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From: li zhenqiang <li_zhenqiang@hotmail.com>
To: opsawg-chairs <opsawg-chairs@ietf.org>, opsawg <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: WGLC request for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community-04.txt
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Date: Tue, 2 Jan 2018 02:21:42 +0000
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/opsawg/emo2RZdpEqKOFIU5Nkg-3yVoZXs>
Subject: [OPSAWG] WGLC request for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community-04.txt
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From nobody Tue Jan  2 11:16:50 2018
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From: Suresh Kumar Vinapamula Venkata <sureshk@juniper.net>
To: Joe Clarke <jclarke@cisco.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>, "draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang@ietf.org" <draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: IPR CALL: Please disclose any IPR related to draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang
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Date: Tue, 2 Jan 2018 19:16:42 +0000
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From: Kathleen Moriarty <kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 4 Jan 2018 13:13:39 -0500
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To: Ines Robles <mariainesrobles@googlemail.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Rtgdir last call review of draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13
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Hello Ines,

Thanks again for your review.  Edits have been made in our working
version that we hope to post soon.

On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 9:27 PM, Kathleen Moriarty
<kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:
> Ines,
>
> Thank you very much for your review!  We're working on the comments
> received and the nits you found will be addressed and are much
> appreciated.
>
> Best regards,
> Kathleen
>
> On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 4:59 PM, Ines Robles
> <mariainesrobles@googlemail.com> wrote:
>> Reviewer: Ines Robles
>> Review result: Ready
>>
>> RtgDir review: draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13.txt
>>
>> Hello,
>>
>> I have been selected as the Routing Directorate reviewer for this draft. The
>> Routing Directorate seeks to review all routing or routing-related drafts as
>> they pass through IETF last call and IESG review, and sometimes on special
>> request. The purpose of the review is to provide assistance to the Routing ADs.
>> For more information about the Routing Directorate, please see
>> http://trac.tools.ietf.org/area/rtg/trac/wiki/RtgDir
>>
>> Although these comments are primarily for the use of the Routing ADs, it would
>> be helpful if you could consider them along with any other IETF Last Call
>> comments that you receive, and strive to resolve them through discussion or by
>> updating the draft.
>>
>> Document: Effect of Pervasive Encryption on Operators -
>> draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13 Reviewer: Ines Robles Review Date: 12-11-2017
>> Intended status: Informational
>>
>> Summary:
>> This document discusses current security and network management practices to
>> help guide protocol development in support of manageable, secure networks.
>>
>> The draft is ready, few typos found.
>>
>> Comments:
>>
>> I believe the draft is technically good. This document is well written and
>> clear to understand.
>>
>> Major Issues:
>>
>> No major issues found.
>>
>> Minor Issues:
>>
>> Section 2:
>>
>> "... Following the Snowden revelations,..." => It would be nice to add some
>> references here

Yes, the problem we have had so far is finding ones that aren't
articles that may not be stable.  A quick search pulls up new ones
like the following:
http://fortune.com/2016/04/25/snowden-encryption-james-clapper/

We'll have to try again to find an academic publication.

>>
>> Section 2.2.5:
>> "DRM..."=> I would expand it to  Digital Rights Management (DRM)

Added, thank you!

>>
>> Section 6:
>>
>> inlcudes=> includes

Fixed, thanks.
>>
>> Section 6.1:
>> "information For example" => period missing?

Ack, thanks!
>>
>> Section 6.2:
>> "soltuions" -> solutions
Fixed.
>>
>> Section 7.1 title:
>> "Encypted" => Encrypted
Fixed.

Thanks for your review!


>>
>>
>
>
>
> --
>
> Best regards,
> Kathleen



-- 

Best regards,
Kathleen


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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Christian's review of draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13
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Christian,

Thanks for your review.  I'll respond inline to make sure we hit each
point raised.  The next version posted may not address your points,
but the subsequent update should and I expect to have that out soon.

On Fri, Dec 8, 2017 at 11:25 AM, Kathleen Moriarty
<kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:
> Thank you, Christain and others for your reviews.  Our running draft
> has addressed most comments received by mid-IETF week.  We are working
> on the others.  We also received some comments from Kyle Rose and
> Brandon Williams and are working to address those as well.
>
> We'll respond on list when we get to this set of comments.
>
> Best regards,
> Kathleen
>
> On Mon, Dec 4, 2017 at 11:23 AM, Christian Huitema <huitema@huitema.net> wrote:
>> The high level summary is that draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt version 13 is
>> significantly improved from previous versions, but that the document
>> would benefit a lot from additional work. I am not convinced that the
>> sections on data center and enterprises belong in this specific document
>> - they seem too high level to bring serious information to readers.
>> Maybe stage a separate document to survey enterprise issues in some
>> depth? I also feel that section 7 is way too speculative for a survey
>> document.

Section 7 was previously an appendix and maybe belongs back as an
appendix, we need to figure that out.  There is one particular case
that a commenter saw the value of access (where he didn't in most
places) that we may need to figure out how to keep that in the body as
helpful text.

Since the comments on data center and enterprises is opinion, I'll
leave the text in for now.  Thanks.

>>
>> I have been using the "side by side" feature of the IETF web site to
>> compare the last draft that I reviewed (draft 10) and the current draft
>> (draft 13). That tools shows the high volume of changes and
>> reorganization that happens between these two versions. These changes
>> generally make the document more balanced, and that's a welcomed
>> development. There are however many places where I find that the
>> documents lists controversial techniques without sufficient caveats. I
>> will list some of them in the reminder of this review.

Thanks.  There have been a number of conversations on this, the main
point I have been left with from those is the up front disclaimer is
enough (IESG discussion).  The discussion was that it would be
redundant to make the point over and over agin, but preferred to work
on a neutral tone.

>>
>> The introduction and the summary have been rewritten to clearly place
>> the document in perspective. The previous versions could be read as a
>> plea to stop encrypting traffic so previous management practices could
>> continue. The new introduction makes clear that the IETF needs to
>> prevent pervasive monitoring and improve the users' privacy, and that
>> the goal of the document is to list areas in which current management
>> practice need to evolve, or areas where substitute practices have to be
>> found. I also appreciate the note that "some of  (current management
>> practices) have been considered controversial from a technical or
>> business perspective or contradictory to previous IETF statements" --
>> and the implicit implication that the IETF will not attempt to restore
>> all of these.
>>
>> 2.  Network Service Provider Monitoring
>>
>> Section 2, "Network Service Provider Monitoring", has been reorganized
>> to focus on management goals rather than simply provide a list of
>> existing management tools. The description of the trouble shooting tasks
>> in section 2.2 is useful. It makes the point that "application server
>> operators using increased encryption should expect to be called upon
>> more frequently to assist with debugging and troubleshooting", and that
>> could lead to some interesting work in the IETF.
>>
>> There is paragraph at the end of section 2.1.2, Troubleshooting, that
>> states that "the push for encryption by application providers has been
>> motivated by the application of the described techniques." I think that
>> paragraph is misplaced. As far as I can tell, the application providers
>> are first concerned with "content management" techniques that modify
>> the data stream. Any change of content has the potential to generate
>> bugs that are difficult for the application provider to fix. The second
>> concern is "ossification", when traffic characterization based on
>> inferred features of the application traffic leads to adverse
>> consequences when the application or transport protocols evolve. Neither
>> of those is directly relevant to the "troubleshooting" task. Maybe move
>> that paragraph higher in the document, e.g. in the introduction of
>> section 2? If not that, then maybe move it to section 2.2.2, since one
>> purpose of application encryption is indeed to defeat differential
>> treatment in the network.

I see your point, but am hesitant to move the text up since there is
no other general description text in that section heading and this
just covers applications.  I want to comb through all of section 2
again after this sweep of comments, so we may do a bit more to improve
this as well within a wider scope of organizational changes.

>>
>> I find the discussion of load balancers in section 2.2.1 somewhat
>> confusing. It seems to cover three functions: load balancers in data
>> centers, load balancers integrated with the network, and a network
>> management function that tries to maintain proper connectivity to
>> anycast addresses services in the presence of mobility. It might be
>> useful to move the discussion of "classic" load balancers to section 3,
>> and to discuss the problem of anycast continuity in a separate
>> subsection. The anycast discussion seems to assume that the network
>> operator alone has to deal with the supposed inadequacies of the
>> application providers. It seems obvious that this problem would be much
>> better solved by improved handling of mobility in content distribution
>> networks, rather than by some complex machinery in the network itself.
>> This might need to be stated.
>>
>> Section 2.2.2 on Deep Packet Inspection could state that it is very
>> often possible to classify traffic based on analysis of the encrypted
>> data. Audio stream, video streams and web traffic have very different
>> signatures, even when encrypted. At the same time, it should also note
>> that many application providers are actively working to defeat the
>> "unilateral" traffic classification enabled by these techniques,
>> complementing encryption with various techniques like multiplexing or
>> padding. We could well observe an arms race between more powerful
>> network based analysis and smarter application hiding.
>>
>> The discussion of performance enhancing proxies in section 2.2.3 states
>> that "This optimization at network edges measurably improves real-time
>> transmission over long delay Internet paths or networks with large
>> capacity-variation (such as mobile/cellular networks)." This is not a
>> consensual statement. Operators do indeed hope that deploying such
>> proxies will improve performance, but independent measurements have
>> shown that such proxies often in fact degrade performance. The studies
>> that show improvement tend to be based on old network technologies, or
>> on ancient TCP stacks. If the authors want to keep a statement like
>> that, they should add references to actual measurements. At a minimum,
>> the text should note that many application providers disagree with the
>> assessment presented here, and that the development of encrypted
>> transports such as QUIC is largely motivated by the desire to mitigate
>> the negative effects of such "performance-dehancing" proxies.

 Do you have references to the studies you are referring to as that
would be helpful.  Thanks.
>>
>> The discussion of caching in section 2.2.5 correctly states the tension
>> between network usage and application control. It could also state the
>> inherent privacy risk associated with network based caches: they will
>> provide a log of which users accessed what cached content. There is a
>> reference to draft-thomson-http-bc-01, but as far as I know the authors
>> have abandoned it, in part because they could not solve the related
>> privacy issues. In any case, that draft expired several month ago, and
>> the reference is probably not appropriate.

Other comments led to that text being updated for the next version.
The comments received took this as one of many examples, perhaps there
is a better example that could be used instead of this draft?

          Alternate approaches such as blind caches <xref
          target="I-D.thomson-http-bc"/> are being explored to allow caching
          of encrypted content; however, they still require cooperation between
          the content owners or CDNs and blind caches and fall outside the scope
          of what is covered in this document.  Content delegation solves a data
          visibility problem with the delegated cache, the impact remains for
          the use case where HTTPS encryption limits visibility to offload from
          congested links.


>>
>> In section 2.3.3, Application Layer Gateways, I was wishing it would say
>> something about IPv6. But then of course most IPv6 deployments today
>> involve a form of NAT64...

If you have text to suggest, we'd be happy to incorporate it.

>>
>> Section 2.3.4 documents the "HTTP Header Insertion" technique. The
>> relation between that technique and "Network Service Provider
>> Monitoring" is unclear -- header insertion is certainly not a network
>> monitoring tool. It is also a highly controversial tool, as documented
>> for example in
>> https://www.theverge.com/2016/3/7/11173010/verizon-supercookie-fine-1-3-million-fcc.
>> I wonder whether it is appropriate to describe this at all in a document
>> dedicated to network management, and my simple suggestion would be to
>> just remove that section altogether. Failing that, the text needs to be
>> modified to note the controversial nature of the process, and its impact
>> on privacy. The authors could also note that the function could be
>> trivially implemented in the client's browsers if it was really needed
>> and approved by the users. There is no technical need to have anything
>> like that "in the network".

I see your point, but operators wanted this text in, so how about a
modification to the last sentence to try to balance it out more?  As I
read the text, it describes invasive uses, so I thought that it was
clearly something the was not without controversy.

         When HTTP connections are encrypted to protect users privacy,
mobile network service
          providers cannot insert headers to accomplish the, sometimes
considered controversial, functions
          above.
>>
>> 3.  Encryption in Hosting SP Environments
>>
>> After examining network monitoring in section 2, the draft continues
>> with an analysis of "Hosting SP Environments" in section 3, and section
>> 4 describes "Encryption for Enterprises". I assume that the initials SP
>> stand for "Service Provider" -- spelling it out would not hurt. I really
>> wonder whether these sections belong in the document at all, rather than
>> being published in separate documents. "Hosting Service Provider
>> Environments" appears to be a subset of the general "Data Center"
>> problem. It is true that some network providers also provide data center
>> services for their customers, but these network providers represent only
>> a small fraction of the service hosting industry. Similarly, some
>> network providers provide services to enterprises, but there is a wide
>> variety of enterprises. It is hard to believe that the authors of an
>> individual draft have authority to speak at the same time about network
>> services, data centers, and enterprises. In my opinion, it would be
>> simpler to just excise section 3 and 4 from this draft, and use the
>> content as input for specific drafts describing issues in data centers
>> and enterprises.
>>
I'd prefer to keep these sections separate and think others feel the
same way.  Hosted data centers can occur in several layers as well.  I
work for a very large company that provides hosted infrastructure as a
service, where others offer hybrid cloud options and other outsourcing
options (application service providers, etc.) on top of this layer.
It seems you may be thinking of this as a higher level of data center
offerings than what is deployed in industry.  I'd prefer not to get
into listing them out as we would certainly miss some and it could be
a confusing list that doesn't help the point of the draft.  4 may not
be just for enterprise outsourcing options as in the IAAS example
provided.


>> In any case, I am puzzled by the reference to Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
>> in the introduction of section 3.1. Data exfiltration is indeed a
>> security issue, but I knew it primarily as an issue in enterprise
>> networks. It does indeed become an issue in data centers when an
>> enterprise application is hosted outside the data center, but it is a
>> bit strange to see the first reference there. I already suggested to
>> move section 3 and 4 out to a different document. Failing that, I would
>> suggest reversing the order of section 3 and 4, i.e., discuss enterprise
>> issues first and data center issues next.

I think it was contributed there as a result of offerings to
customers.  Before removing it, we'd have to get confirmation that it
isn't a service provided to many enterprises with outsourced
solutions.  I am pretty sure I had confirmed this point previously as
RSA offers multiple DLP solutions at several layers.  With a quick
glance, RSA has cloud and data center buzz words in their product
offering descriptions in addition to network and endpoint.

>>
>> The discussion of Customer Access Monitoring in section 3.1.1 is a bit
>> strange. Most applications control customer access based on the customer
>> identity, not based on the IP addresses of the customer -- the whole
>> point of the "cloud" is that applications can be accessed from anywhere.
>> Some applications do perform additional checks, mainly as a defense
>> against stolen credentials, and would attempt to block access if the
>> network location does not look plausible for this specific user. These
>> are useful techniques, but the relation with encryption of data is
>> somewhat thin. It seems to reinforce my point that data center issues
>> would best be discussed in a separate document.
>>

There are certainly access restrictions based on IP and protocol
information, which a 5-tuple and a 2-tuple are often adequate.  If you
are an administrator from a company who outsourced for infrastructure
and some application support, management access of your customer
application might be a simple example where this is still used.  Sure,
users are mobile, but they could VPN to their company network and
connect from an approved IP.  I think some of the use cases described
are examples that are fine and encryption is a very small shift.  In
some of the examples, they serve as possible ways forward for the
other use cases that haven't adapted yet.  Boiling down the details
and showing that log improvements and transaction monitoring
improvements in the application or changes in protocols could ease
this transition is important IMO.  It's been a helpful process for
some of the participants and I hope it helps for future protocol
development to engage in these tough discussions understanding the
perspectives on either end of this debate better.

>> The reminder of section 3 appears to be a high level tutorial on the
>> operation of data centers. It is not clear that there is a particular
>> problem with encryption there. Indeed, I note that a lot of operators of
>> big data centers, such as for example AWS, Azure or Google, have
>> voluntarily pushed for increased used of encryption. I don't learn much
>> by reading these sections, and I question whether they belong in the draft.

I'll read through it again in a final sweep.  We haven't gotten
complaints about this text, but I'll note your concern in my sweep.

>>
>> 4.  Encryption for Enterprises
>>
>> The discussion on encryption in enterprises would probably benefit from
>> input by a variety of enterprise network managers. I found the
>> discussion somewhat hard to read. It seems that the authors want to
>> tackle three issues: the enterprise as a target for security attacks,
>> the enterprise as an application provider, and the enterprise as a
>> network provider. These are discussed in sections 4.1.1, 4.1.2, and
>> 4.1.3.
>>
>> The description of attacks in 4.1.1 is somewhat high level. It starts
>> from the statement that "A significant portion of malware hides its
>> activity within TLS or other encrypted protocols" to draw a requirement
>> to monitor encrypted traffic, when in practice there are many other
>> monitoring points, from endpoint monitoring to data base activity logs
>> to logs at network authentication servers -- as stated in the last
>> paragraph of the section.
>>
>> The monitoring of application performance in enterprises appears
>> strangely focused on the "IPv6 Destination Option Header (DOH)
>> implementation of Performance and Diagnostic Metrics (PDM)". I
>> understand that most big applications solve their monitoring need by
>> implementing some form of telemetry, which is not affected at all by
>> encryption, yet I see no mention of this telemetry approach in the
>> discussion.

Different data centers operate with different architectures and
approaches. We'd be happy to get text from other network operators.
I'll also do a sweep of this section and see if I can update it a bit
more to help along these points. It may come in an update following
the next one.

>>
>> I had a hard time reading section 4.1.3, Enterprise Network Diagnostics
>> and Troubleshooting. It seems to cover a variety of techniques meant to
>> monitor application services without actually instrumenting the
>> application, and as such is not very convincing.

Yes, the problem conveyed to us is that there are way too many
applications that do a poor job of providing troubleshooting data,
that it is hard to get this to an improved state.  Since this was
discussed a few years ago, I started putting comments on drafts to
request text on logging to help in the long term.  The organizations
with these issues have also started reaching out to offending
application developers, but it a long road.  It is recognized that
it's a better long term option.  I'll see what we can do with the text
on this front.

>>
>> The meat of section 4 appears to be in section 4.2, which is covering
>> the issue of data loss prevention, and generally detection of data
>> exfiltration. Again, this is an issue that would be worth a specialized
>> draft.
>>
>> 5.  Security Monitoring for Specific Attack Types
>>
>> Looks fine, and this review is already very long.

Ack, thanks.

>>
>> 6.  Application-based Flow Information Visible to a Network
>>
>> Do we need this section at all? It seems that most of the information
>> could be captured by adding a small subsection to 2.1. Passive Monitoring.

IPFIX was added at the request of Benoit to more fully cover network
management protocols in the document.  Brian Trammell provided that
text, so the next version will have an improved section 6.

>>
>> 7.  Impact on Mobility Network Optimizations and New Services
>>
>> This section appears to be a mix of replication of statements already
>> made in section 2, and some speculation on the effect of transport
>> header encryption, such as deployed in Web RTC (SCTP over DTLS) or
>> planned in QUIC. There are active discussions in the QUIC WG to provide
>> alternative to transport header inspection for RTT monitoring, and
>> possibly also for packet loss monitoring.
>>
>> Contrarily to the rest of the document, this section seems speculative
>> in nature. It discusses the possible effects of transport header
>> encryption on the possible deployment of new services, which do not
>> appear to be based on any IETF standard. I think the document would be
>> stronger if some of the content of section 7 was moved to the
>> appropriate part of section 2, and if the speculative statements were
>> published as a separate document.

We need to look at section 7 closer and will do so either in the next
version or one that follows shortly there after.

>>
>> 8.  Response to Increased Encryption and Looking Forward
>>
>> Looks reasonable.

Thanks for your review and helpful comments!  Would you be okay with
an ack for your review and comments in the draft?

>>
>> -- Christian Huitema
>>
>>
>
>
>
> --
>
> Best regards,
> Kathleen



-- 

Best regards,
Kathleen


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Hello James,

Thank you for your review and suggestions, responses are inline.

On Fri, Dec 8, 2017 at 1:53 PM, james woodyatt <jhw@google.com> wrote:
> On Dec 4, 2017, at 08:23, Christian Huitema <huitema@huitema.net> wrote:
>>
>> In section 2.3.3, Application Layer Gateways, I was wishing it would say
>> something about IPv6. But then of course most IPv6 deployments today
>> involve a form of NAT64...
>
> That section leaves unmentioned a vast array of open questions related to=
 IPv6-layer security filters and the problem of application layer gateways.

If there are specific problems that are encountered with session
encryption that you think should be added, please provide text and
explain if it is with encryption that leaves a 5-tuple or 2-tuple
available and what other metadata is typically used.

>
> It contains an extended discussion of the ALG functions in one example ca=
se-- and not a particularly good one I would say-- the RTSP protocol, which=
 in the presence of an ALG, depends on the parties performing it in clearte=
xt, or it alternatively requires a proxy being a participant in the securit=
y protocol. The issues it describes apply to RTSP over both IPv4 and IPv6 i=
n the presence of stateful filters that deny unsolicited inbound flows. Bot=
h NAT44 and NAT64 depend on such stateful filters, and "Simple Security in =
IPv6 Gateway CPE=E2=80=9D [RFC 6092] is an example of a place where the iss=
ue applies in the absence of any network address translation.

Hmm, we do have text elsewhere in the draft on the problems with RSTP
for operators.  In looking at RFC6092, that is specific to small
offices and home gateways, which we don't cover in this draft.  Since
the issues are already covered in that RFC, are you suggesting an
addition here?  I'm not sure it's a fit.

>
> Some history might be worth recalling here, at the risk of yet again bein=
g That Guy Who Told You So.
>
> Because I=E2=80=99m a bitter old man, I like to go back to =E2=80=9CLocal=
 Network Protection for IPv6=E2=80=9D [RFC 4864]. Specifically, =C2=A74.2 I=
Pv6 and Simple Security. This document, while Informational, is the point i=
n our history where IETF formally published a statement acknowledging that =
IPv6 would absolutely always have the same problem with needing trustworthy=
 ALGs and proxies in the network that IPv4 does.

I think this also boils down to architectural decisions.  There are
ways to perform many of the functions multiple ways, this document
doesn't go much into the alternate option of proxying the encrypted
traffic since that will still be possible with TLS 1.3.

>
> The key sentence there is this one:
>
>>> These should provide a default configuration where incoming traffic is =
limited to return traffic resulting from outgoing packets (sometimes known =
as reflective session state).
>
> After this document was published, and the howling subsided, some of us t=
hought it would be a good idea to describe the behavioral requirements of t=
his IPv6 "Simple Security" function in the same way that RFC 4787 and RFC 5=
382 do for UDP and TCP, respectively, in the IPv4/NAT case. Which is why we=
 now have "Simple Security in IPv6 Gateway CPE=E2=80=9D [RFC 6092].
>
> When RFC 6092 was in development, an early draft revision had a section a=
bout recommendations for various application layer gateways, e.g. RTSP+RTP,=
 L2TP+IKE+IPsec/ESP, FTP, et cetera. The final draft didn=E2=80=99t include=
 any of that, because consensus emerged around the idea that IPv6 simple se=
curity functions should not *need* any ALGs, and they should instead includ=
e a generic service for applications to use in soliciting inbound flows fro=
m unknown remote addresses. This entailed having the usual IETF tussle over=
 competing non-standard solutions, i.e. UPnP-IGD vs. NAT-PMP. It was unreso=
lved at the time RFC 6092 was published. It would still take some time befo=
re "Port Control Protocol (PCP)" [RFC 6887] would settle that debate.
>
> Which is why REC-48 is written with such curiously vague text:
>
>>> Internet gateways with IPv6 simple security capabilities SHOULD impleme=
nt a protocol to permit applications to solicit inbound traffic without adv=
ance knowledge of the addresses of exterior nodes with which they expect to=
 communicate.
>
> Were we to revise RFC 6092 today, I would like to see this amended to rec=
ommend PCP specifically. If there is an RFC anywhere that specifically asse=
rts that deploying PCP servers in NAT64 and IPv6 firewall devices is Best C=
urrent Practice, then I=E2=80=99m unaware of it. It would be nice.

I'm not aware of one either, I don't think that exists.

>
> With hindsight, I was right to harbor pessimism about the rosy prediction=
s, favored by some IETF participants, for the future of IPv6 without simple=
 security gateways everywhere, entailing the need for an array of ALGs and =
proxies in every gateway, with the consequential impediment to application =
protocol evolution created thereby. It turns out that =E2=80=9CLocal Networ=
k Protection for IPv6=E2=80=9D [RFC 4864] really was a BCP in an Informatio=
nal drag, which is the case I remember making here all those years ago.
>
> With respect to NAT64, it=E2=80=99s worth reviewing =E2=80=9CNAT64 Deploy=
ment Options and Experience=E2=80=9D [RFC 7269], which is Informational, an=
d it discusses both PCP and "An FTP Application Layer Gateway (ALG) for IPv=
6-to-IPv4 Translation=E2=80=9D [RFC 6384], as an example of a case where we=
 recognized that ubiquitous stateful filtering and denial of unsolicited in=
bound flows would entail the placement of application layer gateways and pr=
oxies in the network. Why do IPv6 FTP clients require RFC 6384? Because the=
y don=E2=80=99t have PCP clients in them, and there are no PCP servers anyw=
ay.
>
> Now it=E2=80=99s almost 2018, and we are finally discovering that pervasi=
ve encryption requires ALGs and proxies to be trusted by all parties in the=
 application protocol. And this is painful. Because new host application pr=
otocols aren=E2=80=99t even developed to use PCP. Because PCP servers haven=
=E2=80=99t been deployed anywhere. Because everything is terrible, and ever=
yone would love to keep it that way. Or, at least, it seems so to me. Becau=
se I=E2=80=99m a bitter old man.
>
> I honestly don=E2=80=99t know if there is anything useful to say about AL=
Gs in this document beyond simply acknowledging somewhere that they=E2=80=
=99re all necessarily broken by pervasive end-to-end encryption and operato=
rs who value administrative privacy, user tracking and/or topology hiding s=
hould consider the utility of secure application level proxies instead.

Thanks for your input.  We are not including solutions in the draft
intentionally (as much as possible).  If you have specific text about
ALGs that should be added, please do provide it, but please have it
specific to the goals of the draft - documenting the function impacted
by encryption and the data used currently when sessions are not
encrypted so there can be some assessment of impact.  Of course the
use of proxies are slower than many other solutions and not always an
option or good idea.

>
>
> --james woodyatt <jhw@google.com>
>
>
>



--=20

Best regards,
Kathleen


From nobody Fri Jan  5 14:06:13 2018
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A new version (-14) has been submitted for draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt:
https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-14.txt


The IETF datatracker page for this Internet-Draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt/

Diff from previous version:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-14

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until the diff is available at tools.ietf.org.

IETF Secretariat.


From nobody Sat Jan  6 22:02:36 2018
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Subject: [OPSAWG] Genart early review of draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang-09
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Reviewer: Roni Even
Review result: Ready

I am the assigned Gen-ART reviewer for this draft. THis is an early review. 
Please treat these comments just like any other last call comments.

