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From: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
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To: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>,
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Subject: RE: [NSIS] mobility-related requirements from nsis-req-08
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> 1. The identifier that should not change during mobilily (if there is
> one) is called the Session Identifier, while its detailed structure is
> still open.
> [reh] this is my view. designing it is an NTLP design matter (i.e.
> the framework at least will not comment further on it). i think this
> is generally agreed so far as it goes.
>

Yes, I think it is even a design requirement in the req draft.

> 2. The flow identifier is the low level identifier that is used to
> acutally route the packet at the NTLP level, its structure could contain
> IP 5-tuple, IPv6 flow label, or related IP fields.
> [reh] this is also my view. the precise definition is 'it has to contain
> whatever fields that are used by routers to route packets'. discussion
> post-Vienna on the mailing list implies to me that this is also generally
> agreed.

I think it is agreed not seen any objection.

 Marcus


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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Reliable Transport for NTLP
Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2003 05:30:09 +0300
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Hi R=FCdiger,

> As I mentioned in another mail, I think reliablbe transport isn't =
required=20
> if there's a "low" amount of signaling to be processed. If NSIS will =
be=20
> designed to prevent a "high" signaling load in backbones, I guess I=20
> won't have a problem. Besides RSVP TE (and DiffServ aware TE) there's =
also=20
> RFC 3175 ( aggregated RSVP). Both aim on rather stable state in the=20
> backbone by flow aggregation.=20

So, what I suspect what you are saying, that in the presences of =
multiple
different NLSPs between two NSIS peers, aggregation is needed.  Flows
which are aggregated should be congestion-friendly, etc.  I think that
this is the direction which Henning aiming for with NTLP.

John

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Subject: RE: [NSIS] Reliable Transport for NTLP
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Hi Robert,

> However, even if we agree that a signalling application
> needing reliability needs it between (say) adjacent NSLP
> peers rather than simply end-to-end, there is still the=20
> question of which layer it should be provided at (NTLP
> or within each application).

The question could be put another another way, can a NSLP=20
'reliably' rely on a multi-hop NTLP providing reliability?
Will an NSLP need to augment NTLP-layer reliability with
reliability at the NSLP layer (such as explicit acks,=20
retransmission timers, etc)?

John

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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
To: "'john.loughney@nokia.com'" <john.loughney@nokia.com>, hgs@cs.columbia.edu,
        attila.bader@ericsson.com
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Reliable Transport for NTLP
Date: Thu, 7 Aug 2003 09:57:21 +0100 
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john,

even between two adjacent NSLP peers, there are really two questions
(which are nearly independent):

1. what's the best layer to provide a guarantee that a message has
got from one to the other.

2. what's the best layer to detect and recover from a message loss
within the network.

i'm still finishing off my reliability analysis draft at the moment.
but my current feeling is that there are really at least two aspects
to reliability
- making sure the message arrives in the face of congestion, corruption
and so on, and retransmitting rapidly if not (the NTLP is best place to
do this but intermediate NTLP-only nodes shouldn't take part in
the process)
- making sure that a message has been processed and acted on correctly,
and this has to be an NSLP responsibility.

and, overall reliability at the 'e2e' level, e.g. between source and
destination, has to be an NSLP responsibility also (e.g. our QoS-NSLP 
had a confirmation request object for this purpose).

r.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
> Sent: Thursday, August 07, 2003 03:30
> To: Hancock, Robert; hgs@cs.columbia.edu; attila.bader@ericsson.com
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Reliable Transport for NTLP
> 
> 
> Hi Robert,
> 
> > However, even if we agree that a signalling application
> > needing reliability needs it between (say) adjacent NSLP
> > peers rather than simply end-to-end, there is still the 
> > question of which layer it should be provided at (NTLP
> > or within each application).
> 
> The question could be put another another way, can a NSLP 
> 'reliably' rely on a multi-hop NTLP providing reliability?
> Will an NSLP need to augment NTLP-layer reliability with
> reliability at the NSLP layer (such as explicit acks, 
> retransmission timers, etc)?
> 
> John
> 

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I see these as complementary. End-to-end reliability is good for dealing 
with node failures, for example, which are relatively rare and have 
longer time constants for discovery. In many cases, softstate 
'reliability' (on the order of 30s) should do the trick there.

john.loughney@nokia.com wrote:

> Hi Robert,
> 
> 
>>However, even if we agree that a signalling application
>>needing reliability needs it between (say) adjacent NSLP
>>peers rather than simply end-to-end, there is still the 
>>question of which layer it should be provided at (NTLP
>>or within each application).
> 
> 
> The question could be put another another way, can a NSLP 
> 'reliably' rely on a multi-hop NTLP providing reliability?
> Will an NSLP need to augment NTLP-layer reliability with
> reliability at the NSLP layer (such as explicit acks, 
> retransmission timers, etc)?
> 
> John


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Date: Mon, 11 Aug 2003 15:43:44 +0200
From: Xiaoming Fu <fu@cs.uni-goettingen.de>
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Robert,

Sorry for the delay in answering your mail - I just came back from a few 
days of vocation. Some comments inline:

Hancock, Robert wrote:
> hi xiaoming,
> 
(snip)
> [reh] the fundamental question is: how are the data packets themselves
> being routed? whatever is making them follow the route they follow
> should be invoked to make the signalling packets follow the same route.
> (*how* to make that invocation is another issue; one approach is to
> make the signalling packets look like data packets, another is to 
> make the nodes which do some forwarding which is not-purely-IP-DA
> NSIS-aware and have them route signalling packets at the NTLP level
> on the flow-id directly. see numerous other emails on that subject.)
> 
> [if the data packets are being routed on something other than 3/5 tuple
> and possibly routing header, I suspect we are in deep trouble.]

I totally agree with you that signaling packets should follow exactly 
the same route as data packets (I believe this is part of the NSIS 
requirements regarding mobility and any other things). Now let's go to 
the problem of "how the data packets are routed in mobile IP?" and look 
at CN-->MN in basic Mobile IPv6 protocol first:

- For Mobile IP without route optimization: the data packets will stay 
as normal IP packets (src: CN, dst: HoAddress) before arriving at the 
HA. The HA uses IP-in-IP encapsulation to assemble these packets towards 
the MN's CoA, i.e., the tunnel entry is HA address and the tunnel exit 
is MN's CoA. In the MN, CoA --> HoA is done inside OS. To route these 
data packets, per Melina's NTLP proposal we may have to rely on 
NTLP-in-NTLP tunnel while according to Henning's NTLP proposal, we can 
add some functionalities to NTLP (in this case, for basic Mobile IPv6, 
routing per flow-id works.)

- For Mobile IP with route optimization: very unfortunately, the data 
packets will be destinated to CoA but with a routing header (containing 
MN's HoA). As the CoA can still be seen from the IP normal header, we 
probably don't need special care to routing header, if CoA is used to 
route signaling packets.

Second, may we look at MN-->CN in basic Mobile IPv6 protocol:

- For Mobile IP without reverse tunnel: the data packets will be 
assembled as IP packets with a home address option. We only need CN's 
address to route these packets, not a problem for both proposals.

- For Mobile IP with reverse tunnel: the data packets sent by the MN 
will be encapsulated within a tunnel (entry CoA, exit HA address), with 
the original IP packets destined to CN. In order to address signaling 
packets inside this tunnel, we may either add another NTLP object which 
is similar to SESSION_ASSOC in RFC2746 and map the SESSION object into 
tunnel object (for Melinda's NTLP proposal), or rely on a 
discovery/routing component which locates in NTLP (for Henning's NTLP 
proposal), let it be aware of tunnel entry and exit and determine which 
next NTLP hop to go.

Third, let's go to a bit more complicated case - fast handover and hmipv6:

- As my draft states, these LMM proposals add one or two tunnels in the 
path where data packets traverse in basic Mobile IP. It becomes 
problematic if we re-apply RFC2746 every time when a data packet goes 
into a tunnel (and exits) - imagine how things work if we handle 2+ 
levels of tunnels each by a SESSION_ASSOC object and mapping between 
SESSION <--> tunnel SESSION object (each level the same object type? yet 
another new type for another level?). In this case, Henning's NTLP 
proposal seems to be more appealing, - if we even need to signal into 
such tunnels. On the other hand, I think this holds as long as QoS NSLP 
  demands - Hemant's draft "Requirements of a QoS Solution for Mobile 
IP" states "QoS mechanism for Mobile IP SHOULD have provisions to handle 
such heterogeneity as regards the QoS mechanisms deployed along 
different packet paths. ... A QoS mechanism SHOULD be able to support 
QoS along the different potential packet paths. "

In a short summary:
- 3/5-tuple flow-id could be insufficient to address NTLP messages; some 
additional views are needed for mobility scenarios.
- Mobility is more about an NTLP issue, not only an NSLP issue (although 
NSLP might be necessary to be aware of mobility).

