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From: Kees-Jan Hermans <hermans@fox-it.com>
To: Brian E Carpenter <brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2014 16:24:19 +0100
Thread-Topic: [OPSAWG] Negotiation replacing configuration
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Negotiation replacing configuration
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Personal first impressions:

- Any tool that allows for the automatic configuration of devices wrt their=
 routes, is also a tool for a DOS attack. You notice this, and that it shou=
ld only run in 'trust relationships=92. That=92s good, but at the moment, t=
he internet has scarce support for trust relationships.

- Negotiation usually implies multiple messages in a tight, ordered sequenc=
e. This doesn=92t necessarily do well on unstable, mobile networks where me=
ssages may get lost, requiring time-consuming re-negotiation.

- When you say =91XML=92, I say: needless complexity that runs afoul of wha=
t most small devices can or should have to handle. You notice this too, for=
tunately. Only too glad you didn=92t go for TCP ;-)

- I wonder about using multicast. Doesn=92t that create a chicken-and-egg p=
roblem (as the multicast configuration may be part of what we=92re trying t=
o configure about a router)? Also: packet storms.

KJ

On 29 Jan 2014, at 01:04, Brian E Carpenter <brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com> w=
rote:

> Hi,
>=20
> I'm a bit surprised at the silence on this. After all, we
> are suggesting a fairly radical change of approach: from
> centrally-driven configuration of devices to peer negotiation
> between devices. In this WG we'd like to get feedback on
> the problem statement based on real experience, since the
> NMRG discussion is more likely to be theoretical.
> Also, is our summary of existing protocols accurate?
>=20
>    Brian
>=20
> -------- Original Message --------
> Subject: I-D Action: draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps-02.txt
> Date: Sat, 18 Jan 2014 11:23:25 -0800
> From: internet-drafts@ietf.org
> Reply-To: internet-drafts@ietf.org
> To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
>=20
>=20
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts direct=
ories.
>=20
>=20
>        Title           : Network Configuration Negotiation Problem Statem=
ent and Requirements
>        Authors         : Sheng Jiang
>                          Yuanbin Yin
>                          Brian Carpenter
> 	Filename        : draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps-02.txt
> 	Pages           : 14
> 	Date            : 2014-01-18
>=20
> Abstract:
>   This document describes a problem statement and general requirements
>   for distributed autonomous configuration of multiple aspects of
>   networks, in particular carrier networks.  The basic model is that
>   network elements need to negotiate configuration settings with each
>   other to meet overall goals.  The document describes a generic
>   negotiation behavior model.  The document also reviews whether
>   existing management and configuration protocols may be suitable for
>   autonomic networks.
>=20
>=20
> The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps/
>=20
> There's also a htmlized version available at:
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps-02
>=20
> A diff from the previous version is available at:
> http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps-02
>=20
>=20
> Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submiss=
ion
> until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.
>=20
> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> I-D-Announce mailing list
> I-D-Announce@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/i-d-announce
> Internet-Draft directories: http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
> or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt
>=20
>=20
> --=20
> Regards
>   Brian Carpenter
>   http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6182
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg


From brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com  Mon Feb  3 11:08:53 2014
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Negotiation replacing configuration
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Kees-Jan,

Good comments, thanks...

On 04/02/2014 04:24, Kees-Jan Hermans wrote:
> Personal first impressions:
>=20
> - Any tool that allows for the automatic configuration of devices wrt t=
heir routes, is also a tool for a DOS attack. You notice this, and that i=
t should only run in 'trust relationships=E2=80=99. That=E2=80=99s good, =
but at the moment, the internet has scarce support for trust relationship=
s.

One aspect is that such a protocol would only be used within a
well-defined administrative boundary, so keeping an external
DOS attack out is probably possible. An internally generated DOS
attack will be harder to block, especially if it attacks the
authentication of the protocol itself.

> - Negotiation usually implies multiple messages in a tight, ordered seq=
uence. This doesn=E2=80=99t necessarily do well on unstable, mobile netwo=
rks where messages may get lost, requiring time-consuming re-negotiation.=


Good point. But p2p routing for mobiles has a similar problem;
we need to look at how MANET handles this.

> - When you say =E2=80=98XML=E2=80=99, I say: needless complexity that r=
uns afoul of what most small devices can or should have to handle. You no=
tice this too, fortunately. Only too glad you didn=E2=80=99t go for TCP ;=
-)
>=20
> - I wonder about using multicast. Doesn=E2=80=99t that create a chicken=
-and-egg problem (as the multicast configuration may be part of what we=E2=
=80=99re trying to configure about a router)? Also: packet storms.

Yes, that needs careful thought.

   Brian

> KJ
>=20
> On 29 Jan 2014, at 01:04, Brian E Carpenter <brian.e.carpenter@gmail.co=
m> wrote:
>=20
>> Hi,
>>
>> I'm a bit surprised at the silence on this. After all, we
>> are suggesting a fairly radical change of approach: from
>> centrally-driven configuration of devices to peer negotiation
>> between devices. In this WG we'd like to get feedback on
>> the problem statement based on real experience, since the
>> NMRG discussion is more likely to be theoretical.
>> Also, is our summary of existing protocols accurate?
>>
>>    Brian
>>
>> -------- Original Message --------
>> Subject: I-D Action: draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps-02.txt
>> Date: Sat, 18 Jan 2014 11:23:25 -0800
>> From: internet-drafts@ietf.org
>> Reply-To: internet-drafts@ietf.org
>> To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
>>
>>
>> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts dir=
ectories.
>>
>>
>>        Title           : Network Configuration Negotiation Problem Sta=
tement and Requirements
>>        Authors         : Sheng Jiang
>>                          Yuanbin Yin
>>                          Brian Carpenter
>> 	Filename        : draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps-02.txt
>> 	Pages           : 14
>> 	Date            : 2014-01-18
>>
>> Abstract:
>>   This document describes a problem statement and general requirements=

>>   for distributed autonomous configuration of multiple aspects of
>>   networks, in particular carrier networks.  The basic model is that
>>   network elements need to negotiate configuration settings with each
>>   other to meet overall goals.  The document describes a generic
>>   negotiation behavior model.  The document also reviews whether
>>   existing management and configuration protocols may be suitable for
>>   autonomic networks.
>>
>>
>> The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
>> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps/
>>
>> There's also a htmlized version available at:
>> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps-02
>>
>> A diff from the previous version is available at:
>> http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps-0=
2
>>
>>
>> Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of subm=
ission
>> until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.
>>
>> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
>> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> I-D-Announce mailing list
>> I-D-Announce@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/i-d-announce
>> Internet-Draft directories: http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
>> or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt
>>
>>
>> --=20
>> Regards
>>   Brian Carpenter
>>   http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6182
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> OPSAWG mailing list
>> OPSAWG@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>=20
>=20


From mehmet.ersue@nsn.com  Mon Feb  3 11:27:33 2014
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From: "Ersue, Mehmet (NSN - DE/Munich)" <mehmet.ersue@nsn.com>
To: "'ext Sehgal, Anuj'" <s.anuj@jacobs-university.de>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Review of draft-opsawg-ersue-coman-*-00
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Review of draft-opsawg-ersue-coman-*-00
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Hi Anuj,

thank you for your thorough review. See below (ME: ).

1.3 Network Types and Characteristics in Focus
----------------------------------------------

(a) "Mobile Adhoc networks (MANET) are self-configuring
    _infrastructureless_ networks of mobile devices connected by
    wireless technologies."

    --> Why is a differentiation being made between MANETs and other
        types of wireless networks? Couldn't moblie phones technically
        fit into the IoT as well? Is the differentiation only made
        based on the _infrastructureless_ part of it? If so, does it
        make sense to have categories of infrastructure and
        infrastructureless, rather than MANET and non-MANET networks?

ME: I can go with your proposal to use infrastructureless networks and give=
 MANET as an example.
I think Car-to-car networks is another example but this wouldn't be necessa=
rily constrained.
I think mobile phones shouldn't be counted as constrained devices.=20

(b) "Wireline non-constrained networks are mainly used for specific
    applications like Building Automation or Infrastructure
    Monitoring.  However, wireline and wireless networks with
    multi-hop or point-to- multipoint connectivity are especially in
    the interest of the analysis on the management of constrained
    devices in this document."

    --> This paragraph is unclear. What is it trying to convey? Is it
        saying that only wireline multi-hop and point-to-multipoint
        are within the scope of this document? Why not regular
        wireline networks that may have constrained devices as part of
        a non-constrained network?

ME: By saying they are "especially in the interest of the analysis the text=
 does not exclude the others.
Non-constrained wireline networks with constrained devices are in scope (e.=
g. Building automation).

    --> There is talk about bandwidth, but not frame size, which is
        likely to have a bigger impact than the overall bandwidth
        available in a channel. Maybe this should be mentioned?

ME: In section 3.11. Implementation Requirements we talk on protocol messag=
e size.
Though we don't talk on frame size

1.6.  Managing the Constrainedness of a Device or Network
---------------------------------------------------------

(a) "might only be able to support one simple communication protocol,
    i.e. the management protocol needs to be possible to downscale
    from constrained (C2) to very constrained (C0) devices"

    --> Is it important that the same management protocol be
        applicable to the entire range of constrained devices? Why not
        allow the capabilities of the management protocol to scale up
        and down with the type/capabilities of the device at hand?

	SOLUTION: A new bullet point stating that different management
	protocols work on different class of devices.

ME: It is for sure possible that different management protocols work on=20
different class of devices. Though it is desirable that the protocol=20
is prepared for downscaling enabling the use of same type of message and=20
information exchange as well as easy mapping of protocol commands.

(b) "might only be able to support limited or no user and/or transport
    security" AND "might only be able to support very simple
    encryption"

    --> Simple encryption doesn't make sense, maybe it should be
        efficient encryption instead?

ME: I can agree with "efficient for memory and CPU usage". Efficient=20
only does not explain what we want to say.

(c) "might also need energy-efficient key management algorithms for
    security."

    --> Not just energy-efficient, but also memory, processing and
        etc. efficient. No?

    SOLUTION: Change text to only efficient key management.

ME: I think it needs to described what kind of efficiency we mean.

Cheers,=20
Mehmet=20


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Sehgal, Anuj [mailto:s.anuj@jacobs-university.de]
> Sent: Saturday, January 04, 2014 3:28 AM
> To: opsawg@ietf.org
> Cc: Ersue, Mehmet (NSN - DE/Munich); Sch=F6nw=E4lder, J=FCrgen
> Subject: Re: Review of draft-opsawg-ersue-coman-*-00
>=20
> Hi,
>=20
> As per the call for reviewing the COMAN documents, I have taken a look at=
 the latest
> versions and have a few comments/recommendations for both. The reviews, a=
long
> with suggestions on fixing them, are attached to this email in appropriat=
e files.
>=20
> Regards,
> Anuj Sehgal


From hermans@fox-it.com  Wed Feb  5 01:58:18 2014
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From: Kees-Jan Hermans <hermans@fox-it.com>
To: Brian E Carpenter <brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Feb 2014 10:58:12 +0100
Thread-Topic: [OPSAWG] Negotiation replacing configuration
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Negotiation replacing configuration
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My - strictly personal - take (but I=92m completely derailing the discussio=
n here) would be to extend ICMP and create a path MTU message equivalent fo=
r throughput. Something with an optional solicitation message (could be ICM=
P ping with special code), and a reply along the lines of an ICMP  type 3, =
code 4 (=91packet too big=92) message. When TCP on a host, or a router in g=
eneral, thinks that things are going too slow, he=92ll send one of those. T=
hey could also be sent back unsolicited in the way that packet too big mess=
ages are usually sent. The added benefit would be that routers along the pa=
th benefit from the information, and re-think their routes.

Sincerely,

KJ

On 03 Feb 2014, at 20:08, Brian E Carpenter <brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com> w=
rote:

> Kees-Jan,
>=20
> Good comments, thanks...
>=20
> On 04/02/2014 04:24, Kees-Jan Hermans wrote:
>> Personal first impressions:
>>=20
>> - Any tool that allows for the automatic configuration of devices wrt th=
eir routes, is also a tool for a DOS attack. You notice this, and that it s=
hould only run in 'trust relationships=92. That=92s good, but at the moment=
, the internet has scarce support for trust relationships.
>=20
> One aspect is that such a protocol would only be used within a
> well-defined administrative boundary, so keeping an external
> DOS attack out is probably possible. An internally generated DOS
> attack will be harder to block, especially if it attacks the
> authentication of the protocol itself.
>=20
>> - Negotiation usually implies multiple messages in a tight, ordered sequ=
ence. This doesn=92t necessarily do well on unstable, mobile networks where=
 messages may get lost, requiring time-consuming re-negotiation.
>=20
> Good point. But p2p routing for mobiles has a similar problem;
> we need to look at how MANET handles this.
>=20
>> - When you say =91XML=92, I say: needless complexity that runs afoul of =
what most small devices can or should have to handle. You notice this too, =
fortunately. Only too glad you didn=92t go for TCP ;-)
>>=20
>> - I wonder about using multicast. Doesn=92t that create a chicken-and-eg=
g problem (as the multicast configuration may be part of what we=92re tryin=
g to configure about a router)? Also: packet storms.
>=20
> Yes, that needs careful thought.
>=20
>   Brian
>=20
>> KJ
>>=20
>> On 29 Jan 2014, at 01:04, Brian E Carpenter <brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com=
> wrote:
>>=20
>>> Hi,
>>>=20
>>> I'm a bit surprised at the silence on this. After all, we
>>> are suggesting a fairly radical change of approach: from
>>> centrally-driven configuration of devices to peer negotiation
>>> between devices. In this WG we'd like to get feedback on
>>> the problem statement based on real experience, since the
>>> NMRG discussion is more likely to be theoretical.
>>> Also, is our summary of existing protocols accurate?
>>>=20
>>>   Brian
>>>=20
>>> -------- Original Message --------
>>> Subject: I-D Action: draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps-02.txt
>>> Date: Sat, 18 Jan 2014 11:23:25 -0800
>>> From: internet-drafts@ietf.org
>>> Reply-To: internet-drafts@ietf.org
>>> To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts dire=
ctories.
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>>       Title           : Network Configuration Negotiation Problem State=
ment and Requirements
>>>       Authors         : Sheng Jiang
>>>                         Yuanbin Yin
>>>                         Brian Carpenter
>>> 	Filename        : draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps-02.txt
>>> 	Pages           : 14
>>> 	Date            : 2014-01-18
>>>=20
>>> Abstract:
>>>  This document describes a problem statement and general requirements
>>>  for distributed autonomous configuration of multiple aspects of
>>>  networks, in particular carrier networks.  The basic model is that
>>>  network elements need to negotiate configuration settings with each
>>>  other to meet overall goals.  The document describes a generic
>>>  negotiation behavior model.  The document also reviews whether
>>>  existing management and configuration protocols may be suitable for
>>>  autonomic networks.
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>> The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
>>> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps/
>>>=20
>>> There's also a htmlized version available at:
>>> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps-02
>>>=20
>>> A diff from the previous version is available at:
>>> http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps-02
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>> Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submi=
ssion
>>> until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.
>>>=20
>>> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
>>> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
>>>=20
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> I-D-Announce mailing list
>>> I-D-Announce@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/i-d-announce
>>> Internet-Draft directories: http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
>>> or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>> --=20
>>> Regards
>>>  Brian Carpenter
>>>  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6182
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> OPSAWG mailing list
>>> OPSAWG@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>>=20
>>=20
>=20


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From: "Romascanu, Dan (Dan)" <dromasca@avaya.com>
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Subject: [OPSAWG] comments resolution for draft-ietf-opsawg-coman-probstate-reqs-00
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Hi,

We received a number of valuable comments  for draft-ietf-opsawg-coman-prob=
state-reqs-00. Thanks to everybody who reviewed and commented. Here are our=
 proposed comments resolution and edits.

First review was mine: http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/opsawg/current/=
msg03077.html


=D8  1. The draft uses the 'adjective' small device in association with con=
strained device in a few place. I suggest to remove this. There is no autom=
atic association of a device being small implying that it is also constrain=
ed. Nor are all constrained devices small in size.

PROPOSED RESOLUTION: s/small devices/constrained devices/ (there are three =
instances in the document)


=D8  2. We have made an effort in the last few versions and especially in t=
his one to distinguish between the constrained devices and constrained netw=
orks, but the clean-up on this issue is not complete. For example section 1=
.6 still has text about constrained networks - this section and other in wh=
ich constrained networks are mentioned should be carefully examined to make=
 sure that the focus of the document stays with constrained devices, and th=
at if constrained networks are mentioned at all this is in the context of t=
heir relationship with the constrained devices.

DISCUSSION: Fix the last two bullets in section 1.5. In 4.1.006, and Sectio=
n A.2 rephrase as 'network of constrained devices'


=D8  3. I do not believe that we can get away with a zero-content security =
considerations section here either. The document even says:


=D8  If specific requirements for
   security will be identified, they will be described in future
   versions of this document.


=D8  This is not accurate - section 3.6 already speaks about requirments fo=
r security and access control, and section 1.6 mentions limitations that wo=
uld prevent the implementation of strong scryptographic algorythms. The tex=
t needs to be reviewed and revised from this perspective.

PROPOSED RESOLUTION:

OLD:


5.  Security Considerations

   This document discusses the problem statement and requirements on the
   network of constrained devices.  If specific requirements for
   security will be identified, they will be described in future
   versions of this document.


NEW:



5.  Security Considerations

   This document discusses the problem statement and requirements on
   networks of constrained devices. Section 1.6 mentions a number of limita=
tions

   that could prevent the implementation of strong cryptographic algorithms=
.

   Requirements for security and access  control are listed in Section 3.6.




Message from Zhen Cao: http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/opsawg/current/=
msg03104.html


=D8  One cent to the document is, shall we consider the management of

sleepy nodes in section 3? There are many discussions in coap/lwig for

these sleepy nodes. The management of these devices is rather

challenging. Although there are some discussion in 'Energy

management', the scope of sleepy nodes management should be broader

than that.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION:



Sleepy devices as well as putting interfaces to sleep are already mentioned=
 in section 3.7. A couple of more clarification edits can help:



In section 1.6:



OLD:



      might only be able to support a limited operating time (e.g. based
      on the available battery), i.e. the devices need to economize
      their energy usage with suitable mechanisms and the managing
      entity needs to monitor and control the energy status of the
      constrained devices it manages.



NEW:



      might only be able to support a limited operating time (e.g. based
      on the available battery), or may behave as 'sleepy endpoints'

      setting their network links to a disconnected state during long

      periods of time i.e. the devices need to economize
      their energy usage with suitable mechanisms and the managing
      entity needs to monitor and control the energy status of the
      constrained devices it manages.



Req. 4.1.006:



OLD:



Description:  Some constrained devices will only be able to support
      lossy and unreliable links characterized by a limited data rate, a
      high latency, and a high transmission error rate.  Furthermore
      constrained devices often duty cycle their radio or the whole
      device in order to save energy.  In both cases the management
      system must not assume that constrained devices are always
      reachable.



NEW:



Description:  Some constrained devices will only be able to support
      lossy and unreliable links characterized by a limited data rate, a
      high latency, and a high transmission error rate.  Furthermore
      constrained devices often duty cycle their radio or the whole
      device in order to save energy. Some classes of devices labelled as

      'sleepy endpoints' set their network links to a disconnected state

      during long periods of time. In all cases the management
      system must not assume that constrained devices are always
      reachable.





Comments from Bert Wijnen: http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/opsawg/curr=
ent/msg03096.html





=D8  - for requirement 4.2.0001

  I wonder why a C0 device would have to implement in a modular fashion.

  I could see that a C0 device (Maybe even C1) does the minimal

  modular-function-set implementation, but that the implementation is in

  fact monolythic. It often save memory and possibly cpu cycles.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: clarify that the requirement is for the specification =
of the protocol and not for the implementation on the devices.



OLD:



   Description:  Management protocols should allow modular
      implementations, i.e., it should be possible to implement only a
      basic set of protocol primitives on highly constrained devices
      while devices with additional resources may provide more support
      for additional protocol primitives.



NEW:



   Description:  Management protocols should be specified so that they allo=
w

      for modular implementations, i.e., it should be possible to implement

      only a basic set of protocol primitives on highly constrained devices
      while devices with additional resources may provide more support
      for additional protocol primitives.





=D8  - for requirement 4.9.001

  It might be good to add a refereence to RFC2914 ??

  Just thinking aloud.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION:



OLD:



Description:  Provide the ability to avoid congestion by modifying
      the device's reporting rate for periodical data (which is usually
      redundant) based on the importance and reliability level of the
      management data.  This functionality is usually controlled by the
      managing entity, where the managing entity marks the data as
      important or relevant for reliability.  However reducing a
      device's reporting rate can also be initiated by a device if it is
      able to detect congestion or has insufficient buffer memory.

NEW:



Description:  Support congestion control principles as defined by [RFC2914]=
,

      e.g.  the ability to avoid congestion by modifying
      the device's reporting rate for periodical data (which is usually
      redundant) based on the importance and reliability level of the
      management data.  This functionality is usually controlled by the
      managing entity, where the managing entity marks the data as
      important or relevant for reliability.  However reducing a
      device's reporting rate can also be initiated by a device if it is
      able to detect congestion or has insufficient buffer memory.

Add [RFC2914] to the Informational References section





- for requirement 4.9.003

  is that more or less an "implementation" suggestion for requirement 4.9.0=
01 ??



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: reject - congestion avoidance is only one of the reaso=
ns traffic delay is applied in networks, so 4.9.003 is not necessarily rela=
ted to 4.9.001





Comments from Bert Greevenbosch: http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/opsaw=
g/current/msg03116.html



(BG1) Section 2: "tininess" can be replaced by "contraints"



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: s/tininess/constraints/



(BG2) Section 2: "constraindness" -> constrainedness", "therefor" -> "there=
fore"



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept



(BG3) Section 3.1, req 4.1.001: Device type should be "C0, C1 and/or C2" as=
 described in section 3.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept



(BG4) Section 3.1, req 4.1.002: "This implies that e.g. the managing entity=
 is able to handle huge amount of device monitoring data and the management=
 protocol is not sensitive to the decrease of the time between two client r=
equests."

- I think this would better be a separate requirement.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: reject - this sentence clarifies scalability as enounc=
ed in the previous sentence.



(BG5) Section 3.1, req 4.1.004: "One way to achieve this is to adopt a REST=
ful architecture that minimizes the amount of state maintained by managed c=
onstrained devices and that makes resources of a device addressable via URI=
s."

- This is a solution, not a requirement. I think the text can be deleted.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept - delete or separate the sentence in a note aft=
er the requirement



(BG6) Section 3.1, req 4.1.006: "Intermediaries may be used that provide in=
formation for devices currently inactive or that take responsibility to res=
ynchronize devices when they become reachable again after an extended offli=
ne period."

- This is a solution, not a requirement. I think the text can be deleted.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: same as the previous



(BG7) Section 3.1, req 4.1.007: "The identification of the relevant subset =
of policies to be provisioned is according to the capabilities of each devi=
ce and can be obtained from a pre-configured data-repository."

- This is a solution, not a requirement. I think the text can be deleted.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: move text starting from this sentence to a separate no=
te. The text is important to be maintained as in underlines the use of temp=
lates filtered by device roles and capacities



(BG8) Section 3.2, req 4.2.002: is this a non-functional requirement? If so=
, write this in requirement type.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: reject - this is a functional requirement



(BG9) Section 3.2, req 4.2.003: "As such, this requirement is marked as opt=
ional."

- I think most requirements are optional at this point, since the draft doe=
s not point at a specific solution. Delete the sentence.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept



(BG10) Section 3.2, req 4.2.004: "Hence this requirement is marked optional=
 for device class C2."

- This can be deleted; it should have been device class C0 (most constraine=
d) anyway.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept



(BG11) Sentences like those in BG9 and BG10 appear also elsewhere. Propose =
to remove.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept



(BG12) Section 3.2, req 4.2.004: "Device type: C2", add "C1". (related to B=
G10)



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: add "C1 (optional)". s/Hence this requirement is marke=
d optional for devices class C2/ Hence this requirement is marked optional =
for devices class C1/



(BG12) Section 3.2, req 4.2.006: "Device type: C2", add "C1".



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: add "C1 (optional)". s/Hence this requirement is marke=
d optional for devices class C2/ Hence this requirement is marked optional =
for devices class C1/



(BG13) Section 3.3, req 4.3.003: the description should be more verbose and=
 explicit.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: reject - what is missing?



(BG14) Section 3.3, req 4.3.003: why does the requirement not apply to C0 d=
evices? They may be sleepy and thus require asynchronous transactions.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: reject - we do not believe rollback can be implemented=
 on C0 devices



(BG15) Section 3.4, req 4.4.001: "data caching mechanism" requires a defini=
tion or explanation.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept



(BG16) Section 3.4, req 4.4.004 is marked as "low priority". Isn't network =
status monitoring a major use-case?



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: reject - we are talking about the computed network sta=
tus



(BG17) Section 3.4, req 4.4.006 contains "(TBD)". Remove.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept



(BG18) Section 3.4, req 4.4.011: should C0 (low priority) be mentioned?



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: s/Low for C1/Low for C0 and C1/



(BG19) Section 3.6, req 4.6.001: "In certain application scenarios, it is p=
ossible that a large number of devices need to be (re)started at about the =
same time. Protocols and authentication systems should be designed such tha=
t a large number of devices (re)starting simultaneously does not negatively=
 impact the device authentication process."

- I think this should be a requirement on its own.



PRPOSED RESOLUTION: reject, this sentence defines a specific mode of work a=
nd scalability for authentication - it does belong here



(BG20) Section 3.6, req 4.6.002: propose to change "add them to access cont=
rol lists." to "provide them with appropriate access control permissions.",=
 as "access control lists" are a specific solution.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept



(BG21) Section 3.6, req 4.6.004: "(like some elliptic curve algorithm)" can=
 be deleted, as it seems unnecessary information.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept



(BG22) Section 3.6, req 4.6.004: why is there a distinction in priority bet=
ween hardware-supported algorithms and other algorithms? I propose to set t=
he priority of all to "high".



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: reject, the difference in priority originates in the f=
act that SW-based mechanisms are more resource demanding



(BG23) Section 3.7, req 4.7.003: "The device will support layer 2 energy ma=
nagement protocols (e.g. energy-efficient Ethernet IEEE 802.3az) and be abl=
e to report on these."

- This should be rephrased to "If the device supports layer 2 ..., it shoul=
d be able to report on these".



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept



(BG24) Section 3.10, req 4.10.001: "not sensitive to the decrease of the ti=
me between two client requests."

- Propose to change to "not sensitive to a high rate of incoming client req=
uests."



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept



(BG25) Section 3.10: put a "---" line between reqs 4.10.003 and 4.10.004.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept



(BG26) Section 3.11: put a "---" line between reqs 4.11.001 and 4.11.002.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept



(BG27) Section 5: "If specific requirements for security will be identified=
, they will be described in future versions of this document."

- There are already security requirements in section 3.6, let's mention tha=
t in the security considerations section.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept, already addressed by the resolution to a previ=
ous comment



(BG28) Appendix A has some overlap with draft-greevenbosch-coman-candidate-=
tech, which also describes current available technology.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: deleted appendices A and B



(BG29) Appendix A.3 "OMA" should mention that the OMA LwM2M Technical Speci=
fication (TS) has now reached candidate status. The appendix currently only=
 mentions the LwM2M requirements document.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: see above



(BG30) Appendix C: "Section 4 on the management requirements ... needs furt=
her consolidation."

- I think this has already been done. In any case, the appendix can be remo=
ved.



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept - remove section





Comments from Hui Deng: http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/opsawg/current=
/msg03105.html



1.       in section 3., a section of 'IPv4/v6 address management' could be =
helpful, including the discussion of different types of ip addresses on dev=
ices, link-local, global, private, etc..

It is not really clear what the commenter means here. Mehmet asked, we did =
not see an answer yet.

2. in Appendix A, any relevant discussion in 'oneM2M'?



PROPOSED RESOLUTION: see above, appendix removed





Comments from James Nguyen: http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/opsawg/cur=
rent/msg03127.html


(1) Req-ID 4.3.002 Title: Capacity Discovery

     I don't quite understand this req.  Please be more specific.

The commenter took back his comment after being pointed by Juergen to the r=
elevant text.

(2) Section 3.3 Configuration Management

     Session-oriented configuration protocol may be expensive for managing =
a large number of similar devices.  In a case when common redundant configu=
rations is issued, reliable multicast with negative acknowledgement (e.g. N=
egative ACKnowledgement (NACK)-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM)) would wo=
rk best.  I suggest to add a reliable transport requirement in this section=
.  Moreover, a common data model would be needed.

     Stateless configuration update solution would also work well for const=
rained networks.

DISCUSS: Juergen had an exchange of mails with the commenter - not clear wh=
at edits are required if any. : The concern is that 4.10.003 asks for Best-=
effort multicast only and lets reliable multicast out. We cannot list relia=
ble multicast as a requirements as it is hard to achieve and only needed by=
 special use cases like the ones James is mentioning. We are in favor of ke=
eping the draft more generic and not include such special use cases mention=
ed by James. Also we mentioned "stateless" already in the architecture requ=
irement 4.1.004 with req on RESTful protocols.


(3) Section 3.8 Group-based provisioning

     As I mentioned in (2), a common data model would be required for commo=
n redundant configurations.  I suggest to add this requirement here.

PROPOSED RESOLUTION: In section 3.8:

OLD:


Description:  Support group-based provisioning, i.e. firmware update
      and configuration management, of a large set of constrained
      devices with eventual consistency and coordinated reload times.
      The device should accept group-based configuration management
      based on bulk commands, which aim similar configurations of a
      large set of constrained devices of the same type in a given
      group.  Activation of configuration may be based on pre-loaded
      sets of default values.
NEW:


Description:  Support group-based provisioning, i.e. firmware update
      and configuration management, of a large set of constrained
      devices with eventual consistency and coordinated reload times.
      The device should accept group-based configuration management
      based on bulk commands, which aim similar configurations of a
      large set of constrained devices of the same type in a given
      group, and which may share a common data model. Activation of

      configuration may be based on pre-loaded sets of default values.
Regards,

Dan




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<body lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple">
<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Hi,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">We received a number of valuable comments &nbsp;for =
draft-ietf-opsawg-coman-probstate-reqs-00. Thanks to everybody who reviewed=
 and commented. Here are our proposed comments resolution and edits.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">First review was mine: <a href=3D"http://www.ietf.or=
g/mail-archive/web/opsawg/current/msg03077.html">
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/opsawg/current/msg03077.html</a><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 leve=
l1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:W=
ingdings"><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=D8<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quo=
t;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=3D"LTR"></span><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">1. The draft uses the 'ad=
jective' small device in association with constrained device in a few place=
. I suggest to remove this. There is no automatic
 association of a device being small implying that it is also constrained. =
Nor are all constrained devices small in size.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Co=
urier New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Co=
urier New&quot;">PROPOSED RESOLUTION: s/small devices/constrained devices/ =
(there are three instances in the document)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Co=
urier New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 leve=
l1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:W=
ingdings"><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=D8<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quo=
t;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=3D"LTR"></span><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">2. We have made an effort=
 in the last few versions and especially in this one to distinguish between=
 the constrained devices and constrained networks,
 but the clean-up on this issue is not complete. For example section 1.6 st=
ill has text about constrained networks - this section and other in which c=
onstrained networks are mentioned should be carefully examined to make sure=
 that the focus of the document
 stays with constrained devices, and that if constrained networks are menti=
oned at all this is in the context of their relationship with the constrain=
ed devices.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Co=
urier New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Co=
urier New&quot;">DISCUSSION: Fix the last two bullets in section 1.5. In 4.=
1.006, and Section A.2 rephrase as &#8216;network of constrained devices&#8=
217;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Co=
urier New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 leve=
l1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:W=
ingdings"><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=D8<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quo=
t;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=3D"LTR"></span><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">3. I do not believe that =
we can get away with a zero-content security considerations section here ei=
ther. The document even says:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Co=
urier New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 leve=
l1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:W=
ingdings"><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=D8<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quo=
t;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=3D"LTR"></span><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">If specific requirements =
for<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Co=
urier New&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp; security will be identified, they will be des=
cribed in future<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Co=
urier New&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp; versions of this document.<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Co=
urier New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 leve=
l1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:W=
ingdings"><span style=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=D8<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quo=
t;Times New Roman&quot;">&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=3D"LTR"></span><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">This is not accurate - se=
ction 3.6 already speaks about requirments for security and access control,=
 and section 1.6 mentions limitations that would
 prevent the implementation of strong scryptographic algorythms. The text n=
eeds to be reviewed and revised from this perspective.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Co=
urier New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">PROPOSED RESOLUTION: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">OLD: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">5.&nbsp; Security Considerations<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; This document discusses the problem statement and requirements=
 on the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; network of constrained devices.&nbsp; If specific requirements=
 for<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; security will be identified, they will be described in future<=
br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; versions of this document.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText">NEW: <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">5.&nbsp; Security Considerations<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; This document discusses the problem statement and requirements=
 on <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;networks of constrained devices. Section 1.6 mentions a n=
umber of limitations<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp; that could prevent the implementation of strong cryptograph=
ic algorithms.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Requirements for security and access &nbsp;control are=
 listed in Section 3.6.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Message from Zhen Cao: <a href=3D"http://www.ietf.or=
g/mail-archive/web/opsawg/current/msg03104.html">
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/opsawg/current/msg03104.html</a> <o:p>=
</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<pre style=3D"margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo=
2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings"><span style=
=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=D8<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quo=
t;">&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=3D"LTR"></span>One cent=
 to the document is, shall we consider the management of<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>sleepy nodes in section 3? There are many discussions in coap/lwig for=
<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>these sleepy nodes. The management of these devices is rather<o:p></o:=
p></pre>
<pre>challenging. Although there are some discussion in 'Energy<o:p></o:p><=
/pre>
<pre>management', the scope of sleepy nodes management should be broader<o:=
p></o:p></pre>
<pre>than that.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph"><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&=
quot;Courier New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">PROPOSED RESOLUTION:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">Sleepy devices as well as=
 putting interfaces to sleep are already mentioned in section 3.7. A couple=
 of more clarification edits can help:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">In section 1.6:<o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">OLD:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; might only be able to support a limited o=
perating time (e.g. based<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; on the available battery), i.e. the devices =
need to economize<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; their energy usage with suitable mechanisms =
and the managing<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; entity needs to monitor and control the ener=
gy status of the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; constrained devices it manages.</span><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">NEW:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; might only be able to support a limited o=
perating time (e.g. based<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; on the available battery), or may behave as =
&#8216;sleepy endpoints&#8217; <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;setting their network links to a dis=
connected state during long
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;periods of time i.e. the devices nee=
d to economize<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; their energy usage with suitable mechanisms =
and the managing<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; entity needs to monitor and control the ener=
gy status of the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; constrained devices it manages.</span><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm">Req. 4.1.006:<o:p><=
/o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm">OLD: <o:p></o:p></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">Description:&nbsp; Some constrained devices will only be able to support=
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; lossy and unreliable links characterized by =
a limited data rate, a<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; high latency, and a high transmission error =
rate.&nbsp; Furthermore<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; constrained devices often duty cycle their r=
adio or the whole<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; device in order to save energy.&nbsp; In bot=
h cases the management<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; system must not assume that constrained devi=
ces are always<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; reachable.&nbsp; </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm">NEW:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">Description:&nbsp; Some constrained devices will only be able to support=
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; lossy and unreliable links characterized by =
a limited data rate, a<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; high latency, and a high transmission error =
rate.&nbsp; Furthermore<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; constrained devices often duty cycle their r=
adio or the whole<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; device in order to save energy. Some classes=
 of devices labelled as<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&#8216;sleepy endpoints&#8217; set their =
network links to a disconnected state
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;during long periods of time. In all =
cases the management<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; system must not assume that constrained devi=
ces are always<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; reachable.&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm">Comments from Bert =
Wijnen: <a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/opsawg/current/msg0=
3096.html">
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/opsawg/current/msg03096.html</a><o:p><=
/o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
<pre style=3D"margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo=
2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings"><span style=
=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=D8<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quo=
t;">&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=3D"LTR"></span>- for re=
quirement 4.2.0001<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp; I wonder why a C0 device would have to implement in a modular f=
ashion.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp; I could see that a C0 device (Maybe even C1) does the minimal<o=
:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp; modular-function-set implementation, but that the implementatio=
n is in<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp; fact monolythic. It often save memory and possibly cpu cycles.<=
o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: clarify that the requirement is for the specifica=
tion of the protocol and not for the implementation on the devices.<o:p></o=
:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>OLD: <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp; Description:&nbsp; Management protocols should allow modula=
r<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; implementations, i.e., it should be possible=
 to implement only a<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; basic set of protocol primitives on highly c=
onstrained devices<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; while devices with additional resources may =
provide more support<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for additional protocol primitives. </span><=
o:p></o:p></p>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>NEW: <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp; Description:&nbsp; Management protocols should be specified=
 so that they allow
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for modular implementations, i.e., i=
t should be possible to implement
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot=
;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;only a basic set of protocol primiti=
ves on highly constrained devices<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; while devices with additional resources may =
provide more support<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; for additional protocol primitives. </span><=
o:p></o:p></p>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre style=3D"margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo=
2"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"font-family:Wingdings"><span style=
=3D"mso-list:Ignore">=D8<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quo=
t;">&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=3D"LTR"></span>- for re=
quirement 4.9.001<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp; It might be good to add a refereence to RFC2914 ??<o:p></o:p></=
pre>
<pre>&nbsp; Just thinking aloud.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>OLD: <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style=3D"fon=
t-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">Description:&nbsp; Provide the ability to=
 avoid congestion by modifying<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the device's reporting rate for periodical d=
ata (which is usually<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; redundant) based on the importance and relia=
bility level of the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; management data.&nbsp; This functionality is=
 usually controlled by the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; managing entity, where the managing entity m=
arks the data as<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; important or relevant for reliability.&nbsp;=
 However reducing a<br>
&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;device's reporting rate can also be initiate=
d by a device if it is<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; able to detect congestion or has insufficien=
t buffer memory.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<pre>NEW: <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style=3D"fon=
t-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">Description:&nbsp; Support congestion con=
trol principles as defined by [RFC2914],
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style=3D"fon=
t-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;e.g. =
&nbsp;the ability to avoid congestion by modifying<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the device's reporting rate for periodical d=
ata (which is usually<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; redundant) based on the importance and relia=
bility level of the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; management data.&nbsp; This functionality is=
 usually controlled by the<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; managing entity, where the managing entity m=
arks the data as<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; important or relevant for reliability.&nbsp;=
 However reducing a<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; device's reporting rate can also be initiate=
d by a device if it is<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; able to detect congestion or has insufficien=
t buffer memory.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<pre>Add [RFC2914] to the Informational References section<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>- for requirement 4.9.003<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>&nbsp; is that more or less an &quot;implementation&quot; suggestion f=
or requirement 4.9.001 ??<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm">PROPOSED RESOLUTION=
: reject &#8211; congestion avoidance is only one of the reasons traffic de=
lay is applied in networks, so 4.9.003 is not necessarily related to 4.9.00=
1<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm">Comments from Bert =
Greevenbosch:
<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/opsawg/current/msg03116.htm=
l">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/opsawg/current/msg03116.html</a><o:=
p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
<pre>(BG1) Section 2: &quot;tininess&quot; can be replaced by &quot;contrai=
nts&quot;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: s/tininess/constraints/<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG2) Section 2: &quot;constraindness&quot; -&gt; constrainedness&quot=
;, &quot;therefor&quot; -&gt; &quot;therefore&quot;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG3) Section 3.1, req 4.1.001: Device type should be &quot;C0, C1 and=
/or C2&quot; as described in section 3.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG4) Section 3.1, req 4.1.002: &quot;This implies that e.g. the manag=
ing entity is able to handle huge amount of device monitoring data and the =
management protocol is not sensitive to the decrease of the time between tw=
o client requests.&quot;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>- I think this would better be a separate requirement.<o:p></o:p></pre=
>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: reject &#8211; this sentence clarifies scalabilit=
y as enounced in the previous sentence.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG5) Section 3.1, req 4.1.004: &quot;One way to achieve this is to ad=
opt a RESTful architecture that minimizes the amount of state maintained by=
 managed constrained devices and that makes resources of a device addressab=
le via URIs.&quot;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>- This is a solution, not a requirement. I think the text can be delet=
ed.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept &#8211; delete or separate the sentence in=
 a note after the requirement<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG6) Section 3.1, req 4.1.006: &quot;Intermediaries may be used that =
provide information for devices currently inactive or that take responsibil=
ity to resynchronize devices when they become reachable again after an exte=
nded offline period.&quot;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>- This is a solution, not a requirement. I think the text can be delet=
ed.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: same as the previous<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG7) Section 3.1, req 4.1.007: &quot;The identification of the releva=
nt subset of policies to be provisioned is according to the capabilities of=
 each device and can be obtained from a pre-configured data-repository.&quo=
t;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>- This is a solution, not a requirement. I think the text can be delet=
ed.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: move text starting from this sentence to a separa=
te note. The text is important to be maintained as in underlines the use of=
 templates filtered by device roles and capacities<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG8) Section 3.2, req 4.2.002: is this a non-functional requirement? =
If so, write this in requirement type.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: reject &#8211; this is a functional requirement<o=
:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG9) Section 3.2, req 4.2.003: &quot;As such, this requirement is mar=
ked as optional.&quot;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>- I think most requirements are optional at this point, since the draf=
t does not point at a specific solution. Delete the sentence.<o:p></o:p></p=
re>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG10) Section 3.2, req 4.2.004: &quot;Hence this requirement is marke=
d optional for device class C2.&quot; <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>- This can be deleted; it should have been device class C0 (most const=
rained) anyway.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG11) Sentences like those in BG9 and BG10 appear also elsewhere. Pro=
pose to remove.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG12) Section 3.2, req 4.2.004: &quot;Device type: C2&quot;, add &quo=
t;C1&quot;. (related to BG10)<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: add &quot;C1 (optional)&quot;. s/Hence this requi=
rement is marked optional for devices class C2/ Hence this requirement is m=
arked optional for devices class C1/<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG12) Section 3.2, req 4.2.006: &quot;Device type: C2&quot;, add &quo=
t;C1&quot;.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: add &quot;C1 (optional)&quot;. s/Hence this requi=
rement is marked optional for devices class C2/ Hence this requirement is m=
arked optional for devices class C1/<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG13) Section 3.3, req 4.3.003: the description should be more verbos=
e and explicit.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: reject &#8211; what is missing? <o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG14) Section 3.3, req 4.3.003: why does the requirement not apply to=
 C0 devices? They may be sleepy and thus require asynchronous transactions.=
<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: reject &#8211; we do not believe rollback can be =
implemented on C0 devices<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG15) Section 3.4, req 4.4.001: &quot;data caching mechanism&quot; re=
quires a definition or explanation.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG16) Section 3.4, req 4.4.004 is marked as &quot;low priority&quot;.=
 Isn't network status monitoring a major use-case?<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: reject &#8211; we are talking about the computed =
network status<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG17) Section 3.4, req 4.4.006 contains &quot;(TBD)&quot;. Remove.<o:=
p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG18) Section 3.4, req 4.4.011: should C0 (low priority) be mentioned=
?<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre><span style=3D"font-size:10.5pt">PROPOSED RESOLUTION: s/Low for C1/Low=
 for C0 and C1/</span><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG19) Section 3.6, req 4.6.001: &quot;In certain application scenario=
s, it is possible that a large number of devices need to be (re)started at =
about the same time. Protocols and authentication systems should be designe=
d such that a large number of devices (re)starting simultaneously does not =
negatively impact the device authentication process.&quot;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>- I think this should be a requirement on its own.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PRPOSED RESOLUTION: reject, this sentence defines a specific mode of w=
ork and scalability for authentication &#8211; it does belong here<o:p></o:=
p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG20) Section 3.6, req 4.6.002: propose to change &quot;add them to a=
ccess control lists.&quot; to &quot;provide them with appropriate access co=
ntrol permissions.&quot;, as &quot;access control lists&quot; are a specifi=
c solution.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG21) Section 3.6, req 4.6.004: &quot;(like some elliptic curve algor=
ithm)&quot; can be deleted, as it seems unnecessary information.<o:p></o:p>=
</pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG22) Section 3.6, req 4.6.004: why is there a distinction in priorit=
y between hardware-supported algorithms and other algorithms? I propose to =
set the priority of all to &quot;high&quot;.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: reject, the difference in priority originates in =
the fact that SW-based mechanisms are more resource demanding<o:p></o:p></p=
re>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG23) Section 3.7, req 4.7.003: &quot;The device will support layer 2=
 energy management protocols (e.g. energy-efficient Ethernet IEEE 802.3az) =
and be able to report on these.&quot;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>- This should be rephrased to &quot;If the device supports layer 2 ...=
, it should be able to report on these&quot;.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG24) Section 3.10, req 4.10.001: &quot;not sensitive to the decrease=
 of the time between two client requests.&quot;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>- Propose to change to &quot;not sensitive to a high rate of incoming =
client requests.&quot;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG25) Section 3.10: put a &quot;---&quot; line between reqs 4.10.003 =
and 4.10.004.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG26) Section 3.11: put a &quot;---&quot; line between reqs 4.11.001 =
and 4.11.002.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG27) Section 5: &quot;If specific requirements for security will be =
identified, they will be described in future versions of this document.&quo=
t;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>- There are already security requirements in section 3.6, let's mentio=
n that in the security considerations section.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept, already addressed by the resolution to a =
previous comment<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG28) Appendix A has some overlap with draft-greevenbosch-coman-candi=
date-tech, which also describes current available technology.<o:p></o:p></p=
re>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: deleted appendices A and B<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG29) Appendix A.3 &quot;OMA&quot; should mention that the OMA LwM2M =
Technical Specification (TS) has now reached candidate status. The appendix=
 currently only mentions the LwM2M requirements document.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: see above<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>(BG30) Appendix C: &quot;Section 4 on the management requirements ... =
needs further consolidation.&quot;<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre>- I think this has already been done. In any case, the appendix can be=
 removed.<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: accept &#8211; remove section<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>Comments from Hui Deng: <a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/we=
b/opsawg/current/msg03105.html">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/opsawg=
/current/msg03105.html</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 leve=
l1 lfo4"><![if !supportLists]><span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><span style=3D"=
mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style=3D"font:7.0pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;">&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</span></span></span><![endif]><span dir=3D"LTR"></span><span style=3D"colo=
r:#1F497D">in section 3., a section of &#8216;IPv4/v6 address management&#8=
217; could be helpful, including the discussion of different types of ip ad=
dresses on devices, link-local, global, private,
 etc.. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">It is not really clear what the comm=
enter means here. Mehmet asked, we did not see an answer yet.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"text-indent:36.0pt"><span style=3D"color:#1=
F497D">2. in Appendix A, any relevant discussion in &#8216;oneM2M&#8217;?
</span><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&qu=
ot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>PROPOSED RESOLUTION: see above, appendix removed<o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<pre>Comments from James Nguyen: <a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/mail-archiv=
e/web/opsawg/current/msg03127.html">http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/op=
sawg/current/msg03127.html</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
<pre><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></pre>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(1) Req-ID 4.3.002 Title: Capacity D=
iscovery<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;I don't quite un=
derstand this req. &nbsp;Please be more specific.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">The commenter took back his comment =
after being pointed by Juergen to the relevant text.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(2) Section 3.3 Configuration Manage=
ment<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Session-oriented=
 configuration protocol may be expensive for managing a large number of sim=
ilar devices. &nbsp;In a case when common redundant configurations is issue=
d,
 reliable multicast with negative acknowledgement (e.g. Negative ACKnowledg=
ement (NACK)-Oriented Reliable Multicast (NORM)) would work best. &nbsp;I s=
uggest to add a reliable transport requirement in this section. &nbsp;Moreo=
ver, a common data model would be needed.
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Stateless config=
uration update solution would also work well for constrained networks.<o:p>=
</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">DISCUSS: Juergen had an exchange of =
mails with the commenter &#8211; not clear what edits are required if any.
</span><span style=3D"color:black">: The concern is that 4.10.003 asks for =
Best-effort multicast only and lets reliable multicast out. We cannot list =
reliable multicast as a requirements as it is hard to achieve and only need=
ed by special use cases like the ones
 James is mentioning. We are in favor of keeping the draft more generic and=
 not include such special use cases mentioned by James. Also we mentioned &=
#8220;stateless&#8221; already in the architecture requirement 4.1.004 with=
 req on RESTful protocols.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">(3) Section 3.8 Group-based provisio=
ning<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;As I mentioned i=
n (2), a common data model would be required for common redundant configura=
tions. &nbsp;I suggest to add this requirement here.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">PROPOSED RESOLUTION: In section 3.8:=
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">OLD:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style=3D"fon=
t-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">Description:&nbsp; Support group-based pr=
ovisioning, i.e. firmware update<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and configuration management, of a large set=
 of constrained<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; devices with eventual consistency and coordi=
nated reload times.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The device should accept group-based configu=
ration management<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; based on bulk commands, which aim similar co=
nfigurations of a<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; large set of constrained devices of the same=
 type in a given<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; group.&nbsp; Activation of configuration may=
 be based on pre-loaded<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sets of default values.</span><o:p></o:p></p=
>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">NEW:
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style=3D"fon=
t-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">Description:&nbsp; Support group-based pr=
ovisioning, i.e. firmware update<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; and configuration management, of a large set=
 of constrained<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; devices with eventual consistency and coordi=
nated reload times.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The device should accept group-based configu=
ration management<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; based on bulk commands, which aim similar co=
nfigurations of a<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; large set of constrained devices of the same=
 type in a given<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; group, and which may share a common data mod=
el. Activation of <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoPlainText" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style=3D"fon=
t-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;confi=
guration may be based on pre-loaded sets of default values.</span><o:p></o:=
p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;">Dan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Ti=
mes New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoListParagraph" style=3D"margin-left:0cm"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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A new version of I-D, draft-winter-opsawg-eap-metadata-00.txt
has been successfully submitted by Stefan Winter and posted to the
IETF repository.

Name:		draft-winter-opsawg-eap-metadata
Revision:	00
Title:		A Configuration File Format for Extensible Authentication
Protocol (EAP) Deployments
Document date:	2014-02-10
Group:		Individual Submission
Pages:		17
URL:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-winter-opsawg-eap-metadata-00.t=
xt
Status:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-winter-opsawg-eap-metadata/
Htmlized:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-winter-opsawg-eap-metadata-00


Abstract:
   This document specifies a file format for transfering configuration
   information of deployments of the Extensible Authentication Protocol
   (EAP).  Such configuration files are meant to be discovered, consumed
   and used by EAP supplicant software to achieve secure and automatic
   EAP configuration on the consuming device.





Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submiss=
ion
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The IETF Secretariat




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From stefan.winter@restena.lu  Mon Feb 10 04:53:27 2014
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Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2014 13:53:10 +0100
From: Stefan Winter <stefan.winter@restena.lu>
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Subject: [OPSAWG] EAP configuration metadata draft
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Hello,

I would like to draw your attention to my submission of
draft-winter-opsawg-eap-metadata-00 (
http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-winter-opsawg-eap-metadata/ ).

I would like to ask the community how they feel about this work - is it
needed, are we on the right track, etc.

As a teaser for why our group thinks this piece of work is important and
useful, please see the beginning of the Problem Statement section,
pasted here for your convenience:

"The IETF has produced the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP,
   [RFC3748] and numerous EAP methods (for example EAP-TTLS [RFC5281],
   EAP-TLS [RFC5216] and [RFC5931]); the methods have many properties
   which need to be setup on the EAP server and matched as configuration
   items on the EAP peer for a secure EAP deployment.

   Setting up these configuration items is comparatively easy if the
   end-user devices which implement the EAP peer functionality are under
   central administrative control, e.g. in closed enterprise
   environments.  Group policies or device provisioning by the IT
   department can push the settings to user devices.

   In other environments, for example "BYOD" scenarios where users bring
   their own devices which are not under enterprise control, or in EAP-
   based WISP environments (see e.g. [HS20] and
   [I-D.wierenga-ietf-eduroam]) where it is not desired neither for the
   ISP nor for his user that the device control is in the ISPs hands,
   configuration of EAP is significantly harder as it has to be done by
   potentially very non-technical end users."

There's plenty of proprietary approaches, they all vary in richness of
expressability, most don't have complete public schemas or are even in
binary with no explanations on how to construct them as an outsider.

We find the lack of a public specification disturbing.

It leads to duplication of efforts in numerous organisations,
incompatiblities between the produced formats, and sometimes simply
leads to bad quality specs.

BTW, I have teased the list earlier (see my posting on 18 Dec 2013), and
already got an on-list response (as well as offline).

I believe this warrants allocation of slot time in London, and I would
at this point ask the chairs if it's possible to get 5 mins (more if you
have plenty :-) ) to discuss the problem itself and the solution we've
put together in this first draft.

Greetings,

Stefan Winter

--=20
Stefan WINTER
Ingenieur de Recherche
Fondation RESTENA - R=E9seau T=E9l=E9informatique de l'Education National=
e et
de la Recherche
6, rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi
L-1359 Luxembourg

Tel: +352 424409 1
Fax: +352 422473

PGP key updated to 4096 Bit RSA - I will encrypt all mails if the
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http://pgp.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=3Dget&search=3D0xC0DE6A358A39DC66

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Subject: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-vmm-mib-00.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
 This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working Group Working Group of the IETF.

        Title           : Management Information Base for Virtual Machines Controlled by a Hypervisor
        Authors         : Hirochika Asai
                          Michael MacFaden
                          Juergen Schoenwaelder
                          Keiichi Shima
                          Tina Tsou
	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-vmm-mib-00.txt
	Pages           : 58
	Date            : 2014-02-10

Abstract:
   This document defines a portion of the Management Information Base
   (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet
   community.  In particular, this specifies objects for managing
   virtual machines controlled by a hypervisor (a.k.a. virtual machine
   monitor).


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-vmm-mib/

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-vmm-mib-00


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


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From adrian@olddog.co.uk  Thu Feb 13 04:10:33 2014
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From: "Adrian Farrel" <adrian@olddog.co.uk>
To: <Opsawg@ietf.org>
Date: Thu, 13 Feb 2014 12:10:20 -0000
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Cc: draft-farrkingel-pce-abno-architecture@tools.ietf.org
Subject: [OPSAWG] Ops Area review of draft-farrkingel-pce-abno-architecture
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Hi Ops Area Working Group,

Dan and I have a little draft showing how a number of IETF components can be
bundled together to provide application-based network operation. We think the
draft is almost ready to be published as an RFC so we are calling for review and
input.

Comments on the list or direct to the authors at
draft-farrkingel-pce-abno-architecture@tools.ietf.org

Thanks!

Adrian

> -----Original Message-----
> From: I-D-Announce [mailto:i-d-announce-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> internet-drafts@ietf.org
> Sent: 13 February 2014 11:50
> To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
> Subject: I-D Action: draft-farrkingel-pce-abno-architecture-07.txt
> 
> 
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
directories.
> 
> 
>         Title           : A PCE-based Architecture for Application-based
Network
> Operations
>         Authors         : Daniel King
>                           Adrian Farrel
> 	Filename        : draft-farrkingel-pce-abno-architecture-07.txt
> 	Pages           : 62
> 	Date            : 2014-02-13
> 
> Abstract:
>    Services such as content distribution, distributed databases, or
>    inter-data center connectivity place a set of new requirements on the
>    operation of networks.  They need on-demand and application-specific
>    reservation of network connectivity, reliability, and resources (such
>    as bandwidth) in a variety of network applications (such as point-to-
>    point connectivity, network virtualization, or mobile back-haul) and
>    in a range of network technologies from packet (IP/MPLS) down to
>    optical.  An environment that operates to meet this type of
>    requirement is said to have Application-Based Network Operations
>    (ABNO).
> 
>    ABNO brings together many existing technologies for gathering
>    information about the resources available in a network, for
>    consideration of topologies and how those topologies map to
>    underlying network resources, for requesting path computation, and
>    for provisioning or reserving network resources.  Thus, ABNO may be
>    seen as the use of a toolbox of existing components enhanced with a
>    few new elements.  The key component within an ABNO is the Path
>    Computation Element (PCE), which can be used for computing paths and
>    is further extended to provide policy enforcement capabilities for
>    ABNO.
> 
>    This document describes an architecture and framework for ABNO
>    showing how these components fit together.  It provides a cookbook of
>    existing technologies to satisfy the architecture and meet the needs
>    of the applications.
> 
> 
> The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-farrkingel-pce-abno-architecture/
> 
> There's also a htmlized version available at:
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-farrkingel-pce-abno-architecture-07
> 
> A diff from the previous version is available at:
> http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-farrkingel-pce-abno-architecture-07
> 
> 
> Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
> until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.
> 
> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
> 
> _______________________________________________
> I-D-Announce mailing list
> I-D-Announce@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/i-d-announce
> Internet-Draft directories: http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html
> or ftp://ftp.ietf.org/ietf/1shadow-sites.txt


From nobody Fri Feb 14 06:43:23 2014
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Subject: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
 This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working Group Working Group of the IETF.

        Title           : CAPWAP Extension for 802.11n and Power/channel Autoconfiguration
        Authors         : Yifan Chen
                          Dapeng Liu
                          Hui Deng
                          Lei Zhu
	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02.txt
	Pages           : 15
	Date            : 2014-02-14

Abstract:
   CAPWAP binding for 802.11 is specified by RFC5416 and it was based on
   IEEE 802-11.2007 standard.  After RFC5416 was published in 2009,
   there were several new amendments of 802.11 have been published.
   802.11n is one of those amendments and it has been widely used in
   real deployment.  This document extends the CAPWAP binding for 802.11
   to support 802.11n and also defines a power and channel auto
   configuration extension.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension/

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


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Subject: [OPSAWG] Fwd: I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02.txt
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--001a1134044c50da3c04f25ee4e0
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Hello all,

We have updated the capwap 802.11n extension draft. Any comments will be
appreciated.

Cheers,
Dapeng Liu

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: <internet-drafts@ietf.org>
Date: 2014-02-14 22:43 GMT+08:00
Subject: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02.txt
To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
Cc: opsawg@ietf.org



A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
directories.
 This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working
Group Working Group of the IETF.