For more information, please see the FAQ at

<https://trac.ietf.org/trac/gen/wiki/GenArtfaq>.

Document:draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang-09
Reviewer: Roni Even
Review Date: January 7th, 2018
IETF LC End Date:
IESG Telechat date: (if known)

Summary:

I have no comments about the document text. I am not a Yang expert so did not
verify the correctness of the Yang module

Major issues:

Minor issues:

Nits/editorial comments:



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To: "mohamed.boucadair@orange.com" <mohamed.boucadair@orange.com>, "Joe Clarke (jclarke)" <jclarke@cisco.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>, "draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang@ietf.org" <draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang@ietf.org>
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Thread-Topic: IPR CALL: Please disclose any IPR related to draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] IPR CALL: Please disclose any IPR related to draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang
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From: Ines  Robles <mariainesrobles@googlemail.com>
Date: Mon, 8 Jan 2018 19:51:54 +0200
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To: Kathleen Moriarty <kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com>
Cc: rtg-dir@ietf.org, draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt.all@ietf.org,  IETF <ietf@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Rtgdir last call review of draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13
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--001a113eb73a32da9e0562477435
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

Hi Kathleen,

Ok, thank you for the feedback.

Best,

Ines.

2018-01-04 20:13 GMT+02:00 Kathleen Moriarty <
kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com>:

> Hello Ines,
>
> Thanks again for your review.  Edits have been made in our working
> version that we hope to post soon.
>
> On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 9:27 PM, Kathleen Moriarty
> <kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:
> > Ines,
> >
> > Thank you very much for your review!  We're working on the comments
> > received and the nits you found will be addressed and are much
> > appreciated.
> >
> > Best regards,
> > Kathleen
> >
> > On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 4:59 PM, Ines Robles
> > <mariainesrobles@googlemail.com> wrote:
> >> Reviewer: Ines Robles
> >> Review result: Ready
> >>
> >> RtgDir review: draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13.txt
> >>
> >> Hello,
> >>
> >> I have been selected as the Routing Directorate reviewer for this
> draft. The
> >> Routing Directorate seeks to review all routing or routing-related
> drafts as
> >> they pass through IETF last call and IESG review, and sometimes on
> special
> >> request. The purpose of the review is to provide assistance to the
> Routing ADs.
> >> For more information about the Routing Directorate, please see
> >> http://trac.tools.ietf.org/area/rtg/trac/wiki/RtgDir
> >>
> >> Although these comments are primarily for the use of the Routing ADs,
> it would
> >> be helpful if you could consider them along with any other IETF Last
> Call
> >> comments that you receive, and strive to resolve them through
> discussion or by
> >> updating the draft.
> >>
> >> Document: Effect of Pervasive Encryption on Operators -
> >> draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13 Reviewer: Ines Robles Review Date:
> 12-11-2017
> >> Intended status: Informational
> >>
> >> Summary:
> >> This document discusses current security and network management
> practices to
> >> help guide protocol development in support of manageable, secure
> networks.
> >>
> >> The draft is ready, few typos found.
> >>
> >> Comments:
> >>
> >> I believe the draft is technically good. This document is well written
> and
> >> clear to understand.
> >>
> >> Major Issues:
> >>
> >> No major issues found.
> >>
> >> Minor Issues:
> >>
> >> Section 2:
> >>
> >> "... Following the Snowden revelations,..." => It would be nice to add
> some
> >> references here
>
> Yes, the problem we have had so far is finding ones that aren't
> articles that may not be stable.  A quick search pulls up new ones
> like the following:
> http://fortune.com/2016/04/25/snowden-encryption-james-clapper/
>
> We'll have to try again to find an academic publication.
>
> >>
> >> Section 2.2.5:
> >> "DRM..."=> I would expand it to  Digital Rights Management (DRM)
>
> Added, thank you!
>
> >>
> >> Section 6:
> >>
> >> inlcudes=> includes
>
> Fixed, thanks.
> >>
> >> Section 6.1:
> >> "information For example" => period missing?
>
> Ack, thanks!
> >>
> >> Section 6.2:
> >> "soltuions" -> solutions
> Fixed.
> >>
> >> Section 7.1 title:
> >> "Encypted" => Encrypted
> Fixed.
>
> Thanks for your review!
>
>
> >>
> >>
> >
> >
> >
> > --
> >
> > Best regards,
> > Kathleen
>
>
>
> --
>
> Best regards,
> Kathleen
>

--001a113eb73a32da9e0562477435
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
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<div dir=3D"ltr">Hi Kathleen,<div><br></div><div>Ok, thank you for the feed=
back.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div><br></div><div>Ines.</div></=
div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">2018-01-04 20=
:13 GMT+02:00 Kathleen Moriarty <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:kat=
hleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gma=
il.com</a>&gt;</span>:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin=
:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Hello Ines,<br>
<br>
Thanks again for your review.=C2=A0 Edits have been made in our working<br>
version that we hope to post soon.<br>
<div><div class=3D"h5"><br>
On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 9:27 PM, Kathleen Moriarty<br>
&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com">kathleen.moriarty.i=
etf@gmail.<wbr>com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; Ines,<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Thank you very much for your review!=C2=A0 We&#39;re working on the co=
mments<br>
&gt; received and the nits you found will be addressed and are much<br>
&gt; appreciated.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Best regards,<br>
&gt; Kathleen<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 4:59 PM, Ines Robles<br>
&gt; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:mariainesrobles@googlemail.com">mariainesrobles@=
googlemail.<wbr>com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt; Reviewer: Ines Robles<br>
&gt;&gt; Review result: Ready<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; RtgDir review: draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13.<wbr>txt<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Hello,<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; I have been selected as the Routing Directorate reviewer for this =
draft. The<br>
&gt;&gt; Routing Directorate seeks to review all routing or routing-related=
 drafts as<br>
&gt;&gt; they pass through IETF last call and IESG review, and sometimes on=
 special<br>
&gt;&gt; request. The purpose of the review is to provide assistance to the=
 Routing ADs.<br>
&gt;&gt; For more information about the Routing Directorate, please see<br>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"http://trac.tools.ietf.org/area/rtg/trac/wiki/RtgDir" r=
el=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://trac.tools.ietf.org/<wbr>area/rt=
g/trac/wiki/RtgDir</a><br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Although these comments are primarily for the use of the Routing A=
Ds, it would<br>
&gt;&gt; be helpful if you could consider them along with any other IETF La=
st Call<br>
&gt;&gt; comments that you receive, and strive to resolve them through disc=
ussion or by<br>
&gt;&gt; updating the draft.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Document: Effect of Pervasive Encryption on Operators -<br>
&gt;&gt; draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13 Reviewer: Ines Robles Review Date: 1=
2-11-2017<br>
&gt;&gt; Intended status: Informational<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Summary:<br>
&gt;&gt; This document discusses current security and network management pr=
actices to<br>
&gt;&gt; help guide protocol development in support of manageable, secure n=
etworks.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; The draft is ready, few typos found.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Comments:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; I believe the draft is technically good. This document is well wri=
tten and<br>
&gt;&gt; clear to understand.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Major Issues:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; No major issues found.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Minor Issues:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Section 2:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &quot;... Following the Snowden revelations,...&quot; =3D&gt; It w=
ould be nice to add some<br>
&gt;&gt; references here<br>
<br>
</div></div>Yes, the problem we have had so far is finding ones that aren&#=
39;t<br>
articles that may not be stable.=C2=A0 A quick search pulls up new ones<br>
like the following:<br>
<a href=3D"http://fortune.com/2016/04/25/snowden-encryption-james-clapper/"=
 rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://fortune.com/2016/04/25/<wbr>sn=
owden-encryption-james-<wbr>clapper/</a><br>
<br>
We&#39;ll have to try again to find an academic publication.<br>
<span class=3D""><br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Section 2.2.5:<br>
&gt;&gt; &quot;DRM...&quot;=3D&gt; I would expand it to=C2=A0 Digital Right=
s Management (DRM)<br>
<br>
</span>Added, thank you!<br>
<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Section 6:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; inlcudes=3D&gt; includes<br>
<br>
Fixed, thanks.<br>
<span class=3D"">&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Section 6.1:<br>
&gt;&gt; &quot;information For example&quot; =3D&gt; period missing?<br>
<br>
</span>Ack, thanks!<br>
<span class=3D"">&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Section 6.2:<br>
&gt;&gt; &quot;soltuions&quot; -&gt; solutions<br>
</span>Fixed.<br>
<span class=3D"">&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Section 7.1 title:<br>
&gt;&gt; &quot;Encypted&quot; =3D&gt; Encrypted<br>
</span>Fixed.<br>
<br>
Thanks for your review!<br>
<br>
<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
<span class=3D"HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888">&gt;<br>
&gt; --<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Best regards,<br>
&gt; Kathleen<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
--<br>
<br>
Best regards,<br>
Kathleen<br>
</font></span></blockquote></div><br></div>

--001a113eb73a32da9e0562477435--


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Subject: [OPSAWG] Request for feedback on draft-daveor-cgn-logging-02
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Dear friends and colleagues of the OPSAWG mailing list,

First of all happy new year to you all!

I=E2=80=99m the author of =
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-daveor-cgn-logging-02, which considers =
issues relating to crime attribution in cases involving large scale =
address sharing technologies (such as Carrier Grade NAT).=20

Benoit Claise brought this mailing list to my attention and suggested =
that it might be worthwhile to advertise the Internet Draft here for =
your consideration. For those of you that are also members of v6ops, you =
may recall that there was some interesting and very helpful discussion =
there relating to this document back in October.=20

I=E2=80=99m very interested in any feedback at all and I appreciate you =
taking the time to review the draft linked above.=20

Thanks and best regards,
daveor=


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To: "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
From: Joe Clarke <jclarke@cisco.com>
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With WG LC closing on this document today, we will need a document
shepherd.  While it would be good to get an operator the lives and
breathes NAT, that is not a requirement.  Please let the myself or the
other co-chairs know if you are interested.

Thanks.

Joe (and behalf of the co-chairs)


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Brandon Williams and I reviewed this draft with Kathleen and Al via the
IETF etherpad during last call. The link is here:

https://etherpad.tools.ietf.org/p/krose-review-draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-1=
3

I have attempted to cull the discussion down to something consumable on the
mailing list. Apologies in advance for formatting issues. Note that I have
not subsequently added any comments to the etherpad: I'll respond to this
thread instead with any follow-ups.


   this mode is deployed.  IPsec with authentication has many useful
   applications and usage has increased for infrastructure applications
   such as for virtual private networks between data centers.

KR> The above paragraph doesn't seem to have a clear point. It's mostly
about opportunistic security, but has a few unrelated points inserted
(e.g., the final sentence about IPsec with authentication).

KM> Looks like final sentence provides contrast with the previous sentence
"OS has been implemented as NULL Authentication with IPsec..."


   the application user, and hosting service providers lease computing,
   storage, and communications systems in datacenters.  In practice,
   many companies perform two or more service provider roles, but may be
   historically associated with one.

KR> Honestly, all of section 1.1 seems to be a grab bag lacking a thesis,
maybe motivating the vague title "Additional Background". I think the
information there could be organized in a better way to answer the question
posed in the reader's mind after the introduction, which is: give me some
examples of monitoring/manipulation for operability that have been defeated
by encryption, with evidence that they aren't solvable without additional
telemetry or cooperation with middleboxes. The following section is closer
to what I wanted after the intro.

KM> Initially, we had some examples in the draft, but were asked to remove
them.  I take your point and am in process of reworking this text to make
it more cohesive.  The problem in much of this draft was the number of
contributions, so your sweep of the draft for points like this are very
helpful.

AM> As I read it, section 1.1 is describing changes to the communication
landscape re: encryption. The exception is the very last paragraph, which
could be moved above section 1.1. I agree that the purpose of section 1.1.
could be made more clear in the introductory paragraph. I do think that
it's useful background to high-light these changes in the encryption
landscape, since that's what motivates the draft.

KM> Thanks.  It is also to ensure the draft is not read as being just about
TLS, so I am making that point more clear as well.  Moving the last
paragraph to the introduction makes sense.


   Following the Snowden revelations, application service providers
   responded by encrypting traffic between their data centers (IPsec) to
   prevent passive monitoring from taking place unbeknownst to them
   (Yahoo, Google, etc.).  Large mail service providers also began to

KR> IIRC, companies were already doing this for infrastructure traffic on
the public internet: it was their own private backbones on which they
started using encryption universally.

KM> Yes, good point.  I clarified the text to distinguish that, but was
careful not to say that they pretty all infrastructure traffic over the
Internet was encrypted even though I think that's in line with reality - at
least where I worked which included an ISP and a big financial data
provider early on.

   The EFF reported [EFF2014] several network service providers taking
   steps to prevent the use of SMTP over TLS by breaking STARTTLS

KR> I think it's important to use the phrase "downgrade attack" when
describing something like this. The word "downgrade" first appears in the
references list.

KM> Done, thanks.


   (section 3.2 of [RFC7525]), essentially preventing the negotiation
   process resulting in fallback to the use of clear text.  In other
   cases, some service providers have relied on middle boxes having
   access to clear text for the purposes of load balancing, monitoring
   for attack traffic, meeting regulatory requirements, or for other
   purposes.  These middle box implementations, whether performing
   functions considered legitimate by the IETF or not, have been
   impacted by increases in encrypted traffic.  Only methods keeping
   with the goal of balancing network management and PM mitigation in
   [RFC7258] should be considered in solution work resulting from this
   document.

KR> I feel like this section could be better organized by:
 * Moving the examples to 1.1 as a bulleted list of sample situations in
which network operators attempted to and/or succeeded in defeating
encryption to preserve existing operational mechanisms, or in which
performance suffered for users (whether of the encrypted flows or of other
flows impacted by encrypted flows).

KM> Interesting point, but we'd need more examples.  I'll think about this
more and chat with Al in case he has ideas.  For now, I went with Brandon's
easier suggestion, but moving to this would be nice for the document
readers.

AM> Although I see how these examples could be part of the background, I
think those who will
eventually remove their objections will prefer the reduced emphasis on
these examples where
they are (in section 2). In one view, the entire memo is background, since
nothing new is proposed.

KR>
 * Using this section as an introduction to the methodology for cataloging
operational mechanisms depending on cleartext traffic monitoring, with the
various caveats on what will be considered (e.g., only mechanisms required
heretofore for operability), and for describing the approach to seeking
mitigations and/or substitutions.

KM> Hmm, interesting point.  I'll have to think about this more as it could
be alot of work at this stage.

AM> Unfortunately, we've already implemented many AD-level suggestions on
the organization of Section 2.
We're at the stage of *what can everybody live with", and re-re-re-org
falls out now, IMO.


   Network service providers use various techniques to operate, manage,
   and secure their networks.  The following subsections detail the
   purpose of each technique and which protocol fields are used to
   accomplish each task.  In response to increased encryption of these
   fields, some network service providers may be tempted to undertake
   undesirable security practices in order to gain access to the fields
   in unencrypted data flows.  To avoid this situation, ideally new
   methods could be developed to accomplish the same goals without
   service providers having the ability to see session data.

BW> I think the above paragraph is the core point of the section;
describing what the whole of section 2 is about.  The previous paragraphs,
while important information, don't seem to belong in this section. Perhaps
a separate section focused on observed bad behavior would be better.

KM> That would get at both your point and Kyle's, thanks.

AM> I agree this last paragraph could be moved-up (after the definition of
Network SP).
The Snowden and EFF paragraphs would be best positioned as footnotes to the
first sentence "Network service providers use various techniques ...", but
we don't
have that mechanism available.

Also, the neutral exposition that we've been asked to provide a million
times actually
comes from multiple perspectives expressed in contributions that we would
combine
in a balanced way, without value judgements (no good or bad).
Where we lack balance, we lack specific contributions.

(So, I think the new -14 section 1.2 does not have an appropriate title.)


   heuristics grows, and accuracy suffers.  For example, the traffic
   patterns between server and browser are dependent on browser supplier
   and version, even when the sessions use the same server application
   (e.g., web e-mail access).  It remains to be seen whether more
   complex inferences can be mastered to produce the same monitoring
   accuracy.

KR> This might be too formal of an approach for this doc, but it might be
possible to construct a taxonomy of layers of metadata made unavailable by
encryption at each layer to show the completeness/comprehensiveness of the
survey. So, for instance:
 * Protocol and port number are still available as a way of characterizing
traffic over the public internet even if the payload is encrypted, but this
information is lost if (e.g.) the traffic is traversing an IPsec tunnel or
if radically different kinds of traffic all use port 443/tcp without any
other way to distinguish between them.
 * TCP is open to optimization/measurement even if using TLS, except when
tunneled encrypted: congestion signals (like rexmits) previously
transparent to the middlebox, for instance, are then lost.
 * Encrypting the payload defeats attempts to survey traffic by user agent
(if there's no other way to distinguish, e.g., by fingerprinting).

KM> I think this would be a really helpful follow on document.  I'd be
willing to work on it if you're game.  I've been thining about something
similar, specific to TLS, but should be broadened.


   It is important to note that the push for encryption by application
   providers has been motivated by the application of the described
   techniques.  Some application providers have noted degraded
   performance and/or user experience when network-based optimization or
   enhancement of their traffic has occurred, and such cases may result
   in additional operator troubleshooting, as well.

KR> Observation: additionally, I think you'll encounter the argument that
the responsibility for diagnosing bad interactions between applications and
networks falls on the application owner rather than the network operator.
Basically, I feel like the desire among protocol designers is for operators
to provide a pipe with certain key characteristics that interact well with
established transport protocol mechanisms, and otherwise to leave the
traffic alone and let the application developers do what they want to
within the expected constraints. If that's infeasible (e.g., in edge cases,
or with respect to new technologies that interact badly with existing
transports, such as the loss=3Dcongestion assumption of TCP that interacts
badly with wifi), that's precisely the case needs to be made by this
document.

KM> We have encountered this argument already.  It's a tough one as SPs
have the SLAs with customers, so they are the first call.  Many don't know
how to get in touch with APP providers.  I understand the application
developers perspecive, but also see that there has to be some ability to
troubleshoot.  Sure, providers could wrap the protocols for transport to
provide some way of measuring, but information is lost.  IPv6 with flow
identifiers is another way to do it, but you might not be able to
prioritize a call or protocol that has little tolerance for delay over one
that does for instance.  And I realize that app providers just want all
traffic to have the same priority, but emergency calls are important.

BW> I think the point made by the document is correct though: operators are
nearly always the first call, not the application provider.

KM> We were asked to remove text that said that.  I agree that it is the
case as the providers have the SLAs and you don't typlically have a number
for App providers.

BW> The operators are looking for ways to demonstrate that they did not
cause the problem (or determine that they did) for efficient hand-off to
the correct party for resolution. There are certainly problems an approach
that changes the behavior of the protocol, but it's difficult to argue with
the diagnostic need.

AM> Using Netflix as an example, the first source of problem they mention
is the network when
addressing the question "Why doesn't Netflix work?":
    "If Netflix isn=E2=80=99t working, you may be experiencing a network
connectivity issue, an issue with your device, or an issue with your
Netflix app or account."
    from
https://help.netflix.com/en/node/461?ui_action=3Dkb-article-popular-categor=
ies
They previously had even stronger wording, something like "First, make sure
your network connection meets the Netflix requirements ... URL"
One of the causes of re-buffering are CDN-related pauses when accessing the
next segment:  completely hidden from users so far.
Additional frequent cause: the unlicensed WiFi network owned and operated
by the customer.

Another way to look at this strategy: App providers are transferring as
much overhead cost to the network operators as possible
(troubleshooting customer problems is expensive - rolling a truck negates
months of revenue), while preserving as
much value/control/revenue as they can for themselves. The greed-thingy
plays poorly over time.
A user-focused strategy would be to form partnerships for troubleshooting
of shared customers, but that might result in exposing
the real causes and some would rather hide for now, it seems.


   For example, browser fingerprints are comprised of many
   characteristics, including User Agent, HTTP Accept headers, browser
   plug-in details, screen size and color details, system fonts and time
   zone.  A monitoring system could easily identify a specific browser,
   and by correlating other information, identify a specific user.

KR> Subsections of 2.1 cover the following in what feels like arbitrary and
inconsistent order: technique description, justification for the technique,
reason why the technique is bad (for privacy), how the technique is
defeated by protocol designers, and examples of the technique. It really
reads like a laundry list rather than a systematic analysis of the problems
faced, the metadata required for diagnostics, and how these techniques are
defeated by encryption.

KM> Hmm, this section was reorganized by others in the last IESG review, so
that's probbaly part of the problem.  I'll read through and see what I can
do to help it out more. It cleared a discuss to make the changes.
** didn't tacle this one and will go back to it.

AM> To re-iterate: this isn't the optimization phase. We've done 10 months
of that.
We've reached "what can you live with" phase, IMO.


   packet is able to provide stateless load balancing.  This ability
   confers great reliability and scaleability advantages even if the
   flow remains in a single POP, because the load balancing system is
   not required to keep state of each flow.  Even more importantly,
   there's no requirement to continuously synchronize such state among
   the pool of load balancers.

KR> An important point is that an integrated load balancer repurposing
limited existing bits in transport flow state must maintain and synchronize
per-flow state occasionally: using the sequence number as a cookie only
works for so long given that there aren't that many bits available to
divide across a pool of machines.

KM> I added in this point, but have to check back on flow of text.


   Current protocols, such as TCP, allow the development of stateless
   integrated load balancers by availing such load balancers of
   additional plain text information in client-to-server packets.  In
   case of TCP, such information can be encoded by having server-
   generated sequence numbers (that are ACK'd by the client), segment
   values, lengths of the packet sent, etc.

KR> Is it worth mentioning that the use of some of these mechanisms for
load balancing negates some of the security assumptions associated with
those primitives (e.g., that an off-path attacker guessing valid sequence
numbers for a flow is hard)?

KM> I added the above in as it may offer some balance to the discussion.

KR> A dedicated mechanism for storing load balancer state, such as QUIC's
proposed connection ID, is strictly better from the load balancer's point
of view, and is probably even better from a privacy perspective than
bolting it on to an unrelated transport signal because it can be tightly
controlled by one of the endpoints and rotated to avoid roving client
linkability: in other words, being a specific, separate signal, it can be
governed in a way that is finely targeted at that specific use-case. (I'm
thinking the advantages of separate mechanisms belongs in a different part
of the doc; this section is more like the problem statement than the
solution statement.)

KM> This (above) needs to be reworded to be neutral and this does go
towards solution space, which we were trying to avoid. How about:

Another possibility is a dedicated mechanism for storing load balancer
state, such as QUIC's proposed connection ID to provide visibility to the
load balancer.  An identifier could be used for tracking purposes, but this
may provide an option that is an improvement from  bolting it on to an
unrelated transport signal. This method allows for tight control by one of
the endpoints and can be rotated to avoid roving client linkability: in
other words, being a specific, separate signal, it can be governed in a way
that is finely targeted at that specific use-case.


   In future Network Function Virtualization (NFV) architectures, load
   balancing functions are likely to be more prevalent (deployed at
   locations throughout operators' networks)[.  NFV environments will
   require some type of identifier (IPv6 flow identifiers, the Proposed
    QUIC connection ID, etc.) for managing]
   traffic using encrypted tunnels.[  The shift to increased encryption
   will have an impact to visibility of flow information and will require
   adjustments to perform similar load balancing functions within an NFV.]

KR> I'm not sure what architecture this paragraph is discussing: are you
talking about encrypted tunnels between NFV nodes? Is this something
obvious to people involved in NFV? A diagram (or informational reference)
would be helpeful to me here.

KM> I see your point, the langauage here could be more clear. Do the above
adjustments (ed: in []) help?


2.2.2.  Differential Treatment based on Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)
   ...
   These effects and potential alternative solutions have been discussed
   at the accord BoF [ACCORD] at IETF95.

KR> This section is labeled DPI, but really, the underlying issue is what
you stated in the first paragraph: different kinds of traffic have
different QoS needs, yet a network provider can't rely on a voluntary
signal from an untrusted device to decide on QoS or every packet is simply
going to be marked "high importance" and so we're back to treating all
traffic equivalently. I'd argue against one of the memes I heard at the
accord BoF, that it's down to latency vs. throughput, by pointing out that
some applications (e.g., live video with low hand-wave latency) need both.

Even after reading this, I'm still skeptical of the need for any more
granularity than flow, and using AQM on a per-flow (e.g., 5-tuple) or
flow-aggregate (some subset of the 5-tuple) to prevent an application or
user from consuming resources unfairly. What, for instance, prevents a
carrier from privileging VoIP traffic by looking at endpoints? Would there
be a way for someone else to masquerade non-VoIP traffic as VoIP traffic
given this kind of setup? This is the kind of question that I need answered
by this doc.

BW> It might be useful to note in this section that QUIC and H2 both
combine multiple micro-flows, possibly of different types, within a single
encrypted transport-layer flow. They share this with IPsec tunnels and the
like. IOW, the increased use of encrypted aggregating encapsulation can
hide even the the most basic representation of a flow from the
differentiated service element. This same concern applies to load balancing
elements discussed in section 2.2.1.

KM> **  Want to talk with Al on this set of comments.

AM> We were asked not to refer to QUIC, for various reasons (e.g., still
under development).

There will always be areas where network can make the best decision,
because of the
information available to the network operators (and the lack of that same
info at end-points).

When network resources are constrained, only the network can manage
priorities.
This has been organized according to applications that can be identified,
but there
can be other solutions requiring cooperation between user devices and the
network
according to subscription to a special service (QCI above).


2.2.3.  Network Congestion Management

   For User Plane Congestion Management (3GPP UPCON) - ability to
   understand content and manage network during congestion.  Mitigating
   techniques such as deferred download, off-peak acceleration, and
   outbound roamers.

KR> This seems like a special case of 2.2.2.

KM> Al - is there a reason this shouldn't get moved into

AM> I think there is some text missing here.
The text seems to have been one list item in old
section 7.2, dating back to version 11.  The list decription was:

"7.2.  Effect of Encrypted Transport Headers

   When the Transport Header is encrypted, it prevents the following
   mobile network features from operating:
       <and then a list of many items> "

I suggest to delete this text, but...

Kathleen - if you delete this section, Please leave the section header
marked "Blank - to be deleted" to keep the section numbering as-is,
and the diffs/comments will still correlate easily.  Thanks!


2.2.4.  Performance-enhancing Proxies

   Due to the characteristics of the mobile link, performance-enhancing
   TCP proxies may perform local retransmission at the mobile edge.  In
   TCP, duplicated ACKs are detected and potentially concealed when the
   proxy retransmits a segment that was lost on the mobile link without
   involvement of the far end (see section 2.1.1 of [RFC3135] and
   section 3.5 of [I-D.dolson-plus-middlebox-benefits]).

BW> Starting the first paragraph in this way suggests that such use cases
are for mobile links only, which is not correct. Performance enhancing
proxies of this sort can be used on any long RTT path to improve
performance over a constrained uplink.

KM> How about:  Performance-enhancing TCP proxies may perform local
retransmission at the network edge, this also applies to mobile networks.

