change. if you also want 
> to change this identifier then you need to update it 
> along the entire path. maybe i do not catch your point.

Rüdiger: 
Good point. Non ambiguos and not subject to change. It 
should be based on the home address then.

> > Rüdiger:
> > The above is valid for sender based reservations. Things
> > may look different for receiver based schemes like RSVP
> > in combination with mobility.

> [hannes] are you sure? both sender and receive can move. i 
> guess that there is still a need for analysis work.

Rüdiger:
I'll have to read Michael Thomas draft to get some better 
understanding. 

> > Rüdiger:
> > In general, I'd regard the so called "flow identifier" as the
> > largest possible reservation ID, no matter how it looks like.

> [hannes] my point of view is that the reservation (or 
> session) identifier should be something different 
> than the flow identifier. if this is not the
> case then no such separation is required.

Rüdiger: 
Yes. I wanted to point out that flow ID and 
reservation ID to some extent serve the same purpose. 
I however regard the reservation ID as a smarter 
solution - if it is well defined.
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From: ICN Genesis Mose <ICN-Genesis.Mose@icn.siemens.de>
To: "'john.loughney@nokia.com'" <john.loughney@nokia.com>
Cc: Heinrich.Hussmann@inf.tu-dresden.de, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Comment : RSVP Analysis Draft
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Hi,

Sure, I would try to come up in some time with some more comments on the draft which
might be helpful.

in response to some other queries that I got, probably points which were not clear from 
the first posting:

1.	as I am still writing the thesis so unfortunately at the moment no paper is 
available for further reading. I will be completing the thesis in a month or two and 
then I can send the work for reading. Till that time you may like to have a look at my 
thesis talk slides which would give a better idea of the work:
http://www-st.inf.tu-dresden.de/home/download/pdf/MasterTalk_SM.pdf

2.	there is a typo in the last para of my posting, kindly read it as "end to end QoS" 
instead of "edge to edge QoS", thanks for pointing out

3.	the thesis does study influencing factors like NAT but does not implement a 
solution, also no security issues are dealt with. These could be topics for further work 
though.

4.	the work could contribute to NSIS, in particular, contributing towards the 
Internet Draft on RSVP Analysis, and in general for a end to end QoS solution. The point 
that I wish to put forward is that it might be of interest to use RSVP on access and an 
diffserv enabled architecture in core (like AQUILA) to provide end to end QoS, instead 
of coming up with a altogether new protocol. Of course it is debatable.

Regards,
Sandeep

-----Original Message-----
From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
Sent: Freitag, 8. November 2002 07:56
To: ICN-Genesis.Mose@icn.siemens.de; nsis@ietf.org
Cc: Heinrich.Hussmann@inf.tu-dresden.de
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Comment : RSVP Analysis Draft


Hi,

> I am currently doing my Master Thesis at Siemens AG, Munich 
> under Dresden University of Technology and work focus is QoS 
> on access networks which is related to the EU project AQUILA 
> (http://www.ist-aquila.org/).
> 
> The thesis also comes up with a comparison between RSVP, 
> YESSIR and Boomerang in access network scenarios and in my 
> study I have come to the conclusion that RSVP in spite of its 
> complex architecture can still be efficiently used in Access 
> and some other architecture in the core network, like AQUILA. 
> Though YESSIR presents a more efficient alternative to RSVP, 
> but due to it being signaled over RTP, only multimedia 
> traffic can be guaranteed QoS, and if traffic independent QoS 
> is required then it does not serve the purpose. Though 
> Boomerang offers a very efficient architecture but the wide 
> support of RSVP on routers and OS plays towards its favor.  
> The major complexity of RSVP starts in the core where the 
> number of flows increases drastically, but in access where 
> the flows are limited, it can efficiently be used.
> 
> In the work I make relevant changes to terminate RSVP in the 
> ingress access and start a AQUILA session on the edge router 
> for core and then re-start RSVP on egress to complete edge to 
> edge QoS. In further work I would try to prove that this 
> solution is better than pure RSVP solution.
> I think the work might be of interest to NSIS for further discussion.

If you could comment on the current Analysis draft and suggest some
text, that would be very helpful.

thanks,
John
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Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management 
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> your remark regarding rsvp was not clear to me. in rsvp you select your key
> for the integrity object based on an ip address.

That's what RSVP does but it needn't be what NSIS does.
And again, we'd need to separate out what's done in the
application vs. what's done in the transport, but I think
it's pretty clear that for an application that expects that
it may have a NAT in its path it's undesirable to use an IP
address as the basis for identity.

Melinda
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To: "'Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com'" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>,
        nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 5 Req 5.7.10 Hooks ...
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hi all,

I think it's right that, as an overall goal, we should aim to be able to have NSIS protocols hook into standardised security solutions developed already. Personally, I still think it should be a SHOULD requirement, to emphasise that a practical security solution implies more than just an objective set of security-specific requirements to be fulfilled.

There are three reasons:

*) as already pointed out (including, as referenced in another thread, steve bellovin's useipsec draft), rolling our own solution is going to be hard work and not necessarily leading to a good result;

*) the appropriate type of technique may be strongly dependent on where in the network and what signalling application we are talking about. Therefore, in any case, we should be looking to avoid hard coding any specific key management protocol into the framework or protocol design.

*) from a deployment perspective, we should be aware that administering the identities which are a key part of any key management solution is not a zero cost activity. So, having the ability to re-use existing key management protocols at least opens the door to re-using identity administration which is already being done. Else it's much more likely that people just won't bother at all.

There's actually a lot of potential components "out there", certainly more of them (and more widely available) than 5 years ago - even leaving aside PKIs (sometimes useful), there is a whole AAA capability for users including roaming ones, and more recently activities in places like send w.g. and rpsec. We should be looking to be able to exploit all that.

cheers,

robert h.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hannes Tschofenig [mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com]
> Sent: 06 November 2002 10:37
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 5 Req 5.7.10 Hooks ...
> 
> 
> hi
> 
> marcus raised the question what todo with this paragraph. 
> there are the
> following options:
> 
> a) drop it (without replacement)
> b) replace it by something more concise
> c) move it to the framework
> 
> i would like to get an idea what people think about the 
> possible interaction
> between nsis and key management protocols. i personally think that key
> management is an important topic and should be addressed in 
> the requirements
> somehow.
> 
> ciao
> hannes
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> > Hannes Tschofenig
> > Sent: Monday, November 04, 2002 6:12 PM
> > To: brunner@ccrle.nec.de; nsis@ietf.org
> > Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 5 Req 5.7.10 Hooks ...
> >
> >
> > hi marcus
> >
> > i think that nsis should be able to interact with other 
> protocols (called
> > hooks in this context). other protocols also require such 
> interaction. to
> > make sure that the interaction is actually possible (and 
> that it works in
> > the expected way) a requirement should be specified. is the 
> descripion too
> > fuzzy? should it simply be discussed in the framework only?
> >
> > ciao
> > hannes
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> > > Marcus Brunner
> > > Sent: Friday, November 01, 2002 11:37 PM
> > > To: nsis@ietf.org
> > > Subject: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 5 Req 5.7.10 Hooks ...
> > >
> > >
> > > Req-Draft: Open Issue 5 Req 5.7.10 Hooks ...
> > > --------------------------------------------
> > >
> > > Proposal to remove req 5.7.10 " Hooks with Authentication and Key
> > > Agreement
> > > protocols"
> > >
> > > 5.7.10 Hooks with Authentication and Key Agreement protocols
> > >
> > > This requirement covers two subsequent steps before a signaling
> > > protocol is
> > > executed and the required hooks. First there is a need to 
> agree on a
> > > specific authentication protocol. Later this protocol is 
> executed and
> > > provides authentication and establishes the desired security
> > > associations.
> > > Using these security associations it is then possible to
> > exchange secured
> > > signaling messages.
> > >
> > > The signaling protocol implementation SHOULD provide hooks to
> > > interact with
> > > protocols that allow the negotiation of authentication 
> and key agreement
> > > protocols. Although the negotiation of an authentication and key
> > > management
> > > protocol within the signaling protocol may be outside the scope
> > > it is still
> > > required to trigger this exchange in case that no such security
> > > association
> > > is available.
> > > This requirement originates from the fact that more than one key
> > > management
> > > protocol may be used to provide a security association 
> for the signaling
> > > protocol. Hence the communicating entities must be 
> capable to agree on a
> > > specific authentication. The selected authentication and 
> key agreement
> > > protocol must however be able to create a security association
> > > that can be
> > > used within the signaling protocol.
> > >
> > > Key management protocols typically require a larger number of
> > messages to
> > > be transmitted to allow a session key and the 
> corresponding security
> > > association to be derived. To avoid the complex issue of embedding
> > > individual authentication and key agreement protocols 
> into a specific
> > > signaling protocol it is required that most of these protocols
> > > are executed
> > > independently (prior to the signaling protocol) and 
> although the key
> > > management protocol may be independent there must be a way for the
> > > signaling protocol to access and use available (i.e. already
> > established)
> > > security associations to avoid executing a separate key
> > > management protocol
> > > (or instance of the same protocol) for protocols that 
> closely operate
> > > together. If no such security association exists then there
> > > SHOULD be means
> > > for the signaling protocol to dynamically trigger such a protocol.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > --------------------------------------
> > > Dr. Marcus Brunner
> > > Network Laboratories
> > > NEC Europe Ltd.
> > >
> > > E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
> > > WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
> > > Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
> > > personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
> > >
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > nsis mailing list
> > > nsis@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > nsis mailing list
> > nsis@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> >
> 
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
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> 
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From: "Freytsis, Ilya" <ifreytsis@Cetacean.com>
To: "'john.loughney@nokia.com'" <john.loughney@nokia.com>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Off-site participation at IETF 55 / text conferencing
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 09:20:36 -0500 
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John,

I definitely would like to take advantage of this opportunity.

Ilya

-----Original Message-----
From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
Sent: Friday, November 08, 2002 6:01 AM
To: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: [NSIS] Off-site participation at IETF 55 / text conferencing

Hi all,

It seems that there will be an attempt to provide multicast plus instant
messaging
support for IETF 55.  What this means is that folks can follow the
discussion and
send questions to the NSIS meeting via instant messages. 

At each IETF meeting, two of the working group meeting rooms are equipped
for video multicast and remote participation.  That is, for every IETF
meeting slot, two of the working groups can see and hear the
meeting. For the 55th IETF, in *addition* to the usual network A/V, text
conferencing will be provided for every working group that meets.

What I need to know is, is anyone interested in this?  If so, then we'll
need someone (in the meeting itself) to act as a moderator.  So, please let
me
know if you are interested in participating this way.  Also, if someone
wants
to volunteer to moderate, that would be great to know as well.

thanks,
John
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From: "Freytsis, Ilya" <ifreytsis@Cetacean.com>
To: "'Hancock, Robert'" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>,
        Bob Braden
	 <braden@ISI.EDU>, nsis@ietf.org, brunner@ccrle.nec.de
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
	 dentifier
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 09:42:46 -0500 
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My comments in-line

Regards,
Ilya

-----Original Message-----
From: Hancock, Robert [mailto:robert.hancock@roke.co.uk]
Sent: Thursday, November 07, 2002 5:37 PM
To: Bob Braden; nsis@ietf.org; brunner@ccrle.nec.de
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
dentifier

Hi,

A comment on scope/layering of this reservation identifier thing (if it ever
exists):

>   *> So reformulating the requirement into "An NSIS protocol
> MUST support a
>   *> reservation identifer" would solve the first one.
>
> OK, although I would say "MUST be able to support".
>
> BTW, a reservation identifier is presumably a multi-hop
> thing, so in my
> 2-level model it is a creature of ULSP, i.e., it is carried in an
> SAPU.  That's good, because non-QoS signaling applications probably
> don't have any reservations to identify.

I think we need to work through this.

1. As Marcus has said, we are signalling to set up something, and that
something is what we want to identify to be able to manipulate - it doesn't
matter if it's QoS (and called a reservation) or something else.
[IF] That is right to the point. I just want to add that that something is
separate from the flow but used by the flow. The main value of the
reservation ID in my mind is to enable referencing that something
independently from any other characteristics of the flow.

The v6 flow label draft calls this something 'flow state' so this identifier
could be a "flow state id". Would that be a better term?
[IF] I don't think. See the argument above.
2. My feeling is that this XXX-id would be useful for general signalling
applications (i.e. if you use the signalling application in a mobile
enviroment, efficiently moving the state is something you want to do
anyway). Also, providing the facility might be tricky, and might require
subtle interworking with other protocols (e.g. mobility ones).

In that case, it be better to provide it as a generic service rather than
solving the problem for each signalling application.
[IF] Agreed.
3. So, wouldn't one want it within the NTLP (lower layer)?
[IF] Absolutely.
4. Or, should we be thinking of some kind of 'core' NSLP toolkit which has
these generic facilities?
[IF] I think it is good way to move forward.
Cheers,

Robert H.
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Nov  8 10:22:21 2002
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Date: Fri, 08 Nov 2002 16:24:42 +0100
From: Nguyen Thi Mai Trang <trnguyen@enst.fr>
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Hello,

In the draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt, the definition of sender-/receiver initiated
signaling protocol (page 4) is not clear for me. In fact, the word "inititated"
means "initiate the signaling process" or "initiate the reservation"? Are the
"sender" and "receiver" considered over the data stream?

I take RSVP for example:

For a data stream from A to B (source = A, destination = B), A initiates the
signaling process by sending PATH message. B initiates the reservation process
by sending RESV message.

In comparison with sender-initiated definition in the draft, B initiates the
reservation, then RSVP is receiver-initiated signaling protocol. In comparison
with sender-initiated definition in the draft, A initiates the signaling, then
RSVP is sender-initiated signaling protocol. Therefore, RSVP is both sender- and
receiver-initiated protocol !???

Another question, what does "the triggering instance" means in the sentence
"However, the triggering instance is not specified" ?

Thanks for any clarification,
Mai Trang


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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Fri Nov  8 11:35:20 2002
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From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Melinda Shore" <mshore@cisco.com>
Cc: "Bob Braden" <braden@ISI.EDU>, <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management 
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 17:37:04 +0100
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hi melinda!

> > your remark regarding rsvp was not clear to me. in rsvp you 
> select your key
> > for the integrity object based on an ip address.
> 
> That's what RSVP does but it needn't be what NSIS does.
this is certainly a good point. 

> And again, we'd need to separate out what's done in the
> application vs. what's done in the transport, but I think
> it's pretty clear that for an application that expects that
> it may have a NAT in its path it's undesirable to use an IP
> address as the basis for identity.
true. whenever possible one should avoid using ip addresses as identities. 

ciao
hannes


> 
> Melinda
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  *>  > 
  *>  > It turned out that IPsec as currently defined was not directly
  *>  > applicable to the hop/hop case.  It seemed quite possible to define a
  *>  > third form of IPsec for this purpose, but the security folks were not
  *>  > particularly interested in helping the QoS folks with their problem.
  *>  > As a result, the RSVP WG was forced to roll their own (RFC 2747).
  *>  > Maybe that decision can/should be revisited in NSIS.
  *> 
  *> FYI, Steve Bellovin just published a draft
  *> *-useipsec-00.txt which is probably relevant to
  *> this. Do you happen to recall the reasons why
  *> there was pushback? I suspect I know, but it
  *> would be good to hear it.
  *> 
  *> 	 Mike
  *> 

Mike,

I turned to Bob Lindell, who does not suffer from my senior moments.
Here is his summary:


	This is just off the top of my head.  I'll think about it some more.

	1) IPSEC bases security associations on the IP dst address.  RSVP had
	security associations with the next RSVP capable router along the path.

	2) IPSEC did not adequately support multicast at the time (i.e. a
	security association based on a logical (group) destination address,
	rather than a physical unicast destination address).

	Bob

This sounds right to me, too.

Bob Braden

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> 	1) IPSEC bases security associations on the IP dst address.  RSVP had
> 	security associations with the next RSVP capable router along the path.

That still leaves the possibility of establishing IPSec SAs
between individual routers rather than end-to-end.  We've
been talking about doing hop-by-hop security anyway.  

Still, among the things that we need to consider is that for
the NSIS application (or whatever we're calling it today)
that needs security services across hops (end-to-end or
end-to-middle) this effectively means that the transport
layer isn't really secure since some devices that are along
the path but not participating may be decrypting and
re-encrypting (or verifying and re-authenticating) messages
in the transport layer, and they can peer into packet
contents, or change them.

> 	2) IPSEC did not adequately support multicast at the time (i.e. a
> 	security association based on a logical (group) destination address,
> 	rather than a physical unicast destination address).

This is still more-or-less true; the msec working group is
hard at work but I don't think they've gotten any documents
into WG last call yet.

Melinda
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Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management
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  *> From mshore@cisco.com  Fri Nov  8 09:24:37 2002
  *> To: Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>
  *> cc: mat@cisco.com, nsis@ietf.org
  *> From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
  *> Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management 
  *> Date: Fri, 08 Nov 2002 12:24:21 -0500
  *> X-AntiVirus: scanned by AMaViS 0.2.1
  *> 
  *> > 	1) IPSEC bases security associations on the IP dst address.  RSVP had
  *> > 	security associations with the next RSVP capable router along the path.
  *> 
  *> That still leaves the possibility of establishing IPSec SAs
  *> between individual routers rather than end-to-end.  We've
  *> been talking about doing hop-by-hop security anyway.  
  *> 

Melinda,

(Believe me, the RSVP WG really did NOT want to invent any new
security mechanism, and we tried hard to use IPsec. but...)

No, that doesn't help.  A Path message still has the session address as
its IP destination address, not the next hop address, and that is what
IPsec looks at.

  *> Still, among the things that we need to consider is that for
  *> the NSIS application (or whatever we're calling it today)
  *> that needs security services across hops (end-to-end or
  *> end-to-middle) this effectively means that the transport
  *> layer isn't really secure since some devices that are along
  *> the path but not participating may be decrypting and
  *> re-encrypting (or verifying and re-authenticating) messages
  *> in the transport layer, and they can peer into packet
  *> contents, or change them.

I don't understand.  Devices along the path are either NSIS-trusted
and have keys for NSIS neighbors, or they aren't.  Maybe you are
pointing out the inherent insecurity of the transitive trust model,
that worries the security folks?  Sorry if I am missing something.

Bob


  *> 
  *> > 	2) IPSEC did not adequately support multicast at the time (i.e. a
  *> > 	security association based on a logical (group) destination address,
  *> > 	rather than a physical unicast destination address).
  *> 
  *> This is still more-or-less true; the msec working group is
  *> hard at work but I don't think they've gotten any documents
  *> into WG last call yet.
  *> 
  *> Melinda
  *> 
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From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management 
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> No, that doesn't help.  A Path message still has the session address as
> its IP destination address, not the next hop address, and that is what
> IPsec looks at.

Right, but I thought the addressing model is still open.  I
prefer end-to-end addressing myself, but in the new IETF
spirit of including security in protocol gestalt perhaps
this problem might have some bearing on overall protocol design.

> I don't understand.  Devices along the path are either NSIS-trusted
> and have keys for NSIS neighbors, or they aren't.  Maybe you are
> pointing out the inherent insecurity of the transitive trust model,
> that worries the security folks?  Sorry if I am missing something.

Transitivity may work for identity authentication but I'm
less comfortable with it for things like confidentiality.
That is to say, identity (are you are who you say you are?)
is a yes/no question, assuming that you have a high degree
of confidence in the authentication mechanism in every hop
along the path.  

I think that when things like access policy are involved the
question becomes stickier.  Let's say that I've got two NATs
in the path and they belong to two different administrative
domains (they have independent administrative policies).  If
we rely on hop-by-hop security, the first NAT in the path
(with respect to the sender) is going to get a copy of the
second NAT's keying material, assuming that we use some sort
of key exchange rather than either using pre-shared keys or
doing some sort of public-key based key exchange at this
layer, as well, which can be quite costly.  Whether or not
you trust that first NAT with the second NAT's keys is going
to be a matter of policy, and while the question of provable
identity isn't orthogonal to that question it's at least at
a slight tilt.

But again, I think this is a problem for the application,
not the transport.  The transport needs to protect itself
against forgeries, theft of service, etc., and I don't think
it's necessarily the job of the NSIS transport to protect
the NSIS application.  

Melinda
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Melinda Shore writes:
 > > No, that doesn't help.  A Path message still has the session address as
 > > its IP destination address, not the next hop address, and that is what
 > > IPsec looks at.
 > 
 > Right, but I thought the addressing model is still open.  I
 > prefer end-to-end addressing myself, but in the new IETF
 > spirit of including security in protocol gestalt perhaps
 > this problem might have some bearing on overall protocol design.

   #include <std.disclaimer.hopelessly.behind>

   This is not a small point. One of things my draft
   went into at some length is the fact that I couldn't
   figure out what sort of accounting model for lack of
   a better phrase was intended for policy objects. When
   the receiver sends RESV's and there are potentially
   many PEP's in the path, who's responsible for supplying
   those policy objects? I couldn't find any guidance in
   RFC 2750. Are they loaded up front by the receiver,
   or can they be inserted hopwise (sort of a relay model)?
   The one thing I'm pretty certain of is that cross realm
   RSVP with policy will probably not work.

   Also: it's always struck me as odd that it's
   effectively a "receiver pays" kind of model. I understand
   *why* it's that way (RSVP is receiver oriented), but it
   still strike me as odd. Maybe I'm bellheaded and haven't
   be properly enlightened, but it seems worth considering
   at least both kinds of "pay" models.

   Please go easy on me for using hot button words
   like "pay" and "accounting" etc... I mean them
   metaphorically...

		Mike
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  *> 
  *> > No, that doesn't help.  A Path message still has the session address as
  *> > its IP destination address, not the next hop address, and that is what
  *> > IPsec looks at.
  *> 
  *> Right, but I thought the addressing model is still open.  I
  *> prefer end-to-end addressing myself, but in the new IETF
  *> spirit of including security in protocol gestalt perhaps
  *> this problem might have some bearing on overall protocol design.

OK, that's fair. 

Bob
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  *> 
  *>    This is not a small point. One of things my draft

Agreed.  In the end, this is why RSVP today is used in enterprise
networking but not in the general Internet.  You cannot in general have
QoS without some sort of policy pushback, either administrative (in a
corporation) or financial (in the Internet).

  *>    went into at some length is the fact that I couldn't
  *>    figure out what sort of accounting model for lack of
  *>    a better phrase was intended for policy objects. When
  *>    the receiver sends RESV's and there are potentially
  *>    many PEP's in the path, who's responsible for supplying
  *>    those policy objects? I couldn't find any guidance in
  *>    RFC 2750. Are they loaded up front by the receiver,
  *>    or can they be inserted hopwise (sort of a relay model)?

Policy objects that contain user certificates might be supplied by
the entities that initiate the signaling, e.g., the end systems.
Or they might be supplied at administrative boundaries, e.g.,
a corporation might supply the policy object when a reservation
crosses the border into the ISP.  These alternatives were discussed
in papers and documents a few years ago.  Shai Herzog, who played
a key role in starting the COPS work, wrote and talked about these
issues, during his thesis work under Deborah Estrin.

However, to make this real requires a set of multilateral agreements on
economic and policy models, and there has not been the will to make
that happen.  There is also an issue of a forum to do this
administrative design; the IETF is not really suitable.  It would
be easier if the Internet, like the phone system, had started as a
commercial monopoly and later broke up.

  *>    The one thing I'm pretty certain of is that cross realm
  *>    RSVP with policy will probably not work.

I don't see a technical protocol problem, only a problem of agreeing on
policies and procedures.

  *> 
  *>    Also: it's always struck me as odd that it's
  *>    effectively a "receiver pays" kind of model. I understand
  *>    *why* it's that way (RSVP is receiver oriented), but it
  *>    still strike me as odd. Maybe I'm bellheaded and haven't

The receiver-pays model was suited to support video broadcasting in the
Internet.  It also has scalability advantages, for large multicast
groups.   However, I believe that RSVP was actually agnostic about
this; the payment could be based on Policy objects carried downstream
in Path mesasges, giving a sender-pays model.

  *>    be properly enlightened, but it seems worth considering
  *>    at least both kinds of "pay" models.
  *> 
  *>    Please go easy on me for using hot button words
  *>    like "pay" and "accounting" etc... I mean them
  *>    metaphorically...
  *> 
  *> 		Mike
  *> 

No, au contraire, pay and accounting are inseparable from QoS.

Bob Braden

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Bob Braden writes:
 >   *>  > 
 >   *>  > It turned out that IPsec as currently defined was not directly
 >   *>  > applicable to the hop/hop case.  It seemed quite possible to define a
 >   *>  > third form of IPsec for this purpose, but the security folks were not
 >   *>  > particularly interested in helping the QoS folks with their problem.
 >   *>  > As a result, the RSVP WG was forced to roll their own (RFC 2747).
 >   *>  > Maybe that decision can/should be revisited in NSIS.
 >   *> 
 >   *> FYI, Steve Bellovin just published a draft
 >   *> *-useipsec-00.txt which is probably relevant to
 >   *> this. Do you happen to recall the reasons why
 >   *> there was pushback? I suspect I know, but it
 >   *> would be good to hear it.
 >   *> 
 >   *> 	 Mike
 >   *> 
 > 
 > Mike,
 > 
 > I turned to Bob Lindell, who does not suffer from my senior moments.
 > Here is his summary:
 > 
 > 
 > 	This is just off the top of my head.  I'll think about it some more.
 > 
 > 	1) IPSEC bases security associations on the IP dst address.  RSVP had
 > 	security associations with the next RSVP capable router along the path.
 > 
 > 	2) IPSEC did not adequately support multicast at the time (i.e. a
 > 	security association based on a logical (group) destination address,
 > 	rather than a physical unicast destination address).

   At the risk of putting my foot in my mouth (again!),
   this doesn't make very much sense for hop-by-hop
   kinds of security. As I think Melinda pointed
   out, IPsec is obviously a non-starter for
   anything which requires getting something to
   and from the two RSVP hosts, but I don't see
   how these comments are applicable. for
   hop-by-hop.  For (1), I'd think that it would
   just be a transport mode SA to the next hop,
   and for (2), although the DST address is a
   multicast address RFC 2401 supports that for
   selectors, and I don't think this implies that
   you need group keying between the next hops...

   So, I'm still lost.

	   Mike
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Next Steps in Signaling Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Next Steps in Signaling: Framework
	Author(s)	: I. Freytsis, R. Hancock
	Filename	: draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt
	Pages		: 53
	Date		: 2002-11-8
	
The NSIS working group is considering protocols for signaling for 
resources for a traffic flow along its path in the network. The 
requirements for such signaling are being developed in [2]; this 
Internet Draft will propose a framework for such signaling. 
This initial version provides a model of the entities that take part 
in the signaling. It discusses the considerations that must be taken 
into account in developing the framework, particularly the structural  
options for the structure of such a protocol, and the interactions 
between NSIS and other protocols and functions, including security 
issues. Finally, it includes background material on how NSIS could 
support particular signaling applications. 
It is expected that future versions of this document will distill 
these structural options into a concrete technical framework, and 
material on particular signaling applications and deployment 
scenarios will be moved into separate NSIS applicability statements.

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hi Melinda,

you raised some routing related issues in your first round of framework comments.

> 4.1 Feel quite strongly that interface selection should be
>     handled by IP routing
> 
> 4.5.1 Why do you want to identify "flows" at the NSIS
>     protocol layer?  The text doesn't make a good case for
>     it.  This belongs in the application
> 
> 5.2 Some of this would fall under the rubric "policy
>     routing," which could be mentioned
> 

I think there are a number of inter-related issues here.
If by 'policy routing' you mean 'making a packet forwarding decision based on something in addition to the IP DA' [*], I agree this is the main point at issue in the first half of 5.2. The existence of policy routing of this type presents a set of very hard (possibly insoluble) problems for NSIS-like path-coupled signalling (not all of which are captured in the framework document so far).

I'd be very interested to hear some feedback about how common this is in the real world, and what is actually used other than the IP DA in forwarding lookups.

It's the same reason behind some of the text in 4.1 which you may be referring to. Actually, I think there's no room for disagreement here (or rather, disagreement should be about the more fundamental issue of the addressing model): peer-peer addressed signalling messages will be normally routed, end2end addressed signalling messages will be routed the same way as data traffic would be (which might include policy routing for example). If you think the current text says more (or less) than this, feel free to suggest modification.

So far as 4.5.1 is concerned, the motivation is 2-fold:
1. Nodes may need to do 'standardised' message processing which is independent of any application (e.g. a NAT or SIIT box), so we shouldn't hide the corresponding packet header information inside the application.
2. Because of policy routing, the IP DA alone doesn't define the path, you need this flow identification information as well. If the NTLP is responsible for keeping the signalling on the path, it needs access to this data.
[The other use of the flow identification - to say what packets you actually want to do something to - obviously only needs to live in the application; maybe there are two levels of flow identification needed.]

(1) could possibly be handled by Bob's proposed 'generic core application', but (2) seems to me to be very much an NTLP issue. In any case, it's another layer-interface issue to add to the list.

Hope this has all been meaningful,

Cheers,

Robert H.

[*] I've also seen the term 'policy routing' used to refer to filtering routing protocol (typically BGP) messages according to some policy rules. I don't think we care about this at all in NSIS, provided the resulting forwarding tables are simply DA based.
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management
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hi all,

I think there's a more basic question here than simply 'can we use IPsec for NSIS?'.

If we look at the whole army of available security mechanisms, there are two broad categories:
a) ones which do authentication (and key management) by a bidirectional exchange between a stable pair of endpoints (e.g. a TLS session, IPsec SA, EAP exchange...)
b) ones which rely on a PKI or pre-configured shared keys (or a third party key server) and allow single-shot secure message sending (s/mime and so on), even without knowing the precise identity of the peer you are talking to. These methods are generally either less efficient or less scalable (or both).

On the other hand, the signalling we are talking about in NSIS unavoidably has a component which can only be handled under (b) [path-like messages, especially after a route change and/or sent over an nsis-unaware cloud], but IMHO (b) isn't appropriate to handling all of nsis' security needs. Using techniques from category (a) probably imply building non-trivial association between peers.

I'm well aware that this summary is outrageously abbreviated, but I find it easier to start simple: how much should we tune the structure of NSIS to make securing it easy?

cheers,

robert h.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Michael Thomas [mailto:mat@cisco.com]
> Sent: 09 November 2002 05:59
> To: Bob Braden
> Cc: mat@cisco.com; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management
> 
> 
> Bob Braden writes:
>  >   *>  > 
>  >   *>  > It turned out that IPsec as currently defined was 
> not directly
>  >   *>  > applicable to the hop/hop case.  It seemed quite 
> possible to define a
>  >   *>  > third form of IPsec for this purpose, but the 
> security folks were not
>  >   *>  > particularly interested in helping the QoS folks 
> with their problem.
>  >   *>  > As a result, the RSVP WG was forced to roll their 
> own (RFC 2747).
>  >   *>  > Maybe that decision can/should be revisited in NSIS.
>  >   *> 
>  >   *> FYI, Steve Bellovin just published a draft
>  >   *> *-useipsec-00.txt which is probably relevant to
>  >   *> this. Do you happen to recall the reasons why
>  >   *> there was pushback? I suspect I know, but it
>  >   *> would be good to hear it.
>  >   *> 
>  >   *> 	 Mike
>  >   *> 
>  > 
>  > Mike,
>  > 
>  > I turned to Bob Lindell, who does not suffer from my 
> senior moments.
>  > Here is his summary:
>  > 
>  > 
>  > 	This is just off the top of my head.  I'll think about 
> it some more.
>  > 
>  > 	1) IPSEC bases security associations on the IP dst 
> address.  RSVP had
>  > 	security associations with the next RSVP capable router 
> along the path.
>  > 
>  > 	2) IPSEC did not adequately support multicast at the 
> time (i.e. a
>  > 	security association based on a logical (group) 
> destination address,
>  > 	rather than a physical unicast destination address).
> 
>    At the risk of putting my foot in my mouth (again!),
>    this doesn't make very much sense for hop-by-hop
>    kinds of security. As I think Melinda pointed
>    out, IPsec is obviously a non-starter for
>    anything which requires getting something to
>    and from the two RSVP hosts, but I don't see
>    how these comments are applicable. for
>    hop-by-hop.  For (1), I'd think that it would
>    just be a transport mode SA to the next hop,
>    and for (2), although the DST address is a
>    multicast address RFC 2401 supports that for
>    selectors, and I don't think this implies that
>    you need group keying between the next hops...
> 
>    So, I'm still lost.
> 
> 	   Mike
> _______________________________________________
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> nsis@ietf.org
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> 
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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
To: Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
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Bob,

> Robert,
> 
> The architectural principle in CSTP is that it operates hop/hop.
> This turns out to capture a lot of generic functionality, which is
> its benefit.  That does not mean that all generic 
> functionality belongs
> in CSTP, particularly generic E2E functionality.
> 
> So I can see several alternatives:
> 
> (1) Overload CSTP (I mean overload in the technical sense, not the
> 	pejorative sense) by putting any important generic
> 	functionality in CSTP.  This effectively gives the CSTP level a
> 	second major architectural task, in addition to handling
> 	hop/hop transport.  The effect on the spec would be to add
> 	calls to the API for the library of generic functionsI.
> 
> 	Note that my latest draft suggests doing exactly this for the
> 	interface to routing, which is probably of importance to both
> 	levels.  However, I think that is a somewhat different case,
> 	since routing is really a hop/hop issue although it has to
> 	be available to the ULSP.
> 
> (2) Create some additional structure in the upper level, for example a
> 	library of common generic functions.
> 
> I suggest that (2) is architecturally preferable, for the following
> reason.  We may expect that over time additional generic 
> functions will
> be defined and some will be modified, as the IETF develops different
> ULSPs.  But you really don't want to decouple these changes from the
[reh] did you want that  ^^^^^?
> API to the CSTP, which you want to be as stable as possible.
> 
> Hope this helps,
> 
> Bob Braden
> 
[reh] I see the reasoning here; the final answer to the question seems quite unclear to me at the moment.

(Part of the issue is the name: 'reservation id' should refer to something which an application wants shifted around, whereas we could also talk about maintaining a 'logical path' with this identifier, which took all upper layer state around with it. One question is whether the functionality of this identifier only needs support at specific application aware nodes, or whether e.g. in a mobile network it should be specially supported in an application-neutral way.)

I also noted your draft raises the question of whether we should develop a (using non-judgmental terminology) NTLP API, and I can see the value of that too. When do you think it would be the right time to start doing this?

Cheers,

Robert

PS. FWIW the framework slot in Atlanta will probably concentrate on this 'inter-layer' issue. Please send opinions (that's a general invitation, by the way.)
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   *> > (2) Create some additional structure in the upper level, for example a
  *> > 	library of common generic functions.
  *> > 
  *> > I suggest that (2) is architecturally preferable, for the following
  *> > reason.  We may expect that over time additional generic 
  *> > functions will
  *> > be defined and some will be modified, as the IETF develops different
  *> > ULSPs.  But you really don't want to decouple these changes from the
  *> [reh] did you want that  ^^^^^?

Robert,

Ooops!  No, I didn't!!!  Thanks for catching that.

  *> > API to the CSTP, which you want to be as stable as possible.
  *> > 
  *> > Hope this helps,
  *> > 
  *> > Bob Braden
  *> > 
  *> [reh] I see the reasoning here; the final answer to the question seems quite unclear to me at the moment.
  *> 
  *> (Part of the issue is the name: 'reservation id' should refer to something which an application wants shifted around, whereas we could also talk about maintaining a 'logical path' with this identifier, which took all upper layer state 

Logical path?  I don't get how that relates to the real path that is determined
by IP routing.  Also, the reservation ID corresponds roughly to what RSVP
called a session, and it includes port information as well as path information.
I think we are talking about different abstractions.

around with it. One question is whether the functionality of this identifier o
nly needs support at specific application aware nodes, or whether e.g. in a mobile network it should be specially supported in an application-neutral way.)
  *> 
  *> I also noted your draft raises the question of whether we should develop a (using non-judgmental terminology) NTLP API, and I can see the value of that too. When do you think it would be the right time to start doing this?

As I indicated, I think this is a decision for the WG.  However, I can see
some advantage to first developing the 2-layer model using a generic
API; in this process the generic API will no doubt evolve.  Then when it
seems that the generic API has become stable, define a real API.
(However, the decision might be driven by market forces.)
 
Bob


  *> 
  *> Cheers,
  *> 
  *> Robert
  *> 
  *> PS. FWIW the framework slot in Atlanta will probably concentrate on this 'inter-layer' issue. Please send opinions (that's a general invitation, by the way.)
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To: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
cc: nsis@ietf.org
From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk> 
   of "Sun, 10 Nov 2002 21:52:53 GMT." <76C92FBBFB58D411AE760090271ED41805DF5DC2@rsys002a.roke.co.uk> 
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> I'm well aware that this summary is outrageously
> abbreviated, but I find it easier to start simple: how
> much should we tune the structure of NSIS to make securing
> it easy?

I have to admit that I don't understand this message very
well.  Starting from mechanism is generally a bad idea (and
I have some quibbles about your dichotomy, but that's
another matter).  The place to start is with understanding
the threats (attacks) against the framework, which is where
Hannes' work becomes highly useful.  What sort of keying
infrastructure you use is going to depend on the problem
you're trying to solve - do you have a handful of nodes
participating or thousands?  Are they in the same
administrative domain or not?  Etc.

Melinda

p.s. As an aside, we have to be careful about specifying
what we mean when we talk about "scalability."  A PKI will
scale in the number of nodes it supports but public key
operations are computationally expensive.  The use of
pre-shared keys can reduce the number of messages required
to authenticate and is less computationally expensive, but
it doesn't scale administratively, etc.
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To: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management 
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Hi Melinda,

My point (poorly expressed maybe) is that the framework is currently still something that could be split up pretty well any way you want, so we can't start with an analysis of the threats against its components. Some criteria are needed to motivate the framework decomposition in the first place: what part should security considerations play? And how should those considerations be expressed?

I'd love it if we could stucture the framework any way we liked and then demand it to be securable. But that demand is much more likely to be successful if we make a nod to feasibility at the outset.

Cheers,

Robert H.

PS I believe that the range of security environments we're trying to address is already captured in the requirements, and it is "the lot". Given that we're being discouraged from thinking about fundamentally different basic protocols for different environments, we should be looking for an overall assessment of the impact on the framework decomposition.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Melinda Shore [mailto:mshore@cisco.com]
> Sent: 10 November 2002 22:13
> To: Hancock, Robert
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management 
> 
> 
> > I'm well aware that this summary is outrageously
> > abbreviated, but I find it easier to start simple: how
> > much should we tune the structure of NSIS to make securing
> > it easy?
> 
> I have to admit that I don't understand this message very
> well.  Starting from mechanism is generally a bad idea (and
> I have some quibbles about your dichotomy, but that's
> another matter).  The place to start is with understanding
> the threats (attacks) against the framework, which is where
> Hannes' work becomes highly useful.  What sort of keying
> infrastructure you use is going to depend on the problem
> you're trying to solve - do you have a handful of nodes
> participating or thousands?  Are they in the same
> administrative domain or not?  Etc.
> 
> Melinda
> 
> p.s. As an aside, we have to be careful about specifying
> what we mean when we talk about "scalability."  A PKI will
> scale in the number of nodes it supports but public key
> operations are computationally expensive.  The use of
> pre-shared keys can reduce the number of messages required
> to authenticate and is less computationally expensive, but
> it doesn't scale administratively, etc.
> 
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  *> 
  *>    At the risk of putting my foot in my mouth (again!),
  *>    this doesn't make very much sense for hop-by-hop
  *>    kinds of security. As I think Melinda pointed
  *>    out, IPsec is obviously a non-starter for
  *>    anything which requires getting something to
  *>    and from the two RSVP hosts, but I don't see
  *>    how these comments are applicable. for
  *>    hop-by-hop.  For (1), I'd think that it would
  *>    just be a transport mode SA to the next hop,
  *>    and for (2), although the DST address is a
  *>    multicast address RFC 2401 supports that for
  *>    selectors, and I don't think this implies that
  *>    you need group keying between the next hops...
  *> 
  *>    So, I'm still lost.
  *> 
  *> 	   Mike
  *> 

And I am at a loss for how to explain it more clearly than
Bob Lindell already did.

Bob Braden
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Reply-To: <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Michael Thomas" <mat@cisco.com>, "Bob Braden" <braden@ISI.EDU>
Cc: <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management
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hi mike!

i guess the problem pointed out here is that
- if you want to secure rsvp traffic in a hop-by-hop fashion then you need
to have some traffic selector which knows which ipsec sa to apply. if you
however have more than one possible path then you might experience problems
when selecting the security association since the ip packet is addressed to
the destination and not to the next host (at least for the rsvp path
message).

ciao
hannes


> -----Original Message-----
> From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> Michael Thomas
> Sent: Saturday, November 09, 2002 6:59 AM
> To: Bob Braden
> Cc: mat@cisco.com; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management
>
>
> Bob Braden writes:
>  >   *>  >
>  >   *>  > It turned out that IPsec as currently defined was not directly
>  >   *>  > applicable to the hop/hop case.  It seemed quite
> possible to define a
>  >   *>  > third form of IPsec for this purpose, but the security
> folks were not
>  >   *>  > particularly interested in helping the QoS folks with
> their problem.
>  >   *>  > As a result, the RSVP WG was forced to roll their own
> (RFC 2747).
>  >   *>  > Maybe that decision can/should be revisited in NSIS.
>  >   *>
>  >   *> FYI, Steve Bellovin just published a draft
>  >   *> *-useipsec-00.txt which is probably relevant to
>  >   *> this. Do you happen to recall the reasons why
>  >   *> there was pushback? I suspect I know, but it
>  >   *> would be good to hear it.
>  >   *>
>  >   *> 	 Mike
>  >   *>
>  >
>  > Mike,
>  >
>  > I turned to Bob Lindell, who does not suffer from my senior moments.
>  > Here is his summary:
>  >
>  >
>  > 	This is just off the top of my head.  I'll think about it some more.
>  >
>  > 	1) IPSEC bases security associations on the IP dst address.
>  RSVP had
>  > 	security associations with the next RSVP capable router
> along the path.
>  >
>  > 	2) IPSEC did not adequately support multicast at the time (i.e. a
>  > 	security association based on a logical (group) destination address,
>  > 	rather than a physical unicast destination address).
>
>    At the risk of putting my foot in my mouth (again!),
>    this doesn't make very much sense for hop-by-hop
>    kinds of security. As I think Melinda pointed
>    out, IPsec is obviously a non-starter for
>    anything which requires getting something to
>    and from the two RSVP hosts, but I don't see
>    how these comments are applicable. for
>    hop-by-hop.  For (1), I'd think that it would
>    just be a transport mode SA to the next hop,
>    and for (2), although the DST address is a
>    multicast address RFC 2401 supports that for
>    selectors, and I don't think this implies that
>    you need group keying between the next hops...
>
>    So, I'm still lost.
>
> 	   Mike
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Date: Mon, 11 Nov 2002 18:13:12 +0900
To: Nguyen Thi Mai Trang <trnguyen@enst.fr>
From: MATSUURA Nobuaki <matsuura.nobuaki@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] sender-/receiver-initiated
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
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Hello Mai Trang,

According to the definition in the draft, RSVP seems to be both
sender- and receiver-initiated signaling protocol, as you said.
I think that there should be a receiver-initiated signaling protocol,
in which a receiver initiates the "signaling".

(FYI... may be relevant)
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-matsuura-reverse-lsp-01.txt

Regards,

 Nobuaki

At 02/11/09 00:24, Nguyen Thi Mai Trang wrote:
>Hello,
>
>In the draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt, the definition of sender-/receiver initiated
>signaling protocol (page 4) is not clear for me. In fact, the word "inititated"
>means "initiate the signaling process" or "initiate the reservation"? Are the
>"sender" and "receiver" considered over the data stream?
>
>I take RSVP for example:
>
>For a data stream from A to B (source = A, destination = B), A initiates the
>signaling process by sending PATH message. B initiates the reservation process
>by sending RESV message.
>
>In comparison with sender-initiated definition in the draft, B initiates the
>reservation, then RSVP is receiver-initiated signaling protocol. In comparison
>with sender-initiated definition in the draft, A initiates the signaling, then
>RSVP is sender-initiated signaling protocol. Therefore, RSVP is both sender- and
>receiver-initiated protocol !???
>
>Another question, what does "the triggering instance" means in the sentence
>"However, the triggering instance is not specified" ?
>
>Thanks for any clarification,
>Mai Trang
>
>
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management
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Hi all,

Just as an FYI, I pinged the Security ADs about attending the Wednesday
meeting, so hopefully they can help us out on this discussion.

thanks,
John
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
	 dentifier
To: "Freytsis, Ilya" <ifreytsis@Cetacean.com>
Cc: "'Hancock, Robert'" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>,
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Hi Ilya, Bob, Robert, all,

There seem to be three options each with their pro's and con's:
- specific to each new NSLP: allows separate choice for each NSLP
- generic and a mandatory component of each NSLP: allows consistent choice
for all NSLP, useful for many applications
- generic in the NTLP
If I understand correctly, we are talking about an identifier that is
independent of IP addresses (they could be the flow id for QoS and should
go in the NTLP anyway) and cannot be guaranteed to be needed in all
applications. Given this, I think it would make sense to make it a
mandatory component of each NSLP specification (I am assuming that the
actual user of this id will be NSLP and therefore it would make more sense
to put it there). Maybe we could foresee a flag in the NTLP to indicate
that such an object is present?

Sven.





"Freytsis, Ilya" <ifreytsis@Cetacean.com>@ietf.org on 08/11/2002 15:42:46

Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org


To:   "'Hancock, Robert'" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>, Bob Braden
      <braden@ISI.EDU>, nsis@ietf.org, brunner@ccrle.nec.de
cc:
Subject:  RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
       dentifier


My comments in-line

Regards,
Ilya

-----Original Message-----
From: Hancock, Robert [mailto:robert.hancock@roke.co.uk]
Sent: Thursday, November 07, 2002 5:37 PM
To: Bob Braden; nsis@ietf.org; brunner@ccrle.nec.de
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
dentifier

Hi,

A comment on scope/layering of this reservation identifier thing (if it
ever
exists):

>   *> So reformulating the requirement into "An NSIS protocol
> MUST support a
>   *> reservation identifer" would solve the first one.
>
> OK, although I would say "MUST be able to support".
>
> BTW, a reservation identifier is presumably a multi-hop
> thing, so in my
> 2-level model it is a creature of ULSP, i.e., it is carried in an
> SAPU.  That's good, because non-QoS signaling applications probably
> don't have any reservations to identify.

I think we need to work through this.

1. As Marcus has said, we are signalling to set up something, and that
something is what we want to identify to be able to manipulate - it doesn't
matter if it's QoS (and called a reservation) or something else.
[IF] That is right to the point. I just want to add that that something is
separate from the flow but used by the flow. The main value of the
reservation ID in my mind is to enable referencing that something
independently from any other characteristics of the flow.

The v6 flow label draft calls this something 'flow state' so this
identifier
could be a "flow state id". Would that be a better term?
[IF] I don't think. See the argument above.
2. My feeling is that this XXX-id would be useful for general signalling
applications (i.e. if you use the signalling application in a mobile
enviroment, efficiently moving the state is something you want to do
anyway). Also, providing the facility might be tricky, and might require
subtle interworking with other protocols (e.g. mobility ones).

In that case, it be better to provide it as a generic service rather than
solving the problem for each signalling application.
[IF] Agreed.
3. So, wouldn't one want it within the NTLP (lower layer)?
[IF] Absolutely.
4. Or, should we be thinking of some kind of 'core' NSLP toolkit which has
these generic facilities?
[IF] I think it is good way to move forward.
Cheers,

Robert H.
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Subject: [NSIS] Issue 3: Three security related signaling protocol issues
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hi all

i tried to compile some security issues which arise when looking at
signaling protocols (with RSVP as an example). it would be nice to receive
your comments, corrections and thoughts.

Three security related signaling protocol issues
------------------------------------------------

1. First-Peer Issues

In case of end-to-end signaling an end host starts signaling to its attached
network. The first-peer communication is often more difficult because of the
different requirements and a missing trust relationship. An end host must
therefore obtain some information to start RSVP signaling:

- Does this network support RSVP signaling?
- Which node supports RSVP signaling?
- To which node is authentication required?
- Which identity is used for authentication?
- Which security mechanisms are used for authentication?
- Which algorithms have to be used?
- Where should the keys/security association come from?
- Should a security association be established?

RSVP, as specified today, is used as a building block. Hence these questions
have to be answered as part of overall architectural considerations. Without
giving an answer to this question "ad-hoc" RSVP communication by an end host
roaming to an unknown network is not possible. A negotiation of security
mechanisms and algorithms is not supported for RSVP.

2. Next-Peer Issues

It is often assumed that the next RSVP node along the path is always known.
Knowing your next peer is important to be able to select the key for the
RSVP Integrity object to provide proper protection. In case that an RSVP
node assumes to know which node is the next peer then the following protocol
exchange can occur:

                                 Integrity
                                  (A<->C)    +------+
                                   (3)       | RSVP |
                              +------------->+ Node |
                              |              |  B   |
                 Integrity    |              +--+---+
                  (A<->C)     |                 |
       +------+    (2)     +--+---+             |
  (1)  | RSVP +----------->+      |             |  Error
 ----->| Node |            |Router+<------------+ (I am B)
       |  A   +<-----------+      |       (4)
       +------+    (5)     +--+---+
                  Error       .
                 (I am B)     .              +------+
                              .              | RSVP |
                              ...............+ Node |
                                             |  C   |
                                             +------+
            Figure 1: Next-Peer Problem

When RSVP node A in Figure 1 receives an incoming RSVP Path message then
standard RSVP message processing takes place. Node A then has to decide
which key to select to protect the signaling message. We assume that some
mechanism which is not further specified is used to make this decision. In
this example node A
assumes that the message will travel to RSVP node C. However because of some
reasons (e.g. a route change, inability to learn the next RSVP peer along
the path, etc.) the message travels to node B via a non-RSVP supporting
router which cannot verify the integrity of the message (or cannot decrypt
the Kerberos service ticket). The processing failure causes a PathErr
message to be returned to the originating sender of the Path message. This
error message also contains information about the node recognizing the
error. In many cases a security association might not be available. Node A
receiving the PathErr message might use the information returned with the
PathErr message to select a different security association (or to establish
one). The RSVP Path message therefore provides a number of functions: path
discovery, detecting route changes, learning of QoS capabilities along the
path using the Adspec object, (with some interpretation) next-peer discovery
and possibly security association establishment (for example in case of
Kerberos).

From a security point of view there is a conflict between

- Idempotent messages delivery and efficiency

Especially the RSVP Path message performs a number of functions. Supporting
idempotent message delivery somehow contradicts with security association
establishment and efficient message delivery and size. For example a "real"
idempotent signaling message would contain enough information to perform
security processing without depending on a previously executed message
exchange. Adding a Kerberos ticket with every signaling message is, however,
very inefficient. Using public key based mechanisms is even more inefficient
when included in every message. With public key based protection for
idempotent messages there is additionally a risk of introducing denial of
service attacks.

- RSVP Path message functionality and next-peer discovery

To protect an RSVP signaling message (and a RSVP Path message in particular)
it is necessary to know the identity of the next RSVP aware node (and some
other parameters). Without a mechanism for next-peer discovery an RSVP Path
message is also responsible for this task. Without knowing the identity of
the next peer the Kerberos principal name is also unknown. The so-called
Kerberos user-to-user authentication mechanism is not supported which would
allow the receiver to trigger the process of establishing Kerberos
authentication is not supported. This issue will again be discussed in
relationship with the last-peer problem.

It is fair to assume that a RSVP supporting node might not have a security
association with all possible RSVP nodes in the neighborhood. Especially for
inter-domain signaling or IntServ over DiffServ the number of next-peer RSVP
nodes might be considerably large. Hence a node transmitting a RSVP Path
message might experience difficulties to properly protect the message if it
serves as a means to detect route changes at the same time. It is fair
noting that in a intra-domain case this might be possible due to manual
configuration in case of a dense distribution of RSVP nodes.

Denial of Service Problem

An adversary could continuously flooding a node with bogus PathErr messages.
A legitimate RSVP node would believe that a change in the path took place.
Hence this node would try to select a different security association or try
to create one with the indicated node. Hence an adversary can send a PathErr
message at any time to confuse an RSVP node. If an adversary is located
along somewhere along the path then it might also be possible to
act as a man-in-the-middle adversary if either authentication and/or
authorization is not performed with the necessary accuracy.

3. Last-Peer Issues

This section tries to address practical difficulties when authentication and
key establishment is accomplished with a protocol which shows some asymmetry
in message processing when executed between two nodes. Kerberos is such a
protocol and also the only supported protocol which provides dynamic session
key establishment for RSVP. For first-peer communication authentication is
typically done between a user and some network in the network (for example
the access router). Especially in a mobile environment it is not feasable to
authenticate end hosts based on their IP or MAC address. To show the problem
the typical processing steps for Kerberos are shown for first-peer
communication:

a) The end host A learns the identity (i.e. Kerberos principal name) of some
entity B. This entity B is either the next RSVP node or a PDPor the next
policy aware RSVP node.

b) Entity A then requests a ticket granting ticket for the network domain.
This assumes that the identity of the network domain is known.

c) Entity A then requests a service ticket for entity B which was learned in
step (a).

d) Entity A includes the service ticket to the RSVP signaling message
(inside the policy object). The Kerberos session key is used to protect the
entire RSVP signaling message.

For last-peer communication this processing step theoretically has to be
reversed; entity A is then a node in the network (for example the access
router) and entity B is the other end host. This assumes that RSVP signaling
is accomplished between two end hosts and not between an end host and a
application server. The access router might however in step (a) not be able
to learn the identity of the user's principal name since this information
might not be available. Entity A could reverse the process by triggering an
IAKERB exchange. This would cause entity B to request a service ticket for A
as described above. IAKERB is, however, not supported.

---------------------------------

ciao
hannes

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Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 14:57:15 +0100
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Subject: [NSIS] Issue 1: IPsec protection of RSVP
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hi all

based on our recent discussion about ipsec protection of rsvp signaling
message i tried to write a more detailed text explaining the different
issues. i would be nice to receive some feedback:

IPsec protection of RSVP signaling messages
-------------------------------------------

It was often mentioned that RSVP signaling messages can be protected by
IPsec in a hop-by-hop fashion between two adjacent RSVP nodes. Some RSVP
signaling message require, however, special processing which complicates
IPsec protection. This section tries to describe these complications.

RSVP messages are transmitted as raw IP datagrams with protocol number 46.
It might be possible to encapsulate them in UDP as described in Appendix C
of RFC 2205. Some RSVP messages (Path, PathTear, and ResvConf) must have the
Router Alert IP Option set in the IP header. These messages are addressed to
the (unicast or multicast) destination address and not to the next RSVP node
along the path. Hence an IPsec traffic selector can only use these fields
for IPsec SA selection. If there is only a single path (and possibly every
traffic is protected) then there is no problem for IPsec protection of
signaling messages. This type of protection is not common and might only be
used to secure network access between an end host and its first-hop router.
Since the described RSVP messages are addressed to the destination address
instead of the next RSVP node it is not possible to use IPsec in transport
mode - only IPsec in tunnel mode is possible.

If there is more than one possible path which an RSVP message can take then
the IPsec engine will experience difficulties to protect the message. Even
if the RSVP daemon installs a traffic selector with the destination ip
address then still there is no distinguishing element which allows to select
the correct security association of one of the possible RSVP nodes along.
Even if it possible to apply IPsec protection (in tunnel mode) for RSVP
signaling messages by incorporating some additional information then there
is still the possibility that the tunneled messages do not recognize a path
change in a non-RSVP router. Then the signaling messages would simply follow
different path than the data.

RSVP messages like Resv can be protected by IPsec since they are contain
enough information to create IPsec traffic selectors which allow a
differentiation between different next RSVP nodes. A traffic selector would
then contain the protocol number and the source / destination address pair.

ciao
hannes

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Subject: [NSIS] Issue 2: Implications of IPsec protected data traffic
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hi all

at the last ietf meeting i was asked about the implications of ipsec
protected data traffic for rsvp. please send me your comments.