        Title           : CAPWAP Extension for 802.11n and Power/channel
Autoconfiguration
        Authors         : Yifan Chen
                          Dapeng Liu
                          Hui Deng
                          Lei Zhu
        Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02.txt
        Pages           : 15
        Date            : 2014-02-14

Abstract:
   CAPWAP binding for 802.11 is specified by RFC5416 and it was based on
   IEEE 802-11.2007 standard.  After RFC5416 was published in 2009,
   there were several new amendments of 802.11 have been published.
   802.11n is one of those amendments and it has been widely used in
   real deployment.  This document extends the CAPWAP binding for 802.11
   to support 802.11n and also defines a power and channel auto
   configuration extension.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension/

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/

_______________________________________________
OPSAWG mailing list
OPSAWG@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg



-- 

------
Best Regards,
Dapeng Liu

--001a1134044c50da3c04f25ee4e0
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr">Hello all,<div><br></div><div>We have updated the capwap 8=
02.11n extension draft. Any comments will be appreciated.</div><div><br></d=
iv><div>Cheers,</div><div>Dapeng Liu<br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">----=
------ Forwarded message ----------<br>
From: <b class=3D"gmail_sendername"></b> <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"m=
ailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org">internet-drafts@ietf.org</a>&gt;</span><br>=
Date: 2014-02-14 22:43 GMT+08:00<br>Subject: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-iet=
f-opsawg-capwap-extension-02.txt<br>
To: <a href=3D"mailto:i-d-announce@ietf.org">i-d-announce@ietf.org</a><br>C=
c: <a href=3D"mailto:opsawg@ietf.org">opsawg@ietf.org</a><br><br><br><br>
A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.<br>
=A0This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working =
Group Working Group of the IETF.<br>
<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Title =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 : CAPWAP Extension for 802.11n an=
d Power/channel Autoconfiguration<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Authors =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 : Yifan Chen<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Dapeng Liu<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Hui Deng<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Lei Zhu<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Filename =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0: draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extensio=
n-02.txt<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Pages =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 : 15<br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Date =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0: 2014-02-14<br>
<br>
Abstract:<br>
=A0 =A0CAPWAP binding for 802.11 is specified by RFC5416 and it was based o=
n<br>
=A0 =A0IEEE 802-11.2007 standard. =A0After RFC5416 was published in 2009,<b=
r>
=A0 =A0there were several new amendments of 802.11 have been published.<br>
=A0 =A0802.11n is one of those amendments and it has been widely used in<br=
>
=A0 =A0real deployment. =A0This document extends the CAPWAP binding for 802=
.11<br>
=A0 =A0to support 802.11n and also defines a power and channel auto<br>
=A0 =A0configuration extension.<br>
<br>
<br>
The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:<br>
<a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extens=
ion/" target=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-=
capwap-extension/</a><br>
<br>
There&#39;s also a htmlized version available at:<br>
<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02=
" target=3D"_blank">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-ext=
ension-02</a><br>
<br>
A diff from the previous version is available at:<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-exte=
nsion-02" target=3D"_blank">http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-o=
psawg-capwap-extension-02</a><br>
<br>
<br>
Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submissio=
n<br>
until the htmlized version and diff are available at <a href=3D"http://tool=
s.ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">tools.ietf.org</a>.<br>
<br>
Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:<br>
<a href=3D"ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/" target=3D"_blank">ftp://ftp=
.ietf.org/internet-drafts/</a><br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
OPSAWG mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org">OPSAWG@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg" target=3D"_blank">=
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a><br>
</div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br><br>------<br>Best Regard=
s,<br>Dapeng Liu
</div></div>

--001a1134044c50da3c04f25ee4e0--


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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Review of draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-01: Section 4.2
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--089e0118475ab61aec04f25eecee
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Hello Tom,

Thanks a lot for your review and comments.

We submit a new version to address your comments. Please kind help to
review.'

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02

Cheers,
Dapeng Liu


2013-11-07 22:35 GMT+08:00 Tom Taylor <tom.taylor.stds@gmail.com>:

> Section 4.2 of draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-01 defines the 802.11n
> Radio Configuration message element. I have some comments here:
>
> (1) Wouldn't this element appear in the CAPWAP Configuration Update
> Response message as well as the Request?
>
> (2) What are A-MSDU, A-MPDU? Need a little explanation. Similarly, what is
> MCS, and what is the difference between maximal supported and maximal
> mandatory MCS?
>
> (3) Are the antennae all the same, so ordering does not matter, or do
> particular bits correspond to particular uniquely identifiable antennae.
>
> Tom Taylor
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>



-- 

------
Best Regards,
Dapeng Liu

--089e0118475ab61aec04f25eecee
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<div dir=3D"ltr">Hello Tom,<div><br></div><div>Thanks a lot for your review=
 and comments.</div><div><br></div><div>We submit a new version to address =
your comments. Please kind help to review.&#39;</div><div><br></div><div><a=
 href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02">=
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02</a><br>
</div><div><br></div><div>Cheers,</div><div>Dapeng Liu</div></div><div clas=
s=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">2013-11-07 22:35 GMT+0=
8:00 Tom Taylor <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:tom.taylor.stds@gma=
il.com" target=3D"_blank">tom.taylor.stds@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span>:<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Section 4.2 of draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-<u><=
/u>extension-01 defines the 802.11n Radio Configuration message element. I =
have some comments here:<br>

<br>
(1) Wouldn&#39;t this element appear in the CAPWAP Configuration Update Res=
ponse message as well as the Request?<br>
<br>
(2) What are A-MSDU, A-MPDU? Need a little explanation. Similarly, what is =
MCS, and what is the difference between maximal supported and maximal manda=
tory MCS?<br>
<br>
(3) Are the antennae all the same, so ordering does not matter, or do parti=
cular bits correspond to particular uniquely identifiable antennae.<span cl=
ass=3D"HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"><br>
<br>
Tom Taylor<br>
______________________________<u></u>_________________<br>
OPSAWG mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">OPSAWG@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg" target=3D"_blank">=
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/<u></u>listinfo/opsawg</a><br>
</font></span></blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <b=
r><br>------<br>Best Regards,<br>Dapeng Liu
</div>

--089e0118475ab61aec04f25eecee--


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Message-ID: <CAKcc6AdmSmb4wuKgLEUqxDBHBW7Sd0o62b3w1rY8T6DvW0sHpg@mail.gmail.com>
From: Liu Dapeng <maxpassion@gmail.com>
To: Tom Taylor <tom.taylor.stds@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] WTP scan process in draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-01
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--089e0111da1eb0fbc404f25ef7c0
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Dear Tom,

We have submitted a new version of the draft and it address your comments
here. Could you kind help to review it?

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02

Thanks,
Dapeng Liu


2013-11-08 7:28 GMT+08:00 Tom Taylor <tom.taylor.stds@gmail.com>:

> I'm not clear on the description of scan only mode. Is it correct that the
> WTP provides no service to stations when operating in this as opposed to
> active mode? If so, setting PrimeChnlSrvTime to 0 makes sense, but there
> should also be an explicit statement that no service is provided. If not,
> it makes no sense to set PrimeChnlSrvTime to 0.
>
> Follow-up question: if no service is provided, is that true until the WTP
> is reconfigured, or only until scanning is complete?
>
> Tom Taylor
>



-- 

------
Best Regards,
Dapeng Liu

--089e0111da1eb0fbc404f25ef7c0
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
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<div dir=3D"ltr">Dear Tom,<div><br></div><div>We have submitted a new versi=
on of the draft and it address your comments here. Could you kind help to r=
eview it?</div><div><br></div><div><a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/dr=
aft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-=
opsawg-capwap-extension-02</a><br>
</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks,</div><div>Dapeng Liu</div></div><div clas=
s=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">2013-11-08 7:28 GMT+08=
:00 Tom Taylor <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:tom.taylor.stds@gmai=
l.com" target=3D"_blank">tom.taylor.stds@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span>:<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">I&#39;m not clear on the description of scan=
 only mode. Is it correct that the WTP provides no service to stations when=
 operating in this as opposed to active mode? If so, setting PrimeChnlSrvTi=
me to 0 makes sense, but there should also be an explicit statement that no=
 service is provided. If not, it makes no sense to set PrimeChnlSrvTime to =
0.<br>

<br>
Follow-up question: if no service is provided, is that true until the WTP i=
s reconfigured, or only until scanning is complete?<span class=3D"HOEnZb"><=
font color=3D"#888888"><br>
<br>
Tom Taylor<br>
</font></span></blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <b=
r><br>------<br>Best Regards,<br>Dapeng Liu
</div>

--089e0111da1eb0fbc404f25ef7c0--


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Subject: [OPSAWG] Preliminary OPSAWG agenda.
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Dear OpsAWG.

Here is the preliminary schedule for the OpsAWG meeting at IETF 89 in London.
Our meeting is currently scheduled for 1610-1840 GMT on Tuesday.

Please come prepared, by having read the drafts, and armed with
questions/ comments.

We *do* still have a small amount of agenda time, please know if you
have any issues you'd like to discuss / present, but remember -- you
need to have had some (on-list!) discussions to qualify for this
special, limited time offer...

Thanks,
Your friendly OpsAWG chairs...


Joint OpsAWG / Ops-Area
======================
Ops Area, by the OpsADs
--------------------------------------------
Including such things as (non-authorative!):
Invited talk on operational considerations in pervasive monitoring
Stephen Farrell - 20 minutes.

draft-winter-opsawg-eap-metadata-00

Discuss the SNMPSet vs YANG statement.
Benoit Claise.


OpsAWG:
------------------
Administrivia.
including Draft status updates, etc.
OpsAWG chairs - 10 minutes.

Update on ETSI NFV Management & Orchestration WG
Ersue, Mehmet - 10 minutes

Network Configuration Negotiation Problem Statement and Requirements
draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps
Brian Carpenter - 15 minutes.

The COMAN drafts:
draft-ersue-opsawg-coman-probstate-reqs-00
draft-ersue-opsawg-coman-use-cases-00
Ersue, Mehmet  - 15 minutes.

The CAPWAP drafts:
Comments/discussion on draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-hybridmac
Comments/discussion on draft-zhang-opsawg-capwap-cds-01
Rajesh Pazhyannur - 15 minutes.


From nobody Fri Feb 14 12:20:09 2014
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
 This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working Group Working Group of the IETF.

        Title           : IEEE 802.11 MAC Profile for CAPWAP
        Authors         : Chunju Shao
                          Hui Deng
                          Rajesh S. Pazhyannur
                          Farooq Bari
                          Rong Zhang
                          Satoru Matsushima
	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-hybridmac-02.txt
	Pages           : 10
	Date            : 2014-02-14

Abstract:
   CAPWAP defines two entities Wireless Transmission Point (WTP) and
   Access Controller (AC).  CAPWAP also defines two MAC (Medium Access
   Control) modes for IEEE 802.11 WTPs: Split and Local MAC . For each
   MAC mode, CAPWAP describes how the MAC functionality is split between
   the WTP and AC.  However, certain functions have not been clearly
   defined.  For example for the Split MAC mode, the IEEE 802.11
   encryption is specified as located in either the AC or the WTP with
   no clear way for the AC to inform the WTP where it should be.  This
   lack of specification leads to interoperability especially when AC
   and WTP come from different vendors.  To solve the problem, this
   specification defines a IEEE 802.11 MAC profile where each profile
   specifies an unambigous division of functionality between the WTP and
   AC.  The IEEE 802.11 MAC profile is used as follows: The WTP informs
   the AC of the supported profiles during the discovery or join process
   and the AC configures the WTP with one of the supported profiles
   while configuring a WLAN.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-hybridmac/

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-hybridmac-02

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-hybridmac-02


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From nobody Fri Feb 14 13:55:01 2014
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
 This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working Group Working Group of the IETF.

        Title           : Management of Networks with Constrained Devices: Problem Statement and Requirements
        Authors         : Mehmet Ersue
                          Dan Romascanu
                          Juergen Schoenwaelder
	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-coman-probstate-reqs-01.txt
	Pages           : 52
	Date            : 2014-02-14

Abstract:
   This document provides a problem statement, deployment and management
   topology options as well as the requirements for the management of
   networks where constrained devices are involved.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-coman-probstate-reqs/

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http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-coman-probstate-reqs-01

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From nobody Fri Feb 14 14:03:45 2014
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
 This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working Group Working Group of the IETF.

        Title           : Management of Networks with Constrained Devices: Use Cases
        Authors         : Mehmet Ersue
                          Dan Romascanu
                          Juergen Schoenwaelder
                          Anuj Sehgal
	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-coman-use-cases-01.txt
	Pages           : 30
	Date            : 2014-02-14

Abstract:
   This document discusses the use cases concerning the management of
   networks, where constrained devices are involved.  A problem
   statement, deployment options and the requirements on the networks
   with constrained devices can be found in the companion document on
   "Management of Networks with Constrained Devices: Problem Statement
   and Requirements".


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-coman-use-cases/

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http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-coman-use-cases-01

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From: "Ersue, Mehmet (NSN - DE/Munich)" <mehmet.ersue@nsn.com>
To: "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Coman drafts for IETF #89
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All,

we submitted the two Coman drafts for IETF #89.
Your comments are appreciated.

Management of Networks with Constrained Devices: Problem Statement and Requ=
irements
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-coman-probstate-reqs-01

Management of Networks with Constrained Devices: Use Cases
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-coman-use-cases-01

Regards,
Mehmet




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<div>All,</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>we submitted the two Coman drafts for IETF #89. </div>
<div>Your comments are appreciated.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Management of Networks with Constrained Devices: Problem Statement and=
 Requirements</div>
<div><a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-coman-probstat=
e-reqs-01"><font color=3D"blue"><u>http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-op=
sawg-coman-probstate-reqs-01</u></font></a></div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Management of Networks with Constrained Devices: Use Cases</div>
<div><a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-coman-use-case=
s-01"><font color=3D"blue"><u>http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-=
coman-use-cases-01</u></font></a></div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri" size=3D"2" color=3D"#0000CC"><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri" size=3D"2" color=3D"#0000CC"><span style=3D"fon=
t-size:11pt;">Regards,
<br>

Mehmet </span></font></div>
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From nobody Fri Feb 14 17:20:52 2014
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Date: Sat, 15 Feb 2014 10:20:40 +0900
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From: Randy Bush <randy@psg.com>
To: Warren Kumari <warren@kumari.net>
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warren and any other friendly opsawg chairs:

i have been told that you are actually wasting air time discussing snmp
write for configuration of devices.  i thought we had and finished that
discussion over a decade ago at ietf 51 in london.  we were in a large
room with many operators, and i asked all those operators who had snmp
write enabled to raise their hands.  zero, count them zero, hands went
up.  this resulted in the formation of the interminable netconf effort.

and i have the tee shirt, see <http://archive.psg.com/140215.cli-tee/>

just because we're going to be back in london does not mean we need to
replay history.

randy


From nobody Fri Feb 14 18:53:18 2014
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On 2/14/14 4:20 PM, Randy Bush wrote:
> i have been told that you are actually wasting air time discussing snmp
> write for configuration of devices.  i thought we had and finished that
> discussion over a decade ago at ietf 51 in london.  

My understanding of the situation (and I could be wrong) is that
someone recently did develop a spec in which they used SNMP to
write to devices.

I believe the intent behind putting it on the agenda is to
say "Don't do that" and provide a reminder of why not.  Personally,
I wish someone had set out those guidelines before we made the
decision to use SNMP for midcom a decade ago.

Melinda


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From: Xiayinben <xiayinben@huawei.com>
To: Warren Kumari <warren@kumari.net>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [OPSAWG] Preliminary OPSAWG agenda.
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To: Randy Bush <randy@psg.com>, Warren Kumari <warren@kumari.net>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Preliminary OPSAWG agenda.
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Dear all,

In order to avoid cross-posting, I replied to the opsarea mailer only 
(the discussion takes place there).
Follow the discussion at 
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ops-area/current/msg01150.html, if 
you're not subscribed to opsarea.

Regards, Benoit
> warren and any other friendly opsawg chairs:
>
> i have been told that you are actually wasting air time discussing snmp
> write for configuration of devices.  i thought we had and finished that
> discussion over a decade ago at ietf 51 in london.  we were in a large
> room with many operators, and i asked all those operators who had snmp
> write enabled to raise their hands.  zero, count them zero, hands went
> up.  this resulted in the formation of the interminable netconf effort.
>
> and i have the tee shirt, see <http://archive.psg.com/140215.cli-tee/>
>
> just because we're going to be back in london does not mean we need to
> replay history.
>
> randy
>
> _______________________________________________
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From: Benoit Claise <bclaise@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Gen-art last call review of draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt
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Elwyn,

Thanks for your review.
I don't plan to reply for the authors (btw, not sure I've seen a reply 
to this), and but a few clarification questions in line, to engage the 
discussion.

> I am the assigned Gen-ART reviewer for this draft. For background on
> Gen-ART, please see the FAQ at
>
> <http://wiki.tools.ietf.org/area/gen/trac/wiki/GenArtfaq>.
>
> Please resolve these comments along with any other Last Call comments
> you may receive.
>
> Document: draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt
> Reviewer: Elwyn Davies
> Review Date: 22 Jan 2013
> IETF LC End Date:25 Jan 2013
> IESG Telechat date: (if known) -
>
> Summary: In my opinion, this draft has serious issues as described
> below.
>
> Major issues:
> General 1: Title vs Abstract vs Section 1 vs actual content:
>
> Here in the UK a well-known brand of varnishes and wood preservative
> paints uses the slogan 'Does what it says on the tin!'.  If my
> understanding and the write-up in RFC 6491, OAM covers a whole lot more
> than the coverage of the specific mechanisms discussed in this
> document .. and there are various other mechanisms such as SNMP and
> Netconf that support the OAM constellation.
Can you provide an example of what you mean here?
Do you mean that SNMP (and NETCONF) can be used to monitor the OAM results?

> I would take the view that
> this document certainly does not 'do what it says on the tin'.
> Accordingly I take issue with the title as it doesn't provide a total
> overview of OAM mechanisms; the abstract closes down the scope of OAM as
> compared with RFC 6491 and s1 restricts it even more - and certainly
> does not summarize all the OAM tools and mechanisms defined in the IETF.
> The last para of s1 claims that 'management aspects are outside the
> scope of this document' - if this is really saying that this 'overview'
> of OAM skips the whole M aspect of OAM then I'm afraid the document is
> badly misnamed.  And it significantly reduces the value of the work.
Ok, the document title could be improved.
>
> General (2): The intended purpose of this document: Back in 2011 Stewart
> Bryant summarized a review of a previous version of this document from
> the routing directorate
> (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/history/ entry dated 2011-08-10 referring to version 05 of the document).  IMO the initial section of that review regarding the audience of this document was well targeted and *has not been fixed*.  If this is intended as an introductory overview for people wishing to see what OAM is about in the IETF then it needs further introductory text and some background.  It should also state what its target audience actually is.
This sentence was added:

       The target audience of this document includes network equipment
        vendors, network operators and standard development organizations,
        and can be used as an index to some of the main OAM tools defined in
        the IETF.

And section 1.2


      1.2
      <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-13#section-1.2>.
      Target Audience



    The target audience of this document includes:

    o Standard development organizations - both IETF working groups and
       non-IETF organizations can benefit from this document when
       designing new OAM protocols, or when looking to reuse existing OAM
       tools for new technologies.

    o Network equipment vendors and network operators - can use this
       document as an index to some of the common IETF OAM tools.

    It should be noted that this document is not necessarily suitable for
    beginners without any background in OAM.


Please let the authors know what you would like to see.

I let the authors/doc. shepherd answer the following points.

Regards, Benoit
>
> General (3): I don't know if Scott Bradner has actually produced a proto
> shpeherd write up, but I would be intrigued to know the level of
> concensus behind this document.  In particular the tool classification
> in s1.1 and terminology in s2 (particularly s2.2.2) is that used
> exclusively in the MPLS-TP work in the IETF which is derived from the
> 802.1ag terminology.  The terminology is presented as if it is common to
> OAM work across the IETF. Does the IETF management community at large
> concur with this expansion of the applicability of the terminology set
> based on 'Management Domains' etc?
>
> General (4): As an overview, I think it would be advisable to point out
> that one reason for the multiplicity of tools is that they support at
> least four different data plane technologies (native IP, vanilla MPLS,
> MPLS-TP and PWE) and note that in several cases the data plane
> technologies rely on distinct (IP-based) management channels to allow
> the information gleaned by the operations in the the data plane to be
> reported back to the application that originated the operation.
>
>
> Minor (or at least less major) issues:
>
> s1, para1: For consistency with  the abstract, s1.1 .. and because I'd
> expect OAM to handle it as well ... OAM deals with performance
> monitoring and statistics gathering as well as dealing with degradation.
>
> s1.1: The section is entitled building blocks but actually only mentions
> one block, i.e., the OAM protocol.  Presumably this section really ought
> to say something about the applications and device drivers that have to
> instantiated in the MPs.  In particular as introduction to the text in
> the following section it should say something about classifying
> applications into continuously running or proactive monitoring and
> on-demand applications (since the latter are introduced without any
> definition in the next section.)
>
>
> s2.2.2/3: I am not familiar with 802.1 management issues and I was
> rather confused by the logical status of MIPs .  The text here seems to
> indicate that they are intermediate and generally don't terminate
> messages but then says in s2.2.3 that messages are 'destined to' MIPs.
> Looking for some additional understanding, I fetched up at Wikipedia
> (now there's a surprise) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1ag.
> This page mentions the concept of maintenance domains and the
> explanation of MIPs as internal points in the domain that generally
> forward messages within the domain whereas end points (MEPs) are
> effectively on the domain boundary. This makes a whole lot more sense
> and seemed to be a rather better set of term definitions than we have in
> this draft.
> I noticed eventually that the term Management Domain (MD) had appeared
> in the first line of s1.1 but does not appear in s2 at all. If we are
> going to accept the Management Domain terminology set, then MD certainly
> ought to be defined and discussed here.
>
>
> s2.2.3, para1, sentence 1:
>>    either initiates or reacts to OAM messages.
> The following sentences contradict this.  Should be 'initiates and/or
> reacts to OAM messages'.  See comment above.
>
> s3, general: The level of detail regarding the various toolsets is not
> very even.  In particular, the MPLS-TP toolset gets significantly more
> attention than others and the detail in OWAMP/TWAMP may be more than is
> desirable for an overview.
>
> s3.1: A few words about the likely suppression of pings and traceroute
> messages due to ICMP filtering is probably desirable as these limit
> their usefulness in the wider Internet.
>
> s3.3: What about RFC6374 (MPLS packet loss measurement)? It appears in
> the list in s1.4 but is not mentioned here.
>
> s3.4.1: Talking about what the MPLS working group 'is currently doing'
> will not be helpful for an archival document.
>
> s3.4.3.1: The OnDemand-CV reference is for non-TP MPLS... do you mean
> RFC 6426 which appears to be the TP variant?
>
> Nits/editorial comments:
> General: For a reader who wants to go on and look at the RFCs that
> define the various tools, it would probably be helpful to use reference
> tags that  either are or include the RFC number.
> s1.3, para 2: s/in several fronts/covering several different approaches/
>
> s2.2.2, last para: Need to expand 'p2mp'.
>
> s3.4.3.8: Should this section reference RFC6375?
>
> s3.5.1: It appears that the basic AC acronym (associated channel) is not
> defined.
>
>


--------------080008020208000101050801
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    <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
      http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Elwyn,<br>
      <br>
      Thanks for your review.<br>
      I don't plan to reply for the authors (btw, not sure I've seen a
      reply to this), and but a few clarification questions in line, to
      engage the discussion.<br>
      <br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:1358863845.28723.19076.camel@mightyatom"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">I am the assigned Gen-ART reviewer for this draft. For background on
Gen-ART, please see the FAQ at

<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="http://wiki.tools.ietf.org/area/gen/trac/wiki/GenArtfaq">&lt;http://wiki.tools.ietf.org/area/gen/trac/wiki/GenArtfaq&gt;</a>.

Please resolve these comments along with any other Last Call comments
you may receive.

Document: draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt
Reviewer: Elwyn Davies
Review Date: 22 Jan 2013
IETF LC End Date:25 Jan 2013
IESG Telechat date: (if known) -

Summary: In my opinion, this draft has serious issues as described
below.

Major issues:
General 1: Title vs Abstract vs Section 1 vs actual content:

Here in the UK a well-known brand of varnishes and wood preservative
paints uses the slogan 'Does what it says on the tin!'.  If my
understanding and the write-up in RFC 6491, OAM covers a whole lot more
than the coverage of the specific mechanisms discussed in this
document .. and there are various other mechanisms such as SNMP and
Netconf that support the OAM constellation.  </pre>
    </blockquote>
    Can you provide an example of what you mean here?<br>
    Do you mean that SNMP (and NETCONF) can be used to monitor the OAM
    results?<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:1358863845.28723.19076.camel@mightyatom"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">I would take the view that
this document certainly does not 'do what it says on the tin'.
Accordingly I take issue with the title as it doesn't provide a total
overview of OAM mechanisms; the abstract closes down the scope of OAM as
compared with RFC 6491 and s1 restricts it even more - and certainly
does not summarize all the OAM tools and mechanisms defined in the IETF.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <blockquote cite="mid:1358863845.28723.19076.camel@mightyatom"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">
The last para of s1 claims that 'management aspects are outside the
scope of this document' - if this is really saying that this 'overview'
of OAM skips the whole M aspect of OAM then I'm afraid the document is
badly misnamed.  And it significantly reduces the value of the work.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    Ok, the document title could be improved.<br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:1358863845.28723.19076.camel@mightyatom"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">

General (2): The intended purpose of this document: Back in 2011 Stewart
Bryant summarized a review of a previous version of this document from
the routing directorate
(<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/history/">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/history/</a> entry dated 2011-08-10 referring to version 05 of the document).  IMO the initial section of that review regarding the audience of this document was well targeted and *has not been fixed*.  If this is intended as an introductory overview for people wishing to see what OAM is about in the IETF then it needs further introductory text and some background.  It should also state what its target audience actually is.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    This sentence was added:<br>
    <blockquote>
      <pre>  The target audience of this document includes network equipment
   vendors, network operators and standard development organizations,
   and can be used as an index to some of the main OAM tools defined in
   the IETF.

</pre>
    </blockquote>
    And section 1.2<br>
    <pre class="newpage"><span class="h3"><h3><a class="selflink" name="section-1.2" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-13#section-1.2">1.2</a>. Target Audience</h3></span>

   The target audience of this document includes:

   o Standard development organizations - both IETF working groups and
      non-IETF organizations can benefit from this document when
      designing new OAM protocols, or when looking to reuse existing OAM
      tools for new technologies.

   o Network equipment vendors and network operators - can use this
      document as an index to some of the common IETF OAM tools.

   It should be noted that this document is not necessarily suitable for
   beginners without any background in OAM.</pre>
    <br>
    Please let the authors know what you would like to see.<br>
    <br>
    I let the authors/doc. shepherd answer the following points.<br>
    <br>
    Regards, Benoit <br>
    <blockquote cite="mid:1358863845.28723.19076.camel@mightyatom"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">

General (3): I don't know if Scott Bradner has actually produced a proto
shpeherd write up, but I would be intrigued to know the level of
concensus behind this document.  In particular the tool classification
in s1.1 and terminology in s2 (particularly s2.2.2) is that used
exclusively in the MPLS-TP work in the IETF which is derived from the
802.1ag terminology.  The terminology is presented as if it is common to
OAM work across the IETF. Does the IETF management community at large
concur with this expansion of the applicability of the terminology set
based on 'Management Domains' etc?

General (4): As an overview, I think it would be advisable to point out
that one reason for the multiplicity of tools is that they support at
least four different data plane technologies (native IP, vanilla MPLS,
MPLS-TP and PWE) and note that in several cases the data plane
technologies rely on distinct (IP-based) management channels to allow
the information gleaned by the operations in the the data plane to be
reported back to the application that originated the operation. 


Minor (or at least less major) issues:

s1, para1: For consistency with  the abstract, s1.1 .. and because I'd 
expect OAM to handle it as well ... OAM deals with performance 
monitoring and statistics gathering as well as dealing with degradation.

s1.1: The section is entitled building blocks but actually only mentions 
one block, i.e., the OAM protocol.  Presumably this section really ought 
to say something about the applications and device drivers that have to 
instantiated in the MPs.  In particular as introduction to the text in 
the following section it should say something about classifying 
applications into continuously running or proactive monitoring and 
on-demand applications (since the latter are introduced without any 
definition in the next section.)


s2.2.2/3: I am not familiar with 802.1 management issues and I was 
rather confused by the logical status of MIPs .  The text here seems to 
indicate that they are intermediate and generally don't terminate 
messages but then says in s2.2.3 that messages are 'destined to' MIPs.  
Looking for some additional understanding, I fetched up at Wikipedia 
(now there's a surprise) <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1ag">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1ag</a>.  
This page mentions the concept of maintenance domains and the 
explanation of MIPs as internal points in the domain that generally 
forward messages within the domain whereas end points (MEPs) are 
effectively on the domain boundary. This makes a whole lot more sense
and seemed to be a rather better set of term definitions than we have in
this draft.  
I noticed eventually that the term Management Domain (MD) had appeared
in the first line of s1.1 but does not appear in s2 at all. If we are
going to accept the Management Domain terminology set, then MD certainly
ought to be defined and discussed here.   


s2.2.3, para1, sentence 1:
</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">  either initiates or reacts to OAM messages.
</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">The following sentences contradict this.  Should be 'initiates and/or 
reacts to OAM messages'.  See comment above.

s3, general: The level of detail regarding the various toolsets is not
very even.  In particular, the MPLS-TP toolset gets significantly more
attention than others and the detail in OWAMP/TWAMP may be more than is
desirable for an overview.

s3.1: A few words about the likely suppression of pings and traceroute 
messages due to ICMP filtering is probably desirable as these limit
their usefulness in the wider Internet.

s3.3: What about RFC6374 (MPLS packet loss measurement)? It appears in
the list in s1.4 but is not mentioned here.

s3.4.1: Talking about what the MPLS working group 'is currently doing' 
will not be helpful for an archival document.

s3.4.3.1: The OnDemand-CV reference is for non-TP MPLS... do you mean 
RFC 6426 which appears to be the TP variant?

Nits/editorial comments:
General: For a reader who wants to go on and look at the RFCs that 
define the various tools, it would probably be helpful to use reference 
tags that  either are or include the RFC number.
s1.3, para 2: s/in several fronts/covering several different approaches/

s2.2.2, last para: Need to expand 'p2mp'.

s3.4.3.8: Should this section reference RFC6375?

s3.5.1: It appears that the basic AC acronym (associated channel) is not 
defined.


</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

--------------080008020208000101050801--


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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Gen-art last call review of draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt
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Elwyn,

Please disregard this email. I wrongly read the date: 22/01/2014 instead 
of 22/01/2013.
My understanding is that the points have been addressed in the version 13.

Regards, Benoit
> Elwyn,
>
> Thanks for your review.
> I don't plan to reply for the authors (btw, not sure I've seen a reply 
> to this), and but a few clarification questions in line, to engage the 
> discussion.
>
>> I am the assigned Gen-ART reviewer for this draft. For background on
>> Gen-ART, please see the FAQ at
>>
>> <http://wiki.tools.ietf.org/area/gen/trac/wiki/GenArtfaq>.
>>
>> Please resolve these comments along with any other Last Call comments
>> you may receive.
>>
>> Document: draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt
>> Reviewer: Elwyn Davies
>> Review Date: 22 Jan 2013
>> IETF LC End Date:25 Jan 2013
>> IESG Telechat date: (if known) -
>>
>> Summary: In my opinion, this draft has serious issues as described
>> below.
>>
>> Major issues:
>> General 1: Title vs Abstract vs Section 1 vs actual content:
>>
>> Here in the UK a well-known brand of varnishes and wood preservative
>> paints uses the slogan 'Does what it says on the tin!'.  If my
>> understanding and the write-up in RFC 6491, OAM covers a whole lot more
>> than the coverage of the specific mechanisms discussed in this
>> document .. and there are various other mechanisms such as SNMP and
>> Netconf that support the OAM constellation.
> Can you provide an example of what you mean here?
> Do you mean that SNMP (and NETCONF) can be used to monitor the OAM 
> results?
>
>> I would take the view that
>> this document certainly does not 'do what it says on the tin'.
>> Accordingly I take issue with the title as it doesn't provide a total
>> overview of OAM mechanisms; the abstract closes down the scope of OAM as
>> compared with RFC 6491 and s1 restricts it even more - and certainly
>> does not summarize all the OAM tools and mechanisms defined in the IETF.
>> The last para of s1 claims that 'management aspects are outside the
>> scope of this document' - if this is really saying that this 'overview'
>> of OAM skips the whole M aspect of OAM then I'm afraid the document is
>> badly misnamed.  And it significantly reduces the value of the work.
> Ok, the document title could be improved.
>> General (2): The intended purpose of this document: Back in 2011 Stewart
>> Bryant summarized a review of a previous version of this document from
>> the routing directorate
>> (https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/history/  entry dated 2011-08-10 referring to version 05 of the document).  IMO the initial section of that review regarding the audience of this document was well targeted and *has not been fixed*.  If this is intended as an introductory overview for people wishing to see what OAM is about in the IETF then it needs further introductory text and some background.  It should also state what its target audience actually is.
> This sentence was added:
>
>        The target audience of this document includes network equipment
>         vendors, network operators and standard development organizations,
>         and can be used as an index to some of the main OAM tools defined in
>         the IETF.
>
> And section 1.2
>
>
>       1.2
>       <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-13#section-1.2>.
>       Target Audience
>
>
>
>     The target audience of this document includes:
>
>     o Standard development organizations - both IETF working groups and
>        non-IETF organizations can benefit from this document when
>        designing new OAM protocols, or when looking to reuse existing OAM
>        tools for new technologies.
>
>     o Network equipment vendors and network operators - can use this
>        document as an index to some of the common IETF OAM tools.
>
>     It should be noted that this document is not necessarily suitable for
>     beginners without any background in OAM.
>
> Please let the authors know what you would like to see.
>
> I let the authors/doc. shepherd answer the following points.
>
> Regards, Benoit
>> General (3): I don't know if Scott Bradner has actually produced a proto
>> shpeherd write up, but I would be intrigued to know the level of
>> concensus behind this document.  In particular the tool classification
>> in s1.1 and terminology in s2 (particularly s2.2.2) is that used
>> exclusively in the MPLS-TP work in the IETF which is derived from the
>> 802.1ag terminology.  The terminology is presented as if it is common to
>> OAM work across the IETF. Does the IETF management community at large
>> concur with this expansion of the applicability of the terminology set
>> based on 'Management Domains' etc?
>>
>> General (4): As an overview, I think it would be advisable to point out
>> that one reason for the multiplicity of tools is that they support at
>> least four different data plane technologies (native IP, vanilla MPLS,
>> MPLS-TP and PWE) and note that in several cases the data plane
>> technologies rely on distinct (IP-based) management channels to allow
>> the information gleaned by the operations in the the data plane to be
>> reported back to the application that originated the operation.
>>
>>
>> Minor (or at least less major) issues:
>>
>> s1, para1: For consistency with  the abstract, s1.1 .. and because I'd
>> expect OAM to handle it as well ... OAM deals with performance
>> monitoring and statistics gathering as well as dealing with degradation.
>>
>> s1.1: The section is entitled building blocks but actually only mentions
>> one block, i.e., the OAM protocol.  Presumably this section really ought
>> to say something about the applications and device drivers that have to
>> instantiated in the MPs.  In particular as introduction to the text in
>> the following section it should say something about classifying
>> applications into continuously running or proactive monitoring and
>> on-demand applications (since the latter are introduced without any
>> definition in the next section.)
>>
>>
>> s2.2.2/3: I am not familiar with 802.1 management issues and I was
>> rather confused by the logical status of MIPs .  The text here seems to
>> indicate that they are intermediate and generally don't terminate
>> messages but then says in s2.2.3 that messages are 'destined to' MIPs.
>> Looking for some additional understanding, I fetched up at Wikipedia
>> (now there's a surprise)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1ag.
>> This page mentions the concept of maintenance domains and the
>> explanation of MIPs as internal points in the domain that generally
>> forward messages within the domain whereas end points (MEPs) are
>> effectively on the domain boundary. This makes a whole lot more sense
>> and seemed to be a rather better set of term definitions than we have in
>> this draft.
>> I noticed eventually that the term Management Domain (MD) had appeared
>> in the first line of s1.1 but does not appear in s2 at all. If we are
>> going to accept the Management Domain terminology set, then MD certainly
>> ought to be defined and discussed here.
>>
>>
>> s2.2.3, para1, sentence 1:
>>>    either initiates or reacts to OAM messages.
>> The following sentences contradict this.  Should be 'initiates and/or
>> reacts to OAM messages'.  See comment above.
>>
>> s3, general: The level of detail regarding the various toolsets is not
>> very even.  In particular, the MPLS-TP toolset gets significantly more
>> attention than others and the detail in OWAMP/TWAMP may be more than is
>> desirable for an overview.
>>
>> s3.1: A few words about the likely suppression of pings and traceroute
>> messages due to ICMP filtering is probably desirable as these limit
>> their usefulness in the wider Internet.
>>
>> s3.3: What about RFC6374 (MPLS packet loss measurement)? It appears in
>> the list in s1.4 but is not mentioned here.
>>
>> s3.4.1: Talking about what the MPLS working group 'is currently doing'
>> will not be helpful for an archival document.
>>
>> s3.4.3.1: The OnDemand-CV reference is for non-TP MPLS... do you mean
>> RFC 6426 which appears to be the TP variant?
>>
>> Nits/editorial comments:
>> General: For a reader who wants to go on and look at the RFCs that
>> define the various tools, it would probably be helpful to use reference
>> tags that  either are or include the RFC number.
>> s1.3, para 2: s/in several fronts/covering several different approaches/
>>
>> s2.2.2, last para: Need to expand 'p2mp'.
>>
>> s3.4.3.8: Should this section reference RFC6375?
>>
>> s3.5.1: It appears that the basic AC acronym (associated channel) is not
>> defined.
>>
>>
>


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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Elwyn,<br>
      <br>
      Please disregard this email. I wrongly read the date: 22/01/2014
      instead of 22/01/2013.<br>
      My understanding is that the points have been addressed in the
      version 13.<br>
      <br>
      Regards, Benoit<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote cite="mid:53033CE5.2000309@cisco.com" type="cite">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
        charset=ISO-8859-1">
      <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Elwyn,<br>
        <br>
        Thanks for your review.<br>
        I don't plan to reply for the authors (btw, not sure I've seen a
        reply to this), and but a few clarification questions in line,
        to engage the discussion.<br>
        <br>
      </div>
      <blockquote cite="mid:1358863845.28723.19076.camel@mightyatom"
        type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">I am the assigned Gen-ART reviewer for this draft. For background on
Gen-ART, please see the FAQ at

<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="http://wiki.tools.ietf.org/area/gen/trac/wiki/GenArtfaq">&lt;http://wiki.tools.ietf.org/area/gen/trac/wiki/GenArtfaq&gt;</a>.

Please resolve these comments along with any other Last Call comments
you may receive.

Document: draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt
Reviewer: Elwyn Davies
Review Date: 22 Jan 2013
IETF LC End Date:25 Jan 2013
IESG Telechat date: (if known) -

Summary: In my opinion, this draft has serious issues as described
below.

Major issues:
General 1: Title vs Abstract vs Section 1 vs actual content:

Here in the UK a well-known brand of varnishes and wood preservative
paints uses the slogan 'Does what it says on the tin!'.  If my
understanding and the write-up in RFC 6491, OAM covers a whole lot more
than the coverage of the specific mechanisms discussed in this
document .. and there are various other mechanisms such as SNMP and
Netconf that support the OAM constellation.  </pre>
      </blockquote>
      Can you provide an example of what you mean here?<br>
      Do you mean that SNMP (and NETCONF) can be used to monitor the OAM
      results?<br>
      <br>
      <blockquote cite="mid:1358863845.28723.19076.camel@mightyatom"
        type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">I would take the view that
this document certainly does not 'do what it says on the tin'.
Accordingly I take issue with the title as it doesn't provide a total
overview of OAM mechanisms; the abstract closes down the scope of OAM as
compared with RFC 6491 and s1 restricts it even more - and certainly
does not summarize all the OAM tools and mechanisms defined in the IETF.</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <blockquote cite="mid:1358863845.28723.19076.camel@mightyatom"
        type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">The last para of s1 claims that 'management aspects are outside the
scope of this document' - if this is really saying that this 'overview'
of OAM skips the whole M aspect of OAM then I'm afraid the document is
badly misnamed.  And it significantly reduces the value of the work.</pre>
      </blockquote>
      Ok, the document title could be improved.<br>
      <blockquote cite="mid:1358863845.28723.19076.camel@mightyatom"
        type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">
General (2): The intended purpose of this document: Back in 2011 Stewart
Bryant summarized a review of a previous version of this document from
the routing directorate
(<a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/history/">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/history/</a> entry dated 2011-08-10 referring to version 05 of the document).  IMO the initial section of that review regarding the audience of this document was well targeted and *has not been fixed*.  If this is intended as an introductory overview for people wishing to see what OAM is about in the IETF then it needs further introductory text and some background.  It should also state what its target audience actually is.</pre>
      </blockquote>
      This sentence was added:<br>
      <blockquote>
        <pre>  The target audience of this document includes network equipment
   vendors, network operators and standard development organizations,
   and can be used as an index to some of the main OAM tools defined in
   the IETF.

</pre>
      </blockquote>
      And section 1.2<br>
      <pre class="newpage"><span class="h3"><h3><a moz-do-not-send="true" class="selflink" name="section-1.2" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-13#section-1.2">1.2</a>. Target Audience</h3></span>

   The target audience of this document includes:

   o Standard development organizations - both IETF working groups and
      non-IETF organizations can benefit from this document when
      designing new OAM protocols, or when looking to reuse existing OAM
      tools for new technologies.

   o Network equipment vendors and network operators - can use this
      document as an index to some of the common IETF OAM tools.

   It should be noted that this document is not necessarily suitable for
   beginners without any background in OAM.</pre>
      <br>
      Please let the authors know what you would like to see.<br>
      <br>
      I let the authors/doc. shepherd answer the following points.<br>
      <br>
      Regards, Benoit <br>
      <blockquote cite="mid:1358863845.28723.19076.camel@mightyatom"
        type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">
General (3): I don't know if Scott Bradner has actually produced a proto
shpeherd write up, but I would be intrigued to know the level of
concensus behind this document.  In particular the tool classification
in s1.1 and terminology in s2 (particularly s2.2.2) is that used
exclusively in the MPLS-TP work in the IETF which is derived from the
802.1ag terminology.  The terminology is presented as if it is common to
OAM work across the IETF. Does the IETF management community at large
concur with this expansion of the applicability of the terminology set
based on 'Management Domains' etc?

General (4): As an overview, I think it would be advisable to point out
that one reason for the multiplicity of tools is that they support at
least four different data plane technologies (native IP, vanilla MPLS,
MPLS-TP and PWE) and note that in several cases the data plane
technologies rely on distinct (IP-based) management channels to allow
the information gleaned by the operations in the the data plane to be
reported back to the application that originated the operation. 


Minor (or at least less major) issues:

s1, para1: For consistency with  the abstract, s1.1 .. and because I'd 
expect OAM to handle it as well ... OAM deals with performance 
monitoring and statistics gathering as well as dealing with degradation.

s1.1: The section is entitled building blocks but actually only mentions 
one block, i.e., the OAM protocol.  Presumably this section really ought 
to say something about the applications and device drivers that have to 
instantiated in the MPs.  In particular as introduction to the text in 
the following section it should say something about classifying 
applications into continuously running or proactive monitoring and 
on-demand applications (since the latter are introduced without any 
definition in the next section.)


s2.2.2/3: I am not familiar with 802.1 management issues and I was 
rather confused by the logical status of MIPs .  The text here seems to 
indicate that they are intermediate and generally don't terminate 
messages but then says in s2.2.3 that messages are 'destined to' MIPs.  
Looking for some additional understanding, I fetched up at Wikipedia 
(now there's a surprise) <a moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1ag">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1ag</a>.  
This page mentions the concept of maintenance domains and the 
explanation of MIPs as internal points in the domain that generally 
forward messages within the domain whereas end points (MEPs) are 
effectively on the domain boundary. This makes a whole lot more sense
and seemed to be a rather better set of term definitions than we have in
this draft.  
I noticed eventually that the term Management Domain (MD) had appeared
in the first line of s1.1 but does not appear in s2 at all. If we are
going to accept the Management Domain terminology set, then MD certainly
ought to be defined and discussed here.   


s2.2.3, para1, sentence 1:
</pre>
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">  either initiates or reacts to OAM messages.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
        <pre wrap="">The following sentences contradict this.  Should be 'initiates and/or 
reacts to OAM messages'.  See comment above.

s3, general: The level of detail regarding the various toolsets is not
very even.  In particular, the MPLS-TP toolset gets significantly more
attention than others and the detail in OWAMP/TWAMP may be more than is
desirable for an overview.

s3.1: A few words about the likely suppression of pings and traceroute 
messages due to ICMP filtering is probably desirable as these limit
their usefulness in the wider Internet.

s3.3: What about RFC6374 (MPLS packet loss measurement)? It appears in
the list in s1.4 but is not mentioned here.

s3.4.1: Talking about what the MPLS working group 'is currently doing' 
will not be helpful for an archival document.

s3.4.3.1: The OnDemand-CV reference is for non-TP MPLS... do you mean 
RFC 6426 which appears to be the TP variant?

Nits/editorial comments:
General: For a reader who wants to go on and look at the RFCs that 
define the various tools, it would probably be helpful to use reference 
tags that  either are or include the RFC number.
s1.3, para 2: s/in several fronts/covering several different approaches/

s2.2.2, last para: Need to expand 'p2mp'.

s3.4.3.8: Should this section reference RFC6375?

s3.5.1: It appears that the basic AC acronym (associated channel) is not 
defined.


</pre>
      </blockquote>
      <br>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

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Hi Tal,

AFAICT, this issue below is the only one left on the draft. The draft 
improved much, thanks.
Please post a new version with the change, and I'll put it on the IESG 
table.