   This optimization at network edges measurably improves real-time
   transmission over long delay Internet paths or networks with large
   capacity-variation (such as mobile/cellular networks).

AM> FYI -    The folowing sentence was added here in the -14pre version I
sent on Nov 19:

        However, such optimizations can also cause problems with
performance,
        for example if the characteristics of some packet streams begin to
vary
        significantly from those considered in the proxy design.

This was intended to address one of Mark Nottingham's comments.


   An application-type-aware network edge (middlebox) can further
   control pacing, limit simultaneous HD videos, or prioritize active
   videos against new videos, etc.

KR> Observation: This subsection provides the first really compelling
argument I've seen for exposing flow metadata to the path. On long paths,
physics gets in the way of tight control feedback loops. If nothing else,
this should provide motivation for protocol designers and operators to
break down the characteristics of different kinds of flows, determine where
control points are needed in each of them, and figure out how to implement
those.

I think there is this conceit among protocol designers that quality
problems can all be solved at the endpoints without any cooperation from
path elements; the really killer arguments are examples of where that
cannot possibly be the case. ECN is a great example of this, and is a
signal explicitly targeted at middleboxes with opt-in by the endpoints: it
allows a middlebox to report congestion without dropping packets, which
produces measurably better QoS for the user.

KM> Ack, thanks.  You're not looking for additional text here, is that
right?  If so, what are you thinking should be added?


   Content replication in caches (for example live video, DRM protected
   content) is used to most efficiently utilize the available limited
   bandwidth and thereby maximize the user's Quality of Experience
   (QoE).  Especially in mobile networks, duplicating every stream
   through the transit network increases backhaul cost for live TV.  The
   Enhanced Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services (3GPP eMBMS) -
   trusted edge proxies facilitate delivering same stream to different
   users, using either unicast or multicast depending on channel
   conditions to the user.

KR> There are on-going efforts to support multicast inside carrier networks
while preserving end-to-end security: AMT, for instance, allows CDNs to
deliver a single (potentially encrypted) copy of a live stream to a carrier
network over the public internet and for the carrier to then distribute
that live stream as efficiently as possible within its own network using
multicast.

KM> Text added, thanks.


   Alternate approaches such as blind caches [I-D.thomson-http-bc] are
   being explored to allow caching of encrypted content; however, they
   still need to intercept the end-to-end transport connection.

KM> [s/need to intercept the end-to-end transport connection/require
cooperation between the content owners/CDNs and blind caches and fall
outside the scope of what is covered in this document/

Content delegation solves a data visibility problem with the delegated
cache, the impact remains for the use case where HTTPS encryption limits
visibility to offload from congested links.]

KR> This last point isn't strictly speaking true: many proposals (including
I believe Martin's) require cooperation between content owners/CDNs and
these blind caches. From Martin's draft:
   q( This document describes a method for conditionally delegating the
   hosting of secure content to the same server.  This delegation allows
   a client to send a request for an "https" resource via a proxy rather
   than insisting on an end-to-end TLS connection.  This enables shared
   caching for a limited set of "https" resources, as selected by the
   server. )

BW> I'm not sure that use cases where there is explicit cooperation between
the content provider and the cache are necessarily relevant for this
document, since in those cases the cache is an extension of the content
provider (by some definition) and the cache will most likely not be
inhibited by increased encryption. The more relevant caching case is one
meant for network offload on the receiver side where there is no explicit
cooperation between the content provider and the cache. That's the case
where the use of HTTPS inhibits the cache's ability to offload from
congested links. IOW, content delegation solves a data visibility problem
with the delegated cache; it does not solve a problem introduced to the
cache through the use of encryption.


2.2.6.  Content Compression

   In addition to caching, various applications exist to provide data
   compression in order to conserve the life of the user's mobile data
   plan and optimize delivery over the mobile link.  The compression
   proxy access can be built into a specific user level application,
   such as a browser, or it can be available to all applications using a
   system level application.  The primary method is for the mobile
   application to connect to a centralized server as a proxy, with the
   data channel between the client application and the server using
   compression to minimize bandwidth utilization.  The effectiveness of
   such systems depends on the server having access to unencrypted data
   flows.

KR> Observation: given the side channels exposed by data compression that
is blind to content, the inability to compress arbitrary payloads is likely
to be regarded as a feature of encryption. (Though I recognize this is a
catalog, not an endorsement.) Furthermore, in most cases eliminating
compression is still 2-competitive with compression, so I'm not sure it's a
really compelling use-case.

BW> Per-object content compression might not be a compelling use case here.
Aggregated data stream content compressions that spans objects and data
sources is compelling, though. If there is a network element close to the
receiver that sees all content destined for the receiver and can treat it
all as part of a unified compression scheme (e.g., through the use of a
shared segment store) will often be much more effective at providing data
off-load.

KM> Thanks, we'll add this text (modified) to make those helpful points
clear.

How about:
    Aggregated data stream content compression that spans objects and data
sources that can be treated as part of a unified compression scheme (e.g.,
through the use of a shared segment store) is often effective at providing
data offload when there is a network element close to the receiver that has
access to see all the content.


   Another form of content filtering is called parental control, where
   some users are deliberately denied access to age-sensitive content as
   a feature to the service subscriber.  Some sites involve a mixture of
   universal and age-sensitive content and filtering software.  In these
   cases, more granular (application layer) metadata may be used to
   analyze and block traffic.  Methods that accessed cleartext
   application-layer metadata no longer work when sessions are
   encrypted.  This type of granular filtering could occur at the
   endpoint.  However, the lack of ability to efficiently manage
   endpoints as a service reduces providers' ability to offer parental
   control.

KR> It might be worth discussing the typical opt-in strategy for these
things in the presence of TLS, adding a new intercept CA to willing
clients, which has the downside that it potentially exposes every https
connection to an active MitM.

BW> +1

KM> OK, we hadn't done that before since the option doesn't change, but you
make a good point, so I'll add in text.  Thanks.

I added the following:

    This method is also used by other types of network providers enabling
     traffic inspection, but not modification.</t>

             <t>Content filtering via a proxy can also utilize an
intercepting
          certificate where the client's session is terminated at the proxy
          enabling for cleartext inspection of the traffic.  A new session
          is created from the intercepting device to the client's
          destination, this is an opt-in strategy for the client. Changes t=
o
          TLSv1.3 do not impact this more invasive method of interception,
where
          this has the potential to expose every HTTPS session to an active
          man in the middle (MitM). </t>

KR> Random comment: especially with respect to government content
filtering, I'm worried that the IETF's current approach of playing chicken
with regulators on end-to-end encryption is going to result in
normalization of intercept CAs, which will be strictly worse than a
compromise solution in which a subset of traffic can be inspected (but not
modified) with the user's knowledge and consent (e.g., distinct optics in
the browser). I wouldn't like either outcome, frankly, but it would be nice
if we had a game plan for what to do for user privacy if intercept CAs
become a requirement for using the web in large parts of the world
(something we might be one "crisis" away from), and an honest evaluation of
the alternatives. Fundamentally, I don't like it when discussion gets shut
down because people want to bury their heads in the sand in the name of
ideology.</rant>

BW> +1. I also note that this concern applies to some of the other
performance related use cases too.

KM> I think the real argument here is a control one between the application
and management folks and not security/privacy even though that's what is
often discussed.  This is all about control.


   In addition, mobile network operator often sell tariffs that allow
   free-data access to certain sites, known as 'zero rating'.  A session
   to visit such a site incurs no additional cost or data usage to the
   user.  This feature is impacted if encryption hides the details of
   the content domain from the network.

KR> There's the related issue that zero-rating by-implementation typically
applies only to direct connections to a particular endpoint (e.g., by IP):
if a user accidentally tunnels traffic from Spotify through a corporate
VPN, that traffic won't be zero-rated, encrypted tunnel or not. (This goes
back to the taxonomy of metadata layers comment I made near the top.)
Carriers aren't going to trust e.g., a Host header for zero-rating, because
that provides a simple way to tunnel traffic for free: consequently,
determination of zero-rating will always involve some hard-to-impersonate
credential, like an IP address or server certificate in the public trust
web.

KM> Not sure what to add here, any ideas, AL?


   When RTSP stream content is encrypted, the 5-tuple information within
   the payload is not visible to these ALG implementations, and
   therefore they cannot provision their associated middelboxes with
   that information.

KR> I would argue that this is a protocol design issue. This was originally
a problem with firewalls and NATs, with content inspection as a hack to
work around the protocol/network impedance mismatch. I'm not the only one
who would argue the right solution today is to design protocols to not
require linkage across connections by middleboxes that do basic filtering.

KM> I think we are in agreement here for solution direction, but the
document specificly tries to avoid solutions.  This example has been raised
in the IESG by Warren and the apps side hadn't considered his view of it
previously.  It would be good for protocols to have these considerations in
their designs, they were mostly thinking it didn't matter and were
end-to-end.  But poor video streaming sessions are an issue.  Not sure we
should add any text here???


2.3.4.  HTTP Header Insertion

   Some mobile carriers use HTTP header insertion (see section 3.2.1 of
   [RFC7230]) to provide information about their customers to third
   parties or to their own internal systems [Enrich].  Third parties use
   the inserted information for analytics, customization, advertising,
   to bill the customer, or to selectively allow or block content.  HTTP
   header insertion is also used to pass information internally between
   a mobile service provider's sub-systems, thus keeping the internal
   systems loosely coupled.  When HTTP connections are encrypted, mobile
   network service providers cannot insert headers to accomplish the
   functions above.

KR> See my first comment re: compression. I'm dithering on how best to
present these cases that are going to trigger some folks. ;-)

KM> Yes, this one is a hot button.  For the compression one, I clarified
with added text and a use case that Brandon provided.


3.1.  Management Access Security
   ...
   Application service providers, by their very nature, control the
   application endpoint.  As such, much of the information gleaned from
   sessions are still available on that endpoint.  However, when a gap
   exists in the application's logging and debugging capabilities, this
   has led the application service provider to access data-in-transport
   for monitoring and debugging.

BW> How is DLP part of the management access discussion? It seems like a
separate use case to me. The above two paragraphs seem out of place in this
section.

KM> Good point, I moved this to the SP Content monitoring of Applications
subsection and added a bullet for DLP.


   Overlay networks (e.g.  VXLAN, Geneve, etc.) may be used to indicate
   desired isolation, but this is not sufficient to prevent deliberate
   attacks that are aware of the use of the overlay network.  It is
   possible to use an overlay header in combination with IPsec, but this
   adds the requirement for authentication infrastructure and may reduce
   packet transfer performance.  Additional extension mechanisms to
   provide integrity and/or privacy protections are being investigated
   for overlay encapsulations.  Section 7 of [RFC7348] describes some of
   the security issues possible when deploying VXLAN on Layer 2
   networks.  Rogue endpoints can join the multicast groups that carry
   broadcast traffic, for example.

BW> I'm a little confused about the overall point of this section. I think
that it might be "Hosted environment sometimes use content inspection to
differentiate between management traffic and service traffic." but I don't
think this point is very clearly stated. Or is there a different central
point?

KM> It was supposed to be management access, but text got added and the DLP
doesn't fit, so that has been moved.  I can reach out to Alia who
contributed the VXLAN text to work that better into the intent of this
section as I can see your point on lack of flow.


   Data center operators may also maintain packet recordings in order to
   be able to investigate attacks, breach of internal processes, etc.
   In some industries, organizations may be legally required to maintain
   such information for compliance purposes.  Investigations of this

KR> I think you'll get a "[citation needed]" from folks on the TLS mailing
list.

KM> I suspect this is one you have that recorded text, you have to maintain
it for chain of custody with investigation handling.  I'll have to figure
out if there is anything that would require the capture, I suspect not, but
could be wrong.


3.2.  Hosted Applications

   Organizations are increasingly using hosted applications rather than
   in-house solutions that require maintenance of equipment and
   software.  Examples include Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
   solutions, payroll service, time and attendance, travel and expense
   reporting among others.  Organizations may require some level of
   management access to these hosted applications and will typically
   require session encryption or a dedicated channel for this activity.

KR> I'm not sure how encryption of the management session is relevant to
this doc. The way I've framed this document in my mind is "What information
from flows is being used for network management by entities other than the
endpoints, who have a need-to-know for the cleartext payload?", where
"management" includes things like compliance and satisfying regulatory
requirements.

KM> Leaving as-is for now.  While there is no impact since these sessions
are already encrypted, it is one more connection point to using encryption
successfully?
Al?


3.2.2.  Mail Service Providers
   ...
   STARTTLS ought have zero effect on anti-SPAM efforts for SMTP
   traffic.  Anti-SPAM services could easily be performed on an SMTP
   gateway, eliminating the need for TLS decryption services.  The
   impact to Anti-SPAM service providers should be limited to a change
   in tools, where middle boxes were deployed to perform these
   functions.

KR> Here you're discussing a potential change to the operational technique,
which doesn't match the rest of the subsections.

KM> You're right.  This text came in from Stephen when he was the sonsoring
AD.  The point is valid, but doen't fit exactly, but I'm hesitant to remove
it.


3.3.  Data Storage

BW> I'm having trouble with the Data Storage section at large. For the most
part, it seems to be describing use cases for the deployment of encryption,
as opposed to things that people are doing today that would be harder if
the network flows were encrypted.

KM> Flow were encrypted in recent years per customer demand and the
engineers worked to ensure monitoring was possible, improving logging,
etc.  I'll try to make that more clear in the introduction.  This is a
positive example, at least it was meant that way and for completeness.


3.3.1.  Object-level Encryption

KR> End-to-end or object encryption seems like a better description here:
host-level encryption implies that anything on the originating or target
host has access to it, when (for instance) it could be encrypted to a TPM
resident key or an SGX enclave key. The distinguishing question seems to be
"Do middleboxes/intermediate nodes have access to the cleartext?"

KM> You're right.  The term host-level is an internal one and shouldn't be
in the document.  I'll fix that, thanks.  No, middleboxes don't have access
in the EMC use cases at least.  This is specific to object level encryption=
.


3.3.1.1.  Monitoring for Hosted Storage

BW> This is one of the few subsections that seems to be describing an
method in current use that will be made more difficult if all the data
flows are encrypted.


3.3.2.1.  Monitoring Session Flows for DAR Solutions

   Monitoring for transport of data to storage platforms, where object
   level encryption is performed close to or on the storage platform are
   similar to those described in the section on Monitoring for Hosted
   Storage.  The primary difference for these solutions is the possible
   exposure of sensitive information, which could include privacy
   related data, financial information, or intellectual property if
   session encryption via TLS is not deployed.  Session encryption is
   typically used with these solutions, but that decision would be based
   on a risk assessment.

BW> What would be a monitoring use case in current use that will be made
more difficult due to the increased use of encryption? The previous
sentence seems to be suggesting that session encryption is already
prevalent, so I would think that people deploying DAR solutions have
already come up with different monitoring approaches.

KM> The storage engineers improved monitoring capabilities through logging,
etc.  This was a requirement, so they made it happen with full agreement on
direction.


   There are use cases where DAR or disk-level
   encryption is required.  Examples include preventing exposure of data
   if physical disks are stolen or lost.

KR> I don't see these last two sentences are relevant, as they have nothing
to do with the network flows.

KM> I'm happy to remove.  DO they help a reader who is not familiar with
the technology to understand the layers of encryption used at all or is it
better to remove the sentence?


   In the case where TLS is in
   use, monitoring and the exposure of data is limited to a 5-tuple.

KR> This is an example of implicit use of the taxonomy I referred to
earlier. I feel like this should be used systematically throughout the
survey (i.e., what metadata does your technique rely on, and why?).

KM> That was the intent, but we didn't get that information from enough
contributors.  I provided the above in a very early draft.  We'll have to
go back through and see if that's possible at this point.  I know it would
be helpful.


3.3.3.1.  Monitoring Of IPSec for Data Replication Services

   Monitoring for data replication services are described in this
   subsection.

   Monitoring of data flows between data centers may be performed for
   security and operational purposes and would typically concentrate
   more on operational aspects since these flows are essentially virtual
   private networks (VPN) between data centers.  Operational
   considerations include capacity and availability monitoring.  The
   security monitoring may be to detect anomalies in the data flows,
   similar to what was described in the "Monitoring for Hosted Storage
   Section".  If IPsec tunnel mode is in use, monitoring is limited to a
   2-tuple, or with transport mode, a 5-tuple.

BW> What monitoring is done when encryption is not in use? Is there
something being done that requires access to higher layer protocols? If
this traffic is already most-often encrypted, then maybe the use case isn't
relevant for this document.

KM> It's just here for completeness

   Security monitoring in the enterprise may also be performed at the
   endpoint with numerous current solutions that mitigate the same
   problems as some of the above mentioned solutions.  Since the
   software agents operate on the device, they are able to monitor
   traffic before it is encrypted, monitor for behavior changes, and
   lock down devices to use only the expected set of applications.
   Session encryption does not affect these solutions.  Some might argue
   that scaling is an issue in the enterprise, but some large
   enterprises have used these tools effectively.

KR> This is another example of mixing proposed solutions in among the
problem statement. I would argue for a clear separation, which may mean
that this document needs to have a single-minded focus on "here are the
problems and here's how enterprises currently address them."

BW> Also, enterprises increasingly allow BYOD programs for their employees,
and such programs make it more difficult to ensure that adequate
endpoint-based defenses are active. This is especially true when the area
of risk in question is the above #5 "track misuse and abuse by employees".
Note too that endpoint-based defenses can be less effective when the device
is already compromised, in which case detection of the compromised device
and effective remediation can be made more effective through the additional
use of an on-path element.

KM> [made some subsequent edits to this section]


4.1.3.2.  TCP Pipelining/Session Multiplexing

   TCP Pipelining/Session Multiplexing used mainly by middle boxes today
   allow for multiple end user sessions to share the same TCP
   connection. [This rasises several points of interest with an
            increased use of encryption.  TCP session multiplexing should
still
            be possible when TLS or TCPcrypt is in use since the TCP header
            information is exposed leaving the 5-tuple accessible.  The use
            TCP session multiplexing of an IP layer encyption, e.g. IPsec,
            that only exposes a 2-tuple would not be possible.
Troubleshooting
            capabilities with encrypted sessions from the middlebox may
limit
            troubleshooting to the use of logs from the end points
performing
            the TCP multiplexing or from the middleboxes prior to any
            additional encryption that may be added to tunnel the TCP
multiplexed
            traffic.]
   KM> I deleted the following, after adding in some of this content above
where I think it makes more sense:
   [Today's network troubleshooter often relies upon session
   decryption to tell which packet belongs to which end user, since the
   logs are currently inadequate for the analysis performed.]

KR> It's not clear to me how these two sentences are related.

KM> Good point.  I think deleting the second sentence is important as it's
a general point and not specific to this section.  E2E with FS should
prevent the use of this multiplexing as I read it, so that is an impact
that should be fine to document on it's own. [edits subsequently above;
maybe best viewed from the etherpad]


   Increased use of HTTP/2 will likely further increase the prevalence
   of session multiplexing, both on the Internet and in the private data
   center.[  HTTP pipelining requires both the client and server to
participate
   and visibilty of packets once encrypted will hide the use of HTTP
pipelining for any monitoring that takes place outside of the endpoint or
proxy solution.  Visibility for middleboxes includes anything exposed by
TLS and the 5-tuple.
   Note: left the text like this as SNI encryption will be optional, so it
may also be exposed and this could vary by version used.]

KR> And further complicate analysis of cleartext payloads from individual
packets.


4.2.  Techniques for Monitoring Internet Session Traffic
   ...
   (PII), or personal health information (PHI).  Various techniques are
   used to intercept HTTP/TLS sessions for DLP and other purposes, and
   are described in "Summarizing Known Attacks on TLS and DTLS"
   [RFC7457].  Note: many corporate policies allow access to personal
   financial and other sites for users without interception.  Another
   option is to terminate a TLS session prior to the point where
   monitoring is performed.

KR> The last two sentences seem like a non-sequitur.

KM> Leaving as-is for now.


5.4.  Botnets

   Botnet detection and mitigation is complex and may involve hundreds
   or thousands of hosts with numerous Command and Control (C&C)
   servers.  The techniques and data used to monitor and detect each may
   vary.  Connections to C&C servers are typically encrypted, therefore
   a move to an increasingly encrypted Internet may not affect the
   detection and sharing methods used.

KR> This is one of a general category of traffic that is intentionally
protected from interference by the application.

BW> For that reason, this one almost seems like a counter example ...
botnets encrypt to evade many of the earlier described methods, therefore
many of the earlier described methods are already inadequate. On the other
hand, maybe the point is that increased use of encryption for botnet C&C
demands new methods to handle many of the previously described use cases.

KM> Well, from an incident investigation standpoint, many advanced
operators have found detection methods that don't hinder their capabilities
when traffic is encrypted.  Maybe I need to make this text more clear as I
think I may have written it, not positive.

I think I'm going to leave the text alone as I think it reads as a positive
example, one which techniques could be applied to other areas.  The DoS
section talks a little about use of fingerprinting traffic already, which
is one common technique.


5.7.  Further work

   Although incident response work will continue, new methods to prevent
   system compromise through security automation and continuous
   monitoring [SACM] may provide alternate approaches where system
   security is maintained as a preventative measure.

KR> Not clear how the unknowns relate to the purpose of this document.
Being sarcastic for a minute, I'm interpreting this as "Any cleartext
metadata just *might* be used in the future for some kind of enterprise
security monitoring!"

KM> Hmm, it's meant to say endpoints (which you control) should be used and
technology like what is expected out of SACM will help with automating
this.  We are open to text suggestions.


6.1.  IP Flow Information Export
   ...
   The collection of IPFIX data itself, of course, provides a point of
   centralization for potentially business- and privacy-critical
   information.  The IPFIX File Format specification [RFC5655]
   recommends encryption for this data at rest, and the IP Flow
   Anonymization specification [RFC6235] defines a metadata format for
   describing the anonymization functions applied to an IPFIX dataset,
   if anonymization is employed for data sharing of IPFIX information
   between enterprises or network operators.

KR> I don't understand how IPFIX relates to the purpose of this document.
Each of the IEs should be covered by one of the functional categories
described earlier in the document.

KM> Leaving as-is for now.  Was added per Benoit and Brian Trammell for
completeness on network management and encryption.


6.4.  Content Length, BitRate and Pacing

   Although block ciphers utilise padding, this makes a
   negligible difference.  Bitrate and pacing are generally application
   specific, and do not change much when the content is encrypted.
   Multiplexed formats (such as HTTP/2 and QUIC) may however incorporate
   several application streams over one connection, which makes the
   bitrate/pacing no longer application-specific.

KR> Are the four items listed here all the application-level flow
information available to the network for encrypted flows? I think I need
some more comprehensive top-down analysis to be confident of that. It seems
like this could be folded into the metadata taxonomy, if you decide to go
that route.

This section is also weird in that it doesn't describe a problem caused by
encrypted flows. There's a lack of parallelism in structure between the
other sections and this one.

KM> Good point, but not my area and am open to suggestions.  Is it just
anothe example where things are ok when encrypted?  I think a few of those
are a good thing.


7.  Impact on Mobility Network Optimizations and New Services

   This section considers the effects of transport level encryption on
   existing forms of mobile network optimization techniques, as well as
   potential new services.  The material in this section assumes
   familiarity with mobile network concepts, specifications, and
   architectures.

KR> Good warning, but the entire section is very specific to a particular
set of technologies, while the rest of the document is much more general.
This feels like a case of "writing to what you know", which is fine in
principle, but it feels out of place in this document to use so much jargon
and to discuss metrics in the context of a single technology when many of
these KPIs have equivalents outside of 3GPP.


   c.  Performance-enhancing proxy with low RTT determines the
       responsiveness of TCP flow control, and enables faster adaptation
       in a delay & capacity varying network due to user mobility.  Low
       RTT permits use of a smaller send window, which makes the flow
       control loop more responsive to changing mobile network
       conditions.

KR> Again, as with section 2.2.4, this section provides the clearest and
most convincing arguments for the need for middlebox cooperation on flows.