Implications of IPsec protected data traffic
--------------------------------------------

QoS signaling requires flow information to be established at routers along a
path. This flow identifier installed at each devices tells the router which
data packets should experience QoS treatment. RSVP typically establishes a
flow identifier based on the 5-tuple (source IP address, destination IP
address, tranport protocol type, source port and destination port). If this
5-tuple information is not available then other identifiers have to be used.
IPsec protected data traffic is such an example where the transport protocol
and the port numbers are not accessible. Hence the IPsec SPI is used as a
substitute for them. RFC 2207 considers these IPsec implications for RSVP
and is based on three assumptions:

a) An end host, which initiates the RSVP signaling message exchange, has to
be able to retrieve the SPI for given flow. This requires some interaction
with the IPsec SADB and SPD. An application usually does not know the SPI of
the protected flow and cannot provide the desired values. It can provide the
signaling protocol daemon with flow identifiers. The signaling daemon would
then need to query the IPsec security association database by providing the
flow identifiers as input parameters and the SPI as an output parameter.

b) RFC 2207 assumes an end-to-end IPsec protection of the data traffic. In
IPsec is applied in a nested fashion then parts of the path do not
experience QoS treatment. This problem can be treated as a tunneling problem
but is initiated by the end host. A figure better illustrates the problem in
case of enforcing secure network access:

+------+          +---------------+      +--------+          +------+
| Host |          | Security      |      | Router |          | Host |
|  A   |          | Gateway (SGW) |      |   Rx   |          |  B   |
+--+---+          +-------+-------+      +----+---+          +--+---+
   |                      |                   |                 |
   |IPSec-Data(           |                   |                 |
   | OuterSrc=A,          |                   |                 |
   | OuterDst=SGW,        |                   |                 |
   | SPI=SPI1,            |                   |                 |
   | InnerSrc=A,          |                   |                 |
   | OuterDst=B,          |                   |                 |
   | Protocol=X,          |IPSec-Data(        |                 |
   | SrcPort=Y,           | SrcIP=A,          |                 |
   | DstPort=Z)           | DstIP=B,          |                 |
   |=====================>| Protocol=X,       |IPSec-Data(      |
   |                      | SrcPort=Y,        | SrcIP=A,        |
   | --IPsec protected->  | DstPort=Z)        | DstIP=B,        |
   |    data traffic      |------------------>| Protocol=X,     |
   |                      |                   | SrcPort=Y,      |
   |                      |                   | DstPort=Z)      |
   |                      |                   |---------------->|
   |                      |                   |                 |
   |                      |     --Unprotected data traffic->    |
   |                      |                   |                 |
            Figure 1: Next-Peer Problem

Host A transmitting data traffic would either indicate a 3-tuple
<A,SGW,SPI1> or a 5-tuple <A,B,X,Y,Z>. In any case it is not possible to
make a QoS reservation for the entire path. Similar examples are remote
access using a VPN, protection of data traffic between the home agent (or a
security gateway in the home network) and the mobile node and other. With a
nested application of IPsec (for example IPsec between A and SGW and between
A and B) the same problem occurs.

One possible solution to this problem is to change the flow identifier along
the path to capture the new flow identifier after an IPsec endpoint.

IPsec tunnels which neither start nor terminate at one of the signaling end
points (for example between two networks) should be addressed differently by
recursively applying an RSVP signaling exchange for the IPsec tunnel. RSVP
signaling within tunnels is addressed in RFC 2746.

c) It is assumed that SPIs do not change during the lifetime of the
established QoS reservation. If a new IPsec SA is created then a new SPI is
allocated for the security association. To reflect this change either a new
reservation has to be established or the flow identifier of the existing
reservation has to be updated. Since IPsec SAs have a longer lifetime this
issue does not seem to be a major issue. IPsec protection of SCTP data
traffic might more often require an IPsec SA (and an SPI) change to reflect
added and removed IP addresses from an SCTP association.

ciao
hannes

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To the authors of draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt,

1.- Could you point me to data supporting the sentence that multicast
applications have been used less frequently than unicast?

2.- Even if multicast is used less today, is there data supporting this
trend in the future?

Thanks,

Alejandro

-----Original Message-----
From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org [mailto:Internet-Drafts@ietf.org]
Sent: Monday, October 28, 2002 4:28 AM
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt


A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
directories.


	Title		: Analysis on RSVP Regarding Multicast
	Author(s)	: X. Fu, C. Kappler, H. Tschofenig
	Filename	: draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt
	Pages		: 14
	Date		: 2002-10-25
	
RSVP version 1 has been designed for optimum support multicast.
However, in reality multicast is being used much less frequently than
anticipated.  Still, even for unicast (one sender, one receiver)
full-fledged multicast-enabled RSVP signaling must be used.  As
pointed out in the NSIS requirement draft, multicast would not be
necessarily required for an NSIS signaling protocol.  This draft
analyses ingredients of RSVP Version 1 which are affected by
multicast, and derives how these ingredients may look like if
multicast is not supported in the generic RSVP signaling protocol and
adapt related functionalities accordingly - we call the resulting
feature set 'RSVP Lite', a potentially more light-weight version of
RSVP.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt

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<TITLE>RE: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>To the authors of draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt=
,</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>1.- Could you point me to data supporting the sentence th=
at multicast applications have been used less frequently than unicast?</FON=
T></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>2.- Even if multicast is used less today, is there data s=
upporting this trend in the future?</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Thanks,</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Alejandro</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org [<A HREF=3D"mailto:Intern=
et-Drafts@ietf.org">mailto:Internet-Drafts@ietf.org</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Sent: Monday, October 28, 2002 4:28 AM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Cc: nsis@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Subject: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analy=
sis-01.txt</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Intern=
et-Drafts directories.</FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT SIZE=3D2>Title&nbsp;&nb=
sp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : Analysis on RSVP Regarding=
 Multicast</FONT>
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT SIZE=3D2>Author(s)&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : X. Fu, C. Kappler, H. Tschofenig</FONT>
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT SIZE=3D2>Filename&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01=
.txt</FONT>
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT SIZE=3D2>Pages&nbsp;&n=
bsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : 14</FONT>
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <FONT SIZE=3D2>Date&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : 2002-10-25</FONT>
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>RSVP version 1 has been designed for optimum support mul=
ticast.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>However, in reality multicast is being used much less fr=
equently than</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>anticipated.&nbsp; Still, even for unicast (one sender, =
one receiver)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>full-fledged multicast-enabled RSVP signaling must be us=
ed.&nbsp; As</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>pointed out in the NSIS requirement draft, multicast wou=
ld not be</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>necessarily required for an NSIS signaling protocol.&nbs=
p; This draft</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>analyses ingredients of RSVP Version 1 which are affecte=
d by</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>multicast, and derives how these ingredients may look li=
ke if</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>multicast is not supported in the generic RSVP signaling=
 protocol and</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>adapt related functionalities accordingly - we call the =
resulting</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>feature set 'RSVP Lite', a potentially more light-weight=
 version of</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>RSVP.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>A URL for this Internet-Draft is:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2><A HREF=3D"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-fu-=
rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt" TARGET=3D"_blank">http://www.ietf.org/inter=
net-drafts/draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt</A></FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>To remove yourself from the IETF Announcement list, send =
a message to </FONT>
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</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in</FO=
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<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.</FONT>
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<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Send a message to:</FONT>
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<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>In the body type:</FONT>
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<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>NOTE:&nbsp;&nbsp; The mail server at ietf.org can return=
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rt the command &quot;ENCODING mime&quot; before the &quot;FILE&quot;</FONT>
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late these messages.</FONT>
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Below is the data which will enable a MIME compliant mai=
l reader</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>implementation to automatically retrieve the ASCII versi=
on of the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Internet-Draft.</FONT>
</P>

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From: "Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com>
To: sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
	 dentifier
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 16:04:59 +0100
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Hi Sven,

> If I understand correctly, we are talking about an identifier that is
> independent of IP addresses 

As I've mentioned earlier, the reservation ID must be non-ambiguous within the Internet. Having a reservation ID based on a single IP address (e.g. sender IP address) and a reservation number would be a reasonable choice.

Should the design of the reservation ID be independant of IP addresses, a new regulated ID space may result to ensure non ambiguity within the Internet. I'd prefer protocols without reservation ID in this case.

Regards, Rüdiger
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
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Hi Ruediger,

I have seen your point. First, I think we can assume that the
source/destination IP address will be present in NTLP or NSLP and that we
can combine that one plus the reservation number to the reservation ID.
Assuming that source/destination address are present in NTLP anyhow, this
would reduce the problem to a non-IP address dependent reservation number.
The other issue I have (I may have missed other people's comments) is that
with your proposal you cannot guarantee uniqueness in the presence of NAT.
Then, in principle, it would be possible to have the same ID twice (same IP
address(es) and same reservation number). The possibility would be reduced
if an end-point assembles an ID based on a local IP address and a
reservation ID and NTLP contains IP adresses (those would be translated
with NAT, the original one would remain) but even then I guess you cannot
completely guarantee uniqueness.
What do you think?
Sven.





"Geib, Ruediger" <Ruediger.Geib@t-systems.com> on 12/11/2002 16:04:59

To:   Sven VAN DEN BOSCH/BE/ALCATEL@ALCATEL
cc:   nsis@ietf.org
Subject:  RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
       dentifier


Hi Sven,

> If I understand correctly, we are talking about an identifier that is
> independent of IP addresses

As I've mentioned earlier, the reservation ID must be non-ambiguous within
the Internet. Having a reservation ID based on a single IP address (e.g.
sender IP address) and a reservation number would be a reasonable choice.

Should the design of the reservation ID be independant of IP addresses, a
new regulated ID space may result to ensure non ambiguity within the
Internet. I'd prefer protocols without reservation ID in this case.

Regards, Rüdiger




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Message-ID: <3DD1247E.FFC3B680@cs.uni-goettingen.de>
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 16:55:42 +0100
From: Xiaoming Fu <fu@cs.uni-goettingen.de>
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Alejandro,

Thanks for your questions regarding the I-D.

1- e.g., you may find some multicast deployment data in
http://www.multicasttech.com/multicast_faq.html
"At present (mid-April, 2001), the penetration of multicast into the
commodity Internet seems to be between 3 and 5 per cent."

2- there are a lot of research efforts on multicast since the 1980s, and
there are a number of benefits that multicast could deliver for the
providers and customers, however, like IP QoS, it might be the case we
have to expect a universal deployment of multicast in the Internet as a
relatively long-time process, IMHO.

Cheers,
Xiaoming

"Avella, Alejandro" wrote:

> To the authors of draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt,
>
> 1.- Could you point me to data supporting the sentence that multicast
> applications have been used less frequently than unicast?
>
> 2.- Even if multicast is used less today, is there data supporting
> this trend in the future?
>
> Thanks,
>
> Alejandro
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org [mailto:Internet-Drafts@ietf.org]
> Sent: Monday, October 28, 2002 4:28 AM
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt
>
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
> directories.
>
>         Title           : Analysis on RSVP Regarding Multicast
>         Author(s)       : X. Fu, C. Kappler, H. Tschofenig
>         Filename        : draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt
>         Pages           : 14
>         Date            : 2002-10-25
>
> RSVP version 1 has been designed for optimum support multicast.
> However, in reality multicast is being used much less frequently than
> anticipated.  Still, even for unicast (one sender, one receiver)
> full-fledged multicast-enabled RSVP signaling must be used.  As
> pointed out in the NSIS requirement draft, multicast would not be
> necessarily required for an NSIS signaling protocol.  This draft
> analyses ingredients of RSVP Version 1 which are affected by
> multicast, and derives how these ingredients may look like if
> multicast is not supported in the generic RSVP signaling protocol and
> adapt related functionalities accordingly - we call the resulting
> feature set 'RSVP Lite', a potentially more light-weight version of
> RSVP.
>
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
>
> ttp://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt
>
> To remove yourself from the IETF Announcement list, send a message to
> ietf-announce-request with the word unsubscribe in the body of the
> message.
>
> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the
> username
> "anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After logging in,
> type "cd internet-drafts" and then
>         "get draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt".
>
> A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
> http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
> or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt
>
> Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.
>
> Send a message to:
>         mailserv@ietf.org.
> In the body type:
>         "FILE
> /internet-drafts/draft-fu-rsvp-multicast-analysis-01.txt".
>
> NOTE:   The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
>         MIME-encoded form by using the "mpack" utility.  To use this
>         feature, insert the command "ENCODING mime" before the "FILE"
>         command.  To decode the response(s), you will need "munpack"
> or
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> readers
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>         "multipart" MIME messages (i.e. documents which have been
> split
>         up into multiple messages), so check your local documentation
> on
>         how to manipulate these messages.
>

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Melinda,

more follow up comments:

> 4.2 Writing in para starting "We have a
>    basic design goal" is a little unclear - why not simply
>    state that we assume the following functions will be
>    available by other means and are therefore will not be
>    included in the NSIS protocol?

broadly I probably agree, with some modifications reflecting what has actually happened since the -00 version. The -00 version referred to three out of scope things:

1) since i suspect we are now more open to looking at particular signalling applications, I'm no longer happier about asserting that "Negotiation of service configuration" is out of scope, but instead it's obviously a question specific to the signalling application in question (so this particular factoid probably doesn't need to be mentioned here).

2) "Agreement to use NSIS for signaling" (and initiator selection) being something that happens outside NSIS seems a reasonable assumption, that could now go in 3.3.1.

3) The bit about peer discovery/selection has been clarified anyway, but in any case has nothing to do with upper layer services (I think?). So it should probably move elsewhere (maybe into its own section about how the end to end path actually gets tracked).

Are there other necessary stages in the overall signalling process which we think we should identify as not being NSIS's job to solve? It would be good if we could think of some...

> 6.1 seems to assume the use of an external security protocol
>    aside from key management (IPSec, SSL).  Does it need
>    to?  What about authenticating individual elements?

I think this one has been discussed extensively already. I don't think we have finalised a 'make or buy' decision on security mechanism yet (this could be clarified I guess).

If by "What about authenticating individual elements?" you mean securing individual information elements in messages (a la CMS for example), this should be mentioned. (The original discussion was very much with only the NTLP in mind, for which the technique seems less natural - in other words, this becomes another "what's appropriate for what layer" question.)

> 6.2 I'd restate question as "Does the requestor have
>    permission?"  Payment, etc. may very well not enter into
>    it.  No negotiation!  Request has a yes/no/"no but"
>    answer with possibility of additional information
>    ("these are the nodes that would not satisfy the request
>    and this is the reason they gave"), but negotiation
>    introduces complexity with no real advantages.

We can rephrase the first sentence of 6.2 in terms of "permission" rather than "payment", but I'd like to keep the latter term as well just to wake people up (as Mike has done on the same subject).
OTOH, I don't see that we can absolutely rule out negotiation as part of the process, and in fact, if the NTLP is properly transparent, I don't see any way to write the framework to prevent someone putting it in to the NSLP for their favourite signalling application. Do you?

Nearly done,

Robert H.
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Hannes Tschofenig writes:
 > hi mike!
 > 
 > i guess the problem pointed out here is that
 > - if you want to secure rsvp traffic in a hop-by-hop fashion then you need
 > to have some traffic selector which knows which ipsec sa to apply. if you
 > however have more than one possible path then you might experience problems
 > when selecting the security association since the ip packet is addressed to
 > the destination and not to the next host (at least for the rsvp path
 > message).

Hannes,

A point I brought up in the MIP WG is that there
are two general ways one can envision using IPsec:

1) Use IPsec as a filtering mechanism such that unauthorized
   traffic is not able to make it into the unprotected
   part of the network/kernel/apps. I believe that is the
   model you are suggesting here.

2) You use IPsec as a means of blocking unauthenticated
   traffic (ie, all packets you receive will be bound to
   strong credentials) and you push the authorization
   check up to the app.

The advantage of the second is that you can
divorce yourself from IP address based filtering
and all of the unpleasant side effects that brings
(eg, the slippery slope of IPaddr == identity).

		Mike
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hi mike!

>    #include <std.disclaimer.hopelessly.behind>
>
>    This is not a small point. One of things my draft
>    went into at some length is the fact that I couldn't
>    figure out what sort of accounting model for lack of
>    a better phrase was intended for policy objects. When
>    the receiver sends RESV's and there are potentially
>    many PEP's in the path, who's responsible for supplying
>    those policy objects? I couldn't find any guidance in
>    RFC 2750. Are they loaded up front by the receiver,
>    or can they be inserted hopwise (sort of a relay model)?
>    The one thing I'm pretty certain of is that cross realm
>    RSVP with policy will probably not work.
>

initially i was also confused about the usage of policy objects in rsvp and
their relationship to accouting. then i found the following document written
by shai herzog: Building Blocks for Accounting and Access Control in RSVP.
the document was also published as an ietf draft a long time ago
(draft-ietf-rsvp-lpm-arch-00.txt). it gives a good overview how these
objects are used. you might want to take a look at it.

i have to agree with bob that the receiver-initiated signaling approach of
rsvp does not necessarily mean that the receiver has to pay.

ciao
hannes

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From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Melinda Shore" <mshore@cisco.com>, <nsis@ietf.org>
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Subject: [NSIS] security - transport/application layer
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hi melinda

in one of your previous mails you raised the question of where to apply
security protection:

i try to give an example based on rsvp:

(my) assumptions:
- ip is the transport
- everything else is the application

example:

- the rsvp integrity object does not provide protection of the transport .
- if you use ipsec (if you can) then you would also protect the transport
mechanism of rsvp.

- rsvp also allows a second integrity object to be used: the integrity
object within the policy object. depending on the configuration of your
nodes a rsvp aware node might also be a policy aware node. if so then you
protect your rsvp message with the integrity object and additionally the
policy object with another integrity object. a kerberos ticket in the policy
object might allow key management to support keys maybe (my interpretation)
for both objects.
assuming the a different configuration you would allow end-to-middle
security:

host a <-------> rsvp aware node (not policy aware) <-------> rsvp and
policy aware node

 |-----peer-to-peer--------------|		 |-----peer-to-peer--------------|
 |---------------------------------end-to-middle---------------------------|

if security protection terminates at different places then you need to think
about the key managment for both.

> But again, I think this is a problem for the application,
> not the transport.  The transport needs to protect itself
> against forgeries, theft of service, etc., and I don't think
> it's necessarily the job of the NSIS transport to protect
> the NSIS application.

ciao
hannes

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Reply-To: <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Bob Braden" <braden@ISI.EDU>, <mshore@cisco.com>
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hi bob

it was often mentioned that the chain of trust (=transitive trust) model
breaks if one of the nodes along the path is compromised. this is true, but
it is hard to find an approach which is much better considering the way how
a signaling protocol work. some published qos security paper addressed this
issue and applied additional security protection on top of the hop-by-hop
security protection. unfortunately this might not solve all problem and
additionally introduces performance problems.

the functionality of a signaling protocol might make it difficult to decide
whether something is an attack or a failure behavior.

a short comment to end-to-end security:
i do not believe that end-to-end security for qos signaling is really an
option for the following reasons:
- a signaling protocol requires intermediate nodes to inspect, modify and
add message parts. hence only some non-mutuable fields can be protected or
incremental protection. the meaning for an end host might be questionable.
- protocol operations like proxying might require some sort of delegation.
- applying end-to-end security between two arbitrary hosts might be a
deployment problem in general

if there are some objects which are only relevant for end hosts (and not for
intermediate nodes at all) then why is it necessary to ship them with a
signaling protocol.

ciao
hannes

> -----Original Message-----
> From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Bob
> Braden
> Sent: Friday, November 08, 2002 6:49 PM
> To: braden@ISI.EDU; mshore@cisco.com
> Cc: mat@cisco.com; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management
>
>
>
>   *> From mshore@cisco.com  Fri Nov  8 09:24:37 2002
>   *> To: Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>
>   *> cc: mat@cisco.com, nsis@ietf.org
>   *> From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
>   *> Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management
>   *> Date: Fri, 08 Nov 2002 12:24:21 -0500
>   *> X-AntiVirus: scanned by AMaViS 0.2.1
>   *>
>   *> > 	1) IPSEC bases security associations on the IP dst
> address.  RSVP had
>   *> > 	security associations with the next RSVP capable
> router along the path.
>   *>
>   *> That still leaves the possibility of establishing IPSec SAs
>   *> between individual routers rather than end-to-end.  We've
>   *> been talking about doing hop-by-hop security anyway.
>   *>
>
> Melinda,
>
> (Believe me, the RSVP WG really did NOT want to invent any new
> security mechanism, and we tried hard to use IPsec. but...)
>
> No, that doesn't help.  A Path message still has the session address as
> its IP destination address, not the next hop address, and that is what
> IPsec looks at.
>
>   *> Still, among the things that we need to consider is that for
>   *> the NSIS application (or whatever we're calling it today)
>   *> that needs security services across hops (end-to-end or
>   *> end-to-middle) this effectively means that the transport
>   *> layer isn't really secure since some devices that are along
>   *> the path but not participating may be decrypting and
>   *> re-encrypting (or verifying and re-authenticating) messages
>   *> in the transport layer, and they can peer into packet
>   *> contents, or change them.
>
> I don't understand.  Devices along the path are either NSIS-trusted
> and have keys for NSIS neighbors, or they aren't.  Maybe you are
> pointing out the inherent insecurity of the transitive trust model,
> that worries the security folks?  Sorry if I am missing something.
>
> Bob
>
>
>   *>
>   *> > 	2) IPSEC did not adequately support multicast at
> the time (i.e. a
>   *> > 	security association based on a logical (group)
> destination address,
>   *> > 	rather than a physical unicast destination address).
>   *>
>   *> This is still more-or-less true; the msec working group is
>   *> hard at work but I don't think they've gotten any documents
>   *> into WG last call yet.
>   *>
>   *> Melinda
>   *>
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis

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From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Melinda Shore" <mshore@cisco.com>, "Bob Braden" <braden@ISI.EDU>
Cc: <mat@cisco.com>, <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management - Nat involvement
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hi melinda!

why do you think that a nat might be able to get the key material of a
different nat?

sender <--------> Nat1 <------------> Nat2 <-----------> receiver

if peer-to-peer security is used then  a signaling message is secured
between sender and nat1 and again secured between the two nats. if you only
use peer-to-peer security then the sender trusts the nodes along the path to
work in the expected way. a corrupted nat might for example create a wrong
nat binding and you would not be able to detect it. but this results from
the way how signaling protocols work.

ciao
hannes

> Transitivity may work for identity authentication but I'm
> less comfortable with it for things like confidentiality.
> That is to say, identity (are you are who you say you are?)
> is a yes/no question, assuming that you have a high degree
> of confidence in the authentication mechanism in every hop
> along the path.
>
> I think that when things like access policy are involved the
> question becomes stickier.  Let's say that I've got two NATs
> in the path and they belong to two different administrative
> domains (they have independent administrative policies).  If
> we rely on hop-by-hop security, the first NAT in the path
> (with respect to the sender) is going to get a copy of the
> second NAT's keying material, assuming that we use some sort
> of key exchange rather than either using pre-shared keys or
> doing some sort of public-key based key exchange at this
> layer, as well, which can be quite costly.  Whether or not
> you trust that first NAT with the second NAT's keys is going
> to be a matter of policy, and while the question of provable
> identity isn't orthogonal to that question it's at least at
> a slight tilt.
>
> But again, I think this is a problem for the application,
> not the transport.  The transport needs to protect itself
> against forgeries, theft of service, etc., and I don't think
> it's necessarily the job of the NSIS transport to protect
> the NSIS application.
>
> Melinda
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis

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To: "Michael Thomas" <mat@cisco.com>
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hi mike

please see my comments inline:

> Hannes Tschofenig writes:
>  > hi mike!
>  >
>  > i guess the problem pointed out here is that
>  > - if you want to secure rsvp traffic in a hop-by-hop fashion
> then you need
>  > to have some traffic selector which knows which ipsec sa to
> apply. if you
>  > however have more than one possible path then you might
> experience problems
>  > when selecting the security association since the ip packet is
> addressed to
>  > the destination and not to the next host (at least for the rsvp path
>  > message).
>
> Hannes,
>
> A point I brought up in the MIP WG is that there
> are two general ways one can envision using IPsec:
>
> 1) Use IPsec as a filtering mechanism such that unauthorized
>    traffic is not able to make it into the unprotected
>    part of the network/kernel/apps. I believe that is the
>    model you are suggesting here.
>
> 2) You use IPsec as a means of blocking unauthenticated
>    traffic (ie, all packets you receive will be bound to
>    strong credentials) and you push the authorization
>    check up to the app.
>
> The advantage of the second is that you can
> divorce yourself from IP address based filtering
> and all of the unpleasant side effects that brings
> (eg, the slippery slope of IPaddr == identity).


this is a good categorization. both models related to each other. my
intention at this point was only to raise signaling protocol protection and
not data traffic. there is clearly some relationship to nsis. in case of (1)
i think you speak about secure network access. ip spoofing threats can be
prevented by using this model.

your second model is certainly a resonable approach. you do not really need
ip addresses as identities since you execute an authentication and key
exchange protocol before you can use ipsec sas. these identities can then
also be used for authorization and accounting.

i hope i got your point.

ciao
hannes


>
> 		Mike

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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management - Nat involvement
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Hi Hannes,

> why do you think that a nat might be able to get the key material of a
> different nat?
> 
> sender <--------> Nat1 <------------> Nat2 <-----------> receiver
> 
> if peer-to-peer security is used then  a signaling message is secured
> between sender and nat1 and again secured between the two nats. if you only
> use peer-to-peer security then the sender trusts the nodes along the path to
> work in the expected way. a corrupted nat might for example create a wrong
> nat binding and you would not be able to detect it. but this results from
> the way how signaling protocols work.

So, the Security Area has gone on record that this sort of transitive
trust is inherently insecure, as the sender has know knowledge of the 
entities along the path, therefore is in no possition to assess the
security risk.  As a corrupted or compromised node could inflict much
damage, as the sender assumes that signaling is secured.

Therefore, we cannot reply on peer-to-peer security, but have to be able to
have an end-to-end mechanism.  

John
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Hannes,

Some comments:

> - a signaling protocol requires intermediate nodes to inspect, modify and
> add message parts. hence only some non-mutuable fields can be protected or
> incremental protection. the meaning for an end host might be questionable.

What this means is that the signaling header may need to be unprotected, while
the payload be protected.

> - protocol operations like proxying might require some sort of delegation.

Proxying is officially (or at least unofficially) discouraged by the Secuirty
Area.

> - applying end-to-end security between two arbitrary hosts might be a
> deployment problem in general

Can you suggest why?
 
> if there are some objects which are only relevant for end hosts (and not for
> intermediate nodes at all) then why is it necessary to ship them with a
> signaling protocol.

The above statement confuses me - is your question this:

	" ... necessary to ship them with a hop-by-hop signaling protocol." 

John
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To: <john.loughney@nokia.com>, <braden@ISI.EDU>, <mshore@cisco.com>
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] chain of trust
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hi john.

thanks for talking to the area directors to capture their view. please see
my comments inline:

> Hannes,
>
> Some comments:
>
> > - a signaling protocol requires intermediate nodes to inspect,
> modify and
> > add message parts. hence only some non-mutuable fields can be
> protected or
> > incremental protection. the meaning for an end host might be
> questionable.
>
> What this means is that the signaling header may need to be
> unprotected, while
> the payload be protected.

it depends what payload you are referring to:
- flow identifier (no)
- lifetime (no)
- policy object (no)
- local objects (no)
- something like a adspec object (no)
- qos parameters (don't know / might also be known to both end points)

for nat/firewall traversal i am not really sure what end-to-end actually
means. is the firewall the end or the host to which the messages are
addressed.

i will look at rsvp to see how many parameters are possible candidates for
end-to-end protection. (probably not a long list). question to bob: has
someone ever suggested end-to-end security protection for rsvp?

my conclusion: more investigation is required in this area.

>
> > - protocol operations like proxying might require some sort of
> delegation.
>
> Proxying is officially (or at least unofficially) discouraged by
> the Secuirty
> Area.

interesting to hear this. is this also reflected in the framework document?
avoiding proxy operation also means that something like local reservations
(where the end point is unkown) is also not allowed. this might have some
implications for mobility.

another example:
in some architectures the end host communicates his qos parameters using a
link layer protocol. signaling at the ip layer then starts somewhere at the
access network. this is also a proxy operation.

>
> > - applying end-to-end security between two arbitrary hosts might be a
> > deployment problem in general
>
> Can you suggest why?
key management. many of us followed the mobile ipv6 binding update
discussions.

>
> > if there are some objects which are only relevant for end hosts
> (and not for
> > intermediate nodes at all) then why is it necessary to ship them with a
> > signaling protocol.
>
> The above statement confuses me - is your question this:
>
> 	" ... necessary to ship them with a hop-by-hop signaling protocol."

for example: someone suggested to negotiate parameter to determine who has
to pay for a reservation within a signaling protocol. this negotiation is
purely end-to-end. hence there is a question why it has to be piggybacked on
top of a signaling protocol like nsis.

ciao
hannes

>
> John

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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management - Nat involvement
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hi john.

my question to a requirement for end-to-end security is :
is this a
- "would be nice to have"
- "must be there"
- "the protocol should support it if the security associations (for the two
end hosts) are available?"

ciao
hannes


> -----Original Message-----
> From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, November 13, 2002 10:17 AM
> To: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com; mshore@cisco.com; braden@ISI.EDU
> Cc: mat@cisco.com; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management - Nat involvement
>
>
> Hi Hannes,
>
> > why do you think that a nat might be able to get the key material of a
> > different nat?
> >
> > sender <--------> Nat1 <------------> Nat2 <-----------> receiver
> >
> > if peer-to-peer security is used then  a signaling message is secured
> > between sender and nat1 and again secured between the two nats.
> if you only
> > use peer-to-peer security then the sender trusts the nodes
> along the path to
> > work in the expected way. a corrupted nat might for example
> create a wrong
> > nat binding and you would not be able to detect it. but this
> results from
> > the way how signaling protocols work.
>
> So, the Security Area has gone on record that this sort of transitive
> trust is inherently insecure, as the sender has know knowledge of the
> entities along the path, therefore is in no possition to assess the
> security risk.  As a corrupted or compromised node could inflict much
> damage, as the sender assumes that signaling is secured.
>
> Therefore, we cannot reply on peer-to-peer security, but have to
> be able to
> have an end-to-end mechanism.
>
> John

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Hi Hannes,

> my question to a requirement for end-to-end security is :
> is this a
> - "would be nice to have"
> - "must be there"
> - "the protocol should support it if the security 
> associations (for the two end hosts) are available?"

For the requirement doc, the level I would suggest would be:

 It MUST be able to be possible to secure the signaling 
 end-to-end at the appropriate layer.

What I mean, is that we should analyze the 2 layer split and
see what needs to be protected & at what level. 

thanks,
John
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Hi Hannes,

> it depends what payload you are referring to:
> - flow identifier (no)
> - lifetime (no)
> - policy object (no)
> - local objects (no)
> - something like a adspec object (no)
> - qos parameters (don't know / might also be known to both end points)

Agreed.  Some of these may need to be readable by intermediate nodes,
I am not sure which need to be mutable.
 
> for nat/firewall traversal i am not really sure what end-to-end actually
> means. is the firewall the end or the host to which the messages are
> addressed.

Well, if you are signaling the NAT (for example) I see this as the endpoint.

> i will look at rsvp to see how many parameters are possible candidates for
> end-to-end protection. (probably not a long list). question to bob: has
> someone ever suggested end-to-end security protection for rsvp?
> 
> my conclusion: more investigation is required in this area.

Most definately.
 
> > > - protocol operations like proxying might require some sort of
> > delegation.
> >
> > Proxying is officially (or at least unofficially) discouraged by
> > the Secuirty Area.
> 
> interesting to hear this. is this also reflected in the framework document?
> avoiding proxy operation also means that something like local reservations
> (where the end point is unkown) is also not allowed. this might have some
> implications for mobility.

It is not currently in the framework.  I would like to ask a security person
to look at it an recomend it.

> another example:
> in some architectures the end host communicates his qos 
> parameters using a
> link layer protocol. signaling at the ip layer then starts 
> somewhere at the access network. this is also a proxy operation.

It is a proxy of a sort, but I would not call it a layer 3 proxy.

John
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From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management - Nat involvement 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com> 
   of "Wed, 13 Nov 2002 10:10:27 +0100." <AEEILPKNDIPNCIJFPMADKEMCDFAA.Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com> 
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> why do you think that a nat might be able to get the key material of a
> different nat?
> 
> sender <--------> Nat1 <------------> Nat2 <-----------> receiver

We were talking specifically about transitive trust and
hop-by-hop (at the NSIS transport layer) security
mechanisms.  If we rely on the latter for securing key
exchanges between the sender and Nat2 in order to support
end-to-middle security at the application layer between the
sender and Nat2, the keying material in flight will
decrypted and re-encrypted at Nat1.  That's not really very
secure, and in environments where Nat1 and Nat2 are under
different administrative control it's quite risky.

Melinda
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Subject: [NSIS] Re: chain of trust
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> - a signaling protocol requires intermediate nodes to inspect, modify and
> add message parts. hence only some non-mutuable fields can be protected or
> incremental protection. the meaning for an end host might be questionable.

There is at least one case under consideration (NAT) where a
box in the middle of a network *must* authenticate itself to
the signaling initiator (there may be some issues with
security gateway discovery, as well - I need to think about
that some more).  That has to be protected end-to-end
between the NAT and the signaling initiator.  Now, it may be
possible (probable, even) that we'd have to set up an
additional secure channel between them to do this, but I do
think it's some clear that there are some security problems
here that can't be solved with hop-by-hop protection alone.

> - applying end-to-end security between two arbitrary hosts might be a
> deployment problem in general

Applying hop-by-hop security between two arbitrary devices
isn't going to be any easier.

Melinda
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Subject: Re: [NSIS] chain of trust 
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> Well, if you are signaling the NAT (for example) I see this as the =
> endpoint.

It depends.  For signaling purposes it's not an endpoint,
it's just another NSIS forwarder with peculiar properties.
For the purposes of securing the operation, however, it's an
endpoint in that unlike a router that's being participating
in QoS signaling, the NAT needs to authenticate itself to
the sender, which is an end-to-end operation between the NAT
and the sender.

Melinda
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To: "Melinda Shore" <mshore@cisco.com>
Cc: "Bob Braden" <braden@ISI.EDU>, <mat@cisco.com>, <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management - Nat involvement 
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2002 15:41:34 +0100
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hi melinda!

please see my comments inline:

>
> > why do you think that a nat might be able to get the key material of a
> > different nat?
> >
> > sender <--------> Nat1 <------------> Nat2 <-----------> receiver
>
> We were talking specifically about transitive trust and
> hop-by-hop (at the NSIS transport layer) security
> mechanisms.  If we rely on the latter for securing key
> exchanges between the sender and Nat2 in order to support
> end-to-middle security at the application layer between the
> sender and Nat2, the keying material in flight will
> decrypted and re-encrypted at Nat1.

if you perform end-to-middle authentication and key agreement then you nat1
does not learn the key.

if you provide end-to-middle authentication you still have to provide
peer-to-peer protection. end-to-middle is only an additional protection for
some specific objects. you need to know to whom you send these protected
objects. if you apply
- a digital signature for verification at nat2 then nat1 does not learn any
key
- a keyed message digest (based on a preshared secret) then nat1 does not
learn any key
- a key exchange betwen sender and nat2 then nat1 does not learn they key.

as a more concrete example:
the rsvp integrity object would provide peer-to-peer protection. if you
would include a service ticket for nat2 in the policy data object then this
would be an end-to-peer protection. based on the security of kerberos nat1
would not be able to decrypt the ticket to receive the session key.

>  That's not really very
> secure, and in environments where Nat1 and Nat2 are under
> different administrative control it's quite risky.

ciao
hannes

>
> Melinda

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From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management - Nat involvement 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com> 
   of "Wed, 13 Nov 2002 15:41:34 +0100." <AEEILPKNDIPNCIJFPMADKENADFAA.Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com> 
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> if you perform end-to-middle authentication and key agreement then you nat1
> does not learn the key.

That's not necessarily true.  If we rely on hop-by-hop
security provided by the NSIS transport layer for protecting
the key exchange, it most certainly will learn the key.

> if you provide end-to-middle authentication you still have to provide
> peer-to-peer protection. 

Yes, but it's not sufficient to protect a key exchange
between the sender and Nat2.  Unless we're using pre-shared
keys (and I think that's a baaaaaad way to key this) we're
going to have to do this in the NSIS application and we're
almost certainly going to have to do it out-of-band.  This
is one case, and I think it's not an isolated one, where you
cannot safely assume that trust is transive and where
hop-by-hop security is inadequate for protecting signaling.

Melinda

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To: "Melinda Shore" <mshore@cisco.com>
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hi melinda!

please see my comments inline:


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Melinda Shore [mailto:mshore@cisco.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, November 13, 2002 2:34 PM
> To: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com
> Cc: Bob Braden; mat@cisco.com; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: chain of trust
>
>
> > - a signaling protocol requires intermediate nodes to inspect,
> modify and
> > add message parts. hence only some non-mutuable fields can be
> protected or
> > incremental protection. the meaning for an end host might be
> questionable.
>
> There is at least one case under consideration (NAT) where a
> box in the middle of a network *must* authenticate itself to
> the signaling initiator (there may be some issues with
> security gateway discovery, as well - I need to think about
> that some more).  That has to be protected end-to-end
> between the NAT and the signaling initiator.

i consider end-to-end as a protection between a nsis initator and a nsis
responder. for end-to-end signaling these are usually two end hosts. nsis
iniator to a nat box would then be a end-to-middle authentication.

>  Now, it may be
> possible (probable, even) that we'd have to set up an
> additional secure channel between them to do this, but I do
> think it's some clear that there are some security problems
> here that can't be solved with hop-by-hop protection alone.

i agree with you. this is why i argue that you need some end-to-middle
protection in addition to peer-to-peer security. this peer-to-peer security
might also use different mechanisms.

>
> > - applying end-to-end security between two arbitrary hosts might be a
> > deployment problem in general
>
> Applying hop-by-hop security between two arbitrary devices
> isn't going to be any easier.

i personally think that peer-to-peer protection is much easier than
end-to-end protection for the following reasons:

- intra-domain communication
if you setup your network you exactly know which routers support nsis and
could possibly communicate with each other. in this case even pre-shared
secrets might be used (as rsvp does it today). you can take a look at mpls
networks (and signaling with rsvp-te) to see how the security works and how
difficult it is to setup keys between two adjacent routers.

- first-peer communication
this communication heavily depends on the scenario. for enterprise networks
this is not too difficult because of the higher degree and basically no
mobility. rsvp proposes mechanisms which work. windows 2000 used kerberos in
rsvp for this purpose for their rsvp implementation. packetcable people use
the integrity object.

in the mobile case things are more difficult. some working groups which deal
with this issue is ipsra and pana. especially pana tries to provide a secure
network access. seamoby might also be relevant (and mobileip) since they
also assume something going on between the mobile node and the access
router.

- inter-domain communication
inter-domain qos signaling is an on-going work. security protection might
depend on whether nsis signaling messages are transparent within the core
network. if there is no nsis node in the core network then the signaling
messages are effectively processed at the edges of the access networks only.
in this case there might be a concern regarding key management. but the same
concern might then also be applicable to aaa communication. the accouting
architecture might in general have an impact.

ciao
hannes


>
> Melinda

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From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Melinda Shore" <mshore@cisco.com>, <john.loughney@nokia.com>
Cc: <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] chain of trust 
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hi melinda!

i see that an end host (nsis initiator) has to authenticate itself to a
firewall in many cases. but why should a nat authenticate itself to the
signaling initator? why is it not sufficient to have authentication of the
nat to its nsis peer?

ciao
hannes

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Melinda Shore [mailto:mshore@cisco.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, November 13, 2002 2:41 PM
> To: john.loughney@nokia.com
> Cc: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] chain of trust
>
>
> > Well, if you are signaling the NAT (for example) I see this as the =
> > endpoint.
>
> It depends.  For signaling purposes it's not an endpoint,
> it's just another NSIS forwarder with peculiar properties.
> For the purposes of securing the operation, however, it's an
> endpoint in that unlike a router that's being participating
> in QoS signaling, the NAT needs to authenticate itself to
> the sender, which is an end-to-end operation between the NAT
> and the sender.
>
> Melinda

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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management - Nat involvement 
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hi melinda!

please see my comments inline:

> > if you perform end-to-middle authentication and key agreement
> then you nat1
> > does not learn the key.
>
> That's not necessarily true.  If we rely on hop-by-hop
> security provided by the NSIS transport layer for protecting
> the key exchange, it most certainly will learn the key.

this is the place where concrete examples are useful:

- if you run ike/kink/tls between two nodes then a third node should learn
the key. (except if you send the key to him).

- if you have hop-by-hop protection and additionally a rsvp policy object
(with a kerberos ticket in it) then you do not allow other nodes to learn
the key. an other example: cms can be used for diameter to transport session
keys between a home aaa server to the aaa attendant. these keys are not
revealed to the intermediate aaa server. still there is security protection
between the aaa servers in addition to the cms mechanism.

i guess (and hope) that we do not want to invent a new nsis key exchange
protocol which uses hop-by-hop security to transport keying material.

>
> > if you provide end-to-middle authentication you still have to provide
> > peer-to-peer protection.
>
> Yes, but it's not sufficient to protect a key exchange
> between the sender and Nat2.  Unless we're using pre-shared
> keys (and I think that's a baaaaaad way to key this) we're
> going to have to do this in the NSIS application and we're
> almost certainly going to have to do it out-of-band.

an example:
you can use nsis to transport a cms object. cms allows authentication and
key transport/key agreement. it allows to protect messages with symmetric
and asymmetric mechanisms. if you have configured a pre-shared key (or
exchanged public keys/certificates) out-of-band then this is great. you can
immediately use them.

in some cases you might have some pre-shared secrets or use session keys
with a security mechanism. i would not generally argue that these keys are
bad. in some cases they might be quite useful (for example: if you have
already established a security association).


  This
> is one case, and I think it's not an isolated one, where you
> cannot safely assume that trust is transive and where
> hop-by-hop security is inadequate for protecting signaling.
this is true. that is the reason why i raised the end-to-middle discussion.
also rsvp added it later and it seems to be a useful concept. it might
require some rework (by using existing mechanisms) to incorporate recent
developments.

ciao
hannes

>
> Melinda

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Subject: Re: [NSIS] Key management - Nat involvement 
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> - if you run ike/kink/tls between two nodes then a third node should learn
> the key. (except if you send the key to him).

Do you mean "should not learn?"  Anyway, this is true, but
those are all out-of-band.  If we go back to the original
proposal, that hop-by-hop security should be adequate
because we can rely on the transitivity of trust, we can
find examples where it's not true and where we would need
additional mechanism.  That's all I'm trying to say, and I'm
not proposing inventing anything.

Melinda
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hi melinda!

> > - if you run ike/kink/tls between two nodes then a third node
> should learn
> > the key. (except if you send the key to him).
>
> Do you mean "should not learn?"
capture, retrieve, obtain

>  Anyway, this is true, but
> those are all out-of-band.
do you classify the rsvp policy object type of mechanism as out-of-band?

>  If we go back to the original
> proposal, that hop-by-hop security should be adequate
> because we can rely on the transitivity of trust, we can
> find examples where it's not true and where we would need
> additional mechanism.  That's all I'm trying to say, and I'm
> not proposing inventing anything.
i fully agree with you that peer-to-peer security is not sufficient for all
scenarios. sometimes end-to-middle (or also middle-to-middle) might be
required (there are example especially in the midcom area).

ciao
hannes

>
> Melinda

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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Key management - Nat involvement 
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hi melinda!

> > - if you run ike/kink/tls between two nodes then a third node 
> should learn
> > the key. (except if you send the key to him).
> 
> Do you mean "should not learn?" 
yes - true (=> not learn). 

ciao
hannes

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Subject: [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt
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I finally found time to comment on the Framework draft.  Sorry this
comes so late.

A separate message contains interleaved detailed comments, issues,
questions, and disagreements.  This message distills out some general
comments.

The Framework document represents a substantial body of work with much
to recommend it.  I know from experience how much work is represented
here, and the authors deserve our praise and thanks.  However, I also
believe that considerable more work will be needed.

First, a somewhat philosophical comment.  My most general uneasiness
with the present document is that it seems at times to float in a
void.  It seems a bit too top-down in flavor at times, without enough
grounding in the real Internet issues.  This gets better through the
document, so that I generally liked sections 4, 5, and 6 much better
than the eaerlier sections.  It also seems a bit disconnected from the
significant previous history of Internet signaling.  Many of the
technical issues of Internet signaling have in fact been explored in
the IETF, principally by the RSVP working group (although not all of
the conclusions made it into the existing RSVP v1 RFCs).

Many readers will be familiar with at least the general concepts of
RSVP, and it would be very helpful if the document was explicit, at
least in a parenthetical way, about places where NSIS is taking a new
tack, as well as places where it is covering the same ground.  In a few
places, using existing terminology where it fits would also be
helpful.

Now more specific general comments ;-)

1.  I believe that the document would gain increased depth and
	credibility if it had a few more references to important and
	relevant academic papers.  Particular examples might include
	YESSIR, Lixia's multi-level model, or (a small selection out of
	the corpus of) papers about mobile resource reservations.

2. There is a lot of good material and specific discussion, but there
	is some redundancy.  It probably needs a serious hack
	with a text editor, moving blocks of text around and deleting
	redundant material. (see detailed comment message for examples.)

3. I would like to suggest that the only occurrence of the 4-letter
	term "NSIS" in this document should be in the combination
	"NSIS Working Group".  All other occurrences of NSIS should
	be replaced by something else ... e.g., "Internet signaling"
	or "signaling" or ... whatever works in the particular context.

	Another useful term is "suite", as in a "suite of signaling
	protocols".

	Curiously, the word "node" almost never occurs in this document,
	yet it is fundamental.  Signaling can be described abstractly,
	but that has to map into real messages sent between real
	nodes -- end systems, routers, and middleboxes.  This may be
	just a stylistic thing.

4. The document tends to say, "Oh, by the way, this is not *just* about
	QoS", and then shortly falls into QoS-oriented terminology.
	I think this is the wrong orientation.  It should rather be:
	"This is about all forms of path-related Internet signaling,
	such as QoS setup and control of middleboxes."

	A deeper consequence of this is the need to be quite precise about
	terminology, to make sure it is sufficiently general.

		What is the purpose of "signaling"? I generally use the
		Computer Sciency phrase, "to establish state in network
		nodes".  The document often uses the term "resource
		request" for roughly the same concept (though it is not
		consistent.)

	At first I thought "resource request" should be replaced
	because it is too QoS-specific.  However, it seems more in
	keeping with the existing document to simply define "resource
	request" in a general way as equivalent to setting up state,
	using a very general notion of what we mean by "resource".  I
	think this can be made to work, but it needs a careful
	paragraph in the Introduction and strict care to always use
	this term.  You will find a number of detailed suggested
	changes in this direction in my detailed comments.
 
5. At many points, the Framework document seems to assume a simplistic
	model of resource reservation -- that it is necessarily
	one-pass and can be achieved by a one-way flow of signaling
	packets along the data flow path.  This omits the potentially
	important cases that require two-pass algorithms, or those that
	use one-pass-with-advertising (e.g., the IntServ Guaranteed
	service.)  The WG should beware of simplistic
	assumptions.

	This shows up most directly in the terms NI and NR, whose
	semantics are sometimes confusing.  Of course, *I* prefer the
	abstractions p-src and p-dest that I introduced in my 2level
	document ;-), but perhaps NI and NR can be made to work.
	However, that will require careful definition and usage.  For
	example, RSVP v1 depends upon signaling in both directions,
	using both Path and Resv messages.  So, for RSVP v1, both
	sender and receiver act as both NI and NR.  Some of the
	discussion does not seem to encompass this generality.

6. The fundamental architectural picture in Figs 1 and 4 seems at
	first blush to be obvious, but the more I think about it,
	the more uncertain I am.

	The idea of a "co-located NI&NF" seems to conceptually define
	what you expect to be in an end system doing QoS signaling
	using the new protocol (and indeed that is exactly what RSVP v1
	assumed).  In particular, an Internet end system has to have at
	least a primitive routing/forwarding function, because it may
	be multihomed and/or have multiple first-hop routers.   Also,
	for QoS setup, at least, it is generally necessary to have an
	(inner-)RMF in the end system as well as in the routers.
	(as shown in figure 9, which contradicts Figure 1!)

	These considerations probably hold even if the NI is not an
	end system.  In fact, now that I think of it, it seems that
	there "co-located NI&NF" will be the normal case, except when
	a proxy is the NI.

	Iin practice the NI and NF functions will hopefully be only a
	single protocol entity in the end system.  You can DESCRIBE it
	logically as two connected conceptual boxes, but this may not
	be very helpful to the implementor or in detailed design.  In
	other words, the seemingly plausible picture conceals a deep
	issue of modularity and interface placement.

	Even if we decide that the figures as drawn at the best model,
	some discussion is needed about how this model maps into the
	real world.	
	

7. The path-coupled/path-decoupled dichotomy is not all there is.

	Thinking about this space, I was led to introduce a different
	dichotomy, "path-related" vs. "path-unrelated".  The NSIS
	WG is primarily focusing on path-related & path-coupled
	signaling, but some would like to also handle path-related &
	path-decoupled signaling.  However, there is a 3rd class
	of signaling that has no direct relationship to any path; I
	called this path-decoupled.  It might for example be used to
	configure routers in a domain.  This is still signaling, but
	not the kind we intend to do in NSIS.

8. The text tends to imply the model of a signaling message passing
	from NI to NR through NFs undisturbed, rather like IP packets
	passing through routers.  (See for example the first sentence
	of section 5.1)  In some cases this may be the wrong
	conceptual model.  In RSVP, signaling is best thought of as
	hop/hop; each hop propogates state in each direction, to keep
	certain invariants true.  Also, refresh messages are generated
	independently and asyncronously at each hop.  It is true that
	hop/hop action is forced by support for multicast, with its
	merging, so it may not be directly relevant to NSIS. However,
	there may be other signaling applications that will best be
	implemented as hop/hop signaling.

9.  Sections 5.1 and 7.2 (which are somewhat redundant) seem foggy to me.
	For one thing, an RMF may be specific to one or more signaling
	applications, and there may be many distinct RMFs in a single
	node.

	Also, Figure 4 (which is repeated as Figure 7) and Figure 8
	depict two quite different kinds to things [I would call them
	"entities", but you've used up that word ;-)], and it is not
	clear to me that you can usefully encompass both in a common
	abstraction.  I see two kinds of things: an inner-RMF, which is
	the interface to the local node's

	I see "inner-RMFs" (Figs 4 & 7) that are local interfaces to
	the traffic control and admission control mechanisms of the
	forwarding plane.  The WG should look into how an inner-RMF
	relates to the FORCES work of the IETF. 

	Note that when an inner-RMF is a server, it may supply
	information to the NE as well as accept control state.
	Examples are admission control decisions and the Adspec
	machinery of RSVP v1.

	Then there are "outer-RMFs" (Figure 8), which seem to have
	quite different characteristics. This section to be an attempt
	to bring the bandwidth broker under the NSIS umbrella, but
	this may/may not fall into our chartered area. 

	Finally, it is far from obvious to me that the NF/RMF interface
	corresponds to an SLA.  
_____________________________________
Bob Braden
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It turns out that my commented version is 130KB, so John L will
probably kill it before it propogates.  I put it on the web
at www.isi.edu/~braden/nsis/comments_framework_draft01.txt

Bob Braden


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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
To: Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt
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Hi Bob,

Thanks for the detailed review (when I get at it).

I think 1/2/3/4/7/9 are all probably quite reasonable (and are basically presentation related).
I think the point you raise in 6 is interesting, which I and others agonised a lot about in this and previous non-framework documents. Eventually I gave up worrying because I couldn't see a practical impact. If we can find one, it should help us work out which alternatives to emphasise. 
The point in 8 is partly related. I have generally come from a perspective of thinking that an internal node could do arbitrary violence to the messages (do we even assume it is the same signalling application protocol either side?) but maybe this doesn't come across (and quite possibly isn't what other people think).

I think the most important point you raise is (5) - what message patterns we should support/assume. I'd really like to see some views about the range of options here.

Cheers,

Robert H.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bob Braden [mailto:braden@ISI.EDU]
> Sent: 13 November 2002 20:36
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Cc: braden@ISI.EDU
> Subject: [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt
> 
> 
> 
> I finally found time to comment on the Framework draft.  Sorry this
> comes so late.
> 
> A separate message contains interleaved detailed comments, issues,
> questions, and disagreements.  This message distills out some general
> comments.
> 
> The Framework document represents a substantial body of work with much
> to recommend it.  I know from experience how much work is represented
> here, and the authors deserve our praise and thanks.  However, I also
> believe that considerable more work will be needed.
> 
> First, a somewhat philosophical comment.  My most general uneasiness
> with the present document is that it seems at times to float in a
> void.  It seems a bit too top-down in flavor at times, without enough
> grounding in the real Internet issues.  This gets better through the
> document, so that I generally liked sections 4, 5, and 6 much better
> than the eaerlier sections.  It also seems a bit disconnected from the
> significant previous history of Internet signaling.  Many of the
> technical issues of Internet signaling have in fact been explored in
> the IETF, principally by the RSVP working group (although not all of
> the conclusions made it into the existing RSVP v1 RFCs).
> 
> Many readers will be familiar with at least the general concepts of
> RSVP, and it would be very helpful if the document was explicit, at
> least in a parenthetical way, about places where NSIS is taking a new
> tack, as well as places where it is covering the same ground. 
>  In a few
> places, using existing terminology where it fits would also be
> helpful.
> 
> Now more specific general comments ;-)
> 
> 1.  I believe that the document would gain increased depth and
> 	credibility if it had a few more references to important and
> 	relevant academic papers.  Particular examples might include
> 	YESSIR, Lixia's multi-level model, or (a small selection out of
> 	the corpus of) papers about mobile resource reservations.
> 
> 2. There is a lot of good material and specific discussion, but there
> 	is some redundancy.  It probably needs a serious hack
> 	with a text editor, moving blocks of text around and deleting
> 	redundant material. (see detailed comment message for examples.)
> 
> 3. I would like to suggest that the only occurrence of the 4-letter
> 	term "NSIS" in this document should be in the combination
> 	"NSIS Working Group".  All other occurrences of NSIS should
> 	be replaced by something else ... e.g., "Internet signaling"
> 	or "signaling" or ... whatever works in the particular context.
> 
> 	Another useful term is "suite", as in a "suite of signaling
> 	protocols".
> 
> 	Curiously, the word "node" almost never occurs in this document,
> 	yet it is fundamental.  Signaling can be described abstractly,
> 	but that has to map into real messages sent between real
> 	nodes -- end systems, routers, and middleboxes.  This may be
> 	just a stylistic thing.
> 
> 4. The document tends to say, "Oh, by the way, this is not 
> *just* about
> 	QoS", and then shortly falls into QoS-oriented terminology.
> 	I think this is the wrong orientation.  It should rather be:
> 	"This is about all forms of path-related Internet signaling,
> 	such as QoS setup and control of middleboxes."
> 
> 	A deeper consequence of this is the need to be quite 
> precise about
> 	terminology, to make sure it is sufficiently general.
> 
> 		What is the purpose of "signaling"? I generally use the
> 		Computer Sciency phrase, "to establish state in network
> 		nodes".  The document often uses the term "resource
> 		request" for roughly the same concept (though it is not
> 		consistent.)
> 
> 	At first I thought "resource request" should be replaced
> 	because it is too QoS-specific.  However, it seems more in
> 	keeping with the existing document to simply define "resource
> 	request" in a general way as equivalent to setting up state,
> 	using a very general notion of what we mean by "resource".  I
> 	think this can be made to work, but it needs a careful
> 	paragraph in the Introduction and strict care to always use
> 	this term.  You will find a number of detailed suggested
> 	changes in this direction in my detailed comments.
>  
> 5. At many points, the Framework document seems to assume a simplistic
> 	model of resource reservation -- that it is necessarily
> 	one-pass and can be achieved by a one-way flow of signaling
> 	packets along the data flow path.  This omits the potentially
> 	important cases that require two-pass algorithms, or those that
> 	use one-pass-with-advertising (e.g., the IntServ Guaranteed
> 	service.)  The WG should beware of simplistic
> 	assumptions.
> 
> 	This shows up most directly in the terms NI and NR, whose
> 	semantics are sometimes confusing.  Of course, *I* prefer the
> 	abstractions p-src and p-dest that I introduced in my 2level
> 	document ;-), but perhaps NI and NR can be made to work.
> 	However, that will require careful definition and usage.  For
> 	example, RSVP v1 depends upon signaling in both directions,
> 	using both Path and Resv messages.  So, for RSVP v1, both
> 	sender and receiver act as both NI and NR.  Some of the
> 	discussion does not seem to encompass this generality.
> 
> 6. The fundamental architectural picture in Figs 1 and 4 seems at
> 	first blush to be obvious, but the more I think about it,
> 	the more uncertain I am.
> 
> 	The idea of a "co-located NI&NF" seems to conceptually define
> 	what you expect to be in an end system doing QoS signaling
> 	using the new protocol (and indeed that is exactly what RSVP v1
> 	assumed).  In particular, an Internet end system has to have at
> 	least a primitive routing/forwarding function, because it may
> 	be multihomed and/or have multiple first-hop routers.   Also,
> 	for QoS setup, at least, it is generally necessary to have an
> 	(inner-)RMF in the end system as well as in the routers.
> 	(as shown in figure 9, which contradicts Figure 1!)
> 
> 	These considerations probably hold even if the NI is not an
> 	end system.  In fact, now that I think of it, it seems that
> 	there "co-located NI&NF" will be the normal case, except when
> 	a proxy is the NI.
> 
> 	Iin practice the NI and NF functions will hopefully be only a
> 	single protocol entity in the end system.  You can DESCRIBE it
> 	logically as two connected conceptual boxes, but this may not
> 	be very helpful to the implementor or in detailed design.  In
> 	other words, the seemingly plausible picture conceals a deep
> 	issue of modularity and interface placement.
> 
> 	Even if we decide that the figures as drawn at the best model,
> 	some discussion is needed about how this model maps into the
> 	real world.	
> 	
> 
> 7. The path-coupled/path-decoupled dichotomy is not all there is.
> 
> 	Thinking about this space, I was led to introduce a different
> 	dichotomy, "path-related" vs. "path-unrelated".  The NSIS
> 	WG is primarily focusing on path-related & path-coupled
> 	signaling, but some would like to also handle path-related &
> 	path-decoupled signaling.  However, there is a 3rd class
> 	of signaling that has no direct relationship to any path; I
> 	called this path-decoupled.  It might for example be used to
> 	configure routers in a domain.  This is still signaling, but
> 	not the kind we intend to do in NSIS.
> 
> 8. The text tends to imply the model of a signaling message passing
> 	from NI to NR through NFs undisturbed, rather like IP packets
> 	passing through routers.  (See for example the first sentence
> 	of section 5.1)  In some cases this may be the wrong
> 	conceptual model.  In RSVP, signaling is best thought of as
> 	hop/hop; each hop propogates state in each direction, to keep
> 	certain invariants true.  Also, refresh messages are generated
> 	independently and asyncronously at each hop.  It is true that
> 	hop/hop action is forced by support for multicast, with its
> 	merging, so it may not be directly relevant to NSIS. However,
> 	there may be other signaling applications that will best be
> 	implemented as hop/hop signaling.
> 
> 9.  Sections 5.1 and 7.2 (which are somewhat redundant) seem 
> foggy to me.
> 	For one thing, an RMF may be specific to one or more signaling
> 	applications, and there may be many distinct RMFs in a single
> 	node.
> 
> 	Also, Figure 4 (which is repeated as Figure 7) and Figure 8
> 	depict two quite different kinds to things [I would call them
> 	"entities", but you've used up that word ;-)], and it is not
> 	clear to me that you can usefully encompass both in a common
> 	abstraction.  I see two kinds of things: an inner-RMF, which is
> 	the interface to the local node's
> 
> 	I see "inner-RMFs" (Figs 4 & 7) that are local interfaces to
> 	the traffic control and admission control mechanisms of the
> 	forwarding plane.  The WG should look into how an inner-RMF
> 	relates to the FORCES work of the IETF. 
> 
> 	Note that when an inner-RMF is a server, it may supply
> 	information to the NE as well as accept control state.
> 	Examples are admission control decisions and the Adspec
> 	machinery of RSVP v1.
> 
> 	Then there are "outer-RMFs" (Figure 8), which seem to have
> 	quite different characteristics. This section to be an attempt
> 	to bring the bandwidth broker under the NSIS umbrella, but
> 	this may/may not fall into our chartered area. 
> 
> 	Finally, it is far from obvious to me that the NF/RMF interface
> 	corresponds to an SLA.  
> _____________________________________
> Bob Braden
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> 
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This message contains detailed comments on the Framework document. (To
make John L happy, I tried to include suggested alternative text in
places.)  It accompanies an overview message that tries to give
high-level comments.