Cheers,
Xiaoming


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To: Loughney <john.loughney@nokia.com>, Allison Mankin <mankin@isi.edu>
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John, Allison,

I have a new version of the requirements submitted 
(draft-ietf-nsis-req-09.txt). The comments from Harald and Steve have been 
addressed (see below for the difference between the 08 and 09 of the draft.

Marcus

Section 5 (Harald's comment #1)

OLD

5 Requirements

This section defines more detailed requirements for a signaling solution, 
respecting the framework, scoping assumptions, and terminology considered 
earlier. The requirements are in subsections, grouped roughly according to 
general technical aspects: architecture and design goals, topology issues, 
parameters, performance, security, information, and flexibility.

Two general (and potentially contradictory) goals for the solution are that 
it should be applicable in a very wide range of scenarios, and at the same 
time lightweight in implementation complexity and resource consumption 
requirements in NSIS Entities. One approach to this is that the solution 
could deal with certain requirements via modular components or 
capabilities, which are optional to implement or use in individual nodes.

In order to prioritize the various requirements we informally define 
different 'parts of the network'. In the different parts of the network a 
particular requirement might have a different priority.

The parts of the networks we differentiate are the host-to-first router, 
the access network, and the core network. The host to first router part 
includes all the layer 2 technologies to access to the Internet. This part 
of the division is especially informal and may incorporate several access 
segments. In many cases, there is an application and/or user running on the 
host initiating signaling. The access network can be characterized by low 
capacity links, medium speed IP processing capabilities, and it might 
consist of a complete layer 2 network as well. The core network 
characteristics include high-speed forwarding capacities and inter-domain 
issues. These divisions between network types are not strict and do not 
appear in all networks, but where they do exist they may influence 
signaling requirements and will be highlighted as necessary.

NEW

5 Requirements

This section defines more detailed requirements for a signaling solution, 
respecting the framework, scoping assumptions, and terminology considered 
earlier. The requirements are in subsections, grouped roughly according to 
general technical aspects: architecture and design goals, topology issues, 
parameters, performance, security, information, and flexibility.

Two general (and potentially contradictory) goals for the solution are that 
it should be applicable in a very wide range of scenarios, and at the same 
time lightweight in implementation complexity and resource consumption 
requirements in NSIS Entities. We use the terms 'access' and 'core' 
informally in the discussion of some particular requirements to refer to 
deployment conditions where particular protocol attributes, especially 
performance characteristics, have special importance. Specifically, 
'access' refers to lower capacity networks and fewer users and sessions. 
'Core' refers to high capacity networks with a large number of users and 
sessions.

One approach to this is that the solution could deal with certain 
requirements via modular components or capabilities, which are optional to 
implement or use in individual nodes.

====================================================
Req 5.5.1 Scalability (Harald's comment #2)

NEW added the following paragraph at the end of req 5.5.1

Specifically, NSIS MUST work in Internet scale deployments, where the use 
of signaling by hosts becomes universal. Note that requirement 5.2.4 
requires the functionality of transparently signal through networks without 
interpretation. Additionally, requirement 5.6.1 lists the capability to 
aggregate. Furthermore, requirement 5.5.4 states that NSIS should be able 
to constrain the load on devices. Basically, the performance of the 
signaling MUST degrade gracefully rather than catastrophically under 
overload conditions.

============================
section 3, last paragraph (Steve Bellovin comment #1)

OLD
5. We can see the network at the level of domains/subdomains rather than 
individual routers (except in the special case that the domain contains one 
link). Domains are assumed to be administrative entities, so security 
requirements apply to the signaling between them.

NEW
5. We can see the network at the level of domains/subdomains rather than 
individual routers (except in the special case that the domain contains one 
link). Domains are assumed to be administrative entities. So security 
requirements might apply differently for the signaling between the domains 
and within a domain. Both cases we deal with in this document.

============================
Requirement 5.7.8 (Steve Bellovin comment #2)

OLD

5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages

Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes participating in 
the signaling protocol an adversary may learn both the identities and the 
content of the signaling messages. To prevent this from happening, 
confidentiality of the signaling message in a hop-by-hop manner MAY be 
provided. Note that the protection can be provided on a hop-by-hop basis 
for most message payloads since it is required that entities which actively 
participating in the signaling protocol must be able to read and eventually 
modify the content of the signaling messages.

NEW

5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages

Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes participating in 
the signaling protocol an adversary may learn both the identities and the 
content of the signaling messages. Since the ability to listen to signaling 
channels is a major guide to what data channels are interesting ones.

To prevent this from happening, confidentiality of the signaling message in 
a hop-by-hop manner SHOULD be provided. Note that most messages must be 
protected on a hop-by-hop basis, since entities, which actively participate 
in the signaling protocol, must be able to read and eventually modify the 
signaling messages.


--------------------------------------
Marcus Brunner
Network Laboratories
NEC Europe Ltd.

E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
Mobile: +49 (0) 163 275 17 43
personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus





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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Next Steps in Signaling Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Requirements for Signaling Protocols
	Author(s)	: M. Brunner
	Filename	: draft-ietf-nsis-req-09.txt
	Pages		: 36
	Date		: 2003-8-12
	
This document defines requirements for signaling across different 
network environments, such as across administrative and/or 
technology domains. Signaling is mainly considered for Quality of 
Service such as The Resource Reservation Protocol, however in recent 
years several other applications of signaling have been defined such 
as signaling for label distribution in Multiprotocol Label Switching 
or signaling to middleboxes. To achieve wide applicability of the 
requirements, the starting point is a diverse set of scenarios/use 
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interactions. This document presents the assumptions before listing 
the requirements.  The requirements are grouped according to areas 
such as architecture and design goals, signaling flows, layering, 
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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Tue Aug 12 18:26:29 2003
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dear all,

we've had multiple inconclusive discussions on reliability
requirements for the NTLP in the recent and distant past.

i've tried to summarise them and provide some additional
factoids for consideration in an i-d. while the i-d editor
processes it, you can find it at
http://sigcomp.srmr.co.uk/~reh/draft-hancock-nsis-reliability-00.txt

my conclusions from all this are:

                             ...it is appropriate for the NTLP 
   to provide a reliable message delivery service, which would be 
   optional for signaling applications to use. The role of such a 
   service would be limited to ensuring rapid delivery of messages to 
   the nodes where they are to be processed in signaling applications, 
   and not to provide any application-layer state synchronization 
   service or hard-state support. Such a reliability service should if 
   possible be implemented in a way which can be transparent to 
   intermediate NSIS nodes which don't take part in the signaling 
   application; it will probably require congestion control in the NTLP 
   as a consequence. 

If you disagree with this conclusion, take a look at the draft and 
tell me why. Apart from congestion control (a closely related subject),
I regard this as the single major outstanding technical issue with the
framework, and would like to see how we can finish off that discussion
during August and early September (if that's possible).

cheers,

robert h.

No doubt, people will complain that this draft is too long (there's
about 14 pages of argument + a pile of references). On the other
hand, people have also complained that the argument about reliability
has not really been made (despite > 200 emails on the subject), and
have also asked for 'details not handwaving'. Well, here goes.

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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Aug 13 01:41:31 2003
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Hi,

(trying to follow up this thread and give short comments below:)

Hancock, Robert wrote:
> 
(snip)
> [reh] your draft is certainly the one referred to, i have seen the
> same idea since in other places. the key distinction is
> whether the stable identifier is only in the control plane, and 
> you accept an update (probably end to end as well) in the data plane;
> or whether you attempt to put a stable identifier in the data plane 
> itself. You could try to use the HA (or something else) in either 
> place as part of the stable identifier, but the main point of the 
> above distinction is to claim that the second is impossible for
> fairly fundamental reasons.

My understanding is also that a seperation of control and data planes is 
of particular importance for NSIS.

(snip..)

> 3. The association of the two (layer split functionality, etc.) is still
> open.
> [reh] basically, yes. My current proposal is that the framework will
> explain the implications of the open-ness of this, but that the details
> will be worked out in 'later activities', i.e. individual mobility
> analysis work. The only thing I will assert is that the association
> machinery is in the NSLP rather than the NTLP - but we still don't
> really know what that machinery is.

I like your idea of keeping the open-ness of this. To sum up, it looks 
to me that mobility, even basic Mobile IP or Mobile IPv6, brings 
troubles in three main aspects: 1) change of end host address (CoA), 2) 
change of routing (in mobility agent and/or end hosts), while a 
"cross-over router" is actually the first NSIS hop where two routes 
diverges and needs to be discoverd correctly, 3) IP-in-IP encapsulation 
in the data path. 1) and 2) - already introduce various challenges - 
have been explored in many docs, while IMO the addition of 3) also 
contributes to the reasons why today's RSVP has not been extended by the 
IETF for operations in mobility scenarios. Probably we need to look at 
exact implications for NSLP/NTLP seperation in "later activities" (to 
which I am looking forward).