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>Brandon Williams and I reviewed this draft with Kathl=
een and Al via the IETF etherpad during last call. The link is here:<br><br=
><a href=3D"https://etherpad.tools.ietf.org/p/krose-review-draft-mm-wg-effe=
ct-encrypt-13">https://etherpad.tools.ietf.org/p/krose-review-draft-mm-wg-e=
ffect-encrypt-13</a><br><br></div>I have attempted to cull the discussion d=
own to something consumable on the mailing list. Apologies in advance for f=
ormatting issues. Note that I have not subsequently added any comments to t=
he etherpad: I&#39;ll respond to this thread instead with any follow-ups.<b=
r><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 this mode is deployed.=C2=A0 IPsec with authenticati=
on has many useful<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 applications and usage has increased for=
 infrastructure applications<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 such as for virtual private ne=
tworks between data centers.<br><br>KR&gt; The above paragraph doesn&#39;t =
seem to have a clear point. It&#39;s mostly about opportunistic security, b=
ut has a few unrelated points inserted (e.g., the final sentence about IPse=
c with authentication).<br><br>KM&gt; Looks like final sentence provides co=
ntrast with the previous sentence<br>&quot;OS has been implemented as NULL =
Authentication with IPsec...&quot;<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 the application =
user, and hosting service providers lease computing,<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 storag=
e, and communications systems in datacenters.=C2=A0 In practice,<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 many companies perform two or more service provider roles, but may b=
e<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 historically associated with one.<br><br>KR&gt; Honestly,=
 all of section 1.1 seems to be a grab bag lacking a thesis, maybe motivati=
ng the vague title &quot;Additional Background&quot;. I think the informati=
on there could be organized in a better way to answer the question posed in=
 the reader&#39;s mind after the introduction, which is: give me some examp=
les of monitoring/manipulation for operability that have been defeated by e=
ncryption, with evidence that they aren&#39;t solvable without additional t=
elemetry or cooperation with middleboxes. The following section is closer t=
o what I wanted after the intro.<br><br>KM&gt; Initially, we had some examp=
les in the draft, but were asked to remove them.=C2=A0 I take your point an=
d am in process of reworking this text to make it more cohesive.=C2=A0 The =
problem in much of this draft was the number of contributions, so your swee=
p of the draft for points like this are very helpful.<br><br>AM&gt; As I re=
ad it, section 1.1 is describing changes to the communication landscape re:=
 encryption. The exception is the very last paragraph, which could be moved=
 above section 1.1. I agree that the purpose of section 1.1. could be made =
more clear in the introductory paragraph. I do think that it&#39;s useful b=
ackground to high-light these changes in the encryption landscape, since th=
at&#39;s what motivates the draft.<br><br>KM&gt; Thanks.=C2=A0 It is also t=
o ensure the draft is not read as being just about TLS, so I am making that=
 point more clear as well.=C2=A0 Moving the last paragraph to the introduct=
ion makes sense.<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Following the Snowden revelations,=
 application service providers<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 responded by encrypting traf=
fic between their data centers (IPsec) to<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 prevent passive m=
onitoring from taking place unbeknownst to them<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 (Yahoo, Goo=
gle, etc.).=C2=A0 Large mail service providers also began to<br><br>KR&gt; =
IIRC, companies were already doing this for infrastructure traffic on the p=
ublic internet: it was their own private backbones on which they started us=
ing encryption universally.<br><br>KM&gt; Yes, good point.=C2=A0 I clarifie=
d the text to distinguish that, but was careful not to say that they pretty=
 all infrastructure traffic over the Internet was encrypted even though I t=
hink that&#39;s in line with reality - at least where I worked which includ=
ed an ISP and a big financial data provider early on.<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 T=
he EFF reported [EFF2014] several network service providers taking<br>=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 steps to prevent the use of SMTP over TLS by breaking STARTTLS<br=
><br>KR&gt; I think it&#39;s important to use the phrase &quot;downgrade at=
tack&quot; when describing something like this. The word &quot;downgrade&qu=
ot; first appears in the references list.<br><br>KM&gt; Done, thanks.<br><b=
r><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 (section 3.2 of [RFC7525]), essentially preventing the n=
egotiation<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 process resulting in fallback to the use of clea=
r text.=C2=A0 In other<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 cases, some service providers have r=
elied on middle boxes having<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 access to clear text for the p=
urposes of load balancing, monitoring<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 for attack traffic, m=
eeting regulatory requirements, or for other<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 purposes.=C2=
=A0 These middle box implementations, whether performing<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 fu=
nctions considered legitimate by the IETF or not, have been<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=
 impacted by increases in encrypted traffic.=C2=A0 Only methods keeping<br>=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 with the goal of balancing network management and PM mitigatio=
n in<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 [RFC7258] should be considered in solution work result=
ing from this<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 document.<br><br>KR&gt; I feel like this sect=
ion could be better organized by:<br>=C2=A0* Moving the examples to 1.1 as =
a bulleted list of sample situations in which network operators attempted t=
o and/or succeeded in defeating encryption to preserve existing operational=
 mechanisms, or in which performance suffered for users (whether of the enc=
rypted flows or of other flows impacted by encrypted flows).<br><br>KM&gt; =
Interesting point, but we&#39;d need more examples.=C2=A0 I&#39;ll think ab=
out this more and chat with Al in case he has ideas.=C2=A0 For now, I went =
with Brandon&#39;s easier suggestion, but moving to this would be nice for =
the document readers.<br><br>AM&gt; Although I see how these examples could=
 be part of the background, I think those who will<br>eventually remove the=
ir objections will prefer the reduced emphasis on these examples where<br>t=
hey are (in section 2). In one view, the entire memo is background, since n=
othing new is proposed.<br><br>KR&gt;<br>=C2=A0* Using this section as an i=
ntroduction to the methodology for cataloging operational mechanisms depend=
ing on cleartext traffic monitoring, with the various caveats on what will =
be considered (e.g., only mechanisms required heretofore for operability), =
and for describing the approach to seeking mitigations and/or substitutions=
.<br><br>KM&gt; Hmm, interesting point.=C2=A0 I&#39;ll have to think about =
this more as it could be alot of work at this stage.<br><br>AM&gt; Unfortun=
ately, we&#39;ve already implemented many AD-level suggestions on the organ=
ization of Section 2.<br>We&#39;re at the stage of *what can everybody live=
 with&quot;, and re-re-re-org falls out now, IMO.<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 N=
etwork service providers use various techniques to operate, manage,<br>=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 and secure their networks.=C2=A0 The following subsections detail=
 the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 purpose of each technique and which protocol fields ar=
e used to<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 accomplish each task.=C2=A0 In response to increa=
sed encryption of these<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 fields, some network service provid=
ers may be tempted to undertake<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 undesirable security practi=
ces in order to gain access to the fields<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 in unencrypted da=
ta flows.=C2=A0 To avoid this situation, ideally new<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 method=
s could be developed to accomplish the same goals without<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 s=
ervice providers having the ability to see session data.<br><br>BW&gt; I th=
ink the above paragraph is the core point of the section; describing what t=
he whole of section 2 is about.=C2=A0 The previous paragraphs, while import=
ant information, don&#39;t seem to belong in this section. Perhaps a separa=
te section focused on observed bad behavior would be better.<br><br>KM&gt; =
That would get at both your point and Kyle&#39;s, thanks.<br><br>AM&gt; I a=
gree this last paragraph could be moved-up (after the definition of Network=
 SP).<br>The Snowden and EFF paragraphs would be best positioned as footnot=
es to the<br>first sentence &quot;Network service providers use various tec=
hniques ...&quot;, but we don&#39;t<br>have that mechanism available.<br><b=
r>Also, the neutral exposition that we&#39;ve been asked to provide a milli=
on times actually<br>comes from multiple perspectives expressed in contribu=
tions that we would combine<br>in a balanced way, without value judgements =
(no good or bad).<br>Where we lack balance, we lack specific contributions.=
<br><br>(So, I think the new -14 section 1.2 does not have an appropriate t=
itle.)<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 heuristics grows, and accuracy suffers.=C2=
=A0 For example, the traffic<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 patterns between server and br=
owser are dependent on browser supplier<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 and version, even w=
hen the sessions use the same server application<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 (e.g., web=
 e-mail access).=C2=A0 It remains to be seen whether more<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 c=
omplex inferences can be mastered to produce the same monitoring<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 accuracy.<br><br>KR&gt; This might be too formal of an approach for =
this doc, but it might be possible to construct a taxonomy of layers of met=
adata made unavailable by encryption at each layer to show the completeness=
/comprehensiveness of the survey. So, for instance:<br>=C2=A0* Protocol and=
 port number are still available as a way of characterizing traffic over th=
e public internet even if the payload is encrypted, but this information is=
 lost if (e.g.) the traffic is traversing an IPsec tunnel or if radically d=
ifferent kinds of traffic all use port 443/tcp without any other way to dis=
tinguish between them.<br>=C2=A0* TCP is open to optimization/measurement e=
ven if using TLS, except when tunneled encrypted: congestion signals (like =
rexmits) previously transparent to the middlebox, for instance, are then lo=
st.<br>=C2=A0* Encrypting the payload defeats attempts to survey traffic by=
 user agent (if there&#39;s no other way to distinguish, e.g., by fingerpri=
nting).<br><br>KM&gt; I think this would be a really helpful follow on docu=
ment.=C2=A0 I&#39;d be willing to work on it if you&#39;re game.=C2=A0 I&#3=
9;ve been thining about something similar, specific to TLS, but should be b=
roadened.<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 It is important to note that the push for=
 encryption by application<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 providers has been motivated by =
the application of the described<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 techniques.=C2=A0 Some app=
lication providers have noted degraded<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 performance and/or u=
ser experience when network-based optimization or<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 enhanceme=
nt of their traffic has occurred, and such cases may result<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=
 in additional operator troubleshooting, as well.<br><br>KR&gt; Observation=
: additionally, I think you&#39;ll encounter the argument that the responsi=
bility for diagnosing bad interactions between applications and networks fa=
lls on the application owner rather than the network operator. Basically, I=
 feel like the desire among protocol designers is for operators to provide =
a pipe with certain key characteristics that interact well with established=
 transport protocol mechanisms, and otherwise to leave the traffic alone an=
d let the application developers do what they want to within the expected c=
onstraints. If that&#39;s infeasible (e.g., in edge cases, or with respect =
to new technologies that interact badly with existing transports, such as t=
he loss=3Dcongestion assumption of TCP that interacts badly with wifi), tha=
t&#39;s precisely the case needs to be made by this document.<br><br>KM&gt;=
 We have encountered this argument already.=C2=A0 It&#39;s a tough one as S=
Ps have the SLAs with customers, so they are the first call.=C2=A0 Many don=
&#39;t know how to get in touch with APP providers.=C2=A0 I understand the =
application developers perspecive, but also see that there has to be some a=
bility to troubleshoot.=C2=A0 Sure, providers could wrap the protocols for =
transport to provide some way of measuring, but information is lost.=C2=A0 =
IPv6 with flow identifiers is another way to do it, but you might not be ab=
le to prioritize a call or protocol that has little tolerance for delay ove=
r one that does for instance.=C2=A0 And I realize that app providers just w=
ant all traffic to have the same priority, but emergency calls are importan=
t.<br><br>BW&gt; I think the point made by the document is correct though: =
operators are nearly always the first call, not the application provider.<b=
r><br>KM&gt; We were asked to remove text that said that.=C2=A0 I agree tha=
t it is the case as the providers have the SLAs and you don&#39;t typlicall=
y have a number for App providers.<br><br>BW&gt; The operators are looking =
for ways to demonstrate that they did not cause the problem (or determine t=
hat they did) for efficient hand-off to the correct party for resolution. T=
here are certainly problems an approach that changes the behavior of the pr=
otocol, but it&#39;s difficult to argue with the diagnostic need.<br><br>AM=
&gt; Using Netflix as an example, the first source of problem they mention =
is the network when<br>addressing the question &quot;Why doesn&#39;t Netfli=
x work?&quot;:<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 &quot;If Netflix isn=E2=80=99t working=
, you may be experiencing a network connectivity issue, an issue with your =
device, or an issue with your Netflix app or account.&quot;<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 from <a href=3D"https://help.netflix.com/en/node/461?ui_action=3Dkb-=
article-popular-categories">https://help.netflix.com/en/node/461?ui_action=
=3Dkb-article-popular-categories</a><br>They previously had even stronger w=
ording, something like &quot;First, make sure your network connection meets=
 the Netflix requirements ... URL&quot;<br>One of the causes of re-bufferin=
g are CDN-related pauses when accessing the next segment:=C2=A0 completely =
hidden from users so far.<br>Additional frequent cause: the unlicensed WiFi=
 network owned and operated by the customer.<br><br>Another way to look at =
this strategy: App providers are transferring as much overhead cost to the =
network operators as possible<br>(troubleshooting customer problems is expe=
nsive - rolling a truck negates months of revenue), while preserving as<br>=
much value/control/revenue as they can for themselves. The greed-thingy pla=
ys poorly over time.<br>A user-focused strategy would be to form partnershi=
ps for troubleshooting of shared customers, but that might result in exposi=
ng<br>the real causes and some would rather hide for now, it seems.<br><br>=
<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 For example, browser fingerprints are comprised of many<br=
>=C2=A0=C2=A0 characteristics, including User Agent, HTTP Accept headers, b=
rowser<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 plug-in details, screen size and color details, syst=
em fonts and time<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 zone.=C2=A0 A monitoring system could eas=
ily identify a specific browser,<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 and by correlating other i=
nformation, identify a specific user.<br><br>KR&gt; Subsections of 2.1 cove=
r the following in what feels like arbitrary and inconsistent order: techni=
que description, justification for the technique, reason why the technique =
is bad (for privacy), how the technique is defeated by protocol designers, =
and examples of the technique. It really reads like a laundry list rather t=
han a systematic analysis of the problems faced, the metadata required for =
diagnostics, and how these techniques are defeated by encryption.<br><br>KM=
&gt; Hmm, this section was reorganized by others in the last IESG review, s=
o that&#39;s probbaly part of the problem.=C2=A0 I&#39;ll read through and =
see what I can do to help it out more. It cleared a discuss to make the cha=
nges.<br>** didn&#39;t tacle this one and will go back to it.<br><br>AM&gt;=
 To re-iterate: this isn&#39;t the optimization phase. We&#39;ve done 10 mo=
nths of that.<br>We&#39;ve reached &quot;what can you live with&quot; phase=
, IMO.<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 packet is able to provide stateless load bal=
ancing.=C2=A0 This ability<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 confers great reliability and sc=
aleability advantages even if the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 flow remains in a single =
POP, because the load balancing system is<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 not required to k=
eep state of each flow.=C2=A0 Even more importantly,<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 there&=
#39;s no requirement to continuously synchronize such state among<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 the pool of load balancers.<br><br>KR&gt; An important point is that=
 an integrated load balancer repurposing limited existing bits in transport=
 flow state must maintain and synchronize per-flow state occasionally: usin=
g the sequence number as a cookie only works for so long given that there a=
ren&#39;t that many bits available to divide across a pool of machines.<br>=
<br>KM&gt; I added in this point, but have to check back on flow of text.<b=
r><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Current protocols, such as TCP, allow the developmen=
t of stateless<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 integrated load balancers by availing such l=
oad balancers of<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 additional plain text information in clien=
t-to-server packets.=C2=A0 In<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 case of TCP, such information=
 can be encoded by having server-<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 generated sequence number=
s (that are ACK&#39;d by the client), segment<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 values, lengt=
hs of the packet sent, etc.<br><br>KR&gt; Is it worth mentioning that the u=
se of some of these mechanisms for load balancing negates some of the secur=
ity assumptions associated with those primitives (e.g., that an off-path at=
tacker guessing valid sequence numbers for a flow is hard)?<br><br>KM&gt; I=
 added the above in as it may offer some balance to the discussion.<br><br>=
KR&gt; A dedicated mechanism for storing load balancer state, such as QUIC&=
#39;s proposed connection ID, is strictly better from the load balancer&#39=
;s point of view, and is probably even better from a privacy perspective th=
an bolting it on to an unrelated transport signal because it can be tightly=
 controlled by one of the endpoints and rotated to avoid roving client link=
ability: in other words, being a specific, separate signal, it can be gover=
ned in a way that is finely targeted at that specific use-case. (I&#39;m th=
inking the advantages of separate mechanisms belongs in a different part of=
 the doc; this section is more like the problem statement than the solution=
 statement.)<br><br>KM&gt; This (above) needs to be reworded to be neutral =
and this does go towards solution space, which we were trying to avoid. How=
 about:<br><br>Another possibility is a dedicated mechanism for storing loa=
d balancer state, such as QUIC&#39;s proposed connection ID to provide visi=
bility to the load balancer.=C2=A0 An identifier could be used for tracking=
 purposes, but this may provide an option that is an improvement from=C2=A0=
 bolting it on to an unrelated transport signal. This method allows for tig=
ht control by one of the endpoints and can be rotated to avoid roving clien=
t linkability: in other words, being a specific, separate signal, it can be=
 governed in a way that is finely targeted at that specific use-case.<br><b=
r><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 In future Network Function Virtualization (NFV) architec=
tures, load<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 balancing functions are likely to be more preva=
lent (deployed at<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 locations throughout operators&#39; netwo=
rks)[.=C2=A0 NFV environments will<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 require some type of ide=
ntifier (IPv6 flow identifiers, the Proposed<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 QUIC con=
nection ID, etc.) for managing]<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 traffic using encrypted tun=
nels.[=C2=A0 The shift to increased encryption<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 will have an=
 impact to visibility of flow information and will require<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
adjustments to perform similar load balancing functions within an NFV.]<br>=
<br>KR&gt; I&#39;m not sure what architecture this paragraph is discussing:=
 are you talking about encrypted tunnels between NFV nodes? Is this somethi=
ng obvious to people involved in NFV? A diagram (or informational reference=
) would be helpeful to me here.<br><br>KM&gt; I see your point, the langaua=
ge here could be more clear. Do the above adjustments (ed: in []) help?<br>=
<br><br>2.2.2.=C2=A0 Differential Treatment based on Deep Packet Inspection=
 (DPI)<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 ...<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 These effects and potential alte=
rnative solutions have been discussed<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 at the accord BoF [AC=
CORD] at IETF95.<br><br>KR&gt; This section is labeled DPI, but really, the=
 underlying issue is what you stated in the first paragraph: different kind=
s of traffic have different QoS needs, yet a network provider can&#39;t rel=
y on a voluntary signal from an untrusted device to decide on QoS or every =
packet is simply going to be marked &quot;high importance&quot; and so we&#=
39;re back to treating all traffic equivalently. I&#39;d argue against one =
of the memes I heard at the accord BoF, that it&#39;s down to latency vs. t=
hroughput, by pointing out that some applications (e.g., live video with lo=
w hand-wave latency) need both.<br><br>Even after reading this, I&#39;m sti=
ll skeptical of the need for any more granularity than flow, and using AQM =
on a per-flow (e.g., 5-tuple) or flow-aggregate (some subset of the 5-tuple=
) to prevent an application or user from consuming resources unfairly. What=
, for instance, prevents a carrier from privileging VoIP traffic by looking=
 at endpoints? Would there be a way for someone else to masquerade non-VoIP=
 traffic as VoIP traffic given this kind of setup? This is the kind of ques=
tion that I need answered by this doc.<br><br>BW&gt; It might be useful to =
note in this section that QUIC and H2 both combine multiple micro-flows, po=
ssibly of different types, within a single encrypted transport-layer flow. =
They share this with IPsec tunnels and the like. IOW, the increased use of =
encrypted aggregating encapsulation can hide even the the most basic repres=
entation of a flow from the differentiated service element. This same conce=
rn applies to load balancing elements discussed in section 2.2.1.<br><br>KM=
&gt; **=C2=A0 Want to talk with Al on this set of comments.<br><br>AM&gt; W=
e were asked not to refer to QUIC, for various reasons (e.g., still under d=
evelopment).<br><br>There will always be areas where network can make the b=
est decision, because of the<br>information available to the network operat=
ors (and the lack of that same info at end-points).<br><br>When network res=
ources are constrained, only the network can manage priorities.<br>This has=
 been organized according to applications that can be identified, but there=
<br>can be other solutions requiring cooperation between user devices and t=
he network<br>according to subscription to a special service (QCI above).<b=
r><br><br>2.2.3.=C2=A0 Network Congestion Management<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Fo=
r User Plane Congestion Management (3GPP UPCON) - ability to<br>=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 understand content and manage network during congestion.=C2=A0 Mitigati=
ng<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 techniques such as deferred download, off-peak accelerat=
ion, and<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 outbound roamers.<br><br>KR&gt; This seems like a =
special case of 2.2.2.<br><br>KM&gt; Al - is there a reason this shouldn&#3=
9;t get moved into<br><br>AM&gt; I think there is some text missing here.<b=
r>The text seems to have been one list item in old<br>section 7.2, dating b=
ack to version 11.=C2=A0 The list decription was:<br><br>&quot;7.2.=C2=A0 E=
ffect of Encrypted Transport Headers<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 When the Transport=
 Header is encrypted, it prevents the following<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 mobile netw=
ork features from operating:<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 &lt;an=
d then a list of many items&gt; &quot;<br><br>I suggest to delete this text=
, but...<br><br>Kathleen - if you delete this section, Please leave the sec=
tion header<br>marked &quot;Blank - to be deleted&quot; to keep the section=
 numbering as-is,<br>and the diffs/comments will still correlate easily.=C2=
=A0 Thanks!<br><br><br>2.2.4.=C2=A0 Performance-enhancing Proxies<br><br>=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 Due to the characteristics of the mobile link, performance-enh=
ancing<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 TCP proxies may perform local retransmission at the =
mobile edge.=C2=A0 In<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 TCP, duplicated ACKs are detected and=
 potentially concealed when the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 proxy retransmits a segment=
 that was lost on the mobile link without<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 involvement of th=
e far end (see section 2.1.1 of [RFC3135] and<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 section 3.5 o=
f [I-D.dolson-plus-middlebox-benefits]).<br><br>BW&gt; Starting the first p=
aragraph in this way suggests that such use cases are for mobile links only=
, which is not correct. Performance enhancing proxies of this sort can be u=
sed on any long RTT path to improve performance over a constrained uplink.<=
br><br>KM&gt; How about:=C2=A0 Performance-enhancing TCP proxies may perfor=
m local retransmission at the network edge, this also applies to mobile net=
works.<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 This optimization at network edges measurably im=
proves real-time<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 transmission over long delay Internet path=
s or networks with large<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 capacity-variation (such as mobile=
/cellular networks).<br><br>AM&gt; FYI -=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 The folowing sen=
tence was added here in the -14pre version I sent on Nov 19:<br><br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 However, such optimizations can also c=
ause problems with performance,<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 for example if the characteristics of some packet streams begin to vary=
<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 significantly from those con=
sidered in the proxy design.<br><br>This was intended to address one of Mar=
k Nottingham&#39;s comments.<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 An application-type-aw=
are network edge (middlebox) can further<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 control pacing, li=
mit simultaneous HD videos, or prioritize active<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 videos aga=
inst new videos, etc.<br><br>KR&gt; Observation: This subsection provides t=
he first really compelling argument I&#39;ve seen for exposing flow metadat=
a to the path. On long paths, physics gets in the way of tight control feed=
back loops. If nothing else, this should provide motivation for protocol de=
signers and operators to break down the characteristics of different kinds =
of flows, determine where control points are needed in each of them, and fi=
gure out how to implement those.<br><br>I think there is this conceit among=
 protocol designers that quality problems can all be solved at the endpoint=
s without any cooperation from path elements; the really killer arguments a=
re examples of where that cannot possibly be the case. ECN is a great examp=
le of this, and is a signal explicitly targeted at middleboxes with opt-in =
by the endpoints: it allows a middlebox to report congestion without droppi=
ng packets, which produces measurably better QoS for the user.<br><br>KM&gt=
; Ack, thanks.=C2=A0 You&#39;re not looking for additional text here, is th=
at right?=C2=A0 If so, what are you thinking should be added?<br><br><br>=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 Content replication in caches (for example live video, DRM pro=
tected<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 content) is used to most efficiently utilize the ava=
ilable limited<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 bandwidth and thereby maximize the user&#39;=
s Quality of Experience<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 (QoE).=C2=A0 Especially in mobile n=
etworks, duplicating every stream<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 through the transit netwo=
rk increases backhaul cost for live TV.=C2=A0 The<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Enhanced =
Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services (3GPP eMBMS) -<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 trus=
ted edge proxies facilitate delivering same stream to different<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 users, using either unicast or multicast depending on channel<br>=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 conditions to the user.<br><br>KR&gt; There are on-going efforts =
to support multicast inside carrier networks while preserving end-to-end se=
curity: AMT, for instance, allows CDNs to deliver a single (potentially enc=
rypted) copy of a live stream to a carrier network over the public internet=
 and for the carrier to then distribute that live stream as efficiently as =
possible within its own network using multicast.<br><br>KM&gt; Text added, =
thanks.<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Alternate approaches such as blind caches [=
I-D.thomson-http-bc] are<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 being explored to allow caching of=
 encrypted content; however, they<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 still need to intercept t=
he end-to-end transport connection.<br><br>KM&gt; [s/need to intercept the =
end-to-end transport connection/require cooperation between the content own=
ers/CDNs and blind caches and fall outside the scope of what is covered in =
this document/<br><br>Content delegation solves a data visibility problem w=
ith the delegated cache, the impact remains for the use case where HTTPS en=
cryption limits visibility to offload from congested links.]<br><br>KR&gt; =
This last point isn&#39;t strictly speaking true: many proposals (including=
 I believe Martin&#39;s) require cooperation between content owners/CDNs an=
d these blind caches. From Martin&#39;s draft:<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 q( This docu=
ment describes a method for conditionally delegating the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 ho=
sting of secure content to the same server.=C2=A0 This delegation allows<br=
>=C2=A0=C2=A0 a client to send a request for an &quot;https&quot; resource =
via a proxy rather<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 than insisting on an end-to-end TLS conn=
ection.=C2=A0 This enables shared<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 caching for a limited set=
 of &quot;https&quot; resources, as selected by the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 server.=
 )<br><br>BW&gt; I&#39;m not sure that use cases where there is explicit co=
operation between the content provider and the cache are necessarily releva=
nt for this document, since in those cases the cache is an extension of the=
 content provider (by some definition) and the cache will most likely not b=
e inhibited by increased encryption. The more relevant caching case is one =
meant for network offload on the receiver side where there is no explicit c=
ooperation between the content provider and the cache. That&#39;s the case =
where the use of HTTPS inhibits the cache&#39;s ability to offload from con=
gested links. IOW, content delegation solves a data visibility problem with=
 the delegated cache; it does not solve a problem introduced to the cache t=
hrough the use of encryption.<br><br><br>2.2.6.=C2=A0 Content Compression<b=
r><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 In addition to caching, various applications exist to pr=
ovide data<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 compression in order to conserve the life of the=
 user&#39;s mobile data<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 plan and optimize delivery over the=
 mobile link.=C2=A0 The compression<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 proxy access can be bui=
lt into a specific user level application,<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 such as a browse=
r, or it can be available to all applications using a<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 syste=
m level application.=C2=A0 The primary method is for the mobile<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 application to connect to a centralized server as a proxy, with the<=
br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 data channel between the client application and the server =
using<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 compression to minimize bandwidth utilization.=C2=A0 =
The effectiveness of<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 such systems depends on the server hav=
ing access to unencrypted data<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 flows.<br><br>KR&gt; Observa=
tion: given the side channels exposed by data compression that is blind to =
content, the inability to compress arbitrary payloads is likely to be regar=
ded as a feature of encryption. (Though I recognize this is a catalog, not =
an endorsement.) Furthermore, in most cases eliminating compression is stil=
l 2-competitive with compression, so I&#39;m not sure it&#39;s a really com=
pelling use-case.<br><br>BW&gt; Per-object content compression might not be=
 a compelling use case here. Aggregated data stream content compressions th=
at spans objects and data sources is compelling, though. If there is a netw=
ork element close to the receiver that sees all content destined for the re=
ceiver and can treat it all as part of a unified compression scheme (e.g., =
through the use of a shared segment store) will often be much more effectiv=
e at providing data off-load.<br><br>KM&gt; Thanks, we&#39;ll add this text=
 (modified) to make those helpful points clear.<br><br>How about:<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 Aggregated data stream content compression that spans objects =
and data sources that can be treated as part of a unified compression schem=
e (e.g., through the use of a shared segment store) is often effective at p=
roviding data offload when there is a network element close to the receiver=
 that has access to see all the content.<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Another fo=
rm of content filtering is called parental control, where<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 s=
ome users are deliberately denied access to age-sensitive content as<br>=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 a feature to the service subscriber.=C2=A0 Some sites involve a m=
ixture of<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 universal and age-sensitive content and filtering=
 software.=C2=A0 In these<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 cases, more granular (application=
 layer) metadata may be used to<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 analyze and block traffic.=
=C2=A0 Methods that accessed cleartext<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 application-layer me=
tadata no longer work when sessions are<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 encrypted.=C2=A0 Th=
is type of granular filtering could occur at the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 endpoint.=
=C2=A0 However, the lack of ability to efficiently manage<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 e=
ndpoints as a service reduces providers&#39; ability to offer parental<br>=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 control.<br><br>KR&gt; It might be worth discussing the typica=
l opt-in strategy for these things in the presence of TLS, adding a new int=
ercept CA to willing clients, which has the downside that it potentially ex=
poses every https connection to an active MitM.<br><br>BW&gt; +1<br><br>KM&=
gt; OK, we hadn&#39;t done that before since the option doesn&#39;t change,=
 but you make a good point, so I&#39;ll add in text.=C2=A0 Thanks.<br><br>I=
 added the following:<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 This method is also used by=
 other types of network providers enabling<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 traf=
fic inspection, but not modification.&lt;/t&gt;<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 &lt;t&gt;Content fil=
tering via a proxy can also utilize an intercepting<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 certificate where the client&#39;s ses=
sion is terminated at the proxy<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 enabling for cleartext inspection of the traffic.=C2=A0 A n=
ew session<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 is cre=
ated from the intercepting device to the client&#39;s<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 destination, this is an opt-in strateg=
y for the client. Changes to<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 TLSv1.3 do not impact this more invasive method of interceptio=
n, where<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 this has=
 the potential to expose every HTTPS session to an active<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 man in the middle (MitM). &lt;/t=
&gt;<br><br>KR&gt; Random comment: especially with respect to government co=
ntent filtering, I&#39;m worried that the IETF&#39;s current approach of pl=
aying chicken with regulators on end-to-end encryption is going to result i=
n normalization of intercept CAs, which will be strictly worse than a compr=
omise solution in which a subset of traffic can be inspected (but not modif=
ied) with the user&#39;s knowledge and consent (e.g., distinct optics in th=
e browser). I wouldn&#39;t like either outcome, frankly, but it would be ni=
ce if we had a game plan for what to do for user privacy if intercept CAs b=
ecome a requirement for using the web in large parts of the world (somethin=
g we might be one &quot;crisis&quot; away from), and an honest evaluation o=
f the alternatives. Fundamentally, I don&#39;t like it when discussion gets=
 shut down because people want to bury their heads in the sand in the name =
of ideology.&lt;/rant&gt;<br><br>BW&gt; +1. I also note that this concern a=
pplies to some of the other performance related use cases too.<br><br>KM&gt=
; I think the real argument here is a control one between the application a=
nd management folks and not security/privacy even though that&#39;s what is=
 often discussed.=C2=A0 This is all about control.<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
In addition, mobile network operator often sell tariffs that allow<br>=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 free-data access to certain sites, known as &#39;zero rating&#39;=
.=C2=A0 A session<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 to visit such a site incurs no additional=
 cost or data usage to the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 user.=C2=A0 This feature is impa=
cted if encryption hides the details of<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 the content domain =
from the network.<br><br>KR&gt; There&#39;s the related issue that zero-rat=
ing by-implementation typically applies only to direct connections to a par=
ticular endpoint (e.g., by IP): if a user accidentally tunnels traffic from=
 Spotify through a corporate VPN, that traffic won&#39;t be zero-rated, enc=
rypted tunnel or not. (This goes back to the taxonomy of metadata layers co=
mment I made near the top.) Carriers aren&#39;t going to trust e.g., a Host=
 header for zero-rating, because that provides a simple way to tunnel traff=
ic for free: consequently, determination of zero-rating will always involve=
 some hard-to-impersonate credential, like an IP address or server certific=
ate in the public trust web.<br><br>KM&gt; Not sure what to add here, any i=
deas, AL?<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 When RTSP stream content is encrypted, th=
e 5-tuple information within<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 the payload is not visible to =
these ALG implementations, and<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 therefore they cannot provis=
ion their associated middelboxes with<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 that information.<br>=
<br>KR&gt; I would argue that this is a protocol design issue. This was ori=
ginally a problem with firewalls and NATs, with content inspection as a hac=
k to work around the protocol/network impedance mismatch. I&#39;m not the o=
nly one who would argue the right solution today is to design protocols to =
not require linkage across connections by middleboxes that do basic filteri=
ng.<br><br>KM&gt; I think we are in agreement here for solution direction, =
but the document specificly tries to avoid solutions.=C2=A0 This example ha=
s been raised in the IESG by Warren and the apps side hadn&#39;t considered=
 his view of it previously.=C2=A0 It would be good for protocols to have th=
ese considerations in their designs, they were mostly thinking it didn&#39;=
t matter and were end-to-end.=C2=A0 But poor video streaming sessions are a=
n issue.=C2=A0 Not sure we should add any text here???<br><br><br>2.3.4.=C2=
=A0 HTTP Header Insertion<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Some mobile carriers use HTTP=
 header insertion (see section 3.2.1 of<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 [RFC7230]) to provi=
de information about their customers to third<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 parties or to=
 their own internal systems [Enrich].=C2=A0 Third parties use<br>=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 the inserted information for analytics, customization, advertising,<br>=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 to bill the customer, or to selectively allow or block content=
.=C2=A0 HTTP<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 header insertion is also used to pass informat=
ion internally between<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 a mobile service provider&#39;s sub-=
systems, thus keeping the internal<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 systems loosely coupled.=
=C2=A0 When HTTP connections are encrypted, mobile<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 network =
service providers cannot insert headers to accomplish the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 f=
unctions above.<br><br>KR&gt; See my first comment re: compression. I&#39;m=
 dithering on how best to present these cases that are going to trigger som=
e folks. ;-)<br><br>KM&gt; Yes, this one is a hot button.=C2=A0 For the com=
pression one, I clarified with added text and a use case that Brandon provi=
ded.<br><br><br>3.1.=C2=A0 Management Access Security<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 ...<b=
r>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Application service providers, by their very nature, control=
 the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 application endpoint.=C2=A0 As such, much of the infor=
mation gleaned from<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 sessions are still available on that en=
dpoint.=C2=A0 However, when a gap<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 exists in the application=
&#39;s logging and debugging capabilities, this<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 has led the=
 application service provider to access data-in-transport<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 f=
or monitoring and debugging.<br><br>BW&gt; How is DLP part of the managemen=
t access discussion? It seems like a separate use case to me. The above two=
 paragraphs seem out of place in this section.<br><br>KM&gt; Good point, I =
moved this to the SP Content monitoring of Applications subsection and adde=
d a bullet for DLP.<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Overlay networks (e.g.=C2=A0 VX=
LAN, Geneve, etc.) may be used to indicate<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 desired isolatio=
n, but this is not sufficient to prevent deliberate<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 attacks=
 that are aware of the use of the overlay network.=C2=A0 It is<br>=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 possible to use an overlay header in combination with IPsec, but this<b=
r>=C2=A0=C2=A0 adds the requirement for authentication infrastructure and m=
ay reduce<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 packet transfer performance.=C2=A0 Additional ext=
ension mechanisms to<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 provide integrity and/or privacy prote=
ctions are being investigated<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 for overlay encapsulations.=
=C2=A0 Section 7 of [RFC7348] describes some of<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 the securit=
y issues possible when deploying VXLAN on Layer 2<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 networks.=
=C2=A0 Rogue endpoints can join the multicast groups that carry<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 broadcast traffic, for example.<br><br>BW&gt; I&#39;m a little confu=
sed about the overall point of this section. I think that it might be &quot=
;Hosted environment sometimes use content inspection to differentiate betwe=
en management traffic and service traffic.&quot; but I don&#39;t think this=
 point is very clearly stated. Or is there a different central point?<br><b=
r>KM&gt; It was supposed to be management access, but text got added and th=
e DLP doesn&#39;t fit, so that has been moved.=C2=A0 I can reach out to Ali=
a who contributed the VXLAN text to work that better into the intent of thi=
s section as I can see your point on lack of flow.<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
Data center operators may also maintain packet recordings in order to<br>=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 be able to investigate attacks, breach of internal processes, =
etc.<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 In some industries, organizations may be legally requi=
red to maintain<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 such information for compliance purposes.=
=C2=A0 Investigations of this<br><br>KR&gt; I think you&#39;ll get a &quot;=
[citation needed]&quot; from folks on the TLS mailing list.<br><br>KM&gt; I=
 suspect this is one you have that recorded text, you have to maintain it f=
or chain of custody with investigation handling.=C2=A0 I&#39;ll have to fig=
ure out if there is anything that would require the capture, I suspect not,=
 but could be wrong.<br><br><br>3.2.=C2=A0 Hosted Applications<br><br>=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 Organizations are increasingly using hosted applications rather t=
han<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 in-house solutions that require maintenance of equipmen=
t and<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 software.=C2=A0 Examples include Enterprise Resource =
Planning (ERP)<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 solutions, payroll service, time and attenda=
nce, travel and expense<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 reporting among others.=C2=A0 Organ=
izations may require some level of<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 management access to the=
se hosted applications and will typically<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 require session e=
ncryption or a dedicated channel for this activity.<br><br>KR&gt; I&#39;m n=
ot sure how encryption of the management session is relevant to this doc. T=
he way I&#39;ve framed this document in my mind is &quot;What information f=
rom flows is being used for network management by entities other than the e=
ndpoints, who have a need-to-know for the cleartext payload?&quot;, where &=
quot;management&quot; includes things like compliance and satisfying regula=
tory requirements.<br><br>KM&gt; Leaving as-is for now.=C2=A0 While there i=
s no impact since these sessions are already encrypted, it is one more conn=
ection point to using encryption successfully?<br>Al?<br><br><br>3.2.2.=C2=
=A0 Mail Service Providers<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 ...<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 STARTTLS oug=
ht have zero effect on anti-SPAM efforts for SMTP<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 traffic.=
=C2=A0 Anti-SPAM services could easily be performed on an SMTP<br>=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 gateway, eliminating the need for TLS decryption services.=C2=A0 The<br=
>=C2=A0=C2=A0 impact to Anti-SPAM service providers should be limited to a =
change<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 in tools, where middle boxes were deployed to perfor=
m these<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 functions.<br><br>KR&gt; Here you&#39;re discussing=
 a potential change to the operational technique, which doesn&#39;t match t=
he rest of the subsections.<br><br>KM&gt; You&#39;re right.=C2=A0 This text=
 came in from Stephen when he was the sonsoring AD.=C2=A0 The point is vali=
d, but doen&#39;t fit exactly, but I&#39;m hesitant to remove it.<br><br><b=
r>3.3.=C2=A0 Data Storage<br><br>BW&gt; I&#39;m having trouble with the Dat=
a Storage section at large. For the most part, it seems to be describing us=
e cases for the deployment of encryption, as opposed to things that people =
are doing today that would be harder if the network flows were encrypted.<b=
r><br>KM&gt; Flow were encrypted in recent years per customer demand and th=
e engineers worked to ensure monitoring was possible, improving logging, et=
c.=C2=A0 I&#39;ll try to make that more clear in the introduction.=C2=A0 Th=
is is a positive example, at least it was meant that way and for completene=
ss.<br><br><br>3.3.1.=C2=A0 Object-level Encryption<br><br>KR&gt; End-to-en=
d or object encryption seems like a better description here: host-level enc=
ryption implies that anything on the originating or target host has access =
to it, when (for instance) it could be encrypted to a TPM resident key or a=
n SGX enclave key. The distinguishing question seems to be &quot;Do middleb=
oxes/intermediate nodes have access to the cleartext?&quot;<br><br>KM&gt; Y=
ou&#39;re right.=C2=A0 The term host-level is an internal one and shouldn&#=
39;t be in the document.=C2=A0 I&#39;ll fix that, thanks.=C2=A0 No, middleb=
oxes don&#39;t have access in the EMC use cases at least.=C2=A0 This is spe=
cific to object level encryption.<br><br><br>3.3.1.1.=C2=A0 Monitoring for =
Hosted Storage<br><br>BW&gt; This is one of the few subsections that seems =
to be describing an method in current use that will be made more difficult =
if all the data flows are encrypted.<br><br><br>3.3.2.1.=C2=A0 Monitoring S=
ession Flows for DAR Solutions<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Monitoring for transport=
 of data to storage platforms, where object<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 level encryptio=
n is performed close to or on the storage platform are<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 simi=
lar to those described in the section on Monitoring for Hosted<br>=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 Storage.=C2=A0 The primary difference for these solutions is the possib=
le<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 exposure of sensitive information, which could include p=
rivacy<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 related data, financial information, or intellectual=
 property if<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 session encryption via TLS is not deployed.=C2=
=A0 Session encryption is<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 typically used with these solutio=
ns, but that decision would be based<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 on a risk assessment.<=
br><br>BW&gt; What would be a monitoring use case in current use that will =
be made more difficult due to the increased use of encryption? The previous=
 sentence seems to be suggesting that session encryption is already prevale=
nt, so I would think that people deploying DAR solutions have already come =
up with different monitoring approaches.<br><br>KM&gt; The storage engineer=
s improved monitoring capabilities through logging, etc.=C2=A0 This was a r=
equirement, so they made it happen with full agreement on direction.<br><br=
><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 There are use cases where DAR or disk-level<br>=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 encryption is required.=C2=A0 Examples include preventing exposure of d=
ata<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 if physical disks are stolen or lost.<br><br>KR&gt; I d=
on&#39;t see these last two sentences are relevant, as they have nothing to=
 do with the network flows.<br><br>KM&gt; I&#39;m happy to remove.=C2=A0 DO=
 they help a reader who is not familiar with the technology to understand t=
he layers of encryption used at all or is it better to remove the sentence?=
<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 In the case where TLS is in<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 use, m=
onitoring and the exposure of data is limited to a 5-tuple.<br><br>KR&gt; T=
his is an example of implicit use of the taxonomy I referred to earlier. I =
feel like this should be used systematically throughout the survey (i.e., w=
hat metadata does your technique rely on, and why?).<br><br>KM&gt; That was=
 the intent, but we didn&#39;t get that information from enough contributor=
s.=C2=A0 I provided the above in a very early draft.=C2=A0 We&#39;ll have t=
o go back through and see if that&#39;s possible at this point.=C2=A0 I kno=
w it would be helpful.<br><br><br>3.3.3.1.=C2=A0 Monitoring Of IPSec for Da=
ta Replication Services<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Monitoring for data replication=
 services are described in this<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 subsection.<br><br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 Monitoring of data flows between data centers may be performed for<b=
r>=C2=A0=C2=A0 security and operational purposes and would typically concen=
trate<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 more on operational aspects since these flows are ess=
entially virtual<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 private networks (VPN) between data center=
s.=C2=A0 Operational<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 considerations include capacity and av=
ailability monitoring.=C2=A0 The<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 security monitoring may be=
 to detect anomalies in the data flows,<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 similar to what was=
 described in the &quot;Monitoring for Hosted Storage<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Secti=
on&quot;.=C2=A0 If IPsec tunnel mode is in use, monitoring is limited to a<=
br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 2-tuple, or with transport mode, a 5-tuple.<br><br>BW&gt; W=
hat monitoring is done when encryption is not in use? Is there something be=
ing done that requires access to higher layer protocols? If this traffic is=
 already most-often encrypted, then maybe the use case isn&#39;t relevant f=
or this document.<br><br>KM&gt; It&#39;s just here for completeness<br><br>=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 Security monitoring in the enterprise may also be performed at=
 the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 endpoint with numerous current solutions that mitigate=
 the same<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 problems as some of the above mentioned solutions=
.=C2=A0 Since the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 software agents operate on the device, th=
ey are able to monitor<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 traffic before it is encrypted, moni=
tor for behavior changes, and<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 lock down devices to use only=
 the expected set of applications.<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Session encryption does =
not affect these solutions.=C2=A0 Some might argue<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 that sca=
ling is an issue in the enterprise, but some large<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 enterpri=
ses have used these tools effectively.<br><br>KR&gt; This is another exampl=
e of mixing proposed solutions in among the problem statement. I would argu=
e for a clear separation, which may mean that this document needs to have a=
 single-minded focus on &quot;here are the problems and here&#39;s how ente=
rprises currently address them.&quot;<br><br>BW&gt; Also, enterprises incre=
asingly allow BYOD programs for their employees, and such programs make it =
more difficult to ensure that adequate endpoint-based defenses are active. =
This is especially true when the area of risk in question is the above #5 &=
quot;track misuse and abuse by employees&quot;. Note too that endpoint-base=
d defenses can be less effective when the device is already compromised, in=
 which case detection of the compromised device and effective remediation c=
an be made more effective through the additional use of an on-path element.=
<br><br>KM&gt; [made some subsequent edits to this section]<br><br><br>4.1.=
3.2.=C2=A0 TCP Pipelining/Session Multiplexing<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 TCP Pipe=
lining/Session Multiplexing used mainly by middle boxes today<br>=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 allow for multiple end user sessions to share the same TCP<br>=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 connection. [This rasises several points of interest with an<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 increased use =
of encryption.=C2=A0 TCP session multiplexing should still<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 be possible when TLS=
 or TCPcrypt is in use since the TCP header<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 information is exposed leaving the =
5-tuple accessible.=C2=A0 The use<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 TCP session multiplexing of an IP layer ency=
ption, e.g. IPsec,<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 that only exposes a 2-tuple would not be possible.=C2=A0 Tr=
oubleshooting<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 capabilities with encrypted sessions from the middlebox may limit=
<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 trou=
bleshooting to the use of logs from the end points performing<br>=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 the TCP multiplex=
ing or from the middleboxes prior to any<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 additional encryption that may be adde=
d to tunnel the TCP multiplexed<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 traffic.]<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 KM&gt; I deleted the =
following, after adding in some of this content above where I think it make=
s more sense:<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 [Today&#39;s network troubleshooter often rel=
ies upon session<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 decryption to tell which packet belongs to=
 which end user, since the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 logs are currently inadequate fo=
r the analysis performed.]<br><br>KR&gt; It&#39;s not clear to me how these=
 two sentences are related.<br><br>KM&gt; Good point.=C2=A0 I think deletin=
g the second sentence is important as it&#39;s a general point and not spec=
ific to this section.=C2=A0 E2E with FS should prevent the use of this mult=
iplexing as I read it, so that is an impact that should be fine to document=
 on it&#39;s own. [edits subsequently above; maybe best viewed from the eth=
erpad]<br><br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Increased use of HTTP/2 will likely further =
increase the prevalence<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 of session multiplexing, both on th=
e Internet and in the private data<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 center.[=C2=A0 HTTP pipe=
lining requires both the client and server to participate<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 a=
nd visibilty of packets once encrypted will hide the use of HTTP pipelining=
 for any monitoring that takes place outside of the endpoint or proxy solut=
ion.=C2=A0 Visibility for middleboxes includes anything exposed by TLS and =
the 5-tuple.<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Note: left the text like this as SNI encryptio=
n will be optional, so it may also be exposed and this could vary by versio=
n used.]<br><br>KR&gt; And further complicate analysis of cleartext payload=
s from individual packets.<br><br><br>4.2.=C2=A0 Techniques for Monitoring =
Internet Session Traffic<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 ...<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 (PII), or pers=
onal health information (PHI).=C2=A0 Various techniques are<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=
 used to intercept HTTP/TLS sessions for DLP and other purposes, and<br>=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 are described in &quot;Summarizing Known Attacks on TLS and DTLS&=
quot;<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 [RFC7457].=C2=A0 Note: many corporate policies allow =
access to personal<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 financial and other sites for users with=
out interception.=C2=A0 Another<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 option is to terminate a TL=
S session prior to the point where<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 monitoring is performed.=
<br><br>KR&gt; The last two sentences seem like a non-sequitur.<br><br>KM&g=
t; Leaving as-is for now.<br><br><br>5.4.=C2=A0 Botnets<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=
 Botnet detection and mitigation is complex and may involve hundreds<br>=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 or thousands of hosts with numerous Command and Control (C&amp;C)=
<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 servers.=C2=A0 The techniques and data used to monitor and=
 detect each may<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 vary.=C2=A0 Connections to C&amp;C servers=
 are typically encrypted, therefore<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 a move to an increasing=
ly encrypted Internet may not affect the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 detection and shar=
ing methods used.<br><br>KR&gt; This is one of a general category of traffi=
c that is intentionally protected from interference by the application.<br>=
<br>BW&gt; For that reason, this one almost seems like a counter example ..=
. botnets encrypt to evade many of the earlier described methods, therefore=
 many of the earlier described methods are already inadequate. On the other=
 hand, maybe the point is that increased use of encryption for botnet C&amp=
;C demands new methods to handle many of the previously described use cases=
.<br><br>KM&gt; Well, from an incident investigation standpoint, many advan=
ced operators have found detection methods that don&#39;t hinder their capa=
bilities when traffic is encrypted.=C2=A0 Maybe I need to make this text mo=
re clear as I think I may have written it, not positive.<br><br>I think I&#=
39;m going to leave the text alone as I think it reads as a positive exampl=
e, one which techniques could be applied to other areas.=C2=A0 The DoS sect=
ion talks a little about use of fingerprinting traffic already, which is on=
e common technique.<br><br><br>5.7.=C2=A0 Further work<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
Although incident response work will continue, new methods to prevent<br>=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 system compromise through security automation and continuous<b=
r>=C2=A0=C2=A0 monitoring [SACM] may provide alternate approaches where sys=
tem<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 security is maintained as a preventative measure.<br><b=
r>KR&gt; Not clear how the unknowns relate to the purpose of this document.=
 Being sarcastic for a minute, I&#39;m interpreting this as &quot;Any clear=
text metadata just *might* be used in the future for some kind of enterpris=
e security monitoring!&quot;<br><br>KM&gt; Hmm, it&#39;s meant to say endpo=
ints (which you control) should be used and technology like what is expecte=
d out of SACM will help with automating this.=C2=A0 We are open to text sug=
gestions.<br><br><br>6.1.=C2=A0 IP Flow Information Export<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
...<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 The collection of IPFIX data itself, of course, provide=
s a point of<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 centralization for potentially business- and p=
rivacy-critical<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 information.=C2=A0 The IPFIX File Format sp=
ecification [RFC5655]<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 recommends encryption for this data a=
t rest, and the IP Flow<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Anonymization specification [RFC623=
5] defines a metadata format for<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 describing the anonymizati=
on functions applied to an IPFIX dataset,<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 if anonymization =
is employed for data sharing of IPFIX information<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 between e=
nterprises or network operators.<br><br>KR&gt; I don&#39;t understand how I=
PFIX relates to the purpose of this document. Each of the IEs should be cov=
ered by one of the functional categories described earlier in the document.=
<br><br>KM&gt; Leaving as-is for now.=C2=A0 Was added per Benoit and Brian =
Trammell for completeness on network management and encryption.<br><br><br>=
6.4.=C2=A0 Content Length, BitRate and Pacing<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Although =
block ciphers utilise padding, this makes a<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 negligible diff=
erence.=C2=A0 Bitrate and pacing are generally application<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
specific, and do not change much when the content is encrypted.<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 Multiplexed formats (such as HTTP/2 and QUIC) may however incorporat=
e<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 several application streams over one connection, which ma=
kes the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 bitrate/pacing no longer application-specific.<br><=
br>KR&gt; Are the four items listed here all the application-level flow inf=
ormation available to the network for encrypted flows? I think I need some =
more comprehensive top-down analysis to be confident of that. It seems like=
 this could be folded into the metadata taxonomy, if you decide to go that =
route.<br><br>This section is also weird in that it doesn&#39;t describe a =
problem caused by encrypted flows. There&#39;s a lack of parallelism in str=
ucture between the other sections and this one.<br><br>KM&gt; Good point, b=
ut not my area and am open to suggestions.=C2=A0 Is it just anothe example =
where things are ok when encrypted?=C2=A0 I think a few of those are a good=
 thing.<br><br><br>7.=C2=A0 Impact on Mobility Network Optimizations and Ne=
w Services<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 This section considers the effects of transp=
ort level encryption on<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 existing forms of mobile network op=
timization techniques, as well as<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 potential new services.=
=C2=A0 The material in this section assumes<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 familiarity wit=
h mobile network concepts, specifications, and<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 architecture=
s.<br><br>KR&gt; Good warning, but the entire section is very specific to a=
 particular set of technologies, while the rest of the document is much mor=
e general. This feels like a case of &quot;writing to what you know&quot;, =
which is fine in principle, but it feels out of place in this document to u=
se so much jargon and to discuss metrics in the context of a single technol=
ogy when many of these KPIs have equivalents outside of 3GPP.<br><br><br>=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 c.=C2=A0 Performance-enhancing proxy with low RTT determines t=
he<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 responsiveness of TCP flow contr=
ol, and enables faster adaptation<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 i=
n a delay &amp; capacity varying network due to user mobility.=C2=A0 Low<br=
>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 RTT permits use of a smaller send win=
dow, which makes the flow<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 control l=
oop more responsive to changing mobile network<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 conditions.<br><br>KR&gt; Again, as with section 2.2.4, this s=
ection provides the clearest and most convincing arguments for the need for=
 middlebox cooperation on flows.<br><br></div>