Regards, Benoit
>
> Hi Tom,
>
> Thanks for the prompt response.
>
> We will apply this change in the next draft.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Tal.
>
> *From:*Thomas Nadeau [mailto:tnadeau@lucidvision.com]
> *Sent:* Tuesday, January 28, 2014 5:38 PM
> *To:* Tal Mizrahi
> *Cc:* draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview@tools.ietf.org; opsawg@ietf.org; 
> opsawg-chairs@tools.ietf.org; Benoit Claise; joel jaeggli 
> (joelja@bogus.com); Scott O. Bradner (sob@harvard.edu)
> *Subject:* Re: Last Call: <draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt> (An 
> Overview of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) 
> Mechanisms) to Informational RFC
>
> The changes look ok except for one minor one:
>
> One of the changes in 4.4.2 BFD for MPLS states the following:
>
> The advantage of BFD is that it can
>
> 	
>
> 	
> 	
>
>
> 	
>
>    provide faster failure detection, and scales better to a large number
>
> 	
>
> 	
> 	
>
>
> 	
>
>    of LSPs
>
> 	
>
> That is a popular misconception. When I at a previous gig we were able 
> to actually figure out how to make them both perform
>
> equally well for CV operations, but we just decided to not implement 
> it that way. I'd suggest removing that sentence altogether.
>
> They are two tools with different implementations, some more optimal 
> than others.
>
>     Hi Tom,
>
>     Thanks again for your comments.
>
>     A link to the updated draft:
>
>     http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-13
>
>     We believe the current draft addresses all the comments below.
>
>     We have replied to every single comment below (search for [TM]).
>
>     Please let us know if you believe something is still amiss.
>
>     Thanks,
>
>     Tal.
>
>     *From:*Thomas Nadeau [mailto:tnadeau@lucidvision.com]
>     *Sent:* Monday, January 20, 2014 5:29 PM
>     *To:* Benoit Claise
>     *Cc:* draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview@tools.ietf.org
>     <mailto:draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview@tools.ietf.org>;
>     opsawg@ietf.org <mailto:opsawg@ietf.org>; IETF Disgust
>     *Subject:* Re: Last Call: <draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt>
>     (An Overview of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)
>     Mechanisms) to Informational RFC
>
>     Reviewing the current version of the draft (12), many of the
>     comments below are still not addressed.
>
>     --Tom
>
>         Here is Tom Nadeau's feedback, forwarded with permission:
>
>         Regards, Benoit
>
>         ==============
>
>         Some general comments:
>
>          1. I did not find any discussion around use of configuration
>             within OAM mechanisms. This is clearly something that is
>             happening in groups like PWE3 and CCAMP. The motivation
>             for this should be explained and documented to at least
>             guide these efforts.
>
>         */[TM] The current draft includes a significantly clearer
>         explanation, up front  in the abstract and introduction, that
>         this document focuses on OAM tools, i.e., on the data plane of
>         OAM. That is why, for example we do not discuss configuration
>         contexts such as CCAMP./*
>
>         2. There is no real discussion around the security aspects of
>         these tools. Should there be?
>
>         *//*
>
>         */[TM] We received a similar comment from other reviewers, as
>         well as the SecDir review in the previous IETF last call.
>         After some discussion between our AD at the time (Ron Bonica)
>         and the Sec AD (Sean Turner), the current phrasing of the
>         "Security Considerations" section was agreed. It is mainly an
>         issue of where you draw the line between which content to
>         include and which content not to include in the draft, and
>         security is currently out of scope. /*
>
>         3. While the document provides a nice taxonomy of various OAM
>         tools, it does not really discuss the techniques for using
>         them. I do not expect anything in detail, but it is not
>         obvious that many of these tools can be orchestrated to form a
>         "toolset" that can be used to do multi-layer OAM functions for
>         services such as carrier Ethernet over VPLS over MPLS, for
>         example.
>
>         *//*
>
>         */[TM] Following your comment, we added quite a bit of text to
>         the introduction to explain this multi-layer orchestration.
>         You can take full credit for the fact that this doll IETF
>         draft now includes an ASCII art figure (Figure 1). :)/*
>
>         4. It might be useful to at least mention in the performance
>         metrics section, a discussion around the accuracy of these
>         tools and how it depends on scale, implementation and network
>         configurations.
>
>         */[TM] Following your comment we added a note about this in
>         section 4.7.1. See the paragraphs beginning with "It should be
>         noted that while [OWAMP]..."./*
>
>         My detailed comments inline starting with TOM:
>
>         --Tom
>
>             Expires: July 2013                          Nokia Siemens
>             Networks
>
>                                              E. Bellagamba
>
>             Ericsson
>
>                                              Y. Weingarten
>
>                                            January 9, 2013
>
>                 An Overview of
>
>                     Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)
>             Mechanisms
>
>              draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt
>
>             Abstract
>
>                Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) is a
>             general term
>
>                that refers to a toolset that can be used for fault
>             detection and
>
>                isolation, and for performance measurement. OAM
>             mechanisms have been
>
>                defined for various layers in the protocol stack, and
>             are used with a
>
>                variety of protocols.
>
>                This document presents an overview of the OAM
>             mechanisms that have
>
>                been defined and are currently being defined by the IETF.
>
>             Status of this Memo
>
>                This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full
>             conformance with the
>
>                provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
>
>                Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet
>             Engineering
>
>                Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.
>              Note that
>
>                other groups may also distribute working documents as
>             Internet-
>
>                Drafts.
>
>                Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum
>             of six months
>
>                and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
>             documents at any
>
>                time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as
>             reference
>
>                material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
>
>                The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
>
>             http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
>
>                The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be
>             accessed at
>
>             http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
>
>                This Internet-Draft will expire on July 9, 2013.
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                  [Page 1]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>             Copyright Notice
>
>                Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons
>             identified as the
>
>                document authors. All rights reserved.
>
>                This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's
>             Legal
>
>                Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
>
>                (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the
>             date of
>
>                publication of this document. Please review these documents
>
>                carefully, as they describe your rights and
>             restrictions with respect
>
>                to this document. Code Components extracted from this
>             document must
>
>                include Simplified BSD License text as described in
>             Section 4.e of
>
>                the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without
>             warranty as
>
>                described in the Simplified BSD License.
>
>             Table of Contents
>
>                1. Introduction
>             ................................................. 3
>
>                   1.1. The Building Blocks of OAM
>             .............................. 3
>
>                   1.2. Forwarding Plane vs. Management Plane
>             ................... 4
>
>                   1.3. The OAM toolsets
>             ........................................ 4
>
>                   1.4. IETF OAM Documents
>             ...................................... 6
>
>                   1.5. Non-IETF OAM Documents
>             ................................. 10
>
>                2. Basic Terminology
>             ........................................... 12
>
>                   2.1. Abbreviations
>             .......................................... 12
>
>                   2.2. Terminology used in OAM Standards
>             ...................... 13
>
>                      2.2.1. General Terms
>             ..................................... 13
>
>                      2.2.2. OAM Maintenance Entities
>             .......................... 13
>
>                      2.2.3. OAM Maintenance Points
>             ............................ 14
>
>                      2.2.4. Proactive and On-demand activation
>             ................ 15
>
>                      2.2.5. Connectivity Verification and Continuity
>             Checks ... 15
>
>                      2.2.6. Failures
>             .......................................... 15
>
>                3. OAM Tools
>             ................................................... 16
>
>                   3.1. IP Ping and Traceroute
>             ................................. 16
>
>                      3.1.1. Ping
>             .............................................. 16
>
>                      3.1.2.
>             Traceroute......................................... 16
>
>                   3.2. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
>             ............... 17
>
>                      3.2.1. Overview
>             .......................................... 17
>
>                      3.2.2. BFD Control
>             ....................................... 17
>
>                      3.2.3. BFD Echo
>             .......................................... 18
>
>                   3.3. MPLS OAM
>             ............................................... 18
>
>                   3.4. MPLS-TP OAM
>             ............................................ 19
>
>                      3.4.1. Overview
>             .......................................... 19
>
>                      3.4.2. Generic Associated Channel
>             ........................ 19
>
>                      3.4.3. MPLS-TP OAM Toolset
>             ............................... 20
>
>                         3.4.3.1. Continuity Check and Connectivity
>             Verification 20
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                  [Page 2]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                         3.4.3.2. Route Tracing
>             ................................ 21
>
>                         3.4.3.3. Lock Instruct
>             ................................ 21
>
>                         3.4.3.4. Lock Reporting
>             ............................... 21
>
>                         3.4.3.5. Alarm Reporting
>             .............................. 21
>
>                         3.4.3.6. Remote Defect Indication
>             ..................... 22
>
>                         3.4.3.7. Client Failure Indication
>             .................... 22
>
>                         3.4.3.8. Packet Loss Measurement (LM)
>             ................. 22
>
>                         3.4.3.9. Packet Delay Measurement (DM)
>             ................ 22
>
>                   3.5. PWE3 OAM
>             ............................................... 23
>
>                      3.5.1. PWE3 OAM using Virtual Circuit
>             Connectivity Verification
>
>                      (VCCV)
>             ................................................... 23
>
>                      3.5.2. PWE3 OAM using G-ACh
>             .............................. 24
>
>                   3.6. OWAMP and
>             TWAMP......................................... 24
>
>                      3.6.1. Overview
>             .......................................... 24
>
>                      3.6.2. Control and Test Protocols
>             ........................ 24
>
>                      3.6.3. OWAMP
>             ............................................. 25
>
>                      3.6.4. TWAMP
>             ............................................. 26
>
>                   3.7. Summary of OAM Functions
>             ............................... 26
>
>                4. Security Considerations
>             ..................................... 27
>
>                5. IANA Considerations
>             ......................................... 27
>
>                6. Acknowledgments
>             ............................................. 27
>
>                7. References
>             .................................................. 28
>
>                   7.1. Normative References
>             ................................... 28
>
>                   7.2. Informative References
>             ................................. 31
>
>             1. Introduction
>
>                OAM is a general term that refers to a toolset for
>             detecting,
>
>                isolating and reporting connection failures and performance
>
>                degradation.
>
>                This document summarizes the OAM tools and mechanisms
>             defined in the
>
>                IETF.
>
>                The term OAM in this document refers to Operations,
>             Administration
>
>                and Maintenance [OAM-Def], focusing on the forwarding
>             plane of OAM.
>
>                Hence, management aspects are outside the scope of this
>             document.
>
>         TOM: This is a curious sentence to me since to me, OAM is
>         management, or a subset of it.   Also, if you look at the
>         referenced documents, there are many indirect references to
>         MIBs, Netconf, etc... making this sentence further confusing.
>         It might be helpful to explain more clearly that the authors
>         here intended to not cover those things explicitly rather than
>         grouping them arbitrarily under the definition of "management
>         aspects"  Further, to clarify, it might be useful to expand on
>         what "forwarding plane" is here just to be clear.   That is,
>         is this "in band" or "out-of band" or both? Some of the tools
>         referred to here also are part of the control AND data planes.
>
>         */[TM] We significantly improved the distinction between the
>         different planes: data plane, control plane, management plane.
>         We added a definition of each of the terms, and we now
>         explicitly explain that the draft focuses on the data plane.
>         We also explain in the current draft that we adopt the OAM
>         acronym as recommended in RFC 6291: Operations, Administration
>         and Maintenance (without Management...). Please let us know if
>         you think something is still missing here./*
>
>             1.1. The Building Blocks of OAM
>
>                An OAM protocol is run in the context of a Maintenance
>             Domain,
>
>                consisting of two or more nodes that run the OAM
>             protocol, referred
>
>                to as Maintenance Points (MP).
>
>                This subsection provides a brief summary of the common
>             tools used by
>
>                OAM protocols. An OAM protocol typically supports one
>             or more of the
>
>                tools described below.
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                  [Page 3]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                o Continuity Checking (CC):
>
>                   Used for verifying the liveness of a connection
>             between two MPs.
>
>                o Connectivity Verification (CV):
>
>                   Allows an MP to check whether it is connected to a
>             peer MP, and to
>
>                   verify that messages from the peer MP are received
>             through the
>
>                   expected path.
>
>                o Path Discovery / Fault Localization:
>
>                   An MP uses this mechanism to trace the route to a
>             peer MP, i.e.,
>
>                   to identify the nodes along the path to the peer MP.
>             When a
>
>                   connection fails, this mechanism also allows the MP
>             to detect the
>
>                   location of the failure.
>
>         TOM: The definition calls this "path discovery" but then talks
>         about tracing routes. A better way of describing this in the
>         paragraph would be that there I a use of path tracing in order
>         to discover (or re-discover) paths that have been changed,
>         created or destroyed.
>
>         */[TM] We rephrased this paragraph, and hopefully it is
>         clearer and more accurate now./*
>
>                o Performance Monitoring:
>
>                   Consists of 3 main functions
>
>                     o Loss Measurement (LM) - monitors the packet loss
>             rate of a
>
>                       connection.
>
>                     o Delay Measurement (DM) - monitors the delay and
>             delay
>
>                       variation between MPs.
>
>                     o Throughput measurement - monitors the throughput
>             of a
>
>                       connection.
>
>         TOM: Along with the discussion above around path
>         trace/discovery, it is imperative that paths be discovered
>         (one way or another) in order to successfully d performance
>         monitoring on those paths.
>
>         */[TM] True. However this section presents a short list of
>         typical OAM functions, and we would rather stick with succinct
>         descriptions in this section. /*
>
>             1.2. Forwarding Plane vs. Management Plane
>
>                While the OAM tools may, and quite often do, work in
>             conjunction with
>
>                a control-plane or management plane, they are usually
>             defined to be
>
>                independent of the control-plane.  The OAM tools
>             communicate with the
>
>                management plane to raise alarms, and often the
>             on-demand tools may
>
>                be activated by the management, e.g. to locate and
>             localize problems.
>
>                The considerations of the control-plane maintenance
>             tools or the
>
>                functionality of the management-plane are out of scope
>             for this
>
>                document, which will concentrate on presenting the
>             forwarding-plane
>
>                tools that are used for OAM.
>
>         TOM: What about the data plane? For example, the GACH OAM type
>         is such an example. VCCV also operates within the data plane
>         after its configuration capabilities have been signaled.  It
>         should also be mentioned that it is imperative that when
>         required, OAM tools are capable of testing the actual data
>         plane in as much accuracy as possible, but that they all
>         should note how accurate.   Not all OAM tools are created equal.
>
>         */[TM] We rephrased this subsection, and now have a much
>         clearer definition of each plane in "2.2.4. Data Plane,
>         Control Plane and Management Plane". We also added specific
>         text about the importance of fate-sharing (see section 1.4),
>         which addresses the second part of your comment./*
>
>             1.3. The OAM toolsets
>
>                This memo provides an overview of the different sets of OAM
>
>                mechanisms defined by the IETF. It is intended for
>             those with little
>
>                or no familiarity with the described mechanisms. The
>             set of OAM
>
>                mechanisms described in this memo are applicable to IP
>             unicast, MPLS,
>
>                pseudowires, and MPLS for the transport environment
>             (MPLS-TP). While
>
>                OAM mechanisms that are applicable to other
>             technologies exist, they
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                  [Page 4]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                are beyond the scope of this memo. This document
>             focuses on IETF
>
>                documents that have been published as RFCs, while other
>             ongoing OAM-
>
>                related work is outside the scope.
>
>                The IETF has defined OAM protocols and mechanisms in
>             several
>
>                different fronts:
>
>                o IP Ping and Traceroute:
>
>                   Ping is a very simple and common application for
>             failure diagnosis
>
>         TOM: I am not sure the term "common" is necessary.
>
>         */[TM] Removed./*
>
>                   that uses ICMP Echo requests, as defined in
>             [ICMPv4], and
>
>                   [ICMPv6].
>
>                   Traceroute ([TCPIP-Tools], [NetTools]) is an
>             application that
>
>                   allows users to trace the path between an IP source
>             and an IP
>
>                   destination, i.e., to identify the nodes along the path.
>
>                o BFD:
>
>                   Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) is defined
>             in [BFD] as a
>
>                   framework for a lightweight generic OAM mechanism.
>              The intention
>
>                   is to define a base mechanism that can be used with
>             various
>
>                   encapsulation types, network environments, and in
>             various medium
>
>                   types.
>
>                o MPLS OAM:
>
>                   MPLS LSP Ping, as defined in [MPLS-OAM],
>             [MPLS-OAM-FW] and [LSP-
>
>                   Ping], is an OAM mechanism for point to point MPLS
>             LSPs. It
>
>                   includes two main functions: Ping and Traceroute.
>
>                o MPLS-TP OAM:
>
>                   MPLS-TP OAM is defined in a set of RFCs. The OAM
>             requirements for
>
>                   MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) are defined in
>             [MPLS-TP-OAM].
>
>                   Each of the tools in the OAM toolset is defined in
>             its own RFC, as
>
>                   specified in Section 1.4.
>
>                o PWE3 OAM:
>
>                   The PWE3 OAM architecture defines control channels
>             that support
>
>                   the use of existing IETF OAM tools to be used for a
>             pseudowire
>
>                   (PW).  The control channels that are defined in
>             [VCCV] and [PW-G-
>
>                   ACH] may be used in conjunction with ICMP Ping, LSP
>             Ping, and BFD
>
>                   to perform CC and CV functionality.  In addition the
>             channels
>
>                   support use of any of the MPLS-TP based OAM tools
>             for completing
>
>                   their respective OAM functionality for a PW.
>
>                o OWAMP and TWAMP:
>
>                   The One Way Active Measurement Protocol (OWAMP) and
>             the Two Way
>
>                   Active Measurement Protocols (TWAMP) are two
>             protocols defined in
>
>                   the IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) working group in
>             the IETF. These
>
>                   protocols allow delay and packet loss measurement in
>             IP networks.
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                  [Page 5]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                This document summarizes the OAM mechanisms defined by
>             the IETF. We
>
>                first present a comparison of the terminology used in
>             various OAM
>
>                standards, and then summarize the OAM functions that
>             each OAM
>
>                standard provides.
>
>             1.4. IETF OAM Documents
>
>                Table 1 summarizes the IETF OAM related RFCs discussed
>             in this
>
>                document.
>
>                The table includes a "Type" column, specifying the
>             nature of each of
>
>                the listed documents:
>
>                o Tool: documents that define an OAM tool or mechanism.
>
>                o Prof.: documents that define a profile or a variant
>             for an OAM
>
>                   tool that is defined in other documents.
>
>                o Inf.: documents that define an infrastructure that is
>             used by OAM
>
>                   tools.
>
>                o Misc.: other OAM related documents, e.g., OAM
>             requirement and
>
>                   framework documents.
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Title                              |Type
>             | RFC  |
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |IP Ping and| Internet Control Message Protocol  
>              |Tool | RFC 792  |
>
>                |Traceroute | [ICMPv4]                             |  
>               |  |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Internet Control Message Protocol  
>              |Tool | RFC 4443 |
>
>                |           | (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol   |  
>               |  |
>
>                |           | Version 6 (IPv6) Specification       |  
>               |  |
>
>                |           | [ICMPv6]                             |  
>               |  |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | A Primer On Internet and TCP/IP    
>              |Tool | RFC 2151 |
>
>                |           | Tools and Utilities [TCPIP-Tools]    |  
>               |    |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | FYI on a Network Management Tool    
>             |Tool | RFC 1147 |
>
>                |           | Catalog: Tools for Monitoring and    |  
>               |  |
>
>                |           | Debugging TCP/IP Internets and       |  
>               |          |
>
>                |           | Interconnected Devices [NetTools]    |  
>               |          |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Extended ICMP to Support Multi-Part
>              |Tool | RFC 4884 |
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                  [Page 6]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                |           | Messages [ICMP-MP]                   |  
>               |  |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | ICMP Extensions for Multiprotocol  
>              |Tool | RFC 4950 |
>
>                |           | Label Switching [ICMP-Ext]           |  
>               |    |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Extending ICMP for Interface and    
>             |Tool | RFC 5837 |
>
>                |           | Next-Hop Identification [ICMP-Int]   |  
>               |  |
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |BFD        | Bidirectional Forwarding Detection  
>             |Tool | RFC 5880 |
>
>                |           | [BFD]                              |     |  |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Bidirectional Forwarding Detection  
>             |Prof.| RFC 5881 |
>
>                |           | (BFD) for IPv4 and IPv6 (Single Hop) |  
>               |    |
>
>                |           | [BFD-IP]                             |  
>               |  |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Generic Application of Bidirectional
>             |Misc.| RFC 5882 |
>
>                |           | Forwarding Detection [BFD-Gen]       |  
>               |          |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Bidirectional Forwarding Detection  
>             |Prof.| RFC 5883 |
>
>                |           | (BFD) for Multihop Paths [BFD-Multi] |  
>               |    |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Bidirectional Forwarding Detection  
>             |Prof.| RFC 5884 |
>
>                |           | for MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs) |  
>               |  |
>
>                |           | [BFD-LSP]                            |  
>               |          |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Bidirectional Forwarding Detection  
>             |Prof.| RFC 5885 |
>
>                |           | for the Pseudowire Virtual Circuit   |  
>               |  |
>
>                |           | Connectivity Verification (VCCV)     |  
>               |          |
>
>                |           | [BFD-VCCV]                           |  
>               |          |
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |MPLS OAM   | Operations and Management (OAM)    
>              |Misc.| RFC 4377 |
>
>                |           | Requirements for Multi-Protocol Label|  
>               |          |
>
>                |           | Switched (MPLS) Networks [MPLS-OAM]  |  
>               |  |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | A Framework for Multi-Protocol      
>             |Misc.| RFC 4378 |
>
>                |           | Label Switching (MPLS) Operations    |  
>               |    |
>
>                |           | and Management (OAM) [MPLS-OAM-FW]   |  
>               |      |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Detecting Multi-Protocol Label      
>             |Tool | RFC 4379 |
>
>                |           | Switched (MPLS) Data Plane Failures  |  
>               |  |
>
>                |           | [LSP-Ping]                           |  
>               |          |
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                  [Page 7]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Operations and Management (OAM)    
>              |Misc.| RFC 4687 |
>
>                |           | Requirements for Point-to-Multipoint |  
>               |          |
>
>                |           | MPLS Networks [MPLS-P2MP]            |  
>               |      |
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |MPLS-TP    | Requirements for OAM in MPLS-TP    
>              |Misc.| RFC 5860 |
>
>                |OAM        | [MPLS-TP-OAM]                        |  
>               |          |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | MPLS Generic Associated Channel    
>              |Inf. | RFC 5586 |
>
>                |           | [G-ACh]                              |  
>               |  |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | MPLS-TP OAM Framework              
>              |Misc.| RFC 6371 |
>
>                |           | [TP-OAM-FW]                          |  
>               |          |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Proactive Connectivity Verification,
>             |Tool | RFC 6428 |
>
>                |           | Continuity Check, and Remote Defect  |  
>               |          |
>
>                |           | Indication for the MPLS Transport    |  
>               |          |
>
>                |           | Profile [TP-CC-CV]                   |  
>               |  |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | MPLS On-Demand Connectivity        
>              |Tool | RFC 6426 |
>
>                |           | Verification and Route Tracing       |  
>               |          |
>
>                |           | [OnDemand-CV]                        |  
>               |          |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | MPLS Fault Management Operations,  
>              |Tool | RFC 6427 |
>
>                |           | Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)|  
>               |          |
>
>                |           | [TP-Fault]                           |  
>               |          |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | MPLS Transport Profile Lock Instruct
>             |Tool | RFC 6435 |
>
>                |           | and Loopback Functions [Lock-Loop]   |  
>               |      |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Packet Loss and Delay Measurement
>             for|Tool | RFC 6374 |
>
>                |           | MPLS Networks [MPLS-LM-DM]           |  
>               |      |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | A Packet Loss and Delay Measurement
>              |Prof.| RFC 6375 |
>
>                |           | Profile for MPLS-Based Transport     |  
>               |  |
>
>                |           | Networks [TP-LM-DM]                  |  
>               |  |
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |PWE3 OAM   | Pseudowire Virtual Circuit          
>             |Inf. | RFC 5085 |
>
>                |           | Connectivity Verification (VCCV):    |  
>               |          |
>
>                |           | A Control Channel for Pseudowires    |  
>               |        |
>
>                |           | [VCCV]                             |     |  |
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                  [Page 8]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Bidirectional Forwarding Detection  
>             |Prof.| RFC 5885 |
>
>                |           | for the Pseudowire Virtual Circuit   |  
>               |  |
>
>                |           | Connectivity Verification (VCCV)     |  
>               |          |
>
>                |           | [BFD-VCCV]                           |  
>               |          |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Using the Generic Associated Channel
>             |Inf. | RFC 6423 |
>
>                |           | Label for Pseudowire in the MPLS     |  
>               |    |
>
>                |           | Transport Profile (MPLS-TP)          |  
>               |          |
>
>                |           | [PW-G-ACh]                           |  
>               |          |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Pseudowire (PW) Operations,        
>              |Misc.| RFC 6310 |
>
>                |           | Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)|  
>               |          |
>
>                |           | Message Mapping [PW-Map]             |  
>               |  |
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |OWAMP and  | A One-way Active Measurement
>             Protocol|Tool | RFC 4656 |
>
>                |TWAMP      | [OWAMP]                              |  
>               |  |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | A Two-Way Active Measurement
>             Protocol|Tool | RFC 5357 |
>
>                |           | [TWAMP]                              |  
>               |  |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | Framework for IP Performance Metrics
>             |Misc.| RFC 2330 |
>
>                |           | [IPPM-FW]                            |  
>               |          |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | IPPM Metrics for Measuring          
>             |Misc.| RFC 2678 |
>
>                |           | Connectivity [IPPM-Con]              |  
>               |          |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | A One-way Delay Metric for IPPM    
>              |Misc.| RFC 2679 |
>
>                |           | [IPPM-1DM]                           |  
>               |          |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | A One-way Packet Loss Metric for
>             IPPM|Misc.| RFC 2680 |
>
>                |           | [IPPM-1LM]                           |  
>               |          |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                |           | A Round-trip Delay Metric for IPPM  
>             |Misc.| RFC 2681 |
>
>                |           | [IPPM-2DM]                           |  
>               |          |
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+
>
>                              Table 1 Summary of IETF OAM Related RFCs
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                  [Page 9]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>             1.5. Non-IETF OAM Documents
>
>                In addition to the OAM mechanisms defined by the IETF,
>             the IEEE and
>
>                ITU-T have also defined various OAM mechanisms that
>             focus on
>
>                Ethernet, and various other transport network
>             environments. These
>
>                various mechanisms, defined by the three standard
>             organizations, are
>
>                often tightly coupled, and have had a mutual effect on
>             each other.
>
>                The ITU-T and IETF have both defined OAM mechanisms for
>             MPLS LSPs,
>
>                [ITU-T-Y1711] and [LSP-Ping]. The following OAM
>             standards by the IEEE
>
>                and ITU-T are to some extent linked to IETF OAM
>             mechanisms listed
>
>                above and are mentioned here only as reference material:
>
>                o OAM mechanisms for Ethernet based networks have been
>             defined by
>
>                   both the ITU-T in [ITU-T-Y1731], and by the IEEE in
>             [IEEE802.1ag].
>
>                   The IEEE 802.3 standard defines OAM for one-hop
>             Ethernet links
>
>                   [IEEE802.3ah].
>
>                o The ITU-T has defined OAM for MPLS LSPs in
>             [ITU-T-Y1711], and
>
>                   MPLS-TP OAM in [ITU-G8113.1] and [ITU-G8113.2].
>
>                Table 2 summarizes the OAM standards mentioned in this
>             document. This
>
>                document focuses on IETF OAM standards, but these
>             non-IETF standards
>
>                are referenced where relevant.
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+
>
>                |           | Title                            
>              |Standard/Draft |
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+
>
>                |ITU-T      | Operation & Maintenance mechanism    |
>             ITU-T Y.1711  |
>
>                |MPLS OAM   | for MPLS networks [ITU-T-Y1711]      | |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+---------------+
>
>                |           | Assignment of the 'OAM Alert Label'  |
>             RFC 3429      |
>
>                |           | for Multiprotocol Label Switching    |     |
>
>                |           | Architecture (MPLS) Operation and    |  
>                   |
>
>                |           | Maintenance (OAM) Functions          |  
>                   |
>
>                |           | [OAM-Label]                          |  
>                   |
>
>                |           |                              | |
>
>                |           |  Note: although this is an IETF      |   |
>
>                |           |  document, it is listed as one of the|  
>                   |
>
>                |           |  non-IETF OAM standards, since it    |  
>                   |
>
>                |           |  was defined as a complementary part |     |
>
>                |           |  of ITU-T Y.1711.                    |     |
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+
>
>                |ITU-T      | Operations, administration and      
>             |ITU-T G.8113.2 |
>
>                |MPLS-TP OAM| Maintenance mechanisms for MPLS-TP   |  
>                   |
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 10]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                |           | networks using the tools defined for | |
>
>                |           | MPLS [ITU-G8113.2]                   |     |
>
>                |           |                              | |
>
>                |           |  Note: this document describes the   |   |
>
>                |           |  OAM toolset defined by the IETF for |     |
>
>                |           |  MPLS-TP, whereas ITU-T G.8113.1     |  
>                   |
>
>                |           |  describes the OAM toolset defined   |  
>                   |
>
>                |           |  by the ITU-T.                       | |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+---------------+
>
>                |           | Operations, Administration and      
>             |ITU-T G.8113.1 |
>
>                |           | Maintenance mechanism for MPLS-TP in |  
>                   |
>
>                |           | Packet Transport Network (PTN)       |   |
>
>                | +--------------------------------------+---------------+
>
>                |           | Allocation of a Generic Associated   |
>             RFC 6671      |
>
>                |           | Channel Type for ITU-T MPLS Transport| |
>
>                |           | Profile Operation, Maintenance, and  | |
>
>                |           | Administration (MPLS-TP OAM)         |  
>                   |
>
>                |           | [ITU-T-CT]                           |  
>                   |
>
>                |           |                              | |
>
>                |           |  Note: although this is an IETF      |   |
>
>                |           |  document, it is listed as one of the|  
>                   |
>
>                |           |  non-IETF OAM standards, since it    |  
>                   |
>
>                |           |  was defined as a complementary part |     |
>
>                |           |  of ITU-T G.8113.1.                  |     |
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+
>
>                |ITU-T      | OAM Functions and Mechanisms for
>             |[ITU-T-Y1731]  |
>
>                |Ethernet   | Ethernet-based Networks              |  
>                   |
>
>                |OAM        |                              | |
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+
>
>                |IEEE       | Connectivity Fault Management        |
>             IEEE 802.1ag  |
>
>                |CFM        | [IEEE802.1ag]                        |  
>                   |
>
>                |           |                              | |
>
>                |           |  Note: CFM was originally published  |   |
>
>                |           |  as IEEE 802.1ag, but is now         | |
>
>                |           |  incorporated in the 802.1Q standard.|  
>                   |
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+
>
>                |IEEE       | Media Access Control Parameters,     |
>             IEEE 802.3ah  |
>
>                |802.3      | Physical Layers, and Management      | |
>
>                |link level | Parameters for Subscriber Access     |  
>                   |
>
>                |OAM        | Networks [IEEE802.3ah]               | |
>
>                |           |                              | |
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 11]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                |           |  Note: link level OAM was originally |   |
>
>                |           |  defined in IEEE 802.3ah, and is now | |
>
>                |           |  incorporated in the 802.3 standard. |  
>                   |
>
>              +-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+
>
>                      Table 2 Non-IETF OAM Standards Mentioned in this
>             Document
>
>             2. Basic Terminology
>
>             2.1. Abbreviations
>
>                ACH    Associated Channel Header
>
>                AIS    Alarm Indication Signal
>
>                BFD    Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
>
>                CC     Continuity Check
>
>                CV     Connectivity Verification
>
>                DM     Delay Measurement
>
>                FEC    Forwarding Equivalence Class
>
>                GAL    Generic Associated Label
>
>                ICMP   Internet Control Message Protocol
>
>                LDP    Label Distribution Protocol
>
>                LM     Loss Measurement
>
>                LSP    Label Switched Path
>
>                ME     Maintenance Entity
>
>                MEG    Maintenance Entity Group
>
>                MEP    MEG End Point
>
>                MIP    MEG Intermediate Point
>
>                MP     Maintenance Point
>
>                MPLS   Multiprotocol Label Switching
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 12]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                MPLS-TP MPLS Transport Profile
>
>                MTU    Maximum Transmission Unit
>
>                OAM    Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
>
>                PW     Pseudowire
>
>                PWE3   Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge
>
>                RDI    Remote Defect Indication
>
>                TTL    Time To Live
>
>                VCCV   Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification
>
>         TOM: Why is this section not at the top of this document, as
>         is customary for RFCs?
>
>         */[TM] The introduction is now significantly shorter than it
>         was when you sent this comment, which means that the
>         terminology section is now much closer to the beginning of the
>         document./*
>
>             2.2. Terminology used in OAM Standards
>
>             2.2.1. General Terms
>
>                A wide variety of terms is used in various OAM
>             standards. Each of the
>
>                OAM standards listed in the reference section includes
>             a section that
>
>                defines terms relevant to that tool. A thesaurus of
>             terminology for
>
>                MPLS-TP terms is presented in [TP-Term], and provides a
>             good summary
>
>                of some of the OAM related terminology.
>
>                This section presents a comparison of the terms used in
>             various OAM
>
>                standards, without fully quoting the definition of each
>             term. For a
>
>                formal definition of each term, refer to the references
>             at the end of
>
>                this document.
>
>             2.2.2. OAM Maintenance Entities
>
>                OAM tools are designed to monitor and manage a
>             Maintenance Entity
>
>                (ME).  An ME, as defined in [TP-OAM-FW], defines a
>             relationship
>
>                between two points of a transport path to which
>             maintenance and
>
>                monitoring operations apply.
>
>                The following related terms are also quoted from
>             [TP-OAM-FW]:
>
>                o MEP: The two points that define a maintenance entity.
>
>                o MEG: The collection of one or more MEs that belongs
>             to the same
>
>                   transport path and that are maintained and monitored
>             as a group
>
>                   are known as a Maintenance Entity Group (MEG).
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 13]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                o MIP: In between MEPs, there are zero or more
>             intermediate points,
>
>                   called Maintenance Entity Group Intermediate Points
>             (MIPs).
>
>                A pair of MEPs engaged in an ME are connected by a
>             communication
>
>                link, which may be one of several types of connection,
>             e.g. a single
>
>                physical connection, a set of physical connections, or
>             a virtual link
>
>                such as an MPLS LSP.
>
>                The term Maintenance Entity (ME) is used in ITU-T
>             Recommendations
>
>                (e.g. [ITU-T-Y1731]), as well as in the MPLS-TP
>             terminology ([TP-OAM-
>
>                FW]). Various terms are used to refer to an ME. For
>             example, BFD does
>
>                not explicitly use a term that is equivalent to ME, but
>             rather uses
>
>                the term "session", referring to the relationship
>             between two nodes
>
>                using a BFD protocol. The MPLS LSP Ping ([LSP-Ping])
>             terminology
>
>                simply uses the term "LSP" in this context.
>
>                MPLS-TP has defined the terms ME and Maintenance Entity
>             Group (MEG)
>
>                in [TP-OAM-FW], similar to the terms defined by ITU-T.
>              A MEG allows
>
>                the monitoring of a compound set of MEs, for example
>             when monitoring
>
>                a p2mp MEG that is considered to be the set of MEs
>             between the root
>
>                and each individual destination MEP.
>
>             2.2.3. OAM Maintenance Points
>
>                A Maintenance Point (MP) is a functional entity that is
>             defined at a
>
>                node in the network, and either initiates or reacts to
>             OAM messages.
>
>                A Maintenance End Point (MEP) is one of the end points
>             of an ME, and
>
>                can initiate OAM messages and respond to them. A
>             Maintenance
>
>                Intermediate Point (MIP) is an intermediate point
>             between two MEPs,
>
>                that does not generally initiate OAM frames (one
>             exception to this is
>
>                the use of AIS notifications), but is able to respond
>             to OAM frames
>
>                that are destined to it. A MIP in MPLS-TP identifies
>             OAM packets
>
>                destined to it by the value of the TTL field in the OAM
>             packet. The
>
>                term Maintenance Point is a general term for MEPs and MIPs.
>
>                The 802.1ag defines a finer distinction between Up MPs
>             and Down MPs.
>
>                An MP is a bridge interface, that is monitored by an
>             OAM protocol
>
>                either in the direction facing the network, or in the
>             direction
>
>                facing the bridge. A Down MP is an MP that receives OAM
>             packets from,
>
>                and transmits them to the direction of the network. An
>             Up MP receives
>
>                OAM packets from, and transmits them to the direction
>             of the bridging
>
>                entity.
>
>                MPLS-TP ([TP-OAM-FW]) uses a similar distinction on the
>             placement of
>
>                the MP - either at the ingress, egress, or forwarding
>             function of the
>
>                node (Down / Up MPs).  This placement is important for
>             localization
>
>                of a connection failure.
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 14]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>             2.2.4. Proactive and On-demand activation
>
>                The different OAM tools may be used in one of two basic
>             types of
>
>                activation:
>
>                o Proactive activation - indicates that the tool is
>             activated on a
>
>                   continual basis periodically, where messages are
>             sent between the
>
>                   two MEPs, and errors are detected when a certain
>             number of
>
>                   expected messages are not received.
>
>                o On-demand activation - indicates that the tool is
>             activated
>
>                   "manually" to detect a specific anomaly.  In this
>             activation a
>
>                   small number of OAM messages are sent by a MEP and
>             the reply
>
>                   message is received.
>
>             2.2.5. Connectivity Verification and Continuity Checks
>
>                Two distinct classes of failure management functions
>             are used in OAM
>
>                protocols, connectivity verification and continuity
>             checks. The
>
>                distinction between these terms is defined in
>             [MPLS-TP-OAM], and is
>
>                used similarly in this document.
>
>                Continuity checks are used to verify the liveness of a
>             connection or
>
>                a path between two MPs, and are typically sent
>             proactively, though
>
>                they can be invoked on-demand as well.
>
>                A connectivity verification function allows an MP to
>             check whether it
>
>                is connected to a peer MP or not. This function also
>             allows the MP to
>
>                verify that messages from the peer MP are received
>             through the
>
>                correct path, thereby verifying not only that the two
>             MPs are
>
>                connected, but also that they are connected through the
>             expected
>
>                path. This allows detection of unexpected topology
>             changes. A
>
>                connectivity verification (CV) protocol typically uses
>             a CV message,
>
>                followed by a CV reply that is sent back to the
>             originator. A CV
>
>                function can be applied proactively or on-demand.
>
>                Connectivity verification and continuity checks are
>             considered
>
>                complementary mechanisms, and are often used in
>             conjunction with each
>
>                other.
>
>             2.2.6. Failures
>
>                The terms Failure, Fault, and Defect are used
>             interchangeably in the
>
>                standards, referring to a malfunction that can be
>             detected by a
>
>                connectivity or a continuity check. In some standards,
>             such as
>
>                [IEEE802.1ag], there is no distinction between these
>             terms, while in
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 15]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                other standards each of these terms refers to a
>             different type of
>
>                malfunction.
>
>                The terminology used in IETF MPLS-TP OAM takes after
>             the ITU-T, which
>
>                distinguishes between these terms in [ITU-T-G.806]; The
>             term Fault
>
>                refers to an inability to perform a required action,
>             e.g., an
>
>                unsuccessful attempt to deliver a packet. The term
>             Defect refers to
>
>                an interruption in the normal operation, such as a
>             consecutive period
>
>                of time where no packets are delivered successfully.
>             The term Failure
>
>                refers to the termination of the required function.
>             While a Defect
>
>                typically refers to a limited period of time, a failure
>             refers to a
>
>                long period of time.
>
>             3. OAM Tools
>
>             3.1. IP Ping and Traceroute
>
>             3.1.1. Ping
>
>                Ping is a common network diagnosis application for IP
>             networks that
>
>                uses ICMP. The ICMP Echo request/reply exchange is a
>             connectivity
>
>                verification function for the Internet Protocol. The
>             originator
>
>                transmits an ICMP Echo request packet, and the receiver
>             replies with
>
>                an Echo reply. ICMP ping is defined in two variants,
>             [ICMPv4] is used
>
>                for IPv4, and [ICMPv6] is used for IPv6.
>
>             3.1.2. Traceroute
>
>                Traceroute ([TCPIP-Tools], [NetTools]) is an
>             application that allows
>
>                users to discover the path between an IP source and an IP
>
>                destination. Traceroute sends a sequence of UDP packets
>             to UDP port
>
>                33434 at the destination. By default, Traceroute begins
>             by sending
>
>                three packets (the number of packets is configurable in
>             most
>
>                Traceroute implementations), each with an IP
>             Time-To-Live (TTL) value
>
>                of one to the destination. These packets expire as soon
>             as they reach
>
>                the first router in the path. That router responds by
>             sending three
>
>                ICMP Time Exceeded Messages to the Traceroute
>             application. Traceroute
>
>                now sends another three UDP packets, each with the TTL
>             value of 2.
>
>                These messages cause the second router to return ICMP
>             messages. This
>
>                process continues, with ever increasing values for the
>             TTL field,
>
>                until the packets actually reach the destination.
>             Because no
>
>                application listens to port 33434 at the destination,
>             the destination
>
>                returns ICMP Destination Unreachable Messages indicating an
>
>                unreachable port. This event indicates to the
>             Traceroute application
>
>                that it is finished.  The Traceroute program displays
>             the round-trip
>
>                delay associated with each of the attempts.
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 16]
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>
>                Note that IP routing may be asymmetric. While
>             Traceroute reveals the
>
>                path between a source and destination, it may not
>             reveal the reverse
>
>                path.
>
>                A few ICMP extensions ([ICMP-Ext], [ICMP-MP],
>             [ICMP-Int]) have been
>
>                defined in the context of Traceroute. These extensions
>             augment the
>
>                ICMP Destination Unreachable message, and can be used
>             by Traceroute
>
>                applications.
>
>             3.2. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
>
>             3.2.1. Overview
>
>                While multiple OAM mechanisms have been defined for
>             various protocols
>
>                in the protocol stack, Bidirectional Forwarding
>             Detection [BFD],
>
>                defined by the IETF BFD working group, is a generic OAM
>             mechanism
>
>                that can be deployed over various encapsulating
>             protocols, and in
>
>                various medium types. The IETF has defined variants of
>             the protocol
>
>                for IP ([BFD-IP], [BFD-Multi]), for MPLS LSPs
>             [BFD-LSP], and for PWE3
>
>                [BFD-VCCV]. The usage of BFD in MPLS-TP is defined in
>             [MPLS-TP-CC-
>
>                CV].
>
>                BFD includes two main OAM functions, using two types of
>             BFD packets:
>
>                BFD Control packets, and BFD Echo packets.
>
>             3.2.2. BFD Control
>
>                BFD supports a bidirectional continuity check, using
>             BFD control
>
>                packets, that are exchanged within a BFD session. BFD
>             sessions
>
>                operate in one of two modes:
>
>                o Asynchronous mode (i.e. proactive): in this mode BFD
>             control
>
>                   packets are sent periodically. When the receiver
>             detects that no
>
>                   BFD control packet have been received during a
>             predetermined
>
>                   period of time, a failure is detected.
>
>                o Demand mode: in this mode, BFD control packets are
>             sent on-demand.
>
>                   Upon need, a system initiates a series of BFD
>             control packets to
>
>                   verify the liveness of the session. BFD control
>             packets are sent
>
>                   independently in each direction.
>
>                Each of the end-points of the monitored path maintains
>             its own
>
>                session identification, called a Discriminator, both of
>             which are
>
>                included in the BFD Control Packets that are exchanged
>             between the
>
>                end-points.  At the time of session establishment, the
>             Discriminators
>
>                are exchanged between the two-end points.  In addition, the
>
>                transmission (and reception) rate is negotiated between
>             the two end-
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 17]
>
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>             January 2013
>
>                points, based on information included in the control
>             packets.  These
>
>                transmission rates may be renegotiated during the session.
>
>                During normal operation of the session, i.e. no
>             failures are
>
>                detected, the BFD session is in the Up state.  If no
>             BFD Control
>
>                packets are received during a fixed period of time,
>             called the
>
>         TOM: Fixed, pre-configured or negotiated period of time (i.e.:
>         BFD interval)
>
>         */[TM] We rephrased this sentence./*
>
>                Detection Time, the session is declared to be Down. The
>             detection
>
>                time is a function of the negotiated transmission time,
>             and a
>
>                parameter called Detect Mult. Detect Mult determines
>             the number of
>
>                missing BFD Control packets that cause the session to
>             be declared as
>
>                Down. This parameter is included in the BFD Control packet.
>
>             3.2.3. BFD Echo
>
>                A BFD echo packet is sent to a peer system, and is
>             looped back to the
>
>                originator. The echo function can be used proactively,
>             or on-demand.
>
>                The BFD echo function has been defined in BFD for IPv4
>             and IPv6
>
>                ([BFD-IP]), but is not used in BFD for MPLS LSPs, PWs,
>             or in BFD for
>
>                MPLS-TP.
>
>             3.3. MPLS OAM
>
>                The IETF MPLS working group has defined OAM for MPLS
>             LSPs. The
>
>                requirements and framework of this effort are defined
>             in [MPLS-OAM-
>
>                FW] and [MPLS-OAM], respectively. The corresponding OAM
>             mechanism
>
>                defined, in this context, is LSP Ping [LSP-Ping].
>
>                LSP Ping is based on ICMP Ping and just like its
>             predecessor may be
>
>                used in one of two modes:
>
>                o "Ping" mode: In this mode LSP ping is used for end-to-end
>
>                   connectivity verification between two LERs.
>
>                o "Traceroute" mode: This mode is used for hop-by-hop fault
>
>                   isolation.
>
>                LSP Ping extends the basic ICMP Ping operation (of
>             data-plane
>
>                connectivity verification) with functionality to verify
>             data-plane
>
>                vs. control-plane consistency for a Forwarding
>             Equivalence Class
>
>                (FEC) and also Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
>             problems. The
>
>                traceroute functionality may be used to isolate and
>             localize the MPLS
>
>                faults, using the Time-to-live (TTL) indicator to
>             incrementally
>
>                identify the sub-path of the LSP that is successfully
>             traversed
>
>                before the faulty link or node.
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 18]
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>             January 2013
>
>                It should be noted that LSP Ping supports unique
>             identification of
>
>                the LSP within an addressing domain. The identification
>             is checked
>
>                using the full FEC identification. LSP Ping is easily
>             extensible to
>
>                include additional information needed to support new
>             functionality,
>
>                by use of Type-Length-Value (TLV) constructs. The usage
>             of TLVs is
>
>                typically not easy to perform in hardware, and is thus
>             typically
>
>                handled by the control plane.
>
>                LSP Ping supports both asynchronous, as well as, on-demand
>
>                activation.
>
>             3.4. MPLS-TP OAM
>
>             3.4.1. Overview
>
>                The MPLS working group is currently working on defining
>             the OAM
>
>                toolset that fulfills the requirements for MPLS-TP OAM.
>             The full set
>
>                of requirements for MPLS-TP OAM are defined in
>             [MPLS-TP-OAM], and
>
>                include both general requirements for the behavior of
>             the OAM
>
>                mechanisms and a set of operations that should be
>             supported by the
>
>                OAM toolset.  The set of mechanisms required are
>             further elaborated
>
>                in [TP-OAM-FW], which describes the general
>             architecture of the OAM
>
>                system as well as giving overviews of the functionality
>             of the OAM
>
>                toolset.
>
>                Some of the basic requirements for the OAM toolset for
>             MPLS-TP are:
>
>                o MPLS-TP OAM must be able to support both an IP based
>             and non-IP
>
>                   based environment. If the network is IP based, i.e.
>             IP routing and
>
>                   forwarding are available, then the MPLS-TP OAM
>             toolset should rely
>
>                   on the IP routing and forwarding capabilities. On
>             the other hand,
>
>                   in environments where IP functionality is not
>             available, the OAM
>
>                   tools must still be able to operate without
>             dependence on IP
>
>                   forwarding and routing.
>
>                o OAM packets and the user traffic are required to be
>             congruent
>
>                   (i.e. OAM packets are transmitted in-band) and there
>             is a need to
>
>                   differentiate OAM packets from user-plane ones.
>             Inherent in this
>
>                   requirement is the principle that MPLS-TP OAM be
>             independent of
>
>                   any existing control-plane, although it should not
>             preclude use of
>
>                   the control-plane functionality.
>
>             3.4.2. Generic Associated Channel
>
>                In order to address the requirement for in-band
>             transmission of MPLS-
>
>                TP OAM traffic, MPLS-TP uses a Generic Associated
>             Channel (G-ACh),
>
>                defined in [G-ACh] for LSP-based OAM traffic. This
>             mechanism is based
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 19]
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>
>                on the same concepts as the PWE3 ACH and VCCV
>             mechanisms.  However,
>
>                to address the needs of LSPs as differentiated from PW,
>             the following
>
>                concepts were defined for [G-ACh]:
>
>                o An Associated Channel Header (ACH), that uses a
>             format similar to
>
>                   the PW Control Word, is a 4-byte header that is
>             prepended to OAM
>
>                   packets.
>
>                o A Generic Associated Label (GAL). The GAL is a
>             reserved MPLS label
>
>                   value (13) that indicates that the packet is an ACH
>             packet and the
>
>                   payload follows immediately after the label stack.
>
>             3.4.3. MPLS-TP OAM Toolset
>
>                To address the functionality that is required of the
>             OAM toolset, the
>
>                MPLS WG conducted an analysis of the existing IETF and
>             ITU-T OAM
>
>                mechanisms and their ability to fulfill the required
>             functionality.
>
>                The conclusions of this analysis are documented in
>             [OAM-Analys]. The
>
>                MPLS working group currently plans to use a mixture of
>             OAM mechanisms
>
>                that are based on various existing standards, and adapt
>             them to the
>
>                requirements of [MPLS-TP-OAM]. Some of the main
>             building blocks of
>
>                this solution are based on:
>
>                o Bidirectional Forwarding Detection ([BFD], [BFD-LSP]) for
>
>                   proactive continuity check and connectivity
>             verification.
>
>                o LSP Ping as defined in [LSP-Ping] for on-demand
>             connectivity
>
>                   verification.
>
>                o New protocol packets, using G-ACH, to address different
>
>                   functionality.
>
>                o Performance measurement protocols that are based on the
>
>                   functionality that is described in [ITU-T-Y1731].
>
>                The following sub-sections describe the OAM tools
>             defined for MPLS-TP
>
>                as described in [TP-OAM-FW].
>
>             3.4.3.1. Continuity Check and Connectivity Verification
>
>                Continuity Check and Connectivity Verification are
>             presented in
>
>                Section 2.2.5. of this document.  As presented there,
>             these tools may
>
>                be used either proactively or on-demand.  When using
>             these tools
>
>                proactively, they are generally used in tandem.
>
>                For MPLS-TP there are two distinct tools, the proactive
>             tool is
>
>                defined in [TP-CC-CV] while the on-demand tool is
>             defined in
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 20]
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>             January 2013
>
>              [OnDemand-CV].Proactively [MPLS-TP-OAM] states that the
>             function
>
>                should allow the MEPs to monitor the liveness and
>             connectivity of a
>
>                transport path. In on-demand mode, this function should
>             support
>
>                monitoring between the MEPs and, in addition, between a
>             MEP and MIP.
>
>                [TP-OAM-FW] highlights,  when performing Connectivity
>             Verification,
>
>                the need for the CC-V messages to include unique
>             identification of
>
>                the MEG that is being monitored and the MEP that
>             originated the
>
>                message.
>
>                The proactive tool [TP-CC-CV] is based on extensions to
>             BFD (see
>
>                Section 3.2. ) with the additional limitation that the
>             transmission
>
>                and receiving rates are based on configuration by the
>             operator.  The
>
>                on-demand tool [OnDemand-CV] is an adaptation of LSP
>             Ping (see
>
>                Section 3.3. ) for the required behavior of MPLS-TP.
>
>             3.4.3.2. Route Tracing
>
>                [MPLS-TP-OAM] defines that there is a need for
>             functionality that
>
>                would allow a path end-point to identify the
>             intermediate and end-
>
>                points of the path. This function would be used in
>             on-demand mode.
>
>                Normally, this path will be used for bidirectional PW,
>             LSP, and
>
>                sections, however, unidirectional paths may be
>             supported only if a
>
>                return path exists.  The tool for this is based on the
>             LSP Ping (see
>
>                Section 3.3. ) functionality and is described in
>             [OnDemand-CV].
>
>             3.4.3.3. Lock Instruct
>
>                The Lock Instruct function [Lock-Loop] is used to
>             notify a transport
>
>                path end-point of an administrative need to disable the
>             transport
>
>                path.  This functionality will generally be used in
>             conjunction with
>
>                some intrusive OAM function, e.g. Performance
>             measurement, Diagnostic
>
>                testing, to minimize the side-effect on user data traffic.
>
>             3.4.3.4. Lock Reporting
>
>                Lock Reporting is a function used by an end-point of a
>             path to report
>
>                to its far-end end-point that a lock condition has been
>             affected on
>
>                the path.
>
>             3.4.3.5. Alarm Reporting
>
>                Alarm Reporting is a function used by an intermediate
>             point of a
>
>                path, that becomes aware of a fault on the path, to
>             report to the
>
>                end-points of the path. [TP-OAM-FW] states that this
>             may occur as a
>
>                result of a defect condition discovered at a server
>             sub-layer. This
>
>                generates an Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) that
>             continues until the
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 21]
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>             January 2013
>
>                fault is cleared. The consequent action of this
>             function is detailed
>
>                in [TP-OAM-FW].
>
>             3.4.3.6. Remote Defect Indication
>
>                Remote Defect Indication (RDI) is used proactively by a
>             path end-
>
>                point to report to its peer end-point that a defect is
>             detected on a
>
>                bidirectional connection between them. [MPLS-TP-OAM]
>             points out that
>
>                this function may be applied to a unidirectional LSP
>             only if there a
>
>                return path exists.  [TP-OAM-FW] points out that this
>             function is
>
>                associated with the proactive CC-V function.
>
>             3.4.3.7. Client Failure Indication
>
>                Client Failure Indication (CFI) is defined in
>             [MPLS-TP-OAM] to allow
>
>                the propagation information from one edge of the
>             network to the
>
>                other. The information concerns a defect to a client,
>             in the case
>
>                that the client does not support alarm notification.
>
>             3.4.3.8. Packet Loss Measurement (LM)
>
>                Packet Loss Measurement is a function used to verify
>             the quality of
>
>                the service. This function indicates the ratio of
>             packets that are
>
>                not delivered out of all packets that are transmitted
>             by the path
>
>                source.
>
>                There are two possible ways of determining this
>             measurement:
>
>                o Using OAM packets, it is possible to compute the
>             statistics based
>
>                   on a series of OAM packets. This, however, has the
>             disadvantage of
>
>                   being artificial, and may not be representative
>             since part of the
>
>                   packet loss may be dependent upon packet sizes.
>
>         TOM: Not just packet sizes. Things like implementation (as I
>         mentioned above with the comment about the accuracy or
>         truthfulness of the data plane processing of OAM packets).
>          Doing very accurate RTT as a simple example, with just IP
>         Pings, is a tricky thing to make work.  Also, it is important
>         to mention that the scale in terms of number of packets,
>         number of tests, etc... can and will impact these parameters too.
>
>         */[TM] Following your comment we rephrased this sentence./*
>
>                o Sending delimiting messages for the start and end of
>             a measurement
>
>                   period during which the source and sink of the path
>             count the
>
>                   packets transmitted and received. After the end
>             delimiter, the
>
>                   ratio would be calculated by the path OAM entity.
>
>             3.4.3.9. Packet Delay Measurement (DM)
>
>                Packet Delay Measurement is a function that is used to
>             measure one-
>
>                way or two-way delay of a packet transmission between a
>             pair of the
>
>                end-points of a path (PW, LSP, or Section). Where:
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 22]
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>             January 2013
>
>                o One-way packet delay is the time elapsed from the
>             start of
>
>                   transmission of the first bit of the packet by a
>             source node until
>
>                   the reception of the last bit of that packet by the
>             destination
>
>                   node.
>
>                o Two-way packet delay is the time elapsed from the
>             start of
>
>                   transmission of the first bit of the packet by a
>             source node until
>
>                   the reception of the last bit of the loop-backed
>             packet by the
>
>                   same source node, when the loopback is performed at
>             the packet's
>
>                   destination node.
>
>                Similarly to the packet loss measurement this could be
>             performed in
>
>                either of the two ways outlined above.
>
>             3.5. PWE3 OAM
>
>             3.5.1. PWE3 OAM using Virtual Circuit Connectivity
>             Verification (VCCV)
>
>                VCCV, as defined in [VCCV], provides a means for
>             end-to-end fault
>
>                detection and diagnostics tools to be extended for PWs
>             (regardless of
>
>                the underlying tunneling technology). The VCCV
>             switching function
>
>                provides a control channel associated with each PW
>             (based on the PW
>
>                Associated Channel Header (ACH) which is defined in
>             [PW-ACH]), and
>
>                allows transmitting the OAM packets in-band with PW
>             data (using CC
>
>                Type 1: In-band VCCV).
>
>                VCCV currently supports the following OAM mechanisms:
>             ICMP Ping, LSP
>
>                Ping, and BFD. ICMP and LSP Ping are IP encapsulated
>             before being
>
>                sent over the PW ACH. BFD for VCCV [BFD-VCCV] supports
>             two modes of
>
>                encapsulation - either IP/UDP encapsulated (with IP/UDP
>             header) or
>
>                PW-ACH encapsulated (with no IP/UDP header) and
>             provides support to
>
>                signal the AC status. The use of the VCCV control
>             channel provides
>
>                the context, based on the MPLS-PW label, required to
>             bind and
>
>                bootstrap the BFD session to a particular pseudo wire
>             (FEC),
>
>                eliminating the need to exchange Discriminator values.
>
>                VCCV consists of two components: (1) signaled component to
>
>                communicate VCCV capabilities as part of VC label, and
>             (2) switching
>
>                component to cause the PW payload to be treated as a
>             control packet.
>
>                VCCV is not directly dependent upon the presence of a
>             control plane.
>
>                The VCCV capability negotiation may be performed as
>             part of the PW
>
>                signaling when LDP is used. In case of manual
>             configuration of the
>
>                PW, it is the responsibility of the operator to set
>             consistent
>
>                options at both ends.
>
>         TOM: Might be helpful to note that the static mode was created
>         specifically to handle the MPLS-TP cases where no control
>         plane was a requirement. However, new use cases such as pure
>         mobile backhaul, etc... find this functionality useful too.
>
>         */[TM] Following your comment we added some text to explain
>         this./*
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 23]
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>             January 2013
>
>             3.5.2. PWE3 OAM using G-ACh
>
>                As mentioned above, VCCV enables OAM for PWs by using a
>             control
>
>                channel for OAM packets. When PWs are used in MPLS-TP
>             networks,
>
>                rather than the control channels defined in VCCV, the
>             G-ACh can be
>
>                used as an alternative control channel. The usage of
>             the G-ACh for
>
>                PWs is defined in [PW-G-ACh].
>
>             3.6. OWAMP and TWAMP
>
>             3.6.1. Overview
>
>                The IPPM working group in the IETF defines common
>             criteria and
>
>                metrics for measuring performance of IP traffic
>             ([IPPM-FW]). Some of
>
>                the key RFCs published by this working group have
>             defined metrics for
>
>                measuring connectivity [IPPM-Con], delay ([IPPM-1DM],
>             [IPPM-2DM]),
>
>                and packet loss [IPPM-1LM].
>
>                Alternative protocols for performance measurement are
>             defined, for
>
>                example, in MPLS-TP OAM ([MPLS-LM-DM], [TP-LM-DM]), and
>             in Ethernet
>
>                OAM [ITU-T-Y1731].
>
>                The IPPM working group has defined not only metrics for
>             performance
>
>                measurement, but also protocols that define how the
>             measurement is
>
>                carried out. The One-way Active Measurement Protocol
>             [OWAMP] and the
>
>                Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol [TWAMP] define a
>             method and
>
>                protocol for measuring delay and packet loss in IP
>             networks.
>
>                OWAMP [OWAMP] enables measurement of one-way
>             characteristics of IP
>
>                networks, such as one-way packet loss and one-way
>             delay.  For its
>
>                proper operation OWAMP requires accurate time of day
>             setting at its
>
>                end points.
>
>                TWAMP [TWAMP] is a similar protocol that enables
>             measurement of two-
>
>                way (round trip) characteristics.  TWAMP does not
>             require accurate
>
>                time of day, and, furthermore, allows the use of a
>             simple session
>
>                reflector, making it an attractive alternative to OWAMP.
>
>                OWAMP and TWAMP use two separate protocols: a Control
>             plane protocol,
>
>                and a Test plane protocol.
>
>             3.6.2. Control and Test Protocols
>
>                OWAMP and TWAMP control protocols run over TCP, while
>             the test
>
>                protocols run over UDP.  The purpose of the control
>             protocols is to
>
>                initiate, start, and stop test sessions, and for OWAMP
>             to fetch
>
>                results.  The test protocols introduce test packets
>             (which contain
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 24]
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>             January 2013
>
>                sequence numbers and timestamps) along the IP path
>             under test
>
>                according to a schedule, and record statistics of
>             packet arrival.
>
>                Multiple sessions may be simultaneously defined, each
>             with a session
>
>                identifier, and defining the number of packets to be
>             sent, the amount
>
>                of padding to be added (and thus the packet size), the
>             start time,
>
>                and the send schedule (which can be either a constant
>             time between
>
>                test packets or exponentially distributed
>             pseudo-random). Statistics
>
>                recorded conform to the relevant IPPM RFCs.
>
>                OWAMP and TWAMP test traffic is designed with security
>             in mind.  Test
>
>                packets are hard to detect because they are simply UDP
>             streams
>
>                between negotiated port numbers, with potentially
>             nothing static in
>
>                the packets.  OWAMP and TWAMP also include optional
>             authentication
>
>                and encryption for both control and test packets.
>
>             3.6.3. OWAMP
>
>                OWAMP defines the following logical roles:
>             Session-Sender, Session-
>
>                Receiver, Server, Control-Client, and Fetch-Client.
>              The Session-
>
>                Sender originates test traffic that is received by the
>             Session-
>
>                Receiver.  The Server configures and manages the
>             session, as well as
>
>                returning the results.  The Control-Client initiates
>             requests for
>
>                test sessions, triggers their start, and may trigger their
>
>                termination.  The Fetch-Client requests the results of
>             a completed
>
>                session.  Multiple roles may be combined in a single
>             host - for
>
>                example, one host may play the roles of Control-Client,
>             Fetch-Client,
>
>                and Session-Sender, and a second playing the roles of
>             Server and
>
>                Session-Receiver.
>
>                In a typical OWAMP session the Control-Client
>             establishes a TCP
>
>                connection to port 861 of the Server, which responds
>             with a server
>
>                greeting message indicating supported
>             security/integrity modes. The
>
>                Control-Client responds with the chosen communications
>             mode and the
>
>                Server accepts the modes.  The Control-Client then
>             requests and fully
>
>                describes a test session to which the Server responds
>             with its
>
>                acceptance and supporting information.  More than one
>             test session
>
>                may be requested with additional messages.  The
>             Control-Client then
>
>                starts a test session and the Server acknowledges.  The
>             Session-
>
>                Sender then sends test packets with pseudorandom
>             padding to the
>
>                Session-Receiver until the session is complete or until
>             the Control-
>
>                client stops the session.  Once finished, the
>             Fetch-Client sends a
>
>                fetch request to the server, which responds with an
>             acknowledgement
>
>                and immediately thereafter the result data.
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 25]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>             3.6.4. TWAMP
>
>                TWAMP defines the following logical roles:
>             session-sender, session-
>
>                reflector, server, and control-client.  These are
>             similar to the
>
>                OWAMP roles, except that the Session-Reflector does not
>             collect any
>
>                packet information, and there is no need for a
>             Fetch-Client.
>
>                In a typical TWAMP session the Control-Client
>             establishes a TCP
>
>                connection to port 862 of the Server, and mode is
>             negotiated as in
>
>                OWAMP.  The Control-Client then requests sessions and
>             starts them.
>
>                The Session-Sender sends test packets with pseudorandom
>             padding to
>
>                the Session-Reflector which returns them with insertion of
>
>                timestamps.
>
>             3.7. Summary of OAM Functions
>
>                Table 3 summarizes the OAM functions that are supported
>             in each of
>
>                the categories that were analyzed in this section.
>
>              +-----------+-------+--------+--------+-----------+-------+--------+
>
>                | Standard  |Continu|Connecti|Path    |Defect
>             |Perform|Other   |
>
>                |           |ity  |vity    |Discover|Indications|ance
>             |Function|
>
>                |           |Check  |Verifica|y       |          
>             |Monitor|s     |
>
>                |           | |tion    |        |           |ing    |    |
>
>              +-----------+-------+--------+--------+-----------+-------+--------+
>
>                |IP Ping    | |Echo    |        |           |       |    |
>
>                + --------- + ----- + ------ + ------ + --------- +
>             ----- + ------ +
>
>                |IP         |       |        |Tracerou|           |    
>               |  |
>
>                |Traceroute |       |        |te      |           |    
>               |  |
>
>                + --------- + ----- + ------ + ------ + --------- +
>             ----- + ------ +
>
>                |BFD        |BFD  |BFD     |        |           |      
>             |    |
>
>                | |Control|Echo    |        |           |   |        |
>
>                + --------- + ----- + ------ + ------ + --------- +
>             ----- + ------ +
>
>                |MPLS OAM   | |"Ping"  |"Tracero|           |       |    |
>
>                |(LSP Ping) | |mode    |ute"    |           |       |    |
>
>                |           |       |        |mode    |           |    
>               |  |
>
>                + --------- + ----- + ------ + ------ + --------- +
>             ----- + ------ +
>
>                |MPLS-TP    |CC |CV/pro- |Route   |-Alarm     |-LM
>              |-Diagnos|
>
>                |OAM        | |active  |Tracing | Reporting |-DM    |
>             tic Tes|
>
>                |           | |or on-  |        |-Client    |       | t
>                |
>
>                |           | |demand  |        | Failure   |      
>             |-Lock   |
>
>                |           |       |        |        | Indication|    
>               |  |
>
>                |           |       |        |        |-Remote    |    
>               |  |
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 26]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                |           |       |        |        | Defect    |    
>               |  |
>
>                |           |       |        |        | Indication|    
>               |  |
>
>                + --------- + ----- + ------ + ------ + --------- +
>             ----- + ------ +
>
>                |PWE3 OAM   |BFD  |-BFD    |LSP-Ping|           |      
>             |    |
>
>                |           | |-ICMP   |        |           |       |    |
>
>                |           |       | Ping   |        |           |    
>               |  |
>
>                |           | |-LSP-   |        |           |       |    |
>
>                |           |       | Ping   |        |           |    
>               |  |
>
>                + --------- + ----- + ------ + ------ + --------- +
>             ----- + ------ +
>
>                |OWAMP and  |       |        |        |          
>             |-Delay |  |
>
>                |TWAMP      |       |        |        |           |
>             measur|  |
>
>                |           |       |        |        |           |
>             ement |  |
>
>                |           |       |        |        |          
>             |-Packet|  |
>
>                |           |       |        |        |           |
>             loss  |  |
>
>                |           |       |        |        |           |
>             measur|  |
>
>                |           |       |        |        |           |
>             ement |  |
>
>              +-----------+-------+--------+--------+-----------+-------+--------+
>
>              Table 3 Summary of OAM Functions
>
>             4. Security Considerations
>
>                This memo presents an overview of existing OAM
>             mechanisms, and
>
>                proposes no new OAM mechanisms. Therefore, this
>             document introduces
>
>                no security considerations. However, the OAM mechanism
>             reviewed in
>
>                this document can and do present security issues. The
>             reader is
>
>                encouraged to review the Security Considerations
>             section of each
>
>                document reference by this memo.
>
>             5. IANA Considerations
>
>                There are no new IANA considerations implied by this
>             document.
>
>             6. Acknowledgments
>
>                The authors gratefully acknowledge Sasha Vainshtein, Carlos
>
>                Pignataro, David Harrington, Dan Romascanu, Ron Bonica
>             and other
>
>                members of the OPSAWG mailing list for their helpful
>             comments.
>
>                This document was prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot.
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 27]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>             7. References
>
>             7.1. Normative References
>
>                [LSP-Ping]  Kompella, K., Swallow, G., "Detecting
>             Multi-Protocol
>
>                              Label Switched (MPLS) Data Plane
>             Failures", RFC 4379,
>
>                              February 2006.
>
>                [MPLS-OAM]    Nadeau, T., Morrow, M., Swallow, G.,
>             Allan, D.,
>
>              Matsushima, S., "Operations and Management (OAM)
>
>              Requirements for Multi-Protocol Label Switched (MPLS)
>
>              Networks", RFC 4377, February 2006.
>
>                [MPLS-OAM-FW] Allan, D., Nadeau, T., "A Framework for
>             Multi-Protocol
>
>                              Label Switching (MPLS) Operations and
>             Management
>
>                              (OAM)", RFC 4378, February 2006.
>
>                [OAM-Label]   Ohta, H., "Assignment of the 'OAM Alert
>             Label' for
>
>              Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture (MPLS)
>
>              Operation and Maintenance (OAM) Functions", RFC 3429,
>
>                              November 2002.
>
>                [MPLS-TP-OAM] Vigoureux, M., Ward, D., Betts, M.,
>             "Requirements for
>
>                              OAM in MPLS Transport Networks", RFC
>             5860, May 2010.
>
>                [G-ACh]       Bocci, M., Vigoureux, M., Bryant, S.,
>             "MPLS Generic
>
>              Associated Channel", RFC 5586, June 2009.
>
>                [VCCV]        Nadeau, T., Pignataro, C., "Pseudowire
>             Virtual Circuit
>
>              Connectivity Verification (VCCV): A Control Channel
>
>                              for Pseudowires", RFC 5085, December 2007.
>
>                [PW-ACH]      Bryant, S., Swallow, G., Martini, L.,
>             McPherson, D.,
>
>              "Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Control Word
>
>                              for Use over an MPLS PSN", RFC 4385,
>             February 2006.
>
>                [ICMPv4]      Postel, J., "Internet Control Message
>             Protocol", STD 5,
>
>                              RFC 792, September 1981.
>
>                [ICMPv6]      Conta, A., Deering, S., and M. Gupta,
>             "Internet Control
>
>                              Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the
>             Internet Protocol
>
>                              Version 6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC
>             4443, March 2006.
>
>                [MPLS-P2MP] Yasukawa, S., Farrel, A., King, D., Nadeau, T.,
>
>              "Operations and Management (OAM) Requirements for
>
>              Point-to-Multipoint MPLS Networks", RFC 4687,
>
>              September 2006.
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 28]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                [ICMP-Ext]    Bonica, R., Gan, D., Tappan, D.,
>             Pignataro, C., "ICMP
>
>              Extensions for Multiprotocol Label Switching", RFC
>
>                              4950, August 2007.
>
>                [ICMP-MP]     Bonica, R., Gan, D., Tappan, D.,
>             Pignataro, C.,
>
>              "Extended ICMP to Support Multi-Part Messages", RFC
>
>                              4884, April 2007.
>
>                [ICMP-Int]    Atlas, A., Bonica, R., Pignataro, C.,
>             Shen, N., Rivers,
>
>                              JR., "Extending ICMP for Interface and
>             Next-Hop
>
>              Identification", RFC 5837, April 2010.
>
>                [TCPIP-Tools] Kessler, G., Shepard, S., "A Primer On
>             Internet and
>
>                              TCP/IP Tools and Utilities", RFC 2151,
>             June 1997.
>
>                [NetTools]    Stine, R., "FYI on a Network Management
>             Tool Catalog:
>
>                              Tools for Monitoring and Debugging TCP/IP
>             Internets
>
>                              and Interconnected Devices", RFC 1147,
>             April 1990.
>
>                [IPPM-FW]     Paxson, V., Almes, G., Mahdavi, J., and
>             Mathis, M.,
>
>              "Framework for IP Performance Metrics", RFC 2330, May
>
>                              1998.
>
>                [IPPM-Con]    Mahdavi, J., Paxson, V., "IPPM Metrics
>             for Measuring
>
>              Connectivity", RFC 2678, September 1999.
>
>                [IPPM-1DM]    Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., Zekauskas, M.,
>             "A One-way
>
>                              Delay Metric for IPPM", RFC 2679,
>             September 1999.
>
>                [IPPM-1LM]    Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., Zekauskas, M.,
>             "A One-way
>
>                              Packet Loss Metric for IPPM", RFC 2680,
>             September
>
>                              1999.
>
>                [IPPM-2DM]    Almes, G., Kalidindi, S., Zekauskas, M.,
>             "A Round-trip
>
>                              Delay Metric for IPPM", RFC 2681,
>             September 1999.
>
>                [OWAMP] Shalunov, S., Teitelbaum, B., Karp, A., Boote,
>             J., and
>
>              Zekauskas, M., "A One-way Active Measurement Protocol
>
>              (OWAMP)", RFC 4656, September 2006.
>
>                [TWAMP]       Hedayat, K., Krzanowski, R., Morton, A.,
>             Yum, K., and
>
>                              Babiarz, J., "A Two-Way Active
>             Measurement Protocol
>
>              (TWAMP)", RFC 5357, October 2008.
>
>                [BFD]         Katz, D., Ward, D., "Bidirectional
>             Forwarding Detection
>
>                              (BFD)", RFC 5880, June 2010.
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 29]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                [BFD-IP]      Katz, D., Ward, D., "Bidirectional
>             Forwarding Detection
>
>                              (BFD) for IPv4 and IPv6 (Single Hop)",
>             RFC 5881, June
>
>                              2010.
>
>                [BFD-Gen]     Katz, D., Ward, D., "Generic Application of
>
>              Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)", RFC 5882,
>
>                              June 2010.
>
>                [BFD-Multi]   Katz, D., Ward, D., "Bidirectional
>             Forwarding Detection
>
>                              (BFD) for Multihop Paths", RFC 5883, June
>             2010.
>
>                [BFD-LSP] Aggarwal, R., Kompella, K., Nadeau, T., and
>             Swallow,
>
>                              G., "Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
>             (BFD) for MPLS
>
>                              Label Switched Paths (LSPs)", RFC 5884,
>             June 2010.
>
>                [BFD-VCCV]    Nadeau, T., Pignataro, C., "Bidirectional
>             Forwarding
>
>              Detection (BFD) for the Pseudowire Virtual Circuit
>
>              Connectivity Verification (VCCV)", RFC 5885, June
>
>                              2010.
>
>                [TP-OAM-FW]   Busi, I., Allan, D., "Operations,
>             Administration and
>
>              Maintenance Framework for MPLS-based Transport
>
>                              Networks ", RFC 6371, September 2011.
>
>                [TP-CC-CV]    Allan, D., Swallow, G., Drake, J., "Proactive
>
>              Connectivity Verification, Continuity Check and Remote
>
>                              Defect indication for MPLS Transport
>             Profile", RFC
>
>                              6428, November 2011.
>
>                [OnDemand-CV] Gray, E., Bahadur, N., Boutros, S.,
>             Aggarwal, R. "MPLS
>
>              On-Demand Connectivity Verification and Route
>
>              Tracing", RFC 6426, November 2011.
>
>                [MPLS-LM-DM]  Frost, D., Bryant, S., "Packet Loss and Delay
>
>              Measurement for MPLS Networks", RFC 6374, September
>
>                              2011.
>
>                [TP-LM-DM]    Frost, D., Bryant, S., "A Packet Loss and
>             Delay
>
>              Measurement Profile for MPLS-Based Transport
>
>              Networks", RFC 6375, September 2011.
>
>                [TP-Fault]    Swallow, G., Fulignoli, A., Vigoureux,
>             M., Boutros, S.,
>
>                              "MPLS Fault Management Operations,
>             Administration, and
>
>              Maintenance (OAM)", RFC 6427, November 2011.
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 30]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                [Lock-Loop]   Boutros, S., Sivabalan, S., Aggarwal, R.,
>             Vigoureux,
>
>                              M., Dai, X., "MPLS Transport Profile Lock
>             Instruct and
>
>                              Loopback Functions", RFC 6435, November 2011.
>
>                [ITU-T-CT]    Betts, M., "Allocation of a Generic
>             Associated Channel
>
>                              Type for ITU-T MPLS Transport Profile
>             Operation,
>
>              Maintenance, and Administration (MPLS-TP OAM)", RFC
>
>                              6671, November 2012.
>
>                [PW-Map]      M. Aissaoui, P. Busschbach, L. Martini,
>             M. Morrow, T.
>
>                              Nadeau, "Pseudowire (PW) Operations,
>             Administration,
>
>                              and Maintenance (OAM) Message Mapping",
>             RFC 6310, July
>
>                              2011.
>
>                [PW-G-ACh]    Li, H., Martini, L., He, J., Huang, F.,
>             "Using the
>
>                              Generic Associated Channel Label for
>             Pseudowire in the
>
>                              MPLS Transport Profile (MPLS-TP)", RFC
>             6423, November
>
>                              2011.
>
>             7.2. Informative References
>
>                [OAM-Def] Andersson, L., Van Helvoort, H., Bonica, R.,
>             Romascanu,
>
>                              D., Mansfield, S., "Guidelines for the
>             use of the OAM
>
>                              acronym in the IETF ", RFC 6291, June 2011.
>
>                [OAM-Analys]  Sprecher, N., Fang, L., "An Overview of
>             the OAM Tool
>
>                              Set for  MPLS based Transport Networks",
>             RFC 6669,
>
>                              July 2012.
>
>                [TP-Term]     Van Helvoort, H., Andersson, L.,
>             Sprecher, N., "A
>
>              Thesaurus for the Terminology used in Multiprotocol
>
>                              Label Switching Transport Profile (MPLS-TP)
>
>              drafts/RFCs and ITU-T's Transport Network
>
>              Recommendations", work-in-progress, draft-ietf-mpls-
>
>              tp-rosetta-stone, July 2012.
>
>                [IEEE802.1ag] IEEE 802.1Q, "IEEE Standard for Local and
>             metropolitan
>
>                              area networks - Media Access Control
>             (MAC) Bridges and
>
>                              Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks",
>             October 2012.
>
>                [ITU-T-Y1731] ITU-T Recommendation G.8013/Y.1731, "OAM
>             Functions and
>
>              Mechanisms for Ethernet-based Networks", July 2011.
>
>                [ITU-T-Y1711] ITU-T Recommendation Y.1711, "Operation &
>             Maintenance
>
>              mechanism for MPLS networks", February 2004.
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 31]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                [IEEE802.3ah] IEEE 802.3, "IEEE Standard for
>             Information technology -
>
>                              Local and metropolitan area networks -
>             Carrier sense
>
>                              multiple access with collision detection
>             (CSMA/CD)
>
>                              access method and physical layer
>             specifications",
>
>                              clause 57, December 2008.
>
>                [ITU-T-G.806] ITU-T Recommendation G.806,
>             "Characteristics of
>
>              transport equipment - Description methodology and
>
>                              generic functionality", January 2009.
>
>                [ITU-G8113.2] ITU-T Recommendation G.8113.2/Y.1372.2,
>             "Operations,
>
>              administration and maintenance mechanisms for MPLS-TP
>
>                              networks using the tools defined for
>             MPLS", November
>
>                              2012.
>
>                [ITU-G8113.1] ITU-T Recommendation G.8113.1/Y.1372.1,
>             "Operations,
>
>              Administration and Maintenance mechanism for MPLS-TP
>
>                              in Packet Transport Network (PTN)",
>             November 2012.
>
>             Authors' Addresses
>
>                Tal Mizrahi
>
>                Marvell
>
>                6 Hamada St.
>
>                Yokneam, 20692
>
>                Israel
>
>                Email: talmi@marvell.com <mailto:talmi@marvell.com>
>
>                Nurit Sprecher
>
>                Nokia Siemens Networks
>
>                3 Hanagar St. Neve Ne'eman B
>
>                Hod Hasharon,   45241
>
>                Israel
>
>                Email: nurit.sprecher@nsn.com
>             <mailto:nurit.sprecher@nsn.com>
>
>                Elisa Bellagamba
>
>                Ericsson
>
>                6 Farogatan St.
>
>                Stockholm,   164 40
>
>                Sweden
>
>             Mizrahi, et al. Expires July 9, 2013                 [Page 32]
>
>             Internet-Draft Overview of OAM Mechanisms          
>             January 2013
>
>                Phone: +46 761440785
>
>                Email: elisa.bellagamba@ericsson.com
>             <mailto:elisa.bellagamba@ericsson.com>
>
>                Yaacov Weingarten
>
>                34 Hagefen St.
>
>                Karnei Shomron, 4485500
>
>                Israel
>
>                Email: wyaacov@gmail.com <mailto:wyaacov@gmail.com>
>
>             draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview authors,
>
>             Here is my feedback on this document.
>
>             1.
>             Is this document in line with
>             http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trill-oam-req-04?
>             * For example, the following definitions could be reused.
>
>                 Fault: The term Fault refers to an inability to perform a required
>
>                 action, e.g., an unsuccessful attempt to deliver a packet.
>
>               
>
>                 Defect: The term Defect refers to an interruption in the normal
>
>                 operation, such that over a period of time no packets are delivered
>
>                 successfully.
>
>               
>
>                 Failure: The term Failure refers to the termination of the required
>
>                 function over a longer period of time. Persistence of a defect for a
>
>                 period of time is interpreted as a failure.
>
>               
>
>             * For example, on the basic abstract
>
>             Abstract
>
>               
>
>                 Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) is a general term
>
>                 that refers to a toolset that can be used for fault detection and
>
>                 isolation, and for performance measurement. OAM mechanisms have been
>
>                 defined for various layers in the protocol stack, and are used with a
>
>                 variety of protocols.
>
>               
>
>             Abstract (draft-ietf-trill-oam-req-04)
>
>               
>
>                 OAM (Operations, Administration and Maintenance) is a general term
>
>                 used to identify functions and toolsets to troubleshoot and monitor
>
>                 networks. This document presents, OAM Requirements applicable to
>
>                 TRILL.
>
>               
>
>             So, as an example: does OAM include function?
>
>             I advice to review draft-ietf-trill-oam-req-04
>
>               
>
>             2.
>
>             draft-ietf-trill-oam is not mentioned, while the abstract mentions:
>
>                 This document presents an overview of the OAM mechanisms that have
>
>                 been defined and are currently being defined by the IETF.
>
>             Search for OAM in the current draft names (https://datatracker.ietf.org/), and you will find many references.
>
>             Ok, I see later on:
>
>                 This document focuses on IETF
>
>                 documents that have been published as RFCs, while other ongoing OAM-
>
>                 related work is outside the scope.
>
>             Ok, fine then: we don't need a reference to all the drafts.
>
>             However, draft-ietf-trill-oam is closed to be a RFC, and should be mentioned.
>
>               
>
>               
>
>             3.
>
>             Section 1
>
>                 The term OAM in this document refers to Operations, Administration
>
>                 and Maintenance [OAM-Def  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#ref-OAM-Def>], focusing on the forwarding plane of OAM.
>
>             What does it mean "focusing on the forwarding plane of OAM"?
>
>             Do you take a subset of the definition for this document?
>
>             Btw, I don't see a definition in the terminology section.
>
>             In section 2.2.3
>
>                 A Maintenance Point (MP) is a functional entity that is defined at a
>
>                 node in the network, and either initiates or reacts to OAM messages.
>
>             Which plane is MP?
>
>               
>
>             4.
>
>             Section 1, Introduction
>
>             "Hence, management aspects are outside the scope of this document."
>
>             I don't understand which management aspects we speak about here.
>
>             5.
>             Clarifying question regarding 1.2
>             If speak about OWAMP or TWAMP 'synthetic traffic), is that
>             data plane, control plane, or management plane?
>             Note that I found later on in the draft:
>
>                 OWAMP and TWAMP use two separate protocols: a Control plane protocol,
>
>                 and a Test plane protocol.
>
>             Interestingly enough, after reading the document, I
>             reviewed
>             http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/ballot/,
>             and saw the same feedback from Stewart Bryant:
>
>             Provide a clear view of OAM functionality and its relationship
>
>             to various "planes" of networking (data plane, control plane,
>
>             management plane). In particular, the importance of
>
>             fate-sharing of OAM and user traffic flows in packet networks
>
>             should be explained.
>
>             6.
>
>             I see a multiplication of "plane" terms in the IETF document, and in this document in particular.
>
>             I could find: forwarding plane, management plane, control plane, data plane, user plane, and test plane.
>
>             Way too many.
>
>             Please be consistent
>
>             7.
>
>                 Table 1 summarizes the IETF OAM related RFCs discussed in this
>
>                 document.
>
>               
>
>                 Table 2 summarizes the OAM standards mentioned in this document.
>
>               
>
>             You need to change the Table 2 description. Do you want to say something along the lines of:
>
>                 Table 2 summarizes the OAM standards specified by other Standard Development Organization
>
>                 (SDO) than the IETF, along with IETF references where applicable.
>
>               
>
>               
>
>             8.
>
>             Section 2.2.1
>
>                 For a formal definition of each term, refer to the references at the end of
>
>                 this document.
>
>             Without a reference to a specific RFC, this is the type of statement which is not useful: you have 5 pages of references.
>
>             You position this document as "An Overview of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Mechanisms", but you tell the reader: "if you want to know about the terms,
>
>             just read first all references!"
>
>               
>
>             9.
>
>             You specify some terms and some OAM categories,
>
>                 2.2.2  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#section-2.2.2>. OAM Maintenance Entities ..........................13  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#page-13>
>
>                       2.2.3  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#section-2.2.3>. OAM Maintenance Points ............................14  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#page-14>
>
>                       2.2.4  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#section-2.2.4>. Proactive and On-demand activation ................15  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#page-15>
>
>                       2.2.5  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#section-2.2.5>. Connectivity Verification and Continuity Checks ...15  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#page-15>
>
>                       2.2.6  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#section-2.2.6>. Failures ..........................................15  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#page-15>
>
>             ... but you don't use them in the section 3
>
>               
>
>             Just_one_example with section 3.2.2
>
>             -
>
>                 o Demand mode: in this mode, BFD control packets are sent on-demand.
>
>                    Upon need, a system initiates a series of BFD control packets to
>
>                    verify the liveness of the session
>
>             Instead of liveness, you have defined Connectivity Verification and Continuity Checks in section 2.2.5
>
>             - OLD:
>
>                 Each of the end-points of the monitored path maintains its own
>
>                 session identification
>
>             NEW:
>
>                 Each of the MEP maintains its own session identification
>
>             OR NEW (actually I don't know)
>
>                 Each of the MP maintains its own session identification
>
>             - OLD
>
>                 A BFD echo packet is sent to a peer system
>
>             Peer system = MEP, MP, or something else?
>
>             - etc...
>
>               
>
>             10.
>
>             This document is composed of a list of OAM content and references, but I'm really missing the document "scope and target audience".
>
>             When we did RFC 6632, which is the companion document, we hadhttp://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6632#section-1.1
>
>               
>
>                 The target audience of the document is, on the one hand, IETF working
>
>                 groups, which aim to select appropriate standard management protocols
>
>                 and data models to address their needs concerning network management.
>
>                 On the other hand, the document can be used as an overview and
>
>                 guideline by non-IETF Standards Development Organizations (SDOs)
>
>                 planning to use IETF management technologies and data models for the
>
>                 realization of management applications.  The document can also be
>
>                 used to initiate a discussion between the bodies with the goal to
>
>                 gather new requirements and to detect possible gaps.  Finally, this
>
>                 document is directed to all interested parties that seek to get an
>
>                 overview of the current set of the IETF network management protocols
>
>                 such as network administrators or newcomers to the IETF.
>
>               
>
>             You should have something similar.
>
>               
>
>               
>
>             11.
>
>             Section 3.6.1, put the paragraph 2 at the end of the section. The "alternative" in the following sentence would then make sense
>
>                 Alternative protocols for performance measurement are defined, for
>
>                 example, in MPLS-TP OAM ([MPLS-LM-DM  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#ref-MPLS-LM-DM>], [TP-LM-DM  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#ref-TP-LM-DM>]), and in Ethernet
>
>                 OAM [ITU-T-Y1731  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#ref-ITU-T-Y1731>].
>
>               
>
>               
>
>             My conclusions: this document still needs some work
>
>               
>
>             Regards, Benoit
>
>               
>
>                 The IESG has received a request from the Operations and Management Area
>
>                 Working Group WG (opsawg) to consider the following document:
>
>                 - 'An Overview of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)
>
>                     Mechanisms'
>
>                    <draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt> as Informational RFC
>
>                   
>
>                 The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
>
>                 final comments on this action. Please send substantive comments to the
>
>                 ietf@ietf.org  <mailto:ietf@ietf.org>  mailing lists by 2013-01-25. Exceptionally, comments may be
>
>                 sent toiesg@ietf.org  <mailto:iesg@ietf.org>  instead. In either case, please retain the
>
>                 beginning of the Subject line to allow automated sorting.
>
>                   
>
>                 Abstract
>
>                   
>
>                   
>
>                     Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) is a general term
>
>                     that refers to a toolset that can be used for fault detection and
>
>                     isolation, and for performance measurement. OAM mechanisms have been
>
>                     defined for various layers in the protocol stack, and are used with a
>
>                     variety of protocols.
>
>                   
>
>                     This document presents an overview of the OAM mechanisms that have
>
>                     been defined and are currently being defined by the IETF.
>
>                   
>
>                   
>
>                   
>
>                   
>
>                 The file can be obtained via
>
>                 http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/
>
>                   
>
>                 IESG discussion can be tracked via
>
>                 http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/ballot/
>
>                   
>
>                   
>
>                 No IPR declarations have been submitted directly on this I-D.
>
>                   
>
>                   
>
>                   
>