> 
> I think the framework draft already contains very good descriptions of
> the two IDs, but it would be helpful to document explicitly what are
> still open issues, either in that draft or somewhere else. 
> [reh] i hope this reply goes some way in that direction.

Thanks for your nice elaboration and hope this discussion helps for the 
next.

Cheers,
Xiaoming


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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Wed Aug 13 02:20:28 2003
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Hi Sung-Hyuck,

Some comments inline:

Sung-Hyuck Lee wrote:
> Hi, John, Fu, and all,
>  
> I think we need to clearly re-define how nsis(ntlp/nslp) should operate 
> with mobility and what is in-scope about mobility.

I think current NSIS charter is quite clear; we need to work with
various mobility protocols but not doing the same work in mobility
signaling.

> The NSIS is clearly different from mobility signaling, but the NSIS 
> should cooperate with mobility signaling to support seamless
> QoS service (e.g., pre-resource reservation) in IP-based radio access 
> network. In this case, the NSIS should be independent
> of any specific MIP signaling, but sometimes a mobility signaling can 
> initiate the nsis signaling (e.g, to support reservation
> during the specific time)

Here you raise two issues: whether advanced/pre- reservation is
necessary, and which can be mobility triggers for NSIS. I think
generally we are tending to pursue something to be done after mobility
signaling; it might be useful if we look at the basic requirements
imposed by mobility rather than these advanced features in the first
place. In terms of NSIS trigger, I see a routing change in the data path
caused by mobility protocols might be a reasonable source.

Thanks,
Xiaoming

> Regards,
>  
> Sung Hyuck Lee
> --------------t-------------------------------------------
>  > >john.loughney@nokia.com wrote:
>  >>You may like to bring this up at the MIPv6 Signaling and Handoff 
> Optimization BOF on Wednesday, as this sounds somewhat out of scope for 
> NSIS.
>  >Well, I shall have mentioned more clearly, that doing such a 
> characterizing is not going to do MIP signaling at all, but to use the 
> route change _resulting >from_ MIP signaling (what meant by "independent 
> of any specific MIP signaling") and to signaling into IP-in-IP tunnels 
> (what meant by "IP-in-IP >encasulation/tunnel"). My thought was that if 
> NSIS finally needs to work with mobility, this can be necessary in NSIS.
> 
>  >Thanks,
>  >Xiaoming



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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.


	Title		: Reliability Functions in the NSIS Transport Layer 
                          Protocol
	Author(s)	: R. Hancock
	Filename	: draft-hancock-nsis-reliability-00.txt
	Pages		: 23
	Date		: 2003-8-13
	
The Next Steps in Signaling working group is developing a protocol 
suite for signaling information about a data flow along its path in 
the network. The lower layer in the protocol suite, the NSIS 
Transport Layer Protocol (NTLP) is intended to provide a generally 
useful transport service for such signaling messages. 
There is a long-running open question about how much (if at all) the 
NTLP should provide reliable message transport. There is a large 
amount of confusion about what this question even means, let alone 
how to answer it. This document identifies the possible reliability 
requirements for signaling protocols in general, based on past 
evaluations of RSVP and research in soft-state protocol performance. 
It makes a proposal for what kind of reliable transport functionality 
should be supported in the NTLP, and discusses some of the resulting 
impacts and constraints on the NTLP design.

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http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-hancock-nsis-reliability-00.txt

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From: Xiaoming Fu <fu@cs.uni-goettingen.de>
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Subject: Re: [NSIS] Modeling of mobility? (mobility-related issues in framework)
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Hi Sung-Hyuck,

>>> I think we need to clearly re-define how nsis(ntlp/nslp) should
>>> operate with mobility and what is in-scope about mobility.
>> 
>> I think current NSIS charter is quite clear; we need to work with 
>> various mobility protocols but not doing the same work in mobility 
>> signaling.
> 
> [shl] You're right for NSIS charter, but I guess it's not clear HOW
> NSIS SHOULD WORK WITH MOBILITY PROTOCOL. For example, (as you know)
> how to cooperate context transfer before or during handover (see
> requirement doc. 5.9.5 and framework doc 5.2.5), how to triger NSIS
> (NTLP) after handover, how to distinct a Crossover Node (CN) (how to
> ferret the CN with session ID, Flow ID and Mobility object clearly),
> etc. As Robert was mentioned in the Vienna meeting, we also need more
> pictures considering mobility (needing discussion). However, I wonder
> which pictures with mobility Robert considers in the FW doc.

If I understand Robert correctly, framework is the place to talk what 
are the building blocks & the way to link those blocks together, but HOW 
each block works internally is up to further analysis & design.

> BTW, Seamboy working group was closed now, so (according to James )
> the related issues will be deal with Mobility Research Group in IRTF.
> I think the Seamoby WG-related sentences in section 5.2.5 of
> framework doc will be need modification (although minor parts).
 >
> [shl]  In Interaction with seamless handover protocols, CT and CARD
> occur during handover or before handover,  how does NSIS work with these > protocols?

While the focus of NSIS is on-path signaling, I agree with you that 
working with SEAMOBY CT (as current charter suggests) needs more 
thoughts, :-)

Cheers,
Xiaoming


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Hi Marcus,

Thanks for updating the document.  I hope the text changes
are sufficient for Harald & Steve.

Allison, as long as there are no objects, can the updated
document be considered at the next IESG call?