Specific suggested changes are indicated below the changed lines, with
lines prefixed with "####".
  
 
  *>    Document: draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt 
  *>    Expires: May 2003                                      November 2002
  *>     
  *>     
  *>                     Next Steps in Signaling: Framework 
  *>  
  *> Status of this Memo 
  *>     

  *>  
  *> Abstract 
  *>  
  *>    The NSIS working group is considering protocols for signaling for 
  *>    resources for a traffic flow along its path in the network. The 
  *>    requirements for such signaling are being developed in [2]; this 

(No references allowed in an Abstract)

  *>    Internet Draft will propose a framework for such signaling. 
  *>     

"architectural framework" would be a little less vague than simply
"framework" here.

  *>    This initial version provides a model of the entities that take part 
  *>    in the signaling. It discusses the considerations that must be taken 
  *>    into account in developing the framework, particularly the options 
  *>    for the structure of such a protocol, and the interactions between 
  *>    Finally, it includes background material on how NSIS could support 
  *>    particular signaling applications. 
  *>     
  *>    It is expected that future versions of this document will distill 
  *>    these structural options into a concrete technical framework, and 
  *>    material on particular signaling applications and deployment 
  *>    scenarios will be moved into separate NSIS applicability statements. 
  *>     
  *> Conventions used in this document 
  *>     
  *>    The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", 
  *>    "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this 
  *>    document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [3]. 
  *>     

Since this document is not a formal specification, applicability words
are not appropriate, and indeed none are used.  Therefore the above
paragraph should be deleted.

  *> Table of Contents 
  *>     
...

  *>     
  *>  
  *> 1. Introduction 
  *> 

The following introductory paragraph is muddy in both terminology and
style; the summary in the Abstract is cleaner and clearer.  Suggest
starting from the Abstract and expanding it.

  *>    NSIS will work on signaling from an end point that follows a path 
  *>    through the net that is determined by layer 3 routing and is used to 
  *>    convey information to the devices the signals pass through - the 
  *>    signaling can, for example, install soft state in the devices it 
####                                        XXXX

(I believe that "convey information" and "install state" are semantically
equivalent.)

 *>    passes through. A signaling end point could be a device along the 
  *>    path, which signals for a data flow that passes through it. 
  *>    
  *>  
  *>    The intention is to allow for the NSIS protocol to be deployed in 
  *>    different parts of the Internet, for different needs, without 
  *>    requiring a complete end-to-end deployment.  
  *>     
  *>    There is no requirement that the per-flow information be QoS related. 

How about:
	The per-flow information might be related to QoS or to some other
	control function in routers and middleboxes along the path.

  *>    NSIS should only worry about how to do the signaling - what the 
  *>    signaling conveys should be opaque to NSIS. This document discusses 
  *>    'where' the signaling takes place, with some discussion on 'how' the 
  *>    signaling can be done. 
  *>     
  *> 1.1 Scope of the NSIS Framework 
...

  *>     
  *> 
  *>  
  *>  
  *> 2. Terminology 

Putting this termonology section early makes it tough for the reader
and certainly does not help her/him.  These terms are all introduced
and defined a bit later.  Capsule summaries of their definitions here,
besides being redundant, are without context and therefore hard to
follow.  I suggest moving this section to an Appendix for quick
reference, or at least to the end of Section 3.

  *> 
  *>    Classifier - an entity which selects packets based on their contents 
  *>    according to defined rules. 
  *>     
  *>    Interdomain traffic - Traffic that passes from one NSIS domain to 
  *>    another. 
  *>  
  *>    NSIS Domain (ND) - Administrative domain where an NSIS protocol 
  *>    signals for a resource or set of resources. 
  *>     
  *>    NSIS Entity (NE) - the function within a node which implements an 
  *>    NSIS protocol. In the case of path-coupled signaling, the NE will 
  *>    always be on the data path. 
  *>     
  *>    NSIS Forwarder (NF) - NSIS Entity between a NI and NR which may 
  *>    interact with local resource management function (RMF). It also 
  *>    propagates NSIS signaling further through the network. 
  *>     
  *>    NSIS Initiator (NI) - NSIS Entity that initiates NSIS signaling for a 
  *>    network resource. 
  *>     
  *>    NSIS Responder (NR) - NSIS Entity that terminates NSIS signaling and 
  *>    can optionally interact with applications as well. 
  *>     
  *>    NSIS Signaling Layer Protocol (NSLP) - generic term for an NSIS 
  *>    protocol component that supports a specific signaling application. 
  *>    See also section 3.1.3. 
  *>     
  *>    NSIS Transport Layer Protocol (NTLP) - placeholder name for the NSIS 
  *>    protocol component that will support lower layer (signaling 
  *>    application independent) functions. See also section 3.1.3. 
  *>     
  *>    Path-coupled signaling - a mode of signaling where the signaling 
  *>    messages follow a path that is tied to the data messages. See also 
  *>    section 3.2.1. 
  *>     
  *>    Path-decoupled signaling - signaling with independent data and 
  *>    signaling paths. 
  *>     
  *>    Peer determination - the act of locating and/or selecting which NSIS 
  *>    peer to carry out signaling exchanges with for a specific data flow. 
  *>     
  *>    Peer relationship - signaling relationship between two adjacent NSIS 
  *>    entities (i.e. NEs with no other NEs between them). 

I found only 3 uses of "peer relationship" in the entire document.  Is it
useful to define it here?

  *>     
  *>    Receiver - the node in the network which is receiving the data 
  *>    packets in a flow. 
  *>  
  *>  
  *> Hancock et al.            Expires - May 2003                  [Page 5] 
  *>                   Next Steps in Signaling: Framework     November 2002   
  *>  
  *>    Resource - something of value in a network infrastructure to which 
  *>    rules or policy criteria are first applied before access is granted. 
  *>    Examples of resources include the buffers in a router and bandwidth 
  *>    on an interface. 

This definition of "resource" needs more work.  It seems too QoS-specific.
Here is one suggestion, but I don't think this is the final word:

	Resource - something of value in a network infrastructure to
	which access is granted as the result of signaling. Examples of
	resources might include buffers in a router, bandwidth on an
	interface, and flow-specific access rights through a firewall.
	Signaled access to resources is generally restrained by policy
	control.

  *>     
  *>    Resource Management Function (RMF) - an abstract concept, 
  *>    representing the management of resources in a domain or a node. 

[note that RMF seems to not be an abstract concept in section 5.1]

  *>     
  *>    Sender - the node in the network which is sending the data packets in 
  *>    a flow. 
  *>     
  *>    Service Level Agreement (SLA) - a service contract between a customer 
  *>    and a service provider that specifies the forwarding service a 
  *>    customer should receive. 
  *>     
  *>    [NSIS] Signaling application - the purpose of the NSIS signaling: a 
  *>    service could be QoS management, firewall control, and so on. Totally 
  *>    distinct from any specific user application. 
  *>     
  *>    Traffic characteristic - a description of the temporal behavior or a 
  *>    description of the attributes of a given traffic flow or traffic 
  *>    aggregate. 
  *>     
  *>    Traffic flow - a stream of packets between two end-points that can be 
  *>    characterized in a certain way. 

Ambig. sentence.  Also, I don't think you want the "traffic" qualifier.
How about:

	Flow (or data flow) - a stream of packets, from sender to
	receiver, that is a distinguishable subset of the packet
	stream.  Each flow is distinguished by some flow identification
	(section 4.5.1).

  *>  
  *> 3. Overall Framework Structure 
  *> 
  *> 3.1 Basic Signaling Entities and Interfaces 
  *> 
  *> 3.1.1  NSIS Entities 
  *> 
  *>    The NSIS protocol is intended to be used as a signaling control plane 
  *>    for the variety of network resources required for data traffic across
  *>    the Internet. The most common NSIS signaling applications are QoS 
####                  Possible signaling applications include control of QoS

  *>    resources, firewalls and NATs resources, etc. The NSIS signaling 
  *>    itself does not depend on the signaling application it is used for 
  *>    but the information it carries does. This section discusses the basic 
  *>    signaling entities of the protocol as well as interfaces between 
  *>    them. 
  *>     
  *>    We can identify three different roles in the NSIS signaling for 
  *>    resources: initiator, forwarder and responder.  
  *>     
  *>    The NSIS Initiator (NI) is an entity that initiates NSIS signaling 
  *>    (request) for the network resource. The NSIS initiator can be 

(See my general comments about this definition... I have to struggle to
believe it.  It is NOT intuitive; consider RSVP v1.)

  *>    triggered by the different "sources" - user applications, an instance 
  *>    of NSIS Forwarder, other protocols, network management etc. - that 
  *>    need network resources for a data flow. For the purpose of the NSIS 
  *>    discussion all these sources can be called "applications" (note that 
  *>    this is entirely distinct from the specific term "signaling 
  *>    application"). The NSIS initiator can provide feedback information to 
  *>    the triggering application in respect to the requested network 
  *>    resources. The NSIS initiator uses NSIS signaling to interact with 
  *>    other NSIS entities (NFs and NRs). 
  *>     
  *>    The NSIS Forwarder (NF) is an entity that services NSIS resource 
  *>    requests from NSIS initiators and other NSIS forwarders. It may 
  *>    interact with local resource management function (RMF). How and if 
  *>    this interaction takes place depends on the deployed resource 
  *>    management mechanism and the specific role of the NF. The NSIS 
  *>    forwarder propagates NSIS signaling further through the network.  
  *>     
  *>    The NSIS Responder (NR) is an entity that terminates NSIS signaling 
  *>    and can optionally interact with local applications as well e.g. for 
  *>    the purpose of notification when network resources get allocated etc.  
  *>     
  *>    The signaling relationship between two NSIS entities (with no other 
  *>    NSIS entities between them) is called simply a 'peer relationship'. 

How about: Two NSIS entities that communicate directly are said to be
in a 'peer relationship'.

  *>    This concept might loosely be described as an 'NSIS hop'; however, 
  *>    there is no implication that it corresponds to a single IP hop. 
  *>    Either or both NEs might store some state information about the 
  *>    other, but there is no assumption that they establish a long-term 
  *>    signaling session between themselves. 
  *>     
  *>    Figure 1 depicts simplified interactions/interfaces between NI, NFs 
  *>    and NR as well as local applications and RMFs. Note that the NI and 
  *>    NR could also interact with an RMF; additionally, this could be 
  *>    modeled as co-location of NI&NF and NR&NF. This distinction should 
                              \
                                (and perhaps common implementation)
                               
  *>    have no impact on the operation of the protocol. Also, there is no 
  *>    bar on placing an NI or NR in the interior of the network, to 
  *>    initiate and terminate NSIS signaling independently of the ultimate 
  *>    endpoints of the end to end flow, and NI and NR do not have to talk 
  *>    via intervening NFs. An example of NSIS being used in this way is 
  *>    given in section 7.5. 
  *>      
  *>  
  *>    +-----------+                                        +-----------+ 
  *>    |Application|                                        |Application| 
  *>    +-----------+                                        +-----------+ 
  *>         ^                                                      ^ 
  *>         |                                                      | 
  *>         |  |____________|                      |____________|  | 
  *>         V  |            |                      |            |  V 
  *>        +----+          +----+              +----+          +----+ 
  *>        | NI |==========| NF |=====....=====| NF |==========| NR | 
  *>        +----+          +----+              +----+          +----+ 
  *>                          ^                    ^ 
  *>                          |                    | 
  *>                          V                    V 
  *>                        +----+              +----+ 
  *>                        |RMF |              | RMF| 
  *>                        +----+              +----+ 
  *>     

(See my general comment in other message.)

  *>     
  *>                    ===========  = NSIS signaling messages 
  *>     
  *>                    |_________|  = Scope of single NSIS 
  *>                    |         |    "peer relationship"        
  *>     
  *>                   Figure 1: Basic NI/NF/NR Relationships 


Much of this discussion is redundant with section 5.1, and section
7.2 adds a whole new dimension.  Wouldn't it be better/clearer to
simply omit the RMF from this particular early diagram??

  *>  
  *> 3.1.2  Placement of NSIS Entities 
  *> 
  *>    The NI, NF and NR definitions do not make any assumptions about 
  *>    placements of NSIS signaling entities in respect to the particular 
  *>    part of the network or data-forwarding path.  
  *>     
  *>    They can be located along the data path (hosts generating and 
  *>    receiving data flows, edge routers, intermediate routers etc.) but it 
  *>    may not be the only one desirable location. 

(This is OK if you make the following paragraph is part of the preceding
paragraph).

  *>     
  *>    In some cases it is desired to be able to initiate and/or terminate 
  *>    NSIS signaling not from the end host that generates/receives the data 
  *>    flow, but from the some other entities on the network that can be 
  *>    called NSIS signaling application proxies. There could be various 
  *>    reasons for this: signaling on behalf of the end hosts that are not 
  *>    enabled with NSIS, consolidation of the customer accounting 
  *>    (authentication, authorization) in respect to consumed application 
  *>    and transport resources, security considerations, limitation of the 
  *>    physical connection between host and network etc. The proxy can 
  *>    communicate the relevant information to the host in the application 
  *>    specific, maybe compressed, form.  

This proxy discussion is important, but it does raise design issues.
Shouldn't there be a separate subsection somewhere on proxies?
  
  *>  
  *>    Support for NSIS proxies affects the protocol in the following way: 
  *>     *) The protocol should accommodate signaling with the scope of a 
  *>    single NSIS peer relationship; the signaling could be propagated over 
  *>    multiple peer relationships all the way toward the destination (end-
  *>    to-end). 
  *>     *) In the particular case where the proxy is not on the data path, 
  *>    NSIS might have to be extended to allow separated data and signaling 
  *>    paths, although this analysis is not initially in scope.  
  *>     

I am not sure that it is best to treat proxies as a special case of
path-decoupled signaling, which is what you seem to be doing here.
The 2nd paragraph of sectionk 3.2.1, which treats proxies as a variant
of path-coupled signaling, seems more correct.

  *>    Further discussion of these issues is given in sections 3.2.1 and 
  *>    3.3.3. 
  *>     
  *>    As it can be seen from the usage cases presented in the NSIS 
  *>    requirements draft [2] the NSIS signaling procedures may depend on 
  *>    the part/type of the network where NSIS is used. In fact to satisfy 

What does "network type" mean?

  *>    sometimes-conflicting requirements in [2], different procedures and 
  *>    possibly different kinds of the NSIS protocol can be used on 

>>      different procedures and possibly different signaling applications
>>      can be used on

  *>    different parts/types of the network. Sections 3.2 and 7.5 provide 
  *>    more details on this topic. 
  *>     
  *> 3.1.3  NSIS Protocol Components 
  *> 
  *>    In order to achieve a modular solution for the NSIS requirements, it 
  *>    is proposed to structure what we refer to overall as 'the NSIS 
  *>    protocol' into 2 layers, similarly to the original proposal in [8]: 
  *>     *) a 'signaling transport' layer, responsible for moving signaling 
  *>    messages around, which should be independent of any particular 
  *>    signaling application; and 
  *>     *) a 'signaling application' layer, which contains functionality 
  *>    such as message formats and sequences, specific to a particular 
  *>    signaling application. 
  *>     
  *>    For the purpose of this document, we use the term 'NSIS Transport 
  *>    Layer Protocol' (NTLP) to refer to the component that will be used in 
  *>    the transport layer; it may or may not be based on the use of 
  *>    existing transport protocols. We also use the term 'NSIS Signaling 
  *>    Layer Protocol' (NSLP) to refer generically to any protocol component 
  *>    within the signaling application layer; in the end, there will be 
  *>    several NSLPs. These relationships are illustrated in Figure 2. 
  *>     
  *>     
  *>  
  *>                  ^                     +-----------------+ 
  *>                  |                     | NSIS Signaling  | 
  *>                  |                     | Layer Protocol  | 
  *>           NSIS   |    +----------------| for middleboxes | 
  *>        Signaling |    | NSIS Signaling |        +-----------------+ 
  *>          Layer   |    | Layer Protocol +--------| NSIS Signaling  | 
  *>                  |    |     for QoS     |       | Layer Protocol  | 
  *>                  |    |                 |       | for something   | 
  *>                  |    +-----------------+       |     else        | 
  *>                  V                              +-----------------+ 
  *>                       ============================================= 
  *>                  ^         +--------------------------------+ 
  *>                  |         | NSIS Transport Layer Protocol  | 
  *>           NSIS   |         |       ....................     | 
  *>        Transport |         |       .Standard transport.     | 
  *>          Layer   |         |       . protocol (maybe) .     | 
  *>                  |         |       ....................     | 
  *>                  V         +--------------------------------+ 
  *>     
  *>                     Figure 2: NSIS Protocol Components 
  *>  

If you (really) want to take a layerist view, then the lower layer should look
like:

                           ============================================= 
                      ^         +--------------------------------+ 
                      |         | NSIS Transport Layer Protocol  | 
                      |         |                                |
               NSIS   |         |................................| 
            Transport |         |        Standard transport      | 
              Layer   |         |         protocol (maybe)       | 
                      V         +--------------------------------+ 

  *>    The precise boundary between these layers is not defined at this 
  *>    stage; see section 3.3.5 for some initial discussion of this point. 
  *>     
  *> 3.2 Options for Modes of NSIS Operation 
  *> 
  *>    This section discusses several possible modes of NSIS operation. Each 
  *>    mode of NSIS operation is briefly introduced and where needed 
  *>    analyzed and compared with the alternatives. It is not assumed that 
  *>    NSIS will support all the mode variants described in these 
  *>    subsections; after the tradeoffs described here have been evaluated, 
  *>    some might be excluded from further consideration. 
  *>              
  *> 3.2.1  Path-Coupled and Path-Decoupled Signaling 

(I basically liked the discussion of this section)

  *> 
  *>    We can consider two basic paradigms for resource reservation 
  *>    signaling, which we refer to as "path-coupled" and "path-decoupled". 
  *>     
  *>    In the path-coupled case, signaling messages are routed only through 
  *>    nodes (NEs) that are in the data path. They do not have to reach all 
  *>    the nodes on the data path (for example, there could be proxies 
  *>    distinct from the sender and receiver as described in section 3.1.2, 
  *>    or intermediate signaling-unaware nodes); and between adjacent NEs, 
  *>    the route taken by signaling and data might diverge. The path-coupled 
  *>    case can be supported by various addressing styles, with messages 
  *>    either explicitly addressed to the neighbor on-path NE, or routed 
  *>    identically to the data packets and intercepted. These cases are 
  *>    considered in section 3.3.4. In the second case, some network 
  *>    configurations may split the signaling and data paths (see section 
  *>    5.2); this is considered an error case for path-coupled signaling. 
  *>     
  *>    In the path-decoupled case, signaling messages are routed to nodes 
  *>    (NEs) which are not assumed to be on the data path, but which are 
  *>    (presumably) aware of it. Signaling messages will always be directly 
  *>    addressed to the neighbor NE, and the NI/NR may have no relation at 
  *>    all with the ultimate data sender or receiver. 
  *>     
  *>    There are potentially significant differences in the way that the two 
  *>    signaling paradigms should be analyzed, for example in terms of 
  *>    scaling behavior, failure recovery, security properties, mechanism 
  *>    for NSIS peer determination, and so on. These differences might or 
  *>    might not cause changes in the way that the NSIS protocol operates. 
  *>     
  *>    The initial goal of NSIS and this framework is to concentrate mainly 
  *>    on the path-coupled case. 
  *>     
  *> 3.2.2  Inter-domain and Intra-domain Signaling 
  *> 

I don't like this section very much. It says too much and too little.
Maybe it needs to be merged with section 7.5?  Maybe it needs to be
grounded in a summary of RFC 2998?


  *>    Inter-domain NSIS signaling is where the NSIS signaling messages are 
  *>    originated in one NSIS domain and are terminated in another NSIS 
  *>    domain. 
  *>     
  *>    In the path-coupled case, inter-domain NSIS signaling can be used to 
  *>    signal NSIS information to the edge nodes of one or more NSIS 
  *>    domains. 
  *>     
  *>    In the path-decoupled case, inter-domain NSIS signaling can be used 
  *>    to signal NSIS information to entities that are not on the data path 
  *>    (i.e., "out-of-band" NFs), and additionally to signal from off-path 
  *>    entities to on-path edge nodes . 

I think the paragraph above is confused.  Perhaps you are introducing
"path-unrelated" signaling, which I claim is different from path-decoupled
signaling.  (See my overview message).

  *>     
  *>    NSIS inter-domain signaling has to fulfill several requirements, such 
  *>    as: 
  *>     *) Basic functionality, such as scalable, simple and fast signaling. 
'
Boooo!  "Scalable, simple, and fast" is devoid of content, and even if it
did have content, it would not hold just for inter-domain signaling.

  *>    Because different networks have different resource management 
  *>    characteristics, such as cost of bandwidth and performance, this 
  *>    basic functionality may differ from one NSIS domain to another. 
  *>     *) All other requirements specified in [2]. 

(Gratuitous.)

  *>     
  *>    Intra-domain NSIS signaling is where the NSIS signaling messages are 
  *>    originated, processed and terminated within the same NSIS domain. 
  *>    Note that these messages could be handled within a local instance of 
  *>    NSIS signaling; another possibility could be to piggyback them on 
  *>    inter-domain NSIS messages. 
  *>     
  *>  
  *>  
  *> Hancock et al.            Expires - May 2003                 [Page 11] 
  *>                   Next Steps in Signaling: Framework     November 2002   
  *>  
  *>    Intra-domain signaling can be used to signal NSIS information to the 
  *>    edge nodes (i.e., routers located at the border of the NSIS domain) 
  *>    and to the interior nodes (i.e., routers located within the NSIS 
  *>    domain that are not edge nodes). 
  *>     
  *>    The NSIS intra-domain signaling approach has to fulfill fewer 
  *>    requirements than inter-domain signaling. These are: 
  *>     *) Basic functionality, such as scalable, simple and fast signaling. 

Booo again.

  *>    Due to the fact that different networks have different resource 
  *>    management characteristics, this basic functionality may differ from 
  *>    one NSIS domain to another. 
  *>     *) Provides the necessary functionality to interact between inter-
  *>    domain signaling and intra-domain signaling. 
  *>     
  *> 3.2.3  End-to-End, Edge-to-Edge, and End-to-Edge 
  *> 
  *>    End-to-end: When used end-to-end, the NSIS protocol is initiated by 
  *>    an end host and is terminated by another end host. In this context, 
  *>    NSIS can be applied as needed within all of the NSIS domains between 
  *>    the end hosts. In the end-to-end path, NSIS may be used both for 
  *>    intra-domain NSIS signaling, as well as for inter-domain signaling. 
  *>     
  *>    Edge-to-edge: In this scenario the NSIS protocol is initiated by an 
  *>    edge node of a NSIS domain and is terminated by another edge node of 
  *>    the same (or possibly different) NSIS domain. NSIS can be applied 
  *>    either within one single NSIS domain, which is denoted as edge-to-
  *>    edge in a single domain, or within a concatenated number of NSIS 
  *>    domains, which is denoted as edge-to-edge in a multi-domain. When an 
  *>    appropriate security trust relation exists between two or more 
  *>    concatenated NSIS domains, these concatenated NSIS domains are 
  *>    considered, in terms of NSIS, to be a single, larger NSIS domain. 
  *>     
  *>    End-to-edge: In this scenario the NSIS protocol is either initiated 
  *>    by an end host and is terminated by an edge node or is initiated by 
  *>    an edge node and is terminated by an end host. In the path-coupled 
  *>    case, the edge node may be a proxy that is located on a boundary node 
  *>    of a NSIS domain. In the path-decoupled case, the edge node may be a 
  *>    proxy that is located on an off-path node that controls, or is 
  *>    associated with, a NSIS domain. 
  *>     
  *> 3.2.4  Global and Local Operation 
  *> 
  *>    It is likely that the appropriate way to describe the resources NSIS 
  *>    is signaling for will vary from one part of the network to another. 
  *>    In particular, resource descriptions that are valid for inter-domain 
  *>    links will probably be different from those useful for intra-domain 
####          may be

  *>    operation (and the latter will differ from one NSIS domain to 
####                              may

  *>    another). 
  *>     
  *>    One way to describe this issue is to consider the resource 
  *>    description objects carried by NSIS (typically within the signaling 
  *>    application layer) as divided in globally-understood objects ("global 
  *>    objects") and locally-understood objects ("local objects"). The local 

The logical necessity of this distinction is unclear.
There may be a need for 'scope' of resource description objects, but it
isn't clear that 1 bit (local/global) is fundamental or sufficient.

  *>    objects are only applicable for intra-domain signaling, while the 
  *>    global objects are mainly used in inter-domain signaling. Note that 
  *>    such local objects are still part of the NSIS protocol, unlike opaque 

?? Huh??

  *>    data which would be invisible to the protocol; local objects can be 
  *>    inserted, used and removed by one single domain. 
  *>     
  *>    The purpose of this division is to provide additional flexibility in 
  *>    defining the objects carried by the NSIS protocol such that only 
  *>    those objects that are applicable in a particular setting are used. 
  *>    An example approach for reflecting the distinction in the signaling 
  *>    is that local objects could be put into separate local messages that 
  *>    are initiated and terminated within one single NSIS domain and/or 
  *>    they could be "stacked" within the NSIS messages that are used for 
  *>    inter-domain signaling. These possibilities will be considered 
  *>    further during the protocol design activity. 
  *>     
  *> 3.2.5  Multicast versus Unicast 
  *> 
  *>    Multicast support, compared to unicast support, would introduce a 
  *>    level of complexity into the NSIS protocol mainly related to: 
  *>     *) complex state maintenance to support dynamic membership changes 
  *>    in the multicast groups, such as reservation state merging and 
  *>    maintenance. 
  *>     *) a state per flow has to be maintained that is used during 
  *>    backward routing. 
  *>     
  *> 3.2.6  Sender versus Receiver Initiated Signaling 
  *> 
  *>    A sender-initiated approach is when the sender of the data flow 
  *>    initiates and maintains the resource reservation used for that flow. 
  *>    In a receiver-initiated approach the receiver of the data flow 
  *>    initiates and maintains the resource reservation used for the data 
  *>    flow. 
  *>     

This is a slippery dichotomy.  You have slipped into saying "reservation",
which is QoS-specific.  Does the distinction hold for other signaling
applications?

  *>    In the path-coupled case, and in the absence of NSIS proxies, the 
  *>    following relationships apply: 
  *>     *) in the sender initiated case, the sender of the data is the NSIS 
  *>    Initiator, while the receiver of the data is the NSIS Responder; 
  *>     *) in the receiver initiated case, the receiver of the data is the 
  *>    NSIS Initiator, while the sender of the data is the NSIS Responder. 

You have fallen into the Pit of Confusion here!  The last statement is
simply not true, as the RSVP example shows.  Each of sender and receiver
is both NI and NR, in the RSVP case.

  *>    In the path-decoupled case, the mapping is not necessarily clear cut 
  *>    (for example, if the NI and NR are not located at the end systems 
  *>    themselves). 
  *>     
  *>    The main differences between the sender-initiated and receiver-
  *>    initiated approaches are the following: 
  *>     *) Compared with the receiver-initiated approach, a sender using a 
  *>    sender-initiated approach can be informed faster when the reservation 
  *>    request is rejected. In other words, when using a sender-initiated 
  *>    approach, the reservation request response time can be shorter in the 
  *>    case of an unsuccessful reservation than with a receiver-initiated 
  *>    approach. 

Yes, and a receiver using the receiver-initiated approach can be
informed faster.  What is your point?

  *>     *) In a receiver-initiated approach, the signaling messages 
  *>    traveling from the receiver to the sender must be backward routed 
  *>    such that they follow exactly the same path as was followed by the 
  *>    signaling messages belonging to the same flow traveling from the 
  *>    sender to the receiver. This implies that a backward routing state 
  *>    per flow must be maintained. When using a sender-initiated approach, 
  *>    provided acknowledgements and notifications can be securely delivered 
  *>    to the sending node, backward routing is not necessary, and nodes do 
  *>    not have to maintain backward routing states. 

  *>     *) In a sender-initiated approach, a mobile node can initiate a 
  *>    reservation for its outgoing flows as soon as it has moved to another 
  *>    roaming subnetwork. In a receiver-initiated approach, a mobile node 
  *>    has to inform the receiver about its handover procedure, thus 
  *>    allowing the receiver to initiate a reservation for these flows. 

This again seems to be half of a dual argument, since mobile nodes both send
and receive.

  *>     *) Where the signaling is looking for the last (nearest to receiver) 
  *>    NE on the data path, receiver oriented signaling is most efficient; 
  *>    sender orientation would be possible, but take more messages. 

The preceding discussion was one-sided.  It should mention the overwhelming
scaling advantages of receiver orentation for multicast reservations.

  *>     
  *> 3.2.7  Uni-Directional and Bi-Directional Reservations 
  *> 

How about: "Reservations" -> "Resource Requests"

  *>    It is possible that a resource will only be required for one 
  *>    direction of traffic, for example for a media stream with no feedback 
  *>    channel. Reservations for both directions of traffic may be required 
  *>    for other applications, for example a voice call. Therefore, the NSIS 
  *>    signaling protocol must allow for both uni- and bi-directional 
  *>    resource reservations. 

I would claim that the sentence above is tautologous; a signaling
protocol cannot help itself from supporting bi-directional
reservations.  You just use the protocol in both directions, as the
following sentence says.

  *>    The most basic method for bi-directional reservations is based on 
  *>    combining two uni-directional reservations. This allows that the 
  *>    signaling messages for one direction of the bi-directional 
  *>    reservation are able to follow a different path from messages 
  *>    traveling in the opposite direction, which is necessary for path-
  *>    coupled signaling in the presence of asymmetric routing. (Other more 
  *>    integrated approaches may be possible in constrained network 
  *>    topologies where parts of the route are symmetric.) The bi-
  *>    directional reservations can, for example, be used to make the NSIS 
  *>    signaling procedure required after a handover procedure more 
  *>    efficient. 
  *>  

How about:
	A resource will only be required for one direction of traffic,
	for example QoS for a media stream with no feedback channel.
	On the other hand, some applications will have bi-directional
	resource requirements; an example is QoS for a voice call.
	Bi-directional resource requests can simply use a separate
	instance of the same signaling mechanism in each direction.
	Note that the paths in the two directions may differ due to
	assymmetric routing.

	In constrained topologies where parts of the route are
	symmetric, it may be possible to use a more unified approach to
	bi-directional signaling, e.g., carrying the two signaling
	directions in common messages.  This optimization might be used
	to make mobile QoS signaling more efficient.  

  *>   
  *>  
  *> 3.3 Basic Assumptions and Conceptual Issues 
  *> 
  *> 3.3.1  Basic Assumptions 
  *> 
  *>    The following assumptions have been made during prior NSIS 
  *>    requirements work and initial framework discussions. They are 
  *>    summarized here for completeness. The subsequent subsections describe 
  *>    more generic conceptual assumptions and issues. Note that a complete 
  *>    overview of current open issues is contained in section 8. 
  *>  
  *>     *) The solution developed by NSIS must be sufficiently flexible and 
  *>    modular that it can be efficiently deployed and used with 
  *>    functionality appropriate to the part/type of the network. (Sections 
  *>    3.2.2 and 3.2.3.) 
  *>     
  *>     *) The protocol developed by the NSIS working group will be path-
  *>    coupled. Considerations related to a potential path-decoupled 
  *>    solution are part of this framework, because they are also needed in 
  *>    order to co-exist with existing solutions; however, the NSIS working 
  *>    group currently has no plans to develop path-decoupled signaling 
  *>    protocol. (Section 3.2.1.) 
  *>     
  *>     *) End-to-end message routing will be achieved by each NE 
  *>    determining the next appropriate NSIS peer, based on the flow in 
  *>    question and information within the NTLP layer, not requiring any 
  *>    node or the upper layers to acquire end-to-end topology information. 

This seems like a statement about detailed design that may in fact
be wrong for some signaling applications.

  *>    (Section 3.2.4.) 

Sectionk 3.2.4?? I don't see the relevance.

  *>     
  *>     *) Multicast support introduces a level of complexity into the NSIS 
  *>    protocol that is not needed in support of unicast applications. 
  *>    Therefore, a working assumption is be that the NSIS protocol should 
  *>    be optimized for unicast. (Section 3.2.5.) 
  *>     
  *>     *) The NSIS protocol can be used for setup of both uni-directional 
  *>    and bi-directional reservations. (Section 3.2.7.) 
  *>  
  *> 3.3.2  NI, NF, NR functionality 
  *> 
  *>    The basic functions that can be fulfilled by an NSIS entity are 
  *>    request, accept, notify, modify and release of a reservation. At this 

A "reservation"? Sounds like an assumption of QoS signaling.

There was an extended debate in the RSVP WG about whether or
not an Accept is required, and in the end only a very weak form of it
was included.

Need definitions of these terms (which are redundantly supplied in
section 4.2; these should be combined.)


  *>    point, it is not clear which responsibilities can be assumed by each 
  *>    of the NSIS entities. More in particular, it is not clear whether: 
  *>     *) an NF can request, modify or release a reservation. If it cannot, 
  *>    it needs to notify the NI in order to perform these functions. 
####	it would need to ...

  *>     *) an NR can modify and release a reservation. Even if the NR can 
  *>    reject or accept the reservation with modification, it might still be 
  *>    required to notify the NI to signal the release or modification. 
  *>     
  *>  
  *> 3.3.3  NI, NF, NR relationship 
  *> 
  *>    An important open issue is related to the way in which NSIS entities 
  *>    maintain relations between each other. These relations could be 
  *>    purely local, where an NSIS entity only maintains relations with its 
  *>    direct neighbors (peers). In that case, messages will be sent to and 
  *>    accepted from these neighbors only. Alternatively, the relations 
  *>    between NSIS entities could have a more global scope. 
  *>     

I like this paragraph, because you slipped into using the terms I
favor, "neighbors"  ;-).  More seriously, the neighbor/peer distinction
surfaces here. How about:

	NSIS entities that communicate with each other are peers.
	Peering of entities might be limited to neighbor nodes, so that
	entities can only communicate hop/hop along the path.
	Alternatively, the framework might allow remote peering, i.e.,
	peering with nodes that are not neighbors.

  *>    The type of NSIS peering relations may have an impact on the 
  *>    complexity involved with protocol security. In case of inter-domain 
  *>    signaling, the security relations are likely to be built between 
  *>    neighboring NSIS entities only for scalability reasons. In that case, 
  *>    each NSIS entity will establish and maintain a security relation with 
  *>    each of its peers and accept only messages from these peers. 
  *>     
  *>    Conversely, there may exist larger domains of NSIS entities that have 
  *>    a trust relationship (trusted domains). This may be the case for 
  *>    intra-domain signaling. In this case, an NE may accept messages from 
  *>    all other NSIS entities in the domain. Both alternatives need not be 
  *>    mutually exclusive. It is conceivable that different instances of the 
  *>    NSIS protocol (or different NSIS protocols) use the NSIS security 
  *>    model to a larger or lesser extent, provided that overall security is 
  *>    not impacted. An analysis of NSIS threats is available from [5]. 
  *>     
  *>    The NSIS peering relations may also have an impact on the required 
  *>    amount of state at each NSIS entity. When direct interaction with 
  *>    remote NSIS peers is not allowed, it may be required to keep track of 
  *>    the path that an NSIS message has followed through the network. This 
  *>    can be achieved by keeping per-flow state at the NSIS entities or by 
  *>    maintaining a record route object in the NSIS messages. 
  *>     
  *>    An initial working assumption is that the NTLP will operate 
  *>    'locally', that is, just over the scope of a single peer 
  *>    relationship. End-to-end operation is built up by simply 
  *>    concatenating these relationships. Any non-local operation (if any) 
  *>    will take place only in particular NSLPs. 
  *>     
  *> 3.3.4  NSIS Addressing 
  *> 
  *>    The are potentially two ways to establish a signaling connection by 

"connection"?  Overloaded word...

  *>    means of the NSIS protocol. On the one hand, the NSIS message could 
  *>    be addressed to a neighboring NSIS entity (NE) that is known to be 
  *>    closer to the destination NE. On the other hand, the NSIS message 
  *>    could be addressed to the destination directly, and intercepted by an 
  *>    intervening NE. We denote the latter approach as end-to-end 
  *>    addressing and the former as peer-peer addressing.    
  *>  
  *>    With peer-peer addressing, an NE will determine the address of the 
  *>    next NE based on the payload of the NSIS message (and potentially 
  *>    also on the previous NE). This requires the address of the 
  *>    destination NE to be derivable from information present in the 
  *>    payload. This can be achieved through the availability of a local 
  *>    routing table or through participation in the routing protocol. Peer-
  *>    peer addressing inherently supports tunneling of NSIS signaling 
  *>    messages between NEs, and is equally applicable to the path-coupled 
  *>    and path-decoupled cases. 
  *>     
  *>    In case of end-to-end addressing, the NSIS message will be sent with 
  *>    the address of the NR, which then necessarily needs to be on the data 
  *>    path. This requires (some of) the data-path entities to be upgraded 
  *>    (NSIS-aware) in order to be able to intercept the NSIS messages. The 
  *>    routing of the NSIS signaling should follow exactly the same path as 
  *>    the data flow for which the reservation is requested. 
  *>     
  *> 3.3.5  NSIS Layer Boundaries 
  *> 
  *>    The detailed boundary between the NTLP and NSLPs is an area for 
  *>    (considerable) further analysis. In particular, it is not clear how 
  *>    the key issues described earlier (such as sender/receiver 
  *>    orientation) are allocated to the different layers. However, some 
  *>    initial assumptions have been made about the functionality in 
  *>    different layers. 
  *>     
  *>    *) It is assumed that some flow description information is part of 
####                               flow identification is part of

  *>    the NTLP (see section 4.3.1 and 4.5.1). This might be needed by 
  *>    signaling application unaware entities located at address boundaries. 
  *>    It is not clear to which level of complexity the flow description 
  *>    needs to be available at this level. 

Note that my 2level model does NOT make this assumption.  CSTP (your
NTLP) is not aware of the flow indentification for a signaling packet;
that is up to the particular ULSP.  I would suggest that my
modularity is better, since the choice of flow indentification is
probably specific to different classes of signaling applications.
Making the CSTP aware of the FId will require that you identify the
most general possible FId early on, which seems like a bad idea.
(On the other hand, you may be able to show that my design in fact
has some serious drawback, so that FId info is essential in the
lower level.)

  *>     *) It is not assumed that the operation of an NSLP is totally 
  *>    independent of the NTLP; for example, the appropriate interpretation 
  *>    of an NSLP message might depend on the local status of the NTLP. 
  *>     

I disagree with this.  How about:

	*) It is highly desirable to be able to create NSLP signaling
	applications that are independent of the internal operation of
	the NSLP.  This modularity will allow independent evolution
	of the two protocol layers.


  *> 3.3.6  NSIS Acknowledgement and Notification Semantics 
  *> 
  *>    The semantics of the acknowledgement and notification messages are of 
  *>    particular importance. An NE sending a message can assume 
  *>    responsibility for the entire downstream chain of NEs, indicating for 
  *>    instance the availability of reserved resources for the entire 
  *>    downstream path. Alternatively, the message could have a more local 
  *>    meaning, indicating for instance that a certain failure or 
  *>    degradation occurred at a particular NSIS entity. 
  *>  
  *> 
  *> 
  *>   
  *>  
  *> 4. Protocol Components 
  *> 
  *> 4.1 Lower Layer Interfaces 
  *> 
  *>    Within a signaling entity, NSIS interacts with the 'lower layers' of 

Within an NE? Or within a node that supports an NE? (Terminolgy alarm)

  *>    the protocol stack for two nearly independent purposes: sending and 
  *>    receiving signaling messages; and configuring the operation of the 
  *>    lower layers themselves. 
  *>     
  *>    For sending and receiving messages, this framework places the lower 
  *>    boundary of the NTLP at the IP layer. (It is possible that NSIS could 
  *>    use a standard transport protocol above the IP layer to provide some 
  *>    of its functionality; this is discussed in section 4.3.1.) The 
  *>    interface with the lower layers is therefore very simple: 
  *>     *) The NTLP sends raw IP packets 
  *>     *) The NTLP receives raw IP packets. In the case of peer-peer 
  *>    addressing, they have been addressed directly to it. In the case of 
  *>    end-to-end addressing, this will be by intercepting packets that have 
  *>    been marked in some special way (by special protocol number or by 
  *>    some option interpreted within the IP layer, such as the Router Alert 
  *>    option [6] and [7].)  
  *>     
  *>    For correct message routing, the NTLP needs to have some information 
  *>    about the link and IP layer configuration of the local networking 
  *>    stack. For example, it needs to know: 

You probably need route change notification upcalls for local repair,
and you may need route pinning.


  *>     *) [in general] how to select the outgoing interface for a signaling 
  *>    message, in case this needs to match the interface that will be used 
  *>    by the corresponding flow. This might be as simple as just allowing 
  *>    the IP layer to handle the message using its own routing table. 
  *>     *) [in the case of IPv6] what address scopes are associated with the 
  *>    interfaces that messages are sent and received on (to interpret 
  *>    scoped addresses in flow identification, if these are to be allowed). 
  *>     
  *>    The way in which the lower layers are actually configured to handle 
  *>    the flow depends on the particular NSIS signaling application; for 
  *>    example, if NSIS is being used for QoS signaling, this might involve 
  *>    configuration of traffic classification and conditioning parameters, 
  *>    for example local packet queues, type of filters, type of scheduling, 
  *>    and so on. However, none of this is directly related to the NTLP or 
  *>    indeed any NSLP; therefore, this interaction is handled indirectly 
  *>    via a resource management function, as described in section 5.1. 
  *>     
  *> 4.2 Upper Layer Services 
  *> 
  *>    The combination of the NTLP and an NSLP provides a signaling service, 
  *>    appropriate for a particular signaling application. We can describe 
  *>    such a signaling service as an abstract set of capabilities, provided 
  *>    at a service interface, defined from three perspectives: 
  *>  
  *>  
  *> Hancock et al.            Expires - May 2003                 [Page 18] 
  *>                   Next Steps in Signaling: Framework     November 2002   
  *>  
  *>     *) What basic control primitives are available at the interface; 
  *>     *) What information is exchanged within these primitives; 
  *>     *) What assumptions are made about operations carried out above the 
  *>    interface.  
  *>     
  *>    The set of control primitives required is quite small. 
  *>    At the initiating (NI) end: 
  *>     *) Signaling application requests signaling for a new resource; 
  *>     *) Signaling application requests modification or removal of an 
  *>    existing resource. 
  *>     *) Signaling application receives progress indications (minimally, 
  *>    success or failure). 
  *>    At the responding (NR) end: 
  *>     *) Notification to signaling application that a resource has been 
  *>    set up. 
  *>    At either end: 
  *>     *) Notification to signaling application that something has changed 
  *>    about the available resource and other error conditions. 
  *>     

The list above should be combined with section 3.3.2.

  *>    This description is in terms of a 'hard state' interface, without 

No.  How about:

	These control primitives are independent of the issue of whether
	the control information [state] must be removed with an explicit
	release request (hard state) or whether it will time out in the
	absence of refresh messages (soft state).  The latter will ensure
	that state is removed despite possible failure of signaling applications.

  *>    explicit refresh messages between the signaling application and NSIS, 
  *>    although this is an implementation issue. In any case, 
  *>    implementations will need to be able to detect conditions when 
  *>    instances of signaling applications fail without issuing explicit 
  *>    resource removal requests. 
  *>     
  *>    The information in the control primitives consists essentially of two 
  *>    parts. The first is the definition of the data flow for which the 
  *>    resource is being signaled. The format (e.g. socket id or packet 
  *>    fields or whatever) is an implementation issue; it has to be 
  *>    interpreted into a 'wire format' (as in section 4.5). Since NSIS 
  *>    could support both sender and receiver initiation, the flow 
  *>    definition must also state whether it is incoming or outgoing over a 
  *>    particular interface (this can be inferred when the initiator is 
  *>    colocated with the flow endpoint). The second part of the information 
  *>    exchanged is the service definition (e.g. QoS description in the case 
  *>    of a QoS request). This will be opaque at least to the NTLP, which 
  *>    only knows the specific NSLP being used. 
  *>     
  *>    We have a basic design goal not to duplicate functionality that is 
  *>    already present in (or most naturally part of) existing signaling 
  *>    protocols which could be used by the upper layers. Therefore NSIS 
  *>    (implicitly) assumes that certain procedures are carried out 
  *>    'externally'. The main aspects of this are: 
  *>     *) Negotiation of service configuration (e.g. discovering what 
  *>    services are available to be requested); 
  *>     *) Agreement to use NSIS for signaling, and coordination of which 
  *>    end will be the initiator. 

This is good.

  *>  
  *>  
  *> Hancock et al.            Expires - May 2003                 [Page 19] 
  *>                   Next Steps in Signaling: Framework     November 2002   
  *>  
  *>     
  *>    In addition, as well as NSIS (presumably the NTLP) providing a 
  *>    'native' capability to determine the peer to carry out signaling 
  *>    with, it is possible that this information could be provided from 
  *>    some external source (which might be helpful in some access 
  *>    scenarios, or in the path-decoupled case). See also the security 
  *>    discussion in section 6. 
  *>     
  *>    Actually providing these functions might require enhancements to 
  *>    these other protocols. These are still to be identified. 
  *>  
  *> 4.3 Protocol Structure 
  *> 
  *> 4.3.1  Internal Layering 
  *> 
  *>    We can model NSIS in two layers, as shown in Figure 3. This is 
  *>    initially just a way of grouping associated functionality, and does 
  *>    not mean that all these layers could necessarily operate or even be 
  *>    implemented independently. 

I'm not sure I agree with the last sentence.

  *>     
  *>                     .................................. 
  *>                     .     Signaling Application      . 
  *>                     .        (section 4.2)           . 
  *>                     .                                . 
  *>                     +--------------------------------+ 
  *>                     | NSIS Signaling Layer Protocol  | 
  *>                     |  (for some specific signaling  | 
  *>                     |          application)          | 
  *>                     |                                | 
  *>                     +--------------------------------+ 
  *>                     | NSIS Transport Layer Protocol  | 
  *>                     |      ....................      | 
  *>                     |      .Standard transport.      | 
  *>                     |      . protocol (maybe) .      | 
  *>                     |      ....................      | 
  *>                     +--------------------------------+ 
  *>                     .     Interface to IP layer      . 
  *>                     .         (section 4.1)          . 
  *>                     .                                . 
  *>                     .................................. 
  *>     
  *>                       Figure 3: NSIS Layer Structure 

This diagram seems redundant with Figure 2.  See also my comment there.

  *>     
  *>    The lower layer interface (to IP) has been described in section 4.1. 
  *>    The support of the signaling application is as described in section 
  *>    4.2. The degree of independence between the NTLP and NSLP is unclear 
  *>    and might depend on the particular signaling application. To make the 
  *>    NTLP independent of the signaling application, we must allow that 
  *>    NSLPs could be explicitly dependent on the layer below. This is 

?? Huh?? I don't understand this.

  *>    similar to the ALSP/CSTP coupling described in [8]. 
  *>     
  *>    The distinction between the NTLP and any 'Standard Transport 
  *>    Protocol' is not functionally clear cut, but one of convenience. In 
  *>    outline: 
  *>     *) The 'standard' protocol could provide (at most) functionality 
  *>    which might be available from existing protocols, such as SCTP [9] or 
  *>    IPSec [10]. An extreme case could be the binding update messages of 
  *>    mobility signaling (section 5.3.4). 
  *>     *) The NTLP provides (at least) functionality which is somehow 
  *>    specific to path-coupled signaling. 
  *>     
  *>    Functionality reasonable to re-use from existing protocols might 
  *>    include reliability and re-ordering protection, dead peer detection 
  *>    (keepalive), multihoming support, payload multiplexing 

(BTW, strictly, existing transport protocols (TCP, UDP) don't provide
keep-alives.  The NTLP can program keep-alives, however.)

  *>    (piggybacking), and security services, such as establishment of 
  *>    security contexts and carrying out key exchange. 
  *>     
  *>    Functionality which would probably have to be in the NTLP would 
  *>    include flow and reservation identification, some error handling, 
>>              ...................................
(See my earlier comment about CSTP)

  *>    demultiplexing between different NSLPs, as well as possibly the basic 
  *>    NSIS messages. More details on the messages are in section 4.3.2 and 
  *>    the identifier aspects in section 4.5. 
  *>     
  *>    The choice of using functionality from an existing protocol or re-
  *>    specifying it as part of the NTLP is for further analysis. It 
  *>    probably depends on the function in question, and in the end might be 
  *>    left flexible to allow optimization to local circumstances. (For 
  *>    example, Diameter allows the use of IPSec for security services, but 
  *>    also includes its own CMS application as an alternative.) Whichever 
  *>    approach is taken, the combination of NTLP and supporting transport 
  *>    protocol must provide a uniform protocol capability to the NSLPs 
  *>    which support the actual signaling applications. 
  *>  
  *> 4.3.2  Protocol Messages 
  *> 
  *>    The NSIS protocols will include a set of messages to carry out 
  *>    particular operations along the signaling path. Initial work for RSVP 
  *>    concentrated on the particular case of QoS signaling, although the 
  *>    implication of the analysis in [8] is that this message set 
  *>    generalizes to a wide variety of signaling applications and so we use 
  *>    it as a starting point. (A very similar set of messages was generated 
  *>    in [11].) However, in principle, the necessary basic messages could 
  *>    depend on the signaling application that NSIS is being used for, 
  *>    which means that we are not specific here about whether these 
  *>    messages are visible within the NTLP or only NSLP.    
  *>  
  *>    Note that the 'direction' column in the table below only indicates 
  *>    the 'orientation' of the message. The messages can be originated and 
  *>    absorbed at NF nodes as well as the NI or NR; an example might be NFs 
  *>    at the edge of a domain exchanging NSIS messages to set up resources 
  *>    for a flow across a it. 

I question that example; perhaps it would be more consistent with the
model to consider that the NFs at the edge are then acting as NIs.

  *>     
  *>    Note the working assumption that responder as well as the initiator 
  *>    can release a reservation (comparable to rejecting it in the first 
  *>    place). It is left open if the responder can modify a reservation, 
  *>    during or after setup. This seems mainly a matter of assumptions 
  *>    about authorization, and the possibilities might depend on resource 
  *>    type specifics. 
  *>     
  *>    +-------+---------+---------------------------------------------+ 
  *>    | Name  |Direction|                  Semantics                  | 
  *>    +-------+---------+---------------------------------------------+ 
  *>    |Request| I-->R   |     Create a new reservation for a flow     | 
  *>    +-------+---------+---------------------------------------------+ 
  *>    |Modify | I-->R   |        Modify an existing reservation       | 
  *>    |       |(&R-->I?)|                                             | 
  *>    +-------+---------+---------------------------------------------+ 
  *>    |Release| I-->R & |  Delete (tear down) an existing reservation | 
  *>    |       |  R-->I  |                                             | 
  *>    +-------+---------+---------------------------------------------+ 
  *>    |Accept/| R-->I   |  Confirm (possibly modified?) or reject a   | 
  *>    | Reject|         |             reservation request             | 
  *>    +-------+---------+---------------------------------------------+ 
  *>    |Notify | I-->R & |     Report an event detected within the     | 
  *>    |       |  R-->I  |  network (e.g. congestion condition or end  | 
  *>    |       |         |                of condition)                |

I worry about a naive introduction of congestion mechanism here.  How will it
interact with Internet congestion control?  Internet congestion is
a large and deep topic.

 
  *>    +-------+---------+---------------------------------------------+ 
  *>    |Refresh| I-->R   |      State management (see section 4.4)     | 
  *>    +-------+---------+---------------------------------------------+ 
  *>     
  *>    The table also explicitly includes a refresh message. This does 
  *>    nothing to a reservation except extend its lifetime, and is one 
  *>    possible state management mechanism for NSIS. This is considered in 
  *>    more detail in section 4.4. 
  *>     
  *> 4.4 State Management 
  *> 
  *>    The prime purpose of NSIS is to manage state information along the 
  *>    path taken by a data flow. There two critical issues to be considered 
  *>    in building a robust protocol to handle this problem: 
  *>     *) The protocol must be scalable. It should minimize the state 
  *>    storage demands that it makes on intermediate nodes; in particular, 
  *>    storage of state per 'micro' flow is likely to be impossible except 
  *>    at the very edge of the network.

How about:
	For example, storage of resource state for every micro-flow may
	be infeasible in core networks but feasible at the network edges.

  *>     *) The protocol must be robust against failure and other conditions, 
  *>    which imply that the stored state has to be moved or removed. 
  *>     
  *>    The total amount of state that has to be stored depends both on NSIS 
  *>    and on the specific signaling application in use. The signaling 
  *>    application might require per flow or lower granularity state; 
####                              per micro-flow or ...

  *>    examples of each for the case of QoS would be IntServ or RMD (per 
  *>    'class' state) respectively. The NSIS protocol should not overburden 
  *>    an application that was otherwise lightweight in state requirement. 

WHAT does that last sentence mean??  (Suggest delete it.)

  *>    However, depending on design details, it might require storage of 
  *>    per-flow state including reverse path peer addressing, simply for 
  *>    sending NSIS messages themselves. 
  *>     
  *>    There are several robustness problems, which roughly align with the 
  *>    'layers' of the NSIS protocols of Figure 3, that can be handled by 
  *>    the soft state principle. (Independence of these layers therefore 
  *>    implies the danger of duplication of functionality.) This relies on 

What does the sentence in parentheses mean?

  *>    periodic refresh of the state information with the current context, 
  *>    relying on invalid state being timed out. Soft state can be used 
  *>    either as the primary mechanism to handle the problem, or sometimes 
  *>    as a backup to some other approach. 
  *>     

You can be more explicit than "some other approach".