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    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">Hi Tal,<br>
      <br>
      AFAICT, this issue below is the only one left on the draft. The
      draft improved much, thanks.<br>
      Please post a new version with the change, and I'll put it on the
      IESG table.<br>
      <br>
      Regards, Benoit<br>
    </div>
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      <div class="WordSection1">
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Hi
            Tom,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks
            for the prompt response.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">We
            will apply this change in the next draft.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Tal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        </div>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
        <div>
          <div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF
            1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">
                Thomas Nadeau [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:tnadeau@lucidvision.com">mailto:tnadeau@lucidvision.com</a>] <br>
                <b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, January 28, 2014 5:38 PM<br>
                <b>To:</b> Tal Mizrahi<br>
                <b>Cc:</b>
                <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview@tools.ietf.org">draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview@tools.ietf.org</a>;
                <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:opsawg@ietf.org">opsawg@ietf.org</a>; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:opsawg-chairs@tools.ietf.org">opsawg-chairs@tools.ietf.org</a>; Benoit
                Claise; joel jaeggli (<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:joelja@bogus.com">joelja@bogus.com</a>); Scott O.
                Bradner (<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:sob@harvard.edu">sob@harvard.edu</a>)<br>
                <b>Subject:</b> Re: Last Call:
                &lt;draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt&gt; (An
                Overview of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
                (OAM) Mechanisms) to Informational RFC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          </div>
        </div>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
        <div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              </span>The changes look ok except for one&nbsp;minor one:<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              </span>One of the changes in 4.4.2 BFD for MPLS states the
              following:<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="z-index:auto"
              cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td style="background:#FFFF88;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"
                    valign="top">
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="insert"><span
                          style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
                          New&quot;;color:black;background:#88FFFF">The
                          advantage of BFD is that it can</span></span><span
                        style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
                        New&quot;;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </td>
                  <td style="background:white;padding:0in 1.5pt 0in
                    1.5pt" valign="top"><br>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td style="background:white;padding:0in 1.5pt 0in
                    1.5pt" valign="top"><br>
                  </td>
                  <td style="background:#BBFFBB;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"
                    valign="top"><br>
                  </td>
                  <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in" valign="top">
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
                        New&quot;;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                    <br>
                  </td>
                  <td style="background:#FFFF88;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"
                    valign="top">
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="insert"><span
                          style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
                          New&quot;;color:black;background:#88FFFF">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;provide
                          faster failure detection, and scales better to
                          a large number</span></span><span
                        style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
                        New&quot;;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </td>
                  <td style="background:white;padding:0in 1.5pt 0in
                    1.5pt" valign="top"><br>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td style="background:white;padding:0in 1.5pt 0in
                    1.5pt" valign="top"><br>
                  </td>
                  <td style="background:#BBFFBB;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"
                    valign="top"><br>
                  </td>
                  <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in" valign="top">
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                        style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
                        New&quot;;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
                    <br>
                  </td>
                  <td style="background:#FFFF88;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"
                    valign="top">
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="insert"><span
                          style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
                          New&quot;;color:black;background:#88FFFF">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of
                          LSPs</span></span><span
                        style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
                        New&quot;;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
                  </td>
                  <td style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"><br>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              </span>That is a popular misconception. When I at a
              previous gig we were able to actually figure out how to
              make them both perform<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal">equally well for CV operations, but we
              just decided to not implement it that way. I'd suggest
              removing that sentence altogether.<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal">They are two tools with different
              implementations, some more optimal than others.&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
              </span><o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
          </div>
          <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Hi
                  Tom, </span><o:p></o:p></p>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks
                  again for your comments.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">A
                  link to the updated draft:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><a
                    moz-do-not-send="true"
                    href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-13">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-13</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">We
                  believe the current draft addresses all the comments
                  below. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">We
                  have replied to every single comment below (search for
                  [TM]).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Please
                  let us know if you believe something is still amiss.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Tal.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
              <div>
                <div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF
                  1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">
                      Thomas Nadeau [<a moz-do-not-send="true"
                        href="mailto:tnadeau@lucidvision.com">mailto:tnadeau@lucidvision.com</a>]
                      <br>
                      <b>Sent:</b> Monday, January 20, 2014 5:29 PM<br>
                      <b>To:</b> Benoit Claise<br>
                      <b>Cc:</b> <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                        href="mailto:draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview@tools.ietf.org">draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview@tools.ietf.org</a>;
                      <a moz-do-not-send="true"
                        href="mailto:opsawg@ietf.org">opsawg@ietf.org</a>;
                      IETF Disgust<br>
                      <b>Subject:</b> Re: Last Call:
                      &lt;draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt&gt; (An
                      Overview of Operations, Administration, and
                      Maintenance (OAM) Mechanisms) to Informational RFC</span><o:p></o:p></p>
                </div>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                </span>Reviewing the current version of the draft (12),
                many of the comments below are still not addressed.<o:p></o:p></p>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
                  </span>--Tom<o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                  </div>
                  <blockquote
                    style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Here
                        is Tom Nadeau's feedback, forwarded with
                        permission:<br>
                        <br>
                        Regards, Benoit<br>
                        <br>
                        ==============<o:p></o:p></p>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">Some general comments:<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <ol start="1" type="1">
                        <li class="MsoNormal"
                          style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l1
                          level1 lfo3">I did not find any discussion
                          around use of configuration within OAM
                          mechanisms. This is clearly something that is
                          happening in groups like PWE3 and CCAMP. The
                          motivation for this should be explained and
                          documented to at least guide these efforts.<o:p></o:p></li>
                      </ol>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                        style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">[TM]
                              The current draft includes a significantly
                              clearer explanation, up front&nbsp; in the
                              abstract and introduction, that this
                              document focuses on OAM tools, i.e., on
                              the data plane of OAM. That is why, for
                              example we do not discuss configuration
                              contexts such as CCAMP.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">2. There is no real
                          discussion around the security aspects of
                          these tools. Should there be?<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right:.5in"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">[TM]
                                We received a similar comment from other
                                reviewers, as well as the SecDir review
                                in the previous IETF last call. After
                                some discussion between our AD at the
                                time (Ron Bonica) and the Sec AD (Sean
                                Turner), the current phrasing of the
                                "Security Considerations" section was
                                agreed. It is mainly an issue of where
                                you draw the line between which content
                                to include and which content not to
                                include in the draft, and security is
                                currently out of scope. </span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">3. While the document
                          provides a nice taxonomy of various OAM tools,
                          it does not really discuss the techniques for
                          using them. I do not expect anything in
                          detail, but it is not obvious that many of
                          these tools can be orchestrated to form a
                          "toolset" that can be used to do multi-layer
                          OAM functions for services such as carrier
                          Ethernet over VPLS over MPLS, for example.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">[TM]
                                Following your comment, we added quite a
                                bit of text to the introduction to
                                explain this multi-layer orchestration.
                                You can take full credit for the fact
                                that this doll IETF draft now includes
                                an ASCII art figure (Figure 1). :)</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">4. It might be useful to at
                          least mention in the performance metrics
                          section, a discussion around the accuracy of
                          these tools and how it depends on scale,
                          implementation and network configurations.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">[TM]
                                Following your comment we added a note
                                about this in section 4.7.1. See the
                                paragraphs beginning with &#8220;It should be
                                noted that while [OWAMP]&#8230;&#8221;.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">My detailed comments inline
                          starting with TOM:<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">--Tom<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                        #B5C4DF 4.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
0in;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"
                        id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE">
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Expires: July 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Nokia Siemens
                            Networks<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;E.
                            Bellagamba<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Ericsson<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Y.
                            Weingarten<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;January 9,
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; An Overview of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Operations,
                            Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)
                            Mechanisms<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Abstract<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Operations,
                            Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) is a
                            general term<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                        #B5C4DF 4.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
0in;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"
                        id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;that refers to a
                            toolset that can be used for fault detection
                            and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;isolation, and for
                            performance measurement. OAM mechanisms have
                            been<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;defined for various
                            layers in the protocol stack, and are used
                            with a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;variety of protocols.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;This document presents
                            an overview of the OAM mechanisms that have<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;been defined and are
                            currently being defined by the IETF.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Status of this Memo<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;This Internet-Draft is
                            submitted to IETF in full conformance with
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;provisions of BCP 78
                            and BCP 79.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Internet-Drafts are
                            working documents of the Internet
                            Engineering<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Task Force (IETF), its
                            areas, and its working groups. &nbsp;Note that<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;other groups may also
                            distribute working documents as Internet-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Drafts.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Internet-Drafts are
                            draft documents valid for a maximum of six
                            months<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;and may be updated,
                            replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at
                            any<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;time. &nbsp;It is
                            inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as
                            reference<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;material or to cite
                            them other than as "work in progress."<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The list of current
                            Internet-Drafts can be accessed at<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;<a
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt">http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt</a>.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The list of
                            Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be
                            accessed at<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;<a
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html">http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html</a>.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;This Internet-Draft
                            will expire on July 9, 2013.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[Page
                            1]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Copyright Notice<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Copyright (c) 2013
                            IETF Trust and the persons identified as the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;document authors. All
                            rights reserved.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;This document is
                            subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Provisions Relating to
                            IETF Documents<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;(<a
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info">http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info</a>)
                            in effect on the date of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;publication of this
                            document. Please review these documents<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;carefully, as they
                            describe your rights and restrictions with
                            respect<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;to this document. Code
                            Components extracted from this document must<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;include Simplified BSD
                            License text as described in Section 4.e of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the Trust Legal
                            Provisions and are provided without warranty
                            as<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;described in the
                            Simplified BSD License.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Table of Contents<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;1. Introduction
                            .................................................
                            3<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.1. The Building
                            Blocks of OAM ..............................
                            3<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.2. Forwarding
                            Plane vs. Management Plane
                            ................... 4<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.3. The OAM
                            toolsets
                            ........................................ 4<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.4. IETF OAM
                            Documents
                            ...................................... 6<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1.5. Non-IETF OAM
                            Documents .................................
                            10<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;2. Basic Terminology
                            ...........................................
                            12<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2.1. Abbreviations
                            ..........................................
                            12<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2.2. Terminology
                            used in OAM Standards ......................
                            13<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.2.1. General
                            Terms .....................................
                            13<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.2.2. OAM
                            Maintenance Entities
                            .......................... 13<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.2.3. OAM
                            Maintenance Points
                            ............................ 14<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.2.4. Proactive
                            and On-demand activation ................ 15<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.2.5.
                            Connectivity Verification and Continuity
                            Checks ... 15<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2.2.6. Failures
                            ..........................................
                            15<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;3. OAM Tools
                            ...................................................
                            16<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.1. IP Ping and
                            Traceroute .................................
                            16<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.1.1. Ping
                            ..............................................
                            16<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.1.2.
                            Traceroute.........................................
                            16<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.2. Bidirectional
                            Forwarding Detection (BFD) ...............
                            17<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.2.1. Overview
                            ..........................................
                            17<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.2.2. BFD
                            Control
                            ....................................... 17<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.2.3. BFD Echo
                            ..........................................
                            18<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.3. MPLS OAM
                            ...............................................
                            18<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.4. MPLS-TP OAM
                            ............................................
                            19<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.4.1. Overview
                            ..........................................
                            19<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.4.2. Generic
                            Associated Channel ........................
                            19<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.4.3. MPLS-TP
                            OAM Toolset ...............................
                            20<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.4.3.1.
                            Continuity Check and Connectivity
                            Verification 20<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[Page
                            2]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.4.3.2.
                            Route Tracing
                            ................................ 21<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.4.3.3. Lock
                            Instruct ................................ 21<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.4.3.4. Lock
                            Reporting ............................... 21<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.4.3.5.
                            Alarm Reporting
                            .............................. 21<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.4.3.6.
                            Remote Defect Indication
                            ..................... 22<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.4.3.7.
                            Client Failure Indication
                            .................... 22<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.4.3.8.
                            Packet Loss Measurement (LM)
                            ................. 22<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.4.3.9.
                            Packet Delay Measurement (DM)
                            ................ 22<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.5. PWE3 OAM
                            ...............................................
                            23<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.5.1. PWE3 OAM
                            using Virtual Circuit Connectivity
                            Verification<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(VCCV)
                            ...................................................
                            23<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.5.2. PWE3 OAM
                            using G-ACh ..............................
                            24<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.6. OWAMP and
                            TWAMP.........................................
                            24<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.6.1. Overview
                            ..........................................
                            24<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.6.2. Control
                            and Test Protocols ........................
                            24<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.6.3. OWAMP
                            .............................................
                            25<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3.6.4. TWAMP
                            .............................................
                            26<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3.7. Summary of OAM
                            Functions ............................... 26<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;4. Security
                            Considerations
                            ..................................... 27<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;5. IANA Considerations
                            ......................................... 27<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;6. Acknowledgments
                            .............................................
                            27<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;7. References
                            ..................................................
                            28<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7.1. Normative
                            References
                            ................................... 28<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 7.2. Informative
                            References .................................
                            31<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">1. Introduction<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OAM is a general term
                            that refers to a toolset for detecting,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;isolating and
                            reporting connection failures and
                            performance<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;degradation.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                        #B5C4DF 4.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
0in;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"
                        id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;This document
                            summarizes the OAM tools and mechanisms
                            defined in the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;IETF.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The term OAM in this
                            document refers to Operations,
                            Administration<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;and Maintenance
                            [OAM-Def], focusing on the forwarding plane
                            of OAM.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Hence, management
                            aspects are outside the scope of this
                            document.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">TOM: This is a curious
                          sentence to me since to me, OAM is management,
                          or a subset of it. &nbsp; Also, if you look at the
                          referenced documents, there are many indirect
                          references to MIBs, Netconf, etc&#8230; making this
                          sentence further confusing. It might be
                          helpful to explain more clearly that the
                          authors here intended to not cover those
                          things explicitly rather than grouping them
                          arbitrarily under the definition of
                          "management aspects" &nbsp;Further, to clarify, it
                          might be useful to expand on what "forwarding
                          plane" is here just to be clear. &nbsp; That is, is
                          this "in band" or "out-of band" or both? Some
                          of the tools referred to here also are part of
                          the control AND data planes.&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">[TM]
                                We significantly improved the
                                distinction between the different
                                planes: data plane, control plane,
                                management plane. We added a definition
                                of each of the terms, and we now
                                explicitly explain that the draft
                                focuses on the data plane. We also
                                explain in the current draft that we
                                adopt the OAM acronym as recommended in
                                RFC 6291: Operations, Administration and
                                Maintenance (without Management...).
                                Please let us know if you think
                                something is still missing here.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                        #B5C4DF 4.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
0in;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"
                        id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">1.1. The Building Blocks
                            of OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;An OAM protocol is run
                            in the context of a Maintenance Domain,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;consisting of two or
                            more nodes that run the OAM protocol,
                            referred<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;to as Maintenance
                            Points (MP).<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;This subsection
                            provides a brief summary of the common tools
                            used by<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OAM protocols. An OAM
                            protocol typically supports one or more of
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;tools described below.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[Page
                            3]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Continuity Checking
                            (CC):<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Used for verifying
                            the liveness of a connection between two
                            MPs.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Connectivity
                            Verification (CV):<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Allows an MP to
                            check whether it is connected to a peer MP,
                            and to<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; verify that
                            messages from the peer MP are received
                            through the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; expected path.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Path Discovery /
                            Fault Localization:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; An MP uses this
                            mechanism to trace the route to a peer MP,
                            i.e.,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; to identify the
                            nodes along the path to the peer MP. When a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; connection fails,
                            this mechanism also allows the MP to detect
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; location of the
                            failure.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">TOM: The definition calls
                          this "path discovery" but then talks about
                          tracing routes. A better way of describing
                          this in the paragraph would be that there I a
                          use of path tracing in order to discover (or
                          re-discover) paths that have been changed,
                          created or destroyed. &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">[TM]
                                We rephrased this paragraph, and
                                hopefully it is clearer and more
                                accurate now.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                        #B5C4DF 4.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
0in;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"
                        id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Performance
                            Monitoring:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Consists of 3 main
                            functions<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; o Loss
                            Measurement (LM) - monitors the packet loss
                            rate of a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; connection.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; o Delay
                            Measurement (DM) - monitors the delay and
                            delay<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; variation
                            between MPs.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; o Throughput
                            measurement - monitors the throughput of a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; connection.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">TOM: Along with the
                          discussion above around path trace/discovery,
                          it is imperative that paths be discovered (one
                          way or another) in order to successfully d
                          performance monitoring on those paths.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">[TM]
                                True. However this section presents a
                                short list of typical OAM functions, and
                                we would rather stick with succinct
                                descriptions in this section. </span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">&nbsp;</span><o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                        #B5C4DF 4.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
0in;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"
                        id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">1.2. Forwarding Plane vs.
                            Management Plane<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;While the OAM tools
                            may, and quite often do, work in conjunction
                            with<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;a control-plane or
                            management plane, they are usually defined
                            to be<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;independent of the
                            control-plane. &nbsp;The OAM tools communicate
                            with the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;management plane to
                            raise alarms, and often the on-demand tools
                            may<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;be activated by the
                            management, e.g. to locate and localize
                            problems.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The considerations of
                            the control-plane maintenance tools or the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;functionality of the
                            management-plane are out of scope for this<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;document, which will
                            concentrate on presenting the
                            forwarding-plane<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;tools that are used
                            for OAM.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">TOM: What about the data
                          plane? For example, the GACH OAM type is such
                          an example. VCCV also operates within the data
                          plane after its configuration capabilities
                          have been signaled. &nbsp;It should also be
                          mentioned that it is imperative that when
                          required, OAM tools are capable of testing the
                          actual data plane in as much accuracy as
                          possible, but that they all should note how
                          accurate. &nbsp; Not all OAM tools are created
                          equal.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">[TM]
                                We rephrased this subsection, and now
                                have a much clearer definition of each
                                plane in &#8220;2.2.4. Data Plane, Control
                                Plane and Management Plane&#8221;. We also
                                added specific text about the importance
                                of fate-sharing (see section 1.4), which
                                addresses the second part of your
                                comment.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                        #B5C4DF 4.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
0in;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"
                        id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">1.3. The OAM toolsets<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;This memo provides an
                            overview of the different sets of OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;mechanisms defined by
                            the IETF. It is intended for those with
                            little<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;or no familiarity with
                            the described mechanisms. The set of OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;mechanisms described
                            in this memo are applicable to IP unicast,
                            MPLS,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;pseudowires, and MPLS
                            for the transport environment (MPLS-TP).
                            While<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OAM mechanisms that
                            are applicable to other technologies exist,
                            they<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[Page
                            4]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;are beyond the scope
                            of this memo. This document focuses on IETF<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;documents that have
                            been published as RFCs, while other ongoing
                            OAM-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;related work is
                            outside the scope.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The IETF has defined
                            OAM protocols and mechanisms in several<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;different fronts:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o IP Ping and
                            Traceroute:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ping is a very
                            simple and common application for failure
                            diagnosis<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">TOM: I am not sure the term
                          "common" is necessary.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">[TM]
                                Removed.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                        #B5C4DF 4.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
0in;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"
                        id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; that uses ICMP Echo
                            requests, as defined in [ICMPv4], and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [ICMPv6].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Traceroute
                            ([TCPIP-Tools], [NetTools]) is an
                            application that<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; allows users to
                            trace the path between an IP source and an
                            IP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; destination, i.e.,
                            to identify the nodes along the path.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o BFD:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Bidirectional
                            Forwarding Detection (BFD) is defined in
                            [BFD] as a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; framework for a
                            lightweight generic OAM mechanism. &nbsp;The
                            intention<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; is to define a base
                            mechanism that can be used with various<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encapsulation
                            types, network environments, and in various
                            medium<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; types.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o MPLS OAM:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; MPLS LSP Ping, as
                            defined in [MPLS-OAM], [MPLS-OAM-FW] and
                            [LSP-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ping], is an OAM
                            mechanism for point to point MPLS LSPs. It<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; includes two main
                            functions: Ping and Traceroute.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o MPLS-TP OAM:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; MPLS-TP OAM is
                            defined in a set of RFCs. The OAM
                            requirements for<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; MPLS Transport
                            Profile (MPLS-TP) are defined in
                            [MPLS-TP-OAM].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Each of the tools
                            in the OAM toolset is defined in its own
                            RFC, as<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; specified in
                            Section 1.4.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o PWE3 OAM:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The PWE3 OAM
                            architecture defines control channels that
                            support<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; the use of existing
                            IETF OAM tools to be used for a pseudowire<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (PW). &nbsp;The control
                            channels that are defined in [VCCV] and
                            [PW-G-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ACH] may be used in
                            conjunction with ICMP Ping, LSP Ping, and
                            BFD<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; to perform CC and
                            CV functionality. &nbsp;In addition the channels<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; support use of any
                            of the MPLS-TP based OAM tools for
                            completing<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; their respective
                            OAM functionality for a PW.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o OWAMP and TWAMP:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The One Way Active
                            Measurement Protocol (OWAMP) and the Two Way<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Active Measurement
                            Protocols (TWAMP) are two protocols defined
                            in<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; the IP Performance
                            Metrics (IPPM) working group in the IETF.
                            These<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; protocols allow
                            delay and packet loss measurement in IP
                            networks.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[Page
                            5]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;This document
                            summarizes the OAM mechanisms defined by the
                            IETF. We<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;first present a
                            comparison of the terminology used in
                            various OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;standards, and then
                            summarize the OAM functions that each OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;standard provides.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">1.4. IETF OAM Documents<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Table 1 summarizes the
                            IETF OAM related RFCs discussed in this<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;document.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The table includes a
                            "Type" column, specifying the nature of each
                            of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the listed documents:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Tool: documents that
                            define an OAM tool or mechanism.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Prof.: documents
                            that define a profile or a variant for an
                            OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; tool that is
                            defined in other documents.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Inf.: documents that
                            define an infrastructure that is used by OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; tools.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Misc.: other OAM
                            related documents, e.g., OAM requirement and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; framework
                            documents.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Title &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|Type | RFC &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|IP Ping and| Internet
                            Control Message Protocol &nbsp; &nbsp;|Tool | RFC 792
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|Traceroute | [ICMPv4]
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Internet
                            Control Message Protocol &nbsp; &nbsp;|Tool | RFC 4443
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | (ICMPv6)
                            for the Internet Protocol &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Version
                            6 (IPv6) Specification &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | [ICMPv6]
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | A Primer
                            On Internet and TCP/IP &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|Tool | RFC 2151
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Tools
                            and Utilities [TCPIP-Tools] &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | FYI on a
                            Network Management Tool &nbsp; &nbsp; |Tool | RFC 1147
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Catalog:
                            Tools for Monitoring and &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Debugging TCP/IP Internets and &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Interconnected Devices [NetTools] &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Extended
                            ICMP to Support Multi-Part &nbsp;|Tool | RFC 4884
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[Page
                            6]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Messages
                            [ICMP-MP] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | ICMP
                            Extensions for Multiprotocol &nbsp; &nbsp;|Tool | RFC
                            4950 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Label
                            Switching [ICMP-Ext] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Extending ICMP for Interface and &nbsp; &nbsp; |Tool |
                            RFC 5837 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Next-Hop
                            Identification [ICMP-Int] &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|BFD &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|
                            Bidirectional Forwarding Detection &nbsp; |Tool |
                            RFC 5880 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | [BFD] &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Bidirectional Forwarding Detection &nbsp; |Prof.|
                            RFC 5881 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | (BFD)
                            for IPv4 and IPv6 (Single Hop) | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | [BFD-IP]
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Generic
                            Application of Bidirectional |Misc.| RFC
                            5882 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Forwarding Detection [BFD-Gen] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Bidirectional Forwarding Detection &nbsp; |Prof.|
                            RFC 5883 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | (BFD)
                            for Multihop Paths [BFD-Multi] | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Bidirectional Forwarding Detection &nbsp; |Prof.|
                            RFC 5884 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | for MPLS
                            Label Switched Paths (LSPs) | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [BFD-LSP] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Bidirectional Forwarding Detection &nbsp; |Prof.|
                            RFC 5885 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | for the
                            Pseudowire Virtual Circuit &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Connectivity Verification (VCCV) &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [BFD-VCCV] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|MPLS OAM &nbsp; |
                            Operations and Management (OAM) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|Misc.|
                            RFC 4377 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Requirements for Multi-Protocol Label| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Switched
                            (MPLS) Networks [MPLS-OAM] &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | A
                            Framework for Multi-Protocol &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |Misc.|
                            RFC 4378 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Label
                            Switching (MPLS) Operations &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | and
                            Management (OAM) [MPLS-OAM-FW] &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Detecting Multi-Protocol Label &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |Tool |
                            RFC 4379 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Switched
                            (MPLS) Data Plane Failures &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [LSP-Ping] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[Page
                            7]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Operations and Management (OAM) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|Misc.|
                            RFC 4687 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Requirements for Point-to-Multipoint | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | MPLS
                            Networks [MPLS-P2MP] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|MPLS-TP &nbsp; &nbsp;|
                            Requirements for OAM in MPLS-TP &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|Misc.|
                            RFC 5860 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|OAM &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|
                            [MPLS-TP-OAM] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | MPLS
                            Generic Associated Channel &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|Inf. | RFC
                            5586 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | [G-ACh]
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | MPLS-TP
                            OAM Framework &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|Misc.| RFC
                            6371 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [TP-OAM-FW] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Proactive Connectivity Verification, |Tool |
                            RFC 6428 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Continuity Check, and Remote Defect &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Indication for the MPLS Transport &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Profile
                            [TP-CC-CV] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | MPLS
                            On-Demand Connectivity &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|Tool | RFC
                            6426 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Verification and Route Tracing &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [OnDemand-CV] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | MPLS
                            Fault Management Operations, &nbsp; &nbsp;|Tool | RFC
                            6427 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [TP-Fault] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | MPLS
                            Transport Profile Lock Instruct |Tool | RFC
                            6435 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | and
                            Loopback Functions [Lock-Loop] &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Packet
                            Loss and Delay Measurement for|Tool | RFC
                            6374 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | MPLS
                            Networks [MPLS-LM-DM] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | A Packet
                            Loss and Delay Measurement &nbsp;|Prof.| RFC 6375
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Profile
                            for MPLS-Based Transport &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Networks
                            [TP-LM-DM] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|PWE3 OAM &nbsp; |
                            Pseudowire Virtual Circuit &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |Inf. |
                            RFC 5085 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Connectivity Verification (VCCV): &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | A
                            Control Channel for Pseudowires &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | [VCCV] &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[Page
                            8]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Bidirectional Forwarding Detection &nbsp; |Prof.|
                            RFC 5885 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | for the
                            Pseudowire Virtual Circuit &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Connectivity Verification (VCCV) &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [BFD-VCCV] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Using
                            the Generic Associated Channel |Inf. | RFC
                            6423 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Label
                            for Pseudowire in the MPLS &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [PW-G-ACh] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Pseudowire (PW) Operations, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|Misc.|
                            RFC 6310 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Message
                            Mapping [PW-Map] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|OWAMP and &nbsp;| A
                            One-way Active Measurement Protocol|Tool |
                            RFC 4656 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|TWAMP &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| [OWAMP]
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | A
                            Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol|Tool |
                            RFC 5357 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | [TWAMP]
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Framework for IP Performance Metrics |Misc.|
                            RFC 2330 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [IPPM-FW] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | IPPM
                            Metrics for Measuring &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |Misc.| RFC
                            2678 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Connectivity [IPPM-Con] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | A
                            One-way Delay Metric for IPPM &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|Misc.|
                            RFC 2679 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [IPPM-1DM] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | A
                            One-way Packet Loss Metric for IPPM|Misc.|
                            RFC 2680 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [IPPM-1LM] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | A
                            Round-trip Delay Metric for IPPM &nbsp; |Misc.|
                            RFC 2681 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [IPPM-2DM] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+-----+----------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Table 1
                            Summary of IETF OAM Related RFCs<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;[Page
                            9]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">1.5. Non-IETF OAM
                            Documents<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;In addition to the OAM
                            mechanisms defined by the IETF, the IEEE and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;ITU-T have also
                            defined various OAM mechanisms that focus on<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Ethernet, and various
                            other transport network environments. These<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;various mechanisms,
                            defined by the three standard organizations,
                            are<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;often tightly coupled,
                            and have had a mutual effect on each other.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The ITU-T and IETF
                            have both defined OAM mechanisms for MPLS
                            LSPs,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[ITU-T-Y1711] and
                            [LSP-Ping]. The following OAM standards by
                            the IEEE<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;and ITU-T are to some
                            extent linked to IETF OAM mechanisms listed<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;above and are
                            mentioned here only as reference material:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o OAM mechanisms for
                            Ethernet based networks have been defined by<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; both the ITU-T in
                            [ITU-T-Y1731], and by the IEEE in
                            [IEEE802.1ag].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; The IEEE 802.3
                            standard defines OAM for one-hop Ethernet
                            links<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [IEEE802.3ah].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o The ITU-T has
                            defined OAM for MPLS LSPs in [ITU-T-Y1711],
                            and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; MPLS-TP OAM in
                            [ITU-G8113.1] and [ITU-G8113.2].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Table 2 summarizes the
                            OAM standards mentioned in this document.
                            This<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;document focuses on
                            IETF OAM standards, but these non-IETF
                            standards<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;are referenced where
                            relevant.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Title &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|Standard/Draft
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|ITU-T &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|
                            Operation &amp; Maintenance mechanism &nbsp; &nbsp;|
                            ITU-T Y.1711 &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|MPLS OAM &nbsp; | for MPLS
                            networks [ITU-T-Y1711] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+---------------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Assignment of the 'OAM Alert Label' &nbsp;| RFC
                            3429 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | for
                            Multiprotocol Label Switching &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Architecture (MPLS) Operation and &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Maintenance (OAM) Functions &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [OAM-Label] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;Note:
                            although this is an IETF &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp;document, it is listed as one of the| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp;non-IETF OAM standards, since it &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;was
                            defined as a complementary part | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;of
                            ITU-T Y.1711. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|ITU-T &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|
                            Operations, administration and &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |ITU-T
                            G.8113.2 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|MPLS-TP OAM|
                            Maintenance mechanisms for MPLS-TP &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            10]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | networks
                            using the tools defined for | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | MPLS
                            [ITU-G8113.2] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;Note:
                            this document describes the &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;OAM
                            toolset defined by the IETF for | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp;MPLS-TP, whereas ITU-T G.8113.1 &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp;describes the OAM toolset defined &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;by the
                            ITU-T. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+---------------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Operations, Administration and &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |ITU-T
                            G.8113.1 |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Maintenance mechanism for MPLS-TP in | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Packet
                            Transport Network (PTN) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            +--------------------------------------+---------------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Allocation of a Generic Associated &nbsp; | RFC
                            6671 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Channel
                            Type for ITU-T MPLS Transport| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Profile
                            Operation, Maintenance, and &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Administration (MPLS-TP OAM) &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            [ITU-T-CT] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;Note:
                            although this is an IETF &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp;document, it is listed as one of the| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp;non-IETF OAM standards, since it &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;was
                            defined as a complementary part | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;of
                            ITU-T G.8113.1. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|ITU-T &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| OAM
                            Functions and Mechanisms for &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |[ITU-T-Y1731] &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|Ethernet &nbsp; |
                            Ethernet-based Networks &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|OAM &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|IEEE &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Connectivity Fault Management &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| IEEE
                            802.1ag &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|CFM &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|
                            [IEEE802.1ag] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;Note:
                            CFM was originally published &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;as IEEE
                            802.1ag, but is now &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp;incorporated in the 802.1Q standard.| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|IEEE &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | Media
                            Access Control Parameters, &nbsp; &nbsp; | IEEE
                            802.3ah &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|802.3 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| Physical
                            Layers, and Management &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|link level |
                            Parameters for Subscriber Access &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|OAM &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| Networks
                            [IEEE802.3ah] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            11]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;Note:
                            link level OAM was originally | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp;defined
                            in IEEE 802.3ah, and is now | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp;incorporated in the 802.3 standard. | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+--------------------------------------+---------------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Table 2 Non-IETF
                            OAM Standards Mentioned in this Document<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">2. Basic Terminology<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">2.1. Abbreviations<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;ACH &nbsp; &nbsp;Associated
                            Channel Header<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;AIS &nbsp; &nbsp;Alarm
                            Indication Signal<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;BFD &nbsp; &nbsp;Bidirectional
                            Forwarding Detection<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;CC &nbsp; &nbsp; Continuity
                            Check<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;CV &nbsp; &nbsp; Connectivity
                            Verification<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;DM &nbsp; &nbsp; Delay
                            Measurement<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;FEC &nbsp; &nbsp;Forwarding
                            Equivalence Class<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;GAL &nbsp; &nbsp;Generic
                            Associated Label<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;ICMP &nbsp; Internet
                            Control Message Protocol<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;LDP &nbsp; &nbsp;Label
                            Distribution Protocol<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;LM &nbsp; &nbsp; Loss
                            Measurement<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;LSP &nbsp; &nbsp;Label Switched
                            Path<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;ME &nbsp; &nbsp; Maintenance
                            Entity<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;MEG &nbsp; &nbsp;Maintenance
                            Entity Group<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;MEP &nbsp; &nbsp;MEG End Point<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;MIP &nbsp; &nbsp;MEG
                            Intermediate Point<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;MP &nbsp; &nbsp; Maintenance
                            Point<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;MPLS &nbsp; Multiprotocol
                            Label Switching<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            12]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;MPLS-TP MPLS Transport
                            Profile<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;MTU &nbsp; &nbsp;Maximum
                            Transmission Unit<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OAM &nbsp; &nbsp;Operations,
                            Administration, and Maintenance<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;PW &nbsp; &nbsp; Pseudowire<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;PWE3 &nbsp; Pseudowire
                            Emulation Edge-to-Edge<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;RDI &nbsp; &nbsp;Remote Defect
                            Indication<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;TTL &nbsp; &nbsp;Time To Live<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;VCCV &nbsp; Virtual Circuit
                            Connectivity Verification<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">TOM: Why is this section
                          not at the top of this document, as is
                          customary for RFCs? &nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">[TM]
                                The introduction is now significantly
                                shorter than it was when you sent this
                                comment, which means that the
                                terminology section is now much closer
                                to the beginning of the document.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                        #B5C4DF 4.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
0in;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"
                        id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">2.2. Terminology used in
                            OAM Standards<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">2.2.1. General Terms<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;A wide variety of
                            terms is used in various OAM standards. Each
                            of the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OAM standards listed
                            in the reference section includes a section
                            that<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;defines terms relevant
                            to that tool. A thesaurus of terminology for<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;MPLS-TP terms is
                            presented in [TP-Term], and provides a good
                            summary<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;of some of the OAM
                            related terminology.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;This section presents
                            a comparison of the terms used in various
                            OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;standards, without
                            fully quoting the definition of each term.
                            For a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;formal definition of
                            each term, refer to the references at the
                            end of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;this document.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">2.2.2. OAM Maintenance
                            Entities<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OAM tools are designed
                            to monitor and manage a Maintenance Entity<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;(ME). &nbsp;An ME, as
                            defined in [TP-OAM-FW], defines a
                            relationship<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;between two points of
                            a transport path to which maintenance and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;monitoring operations
                            apply.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The following related
                            terms are also quoted from [TP-OAM-FW]:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o MEP: The two points
                            that define a maintenance entity.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o MEG: The collection
                            of one or more MEs that belongs to the same<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; transport path and
                            that are maintained and monitored as a group<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; are known as a
                            Maintenance Entity Group (MEG).<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            13]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o MIP: In between
                            MEPs, there are zero or more intermediate
                            points,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; called Maintenance
                            Entity Group Intermediate Points (MIPs).<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;A pair of MEPs engaged
                            in an ME are connected by a communication<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;link, which may be one
                            of several types of connection, e.g. a
                            single<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;physical connection, a
                            set of physical connections, or a virtual
                            link<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;such as an MPLS LSP.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The term Maintenance
                            Entity (ME) is used in ITU-T Recommendations<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;(e.g. [ITU-T-Y1731]),
                            as well as in the MPLS-TP terminology
                            ([TP-OAM-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;FW]). Various terms
                            are used to refer to an ME. For example, BFD
                            does<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;not explicitly use a
                            term that is equivalent to ME, but rather
                            uses<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the term "session",
                            referring to the relationship between two
                            nodes<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;using a BFD protocol.
                            The MPLS LSP Ping ([LSP-Ping]) terminology<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;simply uses the term
                            "LSP" in this context.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;MPLS-TP has defined
                            the terms ME and Maintenance Entity Group
                            (MEG)<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;in [TP-OAM-FW],
                            similar to the terms defined by ITU-T. &nbsp;A
                            MEG allows<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the monitoring of a
                            compound set of MEs, for example when
                            monitoring<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;a p2mp MEG that is
                            considered to be the set of MEs between the
                            root<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;and each individual
                            destination MEP.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">2.2.3. OAM Maintenance
                            Points<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;A Maintenance Point
                            (MP) is a functional entity that is defined
                            at a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;node in the network,
                            and either initiates or reacts to OAM
                            messages.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;A Maintenance End
                            Point (MEP) is one of the end points of an
                            ME, and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;can initiate OAM
                            messages and respond to them. A Maintenance<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Intermediate Point
                            (MIP) is an intermediate point between two
                            MEPs,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;that does not
                            generally initiate OAM frames (one exception
                            to this is<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the use of AIS
                            notifications), but is able to respond to
                            OAM frames<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;that are destined to
                            it. A MIP in MPLS-TP identifies OAM packets<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;destined to it by the
                            value of the TTL field in the OAM packet.
                            The<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;term Maintenance Point
                            is a general term for MEPs and MIPs.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The 802.1ag defines a
                            finer distinction between Up MPs and Down
                            MPs.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;An MP is a bridge
                            interface, that is monitored by an OAM
                            protocol<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;either in the
                            direction facing the network, or in the
                            direction<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;facing the bridge. A
                            Down MP is an MP that receives OAM packets
                            from,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;and transmits them to
                            the direction of the network. An Up MP
                            receives<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OAM packets from, and
                            transmits them to the direction of the
                            bridging<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;entity.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;MPLS-TP ([TP-OAM-FW])
                            uses a similar distinction on the placement
                            of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the MP - either at the
                            ingress, egress, or forwarding function of
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;node (Down / Up MPs).
                            &nbsp;This placement is important for
                            localization<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;of a connection
                            failure.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            14]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">2.2.4. Proactive and
                            On-demand activation<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The different OAM
                            tools may be used in one of two basic types
                            of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;activation:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Proactive activation
                            - indicates that the tool is activated on a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; continual basis
                            periodically, where messages are sent
                            between the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; two MEPs, and
                            errors are detected when a certain number of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; expected messages
                            are not received.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o On-demand activation
                            - indicates that the tool is activated<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; "manually" to
                            detect a specific anomaly. &nbsp;In this
                            activation a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; small number of OAM
                            messages are sent by a MEP and the reply<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; message is
                            received.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">2.2.5. Connectivity
                            Verification and Continuity Checks<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Two distinct classes
                            of failure management functions are used in
                            OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;protocols,
                            connectivity verification and continuity
                            checks. The<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;distinction between
                            these terms is defined in [MPLS-TP-OAM], and
                            is<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;used similarly in this
                            document.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Continuity checks are
                            used to verify the liveness of a connection
                            or<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;a path between two
                            MPs, and are typically sent proactively,
                            though<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;they can be invoked
                            on-demand as well.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;A connectivity
                            verification function allows an MP to check
                            whether it<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;is connected to a peer
                            MP or not. This function also allows the MP
                            to<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;verify that messages
                            from the peer MP are received through the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;correct path, thereby
                            verifying not only that the two MPs are<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;connected, but also
                            that they are connected through the expected<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;path. This allows
                            detection of unexpected topology changes. A<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;connectivity
                            verification (CV) protocol typically uses a
                            CV message,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;followed by a CV reply
                            that is sent back to the originator. A CV<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;function can be
                            applied proactively or on-demand.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Connectivity
                            verification and continuity checks are
                            considered<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;complementary
                            mechanisms, and are often used in
                            conjunction with each<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;other.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">2.2.6. Failures<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The terms Failure,
                            Fault, and Defect are used interchangeably
                            in the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;standards, referring
                            to a malfunction that can be detected by a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;connectivity or a
                            continuity check. In some standards, such as<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[IEEE802.1ag], there
                            is no distinction between these terms, while
                            in<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            15]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;other standards each
                            of these terms refers to a different type of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;malfunction.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The terminology used
                            in IETF MPLS-TP OAM takes after the ITU-T,
                            which<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;distinguishes between
                            these terms in [ITU-T-G.806]; The term Fault<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;refers to an inability
                            to perform a required action, e.g., an<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;unsuccessful attempt
                            to deliver a packet. The term Defect refers
                            to<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;an interruption in the
                            normal operation, such as a consecutive
                            period<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;of time where no
                            packets are delivered successfully. The term
                            Failure<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;refers to the
                            termination of the required function. While
                            a Defect<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;typically refers to a
                            limited period of time, a failure refers to
                            a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;long period of time.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3. OAM Tools<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.1. IP Ping and
                            Traceroute<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.1.1. Ping<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Ping is a common
                            network diagnosis application for IP
                            networks that<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;uses ICMP. The ICMP
                            Echo request/reply exchange is a
                            connectivity<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;verification function
                            for the Internet Protocol. The originator<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;transmits an ICMP Echo
                            request packet, and the receiver replies
                            with<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;an Echo reply. ICMP
                            ping is defined in two variants, [ICMPv4] is
                            used<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;for IPv4, and [ICMPv6]
                            is used for IPv6.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.1.2. Traceroute<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Traceroute
                            ([TCPIP-Tools], [NetTools]) is an
                            application that allows<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;users to discover the
                            path between an IP source and an IP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;destination.
                            Traceroute sends a sequence of UDP packets
                            to UDP port<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;33434 at the
                            destination. By default, Traceroute begins
                            by sending<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;three packets (the
                            number of packets is configurable in most<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Traceroute
                            implementations), each with an IP
                            Time-To-Live (TTL) value<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;of one to the
                            destination. These packets expire as soon as
                            they reach<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the first router in
                            the path. That router responds by sending
                            three<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;ICMP Time Exceeded
                            Messages to the Traceroute application.
                            Traceroute<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;now sends another
                            three UDP packets, each with the TTL value
                            of 2.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;These messages cause
                            the second router to return ICMP messages.
                            This<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;process continues,
                            with ever increasing values for the TTL
                            field,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;until the packets
                            actually reach the destination. Because no<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;application listens to
                            port 33434 at the destination, the
                            destination<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;returns ICMP
                            Destination Unreachable Messages indicating
                            an<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;unreachable port. This
                            event indicates to the Traceroute
                            application<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;that it is finished.
                            &nbsp;The Traceroute program displays the
                            round-trip<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;delay associated with
                            each of the attempts.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            16]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Note that IP routing
                            may be asymmetric. While Traceroute reveals
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;path between a source
                            and destination, it may not reveal the
                            reverse<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;path.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;A few ICMP extensions
                            ([ICMP-Ext], [ICMP-MP], [ICMP-Int]) have
                            been<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;defined in the context
                            of Traceroute. These extensions augment the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;ICMP Destination
                            Unreachable message, and can be used by
                            Traceroute<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;applications.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.2. Bidirectional
                            Forwarding Detection (BFD)<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.2.1. Overview<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;While multiple OAM
                            mechanisms have been defined for various
                            protocols<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;in the protocol stack,
                            Bidirectional Forwarding Detection [BFD],<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;defined by the IETF
                            BFD working group, is a generic OAM
                            mechanism<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;that can be deployed
                            over various encapsulating protocols, and in<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;various medium types.
                            The IETF has defined variants of the
                            protocol<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;for IP ([BFD-IP],
                            [BFD-Multi]), for MPLS LSPs [BFD-LSP], and
                            for PWE3<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[BFD-VCCV]. The usage
                            of BFD in MPLS-TP is defined in [MPLS-TP-CC-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;CV].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;BFD includes two main
                            OAM functions, using two types of BFD
                            packets:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;BFD Control packets,
                            and BFD Echo packets.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.2.2. BFD Control<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;BFD supports a
                            bidirectional continuity check, using BFD
                            control<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;packets, that are
                            exchanged within a BFD session. BFD sessions<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;operate in one of two
                            modes:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Asynchronous mode
                            (i.e. proactive): in this mode BFD control<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; packets are sent
                            periodically. When the receiver detects that
                            no<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; BFD control packet
                            have been received during a predetermined<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; period of time, a
                            failure is detected.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Demand mode: in this
                            mode, BFD control packets are sent
                            on-demand.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Upon need, a system
                            initiates a series of BFD control packets to<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; verify the liveness
                            of the session. BFD control packets are sent<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; independently in
                            each direction.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Each of the end-points
                            of the monitored path maintains its own<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;session
                            identification, called a Discriminator, both
                            of which are<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;included in the BFD
                            Control Packets that are exchanged between
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;end-points. &nbsp;At the
                            time of session establishment, the
                            Discriminators<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;are exchanged between
                            the two-end points. &nbsp;In addition, the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;transmission (and
                            reception) rate is negotiated between the
                            two end-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            17]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;points, based on
                            information included in the control packets.
                            &nbsp;These<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;transmission rates may
                            be renegotiated during the session.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;During normal
                            operation of the session, i.e. no failures
                            are<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;detected, the BFD
                            session is in the Up state. &nbsp;If no BFD
                            Control<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;packets are received
                            during a fixed period of time, called the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">TOM: Fixed, pre-configured
                          or negotiated period of time (i.e.: BFD
                          interval)<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">[TM]
                                We rephrased this sentence.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                        #B5C4DF 4.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
0in;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"
                        id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Detection Time, the
                            session is declared to be Down. The
                            detection<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;time is a function of
                            the negotiated transmission time, and a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;parameter called
                            Detect Mult. Detect Mult determines the
                            number of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;missing BFD Control
                            packets that cause the session to be
                            declared as<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Down. This parameter
                            is included in the BFD Control packet.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.2.3. BFD Echo<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;A BFD echo packet is
                            sent to a peer system, and is looped back to
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;originator. The echo
                            function can be used proactively, or
                            on-demand.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The BFD echo function
                            has been defined in BFD for IPv4 and IPv6<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;([BFD-IP]), but is not
                            used in BFD for MPLS LSPs, PWs, or in BFD
                            for<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;MPLS-TP.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.3. MPLS OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The IETF MPLS working
                            group has defined OAM for MPLS LSPs. The<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;requirements and
                            framework of this effort are defined in
                            [MPLS-OAM-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;FW] and [MPLS-OAM],
                            respectively. The corresponding OAM
                            mechanism<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;defined, in this
                            context, is LSP Ping [LSP-Ping].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;LSP Ping is based on
                            ICMP Ping and just like its predecessor may
                            be<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;used in one of two
                            modes:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o "Ping" mode: In this
                            mode LSP ping is used for end-to-end<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; connectivity
                            verification between two LERs.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o "Traceroute" mode:
                            This mode is used for hop-by-hop fault<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; isolation.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;LSP Ping extends the
                            basic ICMP Ping operation (of data-plane<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;connectivity
                            verification) with functionality to verify
                            data-plane<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;vs. control-plane
                            consistency for a Forwarding Equivalence
                            Class<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;(FEC) and also Maximum
                            Transmission Unit (MTU) problems. The<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;traceroute
                            functionality may be used to isolate and
                            localize the MPLS<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;faults, using the
                            Time-to-live (TTL) indicator to
                            incrementally<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;identify the sub-path
                            of the LSP that is successfully traversed<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;before the faulty link
                            or node.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            18]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;It should be noted
                            that LSP Ping supports unique identification
                            of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the LSP within an
                            addressing domain. The identification is
                            checked<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;using the full FEC
                            identification. LSP Ping is easily
                            extensible to<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;include additional
                            information needed to support new
                            functionality,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;by use of
                            Type-Length-Value (TLV) constructs. The
                            usage of TLVs is<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;typically not easy to
                            perform in hardware, and is thus typically<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;handled by the control
                            plane.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;LSP Ping supports both
                            asynchronous, as well as, on-demand<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;activation.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.4. MPLS-TP OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.4.1. Overview<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The MPLS working group
                            is currently working on defining the OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;toolset that fulfills
                            the requirements for MPLS-TP OAM. The full
                            set<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;of requirements for
                            MPLS-TP OAM are defined in [MPLS-TP-OAM],
                            and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;include both general
                            requirements for the behavior of the OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;mechanisms and a set
                            of operations that should be supported by
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OAM toolset. &nbsp;The set
                            of mechanisms required are further
                            elaborated<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;in [TP-OAM-FW], which
                            describes the general architecture of the
                            OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;system as well as
                            giving overviews of the functionality of the
                            OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;toolset.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Some of the basic
                            requirements for the OAM toolset for MPLS-TP
                            are:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o MPLS-TP OAM must be
                            able to support both an IP based and non-IP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; based environment.
                            If the network is IP based, i.e. IP routing
                            and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; forwarding are
                            available, then the MPLS-TP OAM toolset
                            should rely<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; on the IP routing
                            and forwarding capabilities. On the other
                            hand,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; in environments
                            where IP functionality is not available, the
                            OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; tools must still be
                            able to operate without dependence on IP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; forwarding and
                            routing.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o OAM packets and the
                            user traffic are required to be congruent<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (i.e. OAM packets
                            are transmitted in-band) and there is a need
                            to<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; differentiate OAM
                            packets from user-plane ones. Inherent in
                            this<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; requirement is the
                            principle that MPLS-TP OAM be independent of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; any existing
                            control-plane, although it should not
                            preclude use of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; the control-plane
                            functionality.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.4.2. Generic Associated
                            Channel<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;In order to address
                            the requirement for in-band transmission of
                            MPLS-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;TP OAM traffic,
                            MPLS-TP uses a Generic Associated Channel
                            (G-ACh),<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;defined in [G-ACh] for
                            LSP-based OAM traffic. This mechanism is
                            based<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            19]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;on the same concepts
                            as the PWE3 ACH and VCCV mechanisms.
                            &nbsp;However,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;to address the needs
                            of LSPs as differentiated from PW, the
                            following<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;concepts were defined
                            for [G-ACh]:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o An Associated
                            Channel Header (ACH), that uses a format
                            similar to<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; the PW Control
                            Word, is a 4-byte header that is prepended
                            to OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; packets.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o A Generic Associated
                            Label (GAL). The GAL is a reserved MPLS
                            label<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; value (13) that
                            indicates that the packet is an ACH packet
                            and the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; payload follows
                            immediately after the label stack.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.4.3. MPLS-TP OAM
                            Toolset<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;To address the
                            functionality that is required of the OAM
                            toolset, the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;MPLS WG conducted an
                            analysis of the existing IETF and ITU-T OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;mechanisms and their
                            ability to fulfill the required
                            functionality.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The conclusions of
                            this analysis are documented in
                            [OAM-Analys]. The<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;MPLS working group
                            currently plans to use a mixture of OAM
                            mechanisms<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;that are based on
                            various existing standards, and adapt them
                            to the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;requirements of
                            [MPLS-TP-OAM]. Some of the main building
                            blocks of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;this solution are
                            based on:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Bidirectional
                            Forwarding Detection ([BFD], [BFD-LSP]) for<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; proactive
                            continuity check and connectivity
                            verification.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o LSP Ping as defined
                            in [LSP-Ping] for on-demand connectivity<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; verification.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o New protocol
                            packets, using G-ACH, to address different<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; functionality.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Performance
                            measurement protocols that are based on the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; functionality that
                            is described in [ITU-T-Y1731].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The following
                            sub-sections describe the OAM tools defined
                            for MPLS-TP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;as described in
                            [TP-OAM-FW].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.4.3.1. Continuity Check
                            and Connectivity Verification<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Continuity Check and
                            Connectivity Verification are presented in<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Section 2.2.5. of this
                            document. &nbsp;As presented there, these tools
                            may<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;be used either
                            proactively or on-demand. &nbsp;When using these
                            tools<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;proactively, they are
                            generally used in tandem.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;For MPLS-TP there are
                            two distinct tools, the proactive tool is<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;defined in [TP-CC-CV]
                            while the on-demand tool is defined in<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            20]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;[OnDemand-CV].Proactively [MPLS-TP-OAM]
                            states that the function<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;should allow the MEPs
                            to monitor the liveness and connectivity of
                            a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;transport path. In
                            on-demand mode, this function should support<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;monitoring between the
                            MEPs and, in addition, between a MEP and
                            MIP.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[TP-OAM-FW]
                            highlights, &nbsp;when performing Connectivity
                            Verification,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the need for the CC-V
                            messages to include unique identification of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the MEG that is being
                            monitored and the MEP that originated the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;message.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The proactive tool
                            [TP-CC-CV] is based on extensions to BFD
                            (see<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Section 3.2. ) with
                            the additional limitation that the
                            transmission<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;and receiving rates
                            are based on configuration by the operator.
                            &nbsp;The<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;on-demand tool
                            [OnDemand-CV] is an adaptation of LSP Ping
                            (see<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Section 3.3. ) for the
                            required behavior of MPLS-TP.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.4.3.2. Route Tracing<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[MPLS-TP-OAM] defines
                            that there is a need for functionality that<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;would allow a path
                            end-point to identify the intermediate and
                            end-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;points of the path.
                            This function would be used in on-demand
                            mode.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Normally, this path
                            will be used for bidirectional PW, LSP, and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;sections, however,
                            unidirectional paths may be supported only
                            if a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;return path exists.
                            &nbsp;The tool for this is based on the LSP Ping
                            (see<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Section 3.3. )
                            functionality and is described in
                            [OnDemand-CV].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.4.3.3. Lock Instruct<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The Lock Instruct
                            function [Lock-Loop] is used to notify a
                            transport<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;path end-point of an
                            administrative need to disable the transport<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;path. &nbsp;This
                            functionality will generally be used in
                            conjunction with<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;some intrusive OAM
                            function, e.g. Performance measurement,
                            Diagnostic<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;testing, to minimize
                            the side-effect on user data traffic.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.4.3.4. Lock Reporting<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Lock Reporting is a
                            function used by an end-point of a path to
                            report<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;to its far-end
                            end-point that a lock condition has been
                            affected on<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the path.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.4.3.5. Alarm Reporting<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Alarm Reporting is a
                            function used by an intermediate point of a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;path, that becomes
                            aware of a fault on the path, to report to
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;end-points of the
                            path. [TP-OAM-FW] states that this may occur
                            as a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;result of a defect
                            condition discovered at a server sub-layer.
                            This<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;generates an Alarm
                            Indication Signal (AIS) that continues until
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            21]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;fault is cleared. The
                            consequent action of this function is
                            detailed<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;in [TP-OAM-FW].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.4.3.6. Remote Defect
                            Indication<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Remote Defect
                            Indication (RDI) is used proactively by a
                            path end-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;point to report to its
                            peer end-point that a defect is detected on
                            a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;bidirectional
                            connection between them. [MPLS-TP-OAM]
                            points out that<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;this function may be
                            applied to a unidirectional LSP only if
                            there a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;return path exists.
                            &nbsp;[TP-OAM-FW] points out that this function
                            is<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;associated with the
                            proactive CC-V function.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.4.3.7. Client Failure
                            Indication<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Client Failure
                            Indication (CFI) is defined in [MPLS-TP-OAM]
                            to allow<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the propagation
                            information from one edge of the network to
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;other. The information
                            concerns a defect to a client, in the case<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;that the client does
                            not support alarm notification.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.4.3.8. Packet Loss
                            Measurement (LM)<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Packet Loss
                            Measurement is a function used to verify the
                            quality of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the service. This
                            function indicates the ratio of packets that
                            are<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;not delivered out of
                            all packets that are transmitted by the path<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;source.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;There are two possible
                            ways of determining this measurement:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Using OAM packets,
                            it is possible to compute the statistics
                            based<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; on a series of OAM
                            packets. This, however, has the disadvantage
                            of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; being artificial,
                            and may not be representative since part of
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; packet loss may be
                            dependent upon packet sizes.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">TOM: Not just packet sizes.
                          Things like implementation (as I mentioned
                          above with the comment about the accuracy or
                          truthfulness of the data plane processing of
                          OAM packets). &nbsp;Doing very accurate RTT as a
                          simple example, with just IP Pings, is a
                          tricky thing to make work. &nbsp;Also, it is
                          important to mention that the scale in terms
                          of number of packets, number of tests, etc&#8230;
                          can and will impact these parameters too.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">[TM]
                                Following your comment we rephrased this
                                sentence.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                        #B5C4DF 4.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
0in;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"
                        id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Sending delimiting
                            messages for the start and end of a
                            measurement<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; period during which
                            the source and sink of the path count the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; packets transmitted
                            and received. After the end delimiter, the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ratio would be
                            calculated by the path OAM entity.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.4.3.9. Packet Delay
                            Measurement (DM)<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Packet Delay
                            Measurement is a function that is used to
                            measure one-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;way or two-way delay
                            of a packet transmission between a pair of
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;end-points of a path
                            (PW, LSP, or Section). Where:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            22]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o One-way packet delay
                            is the time elapsed from the start of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; transmission of the
                            first bit of the packet by a source node
                            until<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; the reception of
                            the last bit of that packet by the
                            destination<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; node.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;o Two-way packet delay
                            is the time elapsed from the start of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; transmission of the
                            first bit of the packet by a source node
                            until<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; the reception of
                            the last bit of the loop-backed packet by
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; same source node,
                            when the loopback is performed at the
                            packet's<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; destination node.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Similarly to the
                            packet loss measurement this could be
                            performed in<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;either of the two ways
                            outlined above.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.5. PWE3 OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.5.1. PWE3 OAM using
                            Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification
                            (VCCV)<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;VCCV, as defined in
                            [VCCV], provides a means for end-to-end
                            fault<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;detection and
                            diagnostics tools to be extended for PWs
                            (regardless of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the underlying
                            tunneling technology). The VCCV switching
                            function<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;provides a control
                            channel associated with each PW (based on
                            the PW<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Associated Channel
                            Header (ACH) which is defined in [PW-ACH]),
                            and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;allows transmitting
                            the OAM packets in-band with PW data (using
                            CC<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Type 1: In-band VCCV).<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;VCCV currently
                            supports the following OAM mechanisms: ICMP
                            Ping, LSP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Ping, and BFD. ICMP
                            and LSP Ping are IP encapsulated before
                            being<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;sent over the PW ACH.
                            BFD for VCCV [BFD-VCCV] supports two modes
                            of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;encapsulation - either
                            IP/UDP encapsulated (with IP/UDP header) or<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;PW-ACH encapsulated
                            (with no IP/UDP header) and provides support
                            to<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;signal the AC status.
                            The use of the VCCV control channel provides<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the context, based on
                            the MPLS-PW label, required to bind and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;bootstrap the BFD
                            session to a particular pseudo wire (FEC),<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;eliminating the need
                            to exchange Discriminator values.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;VCCV consists of two
                            components: (1) signaled component to<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;communicate VCCV
                            capabilities as part of VC label, and (2)
                            switching<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;component to cause the
                            PW payload to be treated as a control
                            packet.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;VCCV is not directly
                            dependent upon the presence of a control
                            plane.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The VCCV capability
                            negotiation may be performed as part of the
                            PW<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;signaling when LDP is
                            used. In case of manual configuration of the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;PW, it is the
                            responsibility of the operator to set
                            consistent<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;options at both ends.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">TOM: Might be helpful to
                          note that the static mode was created
                          specifically to handle the MPLS-TP cases where
                          no control plane was a requirement. However,
                          new use cases such as pure mobile backhaul,
                          etc&#8230; find this functionality useful too.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span
style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">[TM]
                                Following your comment we added some
                                text to explain this.</span></i></b><o:p></o:p></p>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid
                        #B5C4DF 4.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
0in;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt"
                        id="MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE">
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            23]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.5.2. PWE3 OAM using
                            G-ACh<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;As mentioned above,
                            VCCV enables OAM for PWs by using a control<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;channel for OAM
                            packets. When PWs are used in MPLS-TP
                            networks,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;rather than the
                            control channels defined in VCCV, the G-ACh
                            can be<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;used as an alternative
                            control channel. The usage of the G-ACh for<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;PWs is defined in
                            [PW-G-ACh].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.6. OWAMP and TWAMP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.6.1. Overview<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The IPPM working group
                            in the IETF defines common criteria and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;metrics for measuring
                            performance of IP traffic ([IPPM-FW]). Some
                            of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the key RFCs published
                            by this working group have defined metrics
                            for<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;measuring connectivity
                            [IPPM-Con], delay ([IPPM-1DM], [IPPM-2DM]),<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;and packet loss
                            [IPPM-1LM].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Alternative protocols
                            for performance measurement are defined, for<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;example, in MPLS-TP
                            OAM ([MPLS-LM-DM], [TP-LM-DM]), and in
                            Ethernet<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OAM [ITU-T-Y1731].<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The IPPM working group
                            has defined not only metrics for performance<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;measurement, but also
                            protocols that define how the measurement is<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;carried out. The
                            One-way Active Measurement Protocol [OWAMP]
                            and the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Two-Way Active
                            Measurement Protocol [TWAMP] define a method
                            and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;protocol for measuring
                            delay and packet loss in IP networks.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OWAMP [OWAMP] enables
                            measurement of one-way characteristics of IP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;networks, such as
                            one-way packet loss and one-way delay. &nbsp;For
                            its<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;proper operation OWAMP
                            requires accurate time of day setting at its<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;end points.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;TWAMP [TWAMP] is a
                            similar protocol that enables measurement of
                            two-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;way (round trip)
                            characteristics. &nbsp;TWAMP does not require
                            accurate<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;time of day, and,
                            furthermore, allows the use of a simple
                            session<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;reflector, making it
                            an attractive alternative to OWAMP.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OWAMP and TWAMP use
                            two separate protocols: a Control plane
                            protocol,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;and a Test plane
                            protocol.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.6.2. Control and Test
                            Protocols<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OWAMP and TWAMP
                            control protocols run over TCP, while the
                            test<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;protocols run over
                            UDP. &nbsp;The purpose of the control protocols
                            is to<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;initiate, start, and
                            stop test sessions, and for OWAMP to fetch<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;results. &nbsp;The test
                            protocols introduce test packets (which
                            contain<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            24]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;sequence numbers and
                            timestamps) along the IP path under test<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;according to a
                            schedule, and record statistics of packet
                            arrival.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Multiple sessions may
                            be simultaneously defined, each with a
                            session<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;identifier, and
                            defining the number of packets to be sent,
                            the amount<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;of padding to be added
                            (and thus the packet size), the start time,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;and the send schedule
                            (which can be either a constant time between<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;test packets or
                            exponentially distributed pseudo-random).
                            Statistics<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;recorded conform to
                            the relevant IPPM RFCs.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OWAMP and TWAMP test
                            traffic is designed with security in mind.
                            &nbsp;Test<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;packets are hard to
                            detect because they are simply UDP streams<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;between negotiated
                            port numbers, with potentially nothing
                            static in<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the packets. &nbsp;OWAMP
                            and TWAMP also include optional
                            authentication<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;and encryption for
                            both control and test packets.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.6.3. OWAMP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OWAMP defines the
                            following logical roles: Session-Sender,
                            Session-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Receiver, Server,
                            Control-Client, and Fetch-Client. &nbsp;The
                            Session-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Sender originates test
                            traffic that is received by the Session-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Receiver. &nbsp;The Server
                            configures and manages the session, as well
                            as<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;returning the results.
                            &nbsp;The Control-Client initiates requests for<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;test sessions,
                            triggers their start, and may trigger their<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;termination. &nbsp;The
                            Fetch-Client requests the results of a
                            completed<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;session. &nbsp;Multiple
                            roles may be combined in a single host - for<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;example, one host may
                            play the roles of Control-Client,
                            Fetch-Client,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;and Session-Sender,
                            and a second playing the roles of Server and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Session-Receiver.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;In a typical OWAMP
                            session the Control-Client establishes a TCP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;connection to port 861
                            of the Server, which responds with a server<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;greeting message
                            indicating supported security/integrity
                            modes. The<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Control-Client
                            responds with the chosen communications mode
                            and the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Server accepts the
                            modes. &nbsp;The Control-Client then requests and
                            fully<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;describes a test
                            session to which the Server responds with
                            its<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;acceptance and
                            supporting information. &nbsp;More than one test
                            session<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;may be requested with
                            additional messages. &nbsp;The Control-Client
                            then<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;starts a test session
                            and the Server acknowledges. &nbsp;The Session-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Sender then sends test
                            packets with pseudorandom padding to the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Session-Receiver until
                            the session is complete or until the
                            Control-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;client stops the
                            session. &nbsp;Once finished, the Fetch-Client
                            sends a<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;fetch request to the
                            server, which responds with an
                            acknowledgement<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;and immediately
                            thereafter the result data.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            25]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.6.4. TWAMP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;TWAMP defines the
                            following logical roles: session-sender,
                            session-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;reflector, server, and
                            control-client. &nbsp;These are similar to the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OWAMP roles, except
                            that the Session-Reflector does not collect
                            any<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;packet information,
                            and there is no need for a Fetch-Client.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;In a typical TWAMP
                            session the Control-Client establishes a TCP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;connection to port 862
                            of the Server, and mode is negotiated as in<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;OWAMP. &nbsp;The
                            Control-Client then requests sessions and
                            starts them.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The Session-Sender
                            sends test packets with pseudorandom padding
                            to<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the Session-Reflector
                            which returns them with insertion of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;timestamps.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">3.7. Summary of OAM
                            Functions<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Table 3 summarizes the
                            OAM functions that are supported in each of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;the categories that
                            were analyzed in this section.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+-------+--------+--------+-----------+-------+--------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| Standard
                            &nbsp;|Continu|Connecti|Path &nbsp; &nbsp;|Defect &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |Perform|Other &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |ity &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|vity &nbsp; &nbsp;|Discover|Indications|ance &nbsp;
                            |Function|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |Check
                            &nbsp;|Verifica|y &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |Monitor|s &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |tion &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |ing &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+-------+--------+--------+-----------+-------+--------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|IP Ping &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |Echo &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;+ --------- + ----- +
                            ------ + ------ + --------- + ----- + ------
                            +<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|IP &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|Tracerou| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|Traceroute | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|te &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;+ --------- + ----- +
                            ------ + ------ + --------- + ----- + ------
                            +<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|BFD &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|BFD &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|BFD &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |Control|Echo &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;+ --------- + ----- +
                            ------ + ------ + --------- + ----- + ------
                            +<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|MPLS OAM &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |"Ping" &nbsp;|"Tracero| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|(LSP Ping) | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |mode &nbsp; &nbsp;|ute" &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|mode &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;+ --------- + ----- +
                            ------ + ------ + --------- + ----- + ------
                            +<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|MPLS-TP &nbsp; &nbsp;|CC &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |CV/pro- |Route &nbsp; |-Alarm &nbsp; &nbsp; |-LM &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|-Diagnos|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|OAM &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |active &nbsp;|Tracing | Reporting |-DM &nbsp; &nbsp;| tic
                            Tes|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |or on- &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|-Client &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | t &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |demand &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| Failure &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-Lock
                            &nbsp; |<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| Indication| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;|-Remote &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            26]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| Defect &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| Indication| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;+ --------- + ----- +
                            ------ + ------ + --------- + ----- + ------
                            +<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|PWE3 OAM &nbsp; |BFD &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|-BFD &nbsp; &nbsp;|LSP-Ping| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |-ICMP &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Ping &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            |-LSP- &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp; &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            Ping &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;+ --------- + ----- +
                            ------ + ------ + --------- + ----- + ------
                            +<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|OWAMP and &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-Delay | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;|TWAMP &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | measur| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | ement | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |-Packet| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | loss &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | measur| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |
                            &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;| &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | ement | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;|<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;
                            &nbsp;+-----------+-------+--------+--------+-----------+-------+--------+<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Table 3 Summary of OAM Functions<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">4. Security
                            Considerations<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;This memo presents an
                            overview of existing OAM mechanisms, and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;proposes no new OAM
                            mechanisms. Therefore, this document
                            introduces<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;no security
                            considerations. However, the OAM mechanism
                            reviewed in<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;this document can and
                            do present security issues. The reader is<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;encouraged to review
                            the Security Considerations section of each<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;document reference by
                            this memo.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">5. IANA Considerations<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;There are no new IANA
                            considerations implied by this document.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">6. Acknowledgments<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;The authors gratefully
                            acknowledge Sasha Vainshtein, Carlos<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Pignataro, David
                            Harrington, Dan Romascanu, Ron Bonica and
                            other<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;members of the OPSAWG
                            mailing list for their helpful comments.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;This document was
                            prepared using 2-Word-v2.0.template.dot.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            27]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">7. References<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">7.1. Normative References<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[LSP-Ping] &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Kompella, K., Swallow, G., "Detecting
                            Multi-Protocol<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Label
                            Switched (MPLS) Data Plane Failures", RFC
                            4379,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;February
                            2006.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[MPLS-OAM] &nbsp; &nbsp;Nadeau,
                            T., Morrow, M., Swallow, G., Allan, D.,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Matsushima, S., "Operations and Management
                            (OAM)<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Requirements for Multi-Protocol Label
                            Switched (MPLS)<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Networks", RFC 4377, February 2006.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[MPLS-OAM-FW] Allan,
                            D., Nadeau, T., "A Framework for
                            Multi-Protocol<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Label
                            Switching (MPLS) Operations and Management<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(OAM)",
                            RFC 4378, February 2006.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[OAM-Label] &nbsp; Ohta,
                            H., "Assignment of the 'OAM Alert Label' for<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture
                            (MPLS)<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Operation and Maintenance (OAM) Functions",
                            RFC 3429,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;November
                            2002.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[MPLS-TP-OAM]
                            Vigoureux, M., Ward, D., Betts, M.,
                            "Requirements for<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;OAM in
                            MPLS Transport Networks", RFC 5860, May
                            2010.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[G-ACh] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Bocci,
                            M., Vigoureux, M., Bryant, S., "MPLS Generic<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Associated Channel", RFC 5586, June 2009.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[VCCV] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Nadeau,
                            T., Pignataro, C., "Pseudowire Virtual
                            Circuit<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Connectivity Verification (VCCV): A Control
                            Channel<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;for
                            Pseudowires", RFC 5085, December 2007.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[PW-ACH] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Bryant,
                            S., Swallow, G., Martini, L., McPherson, D.,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;"Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3)
                            Control Word<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;for Use
                            over an MPLS PSN", RFC 4385, February 2006.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[ICMPv4] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Postel,
                            J., "Internet Control Message Protocol", STD
                            5,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;RFC 792,
                            September 1981.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[ICMPv6] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Conta,
                            A., Deering, S., and M. Gupta, "Internet
                            Control<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Message
                            Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Version
                            6 (IPv6) Specification", RFC 4443, March
                            2006.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[MPLS-P2MP] &nbsp;
                            Yasukawa, S., Farrel, A., King, D., Nadeau,
                            T.,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;"Operations and Management (OAM)
                            Requirements for<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Point-to-Multipoint MPLS Networks", RFC
                            4687,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;September 2006.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            28]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[ICMP-Ext] &nbsp; &nbsp;Bonica,
                            R., Gan, D., Tappan, D., Pignataro, C.,
                            "ICMP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Extensions for Multiprotocol Label
                            Switching", RFC<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4950,
                            August 2007.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[ICMP-MP] &nbsp; &nbsp; Bonica,
                            R., Gan, D., Tappan, D., Pignataro, C.,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;"Extended ICMP to Support Multi-Part
                            Messages", RFC<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4884,
                            April 2007.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[ICMP-Int] &nbsp; &nbsp;Atlas,
                            A., Bonica, R., Pignataro, C., Shen, N.,
                            Rivers,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;JR.,
                            "Extending ICMP for Interface and Next-Hop<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Identification", RFC 5837, April 2010.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[TCPIP-Tools] Kessler,
                            G., Shepard, S., "A Primer On Internet and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;TCP/IP
                            Tools and Utilities", RFC 2151, June 1997.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[NetTools] &nbsp; &nbsp;Stine,
                            R., "FYI on a Network Management Tool
                            Catalog:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Tools
                            for Monitoring and Debugging TCP/IP
                            Internets<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;and
                            Interconnected Devices", RFC 1147, April
                            1990.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[IPPM-FW] &nbsp; &nbsp; Paxson,
                            V., Almes, G., Mahdavi, J., and Mathis, M.,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;"Framework for IP Performance Metrics", RFC
                            2330, May<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1998.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[IPPM-Con] &nbsp; &nbsp;Mahdavi,
                            J., Paxson, V., "IPPM Metrics for Measuring<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Connectivity", RFC 2678, September 1999.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[IPPM-1DM] &nbsp; &nbsp;Almes,
                            G., Kalidindi, S., Zekauskas, M., "A One-way<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Delay
                            Metric for IPPM", RFC 2679, September 1999.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[IPPM-1LM] &nbsp; &nbsp;Almes,
                            G., Kalidindi, S., Zekauskas, M., "A One-way<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Packet
                            Loss Metric for IPPM", RFC 2680, September<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1999.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[IPPM-2DM] &nbsp; &nbsp;Almes,
                            G., Kalidindi, S., Zekauskas, M., "A
                            Round-trip<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Delay
                            Metric for IPPM", RFC 2681, September 1999.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[OWAMP] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Shalunov, S., Teitelbaum, B., Karp, A.,
                            Boote, J., and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Zekauskas, M., "A One-way Active
                            Measurement Protocol<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;(OWAMP)", RFC 4656, September 2006.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[TWAMP] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Hedayat,
                            K., Krzanowski, R., Morton, A., Yum, K., and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Babiarz,
                            J., "A Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;(TWAMP)", RFC 5357, October 2008.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[BFD] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Katz,
                            D., Ward, D., "Bidirectional Forwarding
                            Detection<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(BFD)",
                            RFC 5880, June 2010.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            29]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[BFD-IP] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Katz,
                            D., Ward, D., "Bidirectional Forwarding
                            Detection<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(BFD)
                            for IPv4 and IPv6 (Single Hop)", RFC 5881,
                            June<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2010.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[BFD-Gen] &nbsp; &nbsp; Katz,
                            D., Ward, D., "Generic Application of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)",
                            RFC 5882,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;June
                            2010.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[BFD-Multi] &nbsp; Katz,
                            D., Ward, D., "Bidirectional Forwarding
                            Detection<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(BFD)
                            for Multihop Paths", RFC 5883, June 2010.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[BFD-LSP] &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Aggarwal, R., Kompella, K., Nadeau, T., and
                            Swallow,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;G.,
                            "Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)
                            for MPLS<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Label
                            Switched Paths (LSPs)", RFC 5884, June 2010.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[BFD-VCCV] &nbsp; &nbsp;Nadeau,
                            T., Pignataro, C., "Bidirectional Forwarding<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Detection (BFD) for the Pseudowire Virtual
                            Circuit<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Connectivity Verification (VCCV)", RFC
                            5885, June<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2010.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[TP-OAM-FW] &nbsp; Busi,
                            I., Allan, D., "Operations, Administration
                            and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Maintenance Framework for MPLS-based
                            Transport<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Networks
                            ", RFC 6371, September 2011.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[TP-CC-CV] &nbsp; &nbsp;Allan,
                            D., Swallow, G., Drake, J., "Proactive<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Connectivity Verification, Continuity Check
                            and Remote<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Defect
                            indication for MPLS Transport Profile", RFC<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;6428,
                            November 2011.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[OnDemand-CV] Gray,
                            E., Bahadur, N., Boutros, S., Aggarwal, R.
                            "MPLS<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;On-Demand Connectivity Verification and
                            Route<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Tracing", RFC 6426, November 2011.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[MPLS-LM-DM] &nbsp;Frost,
                            D., Bryant, S., "Packet Loss and Delay<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Measurement for MPLS Networks", RFC 6374,
                            September<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2011.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[TP-LM-DM] &nbsp; &nbsp;Frost,
                            D., Bryant, S., "A Packet Loss and Delay<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Measurement Profile for MPLS-Based
                            Transport<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Networks", RFC 6375, September 2011.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[TP-Fault] &nbsp; &nbsp;Swallow,
                            G., Fulignoli, A., Vigoureux, M., Boutros,
                            S.,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;"MPLS
                            Fault Management Operations, Administration,
                            and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Maintenance (OAM)", RFC 6427, November
                            2011.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            30]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[Lock-Loop] &nbsp; Boutros,
                            S., Sivabalan, S., Aggarwal, R., Vigoureux,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;M., Dai,
                            X., "MPLS Transport Profile Lock Instruct
                            and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Loopback
                            Functions", RFC 6435, November 2011.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[ITU-T-CT] &nbsp; &nbsp;Betts,
                            M., "Allocation of a Generic Associated
                            Channel<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Type for
                            ITU-T MPLS Transport Profile Operation,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Maintenance, and Administration (MPLS-TP
                            OAM)", RFC<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;6671,
                            November 2012.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[PW-Map] &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;M.
                            Aissaoui, P. Busschbach, L. Martini, M.
                            Morrow, T.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Nadeau,
                            "Pseudowire (PW) Operations, Administration,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;and
                            Maintenance (OAM) Message Mapping", RFC
                            6310, July<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2011.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[PW-G-ACh] &nbsp; &nbsp;Li, H.,
                            Martini, L., He, J., Huang, F., "Using the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Generic
                            Associated Channel Label for Pseudowire in
                            the<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;MPLS
                            Transport Profile (MPLS-TP)", RFC 6423,
                            November<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2011.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">7.2. Informative
                            References<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[OAM-Def] &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Andersson, L., Van Helvoort, H., Bonica, R.,
                            Romascanu,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;D.,
                            Mansfield, S., "Guidelines for the use of
                            the OAM<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;acronym
                            in the IETF ", RFC 6291, June 2011.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[OAM-Analys]
                            &nbsp;Sprecher, N., Fang, L., "An Overview of the
                            OAM Tool<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Set for
                            &nbsp;MPLS based Transport Networks", RFC 6669,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;July
                            2012.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[TP-Term] &nbsp; &nbsp; Van
                            Helvoort, H., Andersson, L., Sprecher, N.,
                            "A<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Thesaurus for the Terminology used in
                            Multiprotocol<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Label
                            Switching Transport Profile (MPLS-TP)<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;drafts/RFCs and ITU-T's Transport Network<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Recommendations", work-in-progress,
                            draft-ietf-mpls-<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;tp-rosetta-stone, July 2012.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[IEEE802.1ag] IEEE
                            802.1Q, "IEEE Standard for Local and
                            metropolitan<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;area
                            networks - Media Access Control (MAC)
                            Bridges and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Virtual
                            Bridged Local Area Networks", October 2012.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[ITU-T-Y1731] ITU-T
                            Recommendation G.8013/Y.1731, "OAM Functions
                            and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Mechanisms for Ethernet-based Networks",
                            July 2011.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[ITU-T-Y1711] ITU-T
                            Recommendation Y.1711, "Operation &amp;
                            Maintenance<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;mechanism for MPLS networks", February
                            2004.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            31]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[IEEE802.3ah] IEEE
                            802.3, "IEEE Standard for Information
                            technology -<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Local
                            and metropolitan area networks - Carrier
                            sense<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;multiple
                            access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;access
                            method and physical layer specifications",<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;clause
                            57, December 2008.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[ITU-T-G.806] ITU-T
                            Recommendation G.806, "Characteristics of<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;transport equipment - Description
                            methodology and<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;generic
                            functionality", January 2009.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[ITU-G8113.2] ITU-T
                            Recommendation G.8113.2/Y.1372.2,
                            "Operations,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;administration and maintenance mechanisms
                            for MPLS-TP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;networks
                            using the tools defined for MPLS", November<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2012.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;[ITU-G8113.1] ITU-T
                            Recommendation G.8113.1/Y.1372.1,
                            "Operations,<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            &nbsp;Administration and Maintenance mechanism
                            for MPLS-TP<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;in
                            Packet Transport Network (PTN)", November
                            2012.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Authors' Addresses<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Tal Mizrahi<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Marvell<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;6 Hamada St.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Yokneam, 20692<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Israel<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Email: <a
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="mailto:talmi@marvell.com">talmi@marvell.com</a><o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Nurit Sprecher<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Nokia Siemens Networks<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;3 Hanagar St. Neve
                            Ne'eman B<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Hod Hasharon, &nbsp; 45241<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Israel<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Email: <a
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="mailto:nurit.sprecher@nsn.com">nurit.sprecher@nsn.com</a><o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Elisa Bellagamba<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Ericsson<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;6 Farogatan St.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Stockholm, &nbsp; 164 40<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Sweden<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Mizrahi, et al. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Expires July 9, 2013 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; [Page
                            32]<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Internet-Draft &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
                            Overview of OAM Mechanisms &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; January
                            2013<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Phone: +46 761440785<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Email: <a
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="mailto:elisa.bellagamba@ericsson.com">elisa.bellagamba@ericsson.com</a><o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Yaacov Weingarten<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;34 Hagefen St.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Karnei Shomron, &nbsp;
                            4485500<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Israel<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp; &nbsp;Email: <a
                              moz-do-not-send="true"
                              href="mailto:wyaacov@gmail.com">wyaacov@gmail.com</a><o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                        </div>
                      </blockquote>
                      <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                    </div>
                    <blockquote
                      style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview
                          authors,<br>
                          <br>
                          Here is my feedback on this document.<br>
                          <br>
                          1.<br>
                          Is this document in line with <a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
                            href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trill-oam-req-04">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trill-oam-req-04</a>?
                          <br>
                          * For example, the following definitions could
                          be reused.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; Fault: The term Fault refers to an inability to perform a required<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; action, e.g., an unsuccessful attempt to deliver a packet.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; Defect: The term Defect refers to an interruption in the normal<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; operation, such that over a period of time no packets are delivered<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; successfully.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; Failure: The term Failure refers to the termination of the required<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; function over a longer period of time. Persistence of a defect for a<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; period of time is interpreted as a failure.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>* For example, on the basic abstract <o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Abstract<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) is a general term<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; that refers to a toolset that can be used for fault detection and<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; isolation, and for performance measurement. OAM mechanisms have been<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; defined for various layers in the protocol stack, and are used with a<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; variety of protocols.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Abstract (draft-ietf-trill-oam-req-04)<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; OAM (Operations, Administration and Maintenance) is a general term<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; used to identify functions and toolsets to troubleshoot and monitor<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; networks. This document presents, OAM Requirements applicable to<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; TRILL. <o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>So, as an example: does OAM include function? <o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>I advice to review draft-ietf-trill-oam-req-04<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>2. <o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>draft-ietf-trill-oam is not mentioned, while the abstract mentions:<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; This document presents an overview of the OAM mechanisms that have<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; been defined and are currently being defined by the IETF.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Search for OAM in the current draft names (<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/">https://datatracker.ietf.org/</a>), and you will find many references.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Ok, I see later on:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; This document focuses on IETF<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; documents that have been published as RFCs, while other ongoing OAM-<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; related work is outside the scope.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Ok, fine then: we don't need a reference to all the drafts. <o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>However, draft-ietf-trill-oam is closed to be a RFC, and should be mentioned.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>3.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Section 1<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; The term OAM in this document refers to Operations, Administration<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; and Maintenance [<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#ref-OAM-Def" title="&quot;Guidelines for the use of the OAM acronym in the IETF &quot;">OAM-Def</a>], focusing on the forwarding plane of OAM.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>What does it mean "focusing on the forwarding plane of OAM"?<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Do you take a subset of the definition for this document?<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Btw, I don't see a definition in the terminology section.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>In section 2.2.3<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; A Maintenance Point (MP) is a functional entity that is defined at a<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; node in the network, and either initiates or reacts to OAM messages.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Which plane is MP?<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>4.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Section 1, Introduction<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>"Hence, management aspects are outside the scope of this document."<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>I don't understand which management aspects we speak about here.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">5.<br>
                          Clarifying question regarding 1.2<br>
                          If speak about OWAMP or TWAMP 'synthetic
                          traffic), is that data plane, control plane,
                          or management plane?<br>
                          Note that I found later on in the draft:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; OWAMP and TWAMP use two separate protocols: a Control plane protocol,<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; and a Test plane protocol.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">Interestingly enough, after
                          reading the document, I reviewed <a
                            moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/ballot/">http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/ballot/</a>,
                          and saw the same feedback from Stewart Bryant:<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <pre>Provide a clear view of OAM functionality and its relationship<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>to various &#8220;planes&#8221; of networking (data plane, control plane,<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>management plane). In particular, the importance of<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>fate-sharing of OAM and user traffic flows in packet networks<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>should be explained.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">6.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <pre>I see a multiplication of "plane" terms in the IETF document, and in this document in particular.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>I could find: forwarding plane, management plane, control plane, data plane, user plane, and test plane.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Way too many.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Please be consistent<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">7.<o:p></o:p></p>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; Table 1 summarizes the IETF OAM related RFCs discussed in this<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; document.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; Table 2 summarizes the OAM standards mentioned in this document. <o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>You need to change the Table 2 description. Do you want to say something along the lines of:<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; Table 2 summarizes the OAM standards specified by other Standard Development Organization <o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(SDO) than the IETF, along with IETF references where applicable.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>8.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Section 2.2.1<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; For a formal definition of each term, refer to the references at the end of<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; this document.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Without a reference to a specific RFC, this is the type of statement which is not useful: you have 5 pages of references.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>You position this document as "An Overview of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Mechanisms", but you tell the reader: "if you want to know about the terms,<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>just read first all references!"<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>9.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>You specify some terms and some OAM categories, <o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#section-2.2.2">2.2.2</a>. OAM Maintenance Entities .......................... <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#page-13">13</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#section-2.2.3">2.2.3</a>. OAM Maintenance Points ............................ <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#page-14">14</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#section-2.2.4">2.2.4</a>. Proactive and On-demand activation ................ <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#page-15">15</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#section-2.2.5">2.2.5</a>. Connectivity Verification and Continuity Checks ... <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#page-15">15</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#section-2.2.6">2.2.6</a>. Failures .......................................... <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#page-15">15</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>... but you don't use them in the section 3<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Just <u>one </u>example with section 3.2.2<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>-<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; o Demand mode: in this mode, BFD control packets are sent on-demand.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Upon need, a system initiates a series of BFD control packets to<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; verify the liveness of the session<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Instead of liveness, you have defined Connectivity Verification and Continuity Checks in section 2.2.5<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>- OLD:<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; Each of the end-points of the monitored path maintains its own<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; session identification<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>NEW:<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; Each of the MEP maintains its own session identification<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>OR NEW (actually I don't know)<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; Each of the MP maintains its own session identification<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>- OLD<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; A BFD echo packet is sent to a peer system<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Peer system = MEP, MP, or something else?<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>- etc... <o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>10. <o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>This document is composed of a list of OAM content and references, but I'm really missing the document "scope and target audience".<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>When we did RFC 6632, which is the companion document, we had <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6632#section-1.1">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6632#section-1.1</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; The target audience of the document is, on the one hand, IETF working<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; groups, which aim to select appropriate standard management protocols<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; and data models to address their needs concerning network management.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; On the other hand, the document can be used as an overview and<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; guideline by non-IETF Standards Development Organizations (SDOs)<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; planning to use IETF management technologies and data models for the<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; realization of management applications.&nbsp; The document can also be<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; used to initiate a discussion between the bodies with the goal to<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; gather new requirements and to detect possible gaps.&nbsp; Finally, this<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; document is directed to all interested parties that seek to get an<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; overview of the current set of the IETF network management protocols<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; such as network administrators or newcomers to the IETF.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>You should have something similar.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>11.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Section 3.6.1, put the paragraph 2 at the end of the section. The "alternative" in the following sentence would then make sense<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; Alternative protocols for performance measurement are defined, for<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp; &nbsp;example, in MPLS-TP OAM ([<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#ref-MPLS-LM-DM" title="&quot;Packet Loss and Delay Measurement for MPLS Networks&quot;">MPLS-LM-DM</a>], [<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#ref-TP-LM-DM" title="&quot;A Packet Loss and Delay Measurement Profile for MPLS-Based Transport Networks&quot;">TP-LM-DM</a>]), and in Ethernet<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; OAM [<a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08#ref-ITU-T-Y1731" title="&quot;OAM Functions and Mechanisms for Ethernet-based Networks&quot;">ITU-T-Y1731</a>].<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>My conclusions: this document still needs some work<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Regards, Benoit<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                      </div>
                      <blockquote
                        style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
                        <pre>The IESG has received a request from the Operations and Management Area<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Working Group WG (opsawg) to consider the following document:<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>- 'An Overview of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; Mechanisms'<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp; &lt;draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-08.txt&gt; as Informational RFC<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>final comments on this action. Please send substantive comments to the<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:ietf@ietf.org">ietf@ietf.org</a> mailing lists by 2013-01-25. Exceptionally, comments may be<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>sent to <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:iesg@ietf.org">iesg@ietf.org</a> instead. In either case, please retain the<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>beginning of the Subject line to allow automated sorting.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>Abstract<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) is a general term<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; that refers to a toolset that can be used for fault detection and<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; isolation, and for performance measurement. OAM mechanisms have been<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; defined for various layers in the protocol stack, and are used with a<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; variety of protocols.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; This document presents an overview of the OAM mechanisms that have<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;&nbsp; been defined and are currently being defined by the IETF.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>The file can be obtained via<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/">http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>IESG discussion can be tracked via<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre><a moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/ballot/">http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview/ballot/</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>No IPR declarations have been submitted directly on this I-D.<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                        <pre>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></pre>
                      </blockquote>
                      <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                    </blockquote>
                    <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
                  </blockquote>
                </div>
                <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></p>
              </div>
            </div>
          </blockquote>
        </div>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