--001a11c14646a9c75305625e6ed9--


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I would put each of my comments in the etherpad into one of three buckets:
observations and commentary, minor points and clarifications, and points
that I think require more discussion. I'm only really going to address the
last bucket: the others I raised but don't feel particularly strongly
about, at least at this late stage in the document's life.

   (section 3.2 of [RFC7525]), essentially preventing the negotiation
>    process resulting in fallback to the use of clear text.  In other
>    cases, some service providers have relied on middle boxes having
>    access to clear text for the purposes of load balancing, monitoring
>    for attack traffic, meeting regulatory requirements, or for other
>    purposes.  These middle box implementations, whether performing
>    functions considered legitimate by the IETF or not, have been
>    impacted by increases in encrypted traffic.  Only methods keeping
>    with the goal of balancing network management and PM mitigation in
>    [RFC7258] should be considered in solution work resulting from this
>    document.
>
> KR> I feel like this section could be better organized by:
>  * Moving the examples to 1.1 as a bulleted list of sample situations in
> which network operators attempted to and/or succeeded in defeating
> encryption to preserve existing operational mechanisms, or in which
> performance suffered for users (whether of the encrypted flows or of othe=
r
> flows impacted by encrypted flows).
>
> KM> Interesting point, but we'd need more examples.  I'll think about thi=
s
> more and chat with Al in case he has ideas.  For now, I went with Brandon=
's
> easier suggestion, but moving to this would be nice for the document
> readers.
>
> AM> Although I see how these examples could be part of the background, I
> think those who will
> eventually remove their objections will prefer the reduced emphasis on
> these examples where
> they are (in section 2). In one view, the entire memo is background, sinc=
e
> nothing new is proposed.
>
> KR>
>  * Using this section as an introduction to the methodology for catalogin=
g
> operational mechanisms depending on cleartext traffic monitoring, with th=
e
> various caveats on what will be considered (e.g., only mechanisms require=
d
> heretofore for operability), and for describing the approach to seeking
> mitigations and/or substitutions.
>
> KM> Hmm, interesting point.  I'll have to think about this more as it
> could be alot of work at this stage.
>
> AM> Unfortunately, we've already implemented many AD-level suggestions on
> the organization of Section 2.
> We're at the stage of *what can everybody live with", and re-re-re-org
> falls out now, IMO.
>

This is a reasonable objection, but I am mostly concerned about satisfying
the target audience. ISTM that audience is something like "IETF
participants who are skeptical about, or ignorant of, the operational
difficulties posed by widespread encryption of flows". If the document
meets your goals as-is, then further refinement is unnecessary. Does it? Or
is it impossible to know at this point?


> AM> Also, the neutral exposition that we've been asked to provide a
> million times actually
> comes from multiple perspectives expressed in contributions that we would
> combine
> in a balanced way, without value judgements (no good or bad).
> Where we lack balance, we lack specific contributions.
>

"Neutral" meaning "without advocacy"? It's a fine line. The document still
has a thesis, which (if I am reading it correctly) is to inform the
community of current operational practices that are encumbered in some way
by encryption. To wit, q( It provides network operators' perspectives about
the motivations and objectives of those practices as well as effects
anticipated by operators as use of encryption increases. ) Without that
thesis, which some might interpret as advocacy, it's not clear the document
would have enough focus to be useful. I'd like folks to see this doc as *at
worst* devil's advocacy, and preferably as a challenge to come up with
better arguments and to find alternative methods for dealing with network
management problems.