  *>     *) At the lowest level, soft state can be used to detect dead NSIS 
  *>    peers - loss of several periodic messages implies termination of the 
  *>    signaling. (The same inference can be made e.g. if failure is 
  *>    detected at the link layer.) The assumption is then that the 
  *>    corresponding reservation should be automatically deleted, and the 
  *>    deletion propagated along the remainder of the path. 
  *>     
  *>     *) At the next level, in the event of a routing change (for example 
  *>    caused by network changes or end host mobility), reservation state 
  *>    should be removed from the old path and added to the new one. This 
  *>    will be handled automatically by periodic messaging, provided that 
  *>    the entities on the new path accept a Refresh message to install a 
  *>    new reservation. (A partial alternative is to have a routing-aware 
  *>    NSIS implementation, if the route change takes place at an NSIS-aware 
  *>    node.) 

	How about:
		To provide immediate response to a routing change, it is
		desirable to have the signaling protocol notified of
		routing changes so it can do local repair.

  *>     
  *>     *) At the highest level, a particular signaling application might 
  *>    have timing limits associated with a particular reservation (e.g. 
  *>    credit limited network access). Periodic re-authorized requests can 
  *>    be used as part of the time control. 
  *>     
  *>    All of these can be handled with a single soft state mechanism, 
  *>    although it may be hard to choose a single refresh interval and 
  *>    message loss threshold appropriate for all of them. Even where 
  *>    alternative approaches are possible, for example using knowledge of 
  *>    the fact that a routing change has occurred to trigger an explicit 
  *>    release message, it seems that a soft state mechanism is always 
  *>    necessary as a backup. 
  *>     

Even such a soft-state booster as myself would not claim "necessary";
how about "desirable"?

  *> 4.5 Identity Elements 
  *> 
  *>    NSIS will carry certain identifiers within the NTLP. The most 
  *>    significant identifier needs seem to be the following. 
  *>     
  *> 4.5.1  Flow Identification 
  *> 
  *>    The flow identification is a method of identifying a flow in a unique 
  *>    way. All packets and/or messages that are associated with the same 
  *>    flow will be identified by the same flow identifier. In principle, it 
####                                        flow identification. For example, it

  *>    could be a combination of the following information (note that this 
  *>    is not an exclusive list of information that could be used for flow 
  *>    identification): 
  *>     *) source IP address; 
  *>     *) destination IP address; 
  *>     *) protocol identifier and higher layer (port) addressing; 
  *>     *) flow label (typical for IPv6); 
  *>     *) SPI field for IPSec encapsulated traffic; 
  *>     *) DSCP/TOS field 
  *>     
  *>    We've assumed here that the flow identification is not hidden within 
  *>    the NSLP, but is explicitly part of the NTLP. The justification for 
  *>    this is that it might be valuable to be able to do NSIS processing 
  *>    even at a node which was unaware of the specific signaling 
  *>    application; this would be a case of an NSIS forwarder with no 
  *>    interface to any resource management function. An example scenario 
  *>    would be NSIS messages passing through an addressing boundary where 
  *>    the flow identification had to be re-written. 
  *>     

This is an interesting example, but I still think that such rewriting
would want to be done at the ULSP level.  You have to make some
strong assumptions here (which are not discussed anywhere in your
document): that the SAPU is encoded in such a way that an NE that
is unaware of its detailed contents can still determine what fields
contain addresses that need to be translated.  Or else, you HAVE
to have an instance of a particular signaling application to do
the rewriting in any node.

  *>    The very flexibility possible in flow classification is a possible 
  *>    source of difficulties: when wildcards or ranges are included, it is 
  *>    probably unreasonable to assume a standard classification capability 
  *>    in routers; on the other hand, negotiating this capability would be a 
  *>    significant protocol complexity. 
  *>     
  *> 4.5.2  Reservation Identification 
  *> 
  *>    There are several circumstances where it is important to be able to 
  *>    refer to a reservation independently of whatever other information is 
####                                            its flow identification.XXXXX

  *>    associated with it. The prime example is a mobility-induced address 
####    XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

  *>    change (handover) which required the flow identifier associated with 
####                                         flow identification

  *>    a reservation to be rewritten without installing a totally new 
  *>    reservation (see section 5.3.1 for some security and scoping 
  *>    implications of this use). The same capability could also be used to 
  *>    simplify refresh or release messages in some circumstances, and might 
  *>    be useful within the protocol to resolve reservation collisions 
  *>    (where both sender and receiver initiate for the same flow). 

I have yet to be convinced that it is actually "important".  The last
reason seems weak; a competant protocol design would take account
of such collision if it is a possibility, and using the flow
identification.

  *>     
  *>    A reservation identifier performs these roles. It is open how the 
  *>    reservation identifier space should be defined and managed, and what 
  *>    the scope of the identifier should be (only peer-peer, or end-end, 
  *>    when interpreted in conjunction with some of the addressing 
  *>    information). Some of the necessary identifier functions, especially 
  *>    to do with local operation of NSIS, may also be provided by lower 
  *>    layer signaling transport protocols. 
  *>     
  *> 4.5.3  NSLP Identification 
  *> 
  *>    Since the NTLP can be used to support several NSLPs, there is a need 
  *>    to identify which one a particular NSIS message is being used for: 
  *>     *) processing incoming messages at a responder - the NTLP should be 
  *>    able to demultiplex these towards the appropriate signaling 
  *>    application; 
  *>     *) processing general NSIS messages at an NSIS aware intermediate 
  *>    node - if the node does not handle the specific signaling 
  *>    application, it should be able to make a forwarding decision without 
  *>    having to parse the upper layer information. 
  *>     
  *>    Signaling application identifiers would probably require an IANA 
  *>    registry.  
  *>  
  *> 5. NSIS Protocol Interactions 
  *> 
  *>    So far as possible, the NSIS protocol should be usable in isolation, 
  *>    without explicitly depending on other protocols to operate. However, 
  *>    in many cases, NSIS functionality overlaps with the problem spaces of 
  *>    other protocols. In order to determine the boundaries which minimize 
  *>    any explicit interdependencies, these protocol interactions must be 
  *>    analyzed. 
  *>     
  *>    This is different from considering the use of NSIS protocols to 
  *>    support a particular signaling application, or example configurations 
  *>    in which NSIS might be deployed. These subjects are discussed in 
  *>    section 7. 
  *>                            
  *> 5.1 Resource Management Interactions 
  *> 

(See my overview message about this section).

...

  *>  
  *> 5.2 IP Routing Interactions 
  *> 
  *>    Several situations may occur when routing diverges from standard 
  *>    layer 3 routing. These are summarized in the sections below. 

There is a LOT more to say about routing interactions, even with
"standard layer 3 routing"!!

  *>     
  *> 5.2.1  Load Sharing 
  *> 
  *>    Load sharing or load balancing is a network optimization technique 
  *>    that exploits the existence of multiple paths to the same destination 
  *>    in order to obtain benefits in terms of protection, resource 
  *>    efficiency or network stability. The significance of load sharing in 
  *>    the context of NSIS is that, if the load sharing mechanism in use 
  *>    will forward packets on any basis other than source and destination 
  *>    address, routing of NSIS messages using end-to-end addressing does 
  *>    not guarantee that the messages will follow the data path. In this 
  *>    section, we briefly survey what standard methods have been used for 
  *>    load sharing within standard routing protocols. 
  *>     
  *>    In OSPF, load balancing can be used between equal cost paths [12] or 
  *>    unequal cost paths. An example of the latter approach is Optimized 
  *>    Multi Path (OMP). OMP discovers multiple paths, not necessarily equal 
  *>    cost paths, to any destinations in the network, but based on the load 
  *>    reported from a particular path, it determines which fraction of the 
  *>    traffic to direct to the given path. Incoming packets are subject to 
  *>    a (source, destination address) hash computation, and effective load 
  *>    sharing is accomplished by means of adjusting the hash thresholds. 
  *>     
  *>    BGP [13][14] advertises the routes chosen by the BGP decision process 
  *>    to other BGP speakers. In the basic specification, routes with the 
  *>    same Network Layer reachability information (NLRI) as previously 
  *>    advertised routes implicitly replace the original advertisement, 
  *>    which means that multiple paths for the same prefix cannot exist. 
  *>    Recently, however, a new mechanism was defined that will allow the 
  *>    advertisement of multiple paths for the same prefix without the new 
  *>    paths implicitly replacing any previous ones [15]. The essence of the 
  *>    mechanism is that each path is identified by an arbitrary identifier 
  *>    in addition to its prefix. 
  *>     
  *>    The distribution of traffic over the available path may be done per 
  *>    destination, per message in a round-robin fashion or with a 
  *>    predefined hashing function. The determination of the hashing image 
  *>    may take into account the source/destination IP address, QoS 
  *>    information such as the DSCP or protocol ID. When the routing 
  *>    decision is no longer based on the destination address only, however, 
  *>    there is a risk that data plane messages and control plane messages 
  *>    will not follow the same route. 
  *>     
  *> 
  *>  
  *>  
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  *>                   Next Steps in Signaling: Framework     November 2002   
  *>  
  *> 5.2.2  QoS Routing 
  *> 
  *>    The are several proposals for the introduction of QoS awareness in 
  *>    the routing protocols. All of these essentially lead to the existence 
  *>    of multiple paths (with different QoS) towards the same destination. 
  *>    As such, they also contain an inherent risk for a divergence between 
  *>    control plane and data plane, similar to the load sharing case. 
  *>     
  *>    For intra-domain traffic, the difference in routing may result from a 
  *>    QoS-aware traffic engineering scheme, that e.g. maps incoming traffic 
  *>    to LSPs based on multi-field classification. In BGP, several 
  *>    techniques for including QoS information in the routing decision are 
  *>    currently proposed. A first proposal is based on a newly defined 
  *>    BGP-4 attribute, the QoS_NLRI attribute [16]. The QoS_NLRI attribute 
  *>    is an optional transitive attribute that can be used to advertise a 
  *>    QoS route to a peer or to provide QoS information in along with the 
  *>    Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI) in a single BGP update. 
  *>    A second proposal is based on controlled redistribution of AS routes 
  *>    [17]. It defines a new extended community (the redistribution 
  *>    extended community) that allows a router to influence how a specific 
  *>    route should be redistributed towards a specified set of eBGP 
  *>    speakers. The types of redistribution communities may result in a 
  *>    specific route not being announced to a specified set of eBGP 
  *>    speakers, that it should not be exported or that the route should be 
  *>    prepended n times. 
  *>     
  *> 5.2.3  Route pinning 
  *> 
  *>    Route pinning refers to the independence of the path taken by certain 
  *>    data packets from reachability changes caused by routing updates from 
  *>    an Interior Gateway Protocol (OSPF, IS-IS) or an Exterior Gateway 
  *>    Protocol (BGP). This independence may for instance be caused by the 
  *>    configuration of static LSPs or by the establishment of explicitly 
  *>    routed LSPs by means of a signaling protocol (RSVP-TE or CR-LDP). If 
  *>    the NSIS signaling messages follow standard Layer 3 routing, this may 
  *>    cause a divergence between control plane and data plane. If 
  *>    reservations are made on the control plane, this may result in 
  *>    sending data along an unreserved path while maintaining a reservation 
  *>    on a path that is not used. 
  *>     
  *> 5.2.4  Route Changes 
  *> 
  *>    In this section, we will explore the expected interworking between a 
  *>    signaling for resource BGP routing updates, although the same applies 
  *>    for any source of routing updates. The normal operation of the NSIS 
  *>    protocol will lead to the situation depicted in Figure 5, where the 
  *>    reserved resources match the data path. 
  *>  
  *>  
  *>                     reserved +----+  reserved  +----+ 
  *>                      ------->| NF |----------->| NF | 
  *>                              +----+            +----+ 
  *>                   ===================================== 
  *>                                 data path 
  *>     
  *>                  Figure 5: Normal NSIS protocol operation 
  *>     
  *>    A route change (triggered by a BGP routing update for instance) can 
  *>    occur while such a reservation is in place. In case of RSVP, the 
  *>    route change will be installed immediately and any data that is sent 
  *>    will be forwarded on the new path. This situation is depicted 
  *>    Figure 6. 
  *>     
  *>                            Route update 
  *>                                 | 
  *>                                 v 
  *>                     reserved +----+  reserved  +----+ 
  *>                      ------->| NF |----------->| NF | 
  *>                              +----+            +----+ 
  *>                      ========== | 
  *>                              || |           +----+ 
  *>                              || +---------->| NF | 
  *>                              ||             +----+ 
  *>                              ============================ 
  *>                                data path 
  *>     
  *>                           Figure 6: Route Change 
  *>     
  *>    Resource reservation on the new path will only be started once the 
  *>    next control message is routed along the new path. This means that 
  *>    there is a certain time interval during which resources are not 
  *>    reserved on (part of) the data path. To minimize this time interval 
  *>    several techniques could be considered. As an example, RSVP [18] has 
  *>    the concept of local repair, where the router may be triggered by a 
  *>    route change. In that case the RSVP node can start sending PATH 
  *>    messages directly after the route has been changed. Note that this 
  *>    option may not be available for NSIS if no per-flow state is kept in 
  *>    the NF. 
  *>     
  *>    It is not guaranteed that the new path will be able to provide the 
  *>    same guarantees that were available on the old path. Therefore, in a 
  *>    more desirable scenario, the NF should wait until resources have been 
  *>    reserved on the new path before installing the route change. The 
  *>    route change procedure then consists of the following steps: 
  *>     1. NF receives a route announcement, 
  *>     2. Refresh messages are forwarded along the current path, 
  *> 
  *>  
  *>  
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  *>                   Next Steps in Signaling: Framework     November 2002   
  *>  
  *>     3. A copy of the refresh message is remarked as request and send 
  *>    along the new path that was announced, 
  *>     4. When the NF has been acknowledged about the reservations on the 
  *>    new path the route will be installed and the traffic will flow along 
  *>    the new path. 
  *>     
  *>    Another example related to route changes is denoted as severe 
  *>    congestion and is explained in [19]. This solution adapts to a route 
  *>    change, when a route change creates a congestion on the new routed 
  *>    path. 
  *>     
  *> 5.2.5  Router Redundancy 
  *> 
  *>    In some environments, it is desired to provide connectivity and per 
  *>    flow or per class resource management with high-availability 
  *>    characteristics, i.e. with rapid transparent recovery even in the 
  *>    presence of route changes. This may involve interactions with the 
  *>    basic protocols which are used to manage the routing in this case, 
  *>    such as VRRP [20]. A future version of this document may consider 
  *>    interactions between NSIS and such protocols in support of high 
  *>    availability functionality. 
  *>  
  *> 5.3 Mobility Interactions 
  *> 
  *>    The interactions between mobility and resource signaling protocols 
  *>    have been extensively analyzed in recent years, primarily in the 
  *>    context of RSVP and Mobile IP interaction (e.g. [21]), but also in 
  *>    the context of other types of network (e.g. [22]). This analysis work 
  *>    has shown that some difficulties in the interactions are quite deep 
  *>    seated in the detailed design of these protocols; however, the 
  *>    problems and their possible solutions fall under five broad headings. 
  *>    The main issue is to limit the period after handovers during which 
  *>    the resource state has not been installed on the path, in particular 
  *>    the new part of the path. 
  *>     
  *>    We can use this work as the starting point for considering the 
  *>    framework aspects of a new signaling protocol like NSIS, which will 
  *>    need to interwork with mobility signaling, from Mobile IP to mobility 
  *>    paradigms based on micromobility or application layer approaches. 
  *>     
  *> 5.3.1  Addressing and Encapsulation 
  *> 
  *>    A mobility solution typically involves address reallocation on 
  *>    handover (unless a network supports per host routing) and may involve 
  *>    special packet formats (e.g. the routing header and Home Address 
  *>    option of MIPv6). Since NSIS may depend on end system addresses for 
  *>    forwarding signaling messages and defining flows (section 4.5.1), the 
  *>    special implications of mobility for addressing need to be 
  *>  
  *>  
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  *>                   Next Steps in Signaling: Framework     November 2002   
  *>  
  *>    considered. Examples of possible approaches that could be used to 
  *>    solve the addressing and encapsulation problem are as follows: 
  *>     *) Use a flow identification based on low level IP addresses (e.g. 
  *>    the Care of Address) and other 'standard' fields in the IP header. 
  *>    This makes least demands on the packet classification engines within 
  *>    the network. However, it means that even on a part of the flow path 
  *>    which is unchanged, the reservation will need to be modified to 
  *>    reflect the changed flow identification (see section 5.3.3). 
  *>     *) Use a flow identification that does not change (e.g. based on 
  *>    Home Address); this is the approach assumed in [23]. This simplifies 
  *>    the problem of reservation update, at the likely cost of considerably 
  *>    complicating the flow identification requirements. 
  *>     
  *>    In the first approach, to prevent double reservation, NSIS nodes need 

I wonder about the emphasis on double reservation.  It is unclear to me
that this is really a primary issue.  I understand that these networks
are typically under-provisioned (though I wonder how long that will be
true as the technology continues to mature), but that can be
statistically compensated for by a bit of over-booking ;-) oops, sorry,
I meant optimistic reservation.  It seems quite possible to me that one
can get good enough service, with much simpler protocols, if you just
forget about the double-reservation problem.  A combination of local
repair, timeouts, and judicious optimistic reservation might work most
of the time.  Are there simultation results on these questions?

  *>    to be able to recognize that a reservation with the new flow 
  *>    identifier is to be correlated with an existing one. The reservation 
  *>    identifier (section 4.5.2) was introduced for exactly this purpose. 
  *>    Note that this would require the reservation identifier to have 
  *>    (secure) end to end significance. (An additional optimization here 
  *>    would be use a local mobility management scheme to localize the 
  *>    visibility of the address change.) 
  *>     
  *>    The feasibility and performance of this first approach needs to be 
  *>    assessed, including a detailed analysis of the signaling scenarios 
  *>    after a handover. However, given the high impact of requiring more 
  *>    sophisticated packet classifiers, initially it still seems more 
  *>    plausible than the second approach. This implies that the NSIS 
  *>    initiator should define flows in terms of real (care of) addresses 
  *>    rather than virtual (home) addresses. Thus, it would have detailed 
  *>    access to lower layer interface configuration (cf. section 4.1), 
  *>    rather than operating as a pure application level daemon as is 
  *>    commonplace with current RSVP implementations. 
  *>     
  *> 5.3.2  Localized Path Repair 
  *> 
  *>    In any mobility approach, a handover will cause at least some changes 
  *>    in the path of upstream and downstream packets. NSIS needs to install 
  *>    new state on the new path, and remove it on the old. Provided that 
  *>    some NSIS node on the joined path - the crossover router - can 
  *>    recognize this situation (which again depends on reservation 
  *>    identification), state installation and teardown can be done locally 
  *>    between it and the mobile node. (This may have implications for which 
  *>    entities are allowed to generate which message types, see section 
  *>    4.3.2). It seems that the basic NSIS framework already contains the 
  *>    fundamental components necessary for this. 
  *>     
  *>    A critical point here is the signaling that is used to discover the 
  *>    crossover router. This is a generalization of the problem of finding 
  *>    next-NSIS-hop nodes: it requires extending the new path over several 
  *>    hops until it intersects the old one. This is easy for uplink traffic 
  *>    (where the mobile is the sender), but much harder for downlink 
  *>    traffic without signaling via the correspondent. There is no reason 
  *>    for the crossover routers for uplink and downlink flows to be the 
  *>    same, even for the same correspondent. The problem is discussed 
  *>    further in [24]. 
  *>     
  *> 5.3.3  Reservation Update on the Unchanged Path 
  *> 
  *>    On the path between the crossover router(s) and the correspondent, it 
  *>    is necessary to avoid, if possible, double reservations, but rather 

Ditto.

  *>    to update the reservation state to reflect new flow identification 
  *>    (if this is needed, which is the default assumption of section 
  *>    5.3.1). Examples of approaches that could be used to solve this 
  *>    problem are the following: 
  *>     *) Use a reservation state definition that does not change even if 
  *>    the flow definition changes (see Section 4.5.2). In this case this 
  *>    problem is solved. 
  *>     *) Use signaling all the way to the correspondent node (receiver end 
  *>    host), accepting the additional latency that this might impose. 
  *>     *) Use an NSIS-capable crossover router that manages this 
  *>    reservation update autonomously (more efficiently than the end 
  *>    nodes), with similar considerations to the local path repair case. 
  *>     
  *> 5.3.4  Interaction with Mobility Signaling 
  *> 
  *>    In existing work on mobility protocol and resource signaling protocol 
  *>    interactions, several framework proposals describing the protocol 
  *>    interactions have been made. Usually they have taken existing 
  *>    protocols (Mobile IP and RSVP respectively) as the starting point; it 
  *>    should be noted that an NSIS protocol might operate in quite a 
  *>    different way. In this section, we provide an overview of how these 
  *>    proposals would be reflected in framework of NSIS. The mobility 
  *>    aspects are described using Mobile IP terminology, but are generally 
  *>    applicable to other network layer mobility solutions. The purpose of 
  *>    this overview is not to select or prioritise any particular approach, 
  *>    but simply to point out how they would fit into our framework and any 
  *>    major issues with them. 
  *>     
  *>    We can consider that two signaling processes are active: mobility 
  *>    signaling (e.g. binding updates or local micromobility signals) and 
  *>    NSIS. The discussion so far considered how NSIS should operate. There 
  *>    is still a question of how the interactions between the NSIS and 
  *>    mobility signaling should be considered. 
  *>     
  *>    The basic case of totally independent specification and 
  *>    implementation seems likely to lead to ambiguities and even 
  *>  
  *>  
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  *>                   Next Steps in Signaling: Framework     November 2002   
  *>  
  *>    interoperability problems (see [23]). At least, the addressing and 
  *>    encapsulation issues for mobility solutions that use virtual links or 
  *>    their equivalents need to be specified in an implementation-neutral 
  *>    way. 
  *>     
  *>    A type of 'loose' integration is to have independent protocol 
  *>    definitions, but to define how they trigger each other - in 
  *>    particular, how the mobility protocol triggers NSIS to send 
  *>    refresh/modify/tear messages. A pair of implementations could use 
  *>    these triggers to improve performance, primarily reducing latency. 
  *>    (Existing RSVP modification consider the closer interaction of making 
  *>    the RSVP implementation mobility-routing aware, e.g. so it is able to 
  *>    localize refresh signaling; this would be a self contained aspect of 
  *>    NSIS.) This information could be developed for NSIS by analyzing 
  *>    message flows for various mobility signaling scenarios as was done 
  *>    in [21]. 
  *>     
  *>    An even tighter level of integration is to consider a single protocol 
  *>    carrying both mobility and resource information. Logically, there are 
  *>    two cases: 

Wow.  Well, yes, it's possible. but ...

This is really a special case of the general issue that we faced when
we first started RSVP design in 1992 -- how should routing and
reservation relate?  It was perfectly clear that we could do
reservation by adding enough machinery to OSPF, but that did not seem
to be a feasible approach.  Besides the difficulty of getting it
through the IETF, implemented, and deployed, there was a realistic fear
the that resulting OSPF would fall over from sheer complexity.  Besides,
we would then have to modify EVERY routing protocol to do reservation,
and that seemed totally unrealistic.  So we kept them separate, but
this led to ugly things like route pinning and QoR routing, and really
making it work is still a largely unsolved technical problem.

This subject is HARD.

  *>     1. Carry mobility routing information (a 'mobility object') in the 
  *>    resource messages, as is done in [23]. (The prime purpose in this 
  *>    approach is to enable crossover router discovery.) 
  *>     2. Carry resource signaling in the mobility messages, typically as a 
  *>    new extension header. This was proposed in [25] and followed up 
  *>    in [26]; [27] also anticipates this approach. In our framework, we 
  *>    could consider this a special case of NSIS layering, with the 
  *>    mobility protocol playing the role of the signaling transport (as 
  *>    in 4.3.1). 
  *>    The usefulness of this class of approach depends on a tradeoff 
  *>    between specification simplicity and performance. Simulation work is 
  *>    under way to compare the performance of the two approaches in the 
  *>    case of RSVP and micromobility protocols. 
  *>     
  *>    Other modes of interaction might also be possible. The critical point 
  *>    with all these models is that the general solutions developed by NSIS 
  *>    should not depend fundamentally on the choice of any particular 
  *>    mobility protocol. Especially if it has interdomain scope, tight 
  *>    integration would have major deployment issues (even loose 
  *>    integration could require NSIS implementations to hook into multiple 
  *>    different mobility protocols). Therefore, any tightly integrated 
  *>    solution should be considered out of scope of initial NSIS 
  *>    development, and even in the long term is probably only applicable if 
  *>    it can be localized within a particular part of the network. 
  *>   
  *> 
  *>  
  *> 5.3.5  Interaction with Fast Handoff Support Protocols 
  *> 
  *>    In the context of mobility between different access routers, it is 
  *>    common to consider performance optimizations in two areas: selection 
  *>    of the optimal access router to handover to, and transfer of state 
  *>    information between the access routers to avoid having to regenerate 
  *>    it in the new access router after handover. The seamoby working group 
  *>    is developing solutions for these protocols for pure IP based 
  *>    networks (CARD[28] and CT[29] respectively); other networks, which 

Huh? We are developing signaling for "pure IP-based networks"; what
other kind would be the subject of an IETF working group? 

  *>    use NSIS for resource signaling within the network, may use different 
  *>    types of solution. 
  *>     
  *>    In this section, we consider how NSIS should interact with these 
  *>    functions, however they are implemented. Detailed solutions are not 
  *>    proposed, but the way in which interaction these functions is seen 
  *>    within the NSIS framework is described. NSIS should be able to 
  *>    operate independently of these protocols. However, significant 
  *>    performance gains could be achieved if they could be made to 
  *>    cooperate. In addition, the resource signaling aspects of these 
  *>    protocols could profitably use a common set of resource types and 
  *>    definitions, since they will probably be supporting the same overall 
  *>    signaling application. 
  *>     
  *>    The question arises, what the mode of interaction should be: 
  *>    independent operation, NSIS triggering access router discovery and 
  *>    state transfer, or vice versa. The questions for the two cases seem 
  *>    to be independent. 
  *>     
  *>    For access router discovery, a typical model of operation is that the 
  *>    mobile carries out an information gathering exercise about a range of 
  *>    capabilities. In addition, where those capabilities relate purely to 
  *>    the AR and mobile, there is no role for NSIS (its special 
  *>    functionality is not relevant). However, considering resource 
  *>    aspects, one aspect of the AR 'capability' is resource availability 
  *>    on the path between it and the correspondent, and NSIS should be able 
  *>    to fulfill this part. Indeed, this is effectively precisely the 
  *>    application considered in [26], where it is a sort of special case of 
  *>    resource signaling during handover. 
  *>     
  *>    Therefore, a possible model of access router discovery/NSIS 
  *>    relationship is that some entity in a candidate AR triggers NSIS 
  *>    using resource and reservation information (including reservation id) 
  *>    from the current AR to find out about what would be available on the 
  *>    new path. Note that this should be a query rather than an actual 
  *>    reservation; this semantic could be included either in the NTLP or 
  *>    NSLP. 
  *>  
  *>    The case of state transfer is more complex. There are two obvious 
  *>    options, corresponding to whether one transfers just signaling 
  *>    application state or NSIS state as well: 
  *>     1. "State transfer triggering NSIS": A state transfer process passes 
  *>    the 'raw' resource state to the new AR. This triggers a new instance 
  *>    of NSIS to request that resource. 
  *>     2. "NSIS using state transfer": NSIS transfers its own state 
  *>    information from the old to the new AR. It can then carry out the 
  *>    same update signaling as though it was a single 'virtual AR' which 
  *>    had just had a topology change towards the correspondent. (This is 
  *>    essentially the conceptual model of [21].) 
  *>     
  *>    The first model is simpler, and maybe more in line with the basic 
  *>    state transfer expectation; however, it seems hard to avoid double 
  *>    reservations since the two NSIS protocol instances are not 
  *>    coordinated. Therefore, the second model seems more appropriate. An 
  *>    advantage of the 'virtual AR' model is that it ensures that the 
  *>    impact of the interaction is limited to the NSIS instances at ARs 
  *>    themselves, since the rest of the network must be able to handle a 
  *>    topology change anyway. 
  *>  
  *>    Note that there is an open issue of who is responsible between the 
  *>    mobile and AR to decide that the state transfer procedures have not 
  *>    happened for whatever reason - e.g. because they were not even 
  *>    implemented - and take recovery action to have the mobile refresh 
  *>    reservations promptly. It appears this has to be an NSIS 
  *>    responsibility in the AR, and probably requires a custom notification 
  *>    message for this circumstance. 
  *>     
  *> 5.4 NSIS Interacting with NATs 
  *> 
  *>    Because at least some NSIS messages will almost inevitably contain 
  *>    address and possibly higher layer information as payload (see section 
  *>    4.5.1), we must consider the interaction between NSIS and address 
  *>    translation devices (NATs). As well as 'traditional' NATs of various 
  *>    types (as defined in [30]) very similar considerations would apply to 
  *>    some IPv4/v6 transition mechanisms such as SIIT [31]. 
  *>     
  *>    In the simplest case of an NSIS unaware NAT in the signaling path, 
  *>    payloads will be uncorrected and the signaling will be for the 
  *>    incorrect flow. Applications could attempt to use STUN [32] or 
  *>    similar techniques to detect and recover from the presence of the 
  *>    NAT. Even then, NSIS would have to use a well known encapsulation 
  *>    (TCP/UDP/ICMP) to avoid being dropped by the more cautious low-end 
  *>    NAT devices. 

I *LIKE* it!  Listen up, Melinda.  We need NSIS over HTTP, clearly!

  *>     
  *>    A simple 'NSIS-aware' NAT would require flow identification 
  *>    information to be in the clear and not integrity protected. An 
  *>    alternative conceptual approach is to consider the NAT functionality 
  *>    being part of NSIS message processing itself, in which case the 
  *>    translating node can take part natively in any NSIS security 
  *>    mechanisms. Depending on NSIS layering, it could be possible for this 
  *>    processing to be done in an NSIS node which was otherwise ignorant of 
  *>    any particular NSIS signaling applications. 
  *>     
  *>    Note that all of this discussion is independent of the use of NSIS 
  *>    for general control of NATs (and firewalls). This is considered in 
  *>    section 7.4. 
  *>     
  *> 6. Security and AAA Considerations 
  *> 
  *>    A framework is meant to create boundaries for a later protocol and to 
  *>    describe the interaction between the protocol and its environment. 
  *>    Security issues usually turn out to have impacts in the interaction 
  *>    of these protocols and must therefore be appropriately addressed in 
  *>    such a framework. This section describes these general security 
  *>    issues, and in particular considers the interactions between NSIS and 
  *>    authentication, authorization and accounting. Together with 
  *>    authentication the protection of the signaling messages is addressed 
  *>    - namely replay and integrity protection.  
  *>     
  *>    An initial analysis of the major security threats that apply in the 
  *>    typical of scenario where NSIS is expected to be used is given in 
  *>    [5]; these threats are described at the overall scenario level, in 
  *>    terms of the impact on users and networks. However, in any given 
  *>    scenario, NSIS will be just one part of the overall solution. 
  *>    Ultimately, the framework will need to define which of these threats 
  *>    need to be handled by NSIS (and which parts of NSIS) and which by the 
  *>    other components. Currently, we can only make initial scoping 
  *>    assumptions of this sort.  
  *>     
  *> 6.1 Authentication 
  *> 
  *>    Authentication and key establishment for a signaling protocol should 
  *>    be seen as a two-phase process. The first-phase is usually more 
  *>    performance intensive because of a larger number of roundtrips, 
  *>    denial of service protection, cross-realm handling, interaction with 
  *>    other protocols and the likely larger cryptographic computation 
  *>    associated with it. As stated in section 4.3, this functionality 
  *>    could be provided externally to NSIS, e.g. by reusing a standard 
  *>    protocol which already included this functionality. 
  *>     
  *>    At the end of this phase it should be possible to create or derive 
  *>    security associations that are usable for the protection of the NSIS 
  *>    signaling messages themselves. The functionality required here 
  *>    relates to (data origin) authentication (including integrity and 
  *>    replay protection) of individual signaling messages. Key 
  *>    establishment, rekeying, synchronization issues are issue that may be 
  *>    addressed here depending on the specific method. In any case the 
  *>    protection applied to each signaling message must be fast and 
  *>    efficient. 
  *>     
  *>    When using cryptography to protect signaling messages, it is obvious 
  *>    that a node must be able to select the appropriate security 
  *>    association in order to be able to apply signaling message 
  *>    protection. This should just be a general point about endpoint 
  *>    identity issues. Hence the identifier must be available to the 
  *>    transmitting node. Regarding identities there is a need to support 
  *>    different identity types to enable the flexible usage of several 
  *>    signaling initiators and receivers. Supporting static configuration 
  *>    and dynamic learning of these identities should be provided.  
  *>     
  *> 6.2 Authorization 
  *> 
  *>    Authorization information can be seen in an abstract form as "Can the 
  *>    resource requestor be trusted to pay for the reservation?". This 
  *>    abstraction is supported by the fact that reservations require some 
  *>    form of incentive to use some 'default' resource (or vice versa - 
  *>    penalty for not reserving too many resources). In general, the 

I think the sense of this sentence is reversed, else I am seriously confused.

  *>    semantics of the authorisation will depend on the signaling 
  *>    application in use. The implication of this is that NSIS will not 
  *>    directly make authorisation decisions; instead, the authorisation 
  *>    information must be fed into the resource management function 
  *>    (section 5.1) which actually decides on the request. 
  *>     
  *>    Some negotiation needs to take place to determine which node will 
  *>    take responsibility for authorising a resource request, the 
  *>    implication being that the same node will ultimately be accounted to 
  *>    for it. Such a negotiation needs to be flexible enough to support 
  *>    most currently deployed schemes (e.g. reverse charging, etc.) while 
  *>    keeping efficiency and simplicity in mind. This negotiation might be 
  *>    executed before starting resource signaling (assumed in section 4.2), 
  *>    although it could also be part of the NSIS signaling messages (as in 
  *>    some proposals dealing with charging and RSVP). Since information 
  *>    needs to be sent to the networks, some information needs to be 
  *>    included to provide the network with the necessary information to 
  *>    start the authorisation process. Hence fully opaque objects might not 
  *>    always be the proper choice.  
  *>     
  *>    It is not clear if 'initiation' of a reservation is related to 
  *>    willingness to accept authorisation responsibility. (Current 
  *>    practices tend to assume that flow originators are responsible.) In 
  *>    any case, it seems unlikely that a domain will make a cost-incurring 
  *>    request of a peer domain without already having received a matching 
  *>    request from the peer in the other direction - in other words, 
  *>    requests must propagate between domains in the same direction as 
  *>    authorisation responsibility. 

Doesn't Reverse-Charging violate this?

  *>     
  *>    If this argument is correct, and if NSIS initiation and authorisation 
  *>    responsibility are decoupled, it must be possible for the 
  *>    authorisation responsibility to propagate both in the direction 
  *>    initiator->responder and vice versa. Also, if both [flow] sender and 
  *>    receiver initiation are possible, service descriptions must include 
  *>    information about the authorisation policy to be applied, which must 
  *>    be imposed consistently along the whole path. These issues should be 
  *>    analyzed to determine if 1, 2 or 4 alternative scenarios are possible 
  *>    and realistic. 
  *>     
  *>    A second question is that of which entities actually authorise which. 
  *>    One end user must ultimately get authorisation for the request (this 
  *>    may or may not be assumed to be the NSIS initiator, see below). There 
  *>    are then two possible models for how this authorisation is done 
  *>    throughout the path. 
  *>     
  *>    The first model assumes that each network along the path is able to 
  *>    authenticate and authorise the user directly. The implication for a 
  *>    signaling protocol is that the user credentials cannot be removed 
  *>    after the first hop and have to be further included in the message 
  *>    when forwarded to other networks. Every node along the path is then 
  *>    able to verify the user and to provide policy based admission 
  *>    control. 
  *>     
  *>    The second model assumes that the user credentials are removed at the 
  *>    first hop. The first network knows the user identity requesting the 
  *>    resources but does not include this information further along the 
  *>    path. The first network can therefore be seen as acting on behalf of 
  *>    the originator to take responsibility to enable further reservations 
  *>    to be done along the path i.e. in particular to the next network 
  *>    only. This procedure is then applied on a hop-by-hop basis.  
  *>     
  *>    Note that both models are independent of whether a traditional 
  *>    subscription based approach or an alternative means of payment (such 
  *>    as pre-pay on on-line charging by the visited network) is used. These 
  *>    issues only have an impact for the transmission of accounting records 
  *>    and for a requirement to execute an online verification whether a 
  *>    user still has sufficient credits/funds; therefore, these details do 
  *>    not affect NSIS operation. 
  *>     
  *> 6.3 Accounting 
  *> 
  *>    It is obvious that accounting/charging is an important part for the 
  *>    success and the acceptance of a resource signaling protocol. Most of 
  *>    the thinking in this area is derived from the specific case of 
  *>    signaling for QoS; however, we make an initial working assumption 
  *>    that the same paradigm should apply to any signaling application for 
  *>    which accounting is necessary. We make the general assumption here 
  *>    that accounting records are generated by the resource management 
  *>    function based entirely on traffic measurements and processed in 
  *>    accordance with the authorisation information that was used in 
  *>    deciding to grant the request in the first place. 

This approach might be applicable in some cases, but it seems likely
that charging will more often depend upon reservations, so that the
signaling protocol will need to participate in the charging.

  *>     
  *>    Therefore, NSIS plays no further part in this activity; the 
  *>    accounting records are transmitted using the AAA infrastructure, and 
  *>    charging and billing for the overall service is carried out at some 
  *>    higher layer. This would include feedback to applications (and users) 
  *>    about total session cost (of which the network resource cost might be 
  *>    only a part). An open issue is whether a query (without actually 
  *>    making a reservation) to the network should also generate a 
  *>    chargeable event; this could be considered as an aspect of the 
  *>    service definition. 
  *>     
  *> 6.4 End-to-End vs. Peer Relationship Protection 
  *> 
  *>    It is reasonable to assume that peer relationship security (with 
  *>    chain-of-trust) is used for most signaling environments relevant to 
  *>    NSIS. Especially the separation of signaling into different network 
  *>    parts (intra-domain within the access network, end-node to access 
  *>    network, intra-domain, and so on) and new proposals regarding 
  *>    mobility and proxy support show that traditional end-to-end signaling 
  *>    is not applicable in every environment (or possibly only in a minor 
  *>    number of environments). End-to-end security in a signaling protocol 
  *>    is actually problematic for two reasons:  
  *>     
  *>     1. Even if the messages use the address of the end-host (to support 
  *>    routing), the messages still have to be interpreted and modified 
  *>    along the path.  
  *>     
  *>     2. The only property that can be achieved by using end-to-end 
  *>    security is that one end-host can be assured that the other end-host 
  *>    included some parameters (possibly resource parameters) that have not 
  *>    been modified along the path. Nodes along the path usually do not 
  *>    have the possibility to cryptographically verify the protected 
  *>    message parts. If the two end-points negotiate which side has to pay 
  *>    for the reservation (or possibly how much and other parameters) 
  *>    within the signaling protocol then there is a need to protect this 
  *>    information. This leads to the question which protocols are executed 
  *>    before the signaling message exchange starts. If resource parameters 
  *>    and payment/charging related information are already exchanged 
  *>    beforehand as part of a separate protocol (possibly SIP) then there 
  *>    at the NSIS level basis. In most cases an opaque token to link the 
  *>    different protocols may be sufficient. 
  *>  
  *> 7. NSIS Application Scenarios 
  *> 
  *>    This section considers various application scenarios or deployment 
  *>    configurations for NSIS. Our goal is that an NSIS protocol designed 
  *>    according to the framework presented in the previous sections should 
  *>    be able to support these scenarios if implemented appropriately; 
  *>    therefore, this section does not form part of the framework 
  *>    definition, but rather provides examples of how NSIS can be used to 
  *>    do something interesting. In the long term, some of this material may 
  *>    be contained in specific NSIS applicability statements. 
  *>  
  *> 7.1 NSIS and Existing Resource Signaling Protocols 
  *> 
  *>    It is hoped that NSIS could eventually achieve widespread use for 
  *>    resource signaling. However, it is bound to have to inter-operate 
  *>    with existing resource signaling protocols at least during transition 
  *>    and possibly long term. The prime example for QoS is RSVP, although 
  *>    other proprietary or domain specific protocols (e.g. bandwidth broker 
  *>    related) may also be considered. A related issue is that NSIS will be 
  *>    only one part of the solution: it will always need to interwork with 
  *>    other resource-related protocols (e.g. COPS). 

Policy control, ...  -- need refs here.

  *>     
  *>    Analyzing the constraints on NSIS that come from these requirements 
  *>    is hard before further refinement of the framework has been carried 
  *>    out and critical assumptions pinned down. However, we can identify 
  *>    various modes of interoperation, and the attributes of the framework 
  *>    that will make them easy. 
  *>     
  *>    Firstly, we allow for NSIS use over a 'long range', in conjunction 
  *>    with a different protocol locally (e.g. intra-domain); or, the two 
  *>    roles could be reversed. This is actually very similar to the case of 
  *>    use of NSIS layered over itself (section 7.5). In the case where the 
  *>    'inter-layer' interaction is mediated via resource management, the 
  *>    same should approach should work with non-NSIS protocols. What needs 
  *>    to be validated here is whether NSIS layering requires the exchange 
  *>    of NSIS specific information between the layers. 
  *>     
  *>    A second issue is that NSIS should be deployable within an 
  *>    environment without radical changes to supporting resource (or AAA) 
  *>    related protocols. The main issue here is that NSIS should be 
  *>    flexible in its ability to support different service definitions (and 
  *>    possibly flow classifications). This is already one of the main goals 
  *>    of the framework presented here.  
  *>  
  *>    The final point is that it should be possible to use NSIS over one 
  *>    network region, concatenated with another protocol over an adjacent 
  *>    region. The main issue here, apart from the flexible service and flow 
  *>    capabilities already mentioned, is that NSIS should be adaptable in 
  *>    what it assumes about signaling paths (e.g. to interwork with both 
  *>    path-coupled and decoupled solutions), and in initiation paradigms 
  *>    (e.g. to interwork with sender and receiver initiated solutions). 
  *>  
  *> 7.2 NSIS Supporting Centralized QoS Resource Management 
  *> 

See the comments on RMF in my overview message.

  *>    One area of application for the NSIS protocol is for QoS resource 
  *>    reservation and provisioning. The NSIS protocol may be used to 
  *>    provide intra-domain or inter-domain QoS bandwidth reservation setup 
  *>    by means of its interaction with the RMF. In what follows we assume 
  *>    that the NEs are colocated with an admission control entity that has 
  *>    a logical (abstract) view on the resources managed by the RMF, as 
  *>    described in section 5.1. 
  *>     
  *>    The NEs in a domain can interface with an RMF managing the complete 
  *>    domain, in which case, the abstract topology view provided between 
  *>    NSIS and RMF can be formalized as a Service Level Agreement (SLA). 
  *>    This situation is depicted schematically in Figure 7. 

It is not clear to me that this makes sense.  However, if you are going
to talk about this, you need to reference the SLS work
draft-tequila-sls-00.txt.

  *>     
  *>              +----+   NSIS     +-----+    NSIS     +----+  
  *>              | NI |============| NF  |=============| NR |  
  *>              +----+            +-----+             +----+ 
  *>                                   | 
  *>                                   | SLA  
  *>                                   | 
  *>                                +------+ 
  *>                                | RMF  | 
  *>                                +------+ 
  *>     
  *>        Figure 7: Resource Reservation using RMF as a Server to NSIS 
  *>                                                        
  *>    In case of centralized RMF, the SLA or its technical part, the 
  *>    Service Level Specification (SLS) [33] specifies the resource 
  *>    guarantees that the RMF needs to provide to the NF. These guarantees 
  *>    apply between one or more ingress and egress points of the network. 
  *>    The SLS also specifies the availability and reliability of the 
  *>    service. In the case of QoS signaling, it may refer to a bandwidth 
  *>    service with certain performance guarantees regarding delay, jitter 
  *>    or packet loss. The SLS interface can be automated by means of an SLS 
  *>    negotiation protocol. This allows for more dynamical SLS 
  *>    modifications and the exchange of notification messages with the NF. 
  *>    These can for instance be used to provide monitoring feedback from 
  *>    the RFM to the NF.    
  *>  
  *>    The decoupling of NSIS signaling and network management by means of 
  *>    an SLS has some attractive properties: 
  *>     *) It allows a Network Provider to easily share the use of its 
  *>    infrastructure between several Service Providers using NSIS signaling 
  *>    to provide their service. 
  *>     *) It allows a clear separation between resource provisioning and 
  *>    management and reservation signaling and admission control. 
  *>     *) It relieves the NF from several tasks, making it potentially more 
  *>    scalable in the core of the network. 
  *>     
  *>    The NF can perform either per-flow or per-class admission control 
  *>    decisions based on the requested QoS information and on the 
  *>    reservation state it keeps regarding active flows (or classes). 
  *>    Keeping per-flow state may be required for policing, 
  *>    accounting/billing and explicit reservation teardown. These functions 
  *>    are mandatory in the access or edge of the network. Conveniently, 
  *>    this is also where the processing needed to maintain per-flow state 
  *>    will remain manageable. In the core, this approach may not scale very 
  *>    well and per-class state may be used as an alternative that is very 
  *>    scalable and allows for a lightweight processing of signaling 
  *>    messages. With per-class state, however, we lose the ability to 
  *>    directly notify the NI in case of unsolicited network events because 
  *>    the affected flows cannot be identified. Instead, the NI needs to be 
  *>    indirectly notified in response to a refresh message which in turn 
  *>    mandates the use of soft-state with separate messages or message 
  *>    structure for requests and refreshes. 
  *>     
  *>    The RMF can execute its network provisioning functions according to 
  *>    its internal policies. In the easiest case, it may run an 
  *>    overprovisioned network with only monitoring capabilities in order to 
  *>    follow up on the delivered performance. In more complex scenarios, it 
  *>    may use a whole array of network optimization tools in order to 
  *>    deliver and maintain service quality according to the SLS. This may 
  *>    require network monitoring, the installation and use of appropriate 
  *>    protection mechanisms and providing feedback regarding actual traffic 
  *>    performance to the NSIS entity. 
  *>     
  *>    Alternatively, the NSIS protocol may be used for resource 
  *>    provisioning. In that case, the RMF acts as a client towards the NSIS 
  *>    protocol, as a particular "application" triggering an NI for 
  *>    resources in the network. This situation is depicted in Figure 8. 
  *>     
  *>                                +------+ 
  *>                     +----------| RMF  |----------+ 
  *>                    /           +------+           \ 
  *>                   /                                \ 
  *>                  /                                  \ 
  *>                 /                                    \ 
  *>              +----+   NSIS     +-----+    NSIS     +----+  
  *>              | NI |============| NF  |=============| NR |  
  *>              +----+            +-----+             +----+ 
  *>     
  *>                  Figure 8: NSIS for Resource Provisioning 
  *>     
  *>    In this case the RMF is providing traffic classification and 
  *>    conditioning functions. An example of such functionality is described 
  *>    in [34]. The packet "classifiers" select the packets in a traffic 
  *>    stream based on the content of some portion of the packet header. The 
  *>    traffic "conditioner" performs metering, shaping, policing, 
  *>    scheduling and/or re- marking of packets to ensure that the traffic 
  *>    entering a node conforms to a certain predefined policy. 
  *>     
  *> 7.3 NSIS Supporting Distributed Resource Management 
  *> 
  *>    Section 7.2 described the situation where NSIS is supporting a 
  *>    centralized RMF. This section introduces the situation where NSIS is 
  *>    supporting a distributed RMF. When the RMF is distributed in the 
  *>    network, a protocol for communication with the NI, NF, NR may not be 
  *>    required. In this case the RMF is providing traffic classification 
  *>    and conditioning functions; an example of such functionality is 
  *>    described in [34]. Figure 9 shows how a distributed RMF could 
  *>    interact with the NSIS protocol. 
  *>     
  *>      +----+   NSIS   +-----+    NSIS   +-----+   NSIS   +----+   
  *>      | NI |==========| NF  |====...====| NF  |==========| NR |     
  *>      +----+          +-----+           +-----+          +----+  
  *>      +----+          +-----+           +-----+          +----+  
  *>      |RMF |          | RMF |           | RMF |          |RMF |  
  *>      +----+          +-----+           +-----+          +----+   
  *>     
  *>               Figure 9: Distributed RMF as a server for NSIS 
  *>

This figure seems more correct than Figure 1 -- and should
probably replace Fig 1.

                                      
  *> 7.4 NSIS for Middlebox Signaling 
  *> 
  *>    As well as the use for 'traditional' QoS signaling, it should be

####    Another possible application of the signaling protocol to set up
####    flow-related state in middleboxes (firewalls, NATs, etc.)
 
  *>    possible to use NSIS to set up flow-related state in middleboxes 
  *>    (firewalls, NATs, and so on). Requirements for such communication are 
  *>    given in [35], and initial discussions of NSIS-like solutions are 
  *>    contained in [36], [37] and [38]. A future version of this document 
  *>    may contain more details on how an NSIS should be used for this type 
  *>    of signaling application. 
  *>     
  *> 7.5 Multi-Level NSIS Signaling 
  *> 

Multi-level signaling might be a good idea, and there is a literature
on it going back to Banerjea at Berkeley 10 years ago (the Tenet
system), as well as Lixia Zhang's more recent mulit-level signaling
model.  A little bit of scholarship would pay dividends here. This
section feels like too much top-down abstraction and boxes with lines,
and not a clear intellectual model that fits the real world of
networking.  I think the real world connection is lurking, but it is
hidden in layerist abstraction here.

  *>    This section describes a way of separating the NSIS signaling 
  *>    protocol into more than one hierarchical level. In this section three 
  *>    levels of hierarchy are considered (see Figure 10); however, the 
  *>    approach is quite general to more (or fewer) levels: the important 
  *>    issue is the use of NSIS at more than one level at all. 
  *>     
  *>    The lowest hierarchical level ("level 1") provides basic resource 
  *>    management functionality related to scalable, simple and fast soft 
  *>    state maintenance and to transport functions, such as reliable 
  *>    delivery of signaling messages, congestion control notification and 
  *>    load sharing adaptation. Soft state that is maintained by this level 
  *>    is usually per traffic class based. 
  *>     
  *>    The second hierarchical level ("level 2") is more complex than level 
  *>    1 as regards soft state maintenance. Soft state maintained by this 
  *>    hierarchical level is usually per flow. Note that this level, like 
  *>    level 1, also supports transport functions. When an NSIS edge-to-edge 
  *>    multi-domain protocol is used, level 2 stretches beyond domain 
  *>    boundaries and is applied on all the edges of the domains that are 
  *>    included in the multidomain region. 
  *>     
  *>    The third hierarchical level ("level 3") includes a set of upper-
  *>    level signaling functions that are specific to particular signaling 
  *>    applications. Such functions could, for example, be security, policy, 
  *>    billing, etc. 
  *>     
  *>    As shown in Figure 10, the three hierarchical levels might be applied 
  *>    on different NSIS entities. 
  *>     
  *>    This three-level architecture for NSIS signaling can be provided by 
  *>    using: 
  *>     *) a single end-to-end NSIS protocol that supports all three 
  *>    hierarchical levels 
  *>     *) two independent NSIS protocols: Level 3 is supported by an end-
  *>    to-end NSIS protocol, and levels 1 and 2 are supported by another 
  *>    edge-to-edge NSIS protocol. 
  *>     
  *> 
  *>   
  *>  
  *>    |-----|   |-------|                           |-------|   |-----| 
  *>    |level|<--| level |<--------------------------| level |<->|level| 
  *>    |  3  |<--|   3   |                           |   3   |<->|  3  | 
  *>    |-----|   |-------|                           |-------|   |-----| 
  *>    |     |   |       |                           |       |   |     | 
  *>    |     |   |-------|                           |-------|   |     | 
  *>    |     |   | level |<------------------------->| level |   |     | 
  *>    |     |   |   2   |                           |   2   |   |     | 
  *>    |     |   |-------|                           |-------|   |     | 
  *>    |     |   |       |                           |       |   |     | 
  *>    |-----|   |       |   |
  *>               -------     -------|   |-------|   |-------|   |-----| 
  *>    |level|<->| level |<->| level |<->| level |<->| level |<->|level| 
  *>    |  1  |<->|   1   |<->|   1   |<->|   1   |<->|   1   |<->|  1  | 
  *>    |-----|   |-------|   |-------|   |-------|   |-------|   |-----| 
  *>      NI         NF          NF          NF          NF         NR 
  *>               (edge)     (interior)  (interior)   (edge) 
  *>                                       
  *>           Figure 10: Three level architecture for NSIS signaling 
  *>     
  *>    The components in the scenario are as follows: 
  *>     *) NI (NSIS Initiator): can be an end-host or a proxy and can 
  *>    process and use the "level 1" and "level 3" protocol components 
  *>     *) NR (NSIS Responder): can be an end-host or a proxy and can 
  *>    process and use the "level 1" and "level 3" protocol components 
  *>     *) NF (NSIS Forwarder) (edge): can be a Diffserv edge, MPLS edge, 
  *>    etc. It can process and use the "level 3", "level 2" and "level 1" 
  *>    protocol components. Usually, "level 2" provides an interworking 
  *>    between "level 1" and "level 3" protocol components. 
  *>     *) NF (interior): can be any router within a domain. It can process 
  *>    and use only the "level 1" protocol component. The "level 3" and 
  *>    "level 2" protocol components are not processed (used or checked). 
  *>     
  *>    The hierarchical level separation can be provided by supporting a 
  *>    hierarchical object structure. In other words, the NSIS protocol 
  *>    objects should be structured and positioned within the NSIS messages 
  *>    in a hierarchical way, i.e., first the "level 1" objects, then the 
  *>    "level 2" objects and finally the "level 3" objects. 
  *>  
  *> 8. Open Issues 
  *> 
  *>    The following issues are currently open points within the framework. 
  *>    They are summarized here to provide a single overview. 
  *>     
  *>     1. It is not clear which of the NI, NF and NR can modify or release 
  *>    existing reservations (this is essentially an authorisation issue). 
  *>    (Section 3.3.2.)  
  *>  
  *>     2. It is not clear whether NSIS entities relate to each other only 
  *>    locally (peer-peer) or whether longer distance, non-local 
  *>    interactions and state have to be managed and stored. (Section 
  *>    3.3.3.) 
  *>     
  *>     3. NSIS messages could be addressed either explicitly (to the 
  *>    neighboring peer) or implicitly, using the flow endpoint addresses. 
  *>    (Section 3.3.4.) 

If this is a question, the answer is "yes."  ;-)

  *>     
  *>     4. It is not clear where to draw the boundaries between the NTLP and 
  *>    NSIS signaling layer, and how to establish the extent to which the 
  *>    requirements of the diverse signaling applications considered for 
  *>    NSIS should influence NTLP functionality. (Section 3.3.5.) 
  *>     
  *>     5. If NSIS has explicit acknowledgement and notification messages, 
  *>    it is open whether they should relate to anything beyond the 
  *>    immediate peer relationship. (Section 3.3.6.) 
  *>     
  *>     6. To function as part of a complete system, the NSIS protocol may 
  *>    need to be supported by extensions to other protocols. These 
  *>    extensions are still to be identified. (Section 4.2.) 
  *>     
  *>     7. The NSIS protocol could be constructed on the services offered by 
  *>    lower layer protocols, but the dividing line between NSIS and these 
  *>    lower layers is not fixed. Use of standard lower layer protocols may 
  *>    be difficult if 'end-to-end addressing' (see section 3.3.4) is used. 
  *>    (Section 4.3.1.) 

It took me awhile to understand the last sentence; you should clarify it.

  *>     
  *>     8. It is commonly expected that a future resource signaling protocol 

I am glad to know that I am not "common". ;-)

  *>    would need to use abstract reservation identifiers. However, the 
  *>    precise properties needed of these identifiers are unclear, and 
  *>    enabling their secure use may be hard. (Sections 4.5.2 and 5.3.2.) 
  *>     
  *>     9. Use of some routing techniques (e.g. load sharing or QoS 
  *>    routing), even in remote parts of the network, could be incompatible 
  *>    with naive use of end-to-end addressing. (Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.) 
  *>     

Well, YES!  So the conclusion, which should be pointed out clearly in
section 5.2, is that path-coupled signaling requires the *intelligent*
use of E2E addresing.

  *>     10. The correct flow identification semantics need to be defined in 
  *>    the case where mobility encapsulations might make it ambiguous which 
  *>    addresses to use. (Section 5.3.1.) 
  *>     
  *>     11. The interactions between mobility and resource signaling during 
  *>    path updating need to be further analyzed, especially from the point 
  *>    of view of combined overall latency. (Section 5.3.2 and 5.3.3.) 
  *>     
  *> 
  *> 
  *> 
...

Whew!  Hope some of this helps.

Bob Braden


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Hi all,

We have submitted a draft entitled "An architecture for a gradual
deployment of end-to-end QoS on an Internet-wide scale (Virtual
Service-aware Network)"
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-declercq-vsn-arch-00.txt)
This document introduces Virtual Service-aware Networks (VSNs) as a
solution for inter-domain resource reservation with Quality-of-Service
(QoS) on an Internet-wide scale. The proposed approach benefits from (but
is not restricted to) VPNs and off-path signaling, which enables the
gradual introduction of this architecture without changing the existing
routers.