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Subject: [OPSAWG] AD review of draft-ietf-opsawg-large-flow-load-balancing
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Dear authors,

Here is my AD review of draft-ietf-opsawg-large-flow-load-balancing

- Section 1:
    Networks extensively use link aggregation groups (LAG) [802.1AX] and
    equal cost multi-paths (ECMP) [RFC 2991] as techniques for capacity
    scaling. For the problems addressed by this document, network traffic
    can be predominantly categorized into two traffic types: long-lived
    large flows and other flows.

    ...

    This draft describes mechanisms for optimal LAG/ECMP component link
    utilization while using hash-based techniques. The mechanisms
    comprise the following steps -- recognizing_large flows_  in a router;
    and assigning the large flows to specific LAG/ECMP component links or
    redistributing the small flows when a component link on the router is
    congested.

    It is useful to keep in mind that in typical use cases for this
    mechanism the_large flows_  are those that consume a significant amount
    of bandwidth on a link, e.g. greater than 5% of link bandwidth.  The
    number of such flows would necessarily be fairly small, e.g. on the
    order of 10's or 100's per LAG/ECMP.  In other words, the number of
   _  large flows_  is NOT expected to be on the order of millions of flows.
    Examples of such large flows would be IPsec tunnels in service
    provider backbone networks or storage backup traffic in data center
    networks.

3 instances of "large flows": do you mean "long-lived large flows"?
If not, why do you make a distinction between long-lived large flows and 
other flows in the first paragraph?
I eventually understood the source of confusion when I read the 
terminology section:
     Large flow(s): long-lived large flow(s)

Either use capitalized term in the Intro section (actually throughout 
the doc.) so that we understand that the term is defined somewhere, or 
make it clear in the intro that large flow(s) = long-lived large flow(s)

-

    This document presents improved load distribution techniques based on
    the large flow awareness.

Improved compared to?

-
In several places, starting with the title and abstract, you speak about 
mechanisms (plural).
However, looking at section 4.2, it seems that you propose a single 
mechanism? Or maybe you consider 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 as different mechanisms?

-

Step 3) On receiving the alert about the congested component link,
    the operator, through a central management entity, finds the large
    flows mapped to that component link and the LAG/ECMP group to which
    the component link belongs.

    Step 4) The operator can choose to rebalance the large flows on
    lightly loaded component links of the LAG/ECMP group or redistribute
    the small flows on the congested link to other component links of the
    group. The operator, through a central management entity, can choose
    one of the following actions:

       1) Indicate specific large flows to rebalance;

       2) Have the router decide the best large flows to rebalance;

       3) Have the router redistribute all the small flows on the
    congested link to other component links in the group.

"Indicate specific large flows to rebalance", "through a central 
management entity", what you describe is basically traffic engineering.
Other the other hand, for 2) and 3), why do you need a central 
management entity?


-

    A number of routers support sampling techniques such as sFlow [sFlow-
    v5, sFlow-LAG], PSAMP [RFC 5475] and NetFlow Sampling [RFC 3954].
    For the purpose of large flow identification, sampling must be
    enabled on all of the egress ports in the router where such
    measurements are desired.

I don't understand the second sentence.
One way to read this is:  sampling must be _enabled _on all of the 
egress ports where such measurements are desired.
     Ok, this is an obvious statement. If the measurements are desired, 
enable them
Or maybe you want to say: _sampling _must be enabled on all of the 
egress ports where such measurements are desired.
     This is a false statement: if you have the choice between sampling 
and non sampling, use non sampling measurements.
Or maybe you want to say: sampling must be enabled on _all _of the 
egress ports where such measurements are desired.
     This is a false statement: if I have ECMP on 2 links, and only one 
of them can't do non sampling, then we should not force
     sampling on both links.
You see, I'm confused.

You miss a couple of key messages:
- if unsampled measurements are available, use those.
- egress means where LAG/ECMP are enabled (this is important for the 
paragraph starting with "If egress sampling is not available, ingress 
sampling can suffice since the central management entity use")

-

    If egress sampling is not available, ingress sampling can suffice
    since the central management entity used by the sampling technique
    typically has multi-node visibility and can use the samples from an
    immediately downstream node to make measurements for egress traffic
    at the local node.

It's not clear if "ingress" means the ingress interface of the router 
itself, or the ingress interface of the downstream router.
A drawing is required.
Both options are possible:
     1. ingress interfaces on the router where LAG/ECMP is initiated
         flow monitoring must be enabled on all ingress interfaces
         flow monitoring must have a way to know the egress interfaces
2. ingress interfaces of the downstream router
         only work for LAG or ECMP single hop
         ingress interfaces = all components from LAG/ECMP (multiple 
ifIndex, typically)

this entire section 4.3.3 needs some improvements

-
On one side, you wrote "Specific algorithms for placement of large flows 
are out of scope of this document.". On the other side, "The following 
parameters are required the configuration of _this_ feature". It seems 
contradictory.
It's unclear why you need the following parameter:

      .  Imbalance threshold: the difference between the utilization of
         the least utilized and most utilized component links.  Expressed
         as a percentage of link speed.

Also, does ECMP/LAG always require equivalent link speed for their components?
  
-
5.2. System Configuration and Identification Parameters

      .  IP address: The IP address of a specific router that the
         feature is being configured on, or that the large flow placement
         is being applied to.

      .  LAG ID: Identifies the LAG. The LAG ID may be required when
         configuring this feature (to apply a specific set of large flow
         identification parameters to the LAG) and will be required when
         specifying flow placement to achieve the desired rebalancing.

      .  Component Link ID: Identifies the component link within a LAG.
         This is required when specifying flow placement to achieve the
         desired rebalancing.

Nothing regarding ECMP?

-

    For high speed links, the etherStatsHighCapacityTable MIB [RFC 3273]
    can be used.

Well, only for ethernet.





EDITORIAL:
-
figure 2

OLD:

                   +-----------+ ->     +-----------+
                   |           | ->     |           |
                   |           | ===>   |           |
                   |        (1)|--------|(1)        |
                   |           | ->     |           |
                   |           | ->     |           |
                   |  (R1)    | ->     |   (R2)  |

NEW:

                   +-----------+ ->     +-----------+
                   |           | ->     |           |
                   |           | ===>   |           |
                   |        (1)|--------|(1)        |
                   |           | ->     |           |
                   |           | ->     |           |
                   |  (R1)     | ->     |   (R2)    |




-  The indentation in section 2 is not correct

- "For tunneling protocols like GRE, VXLAN, NVGRE, STT, etc.,"
You need to expand and provide references.

- a PBR rule
Expand.

-
OLD:

                   +-----------+ ->     +-----------+
                   |           | ->     |           |
                   |           | ===>   |           |
                   |        (1)|--------|(1)        |
                   |           |        |           |
                   |           | ===>   |           |
                   |           | ->     |           |
                   |           | ->     |           |
                   |  (R1)    | ->     |   (R2)  |
                   |        (2)|--------|(2)        |

NEW:
                   +-----------+ ->     +-----------+
                   |           | ->     |           |
                   |           | ===>   |           |
                   |        (1)|--------|(1)        |
                   |           |        |           |
                   |           | ===>   |           |
                   |           | ->     |           |
                   |           | ->     |           |
                   |  (R1)     | ->     |   (R2)    |
                   |        (2)|--------|(2)        |


-
OLD:
The IPFIX information model [RFC 7011]
NEW:
The IPFIX information model [RFC 7012]

Regards, Benoit

--------------060305070101070405060908
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<html>
  <head>

    <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    <pre>Dear authors,

Here is my AD review of draft-ietf-opsawg-large-flow-load-balancing

- Section 1:
   Networks extensively use link aggregation groups (LAG) [802.1AX] and
   equal cost multi-paths (ECMP) [RFC 2991] as techniques for capacity
   scaling. For the problems addressed by this document, network traffic
   can be predominantly categorized into two traffic types: long-lived
   large flows and other flows. 

   ...

   This draft describes mechanisms for optimal LAG/ECMP component link
   utilization while using hash-based techniques. The mechanisms
   comprise the following steps -- recognizing <u>large flows</u> in a router;
   and assigning the large flows to specific LAG/ECMP component links or
   redistributing the small flows when a component link on the router is
   congested.

   It is useful to keep in mind that in typical use cases for this
   mechanism the <u>large flows</u> are those that consume a significant amount
   of bandwidth on a link, e.g. greater than 5% of link bandwidth.  The
   number of such flows would necessarily be fairly small, e.g. on the
   order of 10's or 100's per LAG/ECMP.  In other words, the number of
  <u> large flows</u> is NOT expected to be on the order of millions of flows.
   Examples of such large flows would be IPsec tunnels in service
   provider backbone networks or storage backup traffic in data center
   networks.

</pre>
    3 instances of "large flows": do you mean "long-lived large flows"?<br>
    If not, why do you make a distinction between long-lived large flows
    and other flows in the first paragraph?<br>
    I eventually understood the source of confusion when I read the
    terminology section:<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Large flow(s): long-lived large flow(s)<br>
    <br>
    Either use capitalized term in the Intro section (actually
    throughout the doc.) so that we understand that the term is defined
    somewhere, or make it clear in the intro that large flow(s) =
    long-lived large flow(s)<br>
    <br>
    -<br>
    <pre>   This document presents improved load distribution techniques based on
   the large flow awareness. </pre>
    Improved compared to?<br>
    <br>
    -<br>
    In several places, starting with the title and abstract, you speak
    about mechanisms (plural).<br>
    However, looking at section 4.2, it seems that you propose a single
    mechanism? Or maybe you consider 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 as different
    mechanisms?<br>
    <br>
    -<br>
    <pre>Step 3) On receiving the alert about the congested component link,
   the operator, through a central management entity, finds the large
   flows mapped to that component link and the LAG/ECMP group to which
   the component link belongs.

   Step 4) The operator can choose to rebalance the large flows on
   lightly loaded component links of the LAG/ECMP group or redistribute
   the small flows on the congested link to other component links of the
   group. The operator, through a central management entity, can choose
   one of the following actions:

      1) Indicate specific large flows to rebalance;

      2) Have the router decide the best large flows to rebalance;

      3) Have the router redistribute all the small flows on the
   congested link to other component links in the group.

</pre>
    "Indicate specific large flows to rebalance", "through a central
    management entity", what you describe is basically traffic
    engineering.
    <br>
    Other the other hand, for 2) and 3), why do you need a central
    management entity?<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    -<br>
    <pre>   A number of routers support sampling techniques such as sFlow [sFlow-
   v5, sFlow-LAG], PSAMP [RFC 5475] and NetFlow Sampling [RFC 3954].
   For the purpose of large flow identification, sampling must be
   enabled on all of the egress ports in the router where such
   measurements are desired.</pre>
    I don't understand the second sentence.<br>
    One way to read this is:&nbsp; sampling must be
    <u> enabled </u>on all of the egress ports where such measurements
    are desired.
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ok, this is an obvious statement. If the measurements are
    desired, enable them<br>
    Or maybe you want to say: <u>sampling </u>must be enabled on all
    of the egress ports where such measurements are desired.
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This is a false statement: if you have the choice between
    sampling and non sampling, use non sampling measurements.<br>
    Or maybe you want to say: sampling must be enabled on <u>all </u>of
    the egress ports where such measurements are desired.
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This is a false statement: if I have ECMP on 2 links, and only
    one of them can't do non sampling, then we should not force<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sampling on both links.<br>
    You see, I'm confused.<br>
    <br>
    You miss a couple of key messages:<br>
    - if unsampled measurements are available, use those.<br>
    - egress means where LAG/ECMP are enabled (this is important for the
    paragraph starting with "If egress sampling is not available,
    ingress sampling can suffice since the central management entity
    use")<br>
    <br>
    -<br>
    <pre>   If egress sampling is not available, ingress sampling can suffice
   since the central management entity used by the sampling technique
   typically has multi-node visibility and can use the samples from an
   immediately downstream node to make measurements for egress traffic
   at the local node.  

</pre>
    It's not clear if "ingress" means the ingress interface of the
    router itself, or the ingress interface of the downstream router.<br>
    A drawing is required.<br>
    Both options are possible:<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. ingress interfaces on the router where LAG/ECMP is initiated<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; flow monitoring must be enabled on all ingress interfaces<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; flow monitoring must have a way to know the egress
    interfaces<br>
    2. ingress interfaces of the downstream router<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; only work for LAG or ECMP single hop<br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ingress interfaces = all components from LAG/ECMP (multiple
    ifIndex, typically) <br>
    <br>
    this entire section 4.3.3 needs some improvements<br>
    <br>
    -<br>
    On one side, you wrote "Specific algorithms for placement of large
    flows are out of scope of this document.". On the other side, "The
    following parameters are required the configuration of <u>this</u>
    feature". It seems contradictory.<br>
    It's unclear why you need the following parameter:<br>
    <br>
    <pre>     .  Imbalance threshold: the difference between the utilization of
        the least utilized and most utilized component links.  Expressed
        as a percentage of link speed.

Also, does ECMP/LAG always require equivalent link speed for their components?
 
-
<span class="m_h">5.2. System Configuration and Identification Parameters</span>

     .  IP address: The IP address of a specific router that the
        feature is being configured on, or that the large flow placement
        is being applied to.

     .  LAG ID: Identifies the LAG. The LAG ID may be required when
        configuring this feature (to apply a specific set of large flow
        identification parameters to the LAG) and will be required when
        specifying flow placement to achieve the desired rebalancing.

     .  Component Link ID: Identifies the component link within a LAG.
        This is required when specifying flow placement to achieve the
        desired rebalancing.

</pre>
    Nothing regarding ECMP? <br>
    <br>
    -<br>
    <pre>   For high speed links, the etherStatsHighCapacityTable MIB [RFC 3273]
   can be used.

Well, only for ethernet.
</pre>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    EDITORIAL:<br>
    - <br>
    figure 2<br>
    <br>
    OLD:<br>
    <pre>                  +-----------+ -&gt;     +-----------+
                  |           | -&gt;     |           |
                  |           | ===&gt;   |           |
                  |        (1)|--------|(1)        |
                  |           | -&gt;     |           |
                  |           | -&gt;     |           |
                  |  (R1)    | -&gt;     |   (R2)  |</pre>
    NEW:<br>
    <pre>                  +-----------+ -&gt;     +-----------+
                  |           | -&gt;     |           |
                  |           | ===&gt;   |           |
                  |        (1)|--------|(1)        |
                  |           | -&gt;     |           |
                  |           | -&gt;     |           |
                  |  (R1)     | -&gt;     |   (R2)    |</pre>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    -&nbsp; The indentation in section 2 is not correct<br>
    <br>
    - "For tunneling protocols like GRE, VXLAN, NVGRE, STT, etc.,"<br>
    You need to expand and provide references.<br>
    <br>
    <pre>- a PBR rule
Expand.
</pre>
    -<br>
    OLD:<br>
    <pre>                  +-----------+ -&gt;     +-----------+
                  |           | -&gt;     |           |
                  |           | ===&gt;   |           |
                  |        (1)|--------|(1)        |
                  |           |        |           |
                  |           | ===&gt;   |           |
                  |           | -&gt;     |           |
                  |           | -&gt;     |           |
                  |  (R1)    | -&gt;     |   (R2)  |
                  |        (2)|--------|(2)        |

NEW:
                  +-----------+ -&gt;     +-----------+
                  |           | -&gt;     |           |
                  |           | ===&gt;   |           |
                  |        (1)|--------|(1)        |
                  |           |        |           |
                  |           | ===&gt;   |           |
                  |           | -&gt;     |           |
                  |           | -&gt;     |           |
                  |  (R1)     | -&gt;     |   (R2)    |
                  |        (2)|--------|(2)        |


-
OLD:
The IPFIX information model [RFC 7011] 
NEW:
The IPFIX information model [RFC 7012] &nbsp;

</pre>
    Regards, Benoit<br>
  </body>
</html>

--------------060305070101070405060908--


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A new Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working Group Working Group of the IETF.