>
>    heuristics grows, and accuracy suffers.  For example, the traffic
>    patterns between server and browser are dependent on browser supplier
>    and version, even when the sessions use the same server application
>    (e.g., web e-mail access).  It remains to be seen whether more
>    complex inferences can be mastered to produce the same monitoring
>    accuracy.
>
> KR> This might be too formal of an approach for this doc, but it might be
> possible to construct a taxonomy of layers of metadata made unavailable b=
y
> encryption at each layer to show the completeness/comprehensiveness of th=
e
> survey. So, for instance:
>  * Protocol and port number are still available as a way of characterizin=
g
> traffic over the public internet even if the payload is encrypted, but th=
is
> information is lost if (e.g.) the traffic is traversing an IPsec tunnel o=
r
> if radically different kinds of traffic all use port 443/tcp without any
> other way to distinguish between them.
>  * TCP is open to optimization/measurement even if using TLS, except when
> tunneled encrypted: congestion signals (like rexmits) previously
> transparent to the middlebox, for instance, are then lost.
>  * Encrypting the payload defeats attempts to survey traffic by user agen=
t
> (if there's no other way to distinguish, e.g., by fingerprinting).
>
> KM> I think this would be a really helpful follow on document.  I'd be
> willing to work on it if you're game.  I've been thining about something
> similar, specific to TLS, but should be broadened.
>

I'm afraid this topic might be more of a research project than it initially
appears, but it's probably a reasonable exercise to see what we can produce
for a plaintext protocol vs. that same protocol over TLS. Ping me.


>    It is important to note that the push for encryption by application
>    providers has been motivated by the application of the described
>    techniques.  Some application providers have noted degraded
>    performance and/or user experience when network-based optimization or
>    enhancement of their traffic has occurred, and such cases may result
>    in additional operator troubleshooting, as well.
>
> KR> Observation: additionally, I think you'll encounter the argument that
> the responsibility for diagnosing bad interactions between applications a=
nd
> networks falls on the application owner rather than the network operator.
> Basically, I feel like the desire among protocol designers is for operato=
rs
> to provide a pipe with certain key characteristics that interact well wit=
h
> established transport protocol mechanisms, and otherwise to leave the
> traffic alone and let the application developers do what they want to
> within the expected constraints. If that's infeasible (e.g., in edge case=
s,
> or with respect to new technologies that interact badly with existing
> transports, such as the loss=3Dcongestion assumption of TCP that interact=
s
> badly with wifi), that's precisely the case needs to be made by this
> document.
>
> KM> We have encountered this argument already.  It's a tough one as SPs
> have the SLAs with customers, so they are the first call.  Many don't kno=
w
> how to get in touch with APP providers.  I understand the application
> developers perspecive, but also see that there has to be some ability to
> troubleshoot.  Sure, providers could wrap the protocols for transport to
> provide some way of measuring, but information is lost.  IPv6 with flow
> identifiers is another way to do it, but you might not be able to
> prioritize a call or protocol that has little tolerance for delay over on=
e
> that does for instance.  And I realize that app providers just want all
> traffic to have the same priority, but emergency calls are important.
>
> BW> I think the point made by the document is correct though: operators
> are nearly always the first call, not the application provider.
>
> KM> We were asked to remove text that said that.  I agree that it is the
> case as the providers have the SLAs and you don't typlically have a numbe=
r
> for App providers.
>
> BW> The operators are looking for ways to demonstrate that they did not
> cause the problem (or determine that they did) for efficient hand-off to
> the correct party for resolution. There are certainly problems an approac=
h
> that changes the behavior of the protocol, but it's difficult to argue wi=
th
> the diagnostic need.
>
> AM> Using Netflix as an example, the first source of problem they mention
> is the network when
> addressing the question "Why doesn't Netflix work?":
>     "If Netflix isn=E2=80=99t working, you may be experiencing a network
> connectivity issue, an issue with your device, or an issue with your
> Netflix app or account."
>     from https://help.netflix.com/en/node/461?ui_action=3Dkb-article-
> popular-categories
> They previously had even stronger wording, something like "First, make
> sure your network connection meets the Netflix requirements ... URL"
> One of the causes of re-buffering are CDN-related pauses when accessing
> the next segment:  completely hidden from users so far.
> Additional frequent cause: the unlicensed WiFi network owned and operated
> by the customer.
>
> Another way to look at this strategy: App providers are transferring as
> much overhead cost to the network operators as possible
> (troubleshooting customer problems is expensive - rolling a truck negates
> months of revenue), while preserving as
> much value/control/revenue as they can for themselves. The greed-thingy
> plays poorly over time.
> A user-focused strategy would be to form partnerships for troubleshooting
> of shared customers, but that might result in exposing
> the real causes and some would rather hide for now, it seems.
>

I agree with all the points you've made. How do we square reality (users
blame network operators) with the current approach to protocol design at
the IETF (keep the network dumb)? I feel like creating a conversation about
this apparent cognitive dissonance will be one of the most important
outcomes of publishing this document.

I have no doubt the conflict will resolve itself somehow: CDNs, for
instance, act as an intelligent overlay over dumb networks and can
therefore provide the most consistent user experience when deeply deployed
into carrier networks the structure of which they have intimate knowledge.
Is the right solution to continue to effectively delegate this
responsibility by encouraging breaking of connections at the edge, or
should the IETF be trying to optimize the end-to-end performance of its
protocols on the public internet?

Anyway, I digress. This isn't a conversation I'm proposing you have in this
document; just that the doc should raise these kinds of questions in the
reader.

   packet is able to provide stateless load balancing.  This ability
>    confers great reliability and scaleability advantages even if the
>    flow remains in a single POP, because the load balancing system is
>    not required to keep state of each flow.  Even more importantly,
>    there's no requirement to continuously synchronize such state among
>    the pool of load balancers.
>
> KR> An important point is that an integrated load balancer repurposing
> limited existing bits in transport flow state must maintain and synchroni=
ze
> per-flow state occasionally: using the sequence number as a cookie only
> works for so long given that there aren't that many bits available to
> divide across a pool of machines.
>
> KM> I added in this point, but have to check back on flow of text.
>

I checked the wording in -14.I'm going to propose slightly different
language:

q( This ability
   confers great reliability and scalability advantages even if the
   flow remains in a single POP, because the load balancing system is
   not required to keep state of each flow. There is value even when the
   repurposed bits are strictly insufficient for encoding all state: an
integrated load balancer repurposing
   limited existing bits in transport flow state must still maintain and
   synchronize per-flow state occasionally (using the sequence number as
   a cookie only works for so long given that there aren't that many
   bits available to divide across a pool of machines), but there is no
longer
   a requirement for such synchronization to be continuous or
instantaneous. )

KR> A dedicated mechanism for storing load balancer state, such as QUIC's
> proposed connection ID, is strictly better from the load balancer's point
> of view, and is probably even better from a privacy perspective than
> bolting it on to an unrelated transport signal because it can be tightly
> controlled by one of the endpoints and rotated to avoid roving client
> linkability: in other words, being a specific, separate signal, it can be
> governed in a way that is finely targeted at that specific use-case. (I'm
> thinking the advantages of separate mechanisms belongs in a different par=
t
> of the doc; this section is more like the problem statement than the
> solution statement.)
>
> KM> This (above) needs to be reworded to be neutral and this does go
> towards solution space, which we were trying to avoid. How about:
>
> Another possibility is a dedicated mechanism for storing load balancer
> state, such as QUIC's proposed connection ID to provide visibility to the
> load balancer.  An identifier could be used for tracking purposes, but th=
is
> may provide an option that is an improvement from  bolting it on to an
> unrelated transport signal. This method allows for tight control by one o=
f
> the endpoints and can be rotated to avoid roving client linkability: in
> other words, being a specific, separate signal, it can be governed in a w=
ay
> that is finely targeted at that specific use-case.
>

SGTM. Maybe s/improvement from bolting it on to/improvement compared to
co-opting/.

   In future Network Function Virtualization (NFV) architectures, load
>    balancing functions are likely to be more prevalent (deployed at
>    locations throughout operators' networks)[.  NFV environments will
>    require some type of identifier (IPv6 flow identifiers, the Proposed
>     QUIC connection ID, etc.) for managing]
>    traffic using encrypted tunnels.[  The shift to increased encryption
>    will have an impact to visibility of flow information and will require
>    adjustments to perform similar load balancing functions within an NFV.=
]
>
> KR> I'm not sure what architecture this paragraph is discussing: are you
> talking about encrypted tunnels between NFV nodes? Is this something
> obvious to people involved in NFV? A diagram (or informational reference)
> would be helpeful to me here.
>
> KM> I see your point, the langauage here could be more clear. Do the abov=
e
> adjustments (ed: in []) help?
>

I am still a little confused. Is the idea that load balancing in NFV
environments has a unique need for stateless (or reduced-state) load
balancing that other applications don't have? I'm having a hard time
wrapping my head around why that would be the case. Or is the point here
just to highlight NFV as just another use case to consider?


> 2.2.2.  Differential Treatment based on Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)
>    ...
>    These effects and potential alternative solutions have been discussed
>    at the accord BoF [ACCORD] at IETF95.
>
> KR> This section is labeled DPI, but really, the underlying issue is what
> you stated in the first paragraph: different kinds of traffic have
> different QoS needs, yet a network provider can't rely on a voluntary
> signal from an untrusted device to decide on QoS or every packet is simpl=
y
> going to be marked "high importance" and so we're back to treating all
> traffic equivalently. I'd argue against one of the memes I heard at the
> accord BoF, that it's down to latency vs. throughput, by pointing out tha=
t
> some applications (e.g., live video with low hand-wave latency) need both=
.
>
> Even after reading this, I'm still skeptical of the need for any more
> granularity than flow, and using AQM on a per-flow (e.g., 5-tuple) or
> flow-aggregate (some subset of the 5-tuple) to prevent an application or
> user from consuming resources unfairly. What, for instance, prevents a
> carrier from privileging VoIP traffic by looking at endpoints? Would ther=
e
> be a way for someone else to masquerade non-VoIP traffic as VoIP traffic
> given this kind of setup? This is the kind of question that I need answer=
ed
> by this doc.
>
> BW> It might be useful to note in this section that QUIC and H2 both
> combine multiple micro-flows, possibly of different types, within a singl=
e
> encrypted transport-layer flow. They share this with IPsec tunnels and th=
e
> like. IOW, the increased use of encrypted aggregating encapsulation can
> hide even the the most basic representation of a flow from the
> differentiated service element. This same concern applies to load balanci=
ng
> elements discussed in section 2.2.1.
>

Good point: an example of this is sending both Youtube and search responses
over the same QUIC or H2 connection, with no way for the network to
throttle one without throttling the other.

AM> We were asked not to refer to QUIC, for various reasons (e.g., still
> under development).
>
> There will always be areas where network can make the best decision,
> because of the
> information available to the network operators (and the lack of that same
> info at end-points).
>
> When network resources are constrained, only the network can manage
> priorities.
> This has been organized according to applications that can be identified,
> but there
> can be other solutions requiring cooperation between user devices and the
> network
> according to subscription to a special service (QCI above).
>

Got it. Is DPI the right framing for this, or is something more generic
(e.g., "content-aware traffic management") what is really required? E.g.,
the network doesn't necessarily need to know which video you're watching,
only that it is video, and maybe what the available bitrates are and
associated quality.


>    An application-type-aware network edge (middlebox) can further
>    control pacing, limit simultaneous HD videos, or prioritize active
>    videos against new videos, etc.
>
> KR> Observation: This subsection provides the first really compelling
> argument I've seen for exposing flow metadata to the path. On long paths,
> physics gets in the way of tight control feedback loops. If nothing else,
> this should provide motivation for protocol designers and operators to
> break down the characteristics of different kinds of flows, determine whe=
re
> control points are needed in each of them, and figure out how to implemen=
t
> those.
>
> I think there is this conceit among protocol designers that quality
> problems can all be solved at the endpoints without any cooperation from
> path elements; the really killer arguments are examples of where that
> cannot possibly be the case. ECN is a great example of this, and is a
> signal explicitly targeted at middleboxes with opt-in by the endpoints: i=
t
> allows a middlebox to report congestion without dropping packets, which
> produces measurably better QoS for the user.
>
> KM> Ack, thanks.  You're not looking for additional text here, is that
> right?  If so, what are you thinking should be added?
>

No, just an observation that this was one of the more thought-provoking
sections of the doc for me.


>    Alternate approaches such as blind caches [I-D.thomson-http-bc] are
>    being explored to allow caching of encrypted content; however, they
>    still need to intercept the end-to-end transport connection.
>
> KM> [s/need to intercept the end-to-end transport connection/require
> cooperation between the content owners/CDNs and blind caches and fall
> outside the scope of what is covered in this document/
>

SGTM.


> 2.2.6.  Content Compression
>
>    In addition to caching, various applications exist to provide data
>    compression in order to conserve the life of the user's mobile data
>    plan and optimize delivery over the mobile link.  The compression
>    proxy access can be built into a specific user level application,
>    such as a browser, or it can be available to all applications using a
>    system level application.  The primary method is for the mobile
>    application to connect to a centralized server as a proxy, with the
>    data channel between the client application and the server using
>    compression to minimize bandwidth utilization.  The effectiveness of
>    such systems depends on the server having access to unencrypted data
>    flows.
>
> KR> Observation: given the side channels exposed by data compression that
> is blind to content, the inability to compress arbitrary payloads is like=
ly
> to be regarded as a feature of encryption. (Though I recognize this is a
> catalog, not an endorsement.) Furthermore, in most cases eliminating
> compression is still 2-competitive with compression, so I'm not sure it's=
 a
> really compelling use-case.
>
> BW> Per-object content compression might not be a compelling use case
> here. Aggregated data stream content compressions that spans objects and
> data sources is compelling, though. If there is a network element close t=
o
> the receiver that sees all content destined for the receiver and can trea=
t
> it all as part of a unified compression scheme (e.g., through the use of =
a
> shared segment store) will often be much more effective at providing data
> off-load.
>
> KM> Thanks, we'll add this text (modified) to make those helpful points
> clear.
>
> How about:
>     Aggregated data stream content compression that spans objects and dat=
a
> sources that can be treated as part of a unified compression scheme (e.g.=
,
> through the use of a shared segment store) is often effective at providin=
g
> data offload when there is a network element close to the receiver that h=
as
> access to see all the content.
>

Sounds good. This is general enough to cover the case of networks with
limited uplinks wanting to cache content that is conceptually shared (e.g.,
VOD) but delivered independently to end users via individual TLS
connections.


> KR> It might be worth discussing the typical opt-in strategy for these
> things in the presence of TLS, adding a new intercept CA to willing
> clients, which has the downside that it potentially exposes every https
> connection to an active MitM.
>
> BW> +1
>
> KM> OK, we hadn't done that before since the option doesn't change, but
> you make a good point, so I'll add in text.  Thanks.
>
> I added the following:
>
>     This method is also used by other types of network providers enabling
>      traffic inspection, but not modification.</t>
>
>              <t>Content filtering via a proxy can also utilize an
> intercepting
>           certificate where the client's session is terminated at the pro=
xy
>           enabling for cleartext inspection of the traffic.  A new sessio=
n
>           is created from the intercepting device to the client's
>           destination, this is an opt-in strategy for the client. Changes
> to
>           TLSv1.3 do not impact this more invasive method of interception=
,
> where
>           this has the potential to expose every HTTPS session to an acti=
ve
>           man in the middle (MitM). </t>
>

Mostly sounds good. Is there a reason to mention TLS 1.3 specifically here?


> KR> Random comment: especially with respect to government content
> filtering, I'm worried that the IETF's current approach of playing chicke=
n
> with regulators on end-to-end encryption is going to result in
> normalization of intercept CAs, which will be strictly worse than a
> compromise solution in which a subset of traffic can be inspected (but no=
t
> modified) with the user's knowledge and consent (e.g., distinct optics in
> the browser). I wouldn't like either outcome, frankly, but it would be ni=
ce
> if we had a game plan for what to do for user privacy if intercept CAs
> become a requirement for using the web in large parts of the world
> (something we might be one "crisis" away from), and an honest evaluation =
of
> the alternatives. Fundamentally, I don't like it when discussion gets shu=
t
> down because people want to bury their heads in the sand in the name of
> ideology.</rant>
>
> BW> +1. I also note that this concern applies to some of the other
> performance related use cases too.
>
> KM> I think the real argument here is a control one between the
> application and management folks and not security/privacy even though
> that's what is often discussed.  This is all about control.
>

Right, but the core issue being addressed by this document is that measures
intended for reasons of privacy and security (encryption) are impacting
something over which there is much less consensus (content-aware flow
management and path intelligence). I'm not proposing any language here,
only pontificating that the purity approach might backfire, and I'm not
sure we have a backup plan.


>    In addition, mobile network operator often sell tariffs that allow
>    free-data access to certain sites, known as 'zero rating'.  A session
>    to visit such a site incurs no additional cost or data usage to the
>    user.  This feature is impacted if encryption hides the details of
>    the content domain from the network.
>
> KR> There's the related issue that zero-rating by-implementation typicall=
y
> applies only to direct connections to a particular endpoint (e.g., by IP)=
:
> if a user accidentally tunnels traffic from Spotify through a corporate
> VPN, that traffic won't be zero-rated, encrypted tunnel or not. (This goe=
s
> back to the taxonomy of metadata layers comment I made near the top.)
> Carriers aren't going to trust e.g., a Host header for zero-rating, becau=
se
> that provides a simple way to tunnel traffic for free: consequently,
> determination of zero-rating will always involve some hard-to-impersonate
> credential, like an IP address or server certificate in the public trust
> web.
>
> KM> Not sure what to add here, any ideas, AL?
>

I think the only change I'd make here is to change "content domain" to
"content origin", because domain implies hostname where the origin is often
an IP.


>    When RTSP stream content is encrypted, the 5-tuple information within
>    the payload is not visible to these ALG implementations, and
>    therefore they cannot provision their associated middelboxes with
>    that information.
>
> KR> I would argue that this is a protocol design issue. This was
> originally a problem with firewalls and NATs, with content inspection as =
a
> hack to work around the protocol/network impedance mismatch. I'm not the
> only one who would argue the right solution today is to design protocols =
to
> not require linkage across connections by middleboxes that do basic
> filtering.
>
> KM> I think we are in agreement here for solution direction, but the
> document specificly tries to avoid solutions.  This example has been rais=
ed
> in the IESG by Warren and the apps side hadn't considered his view of it
> previously.  It would be good for protocols to have these considerations =
in
> their designs, they were mostly thinking it didn't matter and were
> end-to-end.  But poor video streaming sessions are an issue.  Not sure we
> should add any text here???
>

This was just another random observation.


>    Data center operators may also maintain packet recordings in order to
>    be able to investigate attacks, breach of internal processes, etc.
>    In some industries, organizations may be legally required to maintain
>    such information for compliance purposes.  Investigations of this
>
> KR> I think you'll get a "[citation needed]" from folks on the TLS mailin=
g
> list.
>
> KM> I suspect this is one you have that recorded text, you have to
> maintain it for chain of custody with investigation handling.  I'll have =
to
> figure out if there is anything that would require the capture, I suspect
> not, but could be wrong.
>

Just making the point that this has been contended several times on various
mailing lists and at meetings, so it would be nice to get the oft-cited
cases documented somewhere as an informational reference.

   There are use cases where DAR or disk-level
>    encryption is required.  Examples include preventing exposure of data
>    if physical disks are stolen or lost.
>
> KR> I don't see these last two sentences are relevant, as they have
> nothing to do with the network flows.
>
> KM> I'm happy to remove.  DO they help a reader who is not familiar with
> the technology to understand the layers of encryption used at all or is i=
t
> better to remove the sentence?
>

I'm not sure. I'm actually a bit confused about this section in general. It
seems to be discussing monitoring of data during transport to/from the
storage cluster in the same paragraph as encryption of data at rest, but
I'm not sure what point it's trying to make. Is it that operators have a
threat model that doesn't include the network connection between the
storage cluster and the client, but which does include exfiltration of the
disks in the cluster?


>    Security monitoring in the enterprise may also be performed at the
>    endpoint with numerous current solutions that mitigate the same
>    problems as some of the above mentioned solutions.  Since the
>    software agents operate on the device, they are able to monitor
>    traffic before it is encrypted, monitor for behavior changes, and
>    lock down devices to use only the expected set of applications.
>    Session encryption does not affect these solutions.  Some might argue
>    that scaling is an issue in the enterprise, but some large
>    enterprises have used these tools effectively.
>
> KR> This is another example of mixing proposed solutions in among the
> problem statement. I would argue for a clear separation, which may mean
> that this document needs to have a single-minded focus on "here are the
> problems and here's how enterprises currently address them."
>
> BW> Also, enterprises increasingly allow BYOD programs for their
> employees, and such programs make it more difficult to ensure that adequa=
te
> endpoint-based defenses are active. This is especially true when the area
> of risk in question is the above #5 "track misuse and abuse by employees"=
.
> Note too that endpoint-based defenses can be less effective when the devi=
ce
> is already compromised, in which case detection of the compromised device
> and effective remediation can be made more effective through the addition=
al
> use of an on-path element.
>
> KM> [made some subsequent edits to this section]
>

LGTM.

5.7.  Further work
>
>    Although incident response work will continue, new methods to prevent
>    system compromise through security automation and continuous
>    monitoring [SACM] may provide alternate approaches where system
>    security is maintained as a preventative measure.
>
> KR> Not clear how the unknowns relate to the purpose of this document.
> Being sarcastic for a minute, I'm interpreting this as "Any cleartext
> metadata just *might* be used in the future for some kind of enterprise
> security monitoring!"
>
> KM> Hmm, it's meant to say endpoints (which you control) should be used
> and technology like what is expected out of SACM will help with automatin=
g
> this.  We are open to text suggestions.
>

Yeah, I think I must have misread it the first time, because I get only
your meaning now.