Any comment to the draft and the proposed architecture is very welcome.

Thanks,
Sven

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Subject: Re: [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt
To: Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org, braden@ISI.EDU
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Hi Bob,

Thanks for your comments. I have some remarks/questions inline.

Thanks,
Sven





Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>@ietf.org on 13/11/2002 20:36:06

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Subject:  [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt



I finally found time to comment on the Framework draft.  Sorry this
comes so late.

A separate message contains interleaved detailed comments, issues,
questions, and disagreements.  This message distills out some general
comments.

The Framework document represents a substantial body of work with much
to recommend it.  I know from experience how much work is represented
here, and the authors deserve our praise and thanks.  However, I also
believe that considerable more work will be needed.

First, a somewhat philosophical comment.  My most general uneasiness
with the present document is that it seems at times to float in a
void.  It seems a bit too top-down in flavor at times, without enough
grounding in the real Internet issues.  This gets better through the
document, so that I generally liked sections 4, 5, and 6 much better
than the eaerlier sections.  It also seems a bit disconnected from the
significant previous history of Internet signaling.  Many of the
technical issues of Internet signaling have in fact been explored in
the IETF, principally by the RSVP working group (although not all of
the conclusions made it into the existing RSVP v1 RFCs).

Many readers will be familiar with at least the general concepts of
RSVP, and it would be very helpful if the document was explicit, at
least in a parenthetical way, about places where NSIS is taking a new
tack, as well as places where it is covering the same ground.  In a few
places, using existing terminology where it fits would also be
helpful.

Now more specific general comments ;-)

1.  I believe that the document would gain increased depth and
     credibility if it had a few more references to important and
     relevant academic papers.  Particular examples might include
     YESSIR, Lixia's multi-level model, or (a small selection out of
     the corpus of) papers about mobile resource reservations.

2. There is a lot of good material and specific discussion, but there
     is some redundancy.  It probably needs a serious hack
     with a text editor, moving blocks of text around and deleting
     redundant material. (see detailed comment message for examples.)

3. I would like to suggest that the only occurrence of the 4-letter
     term "NSIS" in this document should be in the combination
     "NSIS Working Group".  All other occurrences of NSIS should
     be replaced by something else ... e.g., "Internet signaling"
     or "signaling" or ... whatever works in the particular context.

     Another useful term is "suite", as in a "suite of signaling
     protocols".

     Curiously, the word "node" almost never occurs in this document,
     yet it is fundamental.  Signaling can be described abstractly,
     but that has to map into real messages sent between real
     nodes -- end systems, routers, and middleboxes.  This may be
     just a stylistic thing.

4. The document tends to say, "Oh, by the way, this is not *just* about
     QoS", and then shortly falls into QoS-oriented terminology.
     I think this is the wrong orientation.  It should rather be:
     "This is about all forms of path-related Internet signaling,
     such as QoS setup and control of middleboxes."

     A deeper consequence of this is the need to be quite precise about
     terminology, to make sure it is sufficiently general.

          What is the purpose of "signaling"? I generally use the
          Computer Sciency phrase, "to establish state in network
          nodes".  The document often uses the term "resource
          request" for roughly the same concept (though it is not
          consistent.)

     At first I thought "resource request" should be replaced
     because it is too QoS-specific.  However, it seems more in
     keeping with the existing document to simply define "resource
     request" in a general way as equivalent to setting up state,
     using a very general notion of what we mean by "resource".  I
     think this can be made to work, but it needs a careful
     paragraph in the Introduction and strict care to always use
     this term.  You will find a number of detailed suggested
     changes in this direction in my detailed comments.

5. At many points, the Framework document seems to assume a simplistic
     model of resource reservation -- that it is necessarily
     one-pass and can be achieved by a one-way flow of signaling
     packets along the data flow path.  This omits the potentially
     important cases that require two-pass algorithms, or those that
     use one-pass-with-advertising (e.g., the IntServ Guaranteed
     service.)  The WG should beware of simplistic
     assumptions.

     This shows up most directly in the terms NI and NR, whose
     semantics are sometimes confusing.  Of course, *I* prefer the
     abstractions p-src and p-dest that I introduced in my 2level
     document ;-), but perhaps NI and NR can be made to work.
     However, that will require careful definition and usage.  For
     example, RSVP v1 depends upon signaling in both directions,
     using both Path and Resv messages.  So, for RSVP v1, both
     sender and receiver act as both NI and NR.  Some of the
     discussion does not seem to encompass this generality.

6. The fundamental architectural picture in Figs 1 and 4 seems at
     first blush to be obvious, but the more I think about it,
     the more uncertain I am.

     The idea of a "co-located NI&NF" seems to conceptually define
     what you expect to be in an end system doing QoS signaling
     using the new protocol (and indeed that is exactly what RSVP v1
     assumed).  In particular, an Internet end system has to have at
     least a primitive routing/forwarding function, because it may
     be multihomed and/or have multiple first-hop routers.   Also,
     for QoS setup, at least, it is generally necessary to have an
     (inner-)RMF in the end system as well as in the routers.
     (as shown in figure 9, which contradicts Figure 1!)

     These considerations probably hold even if the NI is not an
     end system.  In fact, now that I think of it, it seems that
     there "co-located NI&NF" will be the normal case, except when
     a proxy is the NI.

     Iin practice the NI and NF functions will hopefully be only a
     single protocol entity in the end system.  You can DESCRIBE it
     logically as two connected conceptual boxes, but this may not
     be very helpful to the implementor or in detailed design.  In
     other words, the seemingly plausible picture conceals a deep
     issue of modularity and interface placement.

     Even if we decide that the figures as drawn at the best model,
     some discussion is needed about how this model maps into the
     real world.


7. The path-coupled/path-decoupled dichotomy is not all there is.

     Thinking about this space, I was led to introduce a different
     dichotomy, "path-related" vs. "path-unrelated".  The NSIS
     WG is primarily focusing on path-related & path-coupled
     signaling, but some would like to also handle path-related &
     path-decoupled signaling.  However, there is a 3rd class
     of signaling that has no direct relationship to any path; I
     called this path-decoupled.  It might for example be used to
     configure routers in a domain.  This is still signaling, but
     not the kind we intend to do in NSIS.

8. The text tends to imply the model of a signaling message passing
     from NI to NR through NFs undisturbed, rather like IP packets
     passing through routers.  (See for example the first sentence
     of section 5.1)  In some cases this may be the wrong
     conceptual model.  In RSVP, signaling is best thought of as
     hop/hop; each hop propogates state in each direction, to keep
     certain invariants true.  Also, refresh messages are generated
     independently and asyncronously at each hop.  It is true that
     hop/hop action is forced by support for multicast, with its
     merging, so it may not be directly relevant to NSIS. However,
     there may be other signaling applications that will best be
     implemented as hop/hop signaling.

[Sven] Would it be improved if we were more stringent about the NTLP/NSLP
separation throughout the document. More emphasis is placed on this in the
current version but maybe not enough throughout the text. I believe the
framework should talk about both layers. I also think that the focus on the
hop-by-hop aspect may be different for both layers (more for NTLP and less
for NSLP that is). Assuming that NSLP is what contains the description of
what actually needs to be reserved or done, it is reasonable to describe
the interaction with RMF more from the NSLP viewpoint.

9.  Sections 5.1 and 7.2 (which are somewhat redundant) seem foggy to me.
     For one thing, an RMF may be specific to one or more signaling
     applications, and there may be many distinct RMFs in a single
     node.

[Sven] I agree. On the other hand, if an RMF is specific to a signalling
application, the complete picture could be assembled from many of the
current picture in parallel.

     Also, Figure 4 (which is repeated as Figure 7) and Figure 8
     depict two quite different kinds to things [I would call them
     "entities", but you've used up that word ;-)], and it is not
     clear to me that you can usefully encompass both in a common
     abstraction.  I see two kinds of things: an inner-RMF, which is
     the interface to the local node's

[Sven] The idea was to clarify that there are indeed to different types of
interactions with the RMF. On the one hand, the RMF may just be a server
which assists in performing admission control for locally controlled
resources (what you call the inner-RMF). On the other hand, it may trigger
a new layer of (local) NSIS signalling. This is what you call the outer-RMF
and what is depicted in figure 8. The picture may look a bit 'centralized'
but it essentially expresses NSIS nesting where the RMF can be either
client or server.

     I see "inner-RMFs" (Figs 4 & 7) that are local interfaces to
     the traffic control and admission control mechanisms of the
     forwarding plane.  The WG should look into how an inner-RMF
     relates to the FORCES work of the IETF.

     Note that when an inner-RMF is a server, it may supply
     information to the NE as well as accept control state.
     Examples are admission control decisions and the Adspec
     machinery of RSVP v1.

[Sven] I fully agree.

     Then there are "outer-RMFs" (Figure 8), which seem to have
     quite different characteristics. This section to be an attempt
     to bring the bandwidth broker under the NSIS umbrella, but
     this may/may not fall into our chartered area.

[Sven] It does cover bandwidth brokers but it is certainly not restricted
to that. There is no argument that bandwidth brokers are currently not the
priority for the NSIS WG but it is also agreed that the framework
should/may have a somewhat broader scope.

     Finally, it is far from obvious to me that the NF/RMF interface
     corresponds to an SLA.

[Sven] I think it depends on where you see the admission control. If you
see this as part of or colocated with the NF (i.e. handling of NSLP) then
you can think of the RMF as providing an amount of capacity (e.g. the link
bandwidth for a certain class of service) in which the NF does admission
control.
_____________________________________
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From: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
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Subject: FW Bob's Point 5 (was Re: [NSIS] General comments on
 draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt)
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> 5. At many points, the Framework document seems to assume a simplistic
> 	model of resource reservation -- that it is necessarily
> 	one-pass and can be achieved by a one-way flow of signaling
> 	packets along the data flow path.  This omits the potentially
> 	important cases that require two-pass algorithms, or those that
> 	use one-pass-with-advertising (e.g., the IntServ Guaranteed
> 	service.)  The WG should beware of simplistic
> 	assumptions.
>
> 	This shows up most directly in the terms NI and NR, whose
> 	semantics are sometimes confusing.  Of course, *I* prefer the
> 	abstractions p-src and p-dest that I introduced in my 2level
> 	document ;-), but perhaps NI and NR can be made to work.
> 	However, that will require careful definition and usage.  For
> 	example, RSVP v1 depends upon signaling in both directions,
> 	using both Path and Resv messages.  So, for RSVP v1, both
> 	sender and receiver act as both NI and NR.  Some of the
> 	discussion does not seem to encompass this generality.
>

Bob,

I think we cover 80% of the relevant cases of reservation styles with a 
simple one-pass scheme. Concerning the NI/NR terms. I like the NI, because 
it does not say something about who is performing reservations, but it is 
driven by somebody initiating the whole thing.

Marcus
--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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On point 6 (message flows), complicating features include
whether or not part of the signaling problem you're trying
to solve include topology - that is to say, some NFs are
more interesting than other NFs, based on their topological
relationship.  The most obvious cases of that would be ones
in which you're asking something in particular of an
outermost NF but you don't have any way of knowing where
that is and you're asking the signaling protocol to handle
it for you.  For example, in the case of NAT, you're
using the signaling protocol to do 1) installation of NAT
table state, and 2) reporting on installed state (so that an
application that uses embedded addresses can know the
correct address with respect to the application peer).  In
the case of tunnel endpoints (a subset of security gateways,
for example, but they may be other types of tunnels) you
probably want to find the furthest tunnel endpoint along
the path, but you may be interested in finding the closest,
or the one that has the most appropriate set of other
(non-topological) attributes.

Note that these have slightly different messaging
requirements.  In the case of NAT it may be sufficient to
store state in a forward direction and then have the
receiver return a result message.  In the case of signaling
gateways, however, each NF can't store state in a forward
direction because (unlike NAT) no decision can be made about
who gets to terminate the tunnel until a complete picture of
the topology/capabilities/whatever is accumulated.

Melinda
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Bob, 

I noticed that this is the second time you refer to the interaction between routing & signaling by saying that there is "a LOT more to say"... could you please expand on what more you see is missing and be quite explicit about your points?  

I see several interactions possible between routing & signaling. For example, if you look into the advertisement needed for GQoS in IntServ, which forced additions to RSVP (one-pass with advertisement). An alternate design would be to rely on routing to carry the information (this information is very close to routing-information anyway) and only use signaling to install (resource) state in the routers. Routing could make use of additional information (such as, but I am not proposing in any way, the path characteristics collected in RSVP) when choosing paths. Hm, I guess this would be called non-traditional layer 3 routing...

Another interaction is what RSVP has chosen to do with the PATH messages, ie path state setup. This could be seen as a very non-traditional way of doing routing, since you effectively route-pin the RESV messages (at least as long as the path-state is there, right). So in effect, RSVP has two functions that could be generalised, path state setup and resource state setup. These are two distinct state manipulations, that could be described seperately. (ok, once again perhaps this leads off the topic, since it is a non-traditional way of layer 3 routing). Some have argued that route-pinning is required (at least beneficial) for load balancing algorithms in the network, since the problem to control stability has been claimed to be simpler. Old paths could be kept for already established flows, while new traverse the new path... ok, very untraditional L3 routing, but interesting thought.  

A third interaction that touch the previous is state manipulation and its relation to a path. If two routers that have a state that is shared between them (for example RESV-state), and it would be possible to forward packet between them and reach the end-station, if L3-routing changes the route for the flow (such that one end is not really on-path any longer) should you tear down the state? Yes is the obvious answer - however, not doing this causes less resource request and perhaps less denials for established reservations in the network. Not at all a trivial question, but changes L3 routing... once again off topic, I assume. 

So what interactions between _traditional_ L3-routing and signaling do you see? I am especially interested in your experiences from RSVP-development since you must have discussed these issues before. 

Best regards, 

Anders

>   *> 5.2 IP Routing Interactions 
>   *> 
>   *>    Several situations may occur when routing diverges 
> from standard 
>   *>    layer 3 routing. These are summarized in the sections below. 
> 
> There is a LOT more to say about routing interactions, even with
> "standard layer 3 routing"!!
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  *> Bob, 
  *> 
  *> I noticed that this is the second time you refer to the interaction between routing & signaling by saying that there is "a LOT more to say"... could you please expand on what more you see is missing and be quite explicit about your points?  
  *> 

I don't want to take time right now, but I can give you some references.
Unfortunately, I don't know of a single clear reference that covers the
subject, but there are a number of relevant fragments from which one
can piece together the entire story.  Here then are some relevant
references:

     Interdomain Multicast Routing Support for Integrated Services Networks 
     Zappala, D., Braden, B., Estrin, E., and S. Shenker, 
     Internet Draft, March 26, 1997.

	(This draft concentrates on the multicast problem because it is
	harder (;-)) but much of it is directly relevant to unicast routing.)

     RSRR: A Routing Interface For RSVP 
     Zappala, D., Kann, J., 
     Internet Draft, June 1998. 

     The Design of the RSVP Protocol, 
     Braden, R., Estrin, D., Berson, S., Herzog, S., and D. Zappala, 
     ISI Final Technical Report, July 1996.
	(The discussion on page 4.)

     The various IETF projects on QoS routing, e.g., RFC 2676.

Note: all of the above, except for the last, are available on the
RSVP web page (www.isi.edu/rsvp) under Publications.

I hope this will help answer your question.

Bob Braden



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Tuesday November 19, 2002
1300-1400 Afternoon Session I

	WG Status, charter discussion - chair 20 min

	Terminology Discustion - Robert Hancock

	Requirements - Marcus Brunner - 20 minutes
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt

	Wrap-up - 10 minutes

WEDNESDAY, November 20, 2002
0900-1130 Morning Sessions

Framework Discussion - 50 minutes

	Next Steps in Signaling: Framework - Robert Handcock - (15 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-fw-00.txt

	Trade-offs and open issues with path discovery and transport - Henning Schulzrinne - (15 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-schulzrinne-nsis-casp-00.txt

	A Two-Level Architecture for Internet Signaling - chair - (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-braden-2level-signaling-01.txt

	Sender and Receiver Orientation Issues in NSIS - Robert Hancock - (10 min) 
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hancock-nsis-sender-receiver-00.txt 

Analysis work - 50 minutes

	Analysis of Existing Quality of Service Signaling Protocols - Jukka Manner - (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt

	Nsis Threats - H. Tschofenig - (10min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt

	RSVP Security Properties - H. Tschofenig - (10min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-rsvp-sec-properties-00.txt

	Analysis of Existing QoS Solutions - G. Karagiannis - (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-03.txt 

	Analysis of Mobile IP and RSVP Interactions - Mike Thomas - (10 minutes)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-thomas-nsis-rsvp-analysis-00.txt

	Discusion - (15 min)

Protocol Work - 20 minutes - If we have time

	A Proposal for RSVPv2 - G. Karagiannis - (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-proposal-for-rsvpv2-01.txt

	A Firewall/NAT Traversal Client for CASP - H. Tschofenig - (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-tschofenig-nsis-casp-midcom-00.txt

	The Use of Bi-Directional RSVP in the Wireless Internet - Kamel Shaheen (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-Shaheen-shahrier-nsis-brsvp-00.txt 

	Signaling Interworking for IPv6 Network - Gyu Myoung Lee - (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-choi-ipv6-signaling-interworking-00.txt

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Subject: RE: [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt
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  *> I think 1/2/3/4/7/9 are all probably quite reasonable (and are basically presentation related).

  *> I think the point you raise in 6 is interesting, which I and others agonised a lot about in this and previous non-framework documents. Eventually I gave up worrying because I couldn't see a practical impact.

John,

I suspect that if you sat down to design a real implementation, you
would soon discover the practical consequences of the fundamental
model.

Which brings up an interesting point -- when the RSVP WG started, most
(but not all!) of the research and simulation had already been done on
the protocol, and it was only necessary to get the engineering details
right in the WG. (Of course, the process of engineering and documenting
led us to discover a few unsolved research problems, so there was a
circular process.)  Concurrent with the WG, we were building, testing,
and demonstrating a prototype, and that work fed strongly back into the
WG efforts.  I worry that NSIS is too top-down; there is not enough
"running code".

...

  *> The point in 8 is partly related. I have generally come from a
  perspective of thinking that an internal node could do arbitrary
  violence to the messages (do we even assume it is the same signalling
  application protocol either side?) 

"Arbitrary violence" -- OK ;-)

(Either side of what?  Either side of a node on the path? I thought the
answer was "no", since your framework allows different NSLPs at
different points along the path.  You might seldom want to mix
protocols, but it does not seem outrageous.  In fact,the flexibility
might allow you to divide a big, complex, multipurpose signaling
application (NSLP) into smaller more special-purpose protocols and use
each where appropriate.)

  (and quite possibly isn't what other people think).
  *> 
  *> I think the most important point you raise is (5) - what message patterns we should support/assume. I'd really like to see some views about the range of options here.

Important point: I think that the CSTP/NSLP layer should not make ANY
assumption about message patterns, while a specific ULSP/NTLP must
necessarily make an assumption, and different ULSPs/NTLPs may make
different assumptions about message patterns.

Right?

Bob

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  *> 
  *> 8. The text tends to imply the model of a signaling message passing
  *>      from NI to NR through NFs undisturbed, rather like IP packets
  *>      passing through routers.  (See for example the first sentence
  *>      of section 5.1)  In some cases this may be the wrong
  *>      conceptual model.  In RSVP, signaling is best thought of as
  *>      hop/hop; each hop propogates state in each direction, to keep
  *>      certain invariants true.  Also, refresh messages are generated
  *>      independently and asyncronously at each hop.  It is true that
  *>      hop/hop action is forced by support for multicast, with its
  *>      merging, so it may not be directly relevant to NSIS. However,
  *>      there may be other signaling applications that will best be
  *>      implemented as hop/hop signaling.
  *> 
  *> [Sven] Would it be improved if we were more stringent about the NTLP/NSLP
  *> separation throughout the document. More emphasis is placed on this in the

Yes, I believe so.

  *> current version but maybe not enough throughout the text. I believe the
  *> framework should talk about both layers. I also think that the focus on the
  *> hop-by-hop aspect may be different for both layers (more for NTLP and less
  *> for NSLP that is). Assuming that NSLP is what contains the description of
  *> what actually needs to be reserved or done, it is reasonable to describe
  *> the interaction with RMF more from the NSLP viewpoint.
  *> 

Yes, I think I agree.

  *> 9.  Sections 5.1 and 7.2 (which are somewhat redundant) seem foggy to me.
  *>      For one thing, an RMF may be specific to one or more signaling
  *>      applications, and there may be many distinct RMFs in a single
  *>      node.
  *> 
  *> [Sven] I agree. On the other hand, if an RMF is specific to a signalling
  *> application, the complete picture could be assembled from many of the
  *> current picture in parallel.
  *> 
  *>      Also, Figure 4 (which is repeated as Figure 7) and Figure 8
  *>      depict two quite different kinds to things [I would call them
  *>      "entities", but you've used up that word ;-)], and it is not
  *>      clear to me that you can usefully encompass both in a common
  *>      abstraction.  I see two kinds of things: an inner-RMF, which is
  *>      the interface to the local node's
  *> 
  *> [Sven] The idea was to clarify that there are indeed to different types of
  *> interactions with the RMF. On the one hand, the RMF may just be a server
  *> which assists in performing admission control for locally controlled
  *> resources (what you call the inner-RMF). On the other hand, it may trigger
  *> a new layer of (local) NSIS signalling. This is what you call the outer-RMF
  *> and what is depicted in figure 8. The picture may look a bit 'centralized'
  *> but it essentially expresses NSIS nesting where the RMF can be either
  *> client or server.

We are having an agreement, although the text needs some work to say
more clearly what you just said.  There is an issue that is partly (but
not entirely) just expository: are the "two different types" should be
given the same name "RMF".  I think I could argue that they are so
different that it would be clearer to all if they had different names.


  *> 
  *>      I see "inner-RMFs" (Figs 4 & 7) that are local interfaces to
  *>      the traffic control and admission control mechanisms of the
  *>      forwarding plane.  The WG should look into how an inner-RMF
  *>      relates to the FORCES work of the IETF.
  *> 
  *>      Note that when an inner-RMF is a server, it may supply
  *>      information to the NE as well as accept control state.
  *>      Examples are admission control decisions and the Adspec
  *>      machinery of RSVP v1.
  *> 
  *> [Sven] I fully agree.
  *> 
  *>      Then there are "outer-RMFs" (Figure 8), which seem to have
  *>      quite different characteristics. This section to be an attempt
  *>      to bring the bandwidth broker under the NSIS umbrella, but
  *>      this may/may not fall into our chartered area.
  *> 
  *> [Sven] It does cover bandwidth brokers but it is certainly not restricted
  *> to that. There is no argument that bandwidth brokers are currently not the
  *> priority for the NSIS WG but it is also agreed that the framework
  *> should/may have a somewhat broader scope.

I agree with that, and I think the material on Figure 8 is just fine and
belongs here. 

  *> 
  *>      Finally, it is far from obvious to me that the NF/RMF interface
  *>      corresponds to an SLA.
  *> 
  *> [Sven] I think it depends on where you see the admission control. If you
  *> see this as part of or colocated with the NF (i.e. handling of NSLP) then
  *> you can think of the RMF as providing an amount of capacity (e.g. the link
  *> bandwidth for a certain class of service) in which the NF does admission
  *> control.

I agree that there is a problem here with modularity and interfaces.
I wonder whether the FORCES work might give us some useful guidance
here?

Bob
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  *> >
  *> > 	This shows up most directly in the terms NI and NR, whose
  *> > 	semantics are sometimes confusing.  Of course, *I* prefer the
  *> > 	abstractions p-src and p-dest that I introduced in my 2level
  *> > 	document ;-), but perhaps NI and NR can be made to work.
  *> > 	However, that will require careful definition and usage.  For
  *> > 	example, RSVP v1 depends upon signaling in both directions,
  *> > 	using both Path and Resv messages.  So, for RSVP v1, both
  *> > 	sender and receiver act as both NI and NR.  Some of the
  *> > 	discussion does not seem to encompass this generality.
  *> >
  *> 
  *> Bob,
  *> 
  *> I think we cover 80% of the relevant cases of reservation styles with a 
  *> simple one-pass scheme. Concerning the NI/NR terms. I like the NI, because 
  *> it does not say something about who is performing reservations, but it is 
  *> driven by somebody initiating the whole thing.
  *> 
  *> Marcus

Marcus,

I would suggest that a model that cannot describe the existing RSVP is
not adequate.  As I said, it is probably possible to define the NI/NR
model with sufficient generality so it will cover two-ended protocols
like RSVP.  It is OK to use a simplified picture for explanatory
purposes, but we need to be careful not to fall into believing that is
all there is, and careful not to write words that explicitly exclude
the more general cases.

Bob Braden

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Hi Bob,

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bob Braden [mailto:braden@ISI.EDU]
> Sent: 14 November 2002 23:47
> To: braden@ISI.EDU; nsis@ietf.org; Hancock, Robert
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt
> 
> 
>   *> I think 1/2/3/4/7/9 are all probably quite reasonable 
> (and are basically presentation related).
> 
>   *> I think the point you raise in 6 is interesting, which I 
> and others agonised a lot about in this and previous 
> non-framework documents. Eventually I gave up worrying 
> because I couldn't see a practical impact.
> 
> John,
[reh] i'll answer anyway ;-)

> 
> I suspect that if you sat down to design a real implementation, you
> would soon discover the practical consequences of the fundamental
> model.
[reh] I'm assuming other implementors are happy to structure their work without being constrained by the model (I certainly used to be). What constraints on the protocol do you see?

> 
> Which brings up an interesting point -- when the RSVP WG started, most
> (but not all!) of the research and simulation had already been done on
> the protocol, and it was only necessary to get the engineering details
> right in the WG. (Of course, the process of engineering and 
> documenting
> led us to discover a few unsolved research problems, so there was a
> circular process.)  Concurrent with the WG, we were building, testing,
> and demonstrating a prototype, and that work fed strongly 
> back into the
> WG efforts.  I worry that NSIS is too top-down; there is not enough
> "running code".
[reh] I half agree, but this is the way we are encouraged to work these days. I am sure if someone turned up in the WG at this stage saying 'here's my implementation' someone would protest anyway.

> 
> ...
> 
>   *> The point in 8 is partly related. I have generally come from a
>   perspective of thinking that an internal node could do arbitrary
>   violence to the messages (do we even assume it is the same 
> signalling
>   application protocol either side?) 
> 
> "Arbitrary violence" -- OK ;-)
> 
> (Either side of what?  Either side of a node on the path? I 
> thought the
> answer was "no", since your framework allows different NSLPs at
> different points along the path.  You might seldom want to mix
> protocols, but it does not seem outrageous.  In fact,the flexibility
> might allow you to divide a big, complex, multipurpose signaling
> application (NSLP) into smaller more special-purpose protocols and use
> each where appropriate.)
[reh] Precisely, and [personally] I can see significant advantages in being able to do this e.g. in the QoS signalling case.
More generally, at some stage we could consider the question of whether we expect there to be lots of simply NSLPs or a few complicated ones.

> 
>   (and quite possibly isn't what other people think).
>   *> 
>   *> I think the most important point you raise is (5) - what 
> message patterns we should support/assume. I'd really like to 
> see some views about the range of options here.
> 
> Important point: I think that the CSTP/NSLP layer should not make ANY
> assumption about message patterns, while a specific ULSP/NTLP must
> necessarily make an assumption, and different ULSPs/NTLPs may make
> different assumptions about message patterns.
> 
> Right?
[reh] Agreed, modulo changing NSLP<-->NTLP in the previous paragraph. (Although this is probably not the current framework working assumption and needs discussion - I think our starting point was more "There's a set of basic NTLP messages, whose payloads are specialised for different purposes." I could - just - see that working for QoS but not for everything else now on the table.)

The only exception I can see might be that a very lightweight NSLP could elect to use the NTLP in a purely forwards-along-the-data-path mode, to really minimise network state storage requirements. Is this a useful optimisation?

> 
> Bob
> 
robert h.
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Hi Bob,

Thanks for your comments. I think we can summarize the outcome as:
- clarify NTLP/NSLP in the context of RMF (according to the discussion
below)
- clarify the different types of RMF interactions, probably requiring
different names for both types
- link to  FORCES

CU in Atlanta,
Sven.





Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU> on 14/11/2002 23:55:19

To:   braden@ISI.EDU, Sven VAN DEN BOSCH/BE/ALCATEL@ALCATEL
cc:   nsis@ietf.org
Subject:  Re: [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt


  *>
  *> 8. The text tends to imply the model of a signaling message passing
  *>      from NI to NR through NFs undisturbed, rather like IP packets
  *>      passing through routers.  (See for example the first sentence
  *>      of section 5.1)  In some cases this may be the wrong
  *>      conceptual model.  In RSVP, signaling is best thought of as
  *>      hop/hop; each hop propogates state in each direction, to keep
  *>      certain invariants true.  Also, refresh messages are generated
  *>      independently and asyncronously at each hop.  It is true that
  *>      hop/hop action is forced by support for multicast, with its
  *>      merging, so it may not be directly relevant to NSIS. However,
  *>      there may be other signaling applications that will best be
  *>      implemented as hop/hop signaling.
  *>
  *> [Sven] Would it be improved if we were more stringent about the
NTLP/NSLP
  *> separation throughout the document. More emphasis is placed on this in
the

Yes, I believe so.

  *> current version but maybe not enough throughout the text. I believe
the
  *> framework should talk about both layers. I also think that the focus
on the
  *> hop-by-hop aspect may be different for both layers (more for NTLP and
less
  *> for NSLP that is). Assuming that NSLP is what contains the description
of
  *> what actually needs to be reserved or done, it is reasonable to
describe
  *> the interaction with RMF more from the NSLP viewpoint.
  *>

Yes, I think I agree.

  *> 9.  Sections 5.1 and 7.2 (which are somewhat redundant) seem foggy to
me.
  *>      For one thing, an RMF may be specific to one or more signaling
  *>      applications, and there may be many distinct RMFs in a single
  *>      node.
  *>
  *> [Sven] I agree. On the other hand, if an RMF is specific to a
signalling
  *> application, the complete picture could be assembled from many of the
  *> current picture in parallel.
  *>
  *>      Also, Figure 4 (which is repeated as Figure 7) and Figure 8
  *>      depict two quite different kinds to things [I would call them
  *>      "entities", but you've used up that word ;-)], and it is not
  *>      clear to me that you can usefully encompass both in a common
  *>      abstraction.  I see two kinds of things: an inner-RMF, which is
  *>      the interface to the local node's
  *>
  *> [Sven] The idea was to clarify that there are indeed to different
types of
  *> interactions with the RMF. On the one hand, the RMF may just be a
server
  *> which assists in performing admission control for locally controlled
  *> resources (what you call the inner-RMF). On the other hand, it may
trigger
  *> a new layer of (local) NSIS signalling. This is what you call the
outer-RMF
  *> and what is depicted in figure 8. The picture may look a bit
'centralized'
  *> but it essentially expresses NSIS nesting where the RMF can be either
  *> client or server.

We are having an agreement, although the text needs some work to say
more clearly what you just said.  There is an issue that is partly (but
not entirely) just expository: are the "two different types" should be
given the same name "RMF".  I think I could argue that they are so
different that it would be clearer to all if they had different names.


  *>
  *>      I see "inner-RMFs" (Figs 4 & 7) that are local interfaces to
  *>      the traffic control and admission control mechanisms of the
  *>      forwarding plane.  The WG should look into how an inner-RMF
  *>      relates to the FORCES work of the IETF.
  *>
  *>      Note that when an inner-RMF is a server, it may supply
  *>      information to the NE as well as accept control state.
  *>      Examples are admission control decisions and the Adspec
  *>      machinery of RSVP v1.
  *>
  *> [Sven] I fully agree.
  *>
  *>      Then there are "outer-RMFs" (Figure 8), which seem to have
  *>      quite different characteristics. This section to be an attempt
  *>      to bring the bandwidth broker under the NSIS umbrella, but
  *>      this may/may not fall into our chartered area.
  *>
  *> [Sven] It does cover bandwidth brokers but it is certainly not
restricted
  *> to that. There is no argument that bandwidth brokers are currently not
the
  *> priority for the NSIS WG but it is also agreed that the framework
  *> should/may have a somewhat broader scope.

I agree with that, and I think the material on Figure 8 is just fine and
belongs here.

  *>
  *>      Finally, it is far from obvious to me that the NF/RMF interface
  *>      corresponds to an SLA.
  *>
  *> [Sven] I think it depends on where you see the admission control. If
you
  *> see this as part of or colocated with the NF (i.e. handling of NSLP)
then
  *> you can think of the RMF as providing an amount of capacity (e.g. the
link
  *> bandwidth for a certain class of service) in which the NF does
admission
  *> control.

I agree that there is a problem here with modularity and interfaces.
I wonder whether the FORCES work might give us some useful guidance
here?

Bob




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From: "Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'john.loughney@nokia.com'" <john.loughney@nokia.com>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated agenda
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2002 11:30:01 +0100
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Hi John

Thank you for updating the agenda!
However, I have a comment. 
As you already know in the presentation of:
"A Proposal for RSVPv2" I would like to only present the 
used concept (see slides in the attachment).
The used concept is an enhancement of the concept introduced in 
draft-braden-2level-signaling-01.txt and therefore,
I would very much appreciate if I will be able to present it!
Could you move this presentation to the
Framework Discussion slot?



Best regards,
Georgios

-----Original Message-----
From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
Sent: donderdag 14 november 2002 23:24
To: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: [NSIS] Updated agenda


Tuesday November 19, 2002
1300-1400 Afternoon Session I

	WG Status, charter discussion - chair 20 min

	Terminology Discustion - Robert Hancock

	Requirements - Marcus Brunner - 20 minutes
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt

	Wrap-up - 10 minutes

WEDNESDAY, November 20, 2002
0900-1130 Morning Sessions

Framework Discussion - 50 minutes

	Next Steps in Signaling: Framework - Robert Handcock - (15 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-fw-00.txt

	Trade-offs and open issues with path discovery and transport - Henning Schulzrinne - (15 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-schulzrinne-nsis-casp-00.txt

	A Two-Level Architecture for Internet Signaling - chair - (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-braden-2level-signaling-01.txt

	Sender and Receiver Orientation Issues in NSIS - Robert Hancock - (10 min) 
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hancock-nsis-sender-receiver-00.txt 

Analysis work - 50 minutes

	Analysis of Existing Quality of Service Signaling Protocols - Jukka Manner - (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt

	Nsis Threats - H. Tschofenig - (10min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt

	RSVP Security Properties - H. Tschofenig - (10min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-rsvp-sec-properties-00.txt

	Analysis of Existing QoS Solutions - G. Karagiannis - (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-03.txt 

	Analysis of Mobile IP and RSVP Interactions - Mike Thomas - (10 minutes)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-thomas-nsis-rsvp-analysis-00.txt

	Discusion - (15 min)

Protocol Work - 20 minutes - If we have time

	A Proposal for RSVPv2 - G. Karagiannis - (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-proposal-for-rsvpv2-01.txt

	A Firewall/NAT Traversal Client for CASP - H. Tschofenig - (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-tschofenig-nsis-casp-midcom-00.txt

	The Use of Bi-Directional RSVP in the Wireless Internet - Kamel Shaheen (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-Shaheen-shahrier-nsis-brsvp-00.txt 

	Signaling Interworking for IPv6 Network - Gyu Myoung Lee - (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-choi-ipv6-signaling-interworking-00.txt

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From: "Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'Bob Braden'" <braden@ISI.EDU>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2002 12:07:50 +0100
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Hi Bob

I think that I agree with many of your comments.
However, it will be great if we could discuss and agree 
on the terminology regarding NI, NF and NR.
Due to this terminology you probably got confused 
with the definition of the sender and receiver initiated modes.

Related to the definition of sender/receiver initiated modes,
we wanted to actually say the following:
* sender initiated: is the mode where the sender of the data path
  is initiating the procedure of installing the reservation 
  (requested resources) states
* receiver initiated: is the mode where the receiver of the data 
  path is initiating the reservation (requested resources) states.

Best regards,
Georgios


-----Original Message-----
From: Bob Braden [mailto:braden@ISI.EDU]
Sent: woensdag 13 november 2002 20:36
To: nsis@ietf.org
Cc: braden@ISI.EDU
Subject: [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt



I finally found time to comment on the Framework draft.  Sorry this
comes so late.

A separate message contains interleaved detailed comments, issues,
questions, and disagreements.  This message distills out some general
comments.

The Framework document represents a substantial body of work with much
to recommend it.  I know from experience how much work is represented
here, and the authors deserve our praise and thanks.  However, I also
believe that considerable more work will be needed.

First, a somewhat philosophical comment.  My most general uneasiness
with the present document is that it seems at times to float in a
void.  It seems a bit too top-down in flavor at times, without enough
grounding in the real Internet issues.  This gets better through the
document, so that I generally liked sections 4, 5, and 6 much better
than the eaerlier sections.  It also seems a bit disconnected from the
significant previous history of Internet signaling.  Many of the
technical issues of Internet signaling have in fact been explored in
the IETF, principally by the RSVP working group (although not all of
the conclusions made it into the existing RSVP v1 RFCs).

Many readers will be familiar with at least the general concepts of
RSVP, and it would be very helpful if the document was explicit, at
least in a parenthetical way, about places where NSIS is taking a new
tack, as well as places where it is covering the same ground.  In a few
places, using existing terminology where it fits would also be
helpful.

Now more specific general comments ;-)

1.  I believe that the document would gain increased depth and
	credibility if it had a few more references to important and
	relevant academic papers.  Particular examples might include
	YESSIR, Lixia's multi-level model, or (a small selection out of
	the corpus of) papers about mobile resource reservations.

2. There is a lot of good material and specific discussion, but there
	is some redundancy.  It probably needs a serious hack
	with a text editor, moving blocks of text around and deleting
	redundant material. (see detailed comment message for examples.)

3. I would like to suggest that the only occurrence of the 4-letter
	term "NSIS" in this document should be in the combination
	"NSIS Working Group".  All other occurrences of NSIS should
	be replaced by something else ... e.g., "Internet signaling"
	or "signaling" or ... whatever works in the particular context.

	Another useful term is "suite", as in a "suite of signaling
	protocols".

	Curiously, the word "node" almost never occurs in this document,
	yet it is fundamental.  Signaling can be described abstractly,
	but that has to map into real messages sent between real
	nodes -- end systems, routers, and middleboxes.  This may be
	just a stylistic thing.

4. The document tends to say, "Oh, by the way, this is not *just* about
	QoS", and then shortly falls into QoS-oriented terminology.
	I think this is the wrong orientation.  It should rather be:
	"This is about all forms of path-related Internet signaling,
	such as QoS setup and control of middleboxes."

	A deeper consequence of this is the need to be quite precise about
	terminology, to make sure it is sufficiently general.

		What is the purpose of "signaling"? I generally use the
		Computer Sciency phrase, "to establish state in network
		nodes".  The document often uses the term "resource
		request" for roughly the same concept (though it is not
		consistent.)

	At first I thought "resource request" should be replaced
	because it is too QoS-specific.  However, it seems more in
	keeping with the existing document to simply define "resource
	request" in a general way as equivalent to setting up state,
	using a very general notion of what we mean by "resource".  I
	think this can be made to work, but it needs a careful
	paragraph in the Introduction and strict care to always use
	this term.  You will find a number of detailed suggested
	changes in this direction in my detailed comments.
 
5. At many points, the Framework document seems to assume a simplistic
	model of resource reservation -- that it is necessarily
	one-pass and can be achieved by a one-way flow of signaling
	packets along the data flow path.  This omits the potentially
	important cases that require two-pass algorithms, or those that
	use one-pass-with-advertising (e.g., the IntServ Guaranteed
	service.)  The WG should beware of simplistic
	assumptions.

	This shows up most directly in the terms NI and NR, whose
	semantics are sometimes confusing.  Of course, *I* prefer the
	abstractions p-src and p-dest that I introduced in my 2level
	document ;-), but perhaps NI and NR can be made to work.
	However, that will require careful definition and usage.  For
	example, RSVP v1 depends upon signaling in both directions,
	using both Path and Resv messages.  So, for RSVP v1, both
	sender and receiver act as both NI and NR.  Some of the
	discussion does not seem to encompass this generality.

6. The fundamental architectural picture in Figs 1 and 4 seems at
	first blush to be obvious, but the more I think about it,
	the more uncertain I am.

	The idea of a "co-located NI&NF" seems to conceptually define
	what you expect to be in an end system doing QoS signaling
	using the new protocol (and indeed that is exactly what RSVP v1
	assumed).  In particular, an Internet end system has to have at
	least a primitive routing/forwarding function, because it may
	be multihomed and/or have multiple first-hop routers.   Also,
	for QoS setup, at least, it is generally necessary to have an
	(inner-)RMF in the end system as well as in the routers.
	(as shown in figure 9, which contradicts Figure 1!)

	These considerations probably hold even if the NI is not an
	end system.  In fact, now that I think of it, it seems that
	there "co-located NI&NF" will be the normal case, except when
	a proxy is the NI.

	Iin practice the NI and NF functions will hopefully be only a
	single protocol entity in the end system.  You can DESCRIBE it
	logically as two connected conceptual boxes, but this may not
	be very helpful to the implementor or in detailed design.  In
	other words, the seemingly plausible picture conceals a deep
	issue of modularity and interface placement.

	Even if we decide that the figures as drawn at the best model,
	some discussion is needed about how this model maps into the
	real world.	
	

7. The path-coupled/path-decoupled dichotomy is not all there is.

	Thinking about this space, I was led to introduce a different
	dichotomy, "path-related" vs. "path-unrelated".  The NSIS
	WG is primarily focusing on path-related & path-coupled
	signaling, but some would like to also handle path-related &
	path-decoupled signaling.  However, there is a 3rd class
	of signaling that has no direct relationship to any path; I
	called this path-decoupled.  It might for example be used to
	configure routers in a domain.  This is still signaling, but
	not the kind we intend to do in NSIS.

8. The text tends to imply the model of a signaling message passing
	from NI to NR through NFs undisturbed, rather like IP packets
	passing through routers.  (See for example the first sentence
	of section 5.1)  In some cases this may be the wrong
	conceptual model.  In RSVP, signaling is best thought of as
	hop/hop; each hop propogates state in each direction, to keep
	certain invariants true.  Also, refresh messages are generated
	independently and asyncronously at each hop.  It is true that
	hop/hop action is forced by support for multicast, with its
	merging, so it may not be directly relevant to NSIS. However,
	there may be other signaling applications that will best be
	implemented as hop/hop signaling.

9.  Sections 5.1 and 7.2 (which are somewhat redundant) seem foggy to me.
	For one thing, an RMF may be specific to one or more signaling
	applications, and there may be many distinct RMFs in a single
	node.

	Also, Figure 4 (which is repeated as Figure 7) and Figure 8
	depict two quite different kinds to things [I would call them
	"entities", but you've used up that word ;-)], and it is not
	clear to me that you can usefully encompass both in a common
	abstraction.  I see two kinds of things: an inner-RMF, which is
	the interface to the local node's

	I see "inner-RMFs" (Figs 4 & 7) that are local interfaces to
	the traffic control and admission control mechanisms of the
	forwarding plane.  The WG should look into how an inner-RMF
	relates to the FORCES work of the IETF. 

	Note that when an inner-RMF is a server, it may supply
	information to the NE as well as accept control state.
	Examples are admission control decisions and the Adspec
	machinery of RSVP v1.

	Then there are "outer-RMFs" (Figure 8), which seem to have
	quite different characteristics. This section to be an attempt
	to bring the bandwidth broker under the NSIS umbrella, but
	this may/may not fall into our chartered area. 

	Finally, it is far from obvious to me that the NF/RMF interface
	corresponds to an SLA.  
_____________________________________
Bob Braden
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From: "Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be'" <sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be>,
        Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>
Cc: braden@ISI.EDU, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2002 12:24:44 +0100
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Hi Sven and Bob

One important issue for discussion that actually severely impacts the 
NTLP (or CSTP) and NSLP (or ULSP) model is related to the dependency
between the (NSIS) protocol requests and the creation (maintenance) of 
NTLP and NSLP states.

For example:
1) One per flow request into a node creates one per flow state 
  at NSLP level and one per flow state at NTLP level; 

2) One per aggregated request creates one per-aggregate state 
  at the NSLP level and one per-aggregate state at the NTLP level;

3) One per-flow or one per aggregate request belonging to one traffic class
   is only modifying the traffic class state in the NSLP and it does not need 
   to create and maintain a state in the NTLP. I define a traffic class as 
   a state associated to an independent number of flows that are belonging 
   to the same traffic class;

Best Regards,
Georgios



-----Original Message-----
From: sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be
[mailto:sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be]
Sent: vrijdag 15 november 2002 8:44
To: Bob Braden
Cc: braden@ISI.EDU; nsis@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt


Hi Bob,

Thanks for your comments. I think we can summarize the outcome as:
- clarify NTLP/NSLP in the context of RMF (according to the discussion
below)
- clarify the different types of RMF interactions, probably requiring
different names for both types
- link to  FORCES

CU in Atlanta,
Sven.





Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU> on 14/11/2002 23:55:19

To:   braden@ISI.EDU, Sven VAN DEN BOSCH/BE/ALCATEL@ALCATEL
cc:   nsis@ietf.org
Subject:  Re: [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt


  *>
  *> 8. The text tends to imply the model of a signaling message passing
  *>      from NI to NR through NFs undisturbed, rather like IP packets
  *>      passing through routers.  (See for example the first sentence
  *>      of section 5.1)  In some cases this may be the wrong
  *>      conceptual model.  In RSVP, signaling is best thought of as
  *>      hop/hop; each hop propogates state in each direction, to keep
  *>      certain invariants true.  Also, refresh messages are generated
  *>      independently and asyncronously at each hop.  It is true that
  *>      hop/hop action is forced by support for multicast, with its
  *>      merging, so it may not be directly relevant to NSIS. However,
  *>      there may be other signaling applications that will best be
  *>      implemented as hop/hop signaling.
  *>
  *> [Sven] Would it be improved if we were more stringent about the
NTLP/NSLP
  *> separation throughout the document. More emphasis is placed on this in
the

Yes, I believe so.

  *> current version but maybe not enough throughout the text. I believe
the
  *> framework should talk about both layers. I also think that the focus
on the
  *> hop-by-hop aspect may be different for both layers (more for NTLP and
less
  *> for NSLP that is). Assuming that NSLP is what contains the description
of
  *> what actually needs to be reserved or done, it is reasonable to
describe
  *> the interaction with RMF more from the NSLP viewpoint.
  *>

Yes, I think I agree.

  *> 9.  Sections 5.1 and 7.2 (which are somewhat redundant) seem foggy to
me.
  *>      For one thing, an RMF may be specific to one or more signaling
  *>      applications, and there may be many distinct RMFs in a single
  *>      node.
  *>
  *> [Sven] I agree. On the other hand, if an RMF is specific to a
signalling
  *> application, the complete picture could be assembled from many of the
  *> current picture in parallel.
  *>
  *>      Also, Figure 4 (which is repeated as Figure 7) and Figure 8
  *>      depict two quite different kinds to things [I would call them
  *>      "entities", but you've used up that word ;-)], and it is not
  *>      clear to me that you can usefully encompass both in a common
  *>      abstraction.  I see two kinds of things: an inner-RMF, which is
  *>      the interface to the local node's
  *>
  *> [Sven] The idea was to clarify that there are indeed to different
types of
  *> interactions with the RMF. On the one hand, the RMF may just be a
server
  *> which assists in performing admission control for locally controlled
  *> resources (what you call the inner-RMF). On the other hand, it may
trigger
  *> a new layer of (local) NSIS signalling. This is what you call the
outer-RMF
  *> and what is depicted in figure 8. The picture may look a bit
'centralized'
  *> but it essentially expresses NSIS nesting where the RMF can be either
  *> client or server.

We are having an agreement, although the text needs some work to say
more clearly what you just said.  There is an issue that is partly (but
not entirely) just expository: are the "two different types" should be
given the same name "RMF".  I think I could argue that they are so
different that it would be clearer to all if they had different names.


  *>
  *>      I see "inner-RMFs" (Figs 4 & 7) that are local interfaces to
  *>      the traffic control and admission control mechanisms of the
  *>      forwarding plane.  The WG should look into how an inner-RMF
  *>      relates to the FORCES work of the IETF.
  *>
  *>      Note that when an inner-RMF is a server, it may supply
  *>      information to the NE as well as accept control state.
  *>      Examples are admission control decisions and the Adspec
  *>      machinery of RSVP v1.
  *>
  *> [Sven] I fully agree.
  *>
  *>      Then there are "outer-RMFs" (Figure 8), which seem to have
  *>      quite different characteristics. This section to be an attempt
  *>      to bring the bandwidth broker under the NSIS umbrella, but
  *>      this may/may not fall into our chartered area.
  *>
  *> [Sven] It does cover bandwidth brokers but it is certainly not
restricted
  *> to that. There is no argument that bandwidth brokers are currently not
the
  *> priority for the NSIS WG but it is also agreed that the framework
  *> should/may have a somewhat broader scope.

I agree with that, and I think the material on Figure 8 is just fine and
belongs here.

  *>
  *>      Finally, it is far from obvious to me that the NF/RMF interface
  *>      corresponds to an SLA.
  *>
  *> [Sven] I think it depends on where you see the admission control. If
you
  *> see this as part of or colocated with the NF (i.e. handling of NSLP)
then
  *> you can think of the RMF as providing an amount of capacity (e.g. the
link
  *> bandwidth for a certain class of service) in which the NF does
admission
  *> control.

I agree that there is a problem here with modularity and interfaces.
I wonder whether the FORCES work might give us some useful guidance
here?

Bob




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From: "Vlora Rexhepi (ELN)" <Vlora.Rexhepi@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'jmanner@cs.helsinki.fi'" <jmanner@cs.helsinki.fi>,
        "'fu@cs.uni-goettingen.de'" <fu@cs.uni-goettingen.de>
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt
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Hi,

I have gone through the analysis draft and I have 
some questions/comments on it...

In general: 
1. The draft provides a good collection of references to 
extensions of RSVP. These are mentioned very briefly, however 
some of the RFC need to be explained more extensively than 
others such as [RFC3175], [RFC3209]. For this you could use the 
text from the:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-03.txt     

2. I find it a very good idea to include protocols developed outside
IETF, but the list in the draft can be extended. So in your question 
on adding more protocols apart from YESSIR, Boomerang, I suggest that 
you add other lightweight signalling protocols such as:
- Resource Management in Diffserv On DemAnd (RODA) PHR 
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-rmd-od-phr-02.txt
see also PfHSN2002, Networking2002, ISCC 2002 proceedings,etc.

- Resource Management in Diffserv Measurement-based Admission Control PHR 
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-rmd-mbac-phr-00.txt

I will be happy to provide you with some input on these protocols.

3. The draft tends to be an "review of existing protocols". 
However the review itself is based on several common issues such as 
Processing Overhead, Bandwidth Consumption, etc. I suggest that these 
be clearly defined and use a common terminology.
 
Specifically:
- Section 2.3 
It is not clear whether in this section you explain processing overhead 
due to signalling or scalability in terms of number of reservation states.
I consider these two as separate issues.
In the same section RSVP aggregation is explained. I believe they 
should be explained separately.    
Also the following paragraph is rather contradictory:
"
Still, for example, the implementation of the daemon can have a huge
effect on the scalability. In [KaSh01], the authors show that their
RSVP daemon is able to handle much more flows than the de-facto ISI
RSVP daemon implementation. Furthermore, the scalability concern
commonly associated with RSVP are more or less subject to
individual's views on what "scalability" is.
"
as initially you say that the daemon implementation can impact
scalability and than you continue by saying that "scalability" is 
subjective to the individual's understanding of it?!

- Section 2.4
Considering the size of signalling messages the Bandwidth Consumption 
does not seem to be important, unless we're talking about wireless 
links. What was the motivation for having it there? 

-Section 2.7
you mention "killer problems", I assume you meant killer reservation 
problems... 

- Section 3.4 and section 4.4
The issues of the reservation identifier and the refresh of the 
reservation state are common for the signalling protocols RSVP, YESSIR
and Boomerang when considering mobility support. 
However in case of YESSIR and Boomerang the refresh of the reservation
state is different than in RSVP as both YESSIR and Boomerang are
sender initiated, which means that there is no need to store backward 
routing information.  I would suggest that in Section 3.4, Section 4.4 
this is explained, instead of just referring to Section 2.5.

-Section 5.5
You focus on the signalling protocols and yet you have explained 
the ITSUMO framework. Is the idea here to include framework/architectures 
as well?
 
Regards,
Vlora



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Hi Georgios,

> Thank you for updating the agenda!
> However, I have a comment. 
> As you already know in the presentation of:
> "A Proposal for RSVPv2" I would like to only present the 
> used concept (see slides in the attachment).
> The used concept is an enhancement of the concept introduced in 
> draft-braden-2level-signaling-01.txt and therefore,
> I would very much appreciate if I will be able to present it!
> Could you move this presentation to the
> Framework Discussion slot?

Right now, I am worried that we are going to be very short
of time, so I cannot promise anything.  Our main goals will
be to discuss the existing WG items & related work.  I will try
to move you up, so that you will have time.  However, the
agendas are closed now by the IETF, so I am hesitant to
change them.

John
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From: "Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'Ersue Mehmet'" <mehmet.ersue@siemens.com>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated agenda
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2002 13:50:09 +0100
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Hi Mehmet

If you look into the slides that I have just sent 
some minutes ago you could see that I am not willing 
to discussed a solution.

What I want to discuss is a concept that 
is very much related to Framework discussion and 
not related to protocol work discussion!
It is a similar concept as the concept that will be 
discussed in the presentation of
draft-braden-2level-signaling-01.txt.

Best regards,
Georgios

-----Original Message-----
From: Ersue Mehmet [mailto:mehmet.ersue@siemens.com]
Sent: vrijdag 15 november 2002 13:40
To: 'Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)'; nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated agenda



Hi Georgios,

> Hi Marcus,
> 
> > I don't think we should go to solutions already.
> 
> I agree - that is why if there are any discussions of solution-oriented
> drafts, then the discussion topics open would be issues that could/should
> be considered by existing WG drafts.  There is no presentation of the
> actual solutions at IETF 55.
> 
> John

as John wrote if there is any solution-oriented discussion we
should only focus on issues which are important for NSIS drafts.

Best Regards,
Mehmet 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)
> [mailto:Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se]
> Sent: Friday, November 15, 2002 11:30 AM
> To: 'john.loughney@nokia.com'
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated agenda
> 
> 
> Hi John
> 
> Thank you for updating the agenda!
> However, I have a comment. 
> As you already know in the presentation of:
> "A Proposal for RSVPv2" I would like to only present the 
> used concept (see slides in the attachment).
> The used concept is an enhancement of the concept introduced in 
> draft-braden-2level-signaling-01.txt and therefore,
> I would very much appreciate if I will be able to present it!
> Could you move this presentation to the
> Framework Discussion slot?
> 
> 
> 
> Best regards,
> Georgios
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
> Sent: donderdag 14 november 2002 23:24
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: [NSIS] Updated agenda
> 
> 
> Tuesday November 19, 2002
> 1300-1400 Afternoon Session I
> 
> 	WG Status, charter discussion - chair 20 min
> 
> 	Terminology Discustion - Robert Hancock
> 
> 	Requirements - Marcus Brunner - 20 minutes
> 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt
> 
> 	Wrap-up - 10 minutes
> 
> WEDNESDAY, November 20, 2002
> 0900-1130 Morning Sessions
> 
> Framework Discussion - 50 minutes
> 
> 	Next Steps in Signaling: Framework - Robert Handcock - (15 min)
> 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-fw-00.txt
> 
> 	Trade-offs and open issues with path discovery and 
> transport - Henning Schulzrinne - (15 min)
> 	
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-schulzrinne-nsis-casp-00.txt
> 
> 	A Two-Level Architecture for Internet Signaling - chair 
> - (10 min)
> 	
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-braden-2level-signal
> ing-01.txt
> 
> 	Sender and Receiver Orientation Issues in NSIS - Robert 
> Hancock - (10 min) 
> 	
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hancock-nsis-sender-
receiver-00.txt 

Analysis work - 50 minutes

	Analysis of Existing Quality of Service Signaling Protocols - Jukka Manner - (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt

	Nsis Threats - H. Tschofenig - (10min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt

	RSVP Security Properties - H. Tschofenig - (10min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-rsvp-sec-properties-00.txt

	Analysis of Existing QoS Solutions - G. Karagiannis - (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-03.txt 

	Analysis of Mobile IP and RSVP Interactions - Mike Thomas - (10 minutes)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-thomas-nsis-rsvp-analysis-00.txt

	Discusion - (15 min)

Protocol Work - 20 minutes - If we have time

	A Proposal for RSVPv2 - G. Karagiannis - (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-proposal-for-rsvpv2-01.txt

	A Firewall/NAT Traversal Client for CASP - H. Tschofenig - (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-tschofenig-nsis-casp-midcom-00.txt

	The Use of Bi-Directional RSVP in the Wireless Internet - Kamel Shaheen (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-Shaheen-shahrier-nsis-brsvp-00.txt 

	Signaling Interworking for IPv6 Network - Gyu Myoung Lee - (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-choi-ipv6-signaling-interworking-00.txt

_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
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To: "'Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)'" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>,
        nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated agenda
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Hi Georgios,

> Hi Marcus,
> 
> > I don't think we should go to solutions already.
> 
> I agree - that is why if there are any discussions of solution-oriented
> drafts, then the discussion topics open would be issues that could/should
> be considered by existing WG drafts.  There is no presentation of the
> actual solutions at IETF 55.
> 
> John

as John wrote if there is any solution-oriented discussion we
should only focus on issues which are important for NSIS drafts.