    Title         : An Overview of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Tools
    Author(s)     : T. Mizrahi, et al
    Filename      : draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview
    Pages         : 49 
    Date          : 2014-02-18 
    
   Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) is a general term
   that refers to a toolset for fault detection and isolation, and for
   performance measurement. Over the years various OAM tools have been
   defined for various layers in the protocol stack.

   This document summarizes some of the OAM tools defined in the IETF in
   the context of IP unicast, MPLS, MPLS for the transport profile
   (MPLS-TP), pseudowires, and TRILL. This document focuses on tools for
   detecting and isolating failures in networks and for performance
   monitoring. Control and management aspects of OAM are outside the
   scope of this document. Network repair functions such as Fast Reroute
   (FRR) and protection switching, which are often triggered by OAM
   protocols, are also out of the scope of this document.

   The target audience of this document includes network equipment
   vendors, network operators and standard development organizations,
   and can be used as an index to some of the main OAM tools defined in
   the IETF. This document provides a brief description of each of the
   OAM tools in the IETF. At the end of the document a list of the OAM
   toolsets and a list of the OAM functions are presented as a summary.


A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-opsawg-oam-overview-14.txt

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From: "Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan)" <rpazhyan@cisco.com>
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Hello

I have submitted a new version of the draft IEEE 802.11 MAC Profile for CAP=
WAP, http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-hybridmac/ .
Abstract: CAPWAP defines two entities Wireless Transmission Point (WTP) and
   Access Controller (AC).  CAPWAP also defines two MAC (Medium Access
   Control) modes for IEEE 802.11 WTPs: Split and Local MAC . For each
   MAC mode, CAPWAP describes how the MAC functionality is split between
   the WTP and AC.  However, certain functions have not been clearly
   defined.  For example for the Split MAC mode, the IEEE 802.11
   encryption is specified as located in either the AC or the WTP with
   no clear way for the AC to inform the WTP where it should be.  This
   lack of specification leads to interoperability especially when AC
   and WTP come from different vendors.  To solve the problem, this
   specification defines a IEEE 802.11 MAC profile where each profile
   specifies an unambiguous division of functionality between the WTP and
   AC.  The IEEE 802.11 MAC profile is used as follows: The WTP informs
   the AC of the supported profiles during the discovery or join process
   and the AC configures the WTP with one of the supported profiles
   while configuring a WLAN.


Besides making editorial changes, it addresses suggestions made by Dorothy =
Stanley:
1)      Eliminate the profiles for Local MAC mode
2)      Rename it along the lines of "Split MAC mode with WTP encryption...=
. "
3)      Editorial changes to abstract and other places in the document


We are planning to ask for a WGLC in the London meeting, so we would apprec=
iate hearing comments, suggestions prior to the meeting on the mailing list=
.

Thanks

Regards

Rajesh


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<font face=3D"Calibri" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;">
<div>Hello </div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>I have submitted a new version of the draft I<font face=3D"Arial" size=
=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt;">EEE 802.11 MAC Profile for CAPWA</sp=
an></font><font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt;">P=
</span></font><font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt=
;">,
</span></font><a href=3D"http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-=
capwap-hybridmac/"><font color=3D"blue"><u>http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/=
draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-hybridmac/</u></font></a> . </div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
Abstract: CAPWAP defines two entities Wireless Transmission Point (WTP) and=
</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; Access Controller (AC).&nbsp; CAPWAP also defines two MAC (Med=
ium Access</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; Control) modes for IEEE 802.11 WTPs: Split and Local MAC . For=
 each</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; MAC mode, CAPWAP describes how the MAC functionality is split =
between</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; the WTP and AC.&nbsp; However, certain functions have not been=
 clearly</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; defined.&nbsp; For example for the Split MAC mode, the IEEE 80=
2.11</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; encryption is specified as located in either the AC or the WTP=
 with</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; no clear way for the AC to inform the WTP where it should be.&=
nbsp; This</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; lack of specification leads to interoperability especially whe=
n AC</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; and WTP come from different vendors.&nbsp; To solve the proble=
m, this</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; specification defines a IEEE 802.11 MAC profile where each pro=
file</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; specifies an unambiguous division of functionality between the=
 WTP and</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; AC.&nbsp; The IEEE 802.11 MAC profile is used as follows: The =
WTP informs</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; the AC of the supported profiles during the discovery or join =
process</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; and the AC configures the WTP with one of the supported profil=
es</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; while configuring a WLAN.</span></font></div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Besides making editorial changes, it addresses suggestions made by Dor=
othy Stanley: </div>
<ol style=3D"margin:0;padding-left:36pt;">
<li>Eliminate the profiles for Local MAC mode</li><li>Rename it along the l=
ines of &#8220;Split MAC mode with WTP encryption&#8230;. &#8220;</li><li>E=
ditorial changes to abstract and other places in the document</li></ol>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>We are planning to ask for a WGLC in the London meeting, so we would a=
ppreciate hearing comments, suggestions prior to the meeting on the mailing=
 list. </div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Thanks</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Regards</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Rajesh</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
</span></font>
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From: "Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan)" <rpazhyan@cisco.com>
To: "sarikaya@ieee.org" <sarikaya@ieee.org>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [OPSAWG] draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-hybridmac-01
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Behcet

Thanks for your comments.
Please see the latest draft as we have clarified some of the text to improv=
e readability. I will address the points raised directly as well.

Regards

Rajesh
From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Behcet Sarikaya
Sent: Monday, December 09, 2013 11:59 AM
To: opsawg@ietf.org
Subject: [OPSAWG] draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-hybridmac-01

Hi all,

I was reading this draft and had a few comments:

I think the abstract has this sentence which is certainly incorrect:

This lack of specification leads to interoperability between AC and WTP whe=
n AC and WTP come from different vendors.
>       As per China Mobile, this is  a problem as follows: When WTP is in =
Split MAC mode, some vendors expect default behavior for encryption at the =
AC  while some vendors expect the default behavior to be encryption at the =
WTP.  So if AC and WTP vendors are different, default behaviors are contrad=
ictory. Further, there is no way (in existing specs) for AC to inform WTP a=
bout what it should do.
The hybrid MAC profile is defined to clarify encryption/decryption function=
 as an improvement on split MAC profile.
It is not clear why?
Split MAC profile has similar ambiguity for two other functions, scheduling=
 and fragmentation. These do not cause interoperability problems?
Hybrid MAC makes specific choices for these functions but it is not explain=
ed how and why.
>       The new draft clarifies this further.  Nonetheless, clarification b=
elow:
>        On Fragmentation: this is always done at the place where encryptio=
n is done. So when the profile specifies encryption, the ambiguity around f=
ragmentation is also specified (at the same place as encryption).
>       On Scheduling: RFC 5416 has text that indicates how scheduling is e=
xpected to work:
         While the admission control component of IEEE 802.11 resides on th=
e
         AC, the real-time scheduling and queuing functions are on the WTP.
         Note that this does not prevent the AC from providing additional
         policy and scheduling functionality.

I am not sure if the profile exchange is a good idea.
How is WTP configured before the exchange?
>       I am not sure I understand the question. Profile exchange is part o=
f WTP configuration. We have provided some clarification in this regard via=
 Figure 4 in the draft.
Regards,
Behcet


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<div><font color=3D"#1F497D">Behcet</font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3" color=3D"#1F497D"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</span></font></div>
<div><font color=3D"#1F497D">Thanks for your comments. </font></div>
<div><font color=3D"#1F497D">Please see the latest draft as we have clarifi=
ed some of the text to improve readability. I will address the points raise=
d directly as well. </font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3" color=3D"#1F497D"><span styl=
e=3D"font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</span></font></div>
<div><font color=3D"#1F497D">Regards</font></div>
<div><font color=3D"#1F497D">&nbsp;</font></div>
<div><font color=3D"#1F497D">Rajesh</font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Tahoma" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt;"><b>Fr=
om:</b> OPSAWG [<a href=3D"mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:opsawg-bo=
unces@ietf.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Behcet Sarikaya<br>

<b>Sent:</b> Monday, December 09, 2013 11:59 AM<br>

<b>To:</b> opsawg@ietf.org<br>

<b>Subject:</b> [OPSAWG] draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-hybridmac-01</span></font=
></div>
<div><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12p=
t;">&nbsp;</span></font></div>
<div style=3D"margin-bottom:12pt;"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3=
"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">Hi all,<br>

<br>

I was reading this draft and had a few comments:<br>

<br>

I think the abstract has this sentence which is certainly incorrect:<br>

<br>

This lack of specification leads to interoperability between AC and WTP whe=
n AC and WTP come from different vendors. </span></font></div>
<ul style=3D"margin:0;padding-left:36pt;">
<font color=3D"#1F497D">
<li style=3D"margin-bottom:12pt;">As per China Mobile, this is&nbsp; a prob=
lem as follows: When WTP is in Split MAC mode, some vendors expect default =
behavior for encryption at the AC&nbsp; while some vendors expect the defau=
lt behavior to be encryption at the WTP.  So
if AC and WTP vendors are different, default behaviors are contradictory. F=
urther, there is no way (in existing specs) for AC to inform WTP about what=
 it should do. </li></font>
</ul>
<div style=3D"margin-bottom:12pt;"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3=
"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">The hybrid MAC profile is defined to clar=
ify encryption/decryption function as an improvement on split MAC profile.<=
/span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12p=
t;">It is not clear why?</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12p=
t;">Split MAC profile has similar ambiguity for two other functions, schedu=
ling and fragmentation. These do not cause interoperability problems?</span=
></font></div>
<div style=3D"margin-bottom:12pt;"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3=
"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">Hybrid MAC makes specific choices for the=
se functions but it is not explained how and why.</span></font></div>
<ul style=3D"margin:0;padding-left:36pt;">
<font color=3D"#1F497D">
<li style=3D"margin-bottom:12pt;">The new draft clarifies this further.&nbs=
p; Nonetheless, clarification below:</li><li style=3D"margin-bottom:12pt;">=
 On Fragmentation: this is always done at the place where encryption is don=
e. So when the profile specifies encryption, the ambiguity around fragmenta=
tion is also specified (at the same place as encryption). </li><li style=3D=
"margin-bottom:12pt;">On Scheduling: RFC 5416 has text that indicates how s=
cheduling is expected to work:</li></font>
</ul>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; While the admission contro=
l component of IEEE 802.11 resides on the</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; AC, the real-time scheduli=
ng and queuing functions are on the WTP.</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Note that this does not prevent=
 the AC from providing additional</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; policy and scheduling functiona=
lity.</span></font></div>
<div style=3D"margin-bottom:12pt;"><font color=3D"#1F497D">&nbsp;</font></d=
iv>
<div style=3D"margin-bottom:12pt;"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3=
"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">I am not sure if the profile exchange is =
a good idea.
<br>

How is WTP configured before the exchange?</span></font></div>
<ul style=3D"margin:0;padding-left:36pt;">
<font color=3D"#1F497D">
<li style=3D"margin-bottom:12pt;">I am not sure I understand the question. =
Profile exchange is part of WTP configuration. We have provided some clarif=
ication in this regard via Figure 4 in the draft. </li></font>
</ul>
<div style=3D"margin-bottom:12pt;"><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3=
"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">Regards,</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12p=
t;">Behcet</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12p=
t;">&nbsp;</span></font></div>
</span></font>
</body>
</html>

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From: "Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan)" <rpazhyan@cisco.com>
To: "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in CAPWAP
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Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2014 22:10:10 +0000
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Subject: [OPSAWG] Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in CAPWAP
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Hello

We have a submitted a new version of Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Dat=
a Frames in CAPWAP,  http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-zhang-opsawg-cap=
wap-cds/.

Abstract

   In centralized IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
   architecture, the Access Controller (AC) isn't intelligent enough
   actually to aggregate all the wireless frames, even the bandwidth
   requirement in the access point is increasing.  Thus it is a general
   case in the existing operator's network that WTPs forward the
   wireless frames directly to Access Router (AR) to avoid overload on
   the AC.  In this scenario, CAPWAP Control Channel and CAPWAP Data
   Channel are separated from each other.  This document extends CAPWAP
   for applicability of CAPWAP Control and Data Channel separation.


We received some questions and suggestions from Dan Romascanu and John Kaip=
pallimalil on the mailing list on the previous draft.  We have attempted to=
 address them in this draft. Specifically,
1)      How does this draft address signaling, discovery mechanisms related=
 to setting up alternate tunnel. (ans. Tunneling protocols like L2TPv3, IP/=
GRE (PMIPv6) already have a signaling mechanism. This draft focuses on spec=
ifying the tunnel type and provides a container to hold message elements)
2)      Need for alternate tunnel encapsulation (given the existence of def=
ined mode with local bridging)

We would like to get it adopted as a working group item and would like feed=
back on whether we are on track.


thanks

Regards

Rajesh


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<font face=3D"Calibri" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;">
<div>Hello </div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>We have a submitted a new version of <span style=3D"background-color:#=
EDF5FF;">Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in CAPW</span><span=
 style=3D"background-color:#EDF5FF;">A</span><span style=3D"background-colo=
r:#EDF5FF;">P,</span><span style=3D"background-color:#EDF5FF;">
</span> <a href=3D"http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-zhang-opsawg-capwa=
p-cds/"><font color=3D"blue"><u>http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-zhang=
-opsawg-capwap-cds/</u></font></a>. </div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
Abstract</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; In centralized IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)<=
/span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; architecture, the Access Controller (AC) isn't intelligent eno=
ugh</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; actually to aggregate all the wireless frames, even the bandwi=
dth</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; requirement in the access point is increasing.&nbsp; Thus it i=
s a general</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; case in the existing operator's network that WTPs forward the<=
/span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; wireless frames directly to Access Router (AR) to avoid overlo=
ad on</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; the AC.&nbsp; In this scenario, CAPWAP Control Channel and CAP=
WAP Data</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; Channel are separated from each other.&nbsp; This document ext=
ends CAPWAP</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Courier New" size=3D"3"><span style=3D"font-size:12pt;">=
&nbsp;&nbsp; for applicability of CAPWAP Control and Data Channel separatio=
n.</span></font></div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>We received some questions and suggestions from Dan Romascanu and John=
 Kaippallimalil on the mailing list on the previous draft.  We have attempt=
ed to address them in this draft. Specifically, </div>
<ol style=3D"margin:0;padding-left:36pt;">
<li>How does this draft address signaling, discovery mechanisms related to =
setting up alternate tunnel. (ans. Tunneling protocols like L2TPv3, IP/GRE =
(PMIPv6) already have a signaling mechanism. This draft focuses on specifyi=
ng the tunnel type and provides
a container to hold message elements)</li><li>Need for alternate tunnel enc=
apsulation (given the existence of defined mode with local bridging)</li></=
ol>
<div style=3D"padding-left:36pt;">&nbsp;</div>
<div>We would like to get it adopted as a working group item and would like=
 feedback on whether we are on track. </div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>thanks</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Regards</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Rajesh</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
</span></font>
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Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2014 16:00:00 -0900
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Subject: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in CAPWAP
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Please note that Rajesh is planning to ask for working
group adoption of this document.  Please give it a read
and provide feedback on this mailing list.  Particularly
interested in the question of how well it meshes with
CAPWAP documents we've already adopted.

Melinda



-------- Original Message --------
Subject: 	[OPSAWG] Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in CAPWAP
Date: 	Tue, 18 Feb 2014 22:10:10 +0000
From: 	Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan) <rpazhyan@cisco.com>
To: 	opsawg@ietf.org <opsawg@ietf.org>



Hello

We have a submitted a new version of Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for
Data Frames in
CAPWAP,_http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-zhang-opsawg-capwap-cds/_.

Abstract

   In centralized IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
   architecture, the Access Controller (AC) isn't intelligent enough
   actually to aggregate all the wireless frames, even the bandwidth
   requirement in the access point is increasing.  Thus it is a general
   case in the existing operator's network that WTPs forward the
   wireless frames directly to Access Router (AR) to avoid overload on
   the AC.  In this scenario, CAPWAP Control Channel and CAPWAP Data
   Channel are separated from each other.  This document extends CAPWAP
   for applicability of CAPWAP Control and Data Channel separation.


We received some questions and suggestions from Dan Romascanu and John
Kaippallimalil on the mailing list on the previous draft. We have
attempted to address them in this draft. Specifically,

 1. How does this draft address signaling, discovery mechanisms related
    to setting up alternate tunnel. (ans. Tunneling protocols like
    L2TPv3, IP/GRE (PMIPv6) already have a signaling mechanism. This
    draft focuses on specifying the tunnel type and provides a container
    to hold message elements)
 2. Need for alternate tunnel encapsulation (given the existence of
    defined mode with local bridging)


We would like to get it adopted as a working group item and would like
feedback on whether we are on track.


thanks

Regards

Rajesh




--------------080601040004090802000807
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From nobody Tue Feb 18 17:52:18 2014
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Date: Wed, 19 Feb 2014 09:52:08 +0800
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From: Liu Dapeng <maxpassion@gmail.com>
To: Warren Kumari <warren@kumari.net>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Preliminary OPSAWG agenda.
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--047d7b3a916af8e53704f2b8a2cf
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Hi Warren, all,

Regarding the CAPWAP drafts, we also update capwap 802.11n extension draft:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02.
May I have 5 minutes to present it?

Thanks,
Dapeng Liu

2014-02-15 2:02 GMT+08:00 Warren Kumari <warren@kumari.net>:

> Dear OpsAWG.
>
> Here is the preliminary schedule for the OpsAWG meeting at IETF 89 in
> London.
> Our meeting is currently scheduled for 1610-1840 GMT on Tuesday.
>
> Please come prepared, by having read the drafts, and armed with
> questions/ comments.
>
> We *do* still have a small amount of agenda time, please know if you
> have any issues you'd like to discuss / present, but remember -- you
> need to have had some (on-list!) discussions to qualify for this
> special, limited time offer...
>
> Thanks,
> Your friendly OpsAWG chairs...
>
>
> Joint OpsAWG / Ops-Area
> ======================
> Ops Area, by the OpsADs
> --------------------------------------------
> Including such things as (non-authorative!):
> Invited talk on operational considerations in pervasive monitoring
> Stephen Farrell - 20 minutes.
>
> draft-winter-opsawg-eap-metadata-00
>
> Discuss the SNMPSet vs YANG statement.
> Benoit Claise.
>
>
> OpsAWG:
> ------------------
> Administrivia.
> including Draft status updates, etc.
> OpsAWG chairs - 10 minutes.
>
> Update on ETSI NFV Management & Orchestration WG
> Ersue, Mehmet - 10 minutes
>
> Network Configuration Negotiation Problem Statement and Requirements
> draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps
> Brian Carpenter - 15 minutes.
>
> The COMAN drafts:
> draft-ersue-opsawg-coman-probstate-reqs-00
> draft-ersue-opsawg-coman-use-cases-00
> Ersue, Mehmet  - 15 minutes.
>
> The CAPWAP drafts:
> Comments/discussion on draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-hybridmac
> Comments/discussion on draft-zhang-opsawg-capwap-cds-01
> Rajesh Pazhyannur - 15 minutes.
>
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>



-- 

------
Best Regards,
Dapeng Liu

--047d7b3a916af8e53704f2b8a2cf
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
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<div dir=3D"ltr">Hi Warren, all,<div><br></div><div>Regarding the=A0CAPWAP =
drafts, we also update capwap 802.11n extension draft:=A0<a href=3D"http://=
tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02">http://tools.iet=
f.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02</a>.</div>
<div>May I have 5 minutes to present it?<br></div><div><br></div><div>Thank=
s,</div><div>Dapeng Liu</div><div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=
=3D"gmail_quote">2014-02-15 2:02 GMT+08:00 Warren Kumari <span dir=3D"ltr">=
&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:warren@kumari.net" target=3D"_blank">warren@kumari.ne=
t</a>&gt;</span>:<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-=
left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;p=
adding-left:1ex">Dear OpsAWG.<br>
<br>
Here is the preliminary schedule for the OpsAWG meeting at IETF 89 in Londo=
n.<br>
Our meeting is currently scheduled for 1610-1840 GMT on Tuesday.<br>
<br>
Please come prepared, by having read the drafts, and armed with<br>
questions/ comments.<br>
<br>
We *do* still have a small amount of agenda time, please know if you<br>
have any issues you&#39;d like to discuss / present, but remember -- you<br=
>
need to have had some (on-list!) discussions to qualify for this<br>
special, limited time offer...<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
Your friendly OpsAWG chairs...<br>
<br>
<br>
Joint OpsAWG / Ops-Area<br>
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D<br>
Ops Area, by the OpsADs<br>
--------------------------------------------<br>
Including such things as (non-authorative!):<br>
Invited talk on operational considerations in pervasive monitoring<br>
Stephen Farrell - 20 minutes.<br>
<br>
draft-winter-opsawg-eap-metadata-00<br>
<br>
Discuss the SNMPSet vs YANG statement.<br>
Benoit Claise.<br>
<br>
<br>
OpsAWG:<br>
------------------<br>
Administrivia.<br>
including Draft status updates, etc.<br>
OpsAWG chairs - 10 minutes.<br>
<br>
Update on ETSI NFV Management &amp; Orchestration WG<br>
Ersue, Mehmet - 10 minutes<br>
<br>
Network Configuration Negotiation Problem Statement and Requirements<br>
draft-jiang-config-negotiation-ps<br>
Brian Carpenter - 15 minutes.<br>
<br>
The COMAN drafts:<br>
draft-ersue-opsawg-coman-probstate-reqs-00<br>
draft-ersue-opsawg-coman-use-cases-00<br>
Ersue, Mehmet =A0- 15 minutes.<br>
<br>
The CAPWAP drafts:<br>
Comments/discussion on draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-hybridmac<br>
Comments/discussion on draft-zhang-opsawg-capwap-cds-01<br>
Rajesh Pazhyannur - 15 minutes.<br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
OPSAWG mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org">OPSAWG@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg" target=3D"_blank">=
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a><br>
</blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br><br>------<b=
r>Best Regards,<br>Dapeng Liu
</div></div></div>

--047d7b3a916af8e53704f2b8a2cf--


From nobody Fri Feb 21 03:16:53 2014
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From: "Fan, Peng" <fanpeng@chinamobile.com>
To: "'Melinda Shore'" <melinda.shore@gmail.com>, <opsawg@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in	CAPWAP
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Hi Melinda,

This document and the other capwap drafts in opsawg serve different
purposes: new Model, new air-interface support and new control function
support. After reading it I believe this document has evolved into a stable
version with a straightforward solution, and is ready for adoption.

Regards,
Peng

> -----Original Message-----
> From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Melinda Shore
> Sent: Wednesday, February 19, 2014 9:00 AM
> To: opsawg@ietf.org
> Subject: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in
> CAPWAP
> 
> Please note that Rajesh is planning to ask for working group adoption of
this
> document.  Please give it a read and provide feedback on this mailing
list.
> Particularly interested in the question of how well it meshes with CAPWAP
> documents we've already adopted.
> 
> Melinda
> 
> 
> 
> -------- Original Message --------
> Subject: 	[OPSAWG] Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in
CAPWAP
> Date: 	Tue, 18 Feb 2014 22:10:10 +0000
> From: 	Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan) <rpazhyan@cisco.com>
> To: 	opsawg@ietf.org <opsawg@ietf.org>
> 
> 
> 
> Hello
> 
> We have a submitted a new version of Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for
Data
> Frames in
> CAPWAP,_http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-zhang-opsawg-capwap-cds/_.
> 
> Abstract
> 
>    In centralized IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
>    architecture, the Access Controller (AC) isn't intelligent enough
>    actually to aggregate all the wireless frames, even the bandwidth
>    requirement in the access point is increasing.  Thus it is a general
>    case in the existing operator's network that WTPs forward the
>    wireless frames directly to Access Router (AR) to avoid overload on
>    the AC.  In this scenario, CAPWAP Control Channel and CAPWAP Data
>    Channel are separated from each other.  This document extends CAPWAP
>    for applicability of CAPWAP Control and Data Channel separation.
> 
> 
> We received some questions and suggestions from Dan Romascanu and John
> Kaippallimalil on the mailing list on the previous draft. We have
attempted to
> address them in this draft. Specifically,
> 
>  1. How does this draft address signaling, discovery mechanisms related
>     to setting up alternate tunnel. (ans. Tunneling protocols like
>     L2TPv3, IP/GRE (PMIPv6) already have a signaling mechanism. This
>     draft focuses on specifying the tunnel type and provides a container
>     to hold message elements)
>  2. Need for alternate tunnel encapsulation (given the existence of
>     defined mode with local bridging)
> 
> 
> We would like to get it adopted as a working group item and would like
feedback
> on whether we are on track.
> 
> 
> thanks
> 
> Regards
> 
> Rajesh
> 
> 





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Subject: [OPSAWG] RFC 7124 on Ethernet in the First Mile Copper (EFMCu) Interfaces MIB
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A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.

        
        RFC 7124

        Title:      Ethernet in the First Mile 
                    Copper (EFMCu) Interfaces MIB 
        Author:     E. Beili
        Status:     Standards Track
        Stream:     IETF
        Date:       February 2014
        Mailbox:    edward.beili@actelis.com
        Pages:      6
        Characters: 12123
        Updates:    RFC 5066

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-opsawg-rfc5066bis-07.txt

        URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7124.txt

This document updates RFC 5066.  It amends that specification by
informing the Internet community about the transition of the
EFM-CU-MIB module from the concluded IETF Ethernet Interfaces and Hub
MIB Working Group to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 working group.

This document is a product of the Operations and Management Area Working Group Working Group of the IETF.

This is now a Proposed Standard.

STANDARDS TRACK: This document specifies an Internet standards track
protocol for the Internet community,and requests discussion and suggestions
for improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the Internet
Official Protocol Standards (STD 1) for the standardization state and
status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

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Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2014 15:47:09 -0900
From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
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Cc: Edward Beili <EdwardB@actelis.com>
Subject: [OPSAWG] Fwd: RFC 7124 on Ethernet in the First Mile Copper (EFMCu) Interfaces MIB
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5066bis has just been published.  Many thanks to Ed, and
to the reviewers who put so much time into this.

Melinda


-------- Original Message --------
Subject: [OPSAWG] RFC 7124 on Ethernet in the First Mile Copper (EFMCu)
Interfaces MIB
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2014 16:32:17 -0800 (PST)
From: rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org
To: ietf-announce@ietf.org, rfc-dist@rfc-editor.org
CC: drafts-update-ref@iana.org, opsawg@ietf.org, rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org

A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.


        RFC 7124

        Title:      Ethernet in the First Mile
                    Copper (EFMCu) Interfaces MIB
        Author:     E. Beili
        Status:     Standards Track
        Stream:     IETF
        Date:       February 2014
        Mailbox:    edward.beili@actelis.com
        Pages:      6
        Characters: 12123
        Updates:    RFC 5066

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-opsawg-rfc5066bis-07.txt

        URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7124.txt

This document updates RFC 5066.  It amends that specification by
informing the Internet community about the transition of the
EFM-CU-MIB module from the concluded IETF Ethernet Interfaces and Hub
MIB Working Group to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 working group.

This document is a product of the Operations and Management Area Working
Group Working Group of the IETF.

This is now a Proposed Standard.

STANDARDS TRACK: This document specifies an Internet standards track
protocol for the Internet community,and requests discussion and suggestions
for improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the Internet
Official Protocol Standards (STD 1) for the standardization state and
status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in CAPWAP
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--047d7b343f9a66ef5404f31db871
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1

Hello all,

The control/data channel separation of CAPWAP is a very useful deployment
use case for operators.
In that sense, I support the adoption of this draft and I do not see there
is overlap/conflict with the already adopted CAPWAP extension drafts.

Cheers,
Dapeng Liu
2014-02-19 9:00 GMT+08:00 Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>:

> Please note that Rajesh is planning to ask for working
> group adoption of this document.  Please give it a read
> and provide feedback on this mailing list.  Particularly
> interested in the question of how well it meshes with
> CAPWAP documents we've already adopted.
>
> Melinda
>
>
>
> -------- Original Message --------
> Subject:        [OPSAWG] Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in
> CAPWAP
> Date:   Tue, 18 Feb 2014 22:10:10 +0000
> From:   Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan) <rpazhyan@cisco.com>
> To:     opsawg@ietf.org <opsawg@ietf.org>
>
>
>
> Hello
>
> We have a submitted a new version of Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for
> Data Frames in
> CAPWAP,_http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-zhang-opsawg-capwap-cds/_.
>
> Abstract
>
>    In centralized IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
>    architecture, the Access Controller (AC) isn't intelligent enough
>    actually to aggregate all the wireless frames, even the bandwidth
>    requirement in the access point is increasing.  Thus it is a general
>    case in the existing operator's network that WTPs forward the
>    wireless frames directly to Access Router (AR) to avoid overload on
>    the AC.  In this scenario, CAPWAP Control Channel and CAPWAP Data
>    Channel are separated from each other.  This document extends CAPWAP
>    for applicability of CAPWAP Control and Data Channel separation.
>
>
> We received some questions and suggestions from Dan Romascanu and John
> Kaippallimalil on the mailing list on the previous draft. We have
> attempted to address them in this draft. Specifically,
>
>  1. How does this draft address signaling, discovery mechanisms related
>     to setting up alternate tunnel. (ans. Tunneling protocols like
>     L2TPv3, IP/GRE (PMIPv6) already have a signaling mechanism. This
>     draft focuses on specifying the tunnel type and provides a container
>     to hold message elements)
>  2. Need for alternate tunnel encapsulation (given the existence of
>     defined mode with local bridging)
>
>
> We would like to get it adopted as a working group item and would like
> feedback on whether we are on track.
>
>
> thanks
>
> Regards
>
> Rajesh
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>
>


-- 

------
Best Regards,
Dapeng Liu

--047d7b343f9a66ef5404f31db871
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr">Hello all,<div><br></div><div>The control/data channel sep=
aration of CAPWAP is a very useful deployment use case for operators.</div>=
<div>In that sense, I support the adoption of this draft and I do not see t=
here is overlap/conflict with the already adopted CAPWAP extension drafts.<=
/div>
<div><br></div><div>
Cheers,</div><div>Dapeng Liu</div><div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><div clas=
s=3D"gmail_quote">2014-02-19 9:00 GMT+08:00 Melinda Shore <span dir=3D"ltr"=
>&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:melinda.shore@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">melinda.s=
hore@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span>:<br>


<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Please note that Rajesh is planning to ask f=
or working<br>
group adoption of this document. =A0Please give it a read<br>
and provide feedback on this mailing list. =A0Particularly<br>
interested in the question of how well it meshes with<br>
CAPWAP documents we&#39;ve already adopted.<br>
<br>
Melinda<br>
<div><br>
<br>
<br>
-------- Original Message --------<br>
Subject: =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0[OPSAWG] Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Fr=
ames in CAPWAP<br>
Date: =A0 Tue, 18 Feb 2014 22:10:10 +0000<br>
From: =A0 Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan) &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:rpazhyan@cisco=
.com" target=3D"_blank">rpazhyan@cisco.com</a>&gt;<br>
To: =A0 =A0 <a href=3D"mailto:opsawg@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">opsawg@iet=
f.org</a> &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:opsawg@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">opsawg@i=
etf.org</a>&gt;<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Hello<br>
<br>
We have a submitted a new version of Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for<br>
Data Frames in<br>
</div>CAPWAP,_<a href=3D"http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-zhang-opsawg=
-capwap-cds/_" target=3D"_blank">http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-zhan=
g-opsawg-capwap-cds/_</a>.<br>
<div><br>
Abstract<br>
<br>
=A0 =A0In centralized IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)<br>
=A0 =A0architecture, the Access Controller (AC) isn&#39;t intelligent enoug=
h<br>
=A0 =A0actually to aggregate all the wireless frames, even the bandwidth<br=
>
=A0 =A0requirement in the access point is increasing. =A0Thus it is a gener=
al<br>
=A0 =A0case in the existing operator&#39;s network that WTPs forward the<br=
>
=A0 =A0wireless frames directly to Access Router (AR) to avoid overload on<=
br>
=A0 =A0the AC. =A0In this scenario, CAPWAP Control Channel and CAPWAP Data<=
br>
=A0 =A0Channel are separated from each other. =A0This document extends CAPW=
AP<br>
=A0 =A0for applicability of CAPWAP Control and Data Channel separation.<br>
<br>
<br>
We received some questions and suggestions from Dan Romascanu and John<br>
Kaippallimalil on the mailing list on the previous draft. We have<br>
attempted to address them in this draft. Specifically,<br>
<br>
</div>=A01. How does this draft address signaling, discovery mechanisms rel=
ated<br>
<div>=A0 =A0 to setting up alternate tunnel. (ans. Tunneling protocols like=
<br>
=A0 =A0 L2TPv3, IP/GRE (PMIPv6) already have a signaling mechanism. This<br=
>
=A0 =A0 draft focuses on specifying the tunnel type and provides a containe=
r<br>
=A0 =A0 to hold message elements)<br>
</div>=A02. Need for alternate tunnel encapsulation (given the existence of=
<br>
<div><div>=A0 =A0 defined mode with local bridging)<br>
<br>
<br>
We would like to get it adopted as a working group item and would like<br>
feedback on whether we are on track.<br>
<br>
<br>
thanks<br>
<br>
Regards<br>
<br>
Rajesh<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</div></div><br>_______________________________________________<br>
OPSAWG mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">OPSAWG@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg" target=3D"_blank">=
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br><br>----=
--<br>Best Regards,<br>Dapeng Liu
</div></div></div>

--047d7b343f9a66ef5404f31db871--


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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frame in CAPWAP
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Hi, all. I have read through the draft and here are some comment.

This draft addresses on two shortcomings of the current CAPWAP.=20
1) the current one does not allow the WTP to tunnel data frames to an
endpoint other than AC;
2) it does not allow the WTP to tunnel data frames using any =
encapsulation
other than CAPWAP.
This draft presents a case in which the WTP may have the requirement to
tunnel a frame to an AR but not an AC. Moreover, when tunneling to an =
AR,
the choice of tunnel encapsulation may be extended to other types, such =
as
L2TP, L2TPv3, IP-in-IP, IP/GRE and etc.. The authors further describe =
how
the WTP can be configured with this alternate tunnel. The suggested
procedure to establish the alternate tunnel encapsulation is also =
presented.

The case presented in the draft is quite clear, and the solution of
alternate tunnel encapsulation in the draft is quite straightforward.
Therefore, I support for working group adoption.


Best regards!
Qiao Fu

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Today's Topics:

   1.  Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in
      CAPWAP (Melinda Shore)


----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2014 16:00:00 -0900
From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
To: "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Subject: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames
	in	CAPWAP
Message-ID: <53040210.4090709@gmail.com>
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Please note that Rajesh is planning to ask for working
group adoption of this document.  Please give it a read
and provide feedback on this mailing list.  Particularly
interested in the question of how well it meshes with
CAPWAP documents we've already adopted.

Melinda



-------- Original Message --------
Subject: 	[OPSAWG] Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in
CAPWAP
Date: 	Tue, 18 Feb 2014 22:10:10 +0000
From: 	Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan) <rpazhyan@cisco.com>
To: 	opsawg@ietf.org <opsawg@ietf.org>



Hello

We have a submitted a new version of Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for
Data Frames in
CAPWAP,_http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-zhang-opsawg-capwap-cds/_.

Abstract

   In centralized IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
   architecture, the Access Controller (AC) isn't intelligent enough
   actually to aggregate all the wireless frames, even the bandwidth
   requirement in the access point is increasing.  Thus it is a general
   case in the existing operator's network that WTPs forward the
   wireless frames directly to Access Router (AR) to avoid overload on
   the AC.  In this scenario, CAPWAP Control Channel and CAPWAP Data
   Channel are separated from each other.  This document extends CAPWAP
   for applicability of CAPWAP Control and Data Channel separation.


We received some questions and suggestions from Dan Romascanu and John
Kaippallimalil on the mailing list on the previous draft. We have
attempted to address them in this draft. Specifically,

 1. How does this draft address signaling, discovery mechanisms related
    to setting up alternate tunnel. (ans. Tunneling protocols like
    L2TPv3, IP/GRE (PMIPv6) already have a signaling mechanism. This
    draft focuses on specifying the tunnel type and provides a container
    to hold message elements)
 2. Need for alternate tunnel encapsulation (given the existence of
    defined mode with local bridging)


We would like to get it adopted as a working group item and would like
feedback on whether we are on track.


thanks

Regards

Rajesh



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--_000_5D36713D8A4E7348A7E10DF7437A4B923AE0AF70nkgeml512mbxchi_--


From nobody Sun Feb 23 22:43:49 2014
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Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2014 21:43:41 -0900
From: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in CAPWAP
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We have not yet put out a call for adoption.  At this point we're
trying to get a handle on relevance and quality.  To that end,
discussion is very useful, statements of support less so.

Melinda


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From: "Romascanu, Dan (Dan)" <dromasca@avaya.com>
To: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in CAPWAP
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References: <4ED2E36A22261145861BAB2C24088B4320F5A67C@xmb-aln-x09.cisco.com> <53040210.4090709@gmail.com> <CAKcc6AcgY59X5+6MNyikXSuE0zfeo4VC+Ru-6AJ3YexTjJb8mQ@mail.gmail.com> <5D36713D8A4E7348A7E10DF7437A4B923AE0AF70@nkgeml512-mbx.china.huawei.com> <530AEA1D.3000008@gmail.com>
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Cc: "mmanig@gmail.com" <mmanig@gmail.com>, Dorothy Stanley <DStanley@arubanetworks.com>
Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in CAPWAP
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Hi,

I understand the need and I support discussing this work in OPSAWG.=20

This being said - the change proposed by this document looks like a signifi=
cant addition to the CAPWAP architecture. I personally need to do more read=
ing to understand how it fits into the current architecture, how it impacts=
 existing WTPs and ARs, and whether there is a need for a migration or coex=
istence plans in existing deployments of CAPWAP (if such deployments exist)=
. Function of the responses this may or may not represent more the usual 'i=
ncremental development' we do in OPSAWG. I would like to hear also the opin=
ions of IEEE 802.11 experts and of folks who were involved in the original =
CAPWAP work ( I copied Dorothy and Mani, there are more)

Thanks and Regards,

Dan


> -----Original Message-----
> From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Melinda
> Shore
> Sent: Monday, February 24, 2014 8:44 AM
> To: opsawg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames
> in CAPWAP
>=20
> We have not yet put out a call for adoption.  At this point we're trying =
to get a
> handle on relevance and quality.  To that end, discussion is very useful,
> statements of support less so.
>=20
> Melinda
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg


From nobody Mon Feb 24 01:15:50 2014
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Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2014 10:15:08 +0100
From: Stefan Winter <stefan.winter@restena.lu>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] EAP configuration metadata draft
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Hello,

my draft does not involve writable MIB modules, so it seems to be hard
to get some attention.

So, let me just add another data point to this, hoping I can stir up
some responses:

Firefox OS is showing interest in a) a standard way of configuring EAP;
b) our spec in particular; so there is real-world demand out there.

There's a (long) bug report on the whole topic of
Enterprise-Wifi-or-not; and if yes, how to do it right.

https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3D775499

Greetings,

Stefan Winter


On 10.02.2014 13:53, Stefan Winter wrote:
> Hello,
>=20
> I would like to draw your attention to my submission of
> draft-winter-opsawg-eap-metadata-00 (
> http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-winter-opsawg-eap-metadata/ ).
>=20
> I would like to ask the community how they feel about this work - is it=

> needed, are we on the right track, etc.
>=20
> As a teaser for why our group thinks this piece of work is important an=
d
> useful, please see the beginning of the Problem Statement section,
> pasted here for your convenience:
>=20
> "The IETF has produced the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP,
>    [RFC3748] and numerous EAP methods (for example EAP-TTLS [RFC5281],
>    EAP-TLS [RFC5216] and [RFC5931]); the methods have many properties
>    which need to be setup on the EAP server and matched as configuratio=
n
>    items on the EAP peer for a secure EAP deployment.
>=20
>    Setting up these configuration items is comparatively easy if the
>    end-user devices which implement the EAP peer functionality are unde=
r
>    central administrative control, e.g. in closed enterprise
>    environments.  Group policies or device provisioning by the IT
>    department can push the settings to user devices.
>=20
>    In other environments, for example "BYOD" scenarios where users brin=
g
>    their own devices which are not under enterprise control, or in EAP-=

>    based WISP environments (see e.g. [HS20] and
>    [I-D.wierenga-ietf-eduroam]) where it is not desired neither for the=

>    ISP nor for his user that the device control is in the ISPs hands,
>    configuration of EAP is significantly harder as it has to be done by=

>    potentially very non-technical end users."
>=20
> There's plenty of proprietary approaches, they all vary in richness of
> expressability, most don't have complete public schemas or are even in
> binary with no explanations on how to construct them as an outsider.
>=20
> We find the lack of a public specification disturbing.
>=20
> It leads to duplication of efforts in numerous organisations,
> incompatiblities between the produced formats, and sometimes simply
> leads to bad quality specs.
>=20
> BTW, I have teased the list earlier (see my posting on 18 Dec 2013), an=
d
> already got an on-list response (as well as offline).
>=20
> I believe this warrants allocation of slot time in London, and I would
> at this point ask the chairs if it's possible to get 5 mins (more if yo=
u
> have plenty :-) ) to discuss the problem itself and the solution we've
> put together in this first draft.
>=20
> Greetings,
>=20
> Stefan Winter
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>=20


--=20
Stefan WINTER
Ingenieur de Recherche
Fondation RESTENA - R=E9seau T=E9l=E9informatique de l'Education National=
e et
de la Recherche
6, rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi
L-1359 Luxembourg

Tel: +352 424409 1
Fax: +352 422473

PGP key updated to 4096 Bit RSA - I will encrypt all mails if the
recipient's key is known to me

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Subject: [OPSAWG] Simplified Alternative to CAPWAP
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Dear all,

I've been following the recent CAPWAP activity on this list and
thought I should share some general thoughts on the protocol, and see
if there's interest in a broader approach.

The CAPWAP shortcomings discussed are similar to the problems
preventing us [1] from using it in our Software-Defined Networking
(SDN) architecture for IEEE 802.11 [2]:

1. CAPWAP was specified before separation of data, control and
management planes became the norm in networking architecture.
Unsurprisingly it provides very little separation of concern,
conflating everything from firmware updates to configuration of an
extra SSID.

2. CAPWAP attempts to provide provisioning/management functionality
that overlaps with other IETF standards track protocols, e.g. SNMP and
NETCONF/YANG, as well as other established management protocols such
as TR-069.

3. The separation of data and control planes that CAPWAP does provide
is IMHO incorrect: 802.1X key exchange is considered part of the
control plane but the derived encryption keys protect the data plane.
This doesn't matter when both control and data plane terminate in the
same location (the AC), but becomes a problem when they are separated
(encryption keys end up in a different place than the encrypted
data!).

4. CAPWAP leaves many options open to the implementer and is therefore
less interoperable than desired. To some extent this can be solved
with run-time negotiation, but such negotiation of security critical
aspects (such as where encryption keys are derived and kept) makes it
impossible to reason about the security of the system. This is less
than ideal IMHO.

5. CAPWAP (partly due to 1 and 2 above) depends excessively on details
in the IEEE 802.11 standard, with each amendment threatening to impact
the protocol.


We would be interested in specifying a simplified tunneling protocol
for IEEE 802.11 similar to Geneve [3], avoiding the above problems:

A. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined partitioning of
the IEEE 802.11 stack, with 802.1X authentication, key management and
encryption all implemented at the tunnel termination point for
security reasons.

B. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined frame format
relying only on a PHY-independent stable subset of IEEE 802.11,
ensuring compatibility with 11n/ac and (most likely) beyond.

C. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any
provisioning/management functionality, instead relying on SNMP,
NETCONF/YANG, TR-069 and similar.

D. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any control plane
functionality, instead remaining compatible with several
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) protocols for IEEE 802.11.

E. Each virtual access point in a multi-BSSID (and/or multi-radio)
access point should be treated as a separate entity associated with a
separate tunnel.


We see strong benefits to such a protocol from an extensibility [4],
flexibility [5] and security [6] perspective. If there is interest in
exploring this further please let me know.

Best regards,

Bj=C3=B6rn Smedman

1. http://www.anyfinetworks.com

2. http://anyfi.net and http://www.anyfinetworks.com/products

3. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00

4. http://anyfi.net/documentation#architecture

5. http://anyfi.net/documentation#a_how_it_all_fits_together

6. http://anyfi.net/documentation#i_security_model


From nobody Mon Feb 24 16:13:32 2014
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From: John Kaippallimalil <John.Kaippallimalil@huawei.com>
To: Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in	CAPWAP
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in CAPWAP
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Hi,
The problem this draft solves is described clearly, and I think that it fil=
ls a gap in the existing stds.

My questions on the previous version of the draft wrt tunnel failure, acces=
s router address, etc are all clarified here.=20
I like the approach in 2.2 and 2.3 with respect to specifying the tunnel ty=
pe/specification since it is simple enough and while providing sufficient f=
lexibility.

Section 2.1 - the figure and text help, but it would be good as the draft p=
rogresses to have a bit more of detail/clarity in the description.=20

Best Regards,
John=20



> -----Original Message-----
> From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Melinda
> Shore
> Sent: Tuesday, February 18, 2014 7:00 PM
> To: opsawg@ietf.org
> Subject: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames
> in CAPWAP
>=20
> Please note that Rajesh is planning to ask for working group adoption
> of this document.  Please give it a read and provide feedback on this
> mailing list.  Particularly interested in the question of how well it
> meshes with CAPWAP documents we've already adopted.
>=20
> Melinda
>=20
>=20
>=20
> -------- Original Message --------
> Subject: 	[OPSAWG] Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in
> CAPWAP
> Date: 	Tue, 18 Feb 2014 22:10:10 +0000
> From: 	Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan) <rpazhyan@cisco.com>
> To: 	opsawg@ietf.org <opsawg@ietf.org>
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Hello
>=20
> We have a submitted a new version of Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for
> Data Frames in CAPWAP,_http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-zhang-
> opsawg-capwap-cds/_.
>=20
> Abstract
>=20
>    In centralized IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
>    architecture, the Access Controller (AC) isn't intelligent enough
>    actually to aggregate all the wireless frames, even the bandwidth
>    requirement in the access point is increasing.  Thus it is a general
>    case in the existing operator's network that WTPs forward the
>    wireless frames directly to Access Router (AR) to avoid overload on
>    the AC.  In this scenario, CAPWAP Control Channel and CAPWAP Data
>    Channel are separated from each other.  This document extends CAPWAP
>    for applicability of CAPWAP Control and Data Channel separation.
>=20
>=20
> We received some questions and suggestions from Dan Romascanu and John
> Kaippallimalil on the mailing list on the previous draft. We have
> attempted to address them in this draft. Specifically,
>=20
>  1. How does this draft address signaling, discovery mechanisms related
>     to setting up alternate tunnel. (ans. Tunneling protocols like
>     L2TPv3, IP/GRE (PMIPv6) already have a signaling mechanism. This
>     draft focuses on specifying the tunnel type and provides a
> container
>     to hold message elements)
>  2. Need for alternate tunnel encapsulation (given the existence of
>     defined mode with local bridging)
>=20
>=20
> We would like to get it adopted as a working group item and would like
> feedback on whether we are on track.
>=20
>=20
> thanks
>=20
> Regards
>=20
> Rajesh
>=20
>=20


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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Simplified Alternative to CAPWAP
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Hi Rajesh,

On Tue, Feb 25, 2014 at 1:29 AM, Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan)
<rpazhyan@cisco.com> wrote:
>
> Thanks for the well captured email.  Would like to explore more about wha=
t
> you are suggesting.

Thanks, it's much appreciated.

> In the meanwhile,
>
> > 3. The separation of data and control planes that CAPWAP does provide i=
s
> > IMHO incorrect: 802.1X key exchange is considered part of the control p=
lane
> > but the derived encryption keys protect the data plane.
> > This doesn't matter when both control and data plane terminate in the s=
ame
> > location (the AC), but becomes a problem when they are separated (encry=
ption
> > keys end up in a different place than the encrypted data!).
>
> Technically speaking, 802.1X protects the 802.11 frames and does not have
> anything to do CAPWAP Data channel. The Data channel is protected using
> DTLS. It is conceivable that 1) the tunnel mode is encapsulating 802.11
> frames (instead of 802.3 frames) and 2) CAPWAP-Data is not encrypted and =
3)
> 802.11 encryption is happening at the AC instead of AP. When all three
> conditions hold, what you are saying is true: 802.1X is indeed protecting
> the data plane.

True, in CAPWAP it's a border case that 802.1X key exchange and 802.11
encryption protects the user data plane all the way from the mobile
STA to the AC. But I think there are strong reasons to make this the
default:

* DTLS cannot protect the user data plane inside the WTP. If 802.11
encryption keys and clear-text user data is available inside the WTP
and the WTP is not physically protected then (at least from a
theoretical perspective) the integrity and confidentiality of the data
plane cannot be trusted.

* DTLS encryption is also wasteful: encrypted 802.11 data frames come
in over the air, are unencrypted in the WTP and then encrypted again
with DTLS.

* DTLS also provides authentication, but to me it makes little sense
to authenticate an untrusted party. If the WTP can be under the
physical control of an attacker, then there is no point in
authenticating it against a digital certificate stored in the WTP.

IMHO encrypting the CAPWAP-Data channel with DTLS and authenticating
the WTP is borderline "security by obscurity" in that it relies on an
attacker not being able to gain access to WTP memory. This assumption
may have been relatively true in the corporate WLAN environment that
CAPWAP was designed for, but it's less and less true for carrier Wi-Fi
deployments.

When on the other hand the 802.11 encryption is relied upon to protect
the user data plane the WTP is simply excluded from the security
equation: Even an attacker in complete control of the WTP is no threat
to the integrity or confidentiality of the user data plane (since they
have access to nothing more than the encrypted 802.11 frames which are
also available from the air). That also means there's no real need to
authenticate the WTP, and the security model is greatly simplified.

> > A. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined partitioning of th=
e
> > IEEE 802.11 stack, with 802.1X authentication, key management and encry=
ption
> > all implemented at the tunnel termination point for security reasons.
>
> By this I am assuming that you want encryption at the Tunnel termination
> point rather than the AP. What is motivating this, given that all APs (th=
at
> I know of) implement 802.11 encryption and if security is needed between =
AP
> and Tunnel termination point then one could use IPSEC or DTLS.

Yes, if piecewise security is sufficient then there are a multitude of
IETF protocols to chose from. But if end-to-end 802.11 encryption all
the way from the mobile STA to a trusted location (e.g. a
service/access router in the network core) is desired then there is
nothing in the IETF playbook except a border case of CAPWAP, which
comes with an entangled control and provisioning/management plane.

Best regards,

Bj=C3=B6rn

> -----Original Message-----
> From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Bj=C3=B6rn Sme=
dman
> Sent: Monday, February 24, 2014 2:57 PM
> To: opsawg@ietf.org
> Subject: [OPSAWG] Simplified Alternative to CAPWAP
>
> Dear all,
>
> I've been following the recent CAPWAP activity on this list and thought I
> should share some general thoughts on the protocol, and see if there's
> interest in a broader approach.
>
> The CAPWAP shortcomings discussed are similar to the problems preventing =
us
> [1] from using it in our Software-Defined Networking
> (SDN) architecture for IEEE 802.11 [2]:
>
> 1. CAPWAP was specified before separation of data, control and management
> planes became the norm in networking architecture.
> Unsurprisingly it provides very little separation of concern, conflating
> everything from firmware updates to configuration of an extra SSID.
>
> 2. CAPWAP attempts to provide provisioning/management functionality that
> overlaps with other IETF standards track protocols, e.g. SNMP and
> NETCONF/YANG, as well as other established management protocols such as
> TR-069.
>
> 3. The separation of data and control planes that CAPWAP does provide is
> IMHO incorrect: 802.1X key exchange is considered part of the control pla=
ne
> but the derived encryption keys protect the data plane.
> This doesn't matter when both control and data plane terminate in the sam=
e
> location (the AC), but becomes a problem when they are separated (encrypt=
ion
> keys end up in a different place than the encrypted data!).
>
> 4. CAPWAP leaves many options open to the implementer and is therefore le=
ss
> interoperable than desired. To some extent this can be solved with run-ti=
me
> negotiation, but such negotiation of security critical aspects (such as
> where encryption keys are derived and kept) makes it impossible to reason
> about the security of the system. This is less than ideal IMHO.
>
> 5. CAPWAP (partly due to 1 and 2 above) depends excessively on details in
> the IEEE 802.11 standard, with each amendment threatening to impact the
> protocol.
>
>
> We would be interested in specifying a simplified tunneling protocol for
> IEEE 802.11 similar to Geneve [3], avoiding the above problems:
>
> A. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined partitioning of the
> IEEE 802.11 stack, with 802.1X authentication, key management and encrypt=
ion
> all implemented at the tunnel termination point for security reasons.
>
> B. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined frame format relying
> only on a PHY-independent stable subset of IEEE 802.11, ensuring
> compatibility with 11n/ac and (most likely) beyond.
>
> C. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any provisioning/managemen=
t
> functionality, instead relying on SNMP, NETCONF/YANG, TR-069 and similar.
>
> D. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any control plane
> functionality, instead remaining compatible with several Software-Defined
> Networking (SDN) protocols for IEEE 802.11.
>
> E. Each virtual access point in a multi-BSSID (and/or multi-radio) access
> point should be treated as a separate entity associated with a separate
> tunnel.
>
>
> We see strong benefits to such a protocol from an extensibility [4],
> flexibility [5] and security [6] perspective. If there is interest in
> exploring this further please let me know.
>
> Best regards,
>
> Bj=C3=B6rn Smedman
>
> 1. http://www.anyfinetworks.com
>
> 2. http://anyfi.net and http://www.anyfinetworks.com/products
>
> 3. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00
>
> 4. http://anyfi.net/documentation#architecture
>
> 5. http://anyfi.net/documentation#a_how_it_all_fits_together
>
> 6. http://anyfi.net/documentation#i_security_model
>
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>


From nobody Mon Feb 24 22:29:43 2014
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From: "Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan)" <rpazhyan@cisco.com>
To: =?utf-8?B?QmrDtnJuIFNtZWRtYW4=?= <bjorn.smedman@anyfinetworks.com>
Thread-Topic: [OPSAWG] Simplified Alternative to CAPWAP
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From: "Cao,Zhen" <zehn.cao@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Simplified Alternative to CAPWAP
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Hello, Bjorn,

Appreciate your analysis.

> True, in CAPWAP it's a border case that 802.1X key exchange and 802.11
> encryption protects the user data plane all the way from the mobile
> STA to the AC. But I think there are strong reasons to make this the
> default:

But I do not agree here. The 802.11 key only protect the data from STA
to WTP, NOT the AC, both in local MAC and also one option in the split
model.  http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5416#section-2.2.2

-Zhen


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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Simplified Alternative to CAPWAP
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Hi Zhen,

On Tue, Feb 25, 2014 at 9:27 AM, Cao,Zhen <zehn.cao@gmail.com> wrote:
> Appreciate your analysis.

Thanks, likewise.

>> True, in CAPWAP it's a border case that 802.1X key exchange and 802.11
>> encryption protects the user data plane all the way from the mobile
>> STA to the AC. But I think there are strong reasons to make this the
>> default:
>
> But I do not agree here. The 802.11 key only protect the data from STA
> to WTP, NOT the AC, both in local MAC and also one option in the split
> model.  http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5416#section-2.2.2

I share your understanding that in the CAPWAP Local MAC mode, and most
implementations of Split MAC, the 802.11 key only protects user data
between STA and WTP. But what I'm saying is that this is unfortunate.

In the corporate WLAN environment for which CAPWAP was originally
designed there is an assumption that WTPs and the Distribution System
(DS) are physically protected, by doors, badges and security
personnel. If somebody gets through those protections and can access
the WTP or DS then there are other things to worry about.

But in a carrier Wi-Fi environment this assumption no-longer holds
true. WTPs are installed in coffee shops, restaurants, stadiums and
even fixed-line subscriber homes (as a "second SSID" on a residential
gateway). There is ample opportunity for an attacker to go to work on
a WTP, perhaps even in the privacy of their own home.

If a single one of those WTPs is compromised (and CAPWAP mode is Local
MAC or Split MAC with encryption in WTP) then there is no-longer any
guarantee of user plane integrity or confidentiality for users of that
WTP. But perhaps more alarmingly there is now also a gaping hole in
the mutual authentication property of IEEE 802.11i, which means that
all users of the wireless network are opened up to possible
man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack [1]. If you combine this fact with
automatic SIM authentication and global roaming the potential impact
is significant.

This is the reason we insist on always implementing both 802.11
encryption and 802.1X authentication at the tunnel termination point
(e.g. an access router) in our SDWN architecture [2]. Unlike the WTP
the tunnel termination point can often be physically protected. This
provides strong guarantees of user data plane integrity and
confidentiality, and also protects the mutual authentication property
of the underlying IEEE 802.11i security mechanism.

Best regards,

Bj=C3=B6rn

1. This risk of MITM in a "secure" Wi-Fi network may not be entirely
obvious. We explain this risk when an attacker has access to
authentication credentials/interface here:
http://anyfi.net/documentation#i_mutual_authentication. The same
reasoning however holds true if the attacker can forward IEEE 802.11
frames between a targeted device and a CAPWAP AC, and get the 802.11
key from that AC (as in
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5416#section-6.15).

2. http://anyfi.net/documentation#a_data_plane


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Dear Melinda, Benoit, Dan, the RFC editor and all reviewers,
Thank you for your help and patience.

Regards,
-E.

Edward Beili | Chief Architect & Network Technologist | w: +972-73-237-6852=
| edward.beili@actelis.com | Actelis Networks | www.actelis.com



-----Original Message-----
From: Melinda Shore [mailto:melinda.shore@gmail.com]=20
Sent: Saturday, February 22, 2014 02:47
To: opsawg@ietf.org
Cc: Edward Beili
Subject: Fwd: [OPSAWG] RFC 7124 on Ethernet in the First Mile Copper (EFMCu=
) Interfaces MIB

5066bis has just been published.  Many thanks to Ed, and to the reviewers w=
ho put so much time into this.

Melinda


-------- Original Message --------
Subject: [OPSAWG] RFC 7124 on Ethernet in the First Mile Copper (EFMCu) Int=
erfaces MIB
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2014 16:32:17 -0800 (PST)
From: rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org
To: ietf-announce@ietf.org, rfc-dist@rfc-editor.org
CC: drafts-update-ref@iana.org, opsawg@ietf.org, rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org

A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.


        RFC 7124

        Title:      Ethernet in the First Mile
                    Copper (EFMCu) Interfaces MIB
        Author:     E. Beili
        Status:     Standards Track
        Stream:     IETF
        Date:       February 2014
        Mailbox:    edward.beili@actelis.com
        Pages:      6
        Characters: 12123
        Updates:    RFC 5066

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-opsawg-rfc5066bis-07.txt

        URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7124.txt

This document updates RFC 5066.  It amends that specification by informing =
the Internet community about the transition of the EFM-CU-MIB module from t=
he concluded IETF Ethernet Interfaces and Hub MIB Working Group to the Inst=
itute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 working group.