Kyle

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><div class=3D"gmail_quote">I wo=
uld put each of my comments in the etherpad into one of three buckets: obse=
rvations and commentary, minor points and clarifications, and points that I=
 think require more discussion. I&#39;m only really going to address the la=
st bucket: the others I raised but don&#39;t feel particularly strongly abo=
ut, at least at this late stage in the document&#39;s life.<br></div><div c=
lass=3D"gmail_quote"><br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:=
0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">=
<div dir=3D"ltr">=C2=A0=C2=A0 (section 3.2 of [RFC7525]), essentially preve=
nting the negotiation<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 process resulting in fallback to the =
use of clear text.=C2=A0 In other<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 cases, some service provi=
ders have relied on middle boxes having<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 access to clear tex=
t for the purposes of load balancing, monitoring<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 for attack=
 traffic, meeting regulatory requirements, or for other<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 pur=
poses.=C2=A0 These middle box implementations, whether performing<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 functions considered legitimate by the IETF or not, have been<br>=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 impacted by increases in encrypted traffic.=C2=A0 Only methods ke=
eping<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 with the goal of balancing network management and PM =
mitigation in<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 [RFC7258] should be considered in solution wo=
rk resulting from this<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 document.<br><br>KR&gt; I feel like =
this section could be better organized by:<br>=C2=A0* Moving the examples t=
o 1.1 as a bulleted list of sample situations in which network operators at=
tempted to and/or succeeded in defeating encryption to preserve existing op=
erational mechanisms, or in which performance suffered for users (whether o=
f the encrypted flows or of other flows impacted by encrypted flows).<br><b=
r>KM&gt; Interesting point, but we&#39;d need more examples.=C2=A0 I&#39;ll=
 think about this more and chat with Al in case he has ideas.=C2=A0 For now=
, I went with Brandon&#39;s easier suggestion, but moving to this would be =
nice for the document readers.<br><br>AM&gt; Although I see how these examp=
les could be part of the background, I think those who will<br>eventually r=
emove their objections will prefer the reduced emphasis on these examples w=
here<br>they are (in section 2). In one view, the entire memo is background=
, since nothing new is proposed.<br><br>KR&gt;<br>=C2=A0* Using this sectio=
n as an introduction to the methodology for cataloging operational mechanis=
ms depending on cleartext traffic monitoring, with the various caveats on w=
hat will be considered (e.g., only mechanisms required heretofore for opera=
bility), and for describing the approach to seeking mitigations and/or subs=
titutions.<br><br>KM&gt; Hmm, interesting point.=C2=A0 I&#39;ll have to thi=
nk about this more as it could be alot of work at this stage.<br><br>AM&gt;=
 Unfortunately, we&#39;ve already implemented many AD-level suggestions on =
the organization of Section 2.<br>We&#39;re at the stage of *what can every=
body live with&quot;, and re-re-re-org falls out now, IMO.<br></div></block=
quote><div><br></div><div>This is a reasonable objection, but I am mostly c=
oncerned about satisfying the target audience. ISTM that audience is someth=
ing like &quot;IETF participants who are skeptical about, or ignorant of, t=
he operational difficulties posed by widespread encryption of flows&quot;. =
If the document meets your goals as-is, then further refinement is unnecess=
ary. Does it? Or is it impossible to know at this point?<br></div><div>=C2=
=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8e=
x;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr"=
>AM&gt; Also, the neutral exposition that we&#39;ve been asked to provide a=
 million times actually<br>comes from multiple perspectives expressed in co=
ntributions that we would combine<br>in a balanced way, without value judge=
ments (no good or bad).<br>Where we lack balance, we lack specific contribu=
tions.<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>&quot;Neutral&quot; meanin=
g &quot;without advocacy&quot;? It&#39;s a fine line. The document still ha=
s a thesis, which (if I am reading it correctly) is to inform the community=
 of current operational practices that are encumbered in some way by encryp=
tion. To wit, q( It provides network operators&#39; perspectives about the =
motivations and objectives of those practices as well as effects anticipate=
d by operators as use of encryption increases. ) Without that thesis, which=
 some might interpret as advocacy, it&#39;s not clear the document would ha=
ve enough focus to be useful. I&#39;d like folks to see this doc as *at wor=
st* devil&#39;s advocacy, and preferably as a challenge to come up with bet=
ter arguments and to find alternative methods for dealing with network mana=
gement problems.<br></div>=C2=A0<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"=
margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-lef=
t:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">=C2=A0=C2=A0 heuristics grows, and accuracy suffers=
.=C2=A0 For example, the traffic<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 patterns between server an=
d browser are dependent on browser supplier<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 and version, ev=
en when the sessions use the same server application<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 (e.g.,=
 web e-mail access).=C2=A0 It remains to be seen whether more<br>=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 complex inferences can be mastered to produce the same monitoring<br>=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 accuracy.<br><br>KR&gt; This might be too formal of an approac=
h for this doc, but it might be possible to construct a taxonomy of layers =
of metadata made unavailable by encryption at each layer to show the comple=
teness/comprehensiveness of the survey. So, for instance:<br>=C2=A0* Protoc=
ol and port number are still available as a way of characterizing traffic o=
ver the public internet even if the payload is encrypted, but this informat=
ion is lost if (e.g.) the traffic is traversing an IPsec tunnel or if radic=
ally different kinds of traffic all use port 443/tcp without any other way =
to distinguish between them.<br>=C2=A0* TCP is open to optimization/measure=
ment even if using TLS, except when tunneled encrypted: congestion signals =
(like rexmits) previously transparent to the middlebox, for instance, are t=
hen lost.<br>=C2=A0* Encrypting the payload defeats attempts to survey traf=
fic by user agent (if there&#39;s no other way to distinguish, e.g., by fin=
gerprinting).<br><br>KM&gt; I think this would be a really helpful follow o=
n document.=C2=A0 I&#39;d be willing to work on it if you&#39;re game.=C2=
=A0 I&#39;ve been thining about something similar, specific to TLS, but sho=
uld be broadened.<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I&#39;m afraid =
this topic might be more of a research project than it initially appears, b=
ut it&#39;s probably a reasonable exercise to see what we can produce for a=
 plaintext protocol vs. that same protocol over TLS. Ping me.<br></div><div=
>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px =
0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"=
ltr">=C2=A0=C2=A0 It is important to note that the push for encryption by a=
pplication<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 providers has been motivated by the application =
of the described<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 techniques.=C2=A0 Some application provide=
rs have noted degraded<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 performance and/or user experience w=
hen network-based optimization or<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 enhancement of their traf=
fic has occurred, and such cases may result<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 in additional o=
perator troubleshooting, as well.<br><br>KR&gt; Observation: additionally, =
I think you&#39;ll encounter the argument that the responsibility for diagn=
osing bad interactions between applications and networks falls on the appli=
cation owner rather than the network operator. Basically, I feel like the d=
esire among protocol designers is for operators to provide a pipe with cert=
ain key characteristics that interact well with established transport proto=
col mechanisms, and otherwise to leave the traffic alone and let the applic=
ation developers do what they want to within the expected constraints. If t=
hat&#39;s infeasible (e.g., in edge cases, or with respect to new technolog=
ies that interact badly with existing transports, such as the loss=3Dconges=
tion assumption of TCP that interacts badly with wifi), that&#39;s precisel=
y the case needs to be made by this document.<br><br>KM&gt; We have encount=
ered this argument already.=C2=A0 It&#39;s a tough one as SPs have the SLAs=
 with customers, so they are the first call.=C2=A0 Many don&#39;t know how =
to get in touch with APP providers.=C2=A0 I understand the application deve=
lopers perspecive, but also see that there has to be some ability to troubl=
eshoot.=C2=A0 Sure, providers could wrap the protocols for transport to pro=
vide some way of measuring, but information is lost.=C2=A0 IPv6 with flow i=
dentifiers is another way to do it, but you might not be able to prioritize=
 a call or protocol that has little tolerance for delay over one that does =
for instance.=C2=A0 And I realize that app providers just want all traffic =
to have the same priority, but emergency calls are important.<br><br>BW&gt;=
 I think the point made by the document is correct though: operators are ne=
arly always the first call, not the application provider.<br><br>KM&gt; We =
were asked to remove text that said that.=C2=A0 I agree that it is the case=
 as the providers have the SLAs and you don&#39;t typlically have a number =
for App providers.<br><br>BW&gt; The operators are looking for ways to demo=
nstrate that they did not cause the problem (or determine that they did) fo=
r efficient hand-off to the correct party for resolution. There are certain=
ly problems an approach that changes the behavior of the protocol, but it&#=
39;s difficult to argue with the diagnostic need.<br><br>AM&gt; Using Netfl=
ix as an example, the first source of problem they mention is the network w=
hen<br>addressing the question &quot;Why doesn&#39;t Netflix work?&quot;:<b=
r>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 &quot;If Netflix isn=E2=80=99t working, you may be exp=
eriencing a network connectivity issue, an issue with your device, or an is=
sue with your Netflix app or account.&quot;<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 from <a h=
ref=3D"https://help.netflix.com/en/node/461?ui_action=3Dkb-article-popular-=
categories" target=3D"_blank">https://help.netflix.com/en/<wbr>node/461?ui_=
action=3Dkb-article-<wbr>popular-categories</a><br>They previously had even=
 stronger wording, something like &quot;First, make sure your network conne=
ction meets the Netflix requirements ... URL&quot;<br>One of the causes of =
re-buffering are CDN-related pauses when accessing the next segment:=C2=A0 =
completely hidden from users so far.<br>Additional frequent cause: the unli=
censed WiFi network owned and operated by the customer.<br><br>Another way =
to look at this strategy: App providers are transferring as much overhead c=
ost to the network operators as possible<br>(troubleshooting customer probl=
ems is expensive - rolling a truck negates months of revenue), while preser=
ving as<br>much value/control/revenue as they can for themselves. The greed=
-thingy plays poorly over time.<br>A user-focused strategy would be to form=
 partnerships for troubleshooting of shared customers, but that might resul=
t in exposing<br>the real causes and some would rather hide for now, it see=
ms.<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I agree with all the points y=
ou&#39;ve made. How do we square reality (users blame network operators) wi=
th the current approach to protocol design at the IETF (keep the network du=
mb)? I feel like creating a conversation about this apparent cognitive diss=
onance will be one of the most important outcomes of publishing this docume=
nt.</div><div><br></div><div>I have no doubt the conflict will resolve itse=
lf somehow: CDNs, for instance, act as an intelligent overlay over dumb net=
works and can therefore provide the most consistent user experience when de=
eply deployed into carrier networks the structure of which they have intima=
te knowledge. Is the right solution to continue to effectively delegate thi=
s responsibility by encouraging breaking of connections at the edge, or sho=
uld the IETF be trying to optimize the end-to-end performance of its protoc=
ols on the public internet?</div><div><br></div><div>Anyway, I digress. Thi=
s isn&#39;t a conversation I&#39;m proposing you have in this document; jus=
t that the doc should raise these kinds of questions in the reader.<br></di=
v><div> <br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px=
 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div di=
r=3D"ltr">=C2=A0=C2=A0 packet is able to provide stateless load balancing.=
=C2=A0 This ability<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 confers great reliability and scaleabil=
ity advantages even if the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 flow remains in a single POP, be=
cause the load balancing system is<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 not required to keep sta=
te of each flow.=C2=A0 Even more importantly,<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 there&#39;s n=
o requirement to continuously synchronize such state among<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
the pool of load balancers.<br><br>KR&gt; An important point is that an int=
egrated load balancer repurposing limited existing bits in transport flow s=
tate must maintain and synchronize per-flow state occasionally: using the s=
equence number as a cookie only works for so long given that there aren&#39=
;t that many bits available to divide across a pool of machines.<br><br>KM&=
gt; I added in this point, but have to check back on flow of text.<br></div=
></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I checked the wording in -14.I&#39;m goin=
g to propose slightly different language:<br></div><div><br></div><div>q( T=
his ability<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 confers great reliability and scalability advan=
tages even if the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 flow remains in a single POP, because the=
 load balancing system is<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 not required to keep state of eac=
h flow. There is value even when the</div><div>=C2=A0=C2=A0 repurposed bits=
 are strictly insufficient for encoding all state: an integrated load balan=
cer repurposing<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 limited existing bits in transport flow sta=
te must still maintain and<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 synchronize per-flow state occas=
ionally (using the sequence number as<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 a cookie only works f=
or so long given that there aren&#39;t that many<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 bits avail=
able to divide across a pool of machines), but there is no longer</div><div=
>=C2=A0=C2=A0 a requirement for such synchronization to be continuous or in=
stantaneous. )</div><div><br></div><div></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_qu=
ote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,20=
4);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">KR&gt; A dedicated mechanism for stor=
ing load balancer state, such as QUIC&#39;s proposed connection ID, is stri=
ctly better from the load balancer&#39;s point of view, and is probably eve=
n better from a privacy perspective than bolting it on to an unrelated tran=
sport signal because it can be tightly controlled by one of the endpoints a=
nd rotated to avoid roving client linkability: in other words, being a spec=
ific, separate signal, it can be governed in a way that is finely targeted =
at that specific use-case. (I&#39;m thinking the advantages of separate mec=
hanisms belongs in a different part of the doc; this section is more like t=
he problem statement than the solution statement.)<br><br>KM&gt; This (abov=
e) needs to be reworded to be neutral and this does go towards solution spa=
ce, which we were trying to avoid. How about:<br><br>Another possibility is=
 a dedicated mechanism for storing load balancer state, such as QUIC&#39;s =
proposed connection ID to provide visibility to the load balancer.=C2=A0 An=
 identifier could be used for tracking purposes, but this may provide an op=
tion that is an improvement from=C2=A0 bolting it on to an unrelated transp=
ort signal. This method allows for tight control by one of the endpoints an=
d can be rotated to avoid roving client linkability: in other words, being =
a specific, separate signal, it can be governed in a way that is finely tar=
geted at that specific use-case.<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>=
SGTM. Maybe s/improvement from bolting it on to/improvement compared to co-=
opting/.<br></div><div> <br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=
=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding=
-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">=C2=A0=C2=A0 In future Network Function Virtual=
ization (NFV) architectures, load<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 balancing functions are l=
ikely to be more prevalent (deployed at<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 locations throughou=
t operators&#39; networks)[.=C2=A0 NFV environments will<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 re=
quire some type of identifier (IPv6 flow identifiers, the Proposed<br>=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 QUIC connection ID, etc.) for managing]<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 tra=
ffic using encrypted tunnels.[=C2=A0 The shift to increased encryption<br>=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 will have an impact to visibility of flow information and will=
 require<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 adjustments to perform similar load balancing func=
tions within an NFV.]<br><br>KR&gt; I&#39;m not sure what architecture this=
 paragraph is discussing: are you talking about encrypted tunnels between N=
FV nodes? Is this something obvious to people involved in NFV? A diagram (o=
r informational reference) would be helpeful to me here.<br><br>KM&gt; I se=
e your point, the langauage here could be more clear. Do the above adjustme=
nts (ed: in []) help?<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I am still =
a little confused. Is the idea that load balancing in NFV environments has =
a unique need for stateless (or reduced-state) load balancing that other ap=
plications don&#39;t have? I&#39;m having a hard time wrapping my head arou=
nd why that would be the case. Or is the point here just to highlight NFV a=
s just another use case to consider?<br></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote =
class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px sol=
id rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">2.2.2.=C2=A0 Differe=
ntial Treatment based on Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 ...<b=
r>=C2=A0=C2=A0 These effects and potential alternative solutions have been =
discussed<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 at the accord BoF [ACCORD] at IETF95.<br><br>KR&g=
t; This section is labeled DPI, but really, the underlying issue is what yo=
u stated in the first paragraph: different kinds of traffic have different =
QoS needs, yet a network provider can&#39;t rely on a voluntary signal from=
 an untrusted device to decide on QoS or every packet is simply going to be=
 marked &quot;high importance&quot; and so we&#39;re back to treating all t=
raffic equivalently. I&#39;d argue against one of the memes I heard at the =
accord BoF, that it&#39;s down to latency vs. throughput, by pointing out t=
hat some applications (e.g., live video with low hand-wave latency) need bo=
th.<br><br>Even after reading this, I&#39;m still skeptical of the need for=
 any more granularity than flow, and using AQM on a per-flow (e.g., 5-tuple=
) or flow-aggregate (some subset of the 5-tuple) to prevent an application =
or user from consuming resources unfairly. What, for instance, prevents a c=
arrier from privileging VoIP traffic by looking at endpoints? Would there b=
e a way for someone else to masquerade non-VoIP traffic as VoIP traffic giv=
en this kind of setup? This is the kind of question that I need answered by=
 this doc.<br><br>BW&gt; It might be useful to note in this section that QU=
IC and H2 both combine multiple micro-flows, possibly of different types, w=
ithin a single encrypted transport-layer flow. They share this with IPsec t=
unnels and the like. IOW, the increased use of encrypted aggregating encaps=
ulation can hide even the the most basic representation of a flow from the =
differentiated service element. This same concern applies to load balancing=
 elements discussed in section 2.2.1.<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div>=
<div>Good point: an example of this is sending both Youtube and search resp=
onses over the same QUIC or H2 connection, with no way for the network to t=
hrottle one without throttling the other.<br></div><div><br></div><blockquo=
te class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px =
solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">AM&gt; We were as=
ked not to refer to QUIC, for various reasons (e.g., still under developmen=
t).<br><br>There will always be areas where network can make the best decis=
ion, because of the<br>information available to the network operators (and =
the lack of that same info at end-points).<br><br>When network resources ar=
e constrained, only the network can manage priorities.<br>This has been org=
anized according to applications that can be identified, but there<br>can b=
e other solutions requiring cooperation between user devices and the networ=
k<br>according to subscription to a special service (QCI above).<br></div><=
/blockquote><div><br></div><div>Got it. Is DPI the right framing for this, =
or is something more generic (e.g., &quot;content-aware traffic management&=
quot;) what is really required? E.g., the network doesn&#39;t necessarily n=
eed to know which video you&#39;re watching, only that it is video, and may=
be what the available bitrates are and associated quality.<br></div><div>=
=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0=
.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"l=
tr">=C2=A0=C2=A0 An application-type-aware network edge (middlebox) can fur=
ther<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 control pacing, limit simultaneous HD videos, or prior=
itize active<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 videos against new videos, etc.<br><br>KR&gt; =
Observation: This subsection provides the first really compelling argument =
I&#39;ve seen for exposing flow metadata to the path. On long paths, physic=
s gets in the way of tight control feedback loops. If nothing else, this sh=
ould provide motivation for protocol designers and operators to break down =
the characteristics of different kinds of flows, determine where control po=
ints are needed in each of them, and figure out how to implement those.<br>=
<br>I think there is this conceit among protocol designers that quality pro=
blems can all be solved at the endpoints without any cooperation from path =
elements; the really killer arguments are examples of where that cannot pos=
sibly be the case. ECN is a great example of this, and is a signal explicit=
ly targeted at middleboxes with opt-in by the endpoints: it allows a middle=
box to report congestion without dropping packets, which produces measurabl=
y better QoS for the user.<br><br>KM&gt; Ack, thanks.=C2=A0 You&#39;re not =
looking for additional text here, is that right?=C2=A0 If so, what are you =
thinking should be added?<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>No, jus=
t an observation that this was one of the more thought-provoking sections o=
f the doc for me.<br></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quot=
e" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204)=
;padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">=C2=A0=C2=A0 Alternate approaches such =
as blind caches [I-D.thomson-http-bc] are<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 being explored to=
 allow caching of encrypted content; however, they<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 still ne=
ed to intercept the end-to-end transport connection.<br><br>KM&gt; [s/need =
to intercept the end-to-end transport connection/require cooperation betwee=
n the content owners/CDNs and blind caches and fall outside the scope of wh=
at is covered in this document/<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>S=
GTM.<br></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"m=
argin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left=
:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">2.2.6.=C2=A0 Content Compression<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=
 In addition to caching, various applications exist to provide data<br>=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 compression in order to conserve the life of the user&#39;s mobil=
e data<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 plan and optimize delivery over the mobile link.=C2=
=A0 The compression<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 proxy access can be built into a specif=
ic user level application,<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 such as a browser, or it can be =
available to all applications using a<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 system level applicat=
ion.=C2=A0 The primary method is for the mobile<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 application=
 to connect to a centralized server as a proxy, with the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 da=
ta channel between the client application and the server using<br>=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 compression to minimize bandwidth utilization.=C2=A0 The effectiveness =
of<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 such systems depends on the server having access to unen=
crypted data<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 flows.<br><br>KR&gt; Observation: given the si=
de channels exposed by data compression that is blind to content, the inabi=
lity to compress arbitrary payloads is likely to be regarded as a feature o=
f encryption. (Though I recognize this is a catalog, not an endorsement.) F=
urthermore, in most cases eliminating compression is still 2-competitive wi=
th compression, so I&#39;m not sure it&#39;s a really compelling use-case.<=
br><br>BW&gt; Per-object content compression might not be a compelling use =
case here. Aggregated data stream content compressions that spans objects a=
nd data sources is compelling, though. If there is a network element close =
to the receiver that sees all content destined for the receiver and can tre=
at it all as part of a unified compression scheme (e.g., through the use of=
 a shared segment store) will often be much more effective at providing dat=
a off-load.<br><br>KM&gt; Thanks, we&#39;ll add this text (modified) to mak=
e those helpful points clear.<br><br>How about:<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Aggre=
gated data stream content compression that spans objects and data sources t=
hat can be treated as part of a unified compression scheme (e.g., through t=
he use of a shared segment store) is often effective at providing data offl=
oad when there is a network element close to the receiver that has access t=
o see all the content.<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Sounds goo=
d. This is general enough to cover the case of networks with limited uplink=
s wanting to cache content that is conceptually shared (e.g., VOD) but deli=
vered independently to end users via individual TLS connections.<br></div><=
div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0=
px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=
=3D"ltr">KR&gt; It might be worth discussing the typical opt-in strategy fo=
r these things in the presence of TLS, adding a new intercept CA to willing=
 clients, which has the downside that it potentially exposes every https co=
nnection to an active MitM.<br><br>BW&gt; +1<br><br>KM&gt; OK, we hadn&#39;=
t done that before since the option doesn&#39;t change, but you make a good=
 point, so I&#39;ll add in text.=C2=A0 Thanks.<br><br>I added the following=
:<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 This method is also used by other types of netw=
ork providers enabling<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 traffic inspection, but =
not modification.&lt;/t&gt;<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 &lt;t&gt;Content filtering via a proxy ca=
n also utilize an intercepting<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 certificate where the client&#39;s session is terminated at=
 the proxy<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 enabli=
ng for cleartext inspection of the traffic.=C2=A0 A new session<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 is created from the interc=
epting device to the client&#39;s<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 destination, this is an opt-in strategy for the client. =
Changes to<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 TLSv1.=
3 do not impact this more invasive method of interception, where<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 this has the potential to =
expose every HTTPS session to an active<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 man in the middle (MitM). &lt;/t&gt;<br></div></bl=
ockquote><div><br></div><div>Mostly sounds good. Is there a reason to menti=
on TLS 1.3 specifically here?<br></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=
=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rg=
b(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">KR&gt; Random comment: es=
pecially with respect to government content filtering, I&#39;m worried that=
 the IETF&#39;s current approach of playing chicken with regulators on end-=
to-end encryption is going to result in normalization of intercept CAs, whi=
ch will be strictly worse than a compromise solution in which a subset of t=
raffic can be inspected (but not modified) with the user&#39;s knowledge an=
d consent (e.g., distinct optics in the browser). I wouldn&#39;t like eithe=
r outcome, frankly, but it would be nice if we had a game plan for what to =
do for user privacy if intercept CAs become a requirement for using the web=
 in large parts of the world (something we might be one &quot;crisis&quot; =
away from), and an honest evaluation of the alternatives. Fundamentally, I =
don&#39;t like it when discussion gets shut down because people want to bur=
y their heads in the sand in the name of ideology.&lt;/rant&gt;<br><br>BW&g=
t; +1. I also note that this concern applies to some of the other performan=
ce related use cases too.<br><br>KM&gt; I think the real argument here is a=
 control one between the application and management folks and not security/=
privacy even though that&#39;s what is often discussed.=C2=A0 This is all a=
bout control.<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Right, but the core=
 issue being addressed by this document is that measures intended for reaso=
ns of privacy and security (encryption) are impacting something over which =
there is much less consensus (content-aware flow management and path intell=
igence). I&#39;m not proposing any language here, only pontificating that t=
he purity approach might backfire, and I&#39;m not sure we have a backup pl=
an.<br></div>=C2=A0<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0p=
x 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><d=
iv dir=3D"ltr">=C2=A0=C2=A0 In addition, mobile network operator often sell=
 tariffs that allow<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 free-data access to certain sites, know=
n as &#39;zero rating&#39;.=C2=A0 A session<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 to visit such a=
 site incurs no additional cost or data usage to the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 user.=
=C2=A0 This feature is impacted if encryption hides the details of<br>=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 the content domain from the network.<br><br>KR&gt; There&#39;s th=
e related issue that zero-rating by-implementation typically applies only t=
o direct connections to a particular endpoint (e.g., by IP): if a user acci=
dentally tunnels traffic from Spotify through a corporate VPN, that traffic=
 won&#39;t be zero-rated, encrypted tunnel or not. (This goes back to the t=
axonomy of metadata layers comment I made near the top.) Carriers aren&#39;=
t going to trust e.g., a Host header for zero-rating, because that provides=
 a simple way to tunnel traffic for free: consequently, determination of ze=
ro-rating will always involve some hard-to-impersonate credential, like an =
IP address or server certificate in the public trust web.<br><br>KM&gt; Not=
 sure what to add here, any ideas, AL?<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div=
><div>I think the only change I&#39;d make here is to change &quot;content =
domain&quot; to &quot;content origin&quot;, because domain implies hostname=
 where the origin is often an IP.<br></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote cla=
ss=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid =
rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">=C2=A0=C2=A0 When RTSP =
stream content is encrypted, the 5-tuple information within<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0=
 the payload is not visible to these ALG implementations, and<br>=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 therefore they cannot provision their associated middelboxes with<br>=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 that information.<br><br>KR&gt; I would argue that this is a p=
rotocol design issue. This was originally a problem with firewalls and NATs=
, with content inspection as a hack to work around the protocol/network imp=
edance mismatch. I&#39;m not the only one who would argue the right solutio=
n today is to design protocols to not require linkage across connections by=
 middleboxes that do basic filtering.<br><br>KM&gt; I think we are in agree=
ment here for solution direction, but the document specificly tries to avoi=
d solutions.=C2=A0 This example has been raised in the IESG by Warren and t=
he apps side hadn&#39;t considered his view of it previously.=C2=A0 It woul=
d be good for protocols to have these considerations in their designs, they=
 were mostly thinking it didn&#39;t matter and were end-to-end.=C2=A0 But p=
oor video streaming sessions are an issue.=C2=A0 Not sure we should add any=
 text here???<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>This was just anoth=
er random observation.<br></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"gmail=
_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204=
,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">=C2=A0=C2=A0 Data center operators=
 may also maintain packet recordings in order to<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 be able to=
 investigate attacks, breach of internal processes, etc.<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 In=
 some industries, organizations may be legally required to maintain<br>=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 such information for compliance purposes.=C2=A0 Investigations of=
 this<br><br>KR&gt; I think you&#39;ll get a &quot;[citation needed]&quot; =
from folks on the TLS mailing list.<br><br>KM&gt; I suspect this is one you=
 have that recorded text, you have to maintain it for chain of custody with=
 investigation handling.=C2=A0 I&#39;ll have to figure out if there is anyt=
hing that would require the capture, I suspect not, but could be wrong.<br>=
</div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Just making the point that this has =
been contended several times on various mailing lists and at meetings, so i=
t would be nice to get the oft-cited cases documented somewhere as an infor=
mational reference.<br></div><div> <br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quo=
te" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204=
);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">=C2=A0=C2=A0 There are use cases where=
 DAR or disk-level<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 encryption is required.=C2=A0 Examples i=
nclude preventing exposure of data<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 if physical disks are st=
olen or lost.<br><br>KR&gt; I don&#39;t see these last two sentences are re=
levant, as they have nothing to do with the network flows.<br><br>KM&gt; I&=
#39;m happy to remove.=C2=A0 DO they help a reader who is not familiar with=
 the technology to understand the layers of encryption used at all or is it=
 better to remove the sentence?<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I=
&#39;m not sure. I&#39;m actually a bit confused about this section in gene=
ral. It seems to be discussing monitoring of data during transport to/from =
the storage cluster in the same paragraph as encryption of data at rest, bu=
t I&#39;m not sure what point it&#39;s trying to make. Is it that operators=
 have a threat model that doesn&#39;t include the network connection betwee=
n the storage cluster and the client, but which does include exfiltration o=
f the disks in the cluster?<br></div><div>=C2=A0</div><blockquote class=3D"=
gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(20=
4,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">=C2=A0=C2=A0 Security monitor=
ing in the enterprise may also be performed at the<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 endpoint=
 with numerous current solutions that mitigate the same<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 pro=
blems as some of the above mentioned solutions.=C2=A0 Since the<br>=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 software agents operate on the device, they are able to monitor<br>=
=C2=A0=C2=A0 traffic before it is encrypted, monitor for behavior changes, =
and<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 lock down devices to use only the expected set of appli=
cations.<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Session encryption does not affect these solutions=
.=C2=A0 Some might argue<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 that scaling is an issue in the en=
terprise, but some large<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 enterprises have used these tools =
effectively.<br><br>KR&gt; This is another example of mixing proposed solut=
ions in among the problem statement. I would argue for a clear separation, =
which may mean that this document needs to have a single-minded focus on &q=
uot;here are the problems and here&#39;s how enterprises currently address =
them.&quot;<br><br>BW&gt; Also, enterprises increasingly allow BYOD program=
s for their employees, and such programs make it more difficult to ensure t=
hat adequate endpoint-based defenses are active. This is especially true wh=
en the area of risk in question is the above #5 &quot;track misuse and abus=
e by employees&quot;. Note too that endpoint-based defenses can be less eff=
ective when the device is already compromised, in which case detection of t=
he compromised device and effective remediation can be made more effective =
through the additional use of an on-path element.<br><br>KM&gt; [made some =
subsequent edits to this section]<br></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div=
>LGTM.</div><br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0=
px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir=
=3D"ltr">5.7.=C2=A0 Further work<br><br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Although incident resp=
onse work will continue, new methods to prevent<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 system comp=
romise through security automation and continuous<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 monitorin=
g [SACM] may provide alternate approaches where system<br>=C2=A0=C2=A0 secu=
rity is maintained as a preventative measure.<br><br>KR&gt; Not clear how t=
he unknowns relate to the purpose of this document. Being sarcastic for a m=
inute, I&#39;m interpreting this as &quot;Any cleartext metadata just *migh=
t* be used in the future for some kind of enterprise security monitoring!&q=
uot;<br><br>KM&gt; Hmm, it&#39;s meant to say endpoints (which you control)=
 should be used and technology like what is expected out of SACM will help =
with automating this.=C2=A0 We are open to text suggestions.<br></div></blo=
ckquote><div><br></div><div>Yeah, I think I must have misread it the first =
time, because I get only your meaning now.</div><div><br></div><div>Kyle<br=
></div></div></div></div>

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From: Joe Clarke <jclarke@cisco.com>
To: "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
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Subject: [OPSAWG] CLOSED: WG LC: Calling for comments on draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang
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The WG LC on this draft has closed.  Based on comments from directorates
as well as previous comments on the list, we are ready to call consensus
on this work.

No IPR has been disclosed, and all authors have reported there is no
known IPR.  The outstanding issue is that we need a shepherd for this
document.  If you are interested, please let the chairs know.

Joe

On 12/19/17 18:11, Joe Clarke wrote:
> Hello, opsawg.  As discussed in Singapore, we are starting a WG LC on
> draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang (currently at version -09).  This document
> has received a number of reviews and comments already.  We will hold a
> four week WG LC for this to allow for the upcoming holiday.
> 
> The WG LC will close on January 9, 2017.
> 
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang/
> 
> Joe
> 
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
> 


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Subject: [OPSAWG] =?utf-8?q?RFC_8309_on_Service_Models_Explained?=
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A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.