Best Regards,
Mehmet 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)
> [mailto:Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se]
> Sent: Friday, November 15, 2002 11:30 AM
> To: 'john.loughney@nokia.com'
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated agenda
> 
> 
> Hi John
> 
> Thank you for updating the agenda!
> However, I have a comment. 
> As you already know in the presentation of:
> "A Proposal for RSVPv2" I would like to only present the 
> used concept (see slides in the attachment).
> The used concept is an enhancement of the concept introduced in 
> draft-braden-2level-signaling-01.txt and therefore,
> I would very much appreciate if I will be able to present it!
> Could you move this presentation to the
> Framework Discussion slot?
> 
> 
> 
> Best regards,
> Georgios
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
> Sent: donderdag 14 november 2002 23:24
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: [NSIS] Updated agenda
> 
> 
> Tuesday November 19, 2002
> 1300-1400 Afternoon Session I
> 
> 	WG Status, charter discussion - chair 20 min
> 
> 	Terminology Discustion - Robert Hancock
> 
> 	Requirements - Marcus Brunner - 20 minutes
> 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt
> 
> 	Wrap-up - 10 minutes
> 
> WEDNESDAY, November 20, 2002
> 0900-1130 Morning Sessions
> 
> Framework Discussion - 50 minutes
> 
> 	Next Steps in Signaling: Framework - Robert Handcock - (15 min)
> 	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-fw-00.txt
> 
> 	Trade-offs and open issues with path discovery and 
> transport - Henning Schulzrinne - (15 min)
> 	
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-schulzrinne-nsis-casp-00.txt
> 
> 	A Two-Level Architecture for Internet Signaling - chair 
> - (10 min)
> 	
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-braden-2level-signal
> ing-01.txt
> 
> 	Sender and Receiver Orientation Issues in NSIS - Robert 
> Hancock - (10 min) 
> 	
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hancock-nsis-sender-
receiver-00.txt 

Analysis work - 50 minutes

	Analysis of Existing Quality of Service Signaling Protocols - Jukka Manner - (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt

	Nsis Threats - H. Tschofenig - (10min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-threats-00.txt

	RSVP Security Properties - H. Tschofenig - (10min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-nsis-rsvp-sec-properties-00.txt

	Analysis of Existing QoS Solutions - G. Karagiannis - (10 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-03.txt 

	Analysis of Mobile IP and RSVP Interactions - Mike Thomas - (10 minutes)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-thomas-nsis-rsvp-analysis-00.txt

	Discusion - (15 min)

Protocol Work - 20 minutes - If we have time

	A Proposal for RSVPv2 - G. Karagiannis - (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-proposal-for-rsvpv2-01.txt

	A Firewall/NAT Traversal Client for CASP - H. Tschofenig - (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-tschofenig-nsis-casp-midcom-00.txt

	The Use of Bi-Directional RSVP in the Wireless Internet - Kamel Shaheen (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-Shaheen-shahrier-nsis-brsvp-00.txt 

	Signaling Interworking for IPv6 Network - Gyu Myoung Lee - (5 min)
	http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-choi-ipv6-signaling-interworking-00.txt

_______________________________________________
nsis mailing list
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis

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From: "Georgios Karagiannis (ELN)" <Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'john.loughney@nokia.com'" <john.loughney@nokia.com>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated agenda
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Thank you!

-----Original Message-----
From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
Sent: vrijdag 15 november 2002 13:49
To: Georgios.Karagiannis@eln.ericsson.se
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated agenda


Hi Georgios,

> Thank you for updating the agenda!
> However, I have a comment. 
> As you already know in the presentation of:
> "A Proposal for RSVPv2" I would like to only present the 
> used concept (see slides in the attachment).
> The used concept is an enhancement of the concept introduced in 
> draft-braden-2level-signaling-01.txt and therefore,
> I would very much appreciate if I will be able to present it!
> Could you move this presentation to the
> Framework Discussion slot?

Right now, I am worried that we are going to be very short
of time, so I cannot promise anything.  Our main goals will
be to discuss the existing WG items & related work.  I will try
to move you up, so that you will have time.  However, the
agendas are closed now by the IETF, so I am hesitant to
change them.

John
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Subject: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-schelen-nsis-opopsig-01.txt (Fwd)
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------- Forwarded Message

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.


	Title		: Path-coupled and Path-decoupled Signaling for NSIS
	Author(s)	: A. Couturier, O. Schelen, R. Bless, R. Geib, O. Dugeon
	Filename	: draft-schelen-nsis-opopsig-01.txt
	Pages		: 16
	Date		: 2002-11-7
	
The NSIS Work group will develop the requirements, architecture and
protocols for the next IETF steps on signaling.  Two approaches for a
signaling model have been discussed: path-coupled and path-decoupled
(previously denoted as on-path and off-path).  This draft provides a
conceptual comparison between path-coupled and path-decoupled
signaling together with reasons for why an NSIS protocol should be
designed to support both cases.  The collection of data objects to be
carried by the protocol should basically be the same in both cases
and will evolve over time as new usages for NSIS protocol are
identified.  The differences between the two flavors of this NSIS
protocol are then explained.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-schelen-nsis-opopsig-01.txt

To remove yourself from the IETF Announcement list, send a message to 
ietf-announce-request with the word unsubscribe in the body of the message.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the username
"anonymous" and a password of your e-mail address. After logging in,
type "cd internet-drafts" and then
	"get draft-schelen-nsis-opopsig-01.txt".

A list of Internet-Drafts directories can be found in
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html 
or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt


Internet-Drafts can also be obtained by e-mail.

Send a message to:
	mailserv@ietf.org.
In the body type:
	"FILE /internet-drafts/draft-schelen-nsis-opopsig-01.txt".
	
NOTE:	The mail server at ietf.org can return the document in
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------- End of Forwarded Message


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  *> [reh] Agreed, modulo changing NSLP<-->NTLP in the previous paragraph.

Damn, sorry, you're right.  That is one problem I have with the
NSLP/NTLP terminology... my senior brain gets them confused! ;-)

Bob
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  *> 
  *> For example:
  *> 1) One per flow request into a node creates one per flow state 
  *>   at NSLP level and one per flow state at NTLP level; 
  *> 
  *> 2) One per aggregated request creates one per-aggregate state 
  *>   at the NSLP level and one per-aggregate state at the NTLP level;
  *> 
  *> 3) One per-flow or one per aggregate request belonging to one traffic class
  *>    is only modifying the traffic class state in the NSLP and it does not need 
  *>    to create and maintain a state in the NTLP. I define a traffic class as 
  *>    a state associated to an independent number of flows that are belonging 
  *>    to the same traffic class;
  *> 
  *> Best Regards,
  *> Georgios

Georgios,

I believe that the short answer to your question is that my proposal
already gives you what you want.

I believe that your case 3) is exactly the "SendInfo" primitive
of my API: the SAPU is transmitted reliably but it is not treated
as soft state.  Therefore the receiving CSTP acknowledges it and
demuxes it to the local ULSP module, but the CSTP does not maintain
a copy or any record of the state for timing it out.

So I believe that we have already provided you the facility for a
both "statefull" and "stateless" CSTPs (to use the term on your slides.)
BTW, it was absolutely my intent that the 2level signaling model
should be able to provide the functional organization in your
"Architecture" slide, with its acknowledgment of the core/edge
distinction for signaling.

The other aspect of your slide, PDR vs PHR, harks back to the
discussion that Robert and I have just been having -- how fine-grained
should ULSPs be?  I can imagine defining a single ULSP that exhibits
either PDR or PHR behavior depending upon where it is installed.
Alternatively,PDR and PHR form a pair of distinct but interrelated
ULSPs.  Thinking through the implications in this particular case
might give us some insight about the general design issue.

Finally, note that there is really no difference between your cases (1)
and (2) above,  I defined a "flow" to be of any desired granularity,
from a microflow to a fully aggregated flow.  Furthermore, the CSTP I
defined does not even really know about flows, it really only knows
about sending and receiving signaling messages and about timing out
soft state.  The semantics of flow identification and aggregation are
known only to the ULSP.
[There may be some issues about the specific division of functionality
I chose between CSTP and ULSP.  My choice seemed to be forced by my
desire to provide a common soft-state mechanism in the lower layer, and
there were subtleties having to the interaction with routing.  There is
a design issue that I have been reconsidering... whether in fact the
CSTP *should* know about flows... but that should be the subject of a
different message.]

Thanks,

Bob Braden



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  *> Hi Bob
  *> 
  *> I think that I agree with many of your comments.
  *> However, it will be great if we could discuss and agree 
  *> on the terminology regarding NI, NF and NR.
  *> Due to this terminology you probably got confused 
  *> with the definition of the sender and receiver initiated modes.
  *> 
  *> Related to the definition of sender/receiver initiated modes,
  *> we wanted to actually say the following:
  *> * sender initiated: is the mode where the sender of the data path
  *>   is initiating the procedure of installing the reservation 
  *>   (requested resources) states
  *> * receiver initiated: is the mode where the receiver of the data 
  *>   path is initiating the reservation (requested resources) states.
  *> 
  *> Best regards,
  *> Georgios
  *> 

Georgios,

Pardon if I am being obtuse, but this distinction does not seem to
capture the difference.  In the RSVP case, state is being installed in
both directions: path state is installed downstream and reservation
state is installed upstream.  Hence, you would have to say that RSVP is
both sender- and receiver-initiated.

Perhaps the confusion comes because we are not making a necessary
distinction between a specific signaling operation and the signaling
application's effect.  The effect of RSVP is to install
"receiver-initiated resource reservations", but RSVP achieves this
effect using bi-directional signaling operations.

For the purposes of the Framework, I suggest we want to use NI and NR
to define a signaling operation.  Then, indeed RSVP would make both
sender and receiver the NI and the NR. The text needs to make clear
that "Initiator" in NI is intended in this very specific sense, not to
be confused with the higher-level semantic effect that people usually
call "sender-initiated" or "receiver-initiated".  I suggest that we
instead refer to "upstream" and "downstream" signaling operations.

Does this make sense?

Bob


  *> 
  *> -----Original Message-----
  *> From: Bob Braden [mailto:braden@ISI.EDU]
  *> Sent: woensdag 13 november 2002 20:36
  *> To: nsis@ietf.org
  *> Cc: braden@ISI.EDU
  *> Subject: [NSIS] General comments on draft-ietf-nsis-fw-01.txt
  *> 
  *> 
  *> 
  *> I finally found time to comment on the Framework draft.  Sorry this
  *> comes so late.
  *> 
  *> A separate message contains interleaved detailed comments, issues,
  *> questions, and disagreements.  This message distills out some general
  *> comments.
  *> 
  *> The Framework document represents a substantial body of work with much
  *> to recommend it.  I know from experience how much work is represented
  *> here, and the authors deserve our praise and thanks.  However, I also
  *> believe that considerable more work will be needed.
  *> 
  *> First, a somewhat philosophical comment.  My most general uneasiness
  *> with the present document is that it seems at times to float in a
  *> void.  It seems a bit too top-down in flavor at times, without enough
  *> grounding in the real Internet issues.  This gets better through the
  *> document, so that I generally liked sections 4, 5, and 6 much better
  *> than the eaerlier sections.  It also seems a bit disconnected from the
  *> significant previous history of Internet signaling.  Many of the
  *> technical issues of Internet signaling have in fact been explored in
  *> the IETF, principally by the RSVP working group (although not all of
  *> the conclusions made it into the existing RSVP v1 RFCs).
  *> 
  *> Many readers will be familiar with at least the general concepts of
  *> RSVP, and it would be very helpful if the document was explicit, at
  *> least in a parenthetical way, about places where NSIS is taking a new
  *> tack, as well as places where it is covering the same ground.  In a few
  *> places, using existing terminology where it fits would also be
  *> helpful.
  *> 
  *> Now more specific general comments ;-)
  *> 
  *> 1.  I believe that the document would gain increased depth and
  *> 	credibility if it had a few more references to important and
  *> 	relevant academic papers.  Particular examples might include
  *> 	YESSIR, Lixia's multi-level model, or (a small selection out of
  *> 	the corpus of) papers about mobile resource reservations.
  *> 
  *> 2. There is a lot of good material and specific discussion, but there
  *> 	is some redundancy.  It probably needs a serious hack
  *> 	with a text editor, moving blocks of text around and deleting
  *> 	redundant material. (see detailed comment message for examples.)
  *> 
  *> 3. I would like to suggest that the only occurrence of the 4-letter
  *> 	term "NSIS" in this document should be in the combination
  *> 	"NSIS Working Group".  All other occurrences of NSIS should
  *> 	be replaced by something else ... e.g., "Internet signaling"
  *> 	or "signaling" or ... whatever works in the particular context.
  *> 
  *> 	Another useful term is "suite", as in a "suite of signaling
  *> 	protocols".
  *> 
  *> 	Curiously, the word "node" almost never occurs in this document,
  *> 	yet it is fundamental.  Signaling can be described abstractly,
  *> 	but that has to map into real messages sent between real
  *> 	nodes -- end systems, routers, and middleboxes.  This may be
  *> 	just a stylistic thing.
  *> 
  *> 4. The document tends to say, "Oh, by the way, this is not *just* about
  *> 	QoS", and then shortly falls into QoS-oriented terminology.
  *> 	I think this is the wrong orientation.  It should rather be:
  *> 	"This is about all forms of path-related Internet signaling,
  *> 	such as QoS setup and control of middleboxes."
  *> 
  *> 	A deeper consequence of this is the need to be quite precise about
  *> 	terminology, to make sure it is sufficiently general.
  *> 
  *> 		What is the purpose of "signaling"? I generally use the
  *> 		Computer Sciency phrase, "to establish state in network
  *> 		nodes".  The document often uses the term "resource
  *> 		request" for roughly the same concept (though it is not
  *> 		consistent.)
  *> 
  *> 	At first I thought "resource request" should be replaced
  *> 	because it is too QoS-specific.  However, it seems more in
  *> 	keeping with the existing document to simply define "resource
  *> 	request" in a general way as equivalent to setting up state,
  *> 	using a very general notion of what we mean by "resource".  I
  *> 	think this can be made to work, but it needs a careful
  *> 	paragraph in the Introduction and strict care to always use
  *> 	this term.  You will find a number of detailed suggested
  *> 	changes in this direction in my detailed comments.
  *>  
  *> 5. At many points, the Framework document seems to assume a simplistic
  *> 	model of resource reservation -- that it is necessarily
  *> 	one-pass and can be achieved by a one-way flow of signaling
  *> 	packets along the data flow path.  This omits the potentially
  *> 	important cases that require two-pass algorithms, or those that
  *> 	use one-pass-with-advertising (e.g., the IntServ Guaranteed
  *> 	service.)  The WG should beware of simplistic
  *> 	assumptions.
  *> 
  *> 	This shows up most directly in the terms NI and NR, whose
  *> 	semantics are sometimes confusing.  Of course, *I* prefer the
  *> 	abstractions p-src and p-dest that I introduced in my 2level
  *> 	document ;-), but perhaps NI and NR can be made to work.
  *> 	However, that will require careful definition and usage.  For
  *> 	example, RSVP v1 depends upon signaling in both directions,
  *> 	using both Path and Resv messages.  So, for RSVP v1, both
  *> 	sender and receiver act as both NI and NR.  Some of the
  *> 	discussion does not seem to encompass this generality.
  *> 
  *> 6. The fundamental architectural picture in Figs 1 and 4 seems at
  *> 	first blush to be obvious, but the more I think about it,
  *> 	the more uncertain I am.
  *> 
  *> 	The idea of a "co-located NI&NF" seems to conceptually define
  *> 	what you expect to be in an end system doing QoS signaling
  *> 	using the new protocol (and indeed that is exactly what RSVP v1
  *> 	assumed).  In particular, an Internet end system has to have at
  *> 	least a primitive routing/forwarding function, because it may
  *> 	be multihomed and/or have multiple first-hop routers.   Also,
  *> 	for QoS setup, at least, it is generally necessary to have an
  *> 	(inner-)RMF in the end system as well as in the routers.
  *> 	(as shown in figure 9, which contradicts Figure 1!)
  *> 
  *> 	These considerations probably hold even if the NI is not an
  *> 	end system.  In fact, now that I think of it, it seems that
  *> 	there "co-located NI&NF" will be the normal case, except when
  *> 	a proxy is the NI.
  *> 
  *> 	Iin practice the NI and NF functions will hopefully be only a
  *> 	single protocol entity in the end system.  You can DESCRIBE it
  *> 	logically as two connected conceptual boxes, but this may not
  *> 	be very helpful to the implementor or in detailed design.  In
  *> 	other words, the seemingly plausible picture conceals a deep
  *> 	issue of modularity and interface placement.
  *> 
  *> 	Even if we decide that the figures as drawn at the best model,
  *> 	some discussion is needed about how this model maps into the
  *> 	real world.	
  *> 	
  *> 
  *> 7. The path-coupled/path-decoupled dichotomy is not all there is.
  *> 
  *> 	Thinking about this space, I was led to introduce a different
  *> 	dichotomy, "path-related" vs. "path-unrelated".  The NSIS
  *> 	WG is primarily focusing on path-related & path-coupled
  *> 	signaling, but some would like to also handle path-related &
  *> 	path-decoupled signaling.  However, there is a 3rd class
  *> 	of signaling that has no direct relationship to any path; I
  *> 	called this path-decoupled.  It might for example be used to
  *> 	configure routers in a domain.  This is still signaling, but
  *> 	not the kind we intend to do in NSIS.
  *> 
  *> 8. The text tends to imply the model of a signaling message passing
  *> 	from NI to NR through NFs undisturbed, rather like IP packets
  *> 	passing through routers.  (See for example the first sentence
  *> 	of section 5.1)  In some cases this may be the wrong
  *> 	conceptual model.  In RSVP, signaling is best thought of as
  *> 	hop/hop; each hop propogates state in each direction, to keep
  *> 	certain invariants true.  Also, refresh messages are generated
  *> 	independently and asyncronously at each hop.  It is true that
  *> 	hop/hop action is forced by support for multicast, with its
  *> 	merging, so it may not be directly relevant to NSIS. However,
  *> 	there may be other signaling applications that will best be
  *> 	implemented as hop/hop signaling.
  *> 
  *> 9.  Sections 5.1 and 7.2 (which are somewhat redundant) seem foggy to me.
  *> 	For one thing, an RMF may be specific to one or more signaling
  *> 	applications, and there may be many distinct RMFs in a single
  *> 	node.
  *> 
  *> 	Also, Figure 4 (which is repeated as Figure 7) and Figure 8
  *> 	depict two quite different kinds to things [I would call them
  *> 	"entities", but you've used up that word ;-)], and it is not
  *> 	clear to me that you can usefully encompass both in a common
  *> 	abstraction.  I see two kinds of things: an inner-RMF, which is
  *> 	the interface to the local node's
  *> 
  *> 	I see "inner-RMFs" (Figs 4 & 7) that are local interfaces to
  *> 	the traffic control and admission control mechanisms of the
  *> 	forwarding plane.  The WG should look into how an inner-RMF
  *> 	relates to the FORCES work of the IETF. 
  *> 
  *> 	Note that when an inner-RMF is a server, it may supply
  *> 	information to the NE as well as accept control state.
  *> 	Examples are admission control decisions and the Adspec
  *> 	machinery of RSVP v1.
  *> 
  *> 	Then there are "outer-RMFs" (Figure 8), which seem to have
  *> 	quite different characteristics. This section to be an attempt
  *> 	to bring the bandwidth broker under the NSIS umbrella, but
  *> 	this may/may not fall into our chartered area. 
  *> 
  *> 	Finally, it is far from obvious to me that the NF/RMF interface
  *> 	corresponds to an SLA.  
  *> _____________________________________
  *> Bob Braden
  *> _______________________________________________
  *> nsis mailing list
  *> nsis@ietf.org
  *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> 
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  *> If I understand correctly, we are talking about an identifier that is
  *> independent of IP addresses (they could be the flow id for QoS and should
  *> go in the NTLP anyway) and cannot be guaranteed to be needed in all

Sven,

?? I don't understand your argument for putting a "flow id for QoS" in the
NTLP/CSTP.  [I am not claiming there is no argument, mind you; depending
upon what you mean by "flow id", I might/might not agree.]

  *> applications. Given this, I think it would make sense to make it a
  *> mandatory component of each NSLP specification (I am assuming that the

I would argue against *any* mandatory component of NSLP specifications.
I think it is vital for future unforeseen applications of our framework
that the NSLP level be unrestricted.  It's fine to say, "If an NSLP/ULSP
needs this functionality, do it this way: ...", but not to mandate its
usage by all NSLPs/ULSPs.

  *> actual user of this id will be NSLP and therefore it would make more sense
  *> to put it there). Maybe we could foresee a flag in the NTLP to indicate
  *> that such an object is present?

If it is used in by an NSLP/ULSP, the object can be embedded in the
SAPU.  The "flag" could be embodied in the encoding used  for the
SAPU, e.g., it might be the presence of a strongly-typed object
as in RSVP v1.)

Bob Braden

  *> 
  *> Sven.
  *> 
  *> 
  *> 
  *> 
  *> 
  *> "Freytsis, Ilya" <ifreytsis@Cetacean.com>@ietf.org on 08/11/2002 15:42:46
  *> 
  *> Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org
  *> 
  *> 
  *> To:   "'Hancock, Robert'" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>, Bob Braden
  *>       <braden@ISI.EDU>, nsis@ietf.org, brunner@ccrle.nec.de
  *> cc:
  *> Subject:  RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
  *>        dentifier
  *> 
  *> 
  *> My comments in-line
  *> 
  *> Regards,
  *> Ilya
  *> 
  *> -----Original Message-----
  *> From: Hancock, Robert [mailto:robert.hancock@roke.co.uk]
  *> Sent: Thursday, November 07, 2002 5:37 PM
  *> To: Bob Braden; nsis@ietf.org; brunner@ccrle.nec.de
  *> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
  *> dentifier
  *> 
  *> Hi,
  *> 
  *> A comment on scope/layering of this reservation identifier thing (if it
  *> ever
  *> exists):
  *> 
  *> >   *> So reformulating the requirement into "An NSIS protocol
  *> > MUST support a
  *> >   *> reservation identifer" would solve the first one.
  *> >
  *> > OK, although I would say "MUST be able to support".
  *> >
  *> > BTW, a reservation identifier is presumably a multi-hop
  *> > thing, so in my
  *> > 2-level model it is a creature of ULSP, i.e., it is carried in an
  *> > SAPU.  That's good, because non-QoS signaling applications probably
  *> > don't have any reservations to identify.
  *> 
  *> I think we need to work through this.
  *> 
  *> 1. As Marcus has said, we are signalling to set up something, and that
  *> something is what we want to identify to be able to manipulate - it doesn't
  *> matter if it's QoS (and called a reservation) or something else.
  *> [IF] That is right to the point. I just want to add that that something is
  *> separate from the flow but used by the flow. The main value of the
  *> reservation ID in my mind is to enable referencing that something
  *> independently from any other characteristics of the flow.
  *> 
  *> The v6 flow label draft calls this something 'flow state' so this
  *> identifier
  *> could be a "flow state id". Would that be a better term?
  *> [IF] I don't think. See the argument above.
  *> 2. My feeling is that this XXX-id would be useful for general signalling
  *> applications (i.e. if you use the signalling application in a mobile
  *> enviroment, efficiently moving the state is something you want to do
  *> anyway). Also, providing the facility might be tricky, and might require
  *> subtle interworking with other protocols (e.g. mobility ones).
  *> 
  *> In that case, it be better to provide it as a generic service rather than
  *> solving the problem for each signalling application.
  *> [IF] Agreed.
  *> 3. So, wouldn't one want it within the NTLP (lower layer)?
  *> [IF] Absolutely.
  *> 4. Or, should we be thinking of some kind of 'core' NSLP toolkit which has
  *> these generic facilities?
  *> [IF] I think it is good way to move forward.
  *> Cheers,
  *> 
  *> Robert H.
  *> _______________________________________________
  *> nsis mailing list
  *> nsis@ietf.org
  *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> _______________________________________________
  *> nsis mailing list
  *> nsis@ietf.org
  *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> 
  *> 
  *> 
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I will be out of the office starting  15.11.2002 and will not return until
18.11.2002.

Thank you for keeping me informed.
I will respond to your message when I return.



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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sat Nov 16 03:30:17 2002
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dear all,

attentive agenda readers will note that i am underpinning claim to be an idiot by volunteering for the terminology slot in the atlanta session.

i have gathered a personal 'top ten' issues, where there seems to either a tension about what terms to use or not to use, or where terminology issues may be clouding discussion of a more deep-seated conceptual issue.

please suggest additions or deletions (we have 10 minutes). or else, have your linguistic skills finely tuned for tuesday afternoon. i expect to see helpful definitions flooding in via instant messages ;-)

[the following is in a deliberately abbreviated format:]
nsis (name of a working group, or name of 'what we are doing')
path-coupled/decoupled (what do they mean)
sender/receiver (how do we use them)
initiated/oriented (is it clear what these mean? is there more than one concept?)
path-related/unrelated (do we need to introduce and discuss the concepts)
peer vs. neighbour
discovery? selection? path vs. peer discovery (is there a non controversial use of the word 'discovery'?)
ntlp/ntsp (other preferred terms?)
reservation identifier? path identifier? (are there two concepts? what are we identifying?)
reservation? resource management? (too qos-centric? or should we declare them as abstract?)

cheers,

robert h.
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Subject: Re: [NSIS] terminology top 10
To: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
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Hi Robert,

Maybe add RMF, inner-RMF, outer-RMF?

Sven.





"Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>@ietf.org on 16/11/2002
09:28:00

Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org


To:   nsis@ietf.org
cc:
Subject:  [NSIS] terminology top 10


dear all,

attentive agenda readers will note that i am underpinning claim to be an
idiot by volunteering for the terminology slot in the atlanta session.

i have gathered a personal 'top ten' issues, where there seems to either a
tension about what terms to use or not to use, or where terminology issues
may be clouding discussion of a more deep-seated conceptual issue.

please suggest additions or deletions (we have 10 minutes). or else, have
your linguistic skills finely tuned for tuesday afternoon. i expect to see
helpful definitions flooding in via instant messages ;-)

[the following is in a deliberately abbreviated format:]
nsis (name of a working group, or name of 'what we are doing')
path-coupled/decoupled (what do they mean)
sender/receiver (how do we use them)
initiated/oriented (is it clear what these mean? is there more than one
concept?)
path-related/unrelated (do we need to introduce and discuss the concepts)
peer vs. neighbour
discovery? selection? path vs. peer discovery (is there a non controversial
use of the word 'discovery'?)
ntlp/ntsp (other preferred terms?)
reservation identifier? path identifier? (are there two concepts? what are
we identifying?)
reservation? resource management? (too qos-centric? or should we declare
them as abstract?)

cheers,

robert h.
_______________________________________________
nsis mailing list
nsis@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis



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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Sat Nov 16 04:49:51 2002
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
	 dentifier
To: Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>
Cc: braden@ISI.EDU, nsis@ietf.org, brunner@ccrle.nec.de
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Bob,

Please see inline

Thanks,
Sven.





Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>@ietf.org on 15/11/2002 20:36:26

Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org


To:   Sven VAN DEN BOSCH/BE/ALCATEL@ALCATEL
cc:   braden@ISI.EDU, nsis@ietf.org, brunner@ccrle.nec.de
Subject:  RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of reservation i
       dentifier


  *> If I understand correctly, we are talking about an identifier that is
  *> independent of IP addresses (they could be the flow id for QoS and
should
  *> go in the NTLP anyway) and cannot be guaranteed to be needed in all

Sven,

?? I don't understand your argument for putting a "flow id for QoS" in the
NTLP/CSTP.  [I am not claiming there is no argument, mind you; depending
upon what you mean by "flow id", I might/might not agree.]

[Sven] The point that was raised in the framework, I believe, was that it
would be useful to carry source and or destination address in NTLP (if they
are carried) for address translation purposes. If these are part of the
flow identifier they could be carried in NTLP. We were discussing about a
reservation identifier for NSLP, therefor my claim was that we could limit
that discussion to an IP address independent identifier since the address
dependent part would go in NTLP. I am not sure this is correct/useful but
that was the idea.

  *> applications. Given this, I think it would make sense to make it a
  *> mandatory component of each NSLP specification (I am assuming that the

I would argue against *any* mandatory component of NSLP specifications.
I think it is vital for future unforeseen applications of our framework
that the NSLP level be unrestricted.  It's fine to say, "If an NSLP/ULSP
needs this functionality, do it this way: ...", but not to mandate its
usage by all NSLPs/ULSPs.

[Sven] I read in some other message of this or another thread: mandatory to
specify, not mandatory to use. I think this applies to this thing as well.
It then covers exactly what you say: "if you need it, do it this way". That
would make it optional to use, but if used with a unique specification.

  *> actual user of this id will be NSLP and therefore it would make more
sense
  *> to put it there). Maybe we could foresee a flag in the NTLP to
indicate
  *> that such an object is present?

If it is used in by an NSLP/ULSP, the object can be embedded in the
SAPU.  The "flag" could be embodied in the encoding used  for the
SAPU, e.g., it might be the presence of a strongly-typed object
as in RSVP v1.)

[Sven] OK.

Sven.

Bob Braden

  *>
  *> Sven.
  *>
  *>
  *>
  *>
  *>
  *> "Freytsis, Ilya" <ifreytsis@Cetacean.com>@ietf.org on 08/11/2002
15:42:46
  *>
  *> Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org
  *>
  *>
  *> To:   "'Hancock, Robert'" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>, Bob Braden
  *>       <braden@ISI.EDU>, nsis@ietf.org, brunner@ccrle.nec.de
  *> cc:
  *> Subject:  RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of
reservation i
  *>        dentifier
  *>
  *>
  *> My comments in-line
  *>
  *> Regards,
  *> Ilya
  *>
  *> -----Original Message-----
  *> From: Hancock, Robert [mailto:robert.hancock@roke.co.uk]
  *> Sent: Thursday, November 07, 2002 5:37 PM
  *> To: Bob Braden; nsis@ietf.org; brunner@ccrle.nec.de
  *> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Req-Draft: Open Issue 2: Independence of
reservation i
  *> dentifier
  *>
  *> Hi,
  *>
  *> A comment on scope/layering of this reservation identifier thing (if
it
  *> ever
  *> exists):
  *>
  *> >   *> So reformulating the requirement into "An NSIS protocol
  *> > MUST support a
  *> >   *> reservation identifer" would solve the first one.
  *> >
  *> > OK, although I would say "MUST be able to support".
  *> >
  *> > BTW, a reservation identifier is presumably a multi-hop
  *> > thing, so in my
  *> > 2-level model it is a creature of ULSP, i.e., it is carried in an
  *> > SAPU.  That's good, because non-QoS signaling applications probably
  *> > don't have any reservations to identify.
  *>
  *> I think we need to work through this.
  *>
  *> 1. As Marcus has said, we are signalling to set up something, and that
  *> something is what we want to identify to be able to manipulate - it
doesn't
  *> matter if it's QoS (and called a reservation) or something else.
  *> [IF] That is right to the point. I just want to add that that
something is
  *> separate from the flow but used by the flow. The main value of the
  *> reservation ID in my mind is to enable referencing that something
  *> independently from any other characteristics of the flow.
  *>
  *> The v6 flow label draft calls this something 'flow state' so this
  *> identifier
  *> could be a "flow state id". Would that be a better term?
  *> [IF] I don't think. See the argument above.
  *> 2. My feeling is that this XXX-id would be useful for general
signalling
  *> applications (i.e. if you use the signalling application in a mobile
  *> enviroment, efficiently moving the state is something you want to do
  *> anyway). Also, providing the facility might be tricky, and might
require
  *> subtle interworking with other protocols (e.g. mobility ones).
  *>
  *> In that case, it be better to provide it as a generic service rather
than
  *> solving the problem for each signalling application.
  *> [IF] Agreed.
  *> 3. So, wouldn't one want it within the NTLP (lower layer)?
  *> [IF] Absolutely.
  *> 4. Or, should we be thinking of some kind of 'core' NSLP toolkit which
has
  *> these generic facilities?
  *> [IF] I think it is good way to move forward.
  *> Cheers,
  *>
  *> Robert H.
  *> _______________________________________________
  *> nsis mailing list
  *> nsis@ietf.org
  *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> _______________________________________________
  *> nsis mailing list
  *> nsis@ietf.org
  *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *>
  *>
  *>
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Hi all,

For those who have slidesets schedules for discussion at IETF 55, please send
your slidesets to me as soon as possible.

John
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Hi all,

Trying to get organized for IETF 55, I have a webpage setup with the agenda, links to drafts & presentations.  

The initial version can be found here:

http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/index.htm

Thanks,
John
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Hi Vlora,

> 2. I find it a very good idea to include protocols developed outside
> IETF, but the list in the draft can be extended. So in your question 
> on adding more protocols apart from YESSIR, Boomerang, I suggest that 
> you add other lightweight signalling protocols such as:
>
> - Resource Management in Diffserv On DemAnd (RODA) PHR 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-rmd-od-phr-02.txt
> see also PfHSN2002, Networking2002, ISCC 2002 proceedings,etc.
> 
> - Resource Management in Diffserv Measurement-based Admission Control PHR 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-rmd-mbac-phr-00.txt
>
> I will be happy to provide you with some input on these protocols.

Do you have any code for these where folks could test them out?  If
you have any simulation results, etc. it would be great to get info
on them.

> -Section 5.5
> You focus on the signalling protocols and yet you have explained 
> the ITSUMO framework. Is the idea here to include 
> framework/architectures as well?

I would hope we would not focus on framework or architectures as these are
somewhat tangential to our purpose.

thanks,
John
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From: Jukka MJ Manner <jmanner@cs.Helsinki.FI>
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Hi, thank you for the comments. Below some answers:

Jukka

On Fri, 15 Nov 2002, Vlora Rexhepi (ELN) wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> I have gone through the analysis draft and I have 
> some questions/comments on it...
> 
> In general: 
> 1. The draft provides a good collection of references to 
> extensions of RSVP. These are mentioned very briefly, however 
> some of the RFC need to be explained more extensively than 
> others such as [RFC3175], [RFC3209]. For this you could use the 
> text from the:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-03.txt     

True, although it would would be good not to include too much description
about all extensions, but rather give the review of the extension - the
reader can find out more information from the reference. I fear the 
document will be horribly long otherwise...

> 
> 2. I find it a very good idea to include protocols developed outside
> IETF, but the list in the draft can be extended. So in your question 
> on adding more protocols apart from YESSIR, Boomerang, I suggest that 
> you add other lightweight signalling protocols such as:
> - Resource Management in Diffserv On DemAnd (RODA) PHR 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-rmd-od-phr-02.txt
> see also PfHSN2002, Networking2002, ISCC 2002 proceedings,etc.
> 

Could you provide more detailed references? Which articles? Title, 
authors?

> - Resource Management in Diffserv Measurement-based Admission Control PHR 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-rmd-mbac-phr-00.txt
> 
> I will be happy to provide you with some input on these protocols.
> 
> 3. The draft tends to be an "review of existing protocols". 
> However the review itself is based on several common issues such as 
> Processing Overhead, Bandwidth Consumption, etc. I suggest that these 
> be clearly defined and use a common terminology.
>  
> Specifically:
> - Section 2.3 
> It is not clear whether in this section you explain processing overhead 
> due to signalling or scalability in terms of number of reservation states.
> I consider these two as separate issues.

As I see it, the processing of signalling is one thing and the scalability 
is tied to the hardware of the router you are evaluating. Thus,
evaluating the processing overhead is more generic. Still, we should try 
to avoid the words "scalability, scalable".

> In the same section RSVP aggregation is explained. I believe they 
> should be explained separately.    
> Also the following paragraph is rather contradictory:
> "
> Still, for example, the implementation of the daemon can have a huge
> effect on the scalability. In [KaSh01], the authors show that their
> RSVP daemon is able to handle much more flows than the de-facto ISI
> RSVP daemon implementation. Furthermore, the scalability concern
> commonly associated with RSVP are more or less subject to
> individual's views on what "scalability" is.
> "
> as initially you say that the daemon implementation can impact
> scalability and than you continue by saying that "scalability" is 
> subjective to the individual's understanding of it?!

yes, true, I shouldn't have used the word scalability. Something along the
processing needed to support n number of flow states - whether the number
of flows supported is high or low depends on the individuals view and
requirements.  I tried to say two different things in one paragraph...:)

> 
> - Section 2.4
> Considering the size of signalling messages the Bandwidth Consumption 
> does not seem to be important, unless we're talking about wireless 
> links. What was the motivation for having it there? 
> 

Exactly that: how much bandwidth does the signalling consume, both 
initially and to keep the reservation/resources reserved. I don't see how 
bandwidth utilization is only related to wireless networks, though. I 
think this is an issue, perhaps not the most important for wired 
networks... but, the wireless ...:)

> -Section 2.7
> you mention "killer problems", I assume you meant killer reservation 
> problems... 

You lost me...:) The point of this section was to discuss how well (or
not) a protocol could be deployed in different networks, and give some
examples of work done in the area.

> 
> - Section 3.4 and section 4.4
> The issues of the reservation identifier and the refresh of the 
> reservation state are common for the signalling protocols RSVP, YESSIR
> and Boomerang when considering mobility support. 
> However in case of YESSIR and Boomerang the refresh of the reservation
> state is different than in RSVP as both YESSIR and Boomerang are
> sender initiated, which means that there is no need to store backward 
> routing information.  I would suggest that in Section 3.4, Section 4.4 
> this is explained, instead of just referring to Section 2.5.

True. The evaluation of all protocols is still in a very early stage, 
especially regarding YESSIR, Boomerang, Insignia, ...

> 
> -Section 5.5
> You focus on the signalling protocols and yet you have explained 
> the ITSUMO framework. Is the idea here to include framework/architectures 
> as well?

This was probably a mistake. Still, ITSUMO is an example of a bandwidth 
broker (off-path signalling?) scheme, so I thought it could be there. On 
the other hand, there is not much to evaluate from a protocol POV.

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From: "Vlora Rexhepi (ELN)" <Vlora.Rexhepi@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'john.loughney@nokia.com'" <john.loughney@nokia.com>
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt
Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2002 13:10:54 +0100
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Hi John,

|> 2. I find it a very good idea to include protocols developed outside
|> IETF, but the list in the draft can be extended. So in your question 
|> on adding more protocols apart from YESSIR, Boomerang, I 
|suggest that 
|> you add other lightweight signalling protocols such as:
|>
|> - Resource Management in Diffserv On DemAnd (RODA) PHR 
|> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-rmd-od-phr-02.txt
|> see also PfHSN2002, Networking2002, ISCC 2002 proceedings,etc.
|> 
|> - Resource Management in Diffserv Measurement-based 
|Admission Control PHR 
|> 
|http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-rmd-mbac-phr-00.txt
|>
|> I will be happy to provide you with some input on these protocols.
|
|Do you have any code for these where folks could test them out?  If
|you have any simulation results, etc. it would be great to get info
|on them.
|

There is a prototype implementation in Linux of both protocols (RODA and RIMA) 
and also a lot of simulation results (mainly on RODA). Some of the results on 
the RODA as I mentioned are already presented in conferences. The most recent
ones are:

1. Westberg, et. al., "Resource Management in Diffserv (RMD): A Functionality
and Performance Behavior Overview", PfHSN 2002 proceedings, Berlin.

2. Czászár, et. al. "Severe Congestion Handling with Resource 
Management On Demand ", Networking2002 proceedings, Pisa, Italy.

3. Jacobsson, et.al. "Resource Management in Differentiated 
Services: A Prototype Implementation". 7th IEEE SCC 2002 proceedings, Italy.

And as we're continuously working on the protocols there hasn't been
any release of the code yet. 
  

|> -Section 5.5
|> You focus on the signalling protocols and yet you have explained 
|> the ITSUMO framework. Is the idea here to include 
|> framework/architectures as well?
|
|I would hope we would not focus on framework or architectures 
|as these are
|somewhat tangential to our purpose.
Agreed. 

Regards,
Vlora
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From: "Vlora Rexhepi (ELN)" <Vlora.Rexhepi@eln.ericsson.se>
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Hi Jukka,
 
|> In general: 
|> 1. The draft provides a good collection of references to 
|> extensions of RSVP. These are mentioned very briefly, however 
|> some of the RFC need to be explained more extensively than 
|> others such as [RFC3175], [RFC3209]. For this you could use the 
|> text from the:
|> 
|http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-demeer-nsis-analysis-
|03.txt     
|
|True, although it would would be good not to include too much 
|description
|about all extensions, but rather give the review of the extension - the
|reader can find out more information from the reference. I fear the 
|document will be horribly long otherwise...
|
I agree with you. However I think that RSVP Aggregation and RSVP-TE 
should be discussed in more detail.

|> 2. I find it a very good idea to include protocols developed outside
|> IETF, but the list in the draft can be extended. So in your question 
|> on adding more protocols apart from YESSIR, Boomerang, I 
|suggest that 
|> you add other lightweight signalling protocols such as:
|> - Resource Management in Diffserv On DemAnd (RODA) PHR 
|> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-westberg-rmd-od-phr-02.txt
|> see also PfHSN2002, Networking2002, ISCC 2002 proceedings,etc.
|> 
|
|Could you provide more detailed references? Which articles? Title, 
|authors?
I already replied to John's question on this. Here are some recent 
papers:
1. Westberg, et. al., "Resource Management in Diffserv (RMD): A Functionality
and Performance Behavior Overview", PfHSN 2002 proceedings, Berlin.

2. Czászár, et. al. "Severe Congestion Handling with Resource 
Management On Demand ", Networking2002 proceedings, Pisa, Italy.

3. Jacobsson, et.al. "Resource Management in Differentiated 
Services: A Prototype Implementation". 7th IEEE SCC 2002 proceedings, Italy. 
 


|As I see it, the processing of signalling is one thing and the 
|scalability 
|is tied to the hardware of the router you are evaluating. Thus,
|evaluating the processing overhead is more generic. Still, we 
|should try 
|to avoid the words "scalability, scalable".
Why should we avoid it? If there is a well defined and agreed 
terminology we could still use it. You will need to define 'Processing 
Overhead' just the same.
I think 'Scalability' (in terms of number of states, number of 
hand-offs, etc) is an important performance issue for the IP QoS 
protocols and it should not be avoided.


|> In the same section RSVP aggregation is explained. I believe they 
|> should be explained separately.    
|> Also the following paragraph is rather contradictory:
|> "
|> Still, for example, the implementation of the daemon can have a huge
|> effect on the scalability. In [KaSh01], the authors show that their
|> RSVP daemon is able to handle much more flows than the de-facto ISI
|> RSVP daemon implementation. Furthermore, the scalability concern
|> commonly associated with RSVP are more or less subject to
|> individual's views on what "scalability" is.
|> "
|> as initially you say that the daemon implementation can impact
|> scalability and than you continue by saying that "scalability" is 
|> subjective to the individual's understanding of it?!
|
|yes, true, I shouldn't have used the word scalability. 
|Something along the
|processing needed to support n number of flow states - whether 
|the number
|of flows supported is high or low depends on the individuals view and
|requirements.  I tried to say two different things in one 
|paragraph...:)
the paragraph does talk about scalability :), which is good, but I
think it's better if you remove completely the text related to 'individuals 
view'.
repeating myself :), a good terminology/definition section will be 
helpful here.

 
|> - Section 2.4
|> Considering the size of signalling messages the Bandwidth 
|Consumption 
|> does not seem to be important, unless we're talking about wireless 
|> links. What was the motivation for having it there? 
|> 
|
|Exactly that: how much bandwidth does the signalling consume, both 
|initially and to keep the reservation/resources reserved. I 
|don't see how 
|bandwidth utilization is only related to wireless networks, though. I 
|think this is an issue, perhaps not the most important for wired 
|networks... but, the wireless ...:)
Ok I see your point.


|> -Section 2.7
|> you mention "killer problems", I assume you meant killer reservation 
|> problems... 
|
|You lost me...:) The point of this section was to discuss how well (or
|not) a protocol could be deployed in different networks, and give some
|examples of work done in the area.

this was more of an editorial comment to change "killer problems" into
"killer reservation problems" :).


|> - Section 3.4 and section 4.4
|> The issues of the reservation identifier and the refresh of the 
|> reservation state are common for the signalling protocols 
|RSVP, YESSIR
|> and Boomerang when considering mobility support. 
|> However in case of YESSIR and Boomerang the refresh of the 
|reservation
|> state is different than in RSVP as both YESSIR and Boomerang are
|> sender initiated, which means that there is no need to store 
|backward 
|> routing information.  I would suggest that in Section 3.4, 
|Section 4.4 
|> this is explained, instead of just referring to Section 2.5.
|
|True. The evaluation of all protocols is still in a very early stage, 
|especially regarding YESSIR, Boomerang, Insignia, ...
|
Well if you need input on these and others I would gladly help.
 
|> -Section 5.5
|> You focus on the signalling protocols and yet you have explained 
|> the ITSUMO framework. Is the idea here to include 
|framework/architectures 
|> as well?
|
|This was probably a mistake. Still, ITSUMO is an example of a 
|bandwidth 
|broker (off-path signalling?) scheme, so I thought it could be 
|there. On 
|the other hand, there is not much to evaluate from a protocol POV.
I agree with you. Although interesting I do not think ITSUMO framework 
fits in this draft.

Regards,
Vlora

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Hi Vlora,

> |Do you have any code for these where folks could test them out?  If
> |you have any simulation results, etc. it would be great to get info
> |on them.
> |
> 
> There is a prototype implementation in Linux of both protocols (RODA and RIMA) 
> and also a lot of simulation results (mainly on RODA). Some of the results on 
> the RODA as I mentioned are already presented in conference. The most recent
> ones are:
> 
> 1. Westberg, et. al., "Resource Management in Diffserv (RMD): 
> A Functionality
> and Performance Behavior Overview", PfHSN 2002 proceedings, Berlin.
> 
> 2. Czászár, et. al. "Severe Congestion Handling with Resource 
> Management On Demand ", Networking2002 proceedings, Pisa, Italy.
> 
> 3. Jacobsson, et.al. "Resource Management in Differentiated 
> Services: A Prototype Implementation". 7th IEEE SCC 2002 
> proceedings, Italy.

Any chance of weblinks for these, just to make my life easier.  Anyhow,
thanks for the references.

> And as we're continuously working on the protocols there hasn't been
> any release of the code yet. 

No problem. 

> |> -Section 5.5
> |> You focus on the signalling protocols and yet you have explained 
> |> the ITSUMO framework. Is the idea here to include 
> |> framework/architectures as well?
> |
> |I would hope we would not focus on framework or architectures 
> |as these are somewhat tangential to our purpose.
> Agreed. 

Good.

thanks for the comments,
John
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From: "Vlora Rexhepi (ELN)" <Vlora.Rexhepi@eln.ericsson.se>
To: "'john.loughney@nokia.com'" <john.loughney@nokia.com>
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-nsis-signalling-analysis-00.txt
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Hi John,

|Any chance of weblinks for these, just to make my life easier.  Anyhow,
|thanks for the references.
|
I'm afraid you'll have to check the proceedings as there
are no weblinks to full papers. 

Regards,
Vlora
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Hi, nsis members,

In this meeting, I brought a contribution.
I tried to introduce this contribution in the ccamp WG, I failed it.
I think this contribution is also related to your WG as well.
If you grant the presentation admission to me, of course, under the
assumption that there is a time-slot for me,
I will introduce this contribution in your WG.

My contribution is the draft-kim-ccamp-cc-protection-00.txt 
with the title of "Requirements of Control Channels Protection Protocol in
GMPLS".

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kim-ccamp-cc-protection-00.txt

Although I have not get a chance to introduce my contribution, I want to
discuss this item through the maling list.

I have sent this email to you after getting a advice from the nsis chair.

****************************************** 
Young Hwa Kim 
Senior Member, Network Technology Lab., ETRI 
Office No. : 82-42-860-5819 
Fax No. : 82-42-860-6342 
Mobile No. : 011-433-5819 
Email addr. : yhwkim@etri.re.kr 
****************************************** 

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charset=3Deuc-kr">
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5.5.2653.12">
<TITLE>To nsis members</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Hi, nsis members,</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>In this meeting, I brought a contribution.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>I tried to introduce this contribution in the ccamp =
WG, I failed it.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>I think this contribution is also related to your WG =
as well.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>If you grant the presentation admission to me, of =
course, under the assumption that there is a time-slot for me,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>I will introduce this contribution in your =
WG.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>My contribution is the =
draft-kim-ccamp-cc-protection-00.txt </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>with the title of &quot;Requirements of Control =
Channels Protection Protocol in GMPLS&quot;.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>A URL for this Internet-Draft is:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2><A =
HREF=3D"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kim-ccamp-cc-protectio=
n-00.txt" =
TARGET=3D"_blank">http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kim-ccamp-cc=
-protection-00.txt</A></FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Although I have not get a chance to introduce my =
contribution, I want to discuss this item through the maling =
list.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>I have sent this email to you after getting a advice =
from the nsis chair.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>****************************************** </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Young Hwa Kim </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Senior Member, Network Technology Lab., ETRI </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Office No. : 82-42-860-5819 </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Fax No. : 82-42-860-6342 </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Mobile No. : 011-433-5819 </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Email addr. : yhwkim@etri.re.kr </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>****************************************** </FONT>
</P>

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Subject: RE: [NSIS] To nsis members
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Hi,

> In this meeting, I brought a contribution. 
> I tried to introduce this contribution in the ccamp WG, I failed it. 
> I think this contribution is also related to your WG as well. 
> If you grant the presentation admission to me, of course, under the assumption 
> that there is a time-slot for me, I will introduce this contribution in your WG. 
> My contribution is the draft-kim-ccamp-cc-protection-00.txt 
> with the title of "Requirements of Control Channels Protection Protocol in GMPLS". 
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is: 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-kim-ccamp-cc-protection-00.txt 
> Although I have not get a chance to introduce my contribution, I want to discuss 
> this item through the maling list.  I have sent this email to you after getting a 
> advice from the nsis chair. 

As I have mentioned, we have no time in this meeting for any addtional 
presentations.  As this draft has had no discussion in the NSIS WG,
it would be inappropriate to discuss it during the IETF meeting.
However, if you feel it is of interest to this working working,
could you please explain why?  I have read the draft & I don't
see how it could be relevant to NSIS.

thanks,
John
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Subject: [NSIS] Offpath signaling discussion at the TSVWG Meeting (FW: [Tsvwg] IETF 55 TSVWG Agenda)
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Hi all,

There will be a discussion about off-of-path signaling on Tuesday.
If interested, I suggest you attend.

John

-----Original Message-----
From: ext Allison Mankin [mailto:mankin@psg.com]
Sent: 18 November, 2002 23:07
To: tsvwg@ietf.org
Cc: mankin@psg.com; sob@harvard.edu
Subject: [Tsvwg] IETF 55 TSVWG Agenda


Folks, 

Here is our special just-in-time TSVWG agenda! (originally sent
Sunday, but it didn't get out, it seems).

Tue Afternoon III (15:45-16:45) 

Transport Area Roundup - Scott and Allison - 30 mins

SACK/DSACK - Mark Allman - 15 mins
 Reading:
  draft-allman-tcp-sack-13.txt
  draft-blanton-dsack-use-02.txt 

Out-of-path signaling - 15 mins
  Towards a BOF in San Francisco, TBA

Tue Afternoon  IV (1700-1800)

TCP MIB extension - Matt Mathis - 15 mins
 Issues:
  Any major functional area uncovered?  Comment now!
 Reading:
  draft-ietf-tsvwg-tcp-mib-extension-02.txt

Eifel - 10 mins - Reiner Ludwig
  Issue:
   Publish as Experimental? 
  Reading:
   draft-ietf-tsvwg-tcp-eifel-response-01.txt

F-RTO - 10 mins - Pasi Sarolahti
   Reading:
    draft-sarolahti-tsvwg-tcp-frto-02.txt
 
Framing topics - Discussion by authors  - 25 mins
 Reading:
  draft-culley-iwarp-mpa-01.txt
  draft-williams-iwarp-ift-00.txt



- ------- End of Forwarded Message


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Hi all,

I have been continuously updating the webpage for NSIS WG meeting here at IETF55.  The page can be found here:

http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/index.htm

br,
John
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Hi all,

Here is the updated charter I presented at IETF55 today.  Please send comments.

John

Next Steps in Signaling (nsis) Charter

Chair(s):
J. Loughney <john.loughney@nokia.com>

Transport Area Director(s):
S. Bradner <sob@harvard.edu>
A. Mankin <mankin@isi.edu>

Transport Area Advisor:
A. Mankin <mankin@isi.edu>

Mailing Lists:
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Description of Working Group:

The Next Steps in Signaling Working Group is responsible for standardizing an IP signaling protocol with QoS signaling as the use case for NSIS.  This working group will concentrate on a two-layer signaling paradigm.  The intention is to re-use, where appropriate, the protocol mechanisms of RSVP, while at the same time simplifying it and applying a more general signaling model.  

The existing work on the requirements, the framework and analysis of existing protocols will be completed and used as input for the protocol work. 

NSIS will develop a transport layer signaling protocol for the transport of upper layer signaling. In order to support a tool box or building block approach, the two-layer model will be used to seperate the transport of the signaling from the application signaling.  This allows for a more general signaling protocol to be developed to support signaling for different services or resources, such as NAT & firewall traversal and QoS resources.  The initial NSIs application layer will be an optimzed RSVP signaling.  Potential for a second NSIS application layer, in order to ensure a generic transport signaling protocol, will be considered in consultation with the Transport Area directors.

Security is a very important concern for NSIS. The working group will study and analyze the threats and security requirements for signaling. Compatibility with authentication and authorization mechanisms such as those of Diameter, COPS-PR, and RSVP-PR auth-session, will be addressed.

It is a non-goal of the working group to develop new resource allocation protocols. Resource reservation and traffic engineering are out of scope of this working group.  Additionally, third party signaling is out of scope of this working group.  Mobility protocols and AAA work are out of scope of the working group. The work produced in this Working Group should work with existing IETF mobility and AAA protocols, including (but not limited to) Mobile IP, SeaMoby Context also welcomes participation and expression of requirements from non-IETF standards organization members, for instance 3GPP, 3GPP2 and ITU-T. 

Goals and Milestones:

JAN 03	Submit "Requirements for Signaling Protocols" to IESG for publication as Informational RFC
MAR 03	Submit "RSVP Security Properties" to IESG as Informational RFC
APR 03	Submit "NSIS Threats" to IESG as Informational RFC
JUN 03	Submit "Analysis of Existing Signaling Protocols" to IESG as Informational RFC
AUG 03	Submit "Next Steps in Signaling: Framework" to IESG for publication as Informational RFC
MAR 04	Submit "NSIS Transport Protocol" to IESG for publication for Proposed Standard
MAR 04	Submit "NSIS QoS Application Protocol" to IESG for publication for Proposed Standard
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So I'm somewhat confused about the earlier
exchange today about whether signaling to alter
the route packets take is in or out of scope, but
if it's in, it seems really odd to leave such a
large deliverable out of the charter. As in, I'd
imagine that a lot of the routing area folks would
probably be highly interested in such a thing, and
it wouldn't be very obvious that it was happening
here.