This document is a product of the Operations and Management Area Working Gr=
oup Working Group of the IETF.

This is now a Proposed Standard.

STANDARDS TRACK: This document specifies an Internet standards track protoc=
ol for the Internet community,and requests discussion and suggestions for i=
mprovements.  Please refer to the current edition of the Internet Official =
Protocol Standards (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this=
 protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

This announcement is sent to the IETF-Announce and rfc-dist lists.
To subscribe or unsubscribe, see
  http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ietf-announce
  http://mailman.rfc-editor.org/mailman/listinfo/rfc-dist

For searching the RFC series, see http://www.rfc-editor.org/search For down=
loading RFCs, see http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc.html

Requests for special distribution should be addressed to either the author =
of the RFC in question, or to rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org.  Unless specifical=
ly noted otherwise on the RFC itself, all RFCs are for unlimited distributi=
on.


The RFC Editor Team
Association Management Solutions, LLC


_______________________________________________
OPSAWG mailing list
OPSAWG@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg



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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Fwd: RFC 7124 on Ethernet in the First Mile Copper (EFMCu) Interfaces MIB
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On 22/02/2014 01:47, Melinda Shore wrote:
> 5066bis has just been published.  Many thanks to Ed, and
> to the reviewers who put so much time into this.
+1

Regards, Benoit
>
> Melinda
>
>
> -------- Original Message --------
> Subject: [OPSAWG] RFC 7124 on Ethernet in the First Mile Copper (EFMCu)
> Interfaces MIB
> Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2014 16:32:17 -0800 (PST)
> From: rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org
> To: ietf-announce@ietf.org, rfc-dist@rfc-editor.org
> CC: drafts-update-ref@iana.org, opsawg@ietf.org, rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org
>
> A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.
>
>
>          RFC 7124
>
>          Title:      Ethernet in the First Mile
>                      Copper (EFMCu) Interfaces MIB
>          Author:     E. Beili
>          Status:     Standards Track
>          Stream:     IETF
>          Date:       February 2014
>          Mailbox:    edward.beili@actelis.com
>          Pages:      6
>          Characters: 12123
>          Updates:    RFC 5066
>
>          I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-opsawg-rfc5066bis-07.txt
>
>          URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7124.txt
>
> This document updates RFC 5066.  It amends that specification by
> informing the Internet community about the transition of the
> EFM-CU-MIB module from the concluded IETF Ethernet Interfaces and Hub
> MIB Working Group to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics
> Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 working group.
>
> This document is a product of the Operations and Management Area Working
> Group Working Group of the IETF.
>
> This is now a Proposed Standard.
>
> STANDARDS TRACK: This document specifies an Internet standards track
> protocol for the Internet community,and requests discussion and suggestions
> for improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the Internet
> Official Protocol Standards (STD 1) for the standardization state and
> status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
>
> This announcement is sent to the IETF-Announce and rfc-dist lists.
> To subscribe or unsubscribe, see
>    http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ietf-announce
>    http://mailman.rfc-editor.org/mailman/listinfo/rfc-dist
>
> For searching the RFC series, see http://www.rfc-editor.org/search
> For downloading RFCs, see http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc.html
>
> Requests for special distribution should be addressed to either the
> author of the RFC in question, or to rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org.  Unless
> specifically noted otherwise on the RFC itself, all RFCs are for
> unlimited distribution.
>
>
> The RFC Editor Team
> Association Management Solutions, LLC
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
> .
>


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From: "Romascanu, Dan (Dan)" <dromasca@avaya.com>
To: Edward Beili <EdwardB@actelis.com>, Melinda Shore <melinda.shore@gmail.com>, "Benoit Claise (bclaise@cisco.com)" <bclaise@cisco.com>
Thread-Topic: [OPSAWG] RFC 7124 on Ethernet in the First Mile Copper (EFMCu) Interfaces MIB
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Thanks to you, Ed and congratulations for the publication!

Regards,

Dan


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Edward Beili [mailto:EdwardB@actelis.com]
> Sent: Tuesday, February 25, 2014 3:37 PM
> To: Melinda Shore; Benoit Claise (bclaise@cisco.com); Romascanu, Dan (Dan=
)
> Cc: opsawg@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [OPSAWG] RFC 7124 on Ethernet in the First Mile Copper
> (EFMCu) Interfaces MIB
>=20
> Dear Melinda, Benoit, Dan, the RFC editor and all reviewers, Thank you fo=
r
> your help and patience.
>=20
> Regards,
> -E.
>=20
> Edward Beili | Chief Architect & Network Technologist | w: +972-73-237-
> 6852| edward.beili@actelis.com | Actelis Networks | www.actelis.com
>=20
>=20
>=20
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Melinda Shore [mailto:melinda.shore@gmail.com]
> Sent: Saturday, February 22, 2014 02:47
> To: opsawg@ietf.org
> Cc: Edward Beili
> Subject: Fwd: [OPSAWG] RFC 7124 on Ethernet in the First Mile Copper
> (EFMCu) Interfaces MIB
>=20
> 5066bis has just been published.  Many thanks to Ed, and to the reviewers
> who put so much time into this.
>=20
> Melinda
>=20
>=20
> -------- Original Message --------
> Subject: [OPSAWG] RFC 7124 on Ethernet in the First Mile Copper (EFMCu)
> Interfaces MIB
> Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2014 16:32:17 -0800 (PST)
> From: rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org
> To: ietf-announce@ietf.org, rfc-dist@rfc-editor.org
> CC: drafts-update-ref@iana.org, opsawg@ietf.org, rfc-editor@rfc-editor.or=
g
>=20
> A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.
>=20
>=20
>         RFC 7124
>=20
>         Title:      Ethernet in the First Mile
>                     Copper (EFMCu) Interfaces MIB
>         Author:     E. Beili
>         Status:     Standards Track
>         Stream:     IETF
>         Date:       February 2014
>         Mailbox:    edward.beili@actelis.com
>         Pages:      6
>         Characters: 12123
>         Updates:    RFC 5066
>=20
>         I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-opsawg-rfc5066bis-07.txt
>=20
>         URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7124.txt
>=20
> This document updates RFC 5066.  It amends that specification by informin=
g
> the Internet community about the transition of the EFM-CU-MIB module
> from the concluded IETF Ethernet Interfaces and Hub MIB Working Group to
> the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 workin=
g
> group.
>=20
> This document is a product of the Operations and Management Area
> Working Group Working Group of the IETF.
>=20
> This is now a Proposed Standard.
>=20
> STANDARDS TRACK: This document specifies an Internet standards track
> protocol for the Internet community,and requests discussion and
> suggestions for improvements.  Please refer to the current edition of the
> Internet Official Protocol Standards (STD 1) for the standardization stat=
e and
> status of this protocol.  Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
>=20
> This announcement is sent to the IETF-Announce and rfc-dist lists.
> To subscribe or unsubscribe, see
>   http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ietf-announce
>   http://mailman.rfc-editor.org/mailman/listinfo/rfc-dist
>=20
> For searching the RFC series, see http://www.rfc-editor.org/search For
> downloading RFCs, see http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc.html
>=20
> Requests for special distribution should be addressed to either the autho=
r of
> the RFC in question, or to rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org.  Unless specificall=
y noted
> otherwise on the RFC itself, all RFCs are for unlimited distribution.
>=20
>=20
> The RFC Editor Team
> Association Management Solutions, LLC
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>=20


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Thread-Topic: [OPSAWG] Simplified Alternative to CAPWAP
Thread-Index: AQHPMbPgQtd3dWdjMUewmYg0xTSiXZrFGNzwgACBJoCAAG38AIAAUnsA///bPFA=
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2014 17:18:17 +0000
Message-ID: <4ED2E36A22261145861BAB2C24088B4320F5E1E9@xmb-aln-x09.cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Simplified Alternative to CAPWAP
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Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2014 14:12:45 -0600
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From: Behcet Sarikaya <sarikaya2012@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Simplified Alternative to CAPWAP
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Hi Bjorn,




On Mon, Feb 24, 2014 at 4:57 PM, Bj=F6rn Smedman <
bjorn.smedman@anyfinetworks.com> wrote:

> Dear all,
>
> I've been following the recent CAPWAP activity on this list and
> thought I should share some general thoughts on the protocol, and see
> if there's interest in a broader approach.
>
> The CAPWAP shortcomings discussed are similar to the problems
> preventing us [1] from using it in our Software-Defined Networking
> (SDN) architecture for IEEE 802.11 [2]:
>
>
Where in IEEE 802.11 is this happening?
Your link [2] is pointing to your company's evaluation system.

As far as I know, in IEEE 802, SDN work is being pursued in 802.16.



> 1. CAPWAP was specified before separation of data, control and
> management planes became the norm in networking architecture.
> Unsurprisingly it provides very little separation of concern,
> conflating everything from firmware updates to configuration of an
> extra SSID.
>
> 2. CAPWAP attempts to provide provisioning/management functionality
> that overlaps with other IETF standards track protocols, e.g. SNMP and
> NETCONF/YANG, as well as other established management protocols such
> as TR-069.
>
>
This is good point I think. But TR-069 is not ready for prime time yet.



> 3. The separation of data and control planes that CAPWAP does provide
> is IMHO incorrect: 802.1X key exchange is considered part of the
> control plane but the derived encryption keys protect the data plane.
> This doesn't matter when both control and data plane terminate in the
> same location (the AC), but becomes a problem when they are separated
> (encryption keys end up in a different place than the encrypted
> data!).
>
> 4. CAPWAP leaves many options open to the implementer and is therefore
> less interoperable than desired. To some extent this can be solved
> with run-time negotiation, but such negotiation of security critical
> aspects (such as where encryption keys are derived and kept) makes it
> impossible to reason about the security of the system. This is less
> than ideal IMHO.
>
> 5. CAPWAP (partly due to 1 and 2 above) depends excessively on details
> in the IEEE 802.11 standard, with each amendment threatening to impact
> the protocol.
>
>
> We would be interested in specifying a simplified tunneling protocol
> for IEEE 802.11 similar to Geneve [3], avoiding the above problems:
>
>
Geneve seems to be derived from VXLAN or NVGRE.
Is this correct?



> A. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined partitioning of
> the IEEE 802.11 stack, with 802.1X authentication, key management and
> encryption all implemented at the tunnel termination point for
> security reasons.
>
> B. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined frame format
> relying only on a PHY-independent stable subset of IEEE 802.11,
> ensuring compatibility with 11n/ac and (most likely) beyond.
>
> C. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any
> provisioning/management functionality, instead relying on SNMP,
> NETCONF/YANG, TR-069 and similar.
>
> D. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any control plane
> functionality, instead remaining compatible with several
> Software-Defined Networking (SDN) protocols for IEEE 802.11.
>
>
Any pointers on this?

Regards,

Behcet


> E. Each virtual access point in a multi-BSSID (and/or multi-radio)
> access point should be treated as a separate entity associated with a
> separate tunnel.
>
>
> We see strong benefits to such a protocol from an extensibility [4],
> flexibility [5] and security [6] perspective. If there is interest in
> exploring this further please let me know.
>
> Best regards,
>
> Bj=F6rn Smedman
>
> 1. http://www.anyfinetworks.com
>
> 2. http://anyfi.net and http://www.anyfinetworks.com/products
>
> 3. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00
>
> 4. http://anyfi.net/documentation#architecture
>
> 5. http://anyfi.net/documentation#a_how_it_all_fits_together
>
> 6. http://anyfi.net/documentation#i_security_model
>
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>

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Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
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<div dir=3D"ltr">Hi Bjorn,<br><br><br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br><d=
iv class=3D"gmail_quote">On Mon, Feb 24, 2014 at 4:57 PM, Bj=F6rn Smedman <=
span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:bjorn.smedman@anyfinetworks.com" tar=
get=3D"_blank">bjorn.smedman@anyfinetworks.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Dear all,<br>
<br>
I&#39;ve been following the recent CAPWAP activity on this list and<br>
thought I should share some general thoughts on the protocol, and see<br>
if there&#39;s interest in a broader approach.<br>
<br>
The CAPWAP shortcomings discussed are similar to the problems<br>
preventing us [1] from using it in our Software-Defined Networking<br>
(SDN) architecture for IEEE 802.11 [2]:<br>
<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Where in IEEE 802.11 is this happening=
?<br></div><div>Your link [2] is pointing to your company&#39;s evaluation =
system.<br><br></div><div>As far as I know, in IEEE 802, SDN work is being =
pursued in 802.16.<br>
<br>=A0<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8=
ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
1. CAPWAP was specified before separation of data, control and<br>
management planes became the norm in networking architecture.<br>
Unsurprisingly it provides very little separation of concern,<br>
conflating everything from firmware updates to configuration of an<br>
extra SSID.<br>
<br>
2. CAPWAP attempts to provide provisioning/management functionality<br>
that overlaps with other IETF standards track protocols, e.g. SNMP and<br>
NETCONF/YANG, as well as other established management protocols such<br>
as TR-069.<br>
<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>This is good point I think. But TR-069=
 is not ready for prime time yet.<br><br>=A0<br></div><blockquote class=3D"=
gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-=
left:1ex">

3. The separation of data and control planes that CAPWAP does provide<br>
is IMHO incorrect: 802.1X key exchange is considered part of the<br>
control plane but the derived encryption keys protect the data plane.<br>
This doesn&#39;t matter when both control and data plane terminate in the<b=
r>
same location (the AC), but becomes a problem when they are separated<br>
(encryption keys end up in a different place than the encrypted<br>
data!).<br>
<br>
4. CAPWAP leaves many options open to the implementer and is therefore<br>
less interoperable than desired. To some extent this can be solved<br>
with run-time negotiation, but such negotiation of security critical<br>
aspects (such as where encryption keys are derived and kept) makes it<br>
impossible to reason about the security of the system. This is less<br>
than ideal IMHO.<br>
<br>
5. CAPWAP (partly due to 1 and 2 above) depends excessively on details<br>
in the IEEE 802.11 standard, with each amendment threatening to impact<br>
the protocol.<br>
<br>
<br>
We would be interested in specifying a simplified tunneling protocol<br>
for IEEE 802.11 similar to Geneve [3], avoiding the above problems:<br>
<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Geneve seems to be derived from VXLAN =
or NVGRE.<br></div><div>Is this correct?<br><br>=A0<br></div><blockquote cl=
ass=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;p=
adding-left:1ex">

A. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined partitioning of<br>
the IEEE 802.11 stack, with 802.1X authentication, key management and<br>
encryption all implemented at the tunnel termination point for<br>
security reasons.<br>
<br>
B. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined frame format<br>
relying only on a PHY-independent stable subset of IEEE 802.11,<br>
ensuring compatibility with 11n/ac and (most likely) beyond.<br>
<br>
C. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any<br>
provisioning/management functionality, instead relying on SNMP,<br>
NETCONF/YANG, TR-069 and similar.<br>
<br>
D. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any control plane<br>
functionality, instead remaining compatible with several<br>
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) protocols for IEEE 802.11.<br>
<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Any pointers on this?<br><br></div><di=
v>Regards,<br><br></div><div>Behcet<br>=A0<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gm=
ail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-le=
ft:1ex">

E. Each virtual access point in a multi-BSSID (and/or multi-radio)<br>
access point should be treated as a separate entity associated with a<br>
separate tunnel.<br>
<br>
<br>
We see strong benefits to such a protocol from an extensibility [4],<br>
flexibility [5] and security [6] perspective. If there is interest in<br>
exploring this further please let me know.<br>
<br>
Best regards,<br>
<br>
Bj=F6rn Smedman<br>
<br>
1. <a href=3D"http://www.anyfinetworks.com" target=3D"_blank">http://www.an=
yfinetworks.com</a><br>
<br>
2. <a href=3D"http://anyfi.net" target=3D"_blank">http://anyfi.net</a> and =
<a href=3D"http://www.anyfinetworks.com/products" target=3D"_blank">http://=
www.anyfinetworks.com/products</a><br>
<br>
3. <a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00" target=3D"_=
blank">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00</a><br>
<br>
4. <a href=3D"http://anyfi.net/documentation#architecture" target=3D"_blank=
">http://anyfi.net/documentation#architecture</a><br>
<br>
5. <a href=3D"http://anyfi.net/documentation#a_how_it_all_fits_together" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">http://anyfi.net/documentation#a_how_it_all_fits_together</=
a><br>
<br>
6. <a href=3D"http://anyfi.net/documentation#i_security_model" target=3D"_b=
lank">http://anyfi.net/documentation#i_security_model</a><br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
OPSAWG mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org">OPSAWG@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg" target=3D"_blank">=
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a><br>
</blockquote></div><br></div></div>

--001a11c3fd101e9e3904f340b6e0--


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From: =?UTF-8?Q?Bj=C3=B6rn_Smedman?= <bjorn.smedman@anyfinetworks.com>
To: "Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan)" <rpazhyan@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Simplified Alternative to CAPWAP
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Hi Rajesh,

On Tue, Feb 25, 2014 at 7:29 AM, Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan)
<rpazhyan@cisco.com> wrote:
> > Yes, if piecewise security is sufficient then there are a multitude of =
IETF
> > protocols to chose from. But if end-to-end 802.11 encryption all the wa=
y
> > from the mobile STA to a trusted location (e.g. a service/access router=
 in
> > the network core) is desired then there is nothing in the IETF playbook
> > except a border case of CAPWAP, which comes with an entangled control a=
nd
> > provisioning/management plane.
>
> Okay, I understand the problem statement much better.
> Can you explain the part about =E2=80=9Centangled control=E2=80=9D.  Is t=
his because in the
> existing CAPWAP model, 802.1X is always handled by the AC (even if the da=
ta
> channel is tunneled to another AR) and you want 802.1X to be handled by t=
he
> Tunnel Termination Gateway.

Yes, my thinking is that 802.1X and (other) 802.11 data should ideally
terminate in the same location - essentially because in the case I
care most dearly about the 802.11 data frames are encrypted with the
802.11 key derived as part of the 802.1X authentication. To me it just
makes sense that encryption and authentication terminate in the same
place, so that the entity that gets my clear-text data is the entity
that I have actually authenticated. But there's of course also a
practical issue: if encrypted 802.11 frames end up in the AR but
802.11 key is in the AC... well you get the point.

But what I meant with my comment above was more about how CAPWAP
bundles everything into a single protocol, so if I want to use CAPWAP
for tunneling between WTP and AC/AR/whatever then I also have to
consider what my WTP will do if it receives the CAPWAP firmware update
command... Imagine if IPSEC, L2oGRE and Geneve all came with a
firmware update command and there was no alternative... That's what I
mean with "entangled control and provisioning/management": there's no
clean tunneling protocol for 802.11 that does only that - so we've had
to implement our own [1].

Best regards,

Bj=C3=B6rn

1. http://anyfi.net/documentation#a_data_plane

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Bj=C3=B6rn Smedman [mailto:bjorn.smedman@anyfinetworks.com]
> Sent: Monday, February 24, 2014 5:54 PM
> To: Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan)
> Cc: opsawg@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Simplified Alternative to CAPWAP
>
> Hi Rajesh,
>
> On Tue, Feb 25, 2014 at 1:29 AM, Rajesh Pazhyannur (rpazhyan)
> <rpazhyan@cisco.com> wrote:
>>
>> Thanks for the well captured email.  Would like to explore more about
>> what you are suggesting.
>
> Thanks, it's much appreciated.
>
>> In the meanwhile,
>>
>> > 3. The separation of data and control planes that CAPWAP does
>> > provide is IMHO incorrect: 802.1X key exchange is considered part of
>> > the control plane but the derived encryption keys protect the data
>> > plane.
>> > This doesn't matter when both control and data plane terminate in
>> > the same location (the AC), but becomes a problem when they are
>> > separated (encryption keys end up in a different place than the
>> > encrypted data!).
>>
>> Technically speaking, 802.1X protects the 802.11 frames and does not
>> have anything to do CAPWAP Data channel. The Data channel is protected
>> using DTLS. It is conceivable that 1) the tunnel mode is encapsulating
>> 802.11 frames (instead of 802.3 frames) and 2) CAPWAP-Data is not
>> encrypted and 3)
>> 802.11 encryption is happening at the AC instead of AP. When all three
>> conditions hold, what you are saying is true: 802.1X is indeed
>> protecting the data plane.
>
> True, in CAPWAP it's a border case that 802.1X key exchange and 802.11
> encryption protects the user data plane all the way from the mobile STA t=
o
> the AC. But I think there are strong reasons to make this the
> default:
>
> * DTLS cannot protect the user data plane inside the WTP. If 802.11
> encryption keys and clear-text user data is available inside the WTP and =
the
> WTP is not physically protected then (at least from a theoretical
> perspective) the integrity and confidentiality of the data plane cannot b=
e
> trusted.
>
> * DTLS encryption is also wasteful: encrypted 802.11 data frames come in
> over the air, are unencrypted in the WTP and then encrypted again with DT=
LS.
>
> * DTLS also provides authentication, but to me it makes little sense to
> authenticate an untrusted party. If the WTP can be under the physical
> control of an attacker, then there is no point in authenticating it again=
st
> a digital certificate stored in the WTP.
>
> IMHO encrypting the CAPWAP-Data channel with DTLS and authenticating the =
WTP
> is borderline "security by obscurity" in that it relies on an attacker no=
t
> being able to gain access to WTP memory. This assumption may have been
> relatively true in the corporate WLAN environment that CAPWAP was designe=
d
> for, but it's less and less true for carrier Wi-Fi deployments.
>
> When on the other hand the 802.11 encryption is relied upon to protect th=
e
> user data plane the WTP is simply excluded from the security
> equation: Even an attacker in complete control of the WTP is no threat to
> the integrity or confidentiality of the user data plane (since they have
> access to nothing more than the encrypted 802.11 frames which are also
> available from the air). That also means there's no real need to
> authenticate the WTP, and the security model is greatly simplified.
>
>> > A. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined partitioning of
>> > the IEEE 802.11 stack, with 802.1X authentication, key management
>> > and encryption all implemented at the tunnel termination point for
>> > security reasons.
>>
>> By this I am assuming that you want encryption at the Tunnel
>> termination point rather than the AP. What is motivating this, given
>> that all APs (that I know of) implement 802.11 encryption and if
>> security is needed between AP and Tunnel termination point then one coul=
d
>> use IPSEC or DTLS.
>
> Yes, if piecewise security is sufficient then there are a multitude of IE=
TF
> protocols to chose from. But if end-to-end 802.11 encryption all the way
> from the mobile STA to a trusted location (e.g. a service/access router i=
n
> the network core) is desired then there is nothing in the IETF playbook
> except a border case of CAPWAP, which comes with an entangled control and
> provisioning/management plane.
>
> Best regards,
>
> Bj=C3=B6rn
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Bj=C3=B6rn
>> Smedman
>> Sent: Monday, February 24, 2014 2:57 PM
>> To: opsawg@ietf.org
>> Subject: [OPSAWG] Simplified Alternative to CAPWAP
>>
>> Dear all,
>>
>> I've been following the recent CAPWAP activity on this list and
>> thought I should share some general thoughts on the protocol, and see
>> if there's interest in a broader approach.
>>
>> The CAPWAP shortcomings discussed are similar to the problems
>> preventing us [1] from using it in our Software-Defined Networking
>> (SDN) architecture for IEEE 802.11 [2]:
>>
>> 1. CAPWAP was specified before separation of data, control and
>> management planes became the norm in networking architecture.
>> Unsurprisingly it provides very little separation of concern,
>> conflating everything from firmware updates to configuration of an extra
>> SSID.
>>
>> 2. CAPWAP attempts to provide provisioning/management functionality
>> that overlaps with other IETF standards track protocols, e.g. SNMP and
>> NETCONF/YANG, as well as other established management protocols such
>> as TR-069.
>>
>> 3. The separation of data and control planes that CAPWAP does provide
>> is IMHO incorrect: 802.1X key exchange is considered part of the
>> control plane but the derived encryption keys protect the data plane.
>> This doesn't matter when both control and data plane terminate in the
>> same location (the AC), but becomes a problem when they are separated
>> (encryption keys end up in a different place than the encrypted data!).
>>
>> 4. CAPWAP leaves many options open to the implementer and is therefore
>> less interoperable than desired. To some extent this can be solved
>> with run-time negotiation, but such negotiation of security critical
>> aspects (such as where encryption keys are derived and kept) makes it
>> impossible to reason about the security of the system. This is less than
>> ideal IMHO.
>>
>> 5. CAPWAP (partly due to 1 and 2 above) depends excessively on details
>> in the IEEE 802.11 standard, with each amendment threatening to impact
>> the protocol.
>>
>>
>> We would be interested in specifying a simplified tunneling protocol
>> for IEEE 802.11 similar to Geneve [3], avoiding the above problems:
>>
>> A. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined partitioning of
>> the IEEE 802.11 stack, with 802.1X authentication, key management and
>> encryption all implemented at the tunnel termination point for security
>> reasons.
>>
>> B. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined frame format
>> relying only on a PHY-independent stable subset of IEEE 802.11,
>> ensuring compatibility with 11n/ac and (most likely) beyond.
>>
>> C. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any
>> provisioning/management functionality, instead relying on SNMP,
>> NETCONF/YANG, TR-069 and similar.
>>
>> D. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any control plane
>> functionality, instead remaining compatible with several
>> Software-Defined Networking (SDN) protocols for IEEE 802.11.
>>
>> E. Each virtual access point in a multi-BSSID (and/or multi-radio)
>> access point should be treated as a separate entity associated with a
>> separate tunnel.
>>
>>
>> We see strong benefits to such a protocol from an extensibility [4],
>> flexibility [5] and security [6] perspective. If there is interest in
>> exploring this further please let me know.
>>
>> Best regards,
>>
>> Bj=C3=B6rn Smedman
>>
>> 1. http://www.anyfinetworks.com
>>
>> 2. http://anyfi.net and http://www.anyfinetworks.com/products
>>
>> 3. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00
>>
>> 4. http://anyfi.net/documentation#architecture
>>
>> 5. http://anyfi.net/documentation#a_how_it_all_fits_together
>>
>> 6. http://anyfi.net/documentation#i_security_model
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> OPSAWG mailing list
>> OPSAWG@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>>
>


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Hi Behcet,

Thanks for your comments.

On Tue, Feb 25, 2014 at 9:12 PM, Behcet Sarikaya <sarikaya2012@gmail.com> w=
rote:
> On Mon, Feb 24, 2014 at 4:57 PM, Bj=C3=B6rn Smedman <bjorn.smedman@anyfin=
etworks.com> wrote:
>> The CAPWAP shortcomings discussed are similar to the problems
>> preventing us [1] from using it in our Software-Defined Networking
>> (SDN) architecture for IEEE 802.11 [2]:
>>
>
> Where in IEEE 802.11 is this happening?
> Your link [2] is pointing to your company's evaluation system.
>
> As far as I know, in IEEE 802, SDN work is being pursued in 802.16.

Our architecture is compliant with the IEEE 802.11 standard as-is, so
we've seen little reason to get involved with the IEEE so far.

The work within 802.16 seems more focused on 802.3 SDN. Ours is an
overlay architecture based on tunneling 802.11 over IP (using our
implementation of the here proposed protocol). Think Contrail meets
the here proposed tunneling protocol and has a baby. ;)

Long term we think the same split that you have for 802.3 SDN would
make sense: IETF standards track for the data plane tunneling protocol
(Geneve equivalent), separate standardization process for the control
plane (OpenFlow / Open Networking Foundation equivalent).

>> 1. CAPWAP was specified before separation of data, control and
>> management planes became the norm in networking architecture.
>> Unsurprisingly it provides very little separation of concern,
>> conflating everything from firmware updates to configuration of an
>> extra SSID.
>>
>> 2. CAPWAP attempts to provide provisioning/management functionality
>> that overlaps with other IETF standards track protocols, e.g. SNMP and
>> NETCONF/YANG, as well as other established management protocols such
>> as TR-069.
>>
>
> This is good point I think. But TR-069 is not ready for prime time yet.

With all its shortcomings it's still widely deployed for managing
residential gateways (fixed-line braodband CPE). We come across it a
great deal in the field.

>> 3. The separation of data and control planes that CAPWAP does provide
>> is IMHO incorrect: 802.1X key exchange is considered part of the
>> control plane but the derived encryption keys protect the data plane.
>> This doesn't matter when both control and data plane terminate in the
>> same location (the AC), but becomes a problem when they are separated
>> (encryption keys end up in a different place than the encrypted
>> data!).
>>
>> 4. CAPWAP leaves many options open to the implementer and is therefore
>> less interoperable than desired. To some extent this can be solved
>> with run-time negotiation, but such negotiation of security critical
>> aspects (such as where encryption keys are derived and kept) makes it
>> impossible to reason about the security of the system. This is less
>> than ideal IMHO.
>>
>> 5. CAPWAP (partly due to 1 and 2 above) depends excessively on details
>> in the IEEE 802.11 standard, with each amendment threatening to impact
>> the protocol.
>>
>>
>> We would be interested in specifying a simplified tunneling protocol
>> for IEEE 802.11 similar to Geneve [3], avoiding the above problems:
>>
>
> Geneve seems to be derived from VXLAN or NVGRE.
> Is this correct?

Yes, they're all essentially tunneling protocols for 802.3. What we're
proposing is an IETF standard tunneling protocol for 802.11.

>> A. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined partitioning of
>> the IEEE 802.11 stack, with 802.1X authentication, key management and
>> encryption all implemented at the tunnel termination point for
>> security reasons.
>>
>> B. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined frame format
>> relying only on a PHY-independent stable subset of IEEE 802.11,
>> ensuring compatibility with 11n/ac and (most likely) beyond.
>>
>> C. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any
>> provisioning/management functionality, instead relying on SNMP,
>> NETCONF/YANG, TR-069 and similar.
>>
>> D. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any control plane
>> functionality, instead remaining compatible with several
>> Software-Defined Networking (SDN) protocols for IEEE 802.11.
>>
>
> Any pointers on this?

See Geneve draft section 2.1 Control Plane Independence
(http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00#section-2.1).

There's no explicit mention of "Management Plane Independence", e.g.
for firmware updates and similar, but I'd say it's just an implicit
requirement on a tunneling protocol, taken for granted.

>> E. Each virtual access point in a multi-BSSID (and/or multi-radio)
>> access point should be treated as a separate entity associated with a
>> separate tunnel.
>>
>>
>> We see strong benefits to such a protocol from an extensibility [4],
>> flexibility [5] and security [6] perspective. If there is interest in
>> exploring this further please let me know.
>>
>> Best regards,
>>
>> Bj=C3=B6rn Smedman
>>
>> 1. http://www.anyfinetworks.com
>>
>> 2. http://anyfi.net and http://www.anyfinetworks.com/products
>>
>> 3. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00
>>
>> 4. http://anyfi.net/documentation#architecture
>>
>> 5. http://anyfi.net/documentation#a_how_it_all_fits_together
>>
>> 6. http://anyfi.net/documentation#i_security_model
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> OPSAWG mailing list
>> OPSAWG@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>
>


From nobody Wed Feb 26 08:02:47 2014
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Changed milestone "Initial submission for the 'IF-CAP-STACK-MIB MIB
module' Internet-Draft", resolved as "Done", added
draft-ietf-opsawg-rfc5066bis to milestone.

Changed milestone "Submit the 'IF-CAP-STACK-MIB MIB module'
Internet-Draft to the IESG for consideration as Proposed Standard",
resolved as "Done", added draft-ietf-opsawg-rfc5066bis to milestone.

URL: http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/opsawg/charter/


From nobody Wed Feb 26 12:56:16 2014
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From: Behcet Sarikaya <sarikaya2012@gmail.com>
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Hi Bjorn,

Thanks for your reply, see my comments inline.



On Wed, Feb 26, 2014 at 9:12 AM, Bj=F6rn Smedman <
bjorn.smedman@anyfinetworks.com> wrote:

> Hi Behcet,
>
> Thanks for your comments.
>
> On Tue, Feb 25, 2014 at 9:12 PM, Behcet Sarikaya <sarikaya2012@gmail.com>
> wrote:
> > On Mon, Feb 24, 2014 at 4:57 PM, Bj=F6rn Smedman <
> bjorn.smedman@anyfinetworks.com> wrote:
> >> The CAPWAP shortcomings discussed are similar to the problems
> >> preventing us [1] from using it in our Software-Defined Networking
> >> (SDN) architecture for IEEE 802.11 [2]:
> >>
> >
> > Where in IEEE 802.11 is this happening?
> > Your link [2] is pointing to your company's evaluation system.
> >
> > As far as I know, in IEEE 802, SDN work is being pursued in 802.16.
>
> Our architecture is compliant with the IEEE 802.11 standard as-is, so
> we've seen little reason to get involved with the IEEE so far.
>
>
IEEE has SDN BoFs during face to face meetings to bring together all people
interested in SDN, so 802.11 people also attend these meetings.


> The work within 802.16 seems more focused on 802.3 SDN. Ours is an
> overlay architecture based on tunneling 802.11 over IP (using our
> implementation of the here proposed protocol). Think Contrail meets
> the here proposed tunneling protocol and has a baby. ;)
>
> Long term we think the same split that you have for 802.3 SDN would
> make sense: IETF standards track for the data plane tunneling protocol
> (Geneve equivalent), separate standardization process for the control
> plane (OpenFlow / Open Networking Foundation equivalent).
>
> >> 1. CAPWAP was specified before separation of data, control and
> >> management planes became the norm in networking architecture.
> >> Unsurprisingly it provides very little separation of concern,
> >> conflating everything from firmware updates to configuration of an
> >> extra SSID.
> >>
> >> 2. CAPWAP attempts to provide provisioning/management functionality
> >> that overlaps with other IETF standards track protocols, e.g. SNMP and
> >> NETCONF/YANG, as well as other established management protocols such
> >> as TR-069.
> >>
> >
> > This is good point I think. But TR-069 is not ready for prime time yet.
>
> With all its shortcomings it's still widely deployed for managing
> residential gateways (fixed-line braodband CPE). We come across it a
> great deal in the field.
>
>
Yes it is widely used.


> >> 3. The separation of data and control planes that CAPWAP does provide
> >> is IMHO incorrect: 802.1X key exchange is considered part of the
> >> control plane but the derived encryption keys protect the data plane.
> >> This doesn't matter when both control and data plane terminate in the
> >> same location (the AC), but becomes a problem when they are separated
> >> (encryption keys end up in a different place than the encrypted
> >> data!).
> >>
> >> 4. CAPWAP leaves many options open to the implementer and is therefore
> >> less interoperable than desired. To some extent this can be solved
> >> with run-time negotiation, but such negotiation of security critical
> >> aspects (such as where encryption keys are derived and kept) makes it
> >> impossible to reason about the security of the system. This is less
> >> than ideal IMHO.
> >>
> >> 5. CAPWAP (partly due to 1 and 2 above) depends excessively on details
> >> in the IEEE 802.11 standard, with each amendment threatening to impact
> >> the protocol.
> >>
> >>
> >> We would be interested in specifying a simplified tunneling protocol
> >> for IEEE 802.11 similar to Geneve [3], avoiding the above problems:
> >>
> >
> > Geneve seems to be derived from VXLAN or NVGRE.
> > Is this correct?
>
> Yes, they're all essentially tunneling protocols for 802.3. What we're
> proposing is an IETF standard tunneling protocol for 802.11.
>
>
I checked the Geneve draft. Sorry but I could not see much difference
between Geneve and VXLAN. In Geneve you have Variable Length Options but
that could be added to VXLAN easily.
So I don't understand your argument that Geneve (by the way I like the name
in French :-) ) is for 802.11 and VXLAN is for 802.3?


VXLAN is becoming an RFC, you have all the reasons to use it, rather than
reinventing the wheel.

I am also having trouble in how Geneve will be used? The way I understand
from you is it is going to be used between AP and AC as a tunneling
protocol instead of CAPWAP tunnel.
Then why does an AP need a VNI?
I think you are envisioning a virtualized AP in a VM? Then it makes sense.



> >> A. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined partitioning of
> >> the IEEE 802.11 stack, with 802.1X authentication, key management and
> >> encryption all implemented at the tunnel termination point for
> >> security reasons.
> >>
> >> B. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined frame format
> >> relying only on a PHY-independent stable subset of IEEE 802.11,
> >> ensuring compatibility with 11n/ac and (most likely) beyond.
> >>
> >> C. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any
> >> provisioning/management functionality, instead relying on SNMP,
> >> NETCONF/YANG, TR-069 and similar.
> >>
> >> D. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any control plane
> >> functionality, instead remaining compatible with several
> >> Software-Defined Networking (SDN) protocols for IEEE 802.11.
> >>
> >
> > Any pointers on this?
>
> See Geneve draft section 2.1 Control Plane Independence
> (http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00#section-2.1).
>
>
See my comments on Geneve above.


> There's no explicit mention of "Management Plane Independence", e.g.
> for firmware updates and similar, but I'd say it's just an implicit
> requirement on a tunneling protocol, taken for granted.
>
>
Since Management Plane is different, how do you handle that? I am confused.

 Regards,

Behcet

> >> E. Each virtual access point in a multi-BSSID (and/or multi-radio)
> >> access point should be treated as a separate entity associated with a
> >> separate tunnel.
> >>
> >>
> >> We see strong benefits to such a protocol from an extensibility [4],
> >> flexibility [5] and security [6] perspective. If there is interest in
> >> exploring this further please let me know.
> >>
> >> Best regards,
> >>
> >> Bj=F6rn Smedman
> >>
> >> 1. http://www.anyfinetworks.com
> >>
> >> 2. http://anyfi.net and http://www.anyfinetworks.com/products
> >>
> >> 3. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00
> >>
> >> 4. http://anyfi.net/documentation#architecture
> >>
> >> 5. http://anyfi.net/documentation#a_how_it_all_fits_together
> >>
> >> 6. http://anyfi.net/documentation#i_security_model
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> OPSAWG mailing list
> >> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> >> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
> >
> >
>

--089e0160b99aa97ca704f3556e90
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>Hi Bjorn,<br><br></div>Thanks for your reply, see my =
comments inline.<br><br><div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br><div class=
=3D"gmail_quote">On Wed, Feb 26, 2014 at 9:12 AM, Bj=F6rn Smedman <span dir=
=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:bjorn.smedman@anyfinetworks.com" target=3D"_=
blank">bjorn.smedman@anyfinetworks.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-=
left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Hi Behcet,<br>
<br>
Thanks for your comments.<br>
<div class=3D""><br>
On Tue, Feb 25, 2014 at 9:12 PM, Behcet Sarikaya &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sari=
kaya2012@gmail.com">sarikaya2012@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; On Mon, Feb 24, 2014 at 4:57 PM, Bj=F6rn Smedman &lt;<a href=3D"mailto=
:bjorn.smedman@anyfinetworks.com">bjorn.smedman@anyfinetworks.com</a>&gt; w=
rote:<br>
</div><div class=3D"">&gt;&gt; The CAPWAP shortcomings discussed are simila=
r to the problems<br>
&gt;&gt; preventing us [1] from using it in our Software-Defined Networking=
<br>
&gt;&gt; (SDN) architecture for IEEE 802.11 [2]:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Where in IEEE 802.11 is this happening?<br>
&gt; Your link [2] is pointing to your company&#39;s evaluation system.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; As far as I know, in IEEE 802, SDN work is being pursued in 802.16.<br=
>
<br>
</div>Our architecture is compliant with the IEEE 802.11 standard as-is, so=
<br>
we&#39;ve seen little reason to get involved with the IEEE so far.<br>
<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>IEEE has SDN BoFs during face to face =
meetings to bring together all people interested in SDN, so 802.11 people a=
lso attend these meetings.<br>=A0<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote=
" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);=
padding-left:1ex">

The work within 802.16 seems more focused on 802.3 SDN. Ours is an<br>
overlay architecture based on tunneling 802.11 over IP (using our<br>
implementation of the here proposed protocol). Think Contrail meets<br>
the here proposed tunneling protocol and has a baby. ;)<br>
<br>
Long term we think the same split that you have for 802.3 SDN would<br>
make sense: IETF standards track for the data plane tunneling protocol<br>
(Geneve equivalent), separate standardization process for the control<br>
plane (OpenFlow / Open Networking Foundation equivalent).<br>
<div class=3D""><br>
&gt;&gt; 1. CAPWAP was specified before separation of data, control and<br>
&gt;&gt; management planes became the norm in networking architecture.<br>
&gt;&gt; Unsurprisingly it provides very little separation of concern,<br>
&gt;&gt; conflating everything from firmware updates to configuration of an=
<br>
&gt;&gt; extra SSID.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; 2. CAPWAP attempts to provide provisioning/management functionalit=
y<br>
&gt;&gt; that overlaps with other IETF standards track protocols, e.g. SNMP=
 and<br>
&gt;&gt; NETCONF/YANG, as well as other established management protocols su=
ch<br>
&gt;&gt; as TR-069.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; This is good point I think. But TR-069 is not ready for prime time yet=
.<br>
<br>
</div>With all its shortcomings it&#39;s still widely deployed for managing=
<br>
residential gateways (fixed-line braodband CPE). We come across it a<br>
great deal in the field.<br>
<div class=3D""><br></div></blockquote><div><br>Yes it is widely used.<br>=
=A0<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px =
0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div class=
=3D"">
&gt;&gt; 3. The separation of data and control planes that CAPWAP does prov=
ide<br>
&gt;&gt; is IMHO incorrect: 802.1X key exchange is considered part of the<b=
r>
&gt;&gt; control plane but the derived encryption keys protect the data pla=
ne.<br>
&gt;&gt; This doesn&#39;t matter when both control and data plane terminate=
 in the<br>
&gt;&gt; same location (the AC), but becomes a problem when they are separa=
ted<br>
&gt;&gt; (encryption keys end up in a different place than the encrypted<br=
>
&gt;&gt; data!).<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; 4. CAPWAP leaves many options open to the implementer and is there=
fore<br>
&gt;&gt; less interoperable than desired. To some extent this can be solved=
<br>
&gt;&gt; with run-time negotiation, but such negotiation of security critic=
al<br>
&gt;&gt; aspects (such as where encryption keys are derived and kept) makes=
 it<br>
&gt;&gt; impossible to reason about the security of the system. This is les=
s<br>
&gt;&gt; than ideal IMHO.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; 5. CAPWAP (partly due to 1 and 2 above) depends excessively on det=
ails<br>
&gt;&gt; in the IEEE 802.11 standard, with each amendment threatening to im=
pact<br>
&gt;&gt; the protocol.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; We would be interested in specifying a simplified tunneling protoc=
ol<br>
&gt;&gt; for IEEE 802.11 similar to Geneve [3], avoiding the above problems=
:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Geneve seems to be derived from VXLAN or NVGRE.<br>
&gt; Is this correct?<br>
<br>
</div>Yes, they&#39;re all essentially tunneling protocols for 802.3. What =
we&#39;re<br>
proposing is an IETF standard tunneling protocol for 802.11.<br>
<div class=3D""><br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I checked the Ge=
neve draft. Sorry but I could not see much difference between Geneve and VX=
LAN. In Geneve you have Variable Length Options but that could be added to =
VXLAN easily.<br>
</div><div>So I don&#39;t understand your argument that Geneve (by the way =
I like the name in French :-) ) is for 802.11 and VXLAN is for 802.3? <br><=
br></div><div><br>VXLAN is becoming an RFC, you have all the reasons to use=
 it, rather than reinventing the wheel.<br>
<br><div>I am also having trouble in how Geneve will be used? The way I=20
understand from you is it is going to be used between AP and AC as a=20
tunneling protocol instead of CAPWAP tunnel. <br></div>Then why does an AP =
need a VNI?<br></div><div>I think you are envisioning a virtualized AP in a=
 VM? Then it makes sense.<br><br></div><div>=A0<br></div><blockquote class=
=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rg=
b(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div class=3D"">
&gt;&gt; A. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined partitioning =
of<br>
&gt;&gt; the IEEE 802.11 stack, with 802.1X authentication, key management =
and<br>
&gt;&gt; encryption all implemented at the tunnel termination point for<br>
&gt;&gt; security reasons.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; B. The protocol should mandate a single well-defined frame format<=
br>
&gt;&gt; relying only on a PHY-independent stable subset of IEEE 802.11,<br=
>
&gt;&gt; ensuring compatibility with 11n/ac and (most likely) beyond.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; C. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any<br>
&gt;&gt; provisioning/management functionality, instead relying on SNMP,<br=
>
&gt;&gt; NETCONF/YANG, TR-069 and similar.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; D. Like Geneve the protocol should not provide any control plane<b=
r>
&gt;&gt; functionality, instead remaining compatible with several<br>
&gt;&gt; Software-Defined Networking (SDN) protocols for IEEE 802.11.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Any pointers on this?<br>
<br>
</div>See Geneve draft section 2.1 Control Plane Independence<br>
(<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00#section-2.1" t=
arget=3D"_blank">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00#section-2=
.1</a>).<br>
<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>See my comments on Geneve above.<br>=
=A0<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px =
0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
There&#39;s no explicit mention of &quot;Management Plane Independence&quot=
;, e.g.<br>
for firmware updates and similar, but I&#39;d say it&#39;s just an implicit=
<br>
requirement on a tunneling protocol, taken for granted.<br>
<div class=3D""><div class=3D"h5"><br></div></div></blockquote><div><br></d=
iv><div>Since Management Plane is different, how do you handle that? I am c=
onfused.<br><br></div><div>=A0Regards,<br><br></div><div>Behcet<br></div><b=
lockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-le=
ft:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div class=3D""><div class=3D"h5">
&gt;&gt; E. Each virtual access point in a multi-BSSID (and/or multi-radio)=
<br>
&gt;&gt; access point should be treated as a separate entity associated wit=
h a<br>
&gt;&gt; separate tunnel.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; We see strong benefits to such a protocol from an extensibility [4=
],<br>
&gt;&gt; flexibility [5] and security [6] perspective. If there is interest=
 in<br>
&gt;&gt; exploring this further please let me know.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Best regards,<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Bj=F6rn Smedman<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; 1. <a href=3D"http://www.anyfinetworks.com" target=3D"_blank">http=
://www.anyfinetworks.com</a><br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; 2. <a href=3D"http://anyfi.net" target=3D"_blank">http://anyfi.net=
</a> and <a href=3D"http://www.anyfinetworks.com/products" target=3D"_blank=
">http://www.anyfinetworks.com/products</a><br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; 3. <a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gross-geneve-00</a><br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; 4. <a href=3D"http://anyfi.net/documentation#architecture" target=
=3D"_blank">http://anyfi.net/documentation#architecture</a><br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; 5. <a href=3D"http://anyfi.net/documentation#a_how_it_all_fits_tog=
ether" target=3D"_blank">http://anyfi.net/documentation#a_how_it_all_fits_t=
ogether</a><br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; 6. <a href=3D"http://anyfi.net/documentation#i_security_model" tar=
get=3D"_blank">http://anyfi.net/documentation#i_security_model</a><br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; _______________________________________________<br>
&gt;&gt; OPSAWG mailing list<br>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org">OPSAWG@ietf.org</a><br>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg" target=3D=
"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a><br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div></div>

--089e0160b99aa97ca704f3556e90--


From nobody Wed Feb 26 15:40:47 2014
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From: "Adrian Farrel" <adrian@olddog.co.uk>
To: <Opsawg@ietf.org>
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2014 23:40:29 -0000
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Subject: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please
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Hi OPSAWG,

The MANET working group develops protocols for mobile and ad-hoc networks (some
of which are less mobile or less ad hoc than others).

After discussion with the IESG and specifically the OPS ADs, the WG has agreed
to try to put together some thoughts on management of these networks.

It's early days and the authors are not experienced in these ideas (so be
gentle!) but it seems important at this stage to see whether the work is going
in the right direction.

Could any of you find time to review and comment (on this list, on the MANET
list, direct to the authors, channelled through me)? All contributions will be
gratefully received.

The document is:
http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-management-snapshot/

Thanks,
Adrian


From nobody Wed Feb 26 18:59:56 2014
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From: "ietfdbh" <ietfdbh@comcast.net>
To: <adrian@olddog.co.uk>, <Opsawg@ietf.org>
References: <101901cf334c$23070f30$69152d90$@olddog.co.uk>
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Cc: manet-chairs@tools.ietf.org, draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-management-snapshot@tools.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please
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Hi,

The document claims to be a snapshot of how MANET networks are being managed
now.
I'm not quite sure what types of comments you want on the document, since
the authors have researched and are presumably knowledgeable about current
management practices for MANETs.
Are you looking for comments from operators of other MANET networks to
expand the documentation of existing management techniques?
Or are you looking for suggestions of ways that MANETs *could* be managed
differently?

RFC5706 may contain ideas regarding management and monitoring of protocols,
that could apply for eliciting additional input from operators about current
practices, or for eliciting suggestions of management approaches that might
apply to further work on management techniques that could be applied to
MANETs.

Given the "startup" nature of much of the MANET config, it definitely looks
like Netconf/YANG might be a better choice than RW MIB modules for
configuration (I suggest attending the OPSAWG meeting in London, since that
is already a planned topic of conversation).
Section 3 appears to be mostly about IP configuration and interface
configuration; there are netmod YANG modules for this purpose. 

Using standardized management would likely improve interoperability, if
interoperability is important. It may not seem that important for deployment
for internal management, but having a consistent management interface for an
NMS to use to debug internal deployments could be awfully helpful to
operators.

David Harrington
ietfdbh@comcast.net
+1-603-828-1401
> -----Original Message-----
> From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Adrian
> Farrel
> Sent: Wednesday, February 26, 2014 6:40 PM
> To: Opsawg@ietf.org
> Cc: manet-chairs@tools.ietf.org; draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-management-
> snapshot@tools.ietf.org
> Subject: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please
> 
> Hi OPSAWG,
> 
> The MANET working group develops protocols for mobile and ad-hoc
> networks (some
> of which are less mobile or less ad hoc than others).
> 
> After discussion with the IESG and specifically the OPS ADs, the WG has
> agreed
> to try to put together some thoughts on management of these networks.
> 
> It's early days and the authors are not experienced in these ideas (so be
> gentle!) but it seems important at this stage to see whether the work is
going
> in the right direction.
> 
> Could any of you find time to review and comment (on this list, on the
> MANET
> list, direct to the authors, channelled through me)? All contributions
will be
> gratefully received.
> 
> The document is:
> http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-management-
> snapshot/
> 
> Thanks,
> Adrian
> 
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg


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From: Juergen Schoenwaelder <j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de>
To: Adrian Farrel <adrian@olddog.co.uk>
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Mail-Followup-To: Adrian Farrel <adrian@olddog.co.uk>, Opsawg@ietf.org, manet-chairs@tools.ietf.org, draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-management-snapshot@tools.ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please
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On Wed, Feb 26, 2014 at 11:40:29PM +0000, Adrian Farrel wrote:

> Could any of you find time to review and comment (on this list, on
> the MANET list, direct to the authors, channelled through me)? All
> contributions will be gratefully received.

Out of curiosity, I would like to understand what the background
behind these statements is:

   "protocols such as SNMP (or possibly other, less "chatty",
    protocols)."

   In some deployments, the NMS communicates with individual routers by
   way of SNMP - and, more commonly, by way of "proprietary" simpler,
   less verbose and (often) less secure protocols, and over UDP.

Any pointers to such proprietary protocols? I am just wondering what
the network management communication patterns are that take place in
MANETs.

/js

-- 
Juergen Schoenwaelder           Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
Phone: +49 421 200 3587         Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
Fax:   +49 421 200 3103         <http://www.jacobs-university.de/>


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From: "Romascanu, Dan (Dan)" <dromasca@avaya.com>
To: "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [OPSAWG] Milestones changed for opsawg WG
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Hi,

There are a number of documents already adopted by the OPSAWG as WG documen=
ts that do not show up in the milestones. For example the VMM MIB, the *com=
an*, the *capwap* documents. Should not these also be added in the mileston=
es list?=20

Regards,

Dan


> -----Original Message-----
> From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of IETF
> Secretariat
> Sent: Tuesday, February 25, 2014 8:32 PM
> To: opsawg@ietf.org
> Subject: [OPSAWG] Milestones changed for opsawg WG
>=20
> Changed milestone "Initial submission for the 'IF-CAP-STACK-MIB MIB
> module' Internet-Draft", resolved as "Done", added draft-ietf-opsawg-
> rfc5066bis to milestone.
>=20
> Changed milestone "Submit the 'IF-CAP-STACK-MIB MIB module'
> Internet-Draft to the IESG for consideration as Proposed Standard", resol=
ved
> as "Done", added draft-ietf-opsawg-rfc5066bis to milestone.
>=20
> URL: http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/opsawg/charter/
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg


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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please
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Hello David,

Thank you for your remarks, and for engaging with & educating us here. =
It's really appreciated. Comments below....

On 27 Feb 2014, at 03:59, ietfdbh <ietfdbh@comcast.net> wrote:

> Hi,
>=20
> The document claims to be a snapshot of how MANET networks are being =
managed
> now.

More specifically, how MANETs running OLSR(v1 or v2) as routing protocol =
are being managed.

> I'm not quite sure what types of comments you want on the document, =
since
> the authors have researched and are presumably knowledgeable about =
current
> management practices for MANETs.

We actually do not claim to document what is done in MANETs in general - =
there are routing protocols other than OLSR(v1 or v2) out there, albeit =
less widely deployed, which are operating with a very different =
architecture, and which the authors of this document suspect would have =
(in some cases, significantly) different management practices.

> Are you looking for comments from operators of other MANET networks to
> expand the documentation of existing management techniques?
> Or are you looking for suggestions of ways that MANETs *could* be =
managed
> differently?

Good question ;)

This document came to be as the OPS ADs asked us to "document how you're =
actually currently managing MANETs", as part of their processing of MIBs =
for the different protocols (notably OLSRv2 and NHDP - which is a =
constituent, but independent, protocol to OLSRv2). One of the triggering =
comments was from Benoit Claise (can't find a public link to quote him, =
so it may have been in a conversation), another was Ron Bonica's (which =
is in the tracker for what became RFC6779 here: =
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc6779/ballot/):

	This document fails to provide use cases. Because it doesn't =
provide use cases,
	it is not clear that any/all of its objects are useful.

	While this comment might be leveled concerning regarding MIB, it =
is
	particularly applicable in this case because we have so little =
operational
	experience with ad hoc networks. Will the ad hoc network include =
a NOC? What
	policy will that NOC attempt to enforce? What =
information/control will the NOC
	need to enforce that policy.
So, we set forth to document what we know about how the ad hoc networks =
that we know are actually being managed, asking those building/operating =
such networks, and trying to generalise from that. There are actually =
quite a few operators of "highly managed ad hoc networks" out there - =
sadly, those networks are typically "tactical networks" and so it is =
rather difficult to get their operators to be particularly forthcoming =
about specifics...

Therefore, in part, the question that we would like to ask from the OPS =
experts is: does this document make any sense to you? Is what's in there =
of any (educational, or otherwise) value? Anything that you feel is =
missing, or where more information would be helpful? With reference to =
Ron's comment quoted above, does this document provide necessary context =
for understanding what may come out of the MANET wg in an operational =
frame?

Now, if opsawg has a bunch of stealthy MANET operators subscribed, whom =
we do not know about already, then we'd *love* to make friends get =
comments and feedback as to how they're doing things. So please, anyone =
with MANET experience do come forward....

And yes, any suggestions as to "how can we do better/differently?" are =
always highly welcome. We're just routing guys, who recognise the need =
for network management - but, who also recognise that we just are =
routing guys and that we better be attentive to domain-expert advice.

> RFC5706 may contain ideas regarding management and monitoring of =
protocols,
> that could apply for eliciting additional input from operators about =
current
> practices, or for eliciting suggestions of management approaches that =
might
> apply to further work on management techniques that could be applied =
to
> MANETs.

Now, THAT was an RFC that I wasn't aware of, but which seems (after a =
quick skim-through) to be hugely interesting. I'll definitely give that =
a careful read-through on my way to London. Thank you for that pointer.=20=


> Given the "startup" nature of much of the MANET config, it definitely =
looks
> like Netconf/YANG might be a better choice than RW MIB modules for
> configuration (I suggest attending the OPSAWG meeting in London, since =
that
> is already a planned topic of conversation).

And again, that was a very good pointer, and I'll make sure to be there. =
Thanks.

Now, there's something to be said for the way in which we designed =
OLSRv2: essentially, ad-hoc networks are intended to be very =
"autonomous", that's how they often are deployed.=20

There's very little that *requires* global agreement (off the top of my =
head, three things: the value of C, cryptographic material, and =
interface address configuration) for correct operation of a network. The =
protocol is designed to be accommodating to heterogeneity of pretty much =
everything else. Of course, for *efficient* operation, one will want if =
not global agreement, then at least a way of affecting other parameters =
in the routers - and this over time, as the network evolves (e.g., =
devices start to move about, or settle down, or the environment changes, =
etc.).

So yes, while all the "required config" probably is startup config, =
there is a need for also being able to configure (and, certainly, =
monitor) the network while in continued operation.

> Section 3 appears to be mostly about IP configuration and interface
> configuration; there are netmod YANG modules for this purpose.=20

I have actually only passing familiarity with YANG, so I will have to go =
look at that in more details, also, in preparation of London.

> Using standardized management would likely improve interoperability, =
if
> interoperability is important. It may not seem that important for =
deployment
> for internal management, but having a consistent management interface =
for an
> NMS to use to debug internal deployments could be awfully helpful to
> operators.

Interoperability is hugely important (otherwise, we'd not bother going =
through the hoops, expenses, and frustrations, of standardising).

The back-story (which we kinda allude to, but which really is not worth =
telling in detail in the document, since I expect that it's quite =
classic) is, that in the past we had no standardised ways of a NMS =
interacting with an OLSR instance. Consequently, we saw each =
implementation of OLSR come with its own (if any, that is) more or less =
wicked "interface" (examples include using Java RMI, Sun RPC, a TCP =
socket with 'untraditional' textual commands, ...) and =
exposing/expecting data in more or less wicked formats and amounts, and =
towards "custom" NMSes, visualisation tools, etc. Not throwing any =
stones here - I believe that my initial implementation of a "management =
interface" to an OLSR instance takes the price of being "the most wicked =
of the bunch" - just observing how it was.

Operationally, that's not good - and, even for our interop events, that =
has occasionally been a difficulty - or, at least, it would have =
simplified life greatly had we all had identical interfaces and =
information exposure. That's what motivated us to dig in and develop MIB =
modules and the likes.

Again, thanks for your interest and guidance, it is hugely appreciated, =
and - I think I can speak for both the authors - we're eager to learn =
from all y'all.