thanks,
John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Marcus Brunner [mailto:brunner@ccrle.nec.de]
> Sent: 12 August, 2003 12:33
> To: Loughney John (NRC/Helsinki); Allison Mankin
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org; Harald Tveit Alvestrand; Steve Bellovin
> Subject: New version of Req submitted
>=20
>=20
> John, Allison,
>=20
> I have a new version of the requirements submitted=20
> (draft-ietf-nsis-req-09.txt). The comments from Harald and=20
> Steve have been=20
> addressed (see below for the difference between the 08 and 09=20
> of the draft.
>=20
> Marcus
>=20
> Section 5 (Harald's comment #1)
>=20
> OLD
>=20
> 5 Requirements
>=20
> This section defines more detailed requirements for a=20
> signaling solution,=20
> respecting the framework, scoping assumptions, and=20
> terminology considered=20
> earlier. The requirements are in subsections, grouped roughly=20
> according to=20
> general technical aspects: architecture and design goals,=20
> topology issues,=20
> parameters, performance, security, information, and flexibility.
>=20
> Two general (and potentially contradictory) goals for the=20
> solution are that=20
> it should be applicable in a very wide range of scenarios,=20
> and at the same=20
> time lightweight in implementation complexity and resource=20
> consumption=20
> requirements in NSIS Entities. One approach to this is that=20
> the solution=20
> could deal with certain requirements via modular components or=20
> capabilities, which are optional to implement or use in=20
> individual nodes.
>=20
> In order to prioritize the various requirements we informally define=20
> different 'parts of the network'. In the different parts of=20
> the network a=20
> particular requirement might have a different priority.
>=20
> The parts of the networks we differentiate are the=20
> host-to-first router,=20
> the access network, and the core network. The host to first=20
> router part=20
> includes all the layer 2 technologies to access to the=20
> Internet. This part=20
> of the division is especially informal and may incorporate=20
> several access=20
> segments. In many cases, there is an application and/or user=20
> running on the=20
> host initiating signaling. The access network can be=20
> characterized by low=20
> capacity links, medium speed IP processing capabilities, and it might=20
> consist of a complete layer 2 network as well. The core network=20
> characteristics include high-speed forwarding capacities and=20
> inter-domain=20
> issues. These divisions between network types are not strict=20
> and do not=20
> appear in all networks, but where they do exist they may influence=20
> signaling requirements and will be highlighted as necessary.
>=20
> NEW
>=20
> 5 Requirements
>=20
> This section defines more detailed requirements for a=20
> signaling solution,=20
> respecting the framework, scoping assumptions, and=20
> terminology considered=20
> earlier. The requirements are in subsections, grouped roughly=20
> according to=20
> general technical aspects: architecture and design goals,=20
> topology issues,=20
> parameters, performance, security, information, and flexibility.
>=20
> Two general (and potentially contradictory) goals for the=20
> solution are that=20
> it should be applicable in a very wide range of scenarios,=20
> and at the same=20
> time lightweight in implementation complexity and resource=20
> consumption=20
> requirements in NSIS Entities. We use the terms 'access' and 'core'=20
> informally in the discussion of some particular requirements=20
> to refer to=20
> deployment conditions where particular protocol attributes,=20
> especially=20
> performance characteristics, have special importance. Specifically,=20
> 'access' refers to lower capacity networks and fewer users=20
> and sessions.=20
> 'Core' refers to high capacity networks with a large number=20
> of users and=20
> sessions.
>=20
> One approach to this is that the solution could deal with certain=20
> requirements via modular components or capabilities, which=20
> are optional to=20
> implement or use in individual nodes.
>=20
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D
> Req 5.5.1 Scalability (Harald's comment #2)
>=20
> NEW added the following paragraph at the end of req 5.5.1
>=20
> Specifically, NSIS MUST work in Internet scale deployments,=20
> where the use=20
> of signaling by hosts becomes universal. Note that requirement 5.2.4=20
> requires the functionality of transparently signal through=20
> networks without=20
> interpretation. Additionally, requirement 5.6.1 lists the=20
> capability to=20
> aggregate. Furthermore, requirement 5.5.4 states that NSIS=20
> should be able=20
> to constrain the load on devices. Basically, the performance of the=20
> signaling MUST degrade gracefully rather than catastrophically under=20
> overload conditions.
>=20
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D
> section 3, last paragraph (Steve Bellovin comment #1)
>=20
> OLD
> 5. We can see the network at the level of domains/subdomains=20
> rather than=20
> individual routers (except in the special case that the=20
> domain contains one=20
> link). Domains are assumed to be administrative entities, so security=20
> requirements apply to the signaling between them.
>=20
> NEW
> 5. We can see the network at the level of domains/subdomains=20
> rather than=20
> individual routers (except in the special case that the=20
> domain contains one=20
> link). Domains are assumed to be administrative entities. So security=20
> requirements might apply differently for the signaling=20
> between the domains=20
> and within a domain. Both cases we deal with in this document.
>=20
> =
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D
> Requirement 5.7.8 (Steve Bellovin comment #2)
>=20
> OLD
>=20
> 5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages
>=20
> Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes=20
> participating in=20
> the signaling protocol an adversary may learn both the=20
> identities and the=20
> content of the signaling messages. To prevent this from happening,=20
> confidentiality of the signaling message in a hop-by-hop=20
> manner MAY be=20
> provided. Note that the protection can be provided on a=20
> hop-by-hop basis=20
> for most message payloads since it is required that entities=20
> which actively=20
> participating in the signaling protocol must be able to read=20
> and eventually=20
> modify the content of the signaling messages.
>=20
> NEW
>=20
> 5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages
>=20
> Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes=20
> participating in=20
> the signaling protocol an adversary may learn both the=20
> identities and the=20
> content of the signaling messages. Since the ability to=20
> listen to signaling=20
> channels is a major guide to what data channels are interesting ones.
>=20
> To prevent this from happening, confidentiality of the=20
> signaling message in=20
> a hop-by-hop manner SHOULD be provided. Note that most=20
> messages must be=20
> protected on a hop-by-hop basis, since entities, which=20
> actively participate=20
> in the signaling protocol, must be able to read and=20
> eventually modify the=20
> signaling messages.
>=20
>=20
> --------------------------------------
> Marcus Brunner
> Network Laboratories
> NEC Europe Ltd.
>=20
> E-Mail: brunner@ccrle.nec.de
> WWW:    http://www.ccrle.nec.de/
> Phone: +49 (0) 6221 905 11 29
> Mobile: +49 (0) 163 275 17 43
> personal home page: http://www.brubers.org/marcus
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20

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Date: Fri, 15 Aug 2003 06:36:46 -0700
From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>
To: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>, Loughney <john.loughney@nokia.com>,
        Allison Mankin <mankin@isi.edu>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org, Steve Bellovin <smb@research.att.com>
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Subject: [NSIS] Re: New version of NSIS Req submitted
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Marcus,
thanks!

--On 12. august 2003 11:33 +0200 Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de> 
wrote:

> John, Allison,
>
> I have a new version of the requirements submitted
> (draft-ietf-nsis-req-09.txt). The comments from Harald and Steve have
> been addressed (see below for the difference between the 08 and 09 of the
> draft.
>
> Marcus
>
> Section 5 (Harald's comment #1)
>
> OLD
>
> 5 Requirements
>
> This section defines more detailed requirements for a signaling solution,
> respecting the framework, scoping assumptions, and terminology considered
> earlier. The requirements are in subsections, grouped roughly according
> to general technical aspects: architecture and design goals, topology
> issues, parameters, performance, security, information, and flexibility.
>
> Two general (and potentially contradictory) goals for the solution are
> that it should be applicable in a very wide range of scenarios, and at
> the same time lightweight in implementation complexity and resource
> consumption requirements in NSIS Entities. One approach to this is that
> the solution could deal with certain requirements via modular components
> or capabilities, which are optional to implement or use in individual
> nodes.
>
> In order to prioritize the various requirements we informally define
> different 'parts of the network'. In the different parts of the network a
> particular requirement might have a different priority.
>
> The parts of the networks we differentiate are the host-to-first router,
> the access network, and the core network. The host to first router part
> includes all the layer 2 technologies to access to the Internet. This
> part of the division is especially informal and may incorporate several
> access segments. In many cases, there is an application and/or user
> running on the host initiating signaling. The access network can be
> characterized by low capacity links, medium speed IP processing
> capabilities, and it might consist of a complete layer 2 network as well.
> The core network characteristics include high-speed forwarding capacities
> and inter-domain issues. These divisions between network types are not
> strict and do not appear in all networks, but where they do exist they
> may influence signaling requirements and will be highlighted as necessary.
>
> NEW
>
> 5 Requirements
>
> This section defines more detailed requirements for a signaling solution,
> respecting the framework, scoping assumptions, and terminology considered
> earlier. The requirements are in subsections, grouped roughly according
> to general technical aspects: architecture and design goals, topology
> issues, parameters, performance, security, information, and flexibility.
>
> Two general (and potentially contradictory) goals for the solution are
> that it should be applicable in a very wide range of scenarios, and at
> the same time lightweight in implementation complexity and resource
> consumption requirements in NSIS Entities. We use the terms 'access' and
> 'core' informally in the discussion of some particular requirements to
> refer to deployment conditions where particular protocol attributes,
> especially performance characteristics, have special importance.
> Specifically, 'access' refers to lower capacity networks and fewer users
> and sessions. 'Core' refers to high capacity networks with a large number
> of users and sessions.
>
> One approach to this is that the solution could deal with certain
> requirements via modular components or capabilities, which are optional
> to implement or use in individual nodes.

This one is fine with me. It's now clear that it's an informal definition, 
and the "first hop" thing has entirely gone.
>
> ====================================================
> Req 5.5.1 Scalability (Harald's comment #2)
>
> NEW added the following paragraph at the end of req 5.5.1
>
> Specifically, NSIS MUST work in Internet scale deployments, where the use
> of signaling by hosts becomes universal. Note that requirement 5.2.4
> requires the functionality of transparently signal through networks
> without interpretation. Additionally, requirement 5.6.1 lists the
> capability to aggregate. Furthermore, requirement 5.5.4 states that NSIS
> should be able to constrain the load on devices. Basically, the
> performance of the signaling MUST degrade gracefully rather than
> catastrophically under overload conditions.

This one works for me, too.
>
> ============================
> section 3, last paragraph (Steve Bellovin comment #1)
>
> OLD
> 5. We can see the network at the level of domains/subdomains rather than
> individual routers (except in the special case that the domain contains
> one link). Domains are assumed to be administrative entities, so security
> requirements apply to the signaling between them.
>
> NEW
> 5. We can see the network at the level of domains/subdomains rather than
> individual routers (except in the special case that the domain contains
> one link). Domains are assumed to be administrative entities. So security
> requirements might apply differently for the signaling between the
> domains and within a domain. Both cases we deal with in this document.
>
> ============================
> Requirement 5.7.8 (Steve Bellovin comment #2)
>
> OLD
>
> 5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages
>
> Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes participating
> in the signaling protocol an adversary may learn both the identities and
> the content of the signaling messages. To prevent this from happening,
> confidentiality of the signaling message in a hop-by-hop manner MAY be
> provided. Note that the protection can be provided on a hop-by-hop basis
> for most message payloads since it is required that entities which
> actively participating in the signaling protocol must be able to read and
> eventually modify the content of the signaling messages.
>
> NEW
>
> 5.7.8 Confidentiality of signaling messages
>
> Based on the signaling information exchanged between nodes participating
> in the signaling protocol an adversary may learn both the identities and
> the content of the signaling messages. Since the ability to listen to
> signaling channels is a major guide to what data channels are interesting
> ones.

note: the last sentence does not parse. If you drop "Since", it both parses 
and makes sense (I think). If this is the only problem in -09, it can be 
fixed with an RFC Editor's  note.
>
> To prevent this from happening, confidentiality of the signaling message
> in a hop-by-hop manner SHOULD be provided. Note that most messages must
> be protected on a hop-by-hop basis, since entities, which actively
> participate in the signaling protocol, must be able to read and
> eventually modify the signaling messages.