		Mike

john.loughney@nokia.com writes:
 > Hi all,
 > 
 > Here is the updated charter I presented at IETF55 today.  Please send comments.
 > 
 > John
 > 
 > Next Steps in Signaling (nsis) Charter
 > 
 > Chair(s):
 > J. Loughney <john.loughney@nokia.com>
 > 
 > Transport Area Director(s):
 > S. Bradner <sob@harvard.edu>
 > A. Mankin <mankin@isi.edu>
 > 
 > Transport Area Advisor:
 > A. Mankin <mankin@isi.edu>
 > 
 > Mailing Lists:
 > General Discussion: nsis@ietf.org
 > To Subscribe: nsis-request@ietf.org
 > In Body: (un)subscribe
 > Archive: www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/nsis/current/maillist.html
 > 
 > Description of Working Group:
 > 
 > The Next Steps in Signaling Working Group is responsible for standardizing an IP signaling protocol with QoS signaling as the use case for NSIS.  This working group will concentrate on a two-layer signaling paradigm.  The intention is to re-use, where appropriate, the protocol mechanisms of RSVP, while at the same time simplifying it and applying a more general signaling model.  
 > 
 > The existing work on the requirements, the framework and analysis of existing protocols will be completed and used as input for the protocol work. 
 > 
 > NSIS will develop a transport layer signaling protocol for the transport of upper layer signaling. In order to support a tool box or building block approach, the two-layer model will be used to seperate the transport of the signaling from the application signaling.  This allows for a more general signaling protocol to be developed to support signaling for different services or resources, such as NAT & firewall traversal and QoS resources.  The initial NSIs application layer will be an optimzed RSVP signaling.  Potential for a second NSIS application layer, in order to ensure a generic transport signaling protocol, will be considered in consultation with the Transport Area directors.
 > 
 > Security is a very important concern for NSIS. The working group will study and analyze the threats and security requirements for signaling. Compatibility with authentication and authorization mechanisms such as those of Diameter, COPS-PR, and RSVP-PR auth-session, will be addressed.
 > 
 > It is a non-goal of the working group to develop new resource allocation protocols. Resource reservation and traffic engineering are out of scope of this working group.  Additionally, third party signaling is out of scope of this working group.  Mobility protocols and AAA work are out of scope of the working group. The work produced in this Working Group should work with existing IETF mobility and AAA protocols, including (but not limited to) Mobile IP, SeaMoby Context also welcomes participation and expression of requirements from non-IETF standards organization members, for instance 3GPP, 3GPP2 and ITU-T. 
 > 
 > Goals and Milestones:
 > 
 > JAN 03	Submit "Requirements for Signaling Protocols" to IESG for publication as Informational RFC
 > MAR 03	Submit "RSVP Security Properties" to IESG as Informational RFC
 > APR 03	Submit "NSIS Threats" to IESG as Informational RFC
 > JUN 03	Submit "Analysis of Existing Signaling Protocols" to IESG as Informational RFC
 > AUG 03	Submit "Next Steps in Signaling: Framework" to IESG for publication as Informational RFC
 > MAR 04	Submit "NSIS Transport Protocol" to IESG for publication for Proposed Standard
 > MAR 04	Submit "NSIS QoS Application Protocol" to IESG for publication for Proposed Standard
 > _______________________________________________
 > nsis mailing list
 > nsis@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated Charter
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Hi Michael,

> So I'm somewhat confused about the earlier
> exchange today about whether signaling to alter
> the route packets take is in or out of scope, but
> if it's in, it seems really odd to leave such a
> large deliverable out of the charter. As in, I'd
> imagine that a lot of the routing area folks would
> probably be highly interested in such a thing, and
> it wouldn't be very obvious that it was happening
> here.

So, <chair hat off> I would prefer not to affect routing - any more
than what RSVP currently does.  I'm not a routing expert, so I worry 
that this would be a big can of worms.  However, what does the WG think 
about this?  Do you have an opinion on what would be the right thing to
do Mike?

thanks,
John
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I don't know about others, but the thought of
having signaling alter forwarding decisions seems
fairly scary. Treatment within the same queue
seems fairly well understood, but having something
outside of the well established routing protocols
diddle with FIB's... well, let's say that the
current crop of routing protocols were ironed
out with much blood and sweat, and on a network
long long ago, in a galaxy far far away.

john.loughney@nokia.com writes:
 > Hi Michael,
 > 
 > > So I'm somewhat confused about the earlier
 > > exchange today about whether signaling to alter
 > > the route packets take is in or out of scope, but
 > > if it's in, it seems really odd to leave such a
 > > large deliverable out of the charter. As in, I'd
 > > imagine that a lot of the routing area folks would
 > > probably be highly interested in such a thing, and
 > > it wouldn't be very obvious that it was happening
 > > here.
 > 
 > So, <chair hat off> I would prefer not to affect routing - any more
 > than what RSVP currently does.  I'm not a routing expert, so I worry 
 > that this would be a big can of worms.  However, what does the WG think 
 > about this?  Do you have an opinion on what would be the right thing to
 > do Mike?
 > 
 > thanks,
 > John
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To: Michael Thomas <mat@cisco.com>, john.loughney@nokia.com
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated Charter
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Hi all,

I hope that the terminology discussion has not sown more confusion (assuming that's what is being referred to).

My understanding/opinion is the following:
1. there is no proposal anywhere on the table to have NSIS w.g. develop something which alters the routes that packets takes (either by distributing routes, fiddling with FIBs, or anything else).
2. it is certainly the case that the NTLP could never do this: it is simply responsible for moving signalling packets around, and in many (most?) cases will simply use normal IP routing to do this. (see also http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/nsis/current/msg02178.html.)
3. we can't rule out someone designing an NSLP some day which carries routing information, although doing this in a general sense seems not meaningful to me in the context of path-coupled signalling - how do you signal to set up a path in a path coupled way? (see also http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/nsis/current/msg01903.html.)

The reason for the terminology point being raised is that operation of the NTLP/NSLPs may be severely affected by the existence of 'policy forwarding' especially in NSIS-unaware (oops! invalid terminology) parts of the network. So, we wanted the term 'policy forwarding' as an unambiguous shorthand for the circumstances we are worried about.

Hope this helps,

Cheers,

Robert H.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Michael Thomas [mailto:mat@cisco.com]
> Sent: 19 November 2002 17:31
> To: john.loughney@nokia.com
> Cc: mat@cisco.com; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated Charter
> 
> 
> 
> I don't know about others, but the thought of
> having signaling alter forwarding decisions seems
> fairly scary. Treatment within the same queue
> seems fairly well understood, but having something
> outside of the well established routing protocols
> diddle with FIB's... well, let's say that the
> current crop of routing protocols were ironed
> out with much blood and sweat, and on a network
> long long ago, in a galaxy far far away.
> 
> john.loughney@nokia.com writes:
>  > Hi Michael,
>  > 
>  > > So I'm somewhat confused about the earlier
>  > > exchange today about whether signaling to alter
>  > > the route packets take is in or out of scope, but
>  > > if it's in, it seems really odd to leave such a
>  > > large deliverable out of the charter. As in, I'd
>  > > imagine that a lot of the routing area folks would
>  > > probably be highly interested in such a thing, and
>  > > it wouldn't be very obvious that it was happening
>  > > here.
>  > 
>  > So, <chair hat off> I would prefer not to affect routing - any more
>  > than what RSVP currently does.  I'm not a routing expert, 
> so I worry 
>  > that this would be a big can of worms.  However, what does 
> the WG think 
>  > about this?  Do you have an opinion on what would be the 
> right thing to
>  > do Mike?
>  > 
>  > thanks,
>  > John
> _______________________________________________
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> nsis@ietf.org
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Tue Nov 19 21:52:56 2002
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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
To: john.loughney@nokia.com, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated Charter
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John,

A couple of comments related to non-routing issues:

1. I'll record my comment in the meeting that defining QoS classes, parameters, service types, pre-emption capability, you name it, should be a non-goal (I don't know if it needs to be explicit).

2. I note that an NSLP for a midcom application is not a charter goal initially (and even in the future might be an activity for another w.g. anyway). However, I'd still like to capture the relevance of a midcom-like application as a user (of the NTLP). In particular, we should be clear that discussion of it (and indeed other applications, like network path monitoring as mentioned at the meeting) is 'in scope' for the overall work, e.g. of the framework and security documents. (Again, I don't know if this needs to be explicit.)

cheers,

robert h.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
> Sent: 19 November 2002 14:43
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: [NSIS] Updated Charter
> 
> 
> Hi all,
> 
> Here is the updated charter I presented at IETF55 today.  
> Please send comments.
> 
> John
> 
> Next Steps in Signaling (nsis) Charter
> 
> Chair(s):
> J. Loughney <john.loughney@nokia.com>
> 
> Transport Area Director(s):
> S. Bradner <sob@harvard.edu>
> A. Mankin <mankin@isi.edu>
> 
> Transport Area Advisor:
> A. Mankin <mankin@isi.edu>
> 
> Mailing Lists:
> General Discussion: nsis@ietf.org
> To Subscribe: nsis-request@ietf.org
> In Body: (un)subscribe
> Archive: 
> www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/nsis/current/maillist.html
> 
> Description of Working Group:
> 
> The Next Steps in Signaling Working Group is responsible for 
> standardizing an IP signaling protocol with QoS signaling as 
> the use case for NSIS.  This working group will concentrate 
> on a two-layer signaling paradigm.  The intention is to 
> re-use, where appropriate, the protocol mechanisms of RSVP, 
> while at the same time simplifying it and applying a more 
> general signaling model.  
> 
> The existing work on the requirements, the framework and 
> analysis of existing protocols will be completed and used as 
> input for the protocol work. 
> 
> NSIS will develop a transport layer signaling protocol for 
> the transport of upper layer signaling. In order to support a 
> tool box or building block approach, the two-layer model will 
> be used to seperate the transport of the signaling from the 
> application signaling.  This allows for a more general 
> signaling protocol to be developed to support signaling for 
> different services or resources, such as NAT & firewall 
> traversal and QoS resources.  The initial NSIs application 
> layer will be an optimzed RSVP signaling.  Potential for a 
> second NSIS application layer, in order to ensure a generic 
> transport signaling protocol, will be considered in 
> consultation with the Transport Area directors.
> 
> Security is a very important concern for NSIS. The working 
> group will study and analyze the threats and security 
> requirements for signaling. Compatibility with authentication 
> and authorization mechanisms such as those of Diameter, 
> COPS-PR, and RSVP-PR auth-session, will be addressed.
> 
> It is a non-goal of the working group to develop new resource 
> allocation protocols. Resource reservation and traffic 
> engineering are out of scope of this working group.  
> Additionally, third party signaling is out of scope of this 
> working group.  Mobility protocols and AAA work are out of 
> scope of the working group. The work produced in this Working 
> Group should work with existing IETF mobility and AAA 
> protocols, including (but not limited to) Mobile IP, SeaMoby 
> Context also welcomes participation and expression of 
> requirements from non-IETF standards organization members, 
> for instance 3GPP, 3GPP2 and ITU-T. 
> 
> Goals and Milestones:
> 
> JAN 03	Submit "Requirements for Signaling Protocols" 
> to IESG for publication as Informational RFC
> MAR 03	Submit "RSVP Security Properties" to IESG as 
> Informational RFC
> APR 03	Submit "NSIS Threats" to IESG as Informational RFC
> JUN 03	Submit "Analysis of Existing Signaling 
> Protocols" to IESG as Informational RFC
> AUG 03	Submit "Next Steps in Signaling: Framework" to 
> IESG for publication as Informational RFC
> MAR 04	Submit "NSIS Transport Protocol" to IESG for 
> publication for Proposed Standard
> MAR 04	Submit "NSIS QoS Application Protocol" to IESG 
> for publication for Proposed Standard
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> 
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Hi Robert,

> 1. I'll record my comment in the meeting that defining QoS 
> classes, parameters, service types, pre-emption capability, 
> you name it, should be a non-goal (I don't know if it needs 
> to be explicit).

OK.
 
> 2. I note that an NSLP for a midcom application is not a 
> charter goal initially (and even in the future might be an 
> activity for another w.g. anyway). However, I'd still like to 
> capture the relevance of a midcom-like application as a user 
> (of the NTLP). In particular, we should be clear that 
> discussion of it (and indeed other applications, like network 
> path monitoring as mentioned at the meeting) is 'in scope' 
> for the overall work, e.g. of the framework and security 
> documents. (Again, I don't know if this needs to be explicit.)

Actually, it is not in the charter yet because I did not get 
feedback from the ADs on this point.  I think what we should
do is indicate in the charter that there is a desire to have
an additional user of the NTLP & then we can discuss what
it should be on the list.

John
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Hi Mike,

> I don't know about others, but the thought of
> having signaling alter forwarding decisions seems
> fairly scary. 

I agree completely.

> Treatment within the same queue
> seems fairly well understood, but having something
> outside of the well established routing protocols
> diddle with FIB's... well, let's say that the
> current crop of routing protocols were ironed
> out with much blood and sweat, and on a network
> long long ago, in a galaxy far far away.

Routing protocols should do routing.  Transport
protocols should transport.  

John
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Except that I'd use policy-based forwarding, since you're not forwarding 
the policy....

, although doing this in a general sense seems not meaningful to me in 
the context of path-coupled signalling - how do you signal to set up a 
path in a path coupled way? (see also 
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/nsis/current/msg01903.html.)
> 
> The reason for the terminology point being raised is that operation of the NTLP/NSLPs may be severely affected by the existence of 'policy forwarding' especially in NSIS-unaware (oops! invalid terminology) parts of the network. So, we wanted the term 'policy forwarding' as an unambiguous shorthand for the circumstances we are worried about.
> 
> Hope this helps,

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Hi,

coming back to John's statement at the meeting that he likes
short documents:
I got the impression that the framework document currently
contains a lot of solution-oriented stuff that would rather belong
to a protocol design (discussion) document. Having two separate
layers is a design decision to me that has its advantages,
but now there are issues in the framework coming up like
"which functions belong to which layer?". Doesn't this rather
belong to a protocol design document? In my understanding,
the main WG documents would cover:
- analysis of existing signaling protocols
  -> why we might need a new signaling protocol, shortcomings
  and lessons learned
- requirements -> functions and features that a signaling protocol should
  possess (mainly derived from various scenarios/use cases)
- framework -> general interaction models and possible applications
  of the protocol in different environments.

So the currently discussed options for the structure of a protocol may be
derived from the framework, requirements and analysis documents, but
should be kept/discussed IMHO in a separate protocol design document.

Cheers,
 Roland


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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
To: Roland Bless <bless@tm.uka.de>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] scope of framework document
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hi all,

having spent some time worrying about what should go in this document, i also have some views on the issue. the main concern i have with the discussion below is in the parts that go '...the protocol...'. there isn't such a thing, there is (unless I have got very confused) an assumption of a general purpose transport protocol with a set of signalling application protocols above it.

if the 'top-level' framework document simply discusses how the NSIS protocols ***as a group*** might interact with the rest of the world and do interesting things, i don't see how that really advances our work. in particular, there is no obvious point at which to stop thinking of and describing new signalling applications which could have clever and complex interactions with the outside world. also, we are basically stumped at the moment on the security issues because it's impossible to make progress without having a more concrete structure to analyse, so we need to start breaking up the problem to make progress here.

i would much rather trim the framework (if it needs trimming) from the top: i.e. work out the approximate layer split (which would actually be progress) and then move the signalling application specific aspects into a separate document. in particular, in such a separate document, we could relax from pretending we weren't talking about QoS when we really were.

the other way to trim the document is to make progress on some of the open issues, in which case we could segregate some of the discussion and option analysis. (hint.)

cheers,

robert h.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Roland Bless [mailto:bless@tm.uka.de]
> Sent: 20 November 2002 17:29
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: [NSIS] scope of framework document
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> coming back to John's statement at the meeting that he likes
> short documents:
> I got the impression that the framework document currently
> contains a lot of solution-oriented stuff that would rather belong
> to a protocol design (discussion) document. Having two separate
> layers is a design decision to me that has its advantages,
> but now there are issues in the framework coming up like
> "which functions belong to which layer?". Doesn't this rather
> belong to a protocol design document? In my understanding,
> the main WG documents would cover:
> - analysis of existing signaling protocols
>   -> why we might need a new signaling protocol, shortcomings
>   and lessons learned
> - requirements -> functions and features that a signaling 
> protocol should
>   possess (mainly derived from various scenarios/use cases)
> - framework -> general interaction models and possible applications
>   of the protocol in different environments.
> 
> So the currently discussed options for the structure of a 
> protocol may be
> derived from the framework, requirements and analysis documents, but
> should be kept/discussed IMHO in a separate protocol design document.
> 
> Cheers,
>  Roland
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> 
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Robert,

Can I make a general suggestion that terminology
which describes things that the wg isn't going to
address be elided? It's fairly easy to misconstrue
aims when time has gone into defining something
that could conceivably be worked on but that isn't
charter.

Or alternatively, you can tell me to pay more
attention.

		Mike

Hancock, Robert writes:
 > Hi all,
 > 
 > I hope that the terminology discussion has not sown more confusion (assuming that's what is being referred to).
 > 
 > My understanding/opinion is the following:
 > 1. there is no proposal anywhere on the table to have NSIS w.g. develop something which alters the routes that packets takes (either by distributing routes, fiddling with FIBs, or anything else).
 > 2. it is certainly the case that the NTLP could never do this: it is simply responsible for moving signalling packets around, and in many (most?) cases will simply use normal IP routing to do this. (see also http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/nsis/current/msg02178.html.)
 > 3. we can't rule out someone designing an NSLP some day which carries routing information, although doing this in a general sense seems not meaningful to me in the context of path-coupled signalling - how do you signal to set up a path in a path coupled way? (see also http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/nsis/current/msg01903.html.)
 > 
 > The reason for the terminology point being raised is that operation of the NTLP/NSLPs may be severely affected by the existence of 'policy forwarding' especially in NSIS-unaware (oops! invalid terminology) parts of the network. So, we wanted the term 'policy forwarding' as an unambiguous shorthand for the circumstances we are worried about.
 > 
 > Hope this helps,
 > 
 > Cheers,
 > 
 > Robert H.
 > 
 > > -----Original Message-----
 > > From: Michael Thomas [mailto:mat@cisco.com]
 > > Sent: 19 November 2002 17:31
 > > To: john.loughney@nokia.com
 > > Cc: mat@cisco.com; nsis@ietf.org
 > > Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated Charter
 > > 
 > > 
 > > 
 > > I don't know about others, but the thought of
 > > having signaling alter forwarding decisions seems
 > > fairly scary. Treatment within the same queue
 > > seems fairly well understood, but having something
 > > outside of the well established routing protocols
 > > diddle with FIB's... well, let's say that the
 > > current crop of routing protocols were ironed
 > > out with much blood and sweat, and on a network
 > > long long ago, in a galaxy far far away.
 > > 
 > > john.loughney@nokia.com writes:
 > >  > Hi Michael,
 > >  > 
 > >  > > So I'm somewhat confused about the earlier
 > >  > > exchange today about whether signaling to alter
 > >  > > the route packets take is in or out of scope, but
 > >  > > if it's in, it seems really odd to leave such a
 > >  > > large deliverable out of the charter. As in, I'd
 > >  > > imagine that a lot of the routing area folks would
 > >  > > probably be highly interested in such a thing, and
 > >  > > it wouldn't be very obvious that it was happening
 > >  > > here.
 > >  > 
 > >  > So, <chair hat off> I would prefer not to affect routing - any more
 > >  > than what RSVP currently does.  I'm not a routing expert, 
 > > so I worry 
 > >  > that this would be a big can of worms.  However, what does 
 > > the WG think 
 > >  > about this?  Do you have an opinion on what would be the 
 > > right thing to
 > >  > do Mike?
 > >  > 
 > >  > thanks,
 > >  > John
 > > _______________________________________________
 > > nsis mailing list
 > > nsis@ietf.org
 > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
 > > 
 > Registered Office: Roke Manor Research Ltd, Siemens House, Oldbury, Bracknell, 
 > Berkshire. RG12 8FZ
 > 
 > The information contained in this e-mail and any attachments is confidential to Roke 
 > Manor Research Ltd and must not be passed to any third party without permission. This 
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  *> 
  *> John,
  *> 
  *> A couple of comments related to non-routing issues:
  *> 
  *> 1. I'll record my comment in the meeting that defining QoS classes, parameters, service types, pre-emption capability, you name it, should be a non-goal (I don't know if it needs to be explicit).
  *> 
  *> 2. I note that an NSLP for a midcom application is not a charter goal initially (and even in the future might be an activity for another w.g. anyway). However, I'd still like to capture the relevance of a midcom-like application as a user (of the NTLP). In particular, we should be clear that discussion of it (and indeed other applications, like network path monitoring as mentioned at the meeting) is 'in scope' for the overall work, e.g. of the framework and security documents. (Again, I don't know if this needs to be explicit.)
  *> 
  *> cheers,
  *> 
  *> robert h.
  *> 

I agree with both points.

Bob Braden
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  *> 
  *> Routing protocols should do routing.  Transport
  *> protocols should transport.  
  *> 

And "signaling protocols should do signaling"? ;-)

Although I do (continue to) agree that separating routing from
signaling is the better modularity, the issues of QoS routing and
route-pinning are real and hard, and hence the interface between
them is important.

Bob Braden

  *> John
  *> _______________________________________________
  *> nsis mailing list
  *> nsis@ietf.org
  *> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  *> 
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  *> belong to a protocol design document? In my understanding,
  *> the main WG documents would cover:
  *> - analysis of existing signaling protocols
  *>   -> why we might need a new signaling protocol, shortcomings
  *>   and lessons learned
  *> - requirements -> functions and features that a signaling protocol should
  *>   possess (mainly derived from various scenarios/use cases)
  *> - framework -> general interaction models and possible applications
  *>   of the protocol in different environments.
  *> 

Hmmm. Cries of "rough consensus and running code" were heard in the land.
We should be sure that "top down" does not become "top heavy".

Bob Braden

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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
To: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated Charter
Date: Thu, 21 Nov 2002 20:20:19 -0000
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Hi Mike,

Summary:
1. the wg isn't going to work on techniques for doing foo, but
2. the wg has a choice between:
 a. considering that foo happens anyway and we need to be able to work around it, or
 b. deciding that foo is not a problem in the environments the signalling will be used in.

Do we need terminology for foo?
But more importantly, what is your opinion between 2a and 2b?

Robert 

PS for those joining the conversation late, "foo" = policy-based forwarding leading to signalling/data path divergence.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Michael Thomas [mailto:mat@cisco.com]
> Sent: 21 November 2002 13:41
> To: Hancock, Robert
> Cc: Michael Thomas; john.loughney@nokia.com; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated Charter
> 
> 
> 
> Robert,
> 
> Can I make a general suggestion that terminology
> which describes things that the wg isn't going to
> address be elided? It's fairly easy to misconstrue
> aims when time has gone into defining something
> that could conceivably be worked on but that isn't
> charter.
> 
> Or alternatively, you can tell me to pay more
> attention.
> 
> 		Mike
> 
> Hancock, Robert writes:
>  > Hi all,
>  > 
>  > I hope that the terminology discussion has not sown more 
> confusion (assuming that's what is being referred to).
>  > 
>  > My understanding/opinion is the following:
>  > 1. there is no proposal anywhere on the table to have NSIS 
> w.g. develop something which alters the routes that packets 
> takes (either by distributing routes, fiddling with FIBs, or 
> anything else).
>  > 2. it is certainly the case that the NTLP could never do 
> this: it is simply responsible for moving signalling packets 
> around, and in many (most?) cases will simply use normal IP 
> routing to do this. (see also 
> http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/nsis/current/m
> sg02178.html.)
>  > 3. we can't rule out someone designing an NSLP some day 
> which carries routing information, although doing this in a 
> general sense seems not meaningful to me in the context of 
> path-coupled signalling - how do you signal to set up a path 
> in a path coupled way? (see also 
> http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/working-groups/nsis/current/m
> sg01903.html.)
>  > 
>  > The reason for the terminology point being raised is that 
> operation of the NTLP/NSLPs may be severely affected by the 
> existence of 'policy forwarding' especially in NSIS-unaware 
> (oops! invalid terminology) parts of the network. So, we 
> wanted the term 'policy forwarding' as an unambiguous 
> shorthand for the circumstances we are worried about.
>  > 
>  > Hope this helps,
>  > 
>  > Cheers,
>  > 
>  > Robert H.
>  > 
>  > > -----Original Message-----
>  > > From: Michael Thomas [mailto:mat@cisco.com]
>  > > Sent: 19 November 2002 17:31
>  > > To: john.loughney@nokia.com
>  > > Cc: mat@cisco.com; nsis@ietf.org
>  > > Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated Charter
>  > > 
>  > > 
>  > > 
>  > > I don't know about others, but the thought of
>  > > having signaling alter forwarding decisions seems
>  > > fairly scary. Treatment within the same queue
>  > > seems fairly well understood, but having something
>  > > outside of the well established routing protocols
>  > > diddle with FIB's... well, let's say that the
>  > > current crop of routing protocols were ironed
>  > > out with much blood and sweat, and on a network
>  > > long long ago, in a galaxy far far away.
>  > > 
>  > > john.loughney@nokia.com writes:
>  > >  > Hi Michael,
>  > >  > 
>  > >  > > So I'm somewhat confused about the earlier
>  > >  > > exchange today about whether signaling to alter
>  > >  > > the route packets take is in or out of scope, but
>  > >  > > if it's in, it seems really odd to leave such a
>  > >  > > large deliverable out of the charter. As in, I'd
>  > >  > > imagine that a lot of the routing area folks would
>  > >  > > probably be highly interested in such a thing, and
>  > >  > > it wouldn't be very obvious that it was happening
>  > >  > > here.
>  > >  > 
>  > >  > So, <chair hat off> I would prefer not to affect 
> routing - any more
>  > >  > than what RSVP currently does.  I'm not a routing expert, 
>  > > so I worry 
>  > >  > that this would be a big can of worms.  However, what does 
>  > > the WG think 
>  > >  > about this?  Do you have an opinion on what would be the 
>  > > right thing to
>  > >  > do Mike?
>  > >  > 
>  > >  > thanks,
>  > >  > John
>  > > _______________________________________________
>  > > nsis mailing list
>  > > nsis@ietf.org
>  > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
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Bob,

fully agreed. I was just proposing to trim the framework document
a bit and to possibly put some stuff into a separate document, not to
stop working towards a protocol.  The given list just
coarsely summarized what the documents contain (see
abstracts).

> *> belong to a protocol design document? In my understanding,
>  *> the main WG documents would cover:
>  *> - analysis of existing signaling protocols
>  *>   -> why we might need a new signaling protocol, shortcomings
>  *>   and lessons learned
>  *> - requirements -> functions and features that a signaling protocol should
>  *>   possess (mainly derived from various scenarios/use cases)
>  *> - framework -> general interaction models and possible applications
>  *>   of the protocol in different environments.
>  *> 
>
>Hmmm. Cries of "rough consensus and running code" were heard in the land.
>We should be sure that "top down" does not become "top heavy".
>
Regards,
 Roland

>  
>

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Hi Bob,

>   *> Routing protocols should do routing.  Transport
>   *> protocols should transport.  
>   *> 
> 
> And "signaling protocols should do signaling"? ;-)

Exactly!
 
> Although I do (continue to) agree that separating routing from
> signaling is the better modularity, the issues of QoS routing and
> route-pinning are real and hard, and hence the interface between
> them is important.

Yes, the transport layer should be aware of some of these issues, 
but we should be careful that we don't create an overlay network
which we are routing the signaling messages on.  If we do, then
we can very easily have divergence of the signaling path from
the data path.

best regards,
John
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John,

  *> Yes, the transport layer should be aware of some of these issues, 
  *> but we should be careful that we don't create an overlay network
  *> which we are routing the signaling messages on.  If we do, then
  *> we can very easily have divergence of the signaling path from
  *> the data path.

(... among other evils)

Mind you, maybe the Routing area should investigate whether there is
room in the global routing architecture for some form of local fixups
using some form of signaling.  I am not a routing expert so this is
only a wild idea.  But that would surely have to be founded on a firm
base of research in the routing area, and it must be totally out of
scope for NSIS.

Bob

  *> 
  *> best regards,
  *> John
  *> 
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RE: policy-based forwarding.

To make path-coupled signaling work, you have to ensure that the
downstream signaling messages follow EXACTLY the path of the data,
whatever that takes.  If you are doing simple, standard IP forwarding
based on destination address, it just works is the signaling messages
carry the destination address of the data (as in RSVP Path messages).
If you do something fancier for routing, like source routing or load
balancing or policy-based routing, you have to do whatever it takes to
make the signaling messages follow the same path.

To the extent that forwarding depends only upon packet header fields
that can be made identical between the data packets and the signaling
packets, it will just work.  If the node is ISPS-capable, you just have
to ensure that the NF entity knows how to do the right thing in
forwarding the signaling packet.  For compatible operation through
non-ISPS-capable nodes, there will be combinations that just won't
work.  Your choices then are to (1) partially give up on path-coupled
signaling, or (2) stop doing whatever funny routing is being done for
those packets relevant to signaling, or (3) make all of your nodes
ISPS-capable.

Bob Braden
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In case this refers to my presentation on transport protocols: The use 
of transport protocols provably has no bearing on divergence. It neither 
increases it nor decreases it, assuming that discovery of next nodes is 
done at the same rate or using the same information (such as "triggered 
updates" based on local routing tables). I suspect we have a somewhat 
different model on how this might work, leading to different conclusions.

>
> Yes, the transport layer should be aware of some of these issues,
> but we should be careful that we don't create an overlay network
> which we are routing the signaling messages on.  If we do, then
> we can very easily have divergence of the signaling path from
> the data path.
>
> best regards,
> John
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis


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Hi all,
I think the Next Peer issue highlighted in the RSVP Security Properties
slide
(http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt) 
can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object) in the RSVP-PATH
message. 
Of course the intervening network needs to understand ERO.

-Kuntal

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charset=3Dus-ascii">
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<TITLE>next peer issue in rsvp-sec</TITLE>
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<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Hi all,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>I think the Next Peer issue highlighted in the RSVP =
Security Properties slide</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>(<A =
HREF=3D"http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Propertie=
s.ppt" =
TARGET=3D"_blank">http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security=
-Properties.ppt</A>) </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE =
object) in the RSVP-PATH message. </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Of course the intervening network needs to =
understand ERO.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>-Kuntal</FONT>
</P>

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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
To: Kuntal Chowdhury <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
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Hi,
 
I don't believe that the ERO is relevant here. The issue isn't that the messages get sent to the wrong next peer (which the ERO would fix, albeit in a somewhat overweight way), it's that they are sent to the right next peer, but with the wrong security association, because the source didn't know the next peer had changed. So this is essentially an issue of how to discover and react to route changes. (At least I think so.)
 
Cheers,
 
Robert H.

-----Original Message-----
From: Kuntal Chowdhury [mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com]
Sent: 26 November 2002 17:55
To: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec



Hi all, 
I think the Next Peer issue highlighted in the RSVP Security Properties slide 
( http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt <http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt> ) 
can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object) in the RSVP-PATH message. 
Of course the intervening network needs to understand ERO. 

-Kuntal 


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<HTML><HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<TITLE>next peer issue in rsvp-sec</TITLE>

<META content=3D"MSHTML 5.50.4616.200" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2>Hi,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>I=20
don't believe that the ERO is relevant here. The issue isn't that the =
messages=20
get sent to the wrong next peer (which the ERO would fix, albeit in=20
a&nbsp;somewhat overweight&nbsp;way), it's that they are sent to the =
right next=20
peer, but with the wrong security association, because the source =
didn't know=20
the next peer had changed. So this is essentially an issue of how to =
discover=20
and react to route changes. (At least I think so.)</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2>Cheers,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Robert=20
H.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><FONT =
face=3DTahoma=20
  size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> Kuntal Chowdhury=20
  [mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com]<BR><B>Sent:</B> 26 November 2002 =

  17:55<BR><B>To:</B> nsis@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> [NSIS] next peer =
issue in=20
  rsvp-sec<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <P><FONT size=3D2>Hi all,</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>I think the Next =
Peer issue=20
  highlighted in the RSVP Security Properties slide</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>(<A=20
  target=3D_blank=20
  =
href=3D"http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Propertie=
s.ppt">http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties=
.ppt</A>)=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>can be solved by adding an ERO =
(EXPLICIT_ROUTE object)=20
  in the RSVP-PATH message. </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>Of course the =
intervening=20
  network needs to understand ERO.</FONT> </P>
  <P><FONT size=3D2>-Kuntal</FONT> </P></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
To: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
Cc: Kuntal Chowdhury <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>, nsis@ietf.org
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Hi Robert, Kuntal, all,

I interpreted the ERO comment as follows: The fact that the security
association is now wrong results from the route change. The ERO is a way to
pin the route to what it originally was and thus prevents the route change.
This means that the security association will be the correct one. What do
you think?

Cheers,
Sven.





"Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>@ietf.org on 27/11/2002
00:50:26

Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org


To:   Kuntal Chowdhury <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>, nsis@ietf.org
cc:
Subject:  RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec



Hi,

I  don't believe that the ERO is relevant here. The issue isn't that the
messages  get sent to the wrong next peer (which the ERO would fix, albeit
in  a somewhat overweight way), it's that they are sent to the right next
peer, but with the wrong security association, because the source didn't
know  the next peer had changed. So this is essentially an issue of how to
discover  and react to route changes. (At least I think so.)

Cheers,

Robert  H.
-----Original Message-----
From: Kuntal Chowdhury  [mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com]
Sent: 26 November 2002  17:55
To: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: [NSIS] next peer issue in  rsvp-sec



Hi all,
I think the Next Peer issue  highlighted in the RSVP Security Properties
slide
(http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt)
can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object)  in the RSVP-PATH
message.
Of course the intervening  network needs to understand ERO.

-Kuntal




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I thought ERO was invented for traffic engineering. Why is it relevant 
to security?

This entire RSVP security thread sounds fishy to me. RSVP is no 
different than IGP, where control messages are passed hop-by-hop. If 
people are happy with how routing protocols are handling with their 
security issues (MD5 and what not), then RSVP should just adapt the same 
mechanism. I know some people are not happy with routing security in the 
first place, then maybe this entire protocol security issue should be 
considered else where.

Finally, I am just curious about where this NSIS protocol would get 
deployed to have this security problem. In the backbone, RSVP-TE seems 
to be fine as it is. I wonder if this is designed for mobile users.

Thanks!

- Ping


sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be wrote:
> Hi Robert, Kuntal, all,
> 
> I interpreted the ERO comment as follows: The fact that the security
> association is now wrong results from the route change. The ERO is a way to
> pin the route to what it originally was and thus prevents the route change.
> This means that the security association will be the correct one. What do
> you think?
> 
> Cheers,
> Sven.
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>@ietf.org on 27/11/2002
> 00:50:26
> 
> Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org
> 
> 
> To:   Kuntal Chowdhury <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>, nsis@ietf.org
> cc:
> Subject:  RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
> 
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I  don't believe that the ERO is relevant here. The issue isn't that the
> messages  get sent to the wrong next peer (which the ERO would fix, albeit
> in  a somewhat overweight way), it's that they are sent to the right next
> peer, but with the wrong security association, because the source didn't
> know  the next peer had changed. So this is essentially an issue of how to
> discover  and react to route changes. (At least I think so.)
> 
> Cheers,
> 
> Robert  H.
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Kuntal Chowdhury  [mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com]
> Sent: 26 November 2002  17:55
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: [NSIS] next peer issue in  rsvp-sec
> 
> 
> 
> Hi all,
> I think the Next Peer issue  highlighted in the RSVP Security Properties
> slide
> (http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt)
> can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object)  in the RSVP-PATH
> message.
> Of course the intervening  network needs to understand ERO.
> 
> -Kuntal
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis


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Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2002 03:05:37 -0800 (PST)
To: Ping Pan <pingpan@cs.columbia.edu>
Cc: sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be,
        "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>,
        Kuntal Chowdhury
 <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
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In fact, RSVP has two different authentication
needs: hop-by-hop which is fairly analogous to the
IGP problem and the more abstract e2e/e2m/m2m kind
of problem which RFC 2752 talks about. This
problem is both a) harder and b) not unique to
RSVP (SIP and any other proxiable protocol usually
run into the same problem).

What I keep wondering about is whether an app
layer auth/encryption abstraction would be useful
for all (or many at least) of these problems that
keep popping up. SIP, for example, did a pretty
bad job of solving this problem.

	Mike

Ping Pan writes:
 > I thought ERO was invented for traffic engineering. Why is it relevant 
 > to security?
 > 
 > This entire RSVP security thread sounds fishy to me. RSVP is no 
 > different than IGP, where control messages are passed hop-by-hop. If 
 > people are happy with how routing protocols are handling with their 
 > security issues (MD5 and what not), then RSVP should just adapt the same 
 > mechanism. I know some people are not happy with routing security in the 
 > first place, then maybe this entire protocol security issue should be 
 > considered else where.
 > 
 > Finally, I am just curious about where this NSIS protocol would get 
 > deployed to have this security problem. In the backbone, RSVP-TE seems 
 > to be fine as it is. I wonder if this is designed for mobile users.
 > 
 > Thanks!
 > 
 > - Ping
 > 
 > 
 > sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be wrote:
 > > Hi Robert, Kuntal, all,
 > > 
 > > I interpreted the ERO comment as follows: The fact that the security
 > > association is now wrong results from the route change. The ERO is a way to
 > > pin the route to what it originally was and thus prevents the route change.
 > > This means that the security association will be the correct one. What do
 > > you think?
 > > 
 > > Cheers,
 > > Sven.
 > > 
 > > 
 > > 
 > > 
 > > 
 > > "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>@ietf.org on 27/11/2002
 > > 00:50:26
 > > 
 > > Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org
 > > 
 > > 
 > > To:   Kuntal Chowdhury <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>, nsis@ietf.org
 > > cc:
 > > Subject:  RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
 > > 
 > > 
 > > 
 > > Hi,
 > > 
 > > I  don't believe that the ERO is relevant here. The issue isn't that the
 > > messages  get sent to the wrong next peer (which the ERO would fix, albeit
 > > in  a somewhat overweight way), it's that they are sent to the right next
 > > peer, but with the wrong security association, because the source didn't
 > > know  the next peer had changed. So this is essentially an issue of how to
 > > discover  and react to route changes. (At least I think so.)
 > > 
 > > Cheers,
 > > 
 > > Robert  H.
 > > -----Original Message-----
 > > From: Kuntal Chowdhury  [mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com]
 > > Sent: 26 November 2002  17:55
 > > To: nsis@ietf.org
 > > Subject: [NSIS] next peer issue in  rsvp-sec
 > > 
 > > 
 > > 
 > > Hi all,
 > > I think the Next Peer issue  highlighted in the RSVP Security Properties
 > > slide
 > > (http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt)
 > > can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object)  in the RSVP-PATH
 > > message.
 > > Of course the intervening  network needs to understand ERO.
 > > 
 > > -Kuntal
 > > 
 > > 
 > > 
 > > 
 > > _______________________________________________
 > > nsis mailing list
 > > nsis@ietf.org
 > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
 > 
 > 
 > _______________________________________________
 > nsis mailing list
 > nsis@ietf.org
 > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
_______________________________________________
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Michael,

> In fact, RSVP has two different authentication
> needs: hop-by-hop which is fairly analogous to the
> IGP problem and the more abstract e2e/e2m/m2m kind
> of problem which RFC 2752 talks about. This
> problem is both a) harder and b) not unique to
> RSVP (SIP and any other proxiable protocol usually
> run into the same problem).

Exactly.
 
> What I keep wondering about is whether an app
> layer auth/encryption abstraction would be useful
> for all (or many at least) of these problems that
> keep popping up. SIP, for example, did a pretty
> bad job of solving this problem.

So, I think that part of the 2 layer functional split
that we need to work on should try to address this.
I prefer to have the upper layer handle the authentication
and payload encryption part.  The lower layer could
just work on transport layer security, which is very
useful in protecting various DoS problems.  Of course,
the devil's in the details.

John
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To: john.loughney@nokia.com
cc: mat@cisco.com, nsis@ietf.org
From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec 
In-Reply-To: Message from john.loughney@nokia.com 
   of "Wed, 27 Nov 2002 14:57:23 +0200." <A16A3EE4D4CA124FADC7987B1AC89FE41F2637@esebe022.ntc.nokia.com> 
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> So, I think that part of the 2 layer functional split
> that we need to work on should try to address this.
> I prefer to have the upper layer handle the authentication
> and payload encryption part.

I'd swap some words around and to say "upper layer handle
the payload authentication and encryption part."  Basically
all we're saying is that the application needs to protect
itself against threats against the application and that the
transport layer needs to protect itself against threats
against the transport.

Melinda
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Hi Melinda,

Your wordsmithing works for me.

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Melinda Shore [mailto:mshore@cisco.com]
> Sent: 27 November, 2002 15:09
> To: Loughney John (NRC/Helsinki)
> Cc: mat@cisco.com; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec 
> 
> 
> > So, I think that part of the 2 layer functional split
> > that we need to work on should try to address this.
> > I prefer to have the upper layer handle the authentication
> > and payload encryption part.
> 
> I'd swap some words around and to say "upper layer handle
> the payload authentication and encryption part."  Basically
> all we're saying is that the application needs to protect
> itself against threats against the application and that the
> transport layer needs to protect itself against threats
> against the transport.
> 
> Melinda
> 
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Hi all,

As both previous IETF meetings (54 & 55) have been quite busy, there is a possibility for an interim meeting before IETF 56.  IETF 56 is March 16-21, 2003 - so early February may very well be the best time frame for a meeting.  I discussed the possibilites with our ADs and Allison suggest she might be able to host it in New Jersey, which might be preferable as it is in between those on the West Coast and those in Europe.  

Topics to discuss would be:

	1) Framework document
	2) Analysis document
	3) 2 layer functionality split
	4) Settling the existing security docs

Is anyone interested in this?

Thanks,
John
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Hi Bob,

> Mind you, maybe the Routing area should investigate whether there is
> room in the global routing architecture for some form of local fixups
> using some form of signaling.  I am not a routing expert so this is
> only a wild idea.  But that would surely have to be founded on a firm
> base of research in the routing area, and it must be totally out of
> scope for NSIS.

Have friends in the Routing area, or would this be a nice thing to ship
to the IRTF Routing Research Group?

John
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated Charter
To: Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>
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Hi Bob,

Would it be correct to describe the idea you mention below as 'a signalling
protocol that allows a signalling path to locally diverge from the data
path provided both paths branch and merge in the same domain (or any region
under the same administration)'. This would in fact mend local 'funny'
routing practices.
However, another issue addressed in RFC 2998 is:
'The assumption within both IntServ and DiffServ architectures is that the
best effort routing path is used, where the path is either capable of
sustaining the service load, or not. Assuming that the deployment of
service differentiating infrastructure will be piecemeal, even if only in
the initial stages of a QoS rollout, such an assumption may be
unwarranted.'
I interpret this statement as a need to be able to separate routing
contexts for different service classes, e.g. because the normal L3 AS next
hop only delivers BE service. I am not sure if this can be provided with
only local divergence from the BE routing path.

What do you think?
Sven.





Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>@ietf.org on 21/11/2002 23:10:47

Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org


To:   braden@ISI.EDU, john.loughney@nokia.com
cc:   nsis@ietf.org
Subject:  RE: [NSIS] Updated Charter



John,

  *> Yes, the transport layer should be aware of some of these issues,
  *> but we should be careful that we don't create an overlay network
  *> which we are routing the signaling messages on.  If we do, then
  *> we can very easily have divergence of the signaling path from
  *> the data path.

(... among other evils)

Mind you, maybe the Routing area should investigate whether there is
room in the global routing architecture for some form of local fixups
using some form of signaling.  I am not a routing expert so this is
only a wild idea.  But that would surely have to be founded on a firm
base of research in the routing area, and it must be totally out of
scope for NSIS.

Bob

  *>
  *> best regards,
  *> John
  *>
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Updated Charter
To: sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be
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The reference below should be to RFC 2990.

Sorry,
Sven.





Sven VAN DEN BOSCH/BE/ALCATEL@ALCATEL@ietf.org on 27/11/2002 15:14:17

Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org


To:   Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>
cc:   braden@ISI.EDU, john.loughney@nokia.com, nsis@ietf.org
Subject:  RE: [NSIS] Updated Charter


Hi Bob,

Would it be correct to describe the idea you mention below as 'a signalling
protocol that allows a signalling path to locally diverge from the data
path provided both paths branch and merge in the same domain (or any region
under the same administration)'. This would in fact mend local 'funny'
routing practices.
However, another issue addressed in RFC 2998 is:
'The assumption within both IntServ and DiffServ architectures is that the
best effort routing path is used, where the path is either capable of
sustaining the service load, or not. Assuming that the deployment of
service differentiating infrastructure will be piecemeal, even if only in
the initial stages of a QoS rollout, such an assumption may be
unwarranted.'
I interpret this statement as a need to be able to separate routing
contexts for different service classes, e.g. because the normal L3 AS next
hop only delivers BE service. I am not sure if this can be provided with
only local divergence from the BE routing path.

What do you think?
Sven.





Bob Braden <braden@ISI.EDU>@ietf.org on 21/11/2002 23:10:47

Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org


To:   braden@ISI.EDU, john.loughney@nokia.com
cc:   nsis@ietf.org
Subject:  RE: [NSIS] Updated Charter



John,

  *> Yes, the transport layer should be aware of some of these issues,
  *> but we should be careful that we don't create an overlay network
  *> which we are routing the signaling messages on.  If we do, then
  *> we can very easily have divergence of the signaling path from
  *> the data path.

(... among other evils)

Mind you, maybe the Routing area should investigate whether there is
room in the global routing architecture for some form of local fixups
using some form of signaling.  I am not a routing expert so this is
only a wild idea.  But that would surely have to be founded on a firm
base of research in the routing area, and it must be totally out of
scope for NSIS.

Bob

  *>
  *> best regards,
  *> John
  *>
_______________________________________________
nsis mailing list
nsis@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis



_______________________________________________
nsis mailing list
nsis@ietf.org
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis



_______________________________________________
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https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis



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next peer issue in rsvp-sechi Kuntal

the intention of this slide was to illustrate that the rsvp path message is
(with some modification) also a means to provide next-peer discovery.

if you already know the next peer then you might be able to use the correct
security association (and therefore the key).

additionally a problem is the fact that a router must allows expect to
receive a error message from somewhere indicating that a security
verification failure occurred. without knowning the topology you cannot even
restrict the nodes where these error messages have to come from.

ciao
hannes

  -----Original Message-----
  From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Kuntal
Chowdhury
  Sent: Tuesday, November 26, 2002 6:55 PM
  To: nsis@ietf.org
  Subject: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec


  Hi all,
  I think the Next Peer issue highlighted in the RSVP Security Properties
slide
  (http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt)
  can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object) in the RSVP-PATH
message.
  Of course the intervening network needs to understand ERO.

  -Kuntal

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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>next peer issue in rsvp-sec</TITLE>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2800.1106" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D432015614-27112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>hi=20
<FONT color=3D#000000><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">Kuntal<FONT =
size=3D3>=20
</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D432015614-27112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D432015614-27112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>the=20
intention of this slide was to illustrate that the rsvp path message is =
(with=20
some modification) also a means to provide next-peer discovery.=20
</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D432015614-27112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN><SPAN class=3D432015614-27112002><FONT =
face=3DArial=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D432015614-27112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>if you=20
already know the next peer then you might be able to use the correct =
security=20
association (and therefore the key). </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D432015614-27112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D432015614-27112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>additionally a problem is the fact that a router must allows =
expect to=20
receive a error message from somewhere indicating that a security =
verification=20
failure occurred. without knowning the topology you cannot even restrict =
the=20
nodes where these error messages have to come from. </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D432015614-27112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D432015614-27112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>ciao</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D432015614-27112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>hannes</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D432015614-27112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><FONT =
face=3DTahoma=20
  size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> =
nsis-admin@ietf.org=20
  [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]<B>On Behalf Of </B>Kuntal=20
  Chowdhury<BR><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, November 26, 2002 6:55 =
PM<BR><B>To:</B>=20
  nsis@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> [NSIS] next peer issue in=20
  rsvp-sec<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <P><FONT size=3D2>Hi all,</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>I think the Next =
Peer issue=20
  highlighted in the RSVP Security Properties slide</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>(<A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties=
.ppt"=20
  =
target=3D_blank>http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Pr=
operties.ppt</A>)=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>can be solved by adding an ERO =
(EXPLICIT_ROUTE object)=20
  in the RSVP-PATH message. </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>Of course the =
intervening=20
  network needs to understand ERO.</FONT> </P>
  <P><FONT size=3D2>-Kuntal</FONT> </P></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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Reply-To: <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Ping Pan" <pingpan@cs.columbia.edu>, <sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be>
Cc: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>,
        "Kuntal Chowdhury" <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>, <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2002 16:24:42 +0100
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hi ping

referring to the security of rsvp-te and mpls in particular is unfortunately
not very helpful. the way rsvp-te (and mpls) works is different to rsvp (or
a generic signaling protocol) in general. hence you could basically use
anything and it would work (in the worst case you can blame the
administrator for a bad network configuration). i would argue that in case
of interdomain signaling everything is much easier compared to end-to-end. i
bet that there are a few people who believe that you do not need to secure
intra-domain signaling messages.

i, however, think that there is a deployment problem for rsvp since you
cannot assume that every router is an rsvp aware. (and we want to skip the
policy issues, the missing key management and other things for the moment).
hence i believe that the issues raised here are not only imagination.

consider a case where rsvp signaling messages are interpreted only at the
access networks and are treated transparently in the core network (because
of overprovisioning, diffserv clouds, etc.). would you as an access network
service provider be willing to make a qos reservation or some processig
without having these signaling message to be properly secured?
sender-initiated messages and proxy operation would make the situation more
difficult.

i have two questions regarding igp:

- how are messages delivered between two nodes? (transport
protocol/addressing)
- how does one node learn to which other node to send the message?
(discovery mechanism)

ciao
hannes


> -----Original Message-----
> From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Ping
> Pan
> Sent: Wednesday, November 27, 2002 9:45 AM
> To: sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be
> Cc: Hancock, Robert; Kuntal Chowdhury; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
>
>
> I thought ERO was invented for traffic engineering. Why is it relevant
> to security?
>
> This entire RSVP security thread sounds fishy to me. RSVP is no
> different than IGP, where control messages are passed hop-by-hop. If
> people are happy with how routing protocols are handling with their
> security issues (MD5 and what not), then RSVP should just adapt the same
> mechanism. I know some people are not happy with routing security in the
> first place, then maybe this entire protocol security issue should be
> considered else where.
>
> Finally, I am just curious about where this NSIS protocol would get
> deployed to have this security problem. In the backbone, RSVP-TE seems
> to be fine as it is. I wonder if this is designed for mobile users.
>
> Thanks!
>
> - Ping
>
>
> sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be wrote:
> > Hi Robert, Kuntal, all,
> >
> > I interpreted the ERO comment as follows: The fact that the security
> > association is now wrong results from the route change. The ERO
> is a way to
> > pin the route to what it originally was and thus prevents the
> route change.
> > This means that the security association will be the correct
> one. What do
> > you think?
> >
> > Cheers,
> > Sven.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>@ietf.org on 27/11/2002
> > 00:50:26
> >
> > Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org
> >
> >
> > To:   Kuntal Chowdhury <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>, nsis@ietf.org
> > cc:
> > Subject:  RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
> >
> >
> >
> > Hi,
> >
> > I  don't believe that the ERO is relevant here. The issue isn't that the
> > messages  get sent to the wrong next peer (which the ERO would
> fix, albeit
> > in  a somewhat overweight way), it's that they are sent to the
> right next
> > peer, but with the wrong security association, because the source didn't
> > know  the next peer had changed. So this is essentially an
> issue of how to
> > discover  and react to route changes. (At least I think so.)
> >
> > Cheers,
> >
> > Robert  H.
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Kuntal Chowdhury  [mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com]
> > Sent: 26 November 2002  17:55
> > To: nsis@ietf.org
> > Subject: [NSIS] next peer issue in  rsvp-sec
> >
> >
> >
> > Hi all,
> > I think the Next Peer issue  highlighted in the RSVP Security Properties
> > slide
> > (http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt)
> > can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object)  in the RSVP-PATH
> > message.
> > Of course the intervening  network needs to understand ERO.
> >
> > -Kuntal
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > nsis mailing list
> > nsis@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis

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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Nov 27 11:28:22 2002
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Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2002 17:23:02 +0100
From: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
Reply-To: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
To: john.loughney@nokia.com, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [NSIS] Interim Meeting Query
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John,

I think we should be able to sort out the issues on the mailing list. The 2 
layer split is IMO the only topic face-to-face is benefical.

And if you plan an interim Januarry would be better such that editors are 
able to push out a new document for the IETF meeting.

Marcus

--On Mittwoch, 27. November 2002 15:22 +0200 john.loughney@nokia.com wrote:

> Hi all,
>
> As both previous IETF meetings (54 & 55) have been quite busy, there is a
> possibility for an interim meeting before IETF 56.  IETF 56 is March
> 16-21, 2003 - so early February may very well be the best time frame for
> a meeting.  I discussed the possibilites with our ADs and Allison suggest
> she might be able to host it in New Jersey, which might be preferable as
> it is in between those on the West Coast and those in Europe.
>
> Topics to discuss would be:
>
> 	1) Framework document
> 	2) Analysis document
> 	3) 2 layer functionality split
> 	4) Settling the existing security docs
>
> Is anyone interested in this?
>
> Thanks,
> John
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis



--------------------------------------
Dr. Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus


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To: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
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Hi Robert,
I think the statement "source didn't know the next peer had changed" means
the plain IP routing protocol did not propagate topology change (a non
converged network). Alternatively the "source routing" algorithm (that
computes the explicit route) did not do a good job. However these error
scenarios in explicit route computation do not mean that a correctly formed
ERO (with correct topology) information cannot be used in securing signaling
exchanges with the next peers.
 
-Kuntal
 

-----Original Message-----
From: Hancock, Robert [mailto:robert.hancock@roke.co.uk] 
Sent: Tuesday, November 26, 2002 5:50 PM
To: Chowdhury, Kuntal [RICH1:2H18:EXCH]; nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec


Hi,
 
I don't believe that the ERO is relevant here. The issue isn't that the
messages get sent to the wrong next peer (which the ERO would fix, albeit in
a somewhat overweight way), it's that they are sent to the right next peer,
but with the wrong security association, because the source didn't know the
next peer had changed. So this is essentially an issue of how to discover
and react to route changes. (At least I think so.)
 
Cheers,
 
Robert H.

-----Original Message-----
From: Kuntal Chowdhury [mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com]
Sent: 26 November 2002 17:55
To: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec



Hi all, 
I think the Next Peer issue highlighted in the RSVP Security Properties
slide 
(http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt
<http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt> ) 
can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object) in the RSVP-PATH
message. 
Of course the intervening network needs to understand ERO. 

-Kuntal 


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<DIV><SPAN class=3D607421616-27112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Hi=20
Robert,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D607421616-27112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>I=20
think the statement "source didn't know the next peer had changed" =
means the=20
plain IP routing protocol did not propagate topology change (a non =
converged=20
network). Alternatively the "source routing" algorithm (that computes =
the=20
explicit route) did not do a good job. However these error scenarios in =
explicit=20
route computation do not mean that a correctly formed ERO (with correct =

topology) information cannot be used in securing signaling exchanges =
with the=20
next peers.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D607421616-27112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D607421616-27112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2>-Kuntal</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D607421616-27112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader lang=3Den-us dir=3Dltr =
align=3Dleft><FONT=20
  face=3DTahoma size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> =
Hancock, Robert=20
  [mailto:robert.hancock@roke.co.uk] <BR><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, November =
26, 2002=20
  5:50 PM<BR><B>To:</B> Chowdhury, Kuntal [RICH1:2H18:EXCH];=20
  nsis@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in=20
  rsvp-sec<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
  size=3D2>Hi,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
  size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>I=20
  don't believe that the ERO is relevant here. The issue isn't that the =
messages=20
  get sent to the wrong next peer (which the ERO would fix, albeit in=20
  a&nbsp;somewhat overweight&nbsp;way), it's that they are sent to the =
right=20
  next peer, but with the wrong security association, because the =
source didn't=20
  know the next peer had changed. So this is essentially an issue of =
how to=20
  discover and react to route changes. (At least I think=20
so.)</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
  size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
  size=3D2>Cheers,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
  size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=3D070353622-26112002><FONT face=3DArial =
color=3D#0000ff=20
  size=3D2>Robert H.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
  style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff =
2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
    <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><FONT =
face=3DTahoma=20
    size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> Kuntal =
Chowdhury=20
    [mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com]<BR><B>Sent:</B> 26 November =
2002=20
    17:55<BR><B>To:</B> nsis@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> [NSIS] next =
peer issue=20
    in rsvp-sec<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
    <P><FONT size=3D2>Hi all,</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>I think the =
Next Peer issue=20
    highlighted in the RSVP Security Properties slide</FONT> <BR><FONT=20
    size=3D2>(<A target=3D_blank=20
    =
href=3D"http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Propertie=
s.ppt">http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties=
.ppt</A>)=20
    </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>can be solved by adding an ERO =
(EXPLICIT_ROUTE=20
    object) in the RSVP-PATH message. </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>Of =
course the=20
    intervening network needs to understand ERO.</FONT> </P>
    <P><FONT size=3D2>-Kuntal</FONT> =
</P></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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Hi all,

Regarding recent security discussion, one of the Security ADs suggest the
following draft, as input to the discussion:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-bellovin-useipsec-00.txt	

It is a good read and useful background for our security discussions.

thanks,
John
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From: "Kuntal Chowdhury" <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>
To: Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
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Hi Hannes,
I agree that the router that sends the PATH message, should be prepared to
accept occasional error messages from peer's if for some reason the PATH
message did not get routed to the intended peer.
The point I was trying to make was: the chances of routing the PATH message
(with proper security association with an indented peer) will be higher if
route pinning (e.g. ERO) is used.
 