Best,

Thomas

>=20
> David Harrington
> ietfdbh@comcast.net
> +1-603-828-1401
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Adrian
>> Farrel
>> Sent: Wednesday, February 26, 2014 6:40 PM
>> To: Opsawg@ietf.org
>> Cc: manet-chairs@tools.ietf.org; =
draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-management-
>> snapshot@tools.ietf.org
>> Subject: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please
>>=20
>> Hi OPSAWG,
>>=20
>> The MANET working group develops protocols for mobile and ad-hoc
>> networks (some
>> of which are less mobile or less ad hoc than others).
>>=20
>> After discussion with the IESG and specifically the OPS ADs, the WG =
has
>> agreed
>> to try to put together some thoughts on management of these networks.
>>=20
>> It's early days and the authors are not experienced in these ideas =
(so be
>> gentle!) but it seems important at this stage to see whether the work =
is
> going
>> in the right direction.
>>=20
>> Could any of you find time to review and comment (on this list, on =
the
>> MANET
>> list, direct to the authors, channelled through me)? All =
contributions
> will be
>> gratefully received.
>>=20
>> The document is:
>> =
http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-management-
>> snapshot/
>>=20
>> Thanks,
>> Adrian
>>=20
>> _______________________________________________
>> OPSAWG mailing list
>> OPSAWG@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>=20


--Apple-Mail=_2198CB12-4106-438F-A0D7-0274E2084BA5
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
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	charset=us-ascii

<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html =
charset=3Dus-ascii"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;">Hello =
David,<div><br></div><div>Thank you for your remarks, and for engaging =
with &amp; educating us here. It's really appreciated. Comments =
below....</div><div><br><div><div>On 27 Feb 2014, at 03:59, ietfdbh =
&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ietfdbh@comcast.net">ietfdbh@comcast.net</a>&gt; =
wrote:</div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">Hi,<br><br>The document claims to be a snapshot of how =
MANET networks are being =
managed<br>now.<br></blockquote><div><br></div>More specifically, how =
MANETs running OLSR(v1 or v2) as routing protocol are being =
managed.</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">I'm not quite sure what =
types of comments you want on the document, since<br>the authors have =
researched and are presumably knowledgeable about current<br>management =
practices for MANETs.<br></blockquote><div><br></div>We actually do not =
claim to document what is done in MANETs in general - there are routing =
protocols other than OLSR(v1 or v2) out there, albeit less widely =
deployed, which are operating with a very different architecture, and =
which the authors of this document suspect would have (in some cases, =
significantly) different management practices.</div><div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">Are you looking for comments from operators of other MANET =
networks to<br>expand the documentation of existing management =
techniques?<br>Or are you looking for suggestions of ways that MANETs =
*could* be managed<br>differently?<br></blockquote><br><div>Good =
question ;)</div></div><div><br></div><div><div>This document came to be =
as the OPS ADs asked us to "document how you're actually currently =
managing MANETs", as part of their processing of MIBs for the different =
protocols (notably OLSRv2 and NHDP - which is a constituent, but =
independent, protocol to OLSRv2). One of the triggering comments was =
from Benoit Claise (can't find a public link to quote him, so it may =
have been in a conversation), another was Ron Bonica's (which is in the =
tracker for what became RFC6779 here: <a =
href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc6779/ballot/">https://datatrac=
ker.ietf.org/doc/rfc6779/ballot/</a>):</div><div><br></div><div><pre =
style=3D"line-height: 13px; font-size: 13px;"><span =
class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>This document fails to provide =
use cases. Because it doesn't provide use cases,
<span class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>it is not clear that any/all of =
its objects are useful.

<span class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>While this comment might be =
leveled concerning regarding MIB, it is
<span class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>particularly applicable in this =
case because we have so little operational
<span class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>experience with ad hoc networks. =
Will the ad hoc network include a NOC? What
<span class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>policy will that NOC attempt to =
enforce? What information/control will the NOC
<span class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>need to enforce that =
policy.</pre></div><div>So, we set forth to document what we know about =
how the ad hoc networks that we know are actually being managed, asking =
those building/operating such networks, and trying to generalise from =
that. There are actually quite a few operators of "highly managed ad hoc =
networks" out there - sadly, those networks are typically "tactical =
networks" and so it is rather difficult to get their operators to be =
particularly forthcoming about =
specifics...</div><div><br></div><div>Therefore, in part, the question =
that we would like to ask from the OPS experts is: does this document =
make any sense to you? Is what's in there of any (educational, or =
otherwise) value? Anything that you feel is missing, or where more =
information would be helpful? With reference to Ron's comment quoted =
above, does this document provide necessary context for understanding =
what may come out of the MANET wg in an operational =
frame?</div><div><br></div></div><div>Now, if opsawg has a bunch of =
stealthy MANET operators subscribed, whom we do not know about already, =
then we'd *love* to make friends get comments and feedback as to how =
they're doing things. So please, anyone with MANET experience do come =
forward....</div><div><br></div><div>And yes, any suggestions as to "how =
can we do better/differently?" are always highly welcome. We're just =
routing guys, who recognise the need for network management - but, who =
also recognise that we just are routing guys and that we better be =
attentive to domain-expert advice.</div><div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">RFC5706 may contain ideas regarding management and =
monitoring of protocols,<br>that could apply for eliciting additional =
input from operators about current<br>practices, or for eliciting =
suggestions of management approaches that might<br>apply to further work =
on management techniques that could be applied =
to<br>MANETs.<br></blockquote><div><br></div>Now, THAT was an RFC that I =
wasn't aware of, but which seems (after a quick skim-through) to be =
hugely interesting. I'll definitely give that a careful read-through on =
my way to London. Thank you for that =
pointer.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">Given the =
"startup" nature of much of the MANET config, it definitely =
looks<br>like Netconf/YANG might be a better choice than RW MIB modules =
for<br>configuration (I suggest attending the OPSAWG meeting in London, =
since that<br>is already a planned topic of =
conversation).<br></blockquote><div><br></div>And again, that was a very =
good pointer, and I'll make sure to be there. =
Thanks.</div><div><br></div><div>Now, there's something to be said for =
the way in which we designed OLSRv2: essentially, ad-hoc networks are =
intended to be very "autonomous", that's how they often are =
deployed.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>There's very little that =
*requires* global agreement (off the top of my head, three things: the =
value of C, cryptographic material, and interface address configuration) =
for correct operation of a network. The protocol is designed to be =
accommodating to heterogeneity of pretty much everything else. Of =
course, for *efficient* operation, one will want if not global =
agreement, then at least a way of affecting other parameters in the =
routers - and this over time, as the network evolves (e.g., devices =
start to move about, or settle down, or the environment changes, =
etc.).</div><div><br></div><div>So yes, while all the "required config" =
probably is startup config, there is a need for also being able to =
configure (and, certainly, monitor) the network while in continued =
operation.</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">Section 3 appears to =
be mostly about IP configuration and interface<br>configuration; there =
are netmod YANG modules for this purpose. =
<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I have actually only passing =
familiarity with YANG, so I will have to go look at that in more =
details, also, in preparation of London.</div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">Using standardized management would likely improve =
interoperability, if<br>interoperability is important. It may not seem =
that important for deployment<br>for internal management, but having a =
consistent management interface for an<br>NMS to use to debug internal =
deployments could be awfully helpful =
to<br>operators.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Interoperability is =
hugely important (otherwise, we'd not bother going through the hoops, =
expenses, and frustrations, of =
standardising).</div><div><br></div><div>The back-story (which we kinda =
allude to, but which really is not worth telling in detail in the =
document, since I expect that it's quite classic) is, that in the past =
we had no standardised ways of a NMS interacting with an OLSR instance. =
Consequently, we saw each implementation of OLSR come with its own (if =
any, that is) more or less wicked "interface" (examples include using =
Java RMI, Sun RPC, a TCP socket with 'untraditional' textual commands, =
...) and exposing/expecting data in more or less wicked formats and =
amounts, and towards "custom" NMSes, visualisation tools, etc. Not =
throwing any stones here - I believe that my initial implementation of a =
"management interface" to an OLSR instance takes the price of being "the =
most wicked of the bunch" - just observing how it =
was.</div><div><br></div><div>Operationally, that's not good - and, even =
for our interop events, that has occasionally been a difficulty - or, at =
least, it would have simplified life greatly had we all had identical =
interfaces and information exposure. That's what motivated us to dig in =
and develop MIB modules and the likes.</div><div><br></div><div>Again, =
thanks for your interest and guidance, it is hugely appreciated, and - I =
think I can speak for both the authors - we're eager to learn from all =
y'all.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br></div><div>Thomas</div=
></div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><br>David Harrington<br><a =
href=3D"mailto:ietfdbh@comcast.net">ietfdbh@comcast.net</a><br>+1-603-828-=
1401<br><blockquote type=3D"cite">-----Original Message-----<br>From: =
OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of =
Adrian<br>Farrel<br>Sent: Wednesday, February 26, 2014 6:40 PM<br>To: =
Opsawg@ietf.org<br>Cc: manet-chairs@tools.ietf.org; =
draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-management-<br>snapshot@tools.ietf.org<br>Subje=
ct: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please<br><br>Hi =
OPSAWG,<br><br>The MANET working group develops protocols for mobile and =
ad-hoc<br>networks (some<br>of which are less mobile or less ad hoc than =
others).<br><br>After discussion with the IESG and specifically the OPS =
ADs, the WG has<br>agreed<br>to try to put together some thoughts on =
management of these networks.<br><br>It's early days and the authors are =
not experienced in these ideas (so be<br>gentle!) but it seems important =
at this stage to see whether the work =
is<br></blockquote>going<br><blockquote type=3D"cite">in the right =
direction.<br><br>Could any of you find time to review and comment (on =
this list, on the<br>MANET<br>list, direct to the authors, channelled =
through me)? All contributions<br></blockquote>will be<br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">gratefully received.<br><br>The document =
is:<br>http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-manageme=
nt-<br>snapshot/<br><br>Thanks,<br>Adrian<br><br>_________________________=
______________________<br>OPSAWG mailing =
list<br>OPSAWG@ietf.org<br>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg<br=
></blockquote><br></blockquote></div><br></div></body></html>=

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From: Thomas Clausen <thomas@thomasclausen.org>
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To: Juergen Schoenwaelder <j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please
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Dear Juergen,

On 27 Feb 2014, at 08:07, Juergen Schoenwaelder =
<j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de> wrote:

> On Wed, Feb 26, 2014 at 11:40:29PM +0000, Adrian Farrel wrote:
>=20
>> Could any of you find time to review and comment (on this list, on
>> the MANET list, direct to the authors, channelled through me)? All
>> contributions will be gratefully received.
>=20
> Out of curiosity, I would like to understand what the background
> behind these statements is:
>=20
>   "protocols such as SNMP (or possibly other, less "chatty",
>    protocols)."
>=20
>   In some deployments, the NMS communicates with individual routers by
>   way of SNMP - and, more commonly, by way of "proprietary" simpler,
>   less verbose and (often) less secure protocols, and over UDP.
>=20
> Any pointers to such proprietary protocols? I am just wondering what
> the network management communication patterns are that take place in
> MANETs.

I would love to be able to provide a pointer, but that's unfortunately =
the nature of "proprietary": I can't. I actually do not believe that =
there's any "de-facto standard" or "commonly used proprietary protocol" =
out there, more a matter of each implementer of OLSR (v1 and v2, both) =
set out realising the need for interacting with a running OLSR instance, =
and coming up with his/her own approach depending on ad-hoc needs.  =
Heck, I don't think I've actually seen a written documentation of these =
"proprietary" protocols, except for their code....

Initially, what we saw was in the numerous OLSR interop's we've held, =
where we saw a remarkable number of visualisation tools, for example, =
depicting the evolution of the network topology (caveat: routers in a =
MANET are likely to move about), or tools permitting to temporarily =
provoke a "failure-like event" in a router to be able to observe how the =
surrounding network behaves - with instrumenting routers to record and =
reflect their behaviours. Tools, that is, communicating with the =
protocol instance in whatever way the implementer saw fit to build, =
since there was no commonly agreed-upon, documented, way.

But, you do make a good point which is - I think - that it might be =
helpful to document what the (management) communications patterns may =
look like in an operating (post-startup) network. I think that that =
probably is a good idea, so we'll definitely see about that in a coming =
revision of the document, thank you for that suggestion!

I'll throw a few thoughts - without claiming to be exhaustive - out =
below as what I see in the networks that I know of and know very well,  =
that happens "often" - note, this is just in what *I* see, not what =
*everybody* sees or what everybody may wish to see happen:

	a)	Inquire the state (complete topology graph, link states, =
local links even if not part of topology graph) of a router
		Often, this is getting "up to a few KB worth of data" =
back
		It's not a very common operation.

	b)	Inquire the history/statistics of a router
		This is typically something tiny, like "how many local =
link changes have you seen within the past n minutes/seconds/hours"
		This may be very rare, or it may be several times per =
minute per router for a while: if my NMS is trying to "tune" message=20
		intervals and timers, it may be a case of "doing this to =
a group of topologically close routers" - until, that is, the NMS =
decides
		that it's happy with what it sees and will ease up

	c)	Change the configuration of a router
		Other than in the above case (tuning) this really =
happens only when somehow I get a new uplink to an external network,
		and I either need to throw a new gateway into the =
network, and/or I need to get a new prefix out to the routers.

	d)	Visualising the network as a router sees it.
		Note that as in a MANET, routers do move about, this may =
mean that the topology changes frequently. In a naive way, this would
		essentially be the NMS setting up a connection to the =
router in question, and "getting a copy of all routing protocol
		control messages" to construct its own topology graph as =
would have done that router. Typically, it consists of the router =
sending a=20
		notification to the NMS when a topological change =
happens, i.e., when either of its information bases change. Even better, =
it
		consists of these notifications being "filtered" to only =
send for those changes that actually impact the usable topology.

	e)	Rekeying - we do not actually have a (standard) =
mechanism for AKM, and I maintain that it probably is not possible to =
come
		up with a single such that will satisfy the requirements =
for all the different deployments, but it's still something that we do =
play with.
		I'm actually doing that as part of a management =
operation and schlepping it around as I would any configuration =
parameter
		(not saying that it's the right thing to do, though, =
just what I'm playing with). The particularity of this is, that it often =
is a "broadcast
		configuration operation" where you want to get new =
material to everybody, and not just a single device.

Some of the proprietary stuff that has been done (and which I have done) =
in the past, can be explained easily by the above, and by the fact that =
in OLSR (v1 and v2) we have really efficient flooding operations in =
place. This can (and has) be used to do e) much much more efficiently (& =
reliably) than a bunch of unicasts. For b), too, in case we want to =
configure a "group of topologically close routers": unicast to one of =
them (topologically as central as possible) and then use scope-limited =
optimized flooding to reach the surrounding routers. As for d), the =
opportunities are endless for thinking up ways to do that...

Moving towards standardized data representations, such as the MIBs, as =
well as some of the interesting developments by Bob Cole (REPORT-MIB - =
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-manet-report-mib  - yes, it is =
expired, but we need to revive that, I think) are steps that we're =
trying to take to exit the world of "ad-hoc" management solutions.
=20
Not sure if that's a useful answer to your question? I am sorry that I =
can't point to some neatly written up whitepaper, which clearly would =
have been a better answer.

Either way, your question is good and it might make sense to mull a bit =
on that and try to capture a more complete answer to it than what I =
provided in the above in the document?

Tsch=FC=DF,

Thomas

> /js
>=20
> --=20
> Juergen Schoenwaelder           Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
> Phone: +49 421 200 3587         Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
> Fax:   +49 421 200 3103         <http://www.jacobs-university.de/>


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From: Thomas Clausen <thomas@thomasclausen.org>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please
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(Apologies for the double-posting to some of you; I realized that I had =
not subscribed to opsawg so I am resending)

Hello David,

Thank you for your remarks, and for engaging with & educating us here. =
It's really appreciated. Comments below....

On 27 Feb 2014, at 03:59, ietfdbh <ietfdbh@comcast.net> wrote:

> Hi,
>=20
> The document claims to be a snapshot of how MANET networks are being =
managed
> now.

More specifically, how MANETs running OLSR(v1 or v2) as routing protocol =
are being managed.

> I'm not quite sure what types of comments you want on the document, =
since
> the authors have researched and are presumably knowledgeable about =
current
> management practices for MANETs.

We actually do not claim to document what is done in MANETs in general - =
there are routing protocols other than OLSR(v1 or v2) out there, albeit =
less widely deployed, which are operating with a very different =
architecture, and which the authors of this document suspect would have =
(in some cases, significantly) different management practices.

> Are you looking for comments from operators of other MANET networks to
> expand the documentation of existing management techniques?
> Or are you looking for suggestions of ways that MANETs *could* be =
managed
> differently?

Good question ;)

This document came to be as the OPS ADs asked us to "document how you're =
actually currently managing MANETs", as part of their processing of MIBs =
for the different protocols (notably OLSRv2 and NHDP - which is a =
constituent, but independent, protocol to OLSRv2). One of the triggering =
comments was from Benoit Claise (can't find a public link to quote him, =
so it may have been in a conversation), another was Ron Bonica's (which =
is in the tracker for what became RFC6779 here: =
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc6779/ballot/):

	This document fails to provide use cases. Because it doesn't =
provide use cases,
	it is not clear that any/all of its objects are useful.

	While this comment might be leveled concerning regarding MIB, it =
is
	particularly applicable in this case because we have so little =
operational
	experience with ad hoc networks. Will the ad hoc network include =
a NOC? What
	policy will that NOC attempt to enforce? What =
information/control will the NOC
	need to enforce that policy.
So, we set forth to document what we know about how the ad hoc networks =
that we know are actually being managed, asking those building/operating =
such networks, and trying to generalise from that. There are actually =
quite a few operators of "highly managed ad hoc networks" out there - =
sadly, those networks are typically "tactical networks" and so it is =
rather difficult to get their operators to be particularly forthcoming =
about specifics...

Therefore, in part, the question that we would like to ask from the OPS =
experts is: does this document make any sense to you? Is what's in there =
of any (educational, or otherwise) value? Anything that you feel is =
missing, or where more information would be helpful? With reference to =
Ron's comment quoted above, does this document provide necessary context =
for understanding what may come out of the MANET wg in an operational =
frame?

Now, if opsawg has a bunch of stealthy MANET operators subscribed, whom =
we do not know about already, then we'd *love* to make friends get =
comments and feedback as to how they're doing things. So please, anyone =
with MANET experience do come forward....

And yes, any suggestions as to "how can we do better/differently?" are =
always highly welcome. We're just routing guys, who recognise the need =
for network management - but, who also recognise that we just are =
routing guys and that we better be attentive to domain-expert advice.

> RFC5706 may contain ideas regarding management and monitoring of =
protocols,
> that could apply for eliciting additional input from operators about =
current
> practices, or for eliciting suggestions of management approaches that =
might
> apply to further work on management techniques that could be applied =
to
> MANETs.

Now, THAT was an RFC that I wasn't aware of, but which seems (after a =
quick skim-through) to be hugely interesting. I'll definitely give that =
a careful read-through on my way to London. Thank you for that pointer.=20=


> Given the "startup" nature of much of the MANET config, it definitely =
looks
> like Netconf/YANG might be a better choice than RW MIB modules for
> configuration (I suggest attending the OPSAWG meeting in London, since =
that
> is already a planned topic of conversation).

And again, that was a very good pointer, and I'll make sure to be there. =
Thanks.

Now, there's something to be said for the way in which we designed =
OLSRv2: essentially, ad-hoc networks are intended to be very =
"autonomous", that's how they often are deployed.=20

There's very little that *requires* global agreement (off the top of my =
head, three things: the value of C, cryptographic material, and =
interface address configuration) for correct operation of a network. The =
protocol is designed to be accommodating to heterogeneity of pretty much =
everything else. Of course, for *efficient* operation, one will want if =
not global agreement, then at least a way of affecting other parameters =
in the routers - and this over time, as the network evolves (e.g., =
devices start to move about, or settle down, or the environment changes, =
etc.).

So yes, while all the "required config" probably is startup config, =
there is a need for also being able to configure (and, certainly, =
monitor) the network while in continued operation.

> Section 3 appears to be mostly about IP configuration and interface
> configuration; there are netmod YANG modules for this purpose.=20

I have actually only passing familiarity with YANG, so I will have to go =
look at that in more details, also, in preparation of London.

> Using standardized management would likely improve interoperability, =
if
> interoperability is important. It may not seem that important for =
deployment
> for internal management, but having a consistent management interface =
for an
> NMS to use to debug internal deployments could be awfully helpful to
> operators.

Interoperability is hugely important (otherwise, we'd not bother going =
through the hoops, expenses, and frustrations, of standardising).

The back-story (which we kinda allude to, but which really is not worth =
telling in detail in the document, since I expect that it's quite =
classic) is, that in the past we had no standardised ways of a NMS =
interacting with an OLSR instance. Consequently, we saw each =
implementation of OLSR come with its own (if any, that is) more or less =
wicked "interface" (examples include using Java RMI, Sun RPC, a TCP =
socket with 'untraditional' textual commands, ...) and =
exposing/expecting data in more or less wicked formats and amounts, and =
towards "custom" NMSes, visualisation tools, etc. Not throwing any =
stones here - I believe that my initial implementation of a "management =
interface" to an OLSR instance takes the price of being "the most wicked =
of the bunch" - just observing how it was.

Operationally, that's not good - and, even for our interop events, that =
has occasionally been a difficulty - or, at least, it would have =
simplified life greatly had we all had identical interfaces and =
information exposure. That's what motivated us to dig in and develop MIB =
modules and the likes.

Again, thanks for your interest and guidance, it is hugely appreciated, =
and - I think I can speak for both the authors - we're eager to learn =
from all y'all.

Best,

Thomas

>=20
> David Harrington
> ietfdbh@comcast.net
> +1-603-828-1401
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Adrian
>> Farrel
>> Sent: Wednesday, February 26, 2014 6:40 PM
>> To: Opsawg@ietf.org
>> Cc: manet-chairs@tools.ietf.org; =
draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-management-
>> snapshot@tools.ietf.org
>> Subject: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please
>>=20
>> Hi OPSAWG,
>>=20
>> The MANET working group develops protocols for mobile and ad-hoc
>> networks (some
>> of which are less mobile or less ad hoc than others).
>>=20
>> After discussion with the IESG and specifically the OPS ADs, the WG =
has
>> agreed
>> to try to put together some thoughts on management of these networks.
>>=20
>> It's early days and the authors are not experienced in these ideas =
(so be
>> gentle!) but it seems important at this stage to see whether the work =
is
> going
>> in the right direction.
>>=20
>> Could any of you find time to review and comment (on this list, on =
the
>> MANET
>> list, direct to the authors, channelled through me)? All =
contributions
> will be
>> gratefully received.
>>=20
>> The document is:
>> =
http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-management-
>> snapshot/
>>=20
>> Thanks,
>> Adrian
>>=20
>> _______________________________________________
>> OPSAWG mailing list
>> OPSAWG@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>=20


--Apple-Mail=_9CAC43C5-E154-483B-8437-85D6D654DAD1
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	charset=us-ascii

<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html =
charset=3Dus-ascii"><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html=
 charset=3Dus-ascii"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: =
after-white-space;"><div>(Apologies for the double-posting to some of =
you; I realized that I had not subscribed to opsawg so I am =
resending)</div><div><br></div>Hello David,<div><br></div><div>Thank you =
for your remarks, and for engaging with &amp; educating us here. It's =
really appreciated. Comments below....</div><div><br><div><div>On 27 Feb =
2014, at 03:59, ietfdbh &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:ietfdbh@comcast.net">ietfdbh@comcast.net</a>&gt; =
wrote:</div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">Hi,<br><br>The document claims to be a snapshot of how =
MANET networks are being =
managed<br>now.<br></blockquote><div><br></div>More specifically, how =
MANETs running OLSR(v1 or v2) as routing protocol are being =
managed.</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">I'm not quite sure what =
types of comments you want on the document, since<br>the authors have =
researched and are presumably knowledgeable about current<br>management =
practices for MANETs.<br></blockquote><div><br></div>We actually do not =
claim to document what is done in MANETs in general - there are routing =
protocols other than OLSR(v1 or v2) out there, albeit less widely =
deployed, which are operating with a very different architecture, and =
which the authors of this document suspect would have (in some cases, =
significantly) different management practices.</div><div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">Are you looking for comments from operators of other MANET =
networks to<br>expand the documentation of existing management =
techniques?<br>Or are you looking for suggestions of ways that MANETs =
*could* be managed<br>differently?<br></blockquote><br><div>Good =
question ;)</div></div><div><br></div><div><div>This document came to be =
as the OPS ADs asked us to "document how you're actually currently =
managing MANETs", as part of their processing of MIBs for the different =
protocols (notably OLSRv2 and NHDP - which is a constituent, but =
independent, protocol to OLSRv2). One of the triggering comments was =
from Benoit Claise (can't find a public link to quote him, so it may =
have been in a conversation), another was Ron Bonica's (which is in the =
tracker for what became RFC6779 here: <a =
href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc6779/ballot/">https://datatrac=
ker.ietf.org/doc/rfc6779/ballot/</a>):</div><div><br></div><div><pre =
style=3D"line-height: 13px; font-size: 13px;"><span =
class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>This document fails to provide =
use cases. Because it doesn't provide use cases,
<span class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>it is not clear that any/all of =
its objects are useful.

<span class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>While this comment might be =
leveled concerning regarding MIB, it is
<span class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>particularly applicable in this =
case because we have so little operational
<span class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>experience with ad hoc networks. =
Will the ad hoc network include a NOC? What
<span class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>policy will that NOC attempt to =
enforce? What information/control will the NOC
<span class=3D"Apple-tab-span">	</span>need to enforce that =
policy.</pre></div><div>So, we set forth to document what we know about =
how the ad hoc networks that we know are actually being managed, asking =
those building/operating such networks, and trying to generalise from =
that. There are actually quite a few operators of "highly managed ad hoc =
networks" out there - sadly, those networks are typically "tactical =
networks" and so it is rather difficult to get their operators to be =
particularly forthcoming about =
specifics...</div><div><br></div><div>Therefore, in part, the question =
that we would like to ask from the OPS experts is: does this document =
make any sense to you? Is what's in there of any (educational, or =
otherwise) value? Anything that you feel is missing, or where more =
information would be helpful? With reference to Ron's comment quoted =
above, does this document provide necessary context for understanding =
what may come out of the MANET wg in an operational =
frame?</div><div><br></div></div><div>Now, if opsawg has a bunch of =
stealthy MANET operators subscribed, whom we do not know about already, =
then we'd *love* to make friends get comments and feedback as to how =
they're doing things. So please, anyone with MANET experience do come =
forward....</div><div><br></div><div>And yes, any suggestions as to "how =
can we do better/differently?" are always highly welcome. We're just =
routing guys, who recognise the need for network management - but, who =
also recognise that we just are routing guys and that we better be =
attentive to domain-expert advice.</div><div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">RFC5706 may contain ideas regarding management and =
monitoring of protocols,<br>that could apply for eliciting additional =
input from operators about current<br>practices, or for eliciting =
suggestions of management approaches that might<br>apply to further work =
on management techniques that could be applied =
to<br>MANETs.<br></blockquote><div><br></div>Now, THAT was an RFC that I =
wasn't aware of, but which seems (after a quick skim-through) to be =
hugely interesting. I'll definitely give that a careful read-through on =
my way to London. Thank you for that =
pointer.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">Given the =
"startup" nature of much of the MANET config, it definitely =
looks<br>like Netconf/YANG might be a better choice than RW MIB modules =
for<br>configuration (I suggest attending the OPSAWG meeting in London, =
since that<br>is already a planned topic of =
conversation).<br></blockquote><div><br></div>And again, that was a very =
good pointer, and I'll make sure to be there. =
Thanks.</div><div><br></div><div>Now, there's something to be said for =
the way in which we designed OLSRv2: essentially, ad-hoc networks are =
intended to be very "autonomous", that's how they often are =
deployed.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>There's very little that =
*requires* global agreement (off the top of my head, three things: the =
value of C, cryptographic material, and interface address configuration) =
for correct operation of a network. The protocol is designed to be =
accommodating to heterogeneity of pretty much everything else. Of =
course, for *efficient* operation, one will want if not global =
agreement, then at least a way of affecting other parameters in the =
routers - and this over time, as the network evolves (e.g., devices =
start to move about, or settle down, or the environment changes, =
etc.).</div><div><br></div><div>So yes, while all the "required config" =
probably is startup config, there is a need for also being able to =
configure (and, certainly, monitor) the network while in continued =
operation.</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">Section 3 appears to =
be mostly about IP configuration and interface<br>configuration; there =
are netmod YANG modules for this purpose. =
<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I have actually only passing =
familiarity with YANG, so I will have to go look at that in more =
details, also, in preparation of London.</div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">Using standardized management would likely improve =
interoperability, if<br>interoperability is important. It may not seem =
that important for deployment<br>for internal management, but having a =
consistent management interface for an<br>NMS to use to debug internal =
deployments could be awfully helpful =
to<br>operators.<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Interoperability is =
hugely important (otherwise, we'd not bother going through the hoops, =
expenses, and frustrations, of =
standardising).</div><div><br></div><div>The back-story (which we kinda =
allude to, but which really is not worth telling in detail in the =
document, since I expect that it's quite classic) is, that in the past =
we had no standardised ways of a NMS interacting with an OLSR instance. =
Consequently, we saw each implementation of OLSR come with its own (if =
any, that is) more or less wicked "interface" (examples include using =
Java RMI, Sun RPC, a TCP socket with 'untraditional' textual commands, =
...) and exposing/expecting data in more or less wicked formats and =
amounts, and towards "custom" NMSes, visualisation tools, etc. Not =
throwing any stones here - I believe that my initial implementation of a =
"management interface" to an OLSR instance takes the price of being "the =
most wicked of the bunch" - just observing how it =
was.</div><div><br></div><div>Operationally, that's not good - and, even =
for our interop events, that has occasionally been a difficulty - or, at =
least, it would have simplified life greatly had we all had identical =
interfaces and information exposure. That's what motivated us to dig in =
and develop MIB modules and the likes.</div><div><br></div><div>Again, =
thanks for your interest and guidance, it is hugely appreciated, and - I =
think I can speak for both the authors - we're eager to learn from all =
y'all.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br></div><div>Thomas</div=
></div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><br>David Harrington<br><a =
href=3D"mailto:ietfdbh@comcast.net">ietfdbh@comcast.net</a><br>+1-603-828-=
1401<br><blockquote type=3D"cite">-----Original Message-----<br>From: =
OPSAWG [<a =
href=3D"mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org</a>=
] On Behalf Of Adrian<br>Farrel<br>Sent: Wednesday, February 26, 2014 =
6:40 PM<br>To: <a =
href=3D"mailto:Opsawg@ietf.org">Opsawg@ietf.org</a><br>Cc: <a =
href=3D"mailto:manet-chairs@tools.ietf.org">manet-chairs@tools.ietf.org</a=
>; draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-management-<br><a =
href=3D"mailto:snapshot@tools.ietf.org">snapshot@tools.ietf.org</a><br>Sub=
ject: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please<br><br>Hi =
OPSAWG,<br><br>The MANET working group develops protocols for mobile and =
ad-hoc<br>networks (some<br>of which are less mobile or less ad hoc than =
others).<br><br>After discussion with the IESG and specifically the OPS =
ADs, the WG has<br>agreed<br>to try to put together some thoughts on =
management of these networks.<br><br>It's early days and the authors are =
not experienced in these ideas (so be<br>gentle!) but it seems important =
at this stage to see whether the work =
is<br></blockquote>going<br><blockquote type=3D"cite">in the right =
direction.<br><br>Could any of you find time to review and comment (on =
this list, on the<br>MANET<br>list, direct to the authors, channelled =
through me)? All contributions<br></blockquote>will be<br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">gratefully received.<br><br>The document is:<br><a =
href=3D"http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-managem=
ent-">http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-clausen-manet-olsrv2-managemen=
t-</a><br>snapshot/<br><br>Thanks,<br>Adrian<br><br>______________________=
_________________________<br>OPSAWG mailing =
list<br>OPSAWG@ietf.org<br>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg<br=
></blockquote><br></blockquote></div><br></div></body></html>=

--Apple-Mail=_9CAC43C5-E154-483B-8437-85D6D654DAD1--


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Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2014 15:45:22 +0100
From: Juergen Schoenwaelder <j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de>
To: Thomas Clausen <thomas@thomasclausen.org>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please
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Hi,

this is useful input, in particular the description of the various
things NMSes in a MANET context like to do. Concerning the text in the
I-D, I would probably stay away from classifying other protocols as
"simpler" or "less chatty", in particular if they are all kept secret
(note that proprietary does not necessarily imply that a protocol is
secret - there are many proprietary protocols that are documented).

/js

On Thu, Feb 27, 2014 at 03:17:26PM +0100, Thomas Clausen wrote:
> Dear Juergen,
> 
> On 27 Feb 2014, at 08:07, Juergen Schoenwaelder <j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de> wrote:
> 
> > On Wed, Feb 26, 2014 at 11:40:29PM +0000, Adrian Farrel wrote:
> > 
> >> Could any of you find time to review and comment (on this list, on
> >> the MANET list, direct to the authors, channelled through me)? All
> >> contributions will be gratefully received.
> > 
> > Out of curiosity, I would like to understand what the background
> > behind these statements is:
> > 
> >   "protocols such as SNMP (or possibly other, less "chatty",
> >    protocols)."
> > 
> >   In some deployments, the NMS communicates with individual routers by
> >   way of SNMP - and, more commonly, by way of "proprietary" simpler,
> >   less verbose and (often) less secure protocols, and over UDP.
> > 
> > Any pointers to such proprietary protocols? I am just wondering what
> > the network management communication patterns are that take place in
> > MANETs.
> 
> I would love to be able to provide a pointer, but that's unfortunately the nature of "proprietary": I can't. I actually do not believe that there's any "de-facto standard" or "commonly used proprietary protocol" out there, more a matter of each implementer of OLSR (v1 and v2, both) set out realising the need for interacting with a running OLSR instance, and coming up with his/her own approach depending on ad-hoc needs.  Heck, I don't think I've actually seen a written documentation of these "proprietary" protocols, except for their code....
> 
> Initially, what we saw was in the numerous OLSR interop's we've held, where we saw a remarkable number of visualisation tools, for example, depicting the evolution of the network topology (caveat: routers in a MANET are likely to move about), or tools permitting to temporarily provoke a "failure-like event" in a router to be able to observe how the surrounding network behaves - with instrumenting routers to record and reflect their behaviours. Tools, that is, communicating with the protocol instance in whatever way the implementer saw fit to build, since there was no commonly agreed-upon, documented, way.
> 
> But, you do make a good point which is - I think - that it might be helpful to document what the (management) communications patterns may look like in an operating (post-startup) network. I think that that probably is a good idea, so we'll definitely see about that in a coming revision of the document, thank you for that suggestion!
> 
> I'll throw a few thoughts - without claiming to be exhaustive - out below as what I see in the networks that I know of and know very well,  that happens "often" - note, this is just in what *I* see, not what *everybody* sees or what everybody may wish to see happen:
> 
> 	a)	Inquire the state (complete topology graph, link states, local links even if not part of topology graph) of a router
> 		Often, this is getting "up to a few KB worth of data" back
> 		It's not a very common operation.
> 
> 	b)	Inquire the history/statistics of a router
> 		This is typically something tiny, like "how many local link changes have you seen within the past n minutes/seconds/hours"
> 		This may be very rare, or it may be several times per minute per router for a while: if my NMS is trying to "tune" message 
> 		intervals and timers, it may be a case of "doing this to a group of topologically close routers" - until, that is, the NMS decides
> 		that it's happy with what it sees and will ease up
> 
> 	c)	Change the configuration of a router
> 		Other than in the above case (tuning) this really happens only when somehow I get a new uplink to an external network,
> 		and I either need to throw a new gateway into the network, and/or I need to get a new prefix out to the routers.
> 
> 	d)	Visualising the network as a router sees it.
> 		Note that as in a MANET, routers do move about, this may mean that the topology changes frequently. In a naive way, this would
> 		essentially be the NMS setting up a connection to the router in question, and "getting a copy of all routing protocol
> 		control messages" to construct its own topology graph as would have done that router. Typically, it consists of the router sending a 
> 		notification to the NMS when a topological change happens, i.e., when either of its information bases change. Even better, it
> 		consists of these notifications being "filtered" to only send for those changes that actually impact the usable topology.
> 
> 	e)	Rekeying - we do not actually have a (standard) mechanism for AKM, and I maintain that it probably is not possible to come
> 		up with a single such that will satisfy the requirements for all the different deployments, but it's still something that we do play with.
> 		I'm actually doing that as part of a management operation and schlepping it around as I would any configuration parameter
> 		(not saying that it's the right thing to do, though, just what I'm playing with). The particularity of this is, that it often is a "broadcast
> 		configuration operation" where you want to get new material to everybody, and not just a single device.
> 
> Some of the proprietary stuff that has been done (and which I have done) in the past, can be explained easily by the above, and by the fact that in OLSR (v1 and v2) we have really efficient flooding operations in place. This can (and has) be used to do e) much much more efficiently (& reliably) than a bunch of unicasts. For b), too, in case we want to configure a "group of topologically close routers": unicast to one of them (topologically as central as possible) and then use scope-limited optimized flooding to reach the surrounding routers. As for d), the opportunities are endless for thinking up ways to do that...
> 
> Moving towards standardized data representations, such as the MIBs, as well as some of the interesting developments by Bob Cole (REPORT-MIB - http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-manet-report-mib  - yes, it is expired, but we need to revive that, I think) are steps that we're trying to take to exit the world of "ad-hoc" management solutions.
>  
> Not sure if that's a useful answer to your question? I am sorry that I can't point to some neatly written up whitepaper, which clearly would have been a better answer.
> 
> Either way, your question is good and it might make sense to mull a bit on that and try to capture a more complete answer to it than what I provided in the above in the document?
> 
> Tschüß,
> 
> Thomas
> 
> > /js
> > 
> > -- 
> > Juergen Schoenwaelder           Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
> > Phone: +49 421 200 3587         Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
> > Fax:   +49 421 200 3103         <http://www.jacobs-university.de/>
> 

-- 
Juergen Schoenwaelder           Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
Phone: +49 421 200 3587         Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
Fax:   +49 421 200 3103         <http://www.jacobs-university.de/>


From nobody Thu Feb 27 06:52:44 2014
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From: Thomas Clausen <thomas@thomasclausen.org>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please
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Dear Juergen,

On 27 Feb 2014, at 15:45, Juergen Schoenwaelder =
<j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de> wrote:

> Hi,
>=20
> this is useful input, in particular the description of the various
> things NMSes in a MANET context like to do.

OK, we'll try to think of ways of reflecting that.

> Concerning the text in the
> I-D, I would probably stay away from classifying other protocols as
> "simpler" or "less chatty",=20

OK, that's perhaps too colloquial, we'll pay attention to that.

> in particular if they are all kept secret
> (note that proprietary does not necessarily imply that a protocol is
> secret - there are many proprietary protocols that are documented).
>=20

Agree. I note that "kept secret" is not really due to "don't want to =
share" but rather due to "nobody seemed to have bothered to document =
it".

Either way, thank you so much for your feedback.

Question to the OPSAWG chairs:=20

	We'll probably spin a new revision within the IETF week.=20
	As we're not regulars in OPSAWG we thought we'd ask permission =
rather than forgiveness,=20
	as to how you run usually: shall we forward the announce to this =
list (and to MANET, of course),
	or is this noise you'd rather be without?

A bientot,

Thomas
=09


> /js
>=20
> On Thu, Feb 27, 2014 at 03:17:26PM +0100, Thomas Clausen wrote:
>> Dear Juergen,
>>=20
>> On 27 Feb 2014, at 08:07, Juergen Schoenwaelder =
<j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de> wrote:
>>=20
>>> On Wed, Feb 26, 2014 at 11:40:29PM +0000, Adrian Farrel wrote:
>>>=20
>>>> Could any of you find time to review and comment (on this list, on
>>>> the MANET list, direct to the authors, channelled through me)? All
>>>> contributions will be gratefully received.
>>>=20
>>> Out of curiosity, I would like to understand what the background
>>> behind these statements is:
>>>=20
>>>  "protocols such as SNMP (or possibly other, less "chatty",
>>>   protocols)."
>>>=20
>>>  In some deployments, the NMS communicates with individual routers =
by
>>>  way of SNMP - and, more commonly, by way of "proprietary" simpler,
>>>  less verbose and (often) less secure protocols, and over UDP.
>>>=20
>>> Any pointers to such proprietary protocols? I am just wondering what
>>> the network management communication patterns are that take place in
>>> MANETs.
>>=20
>> I would love to be able to provide a pointer, but that's =
unfortunately the nature of "proprietary": I can't. I actually do not =
believe that there's any "de-facto standard" or "commonly used =
proprietary protocol" out there, more a matter of each implementer of =
OLSR (v1 and v2, both) set out realising the need for interacting with a =
running OLSR instance, and coming up with his/her own approach depending =
on ad-hoc needs.  Heck, I don't think I've actually seen a written =
documentation of these "proprietary" protocols, except for their =
code....
>>=20
>> Initially, what we saw was in the numerous OLSR interop's we've held, =
where we saw a remarkable number of visualisation tools, for example, =
depicting the evolution of the network topology (caveat: routers in a =
MANET are likely to move about), or tools permitting to temporarily =
provoke a "failure-like event" in a router to be able to observe how the =
surrounding network behaves - with instrumenting routers to record and =
reflect their behaviours. Tools, that is, communicating with the =
protocol instance in whatever way the implementer saw fit to build, =
since there was no commonly agreed-upon, documented, way.
>>=20
>> But, you do make a good point which is - I think - that it might be =
helpful to document what the (management) communications patterns may =
look like in an operating (post-startup) network. I think that that =
probably is a good idea, so we'll definitely see about that in a coming =
revision of the document, thank you for that suggestion!
>>=20
>> I'll throw a few thoughts - without claiming to be exhaustive - out =
below as what I see in the networks that I know of and know very well,  =
that happens "often" - note, this is just in what *I* see, not what =
*everybody* sees or what everybody may wish to see happen:
>>=20
>> 	a)	Inquire the state (complete topology graph, link states, =
local links even if not part of topology graph) of a router
>> 		Often, this is getting "up to a few KB worth of data" =
back
>> 		It's not a very common operation.
>>=20
>> 	b)	Inquire the history/statistics of a router
>> 		This is typically something tiny, like "how many local =
link changes have you seen within the past n minutes/seconds/hours"
>> 		This may be very rare, or it may be several times per =
minute per router for a while: if my NMS is trying to "tune" message=20
>> 		intervals and timers, it may be a case of "doing this to =
a group of topologically close routers" - until, that is, the NMS =
decides
>> 		that it's happy with what it sees and will ease up
>>=20
>> 	c)	Change the configuration of a router
>> 		Other than in the above case (tuning) this really =
happens only when somehow I get a new uplink to an external network,
>> 		and I either need to throw a new gateway into the =
network, and/or I need to get a new prefix out to the routers.
>>=20
>> 	d)	Visualising the network as a router sees it.
>> 		Note that as in a MANET, routers do move about, this may =
mean that the topology changes frequently. In a naive way, this would
>> 		essentially be the NMS setting up a connection to the =
router in question, and "getting a copy of all routing protocol
>> 		control messages" to construct its own topology graph as =
would have done that router. Typically, it consists of the router =
sending a=20
>> 		notification to the NMS when a topological change =
happens, i.e., when either of its information bases change. Even better, =
it
>> 		consists of these notifications being "filtered" to only =
send for those changes that actually impact the usable topology.
>>=20
>> 	e)	Rekeying - we do not actually have a (standard) =
mechanism for AKM, and I maintain that it probably is not possible to =
come
>> 		up with a single such that will satisfy the requirements =
for all the different deployments, but it's still something that we do =
play with.
>> 		I'm actually doing that as part of a management =
operation and schlepping it around as I would any configuration =
parameter
>> 		(not saying that it's the right thing to do, though, =
just what I'm playing with). The particularity of this is, that it often =
is a "broadcast
>> 		configuration operation" where you want to get new =
material to everybody, and not just a single device.
>>=20
>> Some of the proprietary stuff that has been done (and which I have =
done) in the past, can be explained easily by the above, and by the fact =
that in OLSR (v1 and v2) we have really efficient flooding operations in =
place. This can (and has) be used to do e) much much more efficiently (& =
reliably) than a bunch of unicasts. For b), too, in case we want to =
configure a "group of topologically close routers": unicast to one of =
them (topologically as central as possible) and then use scope-limited =
optimized flooding to reach the surrounding routers. As for d), the =
opportunities are endless for thinking up ways to do that...
>>=20
>> Moving towards standardized data representations, such as the MIBs, =
as well as some of the interesting developments by Bob Cole (REPORT-MIB =
- http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-manet-report-mib  - yes, it is =
expired, but we need to revive that, I think) are steps that we're =
trying to take to exit the world of "ad-hoc" management solutions.
>>=20
>> Not sure if that's a useful answer to your question? I am sorry that =
I can't point to some neatly written up whitepaper, which clearly would =
have been a better answer.
>>=20
>> Either way, your question is good and it might make sense to mull a =
bit on that and try to capture a more complete answer to it than what I =
provided in the above in the document?
>>=20
>> Tsch=FC=DF,
>>=20
>> Thomas
>>=20
>>> /js
>>>=20
>>> --=20
>>> Juergen Schoenwaelder           Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
>>> Phone: +49 421 200 3587         Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
>>> Fax:   +49 421 200 3103         <http://www.jacobs-university.de/>
>>=20
>=20
> --=20
> Juergen Schoenwaelder           Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
> Phone: +49 421 200 3587         Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
> Fax:   +49 421 200 3103         <http://www.jacobs-university.de/>


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Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2014 16:47:55 -0500
From: Tom Taylor <tom.taylor.stds@gmail.com>
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Subject: [OPSAWG] Review of draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-extension-02
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Numerous grammatical and stylistic suggestions that I gave you in my 
first review haven't made it into the revision, so I won't bother with 
any more. However, there are still points where the intention isn't 
clear and the text needs to be tightened up.

Section 4.1.2 regarding antenna configuration:
----------------------------------------------
I don't understand the explanation of this field. It says each bit 
represents the number of antennas corresponding to that bit. Taking that 
literally, I could see 1+2+...+8 = a total of 36 antennas being 
configured. Is this what you mean, or do you mean that there are eight 
antennas, each bit corresponds to one of them, and the bits determine 
which of those eight antennas are enabled?

Section 5.1 first paragraph:
----------------------------

Currently says: "... if those information element is zero ..."
Do you mean that literally (I haven't looked those information elements 
up), or do you mean: "... if those information elements are not present 
..."?

Section 5.3 explanation of scanning procedure:
----------------------------------------------

Do the three parameters that determine scan operation apply to both 
passive and active scanning, or just to active scanning? I can get the 
answer by looking in Section 5.3.1, but it wouldn't hurt to say it here.

Section 5.3.1 Scan Parameter message element:
---------------------------------------------

The M and S bits are described as having values 1 or 2, but are only one 
bit wide. They should be 0 or 1. You probably mean to designate that M 
bit is "WTP oper mode", not "AP oper mode".

You may want to specify what L=0 and D=0 mean.

5.3.4. Neighbor WTP Report:
---------------------------

You should probably use phrasing similar to that of Section 4.1.1 to 
specify transport of the Neighbor Report Element in the 802.11 
Information Element, rather than talking about a new message type.


From nobody Fri Feb 28 02:58:19 2014
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Hi Tom,

Thanks for your review.


2014-02-28 5:47 GMT+08:00 Tom Taylor <tom.taylor.stds@gmail.com>:

> Numerous grammatical and stylistic suggestions that I gave you in my first
> review haven't made it into the revision, so I won't bother with any more.


I searched the mailing list and can not find your "grammatical and
stylistic suggestions" comments. Do you mind to give me a pointer?


> However, there are still points where the intention isn't clear and the
> text needs to be tightened up.
>
> Section 4.1.2 regarding antenna configuration:
> ----------------------------------------------
> I don't understand the explanation of this field. It says each bit
> represents the number of antennas corresponding to that bit. Taking that
> literally, I could see 1+2+...+8 = a total of 36 antennas being configured.
> Is this what you mean, or do you mean that there are eight antennas, each
> bit corresponds to one of them, and the bits determine which of those eight
> antennas are enabled?
>

It is the latter case, only eight antennas.

How about adding the following sentence for clarification:

"Only one bit is allowed to be set to 1."


> Section 5.1 first paragraph:
> ----------------------------
>
> Currently says: "... if those information element is zero ..."
> Do you mean that literally (I haven't looked those information elements
> up), or do you mean: "... if those information elements are not present
> ..."?
>

It should be the channel field of those information element. How about the
following sentence?

 "If the channel field of those information element is set to 0"


> Section 5.3 explanation of scanning procedure:
> ----------------------------------------------
>
> Do the three parameters that determine scan operation apply to both
> passive and active scanning, or just to active scanning? I can get the
> answer by looking in Section 5.3.1, but it wouldn't hurt to say it here.
>

OK, how about adding a sentence after the first sentence in page 9:

There are three parameters that will determine the working mode of
scan: PrimeChlSrvTime, On Channel ScanTime, Off Channel ScanTime.  It
applies to both active and passive scan.





Section 5.3.1 Scan Parameter message element:
> ---------------------------------------------
>
> The M and S bits are described as having values 1 or 2, but are only one
> bit wide. They should be 0 or 1.


Yes. I will change its values to 0 and 1.


> You probably mean to designate that M bit is "WTP oper mode", not "AP oper
> mode".
>
>
Yes, I will change the "AP" to "WTP".


> You may want to specify what L=0 and D=0 mean.
>

I will add the following:

L=0: Disable Load Balance Scan.
D=0: Disable Rouge WTP detection scan.


>
> 5.3.4. Neighbor WTP Report:
> ---------------------------
>
> You should probably use phrasing similar to that of Section 4.1.1 to
> specify transport of the Neighbor Report Element in the 802.11 Information
> Element, rather than talking about a new message type.
>

OK. How about changing it to the following:

This document specifies use of the IEEE 802.11 Information Element (Type
1029) that defined in section 6.6 of RFC5416 and IEEE 802.11 Neighbor
Report Element that defined in section 8.4.2.39 of IEEE-802.11.2012 to
carry the neighbor WTP report message.


Cheers,
Dapeng Liu

> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>



-- 

------
Best Regards,
Dapeng Liu

--047d7b6dc25076262504f3755096
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr">Hi Tom,<div><br></div><div>Thanks for your review.</div><d=
iv class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">2014-02-28 5:47=
 GMT+08:00 Tom Taylor <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:tom.taylor.st=
ds@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">tom.taylor.stds@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span>:<b=
r>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-=
left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;p=
adding-left:1ex">Numerous grammatical and stylistic suggestions that I gave=
 you in my first review haven&#39;t made it into the revision, so I won&#39=
;t bother with any more. </blockquote>
<div><br></div><div style>I searched the mailing list and can not find your=
 &quot;grammatical and stylistic suggestions&quot; comments. Do you mind to=
 give me a pointer?=A0</div><div style>=A0<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gm=
ail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-l=
eft-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
However, there are still points where the intention isn&#39;t clear and the=
 text needs to be tightened up.<br>
<br>
Section 4.1.2 regarding antenna configuration:<br>
------------------------------<u></u>----------------<br>
I don&#39;t understand the explanation of this field. It says each bit repr=
esents the number of antennas corresponding to that bit. Taking that litera=
lly, I could see 1+2+...+8 =3D a total of 36 antennas being configured. Is =
this what you mean, or do you mean that there are eight antennas, each bit =
corresponds to one of them, and the bits determine which of those eight ant=
ennas are enabled?<br>
</blockquote><div><br></div><div style>It is the latter case, only eight an=
tennas.</div><div style><br></div><div style>How about adding the following=
 sentence for clarification:</div><div style><br></div><div style>&quot;Onl=
y one bit is allowed to be set to 1.&quot;</div>
<div style><br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px =
0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);bord=
er-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br>
Section 5.1 first paragraph:<br>
----------------------------<br>
<br>
Currently says: &quot;... if those information element is zero ...&quot;<br=
>
Do you mean that literally (I haven&#39;t looked those information elements=
 up), or do you mean: &quot;... if those information elements are not prese=
nt ...&quot;?<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div style>It should be the ch=
annel field of those information element. How about the following sentence?=
</div>
<div style><br></div><div>=A0&quot;If the channel field of those informatio=
n element is set to 0&quot;</div><div><br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_=
quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-=
color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">

<br>
Section 5.3 explanation of scanning procedure:<br>
------------------------------<u></u>----------------<br>
<br>
Do the three parameters that determine scan operation apply to both passive=
 and active scanning, or just to active scanning? I can get the answer by l=
ooking in Section 5.3.1, but it wouldn&#39;t hurt to say it here.<br></bloc=
kquote>
<div><br></div><div style>OK, how about adding a sentence after the first s=
entence in page 9:</div><div style><br></div><div style><pre class=3D"" sty=
le=3D"font-size:1em;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><pre=
 class=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1em;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">
There are three parameters that will determine the working mode of scan: Pr=
imeChlSrvTime, On Channel ScanTime, Off Channel ScanTime.  It applies to bo=
th active and passive scan.</pre><pre class=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1em;mar=
gin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">
<br></pre><pre class=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1em;margin-top:0px;margin-bott=
om:0px"><br></pre><pre class=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1em;margin-top:0px;mar=
gin-bottom:0px"><br></pre><pre class=3D"" style=3D"font-size:1em;margin-top=
:0px;margin-bottom:0px">
<br></pre></pre></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px=
 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);bor=
der-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
Section 5.3.1 Scan Parameter message element:<br>
------------------------------<u></u>---------------<br>
<br>
The M and S bits are described as having values 1 or 2, but are only one bi=
t wide. They should be 0 or 1. </blockquote><div><br></div><div style>Yes. =
I will change its values to 0 and 1.</div><div>=A0</div><blockquote class=
=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;bo=
rder-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
You probably mean to designate that M bit is &quot;WTP oper mode&quot;, not=
 &quot;AP oper mode&quot;.<br>
<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div style>Yes, I will change the &quot;AP&=
quot; to &quot;WTP&quot;.</div><div style>=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gma=
il_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-le=
ft-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">

You may want to specify what L=3D0 and D=3D0 mean.<br></blockquote><div><br=
></div><div style>I will add the following:</div><div style><br></div><div =
style>L=3D0: Disable Load Balance Scan.<br></div><div style>D=3D0: Disable =
Rouge WTP detection scan.<br>
</div><div style>=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin=
:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204)=
;border-left-style:solid;padding-left:1ex">
<br>
5.3.4. Neighbor WTP Report:<br>
---------------------------<br>
<br>
You should probably use phrasing similar to that of Section 4.1.1 to specif=
y transport of the Neighbor Report Element in the 802.11 Information Elemen=
t, rather than talking about a new message type.<br></blockquote><div>
<br></div><div style>OK. How about changing it to the following:</div><div =
style><br></div><div>This document specifies use of the IEEE 802.11 Informa=
tion Element (Type 1029) that defined in section 6.6 of=A0RFC5416 and IEEE =
802.11 Neighbor Report Element that defined in section 8.4.2.39 of IEEE-802=
.11.2012 to carry the neighbor WTP report message.=A0</div>
<div><br></div><div style><br></div><div style>Cheers,</div><div style>Dape=
ng Liu</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0=
.8ex;border-left-width:1px;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-s=
tyle:solid;padding-left:1ex">

______________________________<u></u>_________________<br>
OPSAWG mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">OPSAWG@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg" target=3D"_blank">=
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/<u></u>listinfo/opsawg</a><br>
</blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><div><br></div>-- <br><br>------<b=
r>Best Regards,<br>Dapeng Liu
</div></div>

--047d7b6dc25076262504f3755096--


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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Help with a MANET management draft please
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On 02/27/2014 06:52 AM, Thomas Clausen wrote:
> Question to the OPSAWG chairs:
>
> We'll probably spin a new revision within the IETF week. As we're not
> regulars in OPSAWG we thought we'd ask permission rather than
> forgiveness, as to how you run usually: shall we forward the announce
> to this list (and to MANET, of course), or is this noise you'd rather
> be without?

Speaking strictly for myself, as long as it's topical to opsawg
and it's productive discussion, it's signal, not noise, and I'm
good with it.

Melinda


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On 28/02/2014 5:58 AM, Liu Dapeng wrote:
> Hi Tom,
>
> Thanks for your review.
>
>
> 2014-02-28 5:47 GMT+08:00 Tom Taylor <tom.taylor.stds@gmail.com>:
>
>> Numerous grammatical and stylistic suggestions that I gave you in my first
>> review haven't made it into the revision, so I won't bother with any more.
>
>
> I searched the mailing list and can not find your "grammatical and
> stylistic suggestions" comments. Do you mind to give me a pointer?
>
[PTT] Sorry, I sent it to you privately as a marked-up .docx on 7 Nov 
2013. It's only 19 kB, so I suppose I could send it to the list too, or 
just resend it. Alternatively I could work directly on something you 
send me. Let me know.

>
>> However, there are still points where the intention isn't clear and the
>> text needs to be tightened up.
>>
>> Section 4.1.2 regarding antenna configuration:
>> ----------------------------------------------
>> I don't understand the explanation of this field. It says each bit
>> represents the number of antennas corresponding to that bit. Taking that
>> literally, I could see 1+2+...+8 = a total of 36 antennas being configured.
>> Is this what you mean, or do you mean that there are eight antennas, each
>> bit corresponds to one of them, and the bits determine which of those eight
>> antennas are enabled?
>>
>
> It is the latter case, only eight antennas.
>
> How about adding the following sentence for clarification:
>
> "Only one bit is allowed to be set to 1."

[PTT] If that is so, why do you need 8 bits and not just 3 (if you 
number the antennas starting from 0)? Are you sure this isn't a matter 
of configuring a specific set of antennas, so that multiple bits can be 
set? For example, 10010000 enables antennas 8 and 5 and disables the rest?
>
>
>> Section 5.1 first paragraph:
>> ----------------------------
>>
>> Currently says: "... if those information element is zero ..."
>> Do you mean that literally (I haven't looked those information elements
>> up), or do you mean: "... if those information elements are not present
>> ..."?
>>
>
> It should be the channel field of those information element. How about the
> following sentence?
>
>   "If the channel field of those information element is set to 0"
>
>
>> Section 5.3 explanation of scanning procedure:
>> ----------------------------------------------
>>
>> Do the three parameters that determine scan operation apply to both
>> passive and active scanning, or just to active scanning? I can get the
>> answer by looking in Section 5.3.1, but it wouldn't hurt to say it here.
>>
>
> OK, how about adding a sentence after the first sentence in page 9:
>
> There are three parameters that will determine the working mode of
> scan: PrimeChlSrvTime, On Channel ScanTime, Off Channel ScanTime.  It
> applies to both active and passive scan.
>
[PTT] I believe the definitions of the On and Off Channel Scan Time 
parameters say that they apply to active mode only.
>
>
>
>
> Section 5.3.1 Scan Parameter message element:
>> ---------------------------------------------
>>
>> The M and S bits are described as having values 1 or 2, but are only one
>> bit wide. They should be 0 or 1.
>
>
> Yes. I will change its values to 0 and 1.
>
>
>> You probably mean to designate that M bit is "WTP oper mode", not "AP oper
>> mode".
>>
>>
> Yes, I will change the "AP" to "WTP".
>
>
>> You may want to specify what L=0 and D=0 mean.
>>
>
> I will add the following:
>
> L=0: Disable Load Balance Scan.
> D=0: Disable Rouge WTP detection scan.
>
>
>>
>> 5.3.4. Neighbor WTP Report:
>> ---------------------------
>>
>> You should probably use phrasing similar to that of Section 4.1.1 to
>> specify transport of the Neighbor Report Element in the 802.11 Information
>> Element, rather than talking about a new message type.
>>
>
> OK. How about changing it to the following:
>
> This document specifies use of the IEEE 802.11 Information Element (Type
> 1029) that defined in section 6.6 of RFC5416 and IEEE 802.11 Neighbor
> Report Element that defined in section 8.4.2.39 of IEEE-802.11.2012 to
> carry the neighbor WTP report message.
>
[PTT] The point is that there is no such thing as the neighbour WTP 
report message. The sentence should be:

"This document specifies use of the IEEE 802.11 Information Element 
(Type 1029) defined in section 6.6 of RFC5416 to carry the IEEE 802.11 
Neighbor Report Element defined in section 8.4.2.39 of 
[IEEE-802.11.2012], possibly along with other IEEE 802.11 elements."
>
> Cheers,
> Dapeng Liu
>
>> _______________________________________________
>> OPSAWG mailing list
>> OPSAWG@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>>
>
>
>