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From: Vishal Zinjuvadia <vzinjuvadia@yahoo.com>
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Subject: [NSIS] Questions about draft-ietf-nsis-req-09.txt
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I had a few questions regarding the nsis req. draft
and would appreciate any help. 

In the following paragraph from the draft:
    
  "2. Something that assists in managing state further
along the signaling path, the NSIS Forwarder.  
    
   The NSIS Forwarder does not interact with higher
layers, but interacts with the NSIS Initiator, NSIS
Responder, and possibly one or more NSIS Forwarders on
the signaling path, edge-to-edge or end-to-end."
   
  I do not completely understand the necessity of
direct interactions between NSIS Forwarder with NSIS
Initiator and NSIS Responder. For example, in the
following diagram:
  
  A-B-C-D-E-F
    |_____|
       |
     Domain  
     
 Assuming that A and F are NSIS Initiators and
Responders respectively and that B-C-D-E belong to the
same domain and are NSIS Forwarders for a particular
session. Why would C or D need to communicate with
either of A or F. I may be missing something important
here and would really appreciate if someone made it
clear for me.

In the following paragraph from the draft:
    
  "6. NSIS assumes layer 3 routing and the
determination of next data node selection is not done
by NSIS."
   
Would this requirement have to change in any way if we
decide to allow the NSIS Initiator some (partial or
complete) control over the path through which the data
for a particular session must flow?

From the draft:

"  5.1.2 NSIS MUST be designed modularly  
    
   A modular design allows for more lightweight
implementations, if fewer features are needed.
Mutually exclusive solutions are supported. Examples
for modularity: 
      
   - Work over any kind of network (narrowband versus
broadband, error-prone versus reliable, ...). This
implies low bandwidth signaling, and elimination of
redundant information MUST be supported if necessary. 

    
   - State setup for uni- and bi-directional flows is
possible 
       
   - Extensible in the future with different add-ons
for certain environments or scenarios  
    
   - Protocol layering, where appropriate. This means
NSIS MUST provide a base protocol, which can be
adapted to different environments. "

I was particularly impressed with the above
requirement. The requirement for Security is known to
be different in different segments of the network and
IMO is a good candidate as an optional composable
module. If soft-state approach is chosen, refresh
reduction may also be a good candidate since it
depends on the number of sessions for which the NSIS
entity has to preserve state. Moreover any NSIS entity
should be able to dynamically compose its stack of
modules to serve the NSIS protocol. This becomes
apparent in wireless networks where the requirements
for any NSIS entity change dramatically depending on
its position (in the access or core) in the network.
This does not affect the draft's suggestions about
handling handovers since NSIS sessions may have to be
resignalled in such a case anyway.

One question I had was: Would the role of the NSIS
entity (NI,NF,NR) have any affect on what modules
compose its set of features for the NSIS protocol. How
would we handle situation where a single NSIS entity
has multiple roles for multiple sessions that it is a
part of? Running multiple processes might be an
overkill and defeat the whole purpose.

From the draft:

"  5.4.5 Grouping of signaling for several micro-flows
MAY be provided 
    
   NSIS MAY group signaling information for several
micro-flow into one signaling message. The goal of
this is the optimization in terms of setup delay,
which can happen in parallel. This helps applications 
  requesting several flows at once. Also potential
refreshes (in case of a soft state solution) might
profit from grouping.  
       
   However, the network needs not know that a
relationship between the grouped flows exists. There
MUST NOT be any transactional semantic associated with
the grouping. It is only meant for optimization
purposes."

Let us assume that three NSIS sessions exist 1) A (NI)
and G(NR),
2) B(NI) and H (NR) and 3) C(NI) and I(NR)
   
A---+               +---G
    |               |  
B---+---D---E---F---+---H
    |               | 
C---+               +---I

Does the grouping of signaling for micro-flows apply
to this situation. In other words, would D attempt to
group signaling information for the three NSIS
signaling messages it receives from A, B and C?
    
Lastly, there was no mention of prioritization of NSIS
resource requests - for e.g. a NSIS request with
higher priority may terminate an existing NSIS
reservation and make the resources available. Has it
been left out on purpose or covered implicitly
somewhere in the draft?

Thanks for patiently going through the email. I would
appreciate any comments and/or answers to these
questions.

Regards,
Vishal

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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
To: Xiaoming Fu <fu@cs.uni-goettingen.de>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] mobility-related requirements from nsis-req-08
Date: Sun, 17 Aug 2003 23:59:04 +0100
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Hi Xiaoming,

You'll have to forgive me for being dense, but I'm unable to follow your
argument. So far as I can see, all the scenarios and packet flows you 
list can be signalled for correctly and safely using 'ordinary' NSIS 
signalling, possibly supplemented by some special tunnel support. (BTW, 
nobody has ever proposed NTLP-in-NTLP tunneling, so far as I can tell;
I'm not even sure what this would mean.)

Specifically:
*) a route optimised data flow from CN->MN can be treated like any
flow from CNaddr --> MN-CoA (the type 2 routing header can be ignored)
*) a non-reverse tunneled data flow from MN->CN can be treated like any
flow from MN-CoA --> CNaddr (the HoAO can be ignored)
*) non-route-optimised traffic from CN->MN can be treated like any flow
from CNaddr --> MN-HoA, supported by additional signalling from 
HA --> MN-CoA (the HA has to be NSIS aware)
*) reverse tunneled traffic from MN->CN can be treated like any flow from
MN-HoA --> CNaddr, supported by additional signalling from MN-CoA --> HA
(the MN has to run 2 signalling sessions).
*) In the edge tunneling case, traffic and existing signalling messages
will be hidden in a bidirectional tunnel between PARaddr and NARaddr; the ARs
can carry out signalling for that tunnel. In the FMIP6 case, this is just a
single level tunnel, since the ARs only ever see traffic as addressed to
and from the MN-CoA (but in any case, I'm not aware of why multiple levels
of 2746-style tunneling would not work).

It might be helpful if you could say if you think
either: a traditional 2746-like solution really would not work 
(and if so why), 
or: if you think it just would not work very well
(and if so what - in simple terms - you propose in its place.)

Handling an addition signalling session at the tunnel endpoints is clearly
additional work; however, the 2746-like solution can be made very robust
to conditions like the remote endpoint being NSIS-unaware, whereas more
integrated solutions would either have to detect this and fall back to 2746
anyway, or [worse] proceed blind and run the risk of black-holing the end-to-end
signalling. Both those cases strike me as unattractive, given that we will
need to have 2746-like support for many other scenarios anyway.