-Kuntal
 

-----Original Message-----
From: Hannes Tschofenig [mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com] 
Sent: Wednesday, November 27, 2002 9:25 AM
To: Chowdhury, Kuntal [RICH1:2H18:EXCH]; nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec


hi Kuntal 
 
the intention of this slide was to illustrate that the rsvp path message is
(with some modification) also a means to provide next-peer discovery. 
 
if you already know the next peer then you might be able to use the correct
security association (and therefore the key). 
 
additionally a problem is the fact that a router must allows expect to
receive a error message from somewhere indicating that a security
verification failure occurred. without knowning the topology you cannot even
restrict the nodes where these error messages have to come from. 
 
ciao
hannes
 

-----Original Message-----
From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Kuntal
Chowdhury
Sent: Tuesday, November 26, 2002 6:55 PM
To: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec



Hi all, 
I think the Next Peer issue highlighted in the RSVP Security Properties
slide 
(http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt
<http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt> ) 
can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object) in the RSVP-PATH
message. 
Of course the intervening network needs to understand ERO. 

-Kuntal 


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<DIV><SPAN class=019225316-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>Hi 
Hannes,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=019225316-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>I 
agree that the&nbsp;router that sends the PATH message, should be prepared to 
accept occasional error messages from peer's if for some reason the PATH message 
did not get routed to the intended peer.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=019225316-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>The 
point I was trying to make was: the chances of routing the PATH message (with 
proper security association with an indented peer) will be higher if route 
pinning (e.g. ERO) is used.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=019225316-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=019225316-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
size=2>-Kuntal</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=019225316-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr 
style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV></DIV>
  <DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader lang=en-us dir=ltr align=left><FONT 
  face=Tahoma size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> Hannes 
  Tschofenig [mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com] <BR><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, 
  November 27, 2002 9:25 AM<BR><B>To:</B> Chowdhury, Kuntal [RICH1:2H18:EXCH]; 
  nsis@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in 
  rsvp-sec<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=432015614-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>hi 
  <FONT color=#000000><FONT face="Times New Roman">Kuntal<FONT size=3> 
  </FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=432015614-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
  size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=432015614-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>the 
  intention of this slide was to illustrate that the rsvp path message is (with 
  some modification) also a means to provide next-peer discovery. 
  </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=432015614-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
  size=2></FONT></SPAN><SPAN class=432015614-27112002><FONT face=Arial 
  color=#0000ff size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=432015614-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff size=2>if 
  you already know the next peer then you might be able to use the correct 
  security association (and therefore the key). </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=432015614-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
  size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=432015614-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
  size=2>additionally a problem is the fact that a router must allows expect to 
  receive a error message from somewhere indicating that a security verification 
  failure occurred. without knowning the topology you cannot even restrict the 
  nodes where these error messages have to come from. </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=432015614-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
  size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=432015614-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
  size=2>ciao</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=432015614-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
  size=2>hannes</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV><SPAN class=432015614-27112002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff 
  size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr 
  style="PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
    <DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr align=left><FONT face=Tahoma 
    size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> nsis-admin@ietf.org 
    [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]<B>On Behalf Of </B>Kuntal 
    Chowdhury<BR><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, November 26, 2002 6:55 PM<BR><B>To:</B> 
    nsis@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> [NSIS] next peer issue in 
    rsvp-sec<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
    <P><FONT size=2>Hi all,</FONT> <BR><FONT size=2>I think the Next Peer issue 
    highlighted in the RSVP Security Properties slide</FONT> <BR><FONT 
    size=2>(<A target=_blank 
    href="http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt">http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Properties.ppt</A>) 
    </FONT><BR><FONT size=2>can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE 
    object) in the RSVP-PATH message. </FONT><BR><FONT size=2>Of course the 
    intervening network needs to understand ERO.</FONT> </P>
    <P><FONT size=2>-Kuntal</FONT> </P></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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Hi Marcus,

> I think we should be able to sort out the issues on the mailing list. The 2 
> layer split is IMO the only topic face-to-face is benefical.

I agree, I was thinking of having limited time on the other areas.
 
> And if you plan an interim Januarry would be better such that editors are 
> able to push out a new document for the IETF meeting.

Late January is OK with me as well.

John
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Subject: [NSIS] attempted summary of next-peer issue (was: RE: next peer issue in
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Hi Kuntal, Sven, Ping, Michael, John, Melinda, Hannes, all,

It seems a number of issues have got combined here. Here is an attempted summary. Let me know if I missed or confused something.

1. If the originator knows the route the traffic is taking up to the next peer, it can send the signalling message to the right place no problem - there is *no next-peer issue* in this case. (This could be either because the originator is doing traffic engineering, or has complete IGP knowledge, or is telepathic, or whatever.) It can send the signalling message with an ERO object or with what the framework (currently) calls peer-peer addressing; in any case, there is *no problem*.

2. If you are in the fortunate position of knowing all nodes are NSIS-signalling capable, there is also *no next-peer issue* in this case. This is analogous to the IGP case. You know the signalling peer just by knowing the outgoing IP neighbour.

3. I believe we the NSIS w.g. are also (indeed, primarily???) interested in situations where (a) you are not traffic engineering or route pinning or assuming routing awareness, and (b) NTLP or indeed NSLP peers are far apart in IP terms. This is where the next-peer issue arises. And where, as Hannes points out, you also need to worry about the patherr messages in the other direction posing a security threat.

[that's why you need security specialists - they always give the threat knife that one extra twist...]

Is this accurate? 

Robert H.


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hannes Tschofenig [mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com]
> Sent: 27 November 2002 15:25
> To: Ping Pan; sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be
> Cc: Hancock, Robert; Kuntal Chowdhury; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
> 
> 
> hi ping
> 
> referring to the security of rsvp-te and mpls in particular 
> is unfortunately
> not very helpful. the way rsvp-te (and mpls) works is 
> different to rsvp (or
> a generic signaling protocol) in general. hence you could 
> basically use
> anything and it would work (in the worst case you can blame the
> administrator for a bad network configuration). i would argue 
> that in case
> of interdomain signaling everything is much easier compared 
> to end-to-end. i
> bet that there are a few people who believe that you do not 
> need to secure
> intra-domain signaling messages.
> 
> i, however, think that there is a deployment problem for rsvp 
> since you
> cannot assume that every router is an rsvp aware. (and we 
> want to skip the
> policy issues, the missing key management and other things 
> for the moment).
> hence i believe that the issues raised here are not only imagination.
> 
> consider a case where rsvp signaling messages are interpreted 
> only at the
> access networks and are treated transparently in the core 
> network (because
> of overprovisioning, diffserv clouds, etc.). would you as an 
> access network
> service provider be willing to make a qos reservation or some 
> processig
> without having these signaling message to be properly secured?
> sender-initiated messages and proxy operation would make the 
> situation more
> difficult.
> 
> i have two questions regarding igp:
> 
> - how are messages delivered between two nodes? (transport
> protocol/addressing)
> - how does one node learn to which other node to send the message?
> (discovery mechanism)
> 
> ciao
> hannes
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On 
> Behalf Of Ping
> > Pan
> > Sent: Wednesday, November 27, 2002 9:45 AM
> > To: sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be
> > Cc: Hancock, Robert; Kuntal Chowdhury; nsis@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
> >
> >
> > I thought ERO was invented for traffic engineering. Why is 
> it relevant
> > to security?
> >
> > This entire RSVP security thread sounds fishy to me. RSVP is no
> > different than IGP, where control messages are passed hop-by-hop. If
> > people are happy with how routing protocols are handling with their
> > security issues (MD5 and what not), then RSVP should just 
> adapt the same
> > mechanism. I know some people are not happy with routing 
> security in the
> > first place, then maybe this entire protocol security issue 
> should be
> > considered else where.
> >
> > Finally, I am just curious about where this NSIS protocol would get
> > deployed to have this security problem. In the backbone, 
> RSVP-TE seems
> > to be fine as it is. I wonder if this is designed for mobile users.
> >
> > Thanks!
> >
> > - Ping
> >
> >
> > sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be wrote:
> > > Hi Robert, Kuntal, all,
> > >
> > > I interpreted the ERO comment as follows: The fact that 
> the security
> > > association is now wrong results from the route change. The ERO
> > is a way to
> > > pin the route to what it originally was and thus prevents the
> > route change.
> > > This means that the security association will be the correct
> > one. What do
> > > you think?
> > >
> > > Cheers,
> > > Sven.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>@ietf.org on 
> 27/11/2002
> > > 00:50:26
> > >
> > > Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org
> > >
> > >
> > > To:   Kuntal Chowdhury <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>, 
> nsis@ietf.org
> > > cc:
> > > Subject:  RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > Hi,
> > >
> > > I  don't believe that the ERO is relevant here. The issue 
> isn't that the
> > > messages  get sent to the wrong next peer (which the ERO would
> > fix, albeit
> > > in  a somewhat overweight way), it's that they are sent to the
> > right next
> > > peer, but with the wrong security association, because 
> the source didn't
> > > know  the next peer had changed. So this is essentially an
> > issue of how to
> > > discover  and react to route changes. (At least I think so.)
> > >
> > > Cheers,
> > >
> > > Robert  H.
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Kuntal Chowdhury  [mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com]
> > > Sent: 26 November 2002  17:55
> > > To: nsis@ietf.org
> > > Subject: [NSIS] next peer issue in  rsvp-sec
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > Hi all,
> > > I think the Next Peer issue  highlighted in the RSVP 
> Security Properties
> > > slide
> > > 
> (http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Proper
ties.ppt)
> > can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object)  in the RSVP-PATH
> > message.
> > Of course the intervening  network needs to understand ERO.
> >
> > -Kuntal
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > nsis mailing list
> > nsis@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
>
>
> _______________________________________________
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From mailnull@www1.ietf.org  Wed Nov 27 15:34:28 2002
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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec 
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So, I'd like to check I understand the subtleties of the wording correctly:

the NTLP needs to protect itself against threats against the transport (and I guess below), which we think of as things like DoS, some confidentiality aspects (traffic analysis), could be done with something channel-security-like?
(or we think of just DoS protection, probably no cryptographic protection?)

whereas an NSLP would have application specific protection of elements of the payload (integrity protection and authorisation aspects)?

This would certainly seem reasonable to me and was my working assumption going into Atlanta (at least up to the point where Melinda very reasonably pointed out we should have a clearer picture of the NTLP functionality before deciding its security requirements...)

However, I don't think the layer split tells us anything about how technically to address the next-peer issue we started with.

Robert H.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
> Sent: 27 November 2002 13:15
> To: mshore@cisco.com
> Cc: mat@cisco.com; nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec 
> 
> 
> Hi Melinda,
> 
> Your wordsmithing works for me.
> 
> John
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: ext Melinda Shore [mailto:mshore@cisco.com]
> > Sent: 27 November, 2002 15:09
> > To: Loughney John (NRC/Helsinki)
> > Cc: mat@cisco.com; nsis@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec 
> > 
> > 
> > > So, I think that part of the 2 layer functional split
> > > that we need to work on should try to address this.
> > > I prefer to have the upper layer handle the authentication
> > > and payload encryption part.
> > 
> > I'd swap some words around and to say "upper layer handle
> > the payload authentication and encryption part."  Basically
> > all we're saying is that the application needs to protect
> > itself against threats against the application and that the
> > transport layer needs to protect itself against threats
> > against the transport.
> > 
> > Melinda
> > 
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> 
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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
To: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Use IPSec draft
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2002 20:35:07 -0000
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Hi,

I like this draft also, especially the warning in section 2 ("If IPsec is a bad choice, use another standardized, well-understood security protocol.  Don't roll your own.") Personally, I feel the security problems for general path-coupled signalling taken as a whole are sufficiently weird that it's worth considering how to slice the problem up at the architectural stage to get a better match to existing "standardized, well-understood security protocol[s]". But I know other people object to this style of approach.

Robert H.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
> Sent: 27 November 2002 16:59
> To: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: [NSIS] Use IPSec draft
> 
> 
> Hi all,
> 
> Regarding recent security discussion, one of the Security ADs 
> suggest the
> following draft, as input to the discussion:
> 
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-bellovin-useipsec-00.txt	
> 
> It is a good read and useful background for our security discussions.
> 
> thanks,
> John
> _______________________________________________
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> 
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To: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
cc: nsis@ietf.org
From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk> 
   of "Wed, 27 Nov 2002 20:35:06 GMT." <76C92FBBFB58D411AE760090271ED41805DF6036@rsys002a.roke.co.uk> 
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I really don't think that at this point we need anything
more elaborate than a recognition that the security
functions used in each layer must be appropriate to that
layer, and that the application's issues are certainly going
to be different from those of the transport protocol.  The
requirements and framework don't have to be enormously
detailed.

Melinda
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From: "Kuntal Chowdhury" <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>
To: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] attempted summary of next-peer issue (was: RE: next pe
	er issue in rsvp-sec)
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2002 16:12:54 -0600
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Hi Robert,
I think point 3 is important to note. I don't see anything in the
w.g. charter that says "explicit route" capability is beyond
the scope of NSIS. 

Section 4.1, assumption 5 and 6 in draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt has some
relevant texts on this subject:
"
5. We assume that there are means for the discovery of NSIS entities 
   in order to know the signaling peers (solutions include static 
   configuration, automatically discovered, or implicitly runs over the 
   right nodes, etc.) The discovery of the NSIS entities has security 
   implications that need to be addressed properly. These implications 
   largely depend on the chosen protocol. For some security mechanisms 
   (i.e. Kerberos, pre-shared secret) it is required to know the 
   identity of the other entity. Hence the discovery mechanism may 
   provide means to learn this identity, which is then later used to 
   retrieve the required keys and parameters.  
    
   6. NSIS assumes to operate with networks using standard ("normal") 
   L3 routing. Where "normal" is not specified more exactly on purpose.
"
I think assumption 5 is unclear as what "automatic discovery" really means.
However I think assumption 6 is (implicitly) in-line with your point 3.

Although not explicitly mentioned in the nsis-req draft, I guess the general

assumption in the w.g. is to only discuss issues with peers that are beyond 
reach of IGP and nodes that can only do plain IP routing. In short, no
"explicit
routing".

Thanks for the summary.

Regards,
Kuntal



> Hi Kuntal, Sven, Ping, Michael, John, Melinda, Hannes, all,
> 
> It seems a number of issues have got combined here. Here is 
> an attempted summary. Let me know if I missed or confused something.
> 
> 1. If the originator knows the route the traffic is taking up 
> to the next peer, it can send the signalling message to the 
> right place no problem - there is *no next-peer issue* in 
> this case. (This could be either because the originator is 
> doing traffic engineering, or has complete IGP knowledge, or 
> is telepathic, or whatever.) It can send the signalling 
> message with an ERO object or with what the framework 
> (currently) calls peer-peer addressing; in any case, there is 
> *no problem*.
> 
> 2. If you are in the fortunate position of knowing all nodes 
> are NSIS-signalling capable, there is also *no next-peer 
> issue* in this case. This is analogous to the IGP case. You 
> know the signalling peer just by knowing the outgoing IP neighbour.
> 
> 3. I believe we the NSIS w.g. are also (indeed, primarily???) 
> interested in situations where (a) you are not traffic 
> engineering or route pinning or assuming routing awareness, 
> and (b) NTLP or indeed NSLP peers are far apart in IP terms. 
> This is where the next-peer issue arises. And where, as 
> Hannes points out, you also need to worry about the patherr 
> messages in the other direction posing a security threat.
> 
> [that's why you need security specialists - they always give 
> the threat knife that one extra twist...]
> 
> Is this accurate? 
> 
> Robert H.
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Hannes Tschofenig [mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com]
> > Sent: 27 November 2002 15:25
> > To: Ping Pan; sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be
> > Cc: Hancock, Robert; Kuntal Chowdhury; nsis@ietf.org
> > Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
> > 
> > 
> > hi ping
> > 
> > referring to the security of rsvp-te and mpls in particular
> > is unfortunately
> > not very helpful. the way rsvp-te (and mpls) works is 
> > different to rsvp (or
> > a generic signaling protocol) in general. hence you could 
> > basically use
> > anything and it would work (in the worst case you can blame the
> > administrator for a bad network configuration). i would argue 
> > that in case
> > of interdomain signaling everything is much easier compared 
> > to end-to-end. i
> > bet that there are a few people who believe that you do not 
> > need to secure
> > intra-domain signaling messages.
> > 
> > i, however, think that there is a deployment problem for rsvp
> > since you
> > cannot assume that every router is an rsvp aware. (and we 
> > want to skip the
> > policy issues, the missing key management and other things 
> > for the moment).
> > hence i believe that the issues raised here are not only 
> imagination.
> > 
> > consider a case where rsvp signaling messages are interpreted
> > only at the
> > access networks and are treated transparently in the core 
> > network (because
> > of overprovisioning, diffserv clouds, etc.). would you as an 
> > access network
> > service provider be willing to make a qos reservation or some 
> > processig
> > without having these signaling message to be properly secured?
> > sender-initiated messages and proxy operation would make the 
> > situation more
> > difficult.
> > 
> > i have two questions regarding igp:
> > 
> > - how are messages delivered between two nodes? (transport
> > protocol/addressing)
> > - how does one node learn to which other node to send the message? 
> > (discovery mechanism)
> > 
> > ciao
> > hannes
> > 
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On
> > Behalf Of Ping
> > > Pan
> > > Sent: Wednesday, November 27, 2002 9:45 AM
> > > To: sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be
> > > Cc: Hancock, Robert; Kuntal Chowdhury; nsis@ietf.org
> > > Subject: Re: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
> > >
> > >
> > > I thought ERO was invented for traffic engineering. Why is
> > it relevant
> > > to security?
> > >
> > > This entire RSVP security thread sounds fishy to me. RSVP is no 
> > > different than IGP, where control messages are passed 
> hop-by-hop. If 
> > > people are happy with how routing protocols are handling 
> with their 
> > > security issues (MD5 and what not), then RSVP should just
> > adapt the same
> > > mechanism. I know some people are not happy with routing
> > security in the
> > > first place, then maybe this entire protocol security issue
> > should be
> > > considered else where.
> > >
> > > Finally, I am just curious about where this NSIS protocol 
> would get 
> > > deployed to have this security problem. In the backbone,
> > RSVP-TE seems
> > > to be fine as it is. I wonder if this is designed for 
> mobile users.
> > >
> > > Thanks!
> > >
> > > - Ping
> > >
> > >
> > > sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be wrote:
> > > > Hi Robert, Kuntal, all,
> > > >
> > > > I interpreted the ERO comment as follows: The fact that
> > the security
> > > > association is now wrong results from the route change. The ERO
> > > is a way to
> > > > pin the route to what it originally was and thus prevents the
> > > route change.
> > > > This means that the security association will be the correct
> > > one. What do
> > > > you think?
> > > >
> > > > Cheers,
> > > > Sven.
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>@ietf.org on
> > 27/11/2002
> > > > 00:50:26
> > > >
> > > > Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > To:   Kuntal Chowdhury <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>, 
> > nsis@ietf.org
> > > > cc:
> > > > Subject:  RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Hi,
> > > >
> > > > I  don't believe that the ERO is relevant here. The issue
> > isn't that the
> > > > messages  get sent to the wrong next peer (which the ERO would
> > > fix, albeit
> > > > in  a somewhat overweight way), it's that they are sent to the
> > > right next
> > > > peer, but with the wrong security association, because
> > the source didn't
> > > > know  the next peer had changed. So this is essentially an
> > > issue of how to
> > > > discover  and react to route changes. (At least I think so.)
> > > >
> > > > Cheers,
> > > >
> > > > Robert  H.
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: Kuntal Chowdhury  [mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com]
> > > > Sent: 26 November 2002  17:55
> > > > To: nsis@ietf.org
> > > > Subject: [NSIS] next peer issue in  rsvp-sec
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Hi all,
> > > > I think the Next Peer issue  highlighted in the RSVP
> > Security Properties
> > > > slide
> > > > 
> > (http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Proper
> ties.ppt)
> > > can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object)  in the 
> > > RSVP-PATH message. Of course the intervening  network needs to 
> > > understand ERO.
> > >
> > > -Kuntal
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > nsis mailing list
> > > nsis@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > nsis mailing list
> > nsis@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> 
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
> 

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>Hi Robert,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>I think point 3 is important to note. I don't see anything in the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>w.g. charter that says &quot;explicit route&quot; capability is beyond</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>the scope of NSIS. </FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>Section 4.1, assumption 5 and 6 in draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt has some</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>relevant texts on this subject:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&quot;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>5. We assume that there are means for the discovery of NSIS entities </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp; in order to know the signaling peers (solutions include static </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp; configuration, automatically discovered, or implicitly runs over the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp; right nodes, etc.) The discovery of the NSIS entities has security </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp; implications that need to be addressed properly. These implications </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp; largely depend on the chosen protocol. For some security mechanisms </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp; (i.e. Kerberos, pre-shared secret) it is required to know the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp; identity of the other entity. Hence the discovery mechanism may </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp; provide means to learn this identity, which is then later used to </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp; retrieve the required keys and parameters.&nbsp; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp; 6. NSIS assumes to operate with networks using standard (&quot;normal&quot;) </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&nbsp;&nbsp; L3 routing. Where &quot;normal&quot; is not specified more exactly on purpose.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&quot;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>I think assumption 5 is unclear as what &quot;automatic discovery&quot; really means.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>However I think assumption 6 is (implicitly) in-line with your point 3.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>Although not explicitly mentioned in the nsis-req draft, I guess the general </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>assumption in the w.g. is to only discuss issues with peers that are beyond </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>reach of IGP and nodes that can only do plain IP routing. In short, no &quot;explicit</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>routing&quot;.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>Thanks for the summary.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>Regards,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>Kuntal</FONT>
</P>
<BR>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; Hi Kuntal, Sven, Ping, Michael, John, Melinda, Hannes, all,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; It seems a number of issues have got combined here. Here is </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; an attempted summary. Let me know if I missed or confused something.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; 1. If the originator knows the route the traffic is taking up </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; to the next peer, it can send the signalling message to the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; right place no problem - there is *no next-peer issue* in </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; this case. (This could be either because the originator is </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; doing traffic engineering, or has complete IGP knowledge, or </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; is telepathic, or whatever.) It can send the signalling </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; message with an ERO object or with what the framework </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; (currently) calls peer-peer addressing; in any case, there is </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; *no problem*.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; 2. If you are in the fortunate position of knowing all nodes </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; are NSIS-signalling capable, there is also *no next-peer </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; issue* in this case. This is analogous to the IGP case. You </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; know the signalling peer just by knowing the outgoing IP neighbour.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; 3. I believe we the NSIS w.g. are also (indeed, primarily???) </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; interested in situations where (a) you are not traffic </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; engineering or route pinning or assuming routing awareness, </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; and (b) NTLP or indeed NSLP peers are far apart in IP terms. </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; This is where the next-peer issue arises. And where, as </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; Hannes points out, you also need to worry about the patherr </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; messages in the other direction posing a security threat.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; [that's why you need security specialists - they always give </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; the threat knife that one extra twist...]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; Is this accurate? </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; Robert H.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; -----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; From: Hannes Tschofenig [<A HREF="mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com">mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; Sent: 27 November 2002 15:25</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; To: Ping Pan; sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; Cc: Hancock, Robert; Kuntal Chowdhury; nsis@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; hi ping</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; referring to the security of rsvp-te and mpls in particular</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; is unfortunately</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; not very helpful. the way rsvp-te (and mpls) works is </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; different to rsvp (or</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; a generic signaling protocol) in general. hence you could </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; basically use</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; anything and it would work (in the worst case you can blame the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; administrator for a bad network configuration). i would argue </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; that in case</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; of interdomain signaling everything is much easier compared </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; to end-to-end. i</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; bet that there are a few people who believe that you do not </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; need to secure</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; intra-domain signaling messages.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; i, however, think that there is a deployment problem for rsvp</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; since you</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; cannot assume that every router is an rsvp aware. (and we </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; want to skip the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; policy issues, the missing key management and other things </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; for the moment).</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; hence i believe that the issues raised here are not only </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; imagination.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; consider a case where rsvp signaling messages are interpreted</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; only at the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; access networks and are treated transparently in the core </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; network (because</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; of overprovisioning, diffserv clouds, etc.). would you as an </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; access network</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; service provider be willing to make a qos reservation or some </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; processig</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; without having these signaling message to be properly secured?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; sender-initiated messages and proxy operation would make the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; situation more</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; difficult.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; i have two questions regarding igp:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; - how are messages delivered between two nodes? (transport</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; protocol/addressing)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; - how does one node learn to which other node to send the message? </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; (discovery mechanism)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; ciao</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; hannes</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; -----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [<A HREF="mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org">mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org</A>]On</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; Behalf Of Ping</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Pan</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Sent: Wednesday, November 27, 2002 9:45 AM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; To: sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Cc: Hancock, Robert; Kuntal Chowdhury; nsis@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Subject: Re: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; I thought ERO was invented for traffic engineering. Why is</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; it relevant</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; to security?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; This entire RSVP security thread sounds fishy to me. RSVP is no </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; different than IGP, where control messages are passed </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; hop-by-hop. If </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; people are happy with how routing protocols are handling </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; with their </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; security issues (MD5 and what not), then RSVP should just</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; adapt the same</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; mechanism. I know some people are not happy with routing</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; security in the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; first place, then maybe this entire protocol security issue</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; should be</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; considered else where.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Finally, I am just curious about where this NSIS protocol </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; would get </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; deployed to have this security problem. In the backbone,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; RSVP-TE seems</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; to be fine as it is. I wonder if this is designed for </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; mobile users.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Thanks!</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; - Ping</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be wrote:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Hi Robert, Kuntal, all,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; I interpreted the ERO comment as follows: The fact that</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; the security</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; association is now wrong results from the route change. The ERO</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; is a way to</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; pin the route to what it originally was and thus prevents the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; route change.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; This means that the security association will be the correct</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; one. What do</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; you think?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Cheers,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Sven.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; &quot;Hancock, Robert&quot; &lt;robert.hancock@roke.co.uk&gt;@ietf.org on</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; 27/11/2002</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; 00:50:26</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Sent by:&nbsp; nsis-admin@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; To:&nbsp;&nbsp; Kuntal Chowdhury &lt;chowdury@nortelnetworks.com&gt;, </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; nsis@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; cc:</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Subject:&nbsp; RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Hi,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; I&nbsp; don't believe that the ERO is relevant here. The issue</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; isn't that the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; messages&nbsp; get sent to the wrong next peer (which the ERO would</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; fix, albeit</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; in&nbsp; a somewhat overweight way), it's that they are sent to the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; right next</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; peer, but with the wrong security association, because</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; the source didn't</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; know&nbsp; the next peer had changed. So this is essentially an</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; issue of how to</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; discover&nbsp; and react to route changes. (At least I think so.)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Cheers,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Robert&nbsp; H.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; -----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; From: Kuntal Chowdhury&nbsp; [<A HREF="mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com">mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Sent: 26 November 2002&nbsp; 17:55</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; To: nsis@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Subject: [NSIS] next peer issue in&nbsp; rsvp-sec</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Hi all,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; I think the Next Peer issue&nbsp; highlighted in the RSVP</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; Security Properties</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; slide</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; (<A HREF="http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Proper" TARGET="_blank">http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Proper</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; ties.ppt)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object)&nbsp; in the </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; RSVP-PATH message. Of course the intervening&nbsp; network needs to </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; understand ERO.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; -Kuntal</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; _______________________________________________</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; nsis mailing list</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; nsis@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; &gt; <A HREF="https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis" TARGET="_blank">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt;</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; _______________________________________________</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; nsis mailing list</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; nsis@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; <A HREF="https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis" TARGET="_blank">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; _______________________________________________</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; nsis mailing list</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; nsis@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; <A HREF="https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis" TARGET="_blank">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; _______________________________________________</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; nsis mailing list</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; nsis@ietf.org</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; <A HREF="https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis" TARGET="_blank">https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis</A></FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
</P>

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To: "Kuntal Chowdhury" <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>
cc: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>, nsis@ietf.org
From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] attempted summary of next-peer issue (was: RE: next pe er issue in rsvp-sec) 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Kuntal Chowdhury" <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com> 
   of "Wed, 27 Nov 2002 16:12:54 CST." <23BDB0046F3ED51185CD0002A5608D24070BA1ED@zrc2c009.us.nortel.com> 
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> I think assumption 5 is unclear as what "automatic discovery" really means.

I think the document would benefit from the deletion of
assumption 5.  Somewhere, somehow, somebody needs to address
the security issues around discovery, but I'm not sure that
needs to be done in a requirement document unless there are
actual requirements.

Melinda
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To: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Cc: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] attempted summary of next-peer issue (was: RE: next pe
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Hi Melinda,
So, according to you, NSIS-peer discovery should not be assumed in 
the requirements document. Is this correct?
Also, this is an assumption. Do you suggest a similar requirement
be added in the requirements section instead?

-Kuntal

> 
> > I think assumption 5 is unclear as what "automatic 
> discovery" really 
> > means.
> 
> I think the document would benefit from the deletion of 
> assumption 5.  Somewhere, somehow, somebody needs to address 
> the security issues around discovery, but I'm not sure that 
> needs to be done in a requirement document unless there are 
> actual requirements.
> 
> Melinda
> 

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<P><FONT SIZE=2>Hi Melinda,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>So, according to you, NSIS-peer discovery should not be assumed in </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>the requirements document. Is this correct?</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>Also, this is an assumption. Do you suggest a similar requirement</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>be added in the requirements section instead?</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>-Kuntal</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; I think assumption 5 is unclear as what &quot;automatic </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; discovery&quot; really </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; &gt; means.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; I think the document would benefit from the deletion of </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; assumption 5.&nbsp; Somewhere, somehow, somebody needs to address </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; the security issues around discovery, but I'm not sure that </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; needs to be done in a requirement document unless there are </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; actual requirements.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; Melinda</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>&gt; </FONT>
</P>

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To: "Kuntal Chowdhury" <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>
cc: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>, nsis@ietf.org
From: Melinda Shore <mshore@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [NSIS] attempted summary of next-peer issue (was: RE: next pe er issue in rsvp-sec) 
In-Reply-To: Message from "Kuntal Chowdhury" <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com> 
   of "Wed, 27 Nov 2002 17:21:07 CST." <23BDB0046F3ED51185CD0002A5608D24070BA231@zrc2c009.us.nortel.com> 
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> So, according to you, NSIS-peer discovery should not be assumed in 
> the requirements document. Is this correct?

Not exactly.  I think the text that's in there is very
unclear and that we're better off deleting it and waiting
until the framework is sufficiently well-developed so that
we can correctly identify any requirements we have around
discovery.  Right now I think that different people have
different discovery/routing models in mind, and it seems to
me that we need to get those resolved before laying down any
requirements.

Melinda
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Use IPSec draft
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Hi Robert,

> I like this draft also, especially the warning in section 2 
> ("If IPsec is a bad choice, use another standardized, 
> well-understood security protocol.  Don't roll your own.") 
> Personally, I feel the security problems for general 
> path-coupled signalling taken as a whole are sufficiently 
> weird that it's worth considering how to slice the problem up 
> at the architectural stage to get a better match to existing 
> "standardized, well-understood security protocol[s]". But I 
> know other people object to this style of approach.

I support this type of consideration.  I think that security
is just as important as scalability, so it should be a prime
design consideration.

John
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Dear all,

Following the NSIS session in Atlanta, I'd like to stimulate further discussion (and maybe agreement??) on some of the issues around where the NTLP/NSLP boundary should actually go.

It seems to me there are 
1) some options on which there is some agreement
2) some options on which there is some disagreement
3) some options we haven't really discussed yet or at least not properly.

This email is an attempt to summarise (1) (i.e. find out whether I have read the mood right). Separate emails will cover some of the topics under (2). 

[I think (3) includes some real headaches (e.g. mobility handling/reservation identifiers, security attributes, coupled/decoupled aspects) which can reasonably be postponed before (1) and (2) are clearer.]

Message Types
=============

I think we can make a working assumption that the NTLP basically provides a capability like 'send data', without associating that data with creating a reservation, querying something, releasing resources, or whatever. The 'send data' message can go with or against the data flow, and only goes between NTLP peers.

Is this valid? [There may be different variants of 'send data' depending on whether the NTLP can do state management stuff, I'm not prejudging that here.]

[NB. There are potentially confusing comments within the framework about how much the NTLP and NSLP could be coupled/not properly independent layers. This is a historical overhang from when we used to think that the NTLP would have a richer message set. If the NTLP has only a very simple message set, these issues would go away.]

Path Management
===============

What was discussed/not objected in the framework session was (roughly) the assertion that the NTLP processing at each NSIS entity should include getting to the next NTLP peer, and that the NTLP should detect and maybe do something about path changes ("do something" may just be "tell the NSLP it's happened".)

Left to its own devices, the NTLP would then implicitly construct the whole path (although I would content this shouldn't be described as giving the NTLP end to end capabilities). But the NSLP at any node is free to interfere however it wants anyway.

I like this because it puts a large number of hard but signalling application independent, transport and lower layer issues inside the NTLP where they can be solved once. But I think there may be other views as well. Arguments?

Sender/Receiver Issues
======================

The proposal (actually in an individual submission) is that, in so far as the NTLP has 'directionality':
a) it only needs the functionality to get to the next NTLP peer in the sender-->receiver direction (might be called 'sender oriented')
b) by default, it should be able to send its 'data' messages either direction, but as an optimisation, some signalling applications might only ask to send them sender-->receiver.

However, we shouldn't make any restrictions on how (i.e. from which end) any NSLP should trigger the signalling process, request/authorise something, or whatever. In other words, NI and NR are NSLP concepts.

I haven't heard counter-proposals, but the assumption is partly contingent on the path management assumption (so I'm asking).



Is this a reasonable starting point?

Cheers,

Robert H.

(Later, under (2), we get to state management and flow identification, where there are clearly interesting divergences of view.)
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To: "Kuntal Chowdhury" <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>,
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] attempted summary of next-peer issue (was: RE: next peer issue in rsvp-sec)
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RE: [NSIS] attempted summary of next-peer issue (was: RE: next peer issue in
rsvp-sec)hi kuntal

it is true that the charter says nothing like "explicit route capability is
beyond
the scope of NSIS". i guess that we can all agree that things typically used
in traffic engineered networks are very special cases. hence it is fair to
say that we cannot assume this behavior for all signaling
applications/scenarios.

can you agree with me?

ciao
hannes

  -----Original Message-----
  From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Kuntal
Chowdhury
  Sent: Wednesday, November 27, 2002 11:13 PM
  To: Hancock, Robert; nsis@ietf.org
  Subject: RE: [NSIS] attempted summary of next-peer issue (was: RE: next
peer issue in rsvp-sec)


  Hi Robert,
  I think point 3 is important to note. I don't see anything in the
  w.g. charter that says "explicit route" capability is beyond
  the scope of NSIS.

  Section 4.1, assumption 5 and 6 in draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt has some
  relevant texts on this subject:
  "
  5. We assume that there are means for the discovery of NSIS entities
     in order to know the signaling peers (solutions include static
     configuration, automatically discovered, or implicitly runs over the
     right nodes, etc.) The discovery of the NSIS entities has security
     implications that need to be addressed properly. These implications
     largely depend on the chosen protocol. For some security mechanisms
     (i.e. Kerberos, pre-shared secret) it is required to know the
     identity of the other entity. Hence the discovery mechanism may
     provide means to learn this identity, which is then later used to
     retrieve the required keys and parameters.

     6. NSIS assumes to operate with networks using standard ("normal")
     L3 routing. Where "normal" is not specified more exactly on purpose.
  "
  I think assumption 5 is unclear as what "automatic discovery" really
means.
  However I think assumption 6 is (implicitly) in-line with your point 3.

  Although not explicitly mentioned in the nsis-req draft, I guess the
general
  assumption in the w.g. is to only discuss issues with peers that are
beyond
  reach of IGP and nodes that can only do plain IP routing. In short, no
"explicit
  routing".

  Thanks for the summary.

  Regards,
  Kuntal




  > Hi Kuntal, Sven, Ping, Michael, John, Melinda, Hannes, all,
  >
  > It seems a number of issues have got combined here. Here is
  > an attempted summary. Let me know if I missed or confused something.
  >
  > 1. If the originator knows the route the traffic is taking up
  > to the next peer, it can send the signalling message to the
  > right place no problem - there is *no next-peer issue* in
  > this case. (This could be either because the originator is
  > doing traffic engineering, or has complete IGP knowledge, or
  > is telepathic, or whatever.) It can send the signalling
  > message with an ERO object or with what the framework
  > (currently) calls peer-peer addressing; in any case, there is
  > *no problem*.
  >
  > 2. If you are in the fortunate position of knowing all nodes
  > are NSIS-signalling capable, there is also *no next-peer
  > issue* in this case. This is analogous to the IGP case. You
  > know the signalling peer just by knowing the outgoing IP neighbour.
  >
  > 3. I believe we the NSIS w.g. are also (indeed, primarily???)
  > interested in situations where (a) you are not traffic
  > engineering or route pinning or assuming routing awareness,
  > and (b) NTLP or indeed NSLP peers are far apart in IP terms.
  > This is where the next-peer issue arises. And where, as
  > Hannes points out, you also need to worry about the patherr
  > messages in the other direction posing a security threat.
  >
  > [that's why you need security specialists - they always give
  > the threat knife that one extra twist...]
  >
  > Is this accurate?
  >
  > Robert H.
  >
  >
  > > -----Original Message-----
  > > From: Hannes Tschofenig [mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com]
  > > Sent: 27 November 2002 15:25
  > > To: Ping Pan; sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be
  > > Cc: Hancock, Robert; Kuntal Chowdhury; nsis@ietf.org
  > > Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
  > >
  > >
  > > hi ping
  > >
  > > referring to the security of rsvp-te and mpls in particular
  > > is unfortunately
  > > not very helpful. the way rsvp-te (and mpls) works is
  > > different to rsvp (or
  > > a generic signaling protocol) in general. hence you could
  > > basically use
  > > anything and it would work (in the worst case you can blame the
  > > administrator for a bad network configuration). i would argue
  > > that in case
  > > of interdomain signaling everything is much easier compared
  > > to end-to-end. i
  > > bet that there are a few people who believe that you do not
  > > need to secure
  > > intra-domain signaling messages.
  > >
  > > i, however, think that there is a deployment problem for rsvp
  > > since you
  > > cannot assume that every router is an rsvp aware. (and we
  > > want to skip the
  > > policy issues, the missing key management and other things
  > > for the moment).
  > > hence i believe that the issues raised here are not only
  > imagination.
  > >
  > > consider a case where rsvp signaling messages are interpreted
  > > only at the
  > > access networks and are treated transparently in the core
  > > network (because
  > > of overprovisioning, diffserv clouds, etc.). would you as an
  > > access network
  > > service provider be willing to make a qos reservation or some
  > > processig
  > > without having these signaling message to be properly secured?
  > > sender-initiated messages and proxy operation would make the
  > > situation more
  > > difficult.
  > >
  > > i have two questions regarding igp:
  > >
  > > - how are messages delivered between two nodes? (transport
  > > protocol/addressing)
  > > - how does one node learn to which other node to send the message?
  > > (discovery mechanism)
  > >
  > > ciao
  > > hannes
  > >
  > >
  > > > -----Original Message-----
  > > > From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On
  > > Behalf Of Ping
  > > > Pan
  > > > Sent: Wednesday, November 27, 2002 9:45 AM
  > > > To: sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be
  > > > Cc: Hancock, Robert; Kuntal Chowdhury; nsis@ietf.org
  > > > Subject: Re: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
  > > >
  > > >
  > > > I thought ERO was invented for traffic engineering. Why is
  > > it relevant
  > > > to security?
  > > >
  > > > This entire RSVP security thread sounds fishy to me. RSVP is no
  > > > different than IGP, where control messages are passed
  > hop-by-hop. If
  > > > people are happy with how routing protocols are handling
  > with their
  > > > security issues (MD5 and what not), then RSVP should just
  > > adapt the same
  > > > mechanism. I know some people are not happy with routing
  > > security in the
  > > > first place, then maybe this entire protocol security issue
  > > should be
  > > > considered else where.
  > > >
  > > > Finally, I am just curious about where this NSIS protocol
  > would get
  > > > deployed to have this security problem. In the backbone,
  > > RSVP-TE seems
  > > > to be fine as it is. I wonder if this is designed for
  > mobile users.
  > > >
  > > > Thanks!
  > > >
  > > > - Ping
  > > >
  > > >
  > > > sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be wrote:
  > > > > Hi Robert, Kuntal, all,
  > > > >
  > > > > I interpreted the ERO comment as follows: The fact that
  > > the security
  > > > > association is now wrong results from the route change. The ERO
  > > > is a way to
  > > > > pin the route to what it originally was and thus prevents the
  > > > route change.
  > > > > This means that the security association will be the correct
  > > > one. What do
  > > > > you think?
  > > > >
  > > > > Cheers,
  > > > > Sven.
  > > > >
  > > > >
  > > > >
  > > > >
  > > > >
  > > > > "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>@ietf.org on
  > > 27/11/2002
  > > > > 00:50:26
  > > > >
  > > > > Sent by:  nsis-admin@ietf.org
  > > > >
  > > > >
  > > > > To:   Kuntal Chowdhury <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>,
  > > nsis@ietf.org
  > > > > cc:
  > > > > Subject:  RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec
  > > > >
  > > > >
  > > > >
  > > > > Hi,
  > > > >
  > > > > I  don't believe that the ERO is relevant here. The issue
  > > isn't that the
  > > > > messages  get sent to the wrong next peer (which the ERO would
  > > > fix, albeit
  > > > > in  a somewhat overweight way), it's that they are sent to the
  > > > right next
  > > > > peer, but with the wrong security association, because
  > > the source didn't
  > > > > know  the next peer had changed. So this is essentially an
  > > > issue of how to
  > > > > discover  and react to route changes. (At least I think so.)
  > > > >
  > > > > Cheers,
  > > > >
  > > > > Robert  H.
  > > > > -----Original Message-----
  > > > > From: Kuntal Chowdhury  [mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com]
  > > > > Sent: 26 November 2002  17:55
  > > > > To: nsis@ietf.org
  > > > > Subject: [NSIS] next peer issue in  rsvp-sec
  > > > >
  > > > >
  > > > >
  > > > > Hi all,
  > > > > I think the Next Peer issue  highlighted in the RSVP
  > > Security Properties
  > > > > slide
  > > > >
  > > (http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Proper
  > ties.ppt)
  > > > can be solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object)  in the
  > > > RSVP-PATH message. Of course the intervening  network needs to
  > > > understand ERO.
  > > >
  > > > -Kuntal
  > > >
  > > >
  > > >
  > > >
  > > > _______________________________________________
  > > > nsis mailing list
  > > > nsis@ietf.org
  > > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  > >
  > >
  > > _______________________________________________
  > > nsis mailing list
  > > nsis@ietf.org
  > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis
  >
  > _______________________________________________
  > nsis mailing list
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fair to=20
say that we cannot assume this behavior for all signaling=20
applications/scenarios. </FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D096372613-28112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D096372613-28112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =
size=3D2>can=20
you agree with me?</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D096372613-28112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D096372613-28112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>ciao</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D096372613-28112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2>hannes</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=3D096372613-28112002><FONT face=3DArial color=3D#0000ff =

size=3D2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=3Dltr=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px =
solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=3DOutlookMessageHeader dir=3Dltr align=3Dleft><FONT =
face=3DTahoma=20
  size=3D2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> =
nsis-admin@ietf.org=20
  [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]<B>On Behalf Of </B>Kuntal=20
  Chowdhury<BR><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, November 27, 2002 11:13 =
PM<BR><B>To:</B>=20
  Hancock, Robert; nsis@ietf.org<BR><B>Subject:</B> RE: [NSIS] attempted =
summary=20
  of next-peer issue (was: RE: next peer issue in =
rsvp-sec)<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <P><FONT size=3D2>Hi Robert,</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>I think point 3 =
is=20
  important to note. I don't see anything in the</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>w.g.=20
  charter that says "explicit route" capability is beyond</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>the scope of NSIS. </FONT></P>
  <P><FONT size=3D2>Section 4.1, assumption 5 and 6 in =
draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt=20
  has some</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>relevant texts on this =
subject:</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>"</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>5. We assume that there =
are means=20
  for the discovery of NSIS entities </FONT><BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; in=20
  order to know the signaling peers (solutions include static =
</FONT><BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; configuration, automatically discovered, or =
implicitly=20
  runs over the </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; right nodes, =
etc.) The=20
  discovery of the NSIS entities has security </FONT><BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; implications that need to be addressed properly. =
These=20
  implications </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; largely depend on =
the chosen=20
  protocol. For some security mechanisms </FONT><BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  (i.e. Kerberos, pre-shared secret) it is required to know the =
</FONT><BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; identity of the other entity. Hence the =
discovery=20
  mechanism may </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; provide means to =
learn this=20
  identity, which is then later used to </FONT><BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
  retrieve the required keys and parameters.&nbsp; </FONT><BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; 6. =
NSIS assumes=20
  to operate with networks using standard ("normal") </FONT><BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp; L3 routing. Where "normal" is not specified more =
exactly=20
  on purpose.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>"</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>I =
think=20
  assumption 5 is unclear as what "automatic discovery" really =
means.</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>However I think assumption 6 is (implicitly) =
in-line with=20
  your point 3.</FONT> </P>
  <P><FONT size=3D2>Although not explicitly mentioned in the nsis-req =
draft, I=20
  guess the general </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>assumption in the w.g. is =
to only=20
  discuss issues with peers that are beyond </FONT><BR><FONT =
size=3D2>reach of IGP=20
  and nodes that can only do plain IP routing. In short, no =
"explicit</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>routing".</FONT> </P>
  <P><FONT size=3D2>Thanks for the summary.</FONT> </P>
  <P><FONT size=3D2>Regards,</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>Kuntal</FONT> =
</P><BR><BR>
  <P><FONT size=3D2>&gt; Hi Kuntal, Sven, Ping, Michael, John, Melinda, =
Hannes,=20
  all,</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; It =
seems a=20
  number of issues have got combined here. Here is </FONT><BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  an attempted summary. Let me know if I missed or confused =
something.</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; 1. If the =
originator knows=20
  the route the traffic is taking up </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; to =
the next=20
  peer, it can send the signalling message to the </FONT><BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  right place no problem - there is *no next-peer issue* in =
</FONT><BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; this case. (This could be either because the originator =
is=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; doing traffic engineering, or has =
complete IGP=20
  knowledge, or </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; is telepathic, or =
whatever.) It can=20
  send the signalling </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; message with an ERO =
object or=20
  with what the framework </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; (currently) =
calls=20
  peer-peer addressing; in any case, there is </FONT><BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; *no=20
  problem*.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; </FONT><BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; 2. If you=20
  are in the fortunate position of knowing all nodes </FONT><BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; are NSIS-signalling capable, there is also *no next-peer =

  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; issue* in this case. This is analogous =
to the IGP=20
  case. You </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; know the signalling peer just =
by=20
  knowing the outgoing IP neighbour.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt;=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; 3. I believe we the NSIS w.g. are also =
(indeed,=20
  primarily???) </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; interested in situations =
where (a)=20
  you are not traffic </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; engineering or =
route pinning=20
  or assuming routing awareness, </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; and (b) =
NTLP or=20
  indeed NSLP peers are far apart in IP terms. </FONT><BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; This=20
  is where the next-peer issue arises. And where, as </FONT><BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; Hannes points out, you also need to worry about the =
patherr=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; messages in the other direction posing =
a security=20
  threat.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; =
[that's why=20
  you need security specialists - they always give </FONT><BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  the threat knife that one extra twist...]</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; Is this accurate? </FONT><BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; Robert H.</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; =
-----Original=20
  Message-----</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; From: Hannes =
Tschofenig [<A=20
  =
href=3D"mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com">mailto:Hannes.Tschofenig@si=
emens.com</A>]</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; Sent: 27 November 2002 15:25</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; To: Ping Pan; sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; Cc: Hancock, Robert; Kuntal Chowdhury; =
nsis@ietf.org</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; Subject: RE: [NSIS] next peer issue in=20
  rsvp-sec</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT><BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; &gt;=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; hi ping</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; &gt;=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; referring to the security of =
rsvp-te and=20
  mpls in particular</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; is =
unfortunately</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; not very helpful. the way rsvp-te (and =
mpls) works=20
  is </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; different to rsvp (or</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; a generic signaling protocol) in general. hence you =
could=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; basically use</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; anything and it would work (in the worst case you can blame =
the</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; administrator for a bad network =
configuration). i=20
  would argue </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; that in case</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; of interdomain signaling everything is much easier =
compared=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; to end-to-end. i</FONT> <BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; bet that there are a few people who believe that =
you do not=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; need to secure</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; intra-domain signaling messages.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; =
&gt;=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; i, however, think that there is a =
deployment=20
  problem for rsvp</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; since you</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; cannot assume that every router is an rsvp aware. =
(and we=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; want to skip the</FONT> <BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; policy issues, the missing key management and other =
things=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; for the moment).</FONT> <BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; hence i believe that the issues raised here are not =
only=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; imagination.</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; &gt;=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; consider a case where rsvp =
signaling=20
  messages are interpreted</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; only at =
the</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; access networks and are treated =
transparently in=20
  the core </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; network (because</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; of overprovisioning, diffserv clouds, etc.). would =
you as an=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; access network</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; service provider be willing to make a qos reservation or some=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; processig</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; &gt;=20
  without having these signaling message to be properly secured?</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; sender-initiated messages and proxy =
operation would=20
  make the </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; situation more</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; difficult.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; =
</FONT><BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; i have two questions regarding igp:</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; - how are =
messages=20
  delivered between two nodes? (transport</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; =
&gt;=20
  protocol/addressing)</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; - how does =
one node=20
  learn to which other node to send the message? </FONT><BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; (discovery mechanism)</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; =
</FONT><BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; ciao</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; =
hannes</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; =
</FONT><BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; -----Original Message-----</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; &gt; From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [<A=20
  =
href=3D"mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org">mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org</A>]On</FO=
NT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; Behalf Of Ping</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; &gt;=20
  &gt; Pan</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Sent: Wednesday, =
November 27,=20
  2002 9:45 AM</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; To:=20
  sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; =
Cc:=20
  Hancock, Robert; Kuntal Chowdhury; nsis@ietf.org</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; &gt; Subject: Re: [NSIS] next peer issue in rsvp-sec</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; =
&gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; I thought ERO was invented for traffic =
engineering. Why=20
  is</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; it relevant</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; &gt; to security?</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; This entire RSVP security thread sounds fishy =
to me.=20
  RSVP is no </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; different than =
IGP, where=20
  control messages are passed </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; hop-by-hop. =
If=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; people are happy with how =
routing=20
  protocols are handling </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; with their=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; security issues (MD5 and what =
not),=20
  then RSVP should just</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; adapt the =
same</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; mechanism. I know some people are =
not happy=20
  with routing</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; security in =
the</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; first place, then maybe this entire =
protocol=20
  security issue</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; should be</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; considered else where.</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; &gt;=20
  &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; Finally, I am just =
curious about=20
  where this NSIS protocol </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; would get=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; deployed to have this =
security problem.=20
  In the backbone,</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; RSVP-TE =
seems</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; to be fine as it is. I wonder if =
this is=20
  designed for </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; mobile users.</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; =
Thanks!</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; =
&gt; -=20
  Ping</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; &gt;=20
  &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; =
sven.van_den_bosch@alcatel.be=20
  wrote:</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Hi Robert, =
Kuntal,=20
  all,</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; &gt; &gt; I interpreted the ERO comment as follows: The fact =
that</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; the security</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;=20
  &gt; association is now wrong results from the route change. The =
ERO</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; is a way to</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; &gt;=20
  &gt; &gt; pin the route to what it originally was and thus prevents =
the</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; route change.</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; &gt; &gt; This means that the security association will be the=20
  correct</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; one. What do</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; you think?</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; =
&gt; &gt;=20
  &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Cheers,</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Sven.</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; =
&gt;=20
  &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; =
&gt;=20
  "Hancock, Robert" &lt;robert.hancock@roke.co.uk&gt;@ietf.org on</FONT> =

  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; 27/11/2002</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; =
&gt; &gt;=20
  &gt; 00:50:26</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Sent by:&nbsp; nsis-admin@ietf.org</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; =
&gt;</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; To:&nbsp;&nbsp; Kuntal =
Chowdhury=20
  &lt;chowdury@nortelnetworks.com&gt;, </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; =
&gt;=20
  nsis@ietf.org</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; cc:</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Subject:&nbsp; RE: [NSIS] next peer issue =
in=20
  rsvp-sec</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; =
&gt;</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Hi,</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; &gt;=20
  &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; I&nbsp; don't =
believe=20
  that the ERO is relevant here. The issue</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; &gt;=20
  isn't that the</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; =
messages&nbsp; get=20
  sent to the wrong next peer (which the ERO would</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; &gt; fix, albeit</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; =
in&nbsp; a=20
  somewhat overweight way), it's that they are sent to the</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; right next</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; =
&gt; &gt;=20
  peer, but with the wrong security association, because</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; the source didn't</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; =
&gt; &gt; &gt;=20
  know&nbsp; the next peer had changed. So this is essentially an</FONT> =

  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; issue of how to</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; &gt; &gt; discover&nbsp; and react to route changes. (At least I =
think=20
  so.)</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; &gt; &gt; Cheers,</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; =
&gt;</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Robert&nbsp; H.</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; -----Original Message-----</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; From: Kuntal Chowdhury&nbsp; [<A=20
  =
href=3D"mailto:chowdury@nortelnetworks.com">mailto:chowdury@nortelnetwork=
s.com</A>]</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Sent: 26 November 2002&nbsp; =
17:55</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; To: nsis@ietf.org</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Subject: [NSIS] next peer issue in&nbsp;=20
  rsvp-sec</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> =
<BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; =
&gt;</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt; Hi all,</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt; &gt;=20
  &gt; &gt; I think the Next Peer issue&nbsp; highlighted in the =
RSVP</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; Security Properties</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; &gt; &gt; slide</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;=20
  </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; (<A=20
  href=3D"http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Proper" =

  =
target=3D_blank>http://www-nrc.nokia.com/sua/nsis/ietf55/RSVP-Security-Pr=
oper</A></FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; ties.ppt)</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; =
&gt; can be=20
  solved by adding an ERO (EXPLICIT_ROUTE object)&nbsp; in the =
</FONT><BR><FONT=20
  size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; RSVP-PATH message. Of course the =
intervening&nbsp;=20
  network needs to </FONT><BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt; understand =
ERO.</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; =
&gt;=20
  -Kuntal</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT =
size=3D2>&gt;=20
  &gt; &gt;</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; &gt;=20
  _______________________________________________</FONT> <BR><FONT =
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_______________________________________________</FONT>=20
  <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; &gt; nsis mailing list</FONT> <BR><FONT =
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  nsis mailing list</FONT> <BR><FONT size=3D2>&gt; nsis@ietf.org</FONT> =
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From: "Hannes Tschofenig" <Hannes.Tschofenig@siemens.com>
To: "Kuntal Chowdhury" <chowdury@nortelnetworks.com>,
        "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>, <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] attempted summary of next-peer issue (was: RE: next peer issue in rsvp-sec)
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hi kuntal

it is true that the charter says nothing like "explicit route capability is
beyond
the scope of NSIS". i guess that we can all agree that things typically used
in traffic engineered networks are very special cases. hence it is fair to
say that we cannot assume this behavior for all signaling
applications/scenarios.

can you agree with me?

ciao
hannes

-----Original Message-----
From: nsis-admin@ietf.org [mailto:nsis-admin@ietf.org]On Behalf Of Kuntal
Chowdhury
Sent: Wednesday, November 27, 2002 11:13 PM
To: Hancock, Robert; nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] attempted summary of next-peer issue (was: RE: next peer
issue in rsvp-sec)


Hi Robert,
I think point 3 is important to note. I don't see anything in the
w.g. charter that says "explicit route" capability is beyond
the scope of NSIS.
Section 4.1, assumption 5 and 6 in draft-ietf-nsis-req-05.txt has some
relevant texts on this subject:
"
5. We assume that there are means for the discovery of NSIS entities
   in order to know the signaling peers (solutions include static
   configuration, automatically discovered, or implicitly runs over the
   right nodes, etc.) The discovery of the NSIS entities has security
   implications that need to be addressed properly. These implications
   largely depend on the chosen protocol. For some security mechanisms
   (i.e. Kerberos, pre-shared secret) it is required to know the
   identity of the other entity. Hence the discovery mechanism may
   provide means to learn this identity, which is then later used to
   retrieve the required keys and parameters.

   6. NSIS assumes to operate with networks using standard ("normal")
   L3 routing. Where "normal" is not specified more exactly on purpose.
"
I think assumption 5 is unclear as what "automatic discovery" really means.
However I think assumption 6 is (implicitly) in-line with your point 3.
Although not explicitly mentioned in the nsis-req draft, I guess the general
assumption in the w.g. is to only discuss issues with peers that are beyond
reach of IGP and nodes that can only do plain IP routing. In short, no
"explicit
routing".
Thanks for the summary.
Regards,
Kuntal

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