cheers,

r.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Xiaoming Fu [mailto:fu@cs.uni-goettingen.de]
> Sent: Monday, August 11, 2003 14:44
> To: Hancock, Robert; nsis@ietf.org
> Cc: 'Charles Q. Shen'; 'Paulo Mendes'
> Subject: Re: [NSIS] mobility-related requirements from nsis-req-08
> 
> 
> Robert,
> 
> Sorry for the delay in answering your mail - I just came back 
> from a few 
> days of vocation. Some comments inline:
> 
> Hancock, Robert wrote:
> > hi xiaoming,
> > 
> (snip)
> > [reh] the fundamental question is: how are the data packets 
> themselves
> > being routed? whatever is making them follow the route they follow
> > should be invoked to make the signalling packets follow the 
> same route.
> > (*how* to make that invocation is another issue; one approach is to
> > make the signalling packets look like data packets, another is to 
> > make the nodes which do some forwarding which is not-purely-IP-DA
> > NSIS-aware and have them route signalling packets at the NTLP level
> > on the flow-id directly. see numerous other emails on that subject.)
> > 
> > [if the data packets are being routed on something other 
> than 3/5 tuple
> > and possibly routing header, I suspect we are in deep trouble.]
> 
> I totally agree with you that signaling packets should follow exactly 
> the same route as data packets (I believe this is part of the NSIS 
> requirements regarding mobility and any other things). Now 
> let's go to 
> the problem of "how the data packets are routed in mobile 
> IP?" and look 
> at CN-->MN in basic Mobile IPv6 protocol first:
> 
> - For Mobile IP without route optimization: the data packets 
> will stay 
> as normal IP packets (src: CN, dst: HoAddress) before arriving at the 
> HA. The HA uses IP-in-IP encapsulation to assemble these 
> packets towards 
> the MN's CoA, i.e., the tunnel entry is HA address and the 
> tunnel exit 
> is MN's CoA. In the MN, CoA --> HoA is done inside OS. To route these 
> data packets, per Melina's NTLP proposal we may have to rely on 
> NTLP-in-NTLP tunnel while according to Henning's NTLP 
> proposal, we can 
> add some functionalities to NTLP (in this case, for basic 
> Mobile IPv6, 
> routing per flow-id works.)
> 
> - For Mobile IP with route optimization: very unfortunately, the data 
> packets will be destinated to CoA but with a routing header 
> (containing 
> MN's HoA). As the CoA can still be seen from the IP normal header, we 
> probably don't need special care to routing header, if CoA is used to 
> route signaling packets.
> 
> Second, may we look at MN-->CN in basic Mobile IPv6 protocol:
> 
> - For Mobile IP without reverse tunnel: the data packets will be 
> assembled as IP packets with a home address option. We only need CN's 
> address to route these packets, not a problem for both proposals.
> 
> - For Mobile IP with reverse tunnel: the data packets sent by the MN 
> will be encapsulated within a tunnel (entry CoA, exit HA 
> address), with 
> the original IP packets destined to CN. In order to address signaling 
> packets inside this tunnel, we may either add another NTLP 
> object which 
> is similar to SESSION_ASSOC in RFC2746 and map the SESSION 
> object into 
> tunnel object (for Melinda's NTLP proposal), or rely on a 
> discovery/routing component which locates in NTLP (for Henning's NTLP 
> proposal), let it be aware of tunnel entry and exit and 
> determine which 
> next NTLP hop to go.
> 
> Third, let's go to a bit more complicated case - fast 
> handover and hmipv6:
> 
> - As my draft states, these LMM proposals add one or two 
> tunnels in the 
> path where data packets traverse in basic Mobile IP. It becomes 
> problematic if we re-apply RFC2746 every time when a data packet goes 
> into a tunnel (and exits) - imagine how things work if we handle 2+ 
> levels of tunnels each by a SESSION_ASSOC object and mapping between 
> SESSION <--> tunnel SESSION object (each level the same 
> object type? yet 
> another new type for another level?). In this case, Henning's NTLP 
> proposal seems to be more appealing, - if we even need to signal into 
> such tunnels. On the other hand, I think this holds as long 
> as QoS NSLP 
>   demands - Hemant's draft "Requirements of a QoS Solution for Mobile 
> IP" states "QoS mechanism for Mobile IP SHOULD have 
> provisions to handle 
> such heterogeneity as regards the QoS mechanisms deployed along 
> different packet paths. ... A QoS mechanism SHOULD be able to support 
> QoS along the different potential packet paths. "
> 
> In a short summary:
> - 3/5-tuple flow-id could be insufficient to address NTLP 
> messages; some 
> additional views are needed for mobility scenarios.
> - Mobility is more about an NTLP issue, not only an NSLP 
> issue (although 
> NSLP might be necessary to be aware of mobility).
> 
> Cheers,
> Xiaoming
> 

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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
To: Sung Hycuk Lee <starsu@sait.samsung.co.kr>,
        Xiaoming Fu
	 <fu@cs.uni-goettingen.de>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Modeling of mobility? (mobility-related issues in fram
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Dear Sung-Hyuck, Xiaoming:

Some [more] comments about frameworks scope and mobility.

You are quite right that in the long term, it may be necessary=20
to explain how to use NSIS signalling protocols in particular network
environments. However, we want to be careful not to make the NSIS
protocol designs specific to any particular environments; therefore,
for example, I wouldn't want the framework to discuss 3G networks as
a specific case. We have material in the requirements document to
remind us not to forget about this, but the engineering discussion=20
in the framework should be as general as possible.

The other point is that the framework is supposed to cover *all*
signalling applications in the scope of NSIS, but the correct mobility
handling (taking into account cost tradeoffs, performance benefits) will
be quite dependent on the application in question. For example:
*) for QoS, having parallel reservations on old and new paths has
a cost and should be avoided, but typically doesn't affect the correctnes=
s
of network behaviour (i.e. it's not dangerous);
*) for firewall pinholing, having pinholes open for two paths is a very
low additional cost, but leaving open a pinhole on the old path for an
address that has since be re-assigned could be a disaster.

It's because of issues like this that I don't believe it's possible to=20
give a general statement about 'how signalling should interact with mobil=
ity'.

Therefore, the approach we are currently taking is that the mobility
specific functionality in the lower (general) layer, the NTLP, is limited.
To achieve proper mobility functionality in any particular signalling=20
application, the designers of that application will have to do their own
analysis of how the events and state transitions of that application=20
should interact with events and state transitions of mobility signalling.

(That, incidentally, is analysis that I am very interested in seeing done
and contributing to.)

To summarise:
1) I suspect the sort of detail you are looking for is not currently in t=
he framework
2) I have currently no plans to put it in the framework. Of course, I'm
at the mercy of JL and the rest of the WG on this, and people who think t=
his
approach is misguided should speak up.
3) The analysis definitely has to be done, and I believe it has to be=20
done at the signalling application level.
4) The layer split has been chosen such that (I hope) the results of (3) =
won't
invalidate what the framework actually does say.

Does this address your concerns?

r.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Sung Hycuk Lee [mailto:starsu@sait.samsung.co.kr]
> Sent: Sunday, August 17, 2003 06:23
> To: Xiaoming Fu
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [NSIS] Modeling of mobility? (mobility-related issues in
> framework)
>=20
>=20
>=20
>  Hi Xiaoming,
>=20
> > >>> I think we need to clearly re-define how nsis(ntlp/nslp) should
> > >>> operate with mobility and what is in-scope about mobility.
> > >>=20
> > >> I think current NSIS charter is quite clear; we need to=20
> work with=20
> > >> various mobility protocols but not doing the same work=20
> in mobility=20
> > >> signaling.
> > >=20
> > > [shl] You're right for NSIS charter, but I guess it's not=20
> clear HOW
> > > NSIS SHOULD WORK WITH MOBILITY PROTOCOL. For example, (as=20
> you know)
> > > how to cooperate context transfer before or during handover (see
> > > requirement doc. 5.9.5 and framework doc 5.2.5), how to=20
> triger NSIS
> > > (NTLP) after handover, how to distinct a Crossover Node=20
> (CN) (how to
> > > ferret the CN with session ID, Flow ID and Mobility=20
> object clearly),
> > > etc. As Robert was mentioned in the Vienna meeting, we=20
> also need more
> > > pictures considering mobility (needing discussion).=20
> However, I wonder
> > > which pictures with mobility Robert considers in the FW doc.
> >=20
> > If I understand Robert correctly, framework is the place to=20
> talk what=20
> > are the building blocks & the way to link those blocks=20
> together, but HOW=20
> > each block works internally is up to further analysis & design.
>=20
> [shl] I meant that NSIS WG should clarify the issues related=20
> with mobility in
> Analysis & Design, and I just wondered what Robert's big=20
> picture was in FW document;.
> 3GPP or 3GPP2-related issues (how does NSIS work in 3G?), or=20
> Beyond 3G?=20
>  If you was confused by my writing, I'm sorry that.
>=20
> Regards,
>=20
> Sung-Hyuckz=C8=AC(tm)=A8=A5Sx%S=CBg=B2+"z=D7=E8=AE=08m=B6>?=FF=0C> 0=D6=
'=AD~S=E0=FEf=A2-f=A7=FEX=AC=B6)=DF=A3=F9=EC
>=20

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To: "'Vishal Zinjuvadia'" <vzinjuvadia@yahoo.com>, nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Questions about draft-ietf-nsis-req-09.txt
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i can make some tiny clarifications (maybe):

> I had a few questions regarding the nsis req. draft
> and would appreciate any help. 
> 
> In the following paragraph from the draft:
>     
>   "2. Something that assists in managing state further
> along the signaling path, the NSIS Forwarder.  
>     
>    The NSIS Forwarder does not interact with higher
> layers, but interacts with the NSIS Initiator, NSIS
> Responder, and possibly one or more NSIS Forwarders on
> the signaling path, edge-to-edge or end-to-end."
>    
>   I do not completely understand the necessity of
> direct interactions between NSIS Forwarder with NSIS
> Initiator and NSIS Responder. For example, in the
> following diagram:
>   
>   A-B-C-D-E-F
>     |_____|
>        |
>      Domain  
>      
>  Assuming that A and F are NSIS Initiators and
> Responders respectively and that B-C-D-E belong to the
> same domain and are NSIS Forwarders for a particular
> session. Why would C or D need to communicate with
> either of A or F. I may be missing something important
> here and would really appreciate if someone made it
> clear for me.

[reh] in these cases, the interactions may be with neighbour
NEs only (C talks to B which talks to A). 

> 
> In the following paragraph from the draft:
>     
>   "6. NSIS assumes layer 3 routing and the
> determination of next data node selection is not done
> by NSIS."
>    
> Would this requirement have to change in any way if we
> decide to allow the NSIS Initiator some (partial or
> complete) control over the path through which the data
> for a particular session must flow?

[reh] the node with NI functionality could do this, but
it would not be part of NSIS functionality to specify how.
In other words, there could be node implementations which 
coordinate routing and signalling, but this doesn't alter
the signalling requirement.

> 
> From the draft:
> 
> "  5.1.2 NSIS MUST be designed modularly  
>     
>    A modular design allows for more lightweight
> implementations, if fewer features are needed.
> Mutually exclusive solutions are supported. Examples
> for modularity: 
>       
>    - Work over any kind of network (narrowband versus
> broadband, error-prone versus reliable, ...). This
> implies low bandwidth signaling, and elimination of
> redundant information MUST be supported if necessary. 
> 
>     
>    - State setup for uni- and bi-directional flows is
> possible 
>        
>    - Extensible in the future with different add-ons
> for certain environments or scenarios  
>     
>    - Protocol layering, where appropriate. This means
> NSIS MUST provide a base protocol, which can be
> adapted to different environments. "
> 
> I was particularly impressed with the above
> requirement. The requirement for Security is known to
> be different in different segments of the network and
> IMO is a good candidate as an optional composable
> module. If soft-state approach is chosen, refresh
> reduction may also be a good candidate since it
> depends on the number of sessions for which the NSIS
> entity has to preserve state. Moreover any NSIS entity
> should be able to dynamically compose its stack of
> modules to serve the NSIS protocol. This becomes
> apparent in wireless networks where the requirements
> for any NSIS entity change dramatically depending on
> its position (in the access or core) in the network.
> This does not affect the draft's suggestions about
> handling handovers since NSIS sessions may have to be
> resignalled in such a case anyway.
> 
> One question I had was: Would the role of the NSIS
> entity (NI,NF,NR) have any affect on what modules
> compose its set of features for the NSIS protocol. How
> would we handle situation where a single NSIS entity
> has multiple roles for multiple sessions that it is a
> part of? Running multiple processes might be an
> overkill and defeat the whole purpose.

[reh] I think the answer to the first question in this last
paragraph is 'yes, obviously' and to the second is 'it
is up to the implementor'.

> 
> From the draft:
> 
> "  5.4.5 Grouping of signaling for several micro-flows
> MAY be provided 
>     
>    NSIS MAY group signaling information for several
> micro-flow into one signaling message. The goal of
> this is the optimization in terms of setup delay,
> which can happen in parallel. This helps applications 
>   requesting several flows at once. Also potential
> refreshes (in case of a soft state solution) might
> profit from grouping.  
>        
>    However, the network needs not know that a
> relationship between the grouped flows exists. There
> MUST NOT be any transactional semantic associated with
> the grouping. It is only meant for optimization
> purposes."
> 
> Let us assume that three NSIS sessions exist 1) A (NI)
> and G(NR),
> 2) B(NI) and H (NR) and 3) C(NI) and I(NR)
>    
> A---+               +---G
>     |               |  
> B---+---D---E---F---+---H
>     |               | 
> C---+               +---I
> 
> Does the grouping of signaling for micro-flows apply
> to this situation. In other words, would D attempt to
> group signaling information for the three NSIS
> signaling messages it receives from A, B and C?

[reh] see the framework discussion on bundling. the interpretation in
this example would be 'D could put the messages in the same
packet if it found it convenient to do so' (but whether any
implementation would attempt to do so is another matter). this
is really a protocol design question.

>     
> Lastly, there was no mention of prioritization of NSIS
> resource requests - for e.g. a NSIS request with
> higher priority may terminate an existing NSIS
> reservation and make the resources available. Has it
> been left out on purpose or covered implicitly
> somewhere in the draft?

[reh] this is being discussed as something which can be
achieved within the QoS signalling application protocol. 
the need for the functionality is understood, but currently
it's not clear that there needs to be a direct requirement
on the protocol itself.

> 
> Thanks for patiently going through the email. I would
> appreciate any comments and/or answers to these
> questions.
> 
> Regards,
> Vishal

hope this helps,

r.

> 
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 16:29:24 +0200
From: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
Reply-To: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>
To: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>,
        "'Vishal Zinjuvadia'" <vzinjuvadia@yahoo.com>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Questions about draft-ietf-nsis-req-09.txt
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Vishal,

see comment inline
--On Montag, 18. August 2003 08:49 +0100 "Hancock, Robert" 
<robert.hancock@roke.co.uk> wrote:

> i can make some tiny clarifications (maybe):
>
>> I had a few questions regarding the nsis req. draft
>> and would appreciate any help.
>>
>> In the following paragraph from the draft:
>>
>>   "2. Something that assists in managing state further
>> along the signaling path, the NSIS Forwarder.
>>
>>    The NSIS Forwarder does not interact with higher
>> layers, but interacts with the NSIS Initiator, NSIS
>> Responder, and possibly one or more NSIS Forwarders on
>> the signaling path, edge-to-edge or end-to-end."
>>
>>   I do not completely understand the necessity of
>> direct interactions between NSIS Forwarder with NSIS
>> Initiator and NSIS Responder. For example, in the
>> following diagram:
>>
>>   A-B-C-D-E-F
>>     | _____|
>>        |
>>      Domain
>>
>>  Assuming that A and F are NSIS Initiators and
>> Responders respectively and that B-C-D-E belong to the
>> same domain and are NSIS Forwarders for a particular
>> session. Why would C or D need to communicate with
>> either of A or F. I may be missing something important
>> here and would really appreciate if someone made it
>> clear for me.
>
> [reh] in these cases, the interactions may be with neighbour
> NEs only (C talks to B which talks to A).
>

Here it is going to be very design specific. For example, an error message 
or notification, could be directly send from D to A. But this has some 
security implication we are trying to sort out in the framework draft and 
the NTLP design.

>>
>> In the following paragraph from the draft:
>>
>>   "6. NSIS assumes layer 3 routing and the
>> determination of next data node selection is not done
>> by NSIS."
>>
>> Would this requirement have to change in any way if we
>> decide to allow the NSIS Initiator some (partial or
>> complete) control over the path through which the data
>> for a particular session must flow?
>
> [reh] the node with NI functionality could do this, but
> it would not be part of NSIS functionality to specify how.
> In other words, there could be node implementations which
> coordinate routing and signalling, but this doesn't alter
> the signalling requirement.
>

Basically, the paragraph restricts to path-coupled signaling, where follows 
the data path. With any implementation of tight integration of routing and 
signaling you can achieve any behaviour you want for a limited part of the 
network.

[...]

Marcus



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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Mon Aug 18 11:57:33 2003
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Date: Mon, 18 Aug 2003 08:56:19 -0700 (PDT)
From: Vishal Zinjuvadia <vzinjuvadia@yahoo.com>
Subject: RE: [NSIS] Questions about draft-ietf-nsis-req-09.txt
To: Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de>,
        "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
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Thanks for your answers.
Vishal

--- Marcus Brunner <brunner@ccrle.nec.de> wrote:
> Vishal,
> 
> see comment inline
> --On Montag, 18. August 2003 08:49 +0100 "Hancock,
> Robert" 
> <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk> wrote:
> 
> > i can make some tiny clarifications (maybe):
> >
> >> I had a few questions regarding the nsis req.
> draft
> >> and would appreciate any help.
> >>
> >> In the following paragraph from the draft:
> >>
> >>   "2. Something that assists in managing state
> further
> >> along the signaling path, the NSIS Forwarder.
> >>
> >>    The NSIS Forwarder does not interact with
> higher
> >> layers, but interacts with the NSIS Initiator,
> NSIS
> >> Responder, and possibly one or more NSIS
> Forwarders on
> >> the signaling path, edge-to-edge or end-to-end."
> >>
> >>   I do not completely understand the necessity of
> >> direct interactions between NSIS Forwarder with
> NSIS
> >> Initiator and NSIS Responder. For example, in the
> >> following diagram:
> >>
> >>   A-B-C-D-E-F
> >>     | _____|
> >>        |
> >>      Domain
> >>
> >>  Assuming that A and F are NSIS Initiators and
> >> Responders respectively and that B-C-D-E belong
> to the
> >> same domain and are NSIS Forwarders for a
> particular
> >> session. Why would C or D need to communicate
> with
> >> either of A or F. I may be missing something
> important
> >> here and would really appreciate if someone made
> it
> >> clear for me.
> >
> > [reh] in these cases, the interactions may be with
> neighbour
> > NEs only (C talks to B which talks to A).
> >
> 
> Here it is going to be very design specific. For
> example, an error message 
> or notification, could be directly send from D to A.
> But this has some 
> security implication we are trying to sort out in
> the framework draft and 
> the NTLP design.
> 
> >>
> >> In the following paragraph from the draft:
> >>
> >>   "6. NSIS assumes layer 3 routing and the
> >> determination of next data node selection is not
> done
> >> by NSIS."
> >>
> >> Would this requirement have to change in any way
> if we
> >> decide to allow the NSIS Initiator some (partial
> or
> >> complete) control over the path through which the
> data
> >> for a particular session must flow?
> >
> > [reh] the node with NI functionality could do
> this, but
> > it would not be part of NSIS functionality to
> specify how.
> > In other words, there could be node
> implementations which
> > coordinate routing and signalling, but this
> doesn't alter
> > the signalling requirement.
> >
> 
> Basically, the paragraph restricts to path-coupled
> signaling, where follows 
> the data path. With any implementation of tight
> integration of routing and 
> signaling you can achieve any behaviour you want for
> a limited part of the 
> network.
> 
> [...]
> 
> Marcus
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> nsis mailing list
> nsis@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/nsis


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From: Xiaoming Fu <fu@cs.uni-goettingen.de>
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Hi Robert,

Thanks for your extensive comments, which are very helpful to review the 
mobility scenarios for NSIS.

Yes, it is true that we are currently not discussing (I agree it needs 
to be considered in NSLP) what happens for the data packets (which are 
signaled for) inside an IP-in-IP tunnel, but the tunnel endpoints. In 
addition, I believe there might be something being overlooked:
==> Signaling should reflect the data being signaled upon the update of 
the tunnel. As some other interested people might also have noticed, the 
mobility registration itself is also soft-state based. The mobility 
registration phase does not occur only at t0, or during re-registration 
after a timeout, in the operation of mobile IP. Once a first binding 
cache is associated, it is possible for more than 1 tunnels segments to 
be added to the data path. Therefore, while the post-registration phase 
in ongoing in one part of the system the pre-association phase can be 
ongoing in another.

Hancock, Robert wrote:
> Hi Xiaoming,
> 
> You'll have to forgive me for being dense, but I'm unable to follow your
> argument. 
==> I think both of us have been trying to clarifying things complementally.

> So far as I can see, all the scenarios and packet flows you 
> list can be signalled for correctly and safely using 'ordinary' NSIS 
> signalling, possibly supplemented by some special tunnel support. (BTW,
==> Thanks, these are also my hope. (Also thanks for your 
acknowledgement of possibile necessity of special tunnel support).

> nobody has ever proposed NTLP-in-NTLP tunneling, so far as I can tell;
> I'm not even sure what this would mean.)
==> One can think of a way (although not enough efficient), to add an 
NTLP header to the NTLP message when it enter into a tunnel, and remove 
the additional NTLP header after leaving.

> Specifically:
> *) a route optimised data flow from CN->MN can be treated like any
> flow from CNaddr --> MN-CoA (the type 2 routing header can be ignored)
==> Yes, excluded its difficulty already.

> *) a non-reverse tunneled data flow from MN->CN can be treated like any
> flow from MN-CoA --> CNaddr (the HoAO can be ignored)
==> Yes, also discussed.

> *) non-route-optimised traffic from CN->MN can be treated like any flow
> from CNaddr --> MN-HoA, supported by additional signalling from 
> HA --> MN-CoA (the HA has to be NSIS aware)
==> We're also almost agreeing to each other here. Are you suggesting to 
signal twice into the segment between HA and MN? Otherwise, I'm afraid 
whether a unified (for a single message at one time) 3/5-tuple flow-id 
would work.

> *) reverse tunneled traffic from MN->CN can be treated like any flow from
> MN-HoA --> CNaddr, supported by additional signalling from MN-CoA --> HA
> (the MN has to run 2 signalling sessions).
==> Signaling by 2 sessions looks a bit wired/complicated to me: how to 
coordinate both, eg., should they be performed subsequently one after 
another, or parrallelly? if some error happens to one of them, should we 
skip another, or special notification/decision should be made?

> *) In the edge tunneling case, traffic and existing signalling messages
> will be hidden in a bidirectional tunnel between PARaddr and NARaddr; the ARs
> can carry out signalling for that tunnel. 
==> It has been identified during the MIP-QOS mailing list discussions 
that a scenario can be possible: while the ARs are physically locating 
close to each other, data packets can be traversing rather long, even 
into the core, and it would be desireable in such scenarios to also 
signal into these path.

> In the FMIP6 case, this is just a
> single level tunnel, since the ARs only ever see traffic as addressed to
> and from the MN-CoA 
==> If the PAR receives data packet arriving at PCoA, they will be 
tunneled to NCoA, I see this as a 2-level tunnel case (correct me if I'm 
wrong).

>(but in any case, I'm not aware of why multiple levels
> of 2746-style tunneling would not work).
==> Not "would not work", but a little bit difficult in case of multiple 
levels of tunnels, as it seems each level has to introduce a different 
object type in the NTLP header (and process them).

> It might be helpful if you could say if you think
> either: a traditional 2746-like solution really would not work 
> (and if so why), 
> or: if you think it just would not work very well
> (and if so what - in simple terms - you propose in its place.)
==> My understanding is that RFC2746 might needs some neat work. RFC2746 
discusses possible solutions to two types (type #2 and #3) of tunnels. 
It looks to me mobile IP tunnels most likely will be of type #3. 
RFC2746, essentially, recursively re-applies RSVP inside a tunnel by an 
additional object to help the one-to-one mapping between the tunnel 
session and the corresponding e2e session (the mapping is done in the 
tunnel entry and exit points). However, in the perspectives of the soft, 
possibly multiple tunnels created by mobility protocols, we might look 
into some technical details.

> Handling an addition signalling session at the tunnel endpoints is clearly
> additional work; however, the 2746-like solution can be made very robust
> to conditions like the remote endpoint being NSIS-unaware, whereas more
> integrated solutions would either have to detect this and fall back to 2746
> anyway, or [worse] proceed blind and run the risk of black-holing the end-to-end
> signalling. Both those cases strike me as unattractive, given that we will
> need to have 2746-like support for many other scenarios anyway.
==> I also think RFC2746 would be a good start for looking at NSIS 
mobility. Any additional comments, views would be more than appreciated.

Thanks,
Xiaoming


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From: "Sung Hycuk Lee" <starsu@sait.samsung.co.kr>
To: <nsis@ietf.org>
Subject: FW: [NSIS] NSLP design draft: way forward
Date: Tue, 26 Aug 2003 10:47:53 +0900
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From exim@www1.ietf.org  Fri Aug 29 05:31:56 2003
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From: "Hancock, Robert" <robert.hancock@roke.co.uk>
To: Seong Ho Jeong <shjeong@hufs.ac.kr>
Cc: nsis@ietf.org, Sung Hycuk Lee <starsu@sait.samsung.co.kr>,
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Subject: [NSIS] RE: Crossover node discovery issue
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hi Seong Jeong,

thanks for the comment and apologies for the slow response.

in the framework document, i would prefer to look purely at a
definition of what the crossover router is rather than mechanisms
for how to discover it (which would be more of a protocol issue).

i think my current definition of x-over router would be:
the NSLP aware node which, for a given session id, has one neighbour
NE in one direction but two neighbour NEs in the other, and
this situation may be transient (re-routing case) or long-term
(multihoming case). this would probably require more wordsmithing.

on the security issues, i think these are important to discuss, but
at the moment I think they are more signalling application specific
than NSIS generic so all we can do is talk generally. what I would
really like to see is some discussion on this list of hannes' draft
on the issue, 
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-tschofenig-nsis-sid-00.txt
(which is very short and easy to read!)

cheers,

robert h.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Seong Ho Jeong [mailto:shjeong@hufs.ac.kr]
> Sent: Thursday, August 07, 2003 05:20
> To: Hancock, Robert
> Cc: nsis@ietf.org; Sung Hycuk Lee; jh0278.bang@samsung.com;
> bj33.lee@samsung.com
> Subject: Crossover node discovery issue
> 
> 
> Hi Robert,
> 
> In Section 5.2.2 (Localized Path Repair) of the framework document, 
> I think it would be good to give a general description of how 
> to discover the 
> crossover node in a little more detail. For example, as 
> discussed before, a session ID, 
> a flow ID, and/or a mobility object can be used for the 
> crossover node discovery. 
> In this case, we may also need to check whether or not the 
> use of those fields is 
> sufficient because some sort of authorization and 
> determination of session ownership may be 
> necessary...How about adding a general description of the 
> crossover node discovery 
> and related security issues to the framework document?
> 
> Regards, 
> 
> Seong Jeong
> 

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