        
        RFC 8309

        Title:      Service Models Explained 
        Author:     Q. Wu, 
                    W. Liu,
                    A. Farrel
        Status:     Informational
        Stream:     IETF
        Date:       January 2018
        Mailbox:    bill.wu@huawei.com, 
                    liushucheng@huawei.com, 
                    afarrel@juniper.net
        Pages:      23
        Characters: 54082
        Updates/Obsoletes/SeeAlso:   None

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-opsawg-service-model-explained-05.txt

        URL:        https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8309

        DOI:        10.17487/RFC8309

The IETF has produced many modules in the YANG modeling language.
The majority of these modules are used to construct data models to
model devices or monolithic functions.

A small number of YANG modules have been defined to model services
(for example, the Layer 3 Virtual Private Network Service Model
(L3SM) produced by the L3SM working group and documented in RFC
8049).

This document describes service models as used within the IETF and
also shows where a service model might fit into a software-defined
networking architecture.  Note that service models do not make any
assumption of how a service is actually engineered and delivered for
a customer; details of how network protocols and devices are
engineered to deliver a service are captured in other modules that
are not exposed through the interface between the customer and the
provider.

This document is a product of the Operations and Management Area Working Group Working Group of the IETF.


INFORMATIONAL: This memo provides information for the Internet community.
It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
this memo is unlimited.

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The RFC Editor Team
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From: Kathleen Moriarty <kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Jan 2018 14:06:06 -0500
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To: Ines Robles <mariainesrobles@googlemail.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Rtgdir last call review of draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13
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Hi Ines,

We added the following reference into the working version per your comment:

http://www.jjsylvia.com/bigdatacourse/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/p14-verble-1.pdf

Thank you,
Kathleen

On Mon, Jan 8, 2018 at 12:51 PM, Ines  Robles
<mariainesrobles@googlemail.com> wrote:
> Hi Kathleen,
>
> Ok, thank you for the feedback.
>
> Best,
>
> Ines.
>
> 2018-01-04 20:13 GMT+02:00 Kathleen Moriarty
> <kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com>:
>>
>> Hello Ines,
>>
>> Thanks again for your review.  Edits have been made in our working
>> version that we hope to post soon.
>>
>> On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 9:27 PM, Kathleen Moriarty
>> <kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:
>> > Ines,
>> >
>> > Thank you very much for your review!  We're working on the comments
>> > received and the nits you found will be addressed and are much
>> > appreciated.
>> >
>> > Best regards,
>> > Kathleen
>> >
>> > On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 4:59 PM, Ines Robles
>> > <mariainesrobles@googlemail.com> wrote:
>> >> Reviewer: Ines Robles
>> >> Review result: Ready
>> >>
>> >> RtgDir review: draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13.txt
>> >>
>> >> Hello,
>> >>
>> >> I have been selected as the Routing Directorate reviewer for this
>> >> draft. The
>> >> Routing Directorate seeks to review all routing or routing-related
>> >> drafts as
>> >> they pass through IETF last call and IESG review, and sometimes on
>> >> special
>> >> request. The purpose of the review is to provide assistance to the
>> >> Routing ADs.
>> >> For more information about the Routing Directorate, please see
>> >> http://trac.tools.ietf.org/area/rtg/trac/wiki/RtgDir
>> >>
>> >> Although these comments are primarily for the use of the Routing ADs,
>> >> it would
>> >> be helpful if you could consider them along with any other IETF Last
>> >> Call
>> >> comments that you receive, and strive to resolve them through
>> >> discussion or by
>> >> updating the draft.
>> >>
>> >> Document: Effect of Pervasive Encryption on Operators -
>> >> draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13 Reviewer: Ines Robles Review Date:
>> >> 12-11-2017
>> >> Intended status: Informational
>> >>
>> >> Summary:
>> >> This document discusses current security and network management
>> >> practices to
>> >> help guide protocol development in support of manageable, secure
>> >> networks.
>> >>
>> >> The draft is ready, few typos found.
>> >>
>> >> Comments:
>> >>
>> >> I believe the draft is technically good. This document is well written
>> >> and
>> >> clear to understand.
>> >>
>> >> Major Issues:
>> >>
>> >> No major issues found.
>> >>
>> >> Minor Issues:
>> >>
>> >> Section 2:
>> >>
>> >> "... Following the Snowden revelations,..." => It would be nice to add
>> >> some
>> >> references here
>>
>> Yes, the problem we have had so far is finding ones that aren't
>> articles that may not be stable.  A quick search pulls up new ones
>> like the following:
>> http://fortune.com/2016/04/25/snowden-encryption-james-clapper/
>>
>> We'll have to try again to find an academic publication.
>>
>> >>
>> >> Section 2.2.5:
>> >> "DRM..."=> I would expand it to  Digital Rights Management (DRM)
>>
>> Added, thank you!
>>
>> >>
>> >> Section 6:
>> >>
>> >> inlcudes=> includes
>>
>> Fixed, thanks.
>> >>
>> >> Section 6.1:
>> >> "information For example" => period missing?
>>
>> Ack, thanks!
>> >>
>> >> Section 6.2:
>> >> "soltuions" -> solutions
>> Fixed.
>> >>
>> >> Section 7.1 title:
>> >> "Encypted" => Encrypted
>> Fixed.
>>
>> Thanks for your review!
>>
>>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> > --
>> >
>> > Best regards,
>> > Kathleen
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>>
>> Best regards,
>> Kathleen
>
>



-- 

Best regards,
Kathleen


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working Group WG of the IETF.

        Title           : A YANG Data Model for Network Address Translation (NAT) and Network Prefix Translation (NPT)
        Authors         : Mohamed Boucadair
                          Senthil Sivakumar
                          Christian Jacquenet
                          Suresh Vinapamula
                          Qin Wu
	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang-10.txt
	Pages           : 97
	Date            : 2018-01-17

Abstract:
   For the sake of network automation and the need for programming
   Network Address Translation (NAT) function in particular, a data
   model for configuring and managing the NAT is essential.  This
   document defines a YANG module for the NAT function.

   NAT44, Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6 Clients to
   IPv4 Servers (NAT64), Customer-side transLATor (CLAT), Stateless IP/
   ICMP Translation (SIIT), Explicit Address Mappings for Stateless IP/
   ICMP Translation (SIIT EAM), and IPv6 Network Prefix Translation
   (NPTv6) are covered in this document.

Editorial Note (To be removed by RFC Editor)

   Please update these statements with the RFC number to be assigned to
   this document:

      "This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX;"

      "RFC XXXX: A YANG Data Model for Network Address Translation (NAT)
      and Network Prefix Translation (NPT)";

      "reference: RFC XXXX"


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang/

There are also htmlized versions available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang-10
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang-10

A diff from the previous version is available at:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-opsawg-nat-yang-10


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


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From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
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Subject: [OPSAWG] Fwd: Re: [netmod] I-D Action: draft-ietf-netmod-acl-model-15.txt
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Subject: Fwd: Re: [netmod] I-D Action: draft-ietf-netmod-acl-model-15.txt
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Based on=C2=A0 this update, I will update draft-ietf-opsawg-mud to match =
the
model.=C2=A0 In my opinion, while the changes in the ACL draft are
substantial, their impact on MUD is minimal.


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From: Mahesh Jethanandani <mjethanandani@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jan 2018 19:17:08 -0800
References: <151615867250.15562.7858111799192763218@ietfa.amsl.com>
To: NETMOD Working Group <netmod@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [netmod] I-D Action: draft-ietf-netmod-acl-model-15.txt
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This version of the drafts addresses comments received during the last run of the LC. We, the authors, believe that this document is ready for LC.

> On Jan 16, 2018, at 7:11 PM, internet-drafts@ietf.org wrote:
> 
> 
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
> This draft is a work item of the Network Modeling WG of the IETF.
> 
>        Title           : Network Access Control List (ACL) YANG Data Model
>        Authors         : Mahesh Jethanandani
>                          Lisa Huang
>                          Sonal Agarwal
>                          Dana Blair
> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-netmod-acl-model-15.txt
> 	Pages           : 51
> 	Date            : 2018-01-16
> 
> Abstract:
>   This document describes a data model of Access Control List (ACL)
>   basic building blocks.
> 
>   Editorial Note (To be removed by RFC Editor)
> 
>   This draft contains many placeholder values that need to be replaced
>   with finalized values at the time of publication.  This note
>   summarizes all of the substitutions that are needed.  Please note
>   that no other RFC Editor instructions are specified anywhere else in
>   this document.
> 
>   Artwork in this document contains shorthand references to drafts in
>   progress.  Please apply the following replacements
> 
>   o  "XXXX" --> the assigned RFC value for this draft both in this
>      draft and in the YANG models under the revision statement.
> 
>   o  Revision date in model needs to get updated with the date the
>      draft gets approved.  The date also needs to get reflected on the
>      line with <CODE BEGINS>.
> 
> 
> The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-netmod-acl-model/
> 
> There are also htmlized versions available at:
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-netmod-acl-model-15
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-netmod-acl-model-15
> 
> A diff from the previous version is available at:
> https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-netmod-acl-model-15
> 
> 
> Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
> until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.
> 
> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
> 
> _______________________________________________
> netmod mailing list
> netmod@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/netmod

Mahesh Jethanandani
mjethanandani@gmail.com

_______________________________________________
netmod mailing list
netmod@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/netmod


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From nobody Wed Jan 17 19:06:50 2018
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From: Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>
To: "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
CC: "opsawg-chairs@ietf.org" <opsawg-chairs@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community
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Hi WG,

The authors of draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community have posted the latest=
 drafts to the mailing list, and believe that the document is ready for LC.

This starts a 2 week WG LC on
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community-04

Please read the above draft and send any issues, comments, or corrections t=
o this mailing list.=20
All supports and concerns are welcome and helpful for the authors.

We are also looking for a document shepherd, best with operator background,=
 to help the following procedures. =20

The WG LC will close on Feb 1, 2018.
Authors please indicate whether you are aware of any IPR for the draft.

Thanks,
Tianran, as OPSAWG co-chair


From nobody Thu Jan 18 18:14:52 2018
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From: Duzongpeng <duzongpeng@huawei.com>
To: Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
CC: "opsawg-chairs@ietf.org" <opsawg-chairs@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community
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Hi All,

	IMHO, it is ready for publish. The mechanism will benefit the network oper=
ation.=20

Best Regards
Zongpeng Du

-----Original Message-----
From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Tianran Zhou
Sent: Thursday, January 18, 2018 11:07 AM
To: opsawg@ietf.org
Cc: opsawg-chairs@ietf.org
Subject: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community

Hi WG,

The authors of draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community have posted the latest=
 drafts to the mailing list, and believe that the document is ready for LC.

This starts a 2 week WG LC on
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community-04

Please read the above draft and send any issues, comments, or corrections t=
o this mailing list.=20
All supports and concerns are welcome and helpful for the authors.

We are also looking for a document shepherd, best with operator background,=
 to help the following procedures. =20

The WG LC will close on Feb 1, 2018.
Authors please indicate whether you are aware of any IPR for the draft.

Thanks,
Tianran, as OPSAWG co-chair

_______________________________________________
OPSAWG mailing list
OPSAWG@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg


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From: Ines  Robles <mariainesrobles@googlemail.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jan 2018 12:20:19 +0200
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To: Kathleen Moriarty <kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Rtgdir last call review of draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13
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Excellent!

Thank you very much

Cheers,

Ines.

2018-01-15 21:06 GMT+02:00 Kathleen Moriarty <
kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com>:

> Hi Ines,
>
> We added the following reference into the working version per your comment:
>
> http://www.jjsylvia.com/bigdatacourse/wp-content/
> uploads/2016/04/p14-verble-1.pdf
>
> Thank you,
> Kathleen
>
> On Mon, Jan 8, 2018 at 12:51 PM, Ines  Robles
> <mariainesrobles@googlemail.com> wrote:
> > Hi Kathleen,
> >
> > Ok, thank you for the feedback.
> >
> > Best,
> >
> > Ines.
> >
> > 2018-01-04 20:13 GMT+02:00 Kathleen Moriarty
> > <kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com>:
> >>
> >> Hello Ines,
> >>
> >> Thanks again for your review.  Edits have been made in our working
> >> version that we hope to post soon.
> >>
> >> On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 9:27 PM, Kathleen Moriarty
> >> <kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:
> >> > Ines,
> >> >
> >> > Thank you very much for your review!  We're working on the comments
> >> > received and the nits you found will be addressed and are much
> >> > appreciated.
> >> >
> >> > Best regards,
> >> > Kathleen
> >> >
> >> > On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 4:59 PM, Ines Robles
> >> > <mariainesrobles@googlemail.com> wrote:
> >> >> Reviewer: Ines Robles
> >> >> Review result: Ready
> >> >>
> >> >> RtgDir review: draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13.txt
> >> >>
> >> >> Hello,
> >> >>
> >> >> I have been selected as the Routing Directorate reviewer for this
> >> >> draft. The
> >> >> Routing Directorate seeks to review all routing or routing-related
> >> >> drafts as
> >> >> they pass through IETF last call and IESG review, and sometimes on
> >> >> special
> >> >> request. The purpose of the review is to provide assistance to the
> >> >> Routing ADs.
> >> >> For more information about the Routing Directorate, please see
> >> >> http://trac.tools.ietf.org/area/rtg/trac/wiki/RtgDir
> >> >>
> >> >> Although these comments are primarily for the use of the Routing ADs,
> >> >> it would
> >> >> be helpful if you could consider them along with any other IETF Last
> >> >> Call
> >> >> comments that you receive, and strive to resolve them through
> >> >> discussion or by
> >> >> updating the draft.
> >> >>
> >> >> Document: Effect of Pervasive Encryption on Operators -
> >> >> draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13 Reviewer: Ines Robles Review Date:
> >> >> 12-11-2017
> >> >> Intended status: Informational
> >> >>
> >> >> Summary:
> >> >> This document discusses current security and network management
> >> >> practices to
> >> >> help guide protocol development in support of manageable, secure
> >> >> networks.
> >> >>
> >> >> The draft is ready, few typos found.
> >> >>
> >> >> Comments:
> >> >>
> >> >> I believe the draft is technically good. This document is well
> written
> >> >> and
> >> >> clear to understand.
> >> >>
> >> >> Major Issues:
> >> >>
> >> >> No major issues found.
> >> >>
> >> >> Minor Issues:
> >> >>
> >> >> Section 2:
> >> >>
> >> >> "... Following the Snowden revelations,..." => It would be nice to
> add
> >> >> some
> >> >> references here
> >>
> >> Yes, the problem we have had so far is finding ones that aren't
> >> articles that may not be stable.  A quick search pulls up new ones
> >> like the following:
> >> http://fortune.com/2016/04/25/snowden-encryption-james-clapper/
> >>
> >> We'll have to try again to find an academic publication.
> >>
> >> >>
> >> >> Section 2.2.5:
> >> >> "DRM..."=> I would expand it to  Digital Rights Management (DRM)
> >>
> >> Added, thank you!
> >>
> >> >>
> >> >> Section 6:
> >> >>
> >> >> inlcudes=> includes
> >>
> >> Fixed, thanks.
> >> >>
> >> >> Section 6.1:
> >> >> "information For example" => period missing?
> >>
> >> Ack, thanks!
> >> >>
> >> >> Section 6.2:
> >> >> "soltuions" -> solutions
> >> Fixed.
> >> >>
> >> >> Section 7.1 title:
> >> >> "Encypted" => Encrypted
> >> Fixed.
> >>
> >> Thanks for your review!
> >>
> >>
> >> >>
> >> >>
> >> >
> >> >
> >> >
> >> > --
> >> >
> >> > Best regards,
> >> > Kathleen
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> --
> >>
> >> Best regards,
> >> Kathleen
> >
> >
>
>
>
> --
>
> Best regards,
> Kathleen
>

--089e0825e98877434b05631e6d66
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<div dir=3D"ltr">Excellent!<div><br><div>Thank you very much</div><div><br>=
</div><div>Cheers,</div><div><br></div><div>Ines.</div></div></div><div cla=
ss=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">2018-01-15 21:06 GMT+02:0=
0 Kathleen Moriarty <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:kathleen.moriar=
ty.ietf@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com</a>&g=
t;</span>:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;=
border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Hi Ines,<br>
<br>
We added the following reference into the working version per your comment:=
<br>
<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.jjsylvia.com/bigdatacourse/wp-content/uploads/2016/04=
/p14-verble-1.pdf" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://www.jjsylvia=
.com/<wbr>bigdatacourse/wp-content/<wbr>uploads/2016/04/p14-verble-1.<wbr>p=
df</a><br>
<br>
Thank you,<br>
Kathleen<br>
<br>
On Mon, Jan 8, 2018 at 12:51 PM, Ines=C2=A0 Robles<br>
<div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=3D"h5">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:mariainesrobl=
es@googlemail.com">mariainesrobles@googlemail.<wbr>com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; Hi Kathleen,<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Ok, thank you for the feedback.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Best,<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; Ines.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; 2018-01-04 20:13 GMT+02:00 Kathleen Moriarty<br>
&gt; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com">kathleen.moria=
rty.ietf@gmail.<wbr>com</a>&gt;:<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Hello Ines,<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Thanks again for your review.=C2=A0 Edits have been made in our wo=
rking<br>
&gt;&gt; version that we hope to post soon.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 9:27 PM, Kathleen Moriarty<br>
&gt;&gt; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com">kathleen.m=
oriarty.ietf@gmail.<wbr>com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; Ines,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; Thank you very much for your review!=C2=A0 We&#39;re working =
on the comments<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; received and the nits you found will be addressed and are muc=
h<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; appreciated.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; Best regards,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; Kathleen<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; On Mon, Dec 11, 2017 at 4:59 PM, Ines Robles<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:mariainesrobles@googlemail.com">mariain=
esrobles@googlemail.<wbr>com</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Reviewer: Ines Robles<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Review result: Ready<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; RtgDir review: draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13.<wbr>txt<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Hello,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; I have been selected as the Routing Directorate reviewer =
for this<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; draft. The<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Routing Directorate seeks to review all routing or routin=
g-related<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; drafts as<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; they pass through IETF last call and IESG review, and som=
etimes on<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; special<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; request. The purpose of the review is to provide assistan=
ce to the<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Routing ADs.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; For more information about the Routing Directorate, pleas=
e see<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; <a href=3D"http://trac.tools.ietf.org/area/rtg/trac/wiki/=
RtgDir" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://trac.tools.ietf.org/<wb=
r>area/rtg/trac/wiki/RtgDir</a><br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Although these comments are primarily for the use of the =
Routing ADs,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; it would<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; be helpful if you could consider them along with any othe=
r IETF Last<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Call<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; comments that you receive, and strive to resolve them thr=
ough<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; discussion or by<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; updating the draft.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Document: Effect of Pervasive Encryption on Operators -<b=
r>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13 Reviewer: Ines Robles Revie=
w Date:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; 12-11-2017<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Intended status: Informational<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Summary:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; This document discusses current security and network mana=
gement<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; practices to<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; help guide protocol development in support of manageable,=
 secure<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; networks.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; The draft is ready, few typos found.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Comments:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; I believe the draft is technically good. This document is=
 well written<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; and<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; clear to understand.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Major Issues:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; No major issues found.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Minor Issues:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Section 2:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; &quot;... Following the Snowden revelations,...&quot; =3D=
&gt; It would be nice to add<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; some<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; references here<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Yes, the problem we have had so far is finding ones that aren&#39;=
t<br>
&gt;&gt; articles that may not be stable.=C2=A0 A quick search pulls up new=
 ones<br>
&gt;&gt; like the following:<br>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"http://fortune.com/2016/04/25/snowden-encryption-james-=
clapper/" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">http://fortune.com/2016/04/2=
5/<wbr>snowden-encryption-james-<wbr>clapper/</a><br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; We&#39;ll have to try again to find an academic publication.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Section 2.2.5:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; &quot;DRM...&quot;=3D&gt; I would expand it to=C2=A0 Digi=
tal Rights Management (DRM)<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Added, thank you!<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Section 6:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; inlcudes=3D&gt; includes<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Fixed, thanks.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Section 6.1:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; &quot;information For example&quot; =3D&gt; period missin=
g?<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Ack, thanks!<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Section 6.2:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; &quot;soltuions&quot; -&gt; solutions<br>
&gt;&gt; Fixed.<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; Section 7.1 title:<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt; &quot;Encypted&quot; =3D&gt; Encrypted<br>
&gt;&gt; Fixed.<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Thanks for your review!<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; --<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; Best regards,<br>
&gt;&gt; &gt; Kathleen<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; --<br>
&gt;&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt; Best regards,<br>
&gt;&gt; Kathleen<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</div></div><span class=3D"HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888">--<br>
<br>
Best regards,<br>
Kathleen<br>
</font></span></blockquote></div><br></div>

--089e0825e98877434b05631e6d66--


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A new version (-15) has been submitted for draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt:
https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-15.txt


The IETF datatracker page for this Internet-Draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt/

Diff from previous version:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-15

Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the diff is available at tools.ietf.org.

IETF Secretariat.


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IESG state changed:

New State: IESG Evaluation

(The previous state was Waiting for AD Go-Ahead)


Datatracker URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt/


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Telechat date has been changed to 2018-02-08 from 2017-04-13
Datatracker URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt/


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I will look at the latest version soon, but let's answer first an
editorial point.


On 1/5/2018 6:07 AM, Kathleen Moriarty wrote:
> Thanks for your review and helpful comments!  Would you be okay with
> an ack for your review and comments in the draft?
I am fine with that, as long as this does not appear as an endorsement
of the various atrocities described in the draft...

-- Christian Huitema


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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/opsawg/kTQA2busaeKeSrGpua0g3iD4JJw>
Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community
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Dear all,

As a co-author, I think the document is ready to be published.
As for the IPR, I am aware of one patent application that may  relate to th=
is draft. The owner of the related patent is China Mobile whose legal depar=
tment is taking the procedure to disclose.

Thank you all for your support!

Best Regards,
Zhenqiang Li
________________________________
li_zhenqiang@hotmail.com

From: Tianran Zhou<mailto:zhoutianran@huawei.com>
Date: 2018-01-18 11:06
To: opsawg@ietf.org<mailto:opsawg@ietf.org>
CC: opsawg-chairs@ietf.org<mailto:opsawg-chairs@ietf.org>
Subject: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community
Hi WG,

The authors of draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community have posted the latest=
 drafts to the mailing list, and believe that the document is ready for LC.

This starts a 2 week WG LC on
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community-04

Please read the above draft and send any issues, comments, or corrections t=
o this mailing list.
All supports and concerns are welcome and helpful for the authors.

We are also looking for a document shepherd, best with operator background,=
 to help the following procedures.

The WG LC will close on Feb 1, 2018.
Authors please indicate whether you are aware of any IPR for the draft.

Thanks,
Tianran, as OPSAWG co-chair

_______________________________________________
OPSAWG mailing list
OPSAWG@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg

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<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-=
1">
<style>body { line-height: 1.5; }blockquote { margin-top: 0px; margin-botto=
m: 0px; margin-left: 0.5em; }body { font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: ????; c=
olor: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 1.5; }</style>
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<body>
<div><span></span>Dear all,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>As a co-author, I think the document is ready to be published.&nbsp;</=
div>
<div>
<div><span style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)=
;">As for the IPR, I&nbsp;am&nbsp;aware&nbsp;of&nbsp;one&nbsp;patent&nbsp;a=
pplication&nbsp;that&nbsp;may&nbsp;&nbsp;relate&nbsp;to&nbsp;this&nbsp;draf=
t.&nbsp;The&nbsp;owner&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;related&nbsp;patent&nbsp;is&nb=
sp;China&nbsp;Mobile&nbsp;whose&nbsp;legal&nbsp;department&nbsp;is&nbsp;tak=
ing&nbsp;the&nbsp;procedure&nbsp;to&nbsp;disclose.</span></div>
</div>
<div><span style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)=
;"><br>
</span></div>
<div><span style=3D"color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)=
;">Thank you all for your support!</span></div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Best Regards,</div>
<div>Zhenqiang Li</div>
<hr style=3D"width: 210px; height: 1px;" color=3D"#b5c4df" size=3D"1" align=
=3D"left">
<div><span>
<div style=3D"MARGIN: 10px; FONT-FAMILY: verdana; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">
<div>li_zhenqiang@hotmail.com</div>
</div>
</span></div>
<blockquote style=3D"margin-Top: 0px; margin-Bottom: 0px; margin-Left: 0.5e=
m">
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<div style=3D"PADDING-RIGHT: 8px; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; FONT-SIZE: 12px;FONT-F=
AMILY:tahoma;COLOR:#000000; BACKGROUND: #efefef; PADDING-BOTTOM: 8px; PADDI=
NG-TOP: 8px">
<div><b>From:</b>&nbsp;<a href=3D"mailto:zhoutianran@huawei.com">Tianran Zh=
ou</a></div>
<div><b>Date:</b>&nbsp;2018-01-18&nbsp;11:06</div>
<div><b>To:</b>&nbsp;<a href=3D"mailto:opsawg@ietf.org">opsawg@ietf.org</a>=
</div>
<div><b>CC:</b>&nbsp;<a href=3D"mailto:opsawg-chairs@ietf.org">opsawg-chair=
s@ietf.org</a></div>
<div><b>Subject:</b>&nbsp;[OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-co=
mmunity</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>Hi WG,</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The authors of draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community have posted the l=
atest drafts to the mailing list, and believe that the document is ready fo=
r LC.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>This starts a 2 week WG LC on</div>
<div>https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community-04</=
div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Please read the above draft and send any issues, comments, or correcti=
ons to this mailing list.
</div>
<div>All supports and concerns are welcome and helpful for the authors.</di=
v>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>We are also looking for a document shepherd, best with operator backgr=
ound, to help the following procedures.&nbsp;
</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>The WG LC will close on Feb 1, 2018.</div>
<div>Authors please indicate whether you are aware of any IPR for the draft=
.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Thanks,</div>
<div>Tianran, as OPSAWG co-chair</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>_______________________________________________</div>
<div>OPSAWG mailing list</div>
<div>OPSAWG@ietf.org</div>
<div>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
</body>
</html>

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Hi, dear all.
<div>As the co-author, I support the Work Group draft to be published.</div=
>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Gu Rong</div>
<div>gurong_cmcc@outlook.com</div>
<div>gurong@chinamobile.com</div>
<div>
<div>
<hr tabindex=3D"-1" style=3D"display:inline-block; width:98%">
<div id=3D"divRplyFwdMsg" dir=3D"ltr"><font face=3D"Calibri, sans-serif" co=
lor=3D"#000000" style=3D"font-size:11pt"><b>=B7=A2=BC=FE=C8=CB:</b> OPSAWG =
&lt;opsawg-bounces@ietf.org&gt; =B4=FA=B1=ED Tianran Zhou &lt;zhoutianran@h=
uawei.com&gt;<br>
<b>=B7=A2=CB=CD=CA=B1=BC=E4:</b> 2018=C4=EA1=D4=C218=C8=D5 3:06:41<br>
<b>=CA=D5=BC=FE=C8=CB:</b> opsawg@ietf.org<br>
<b>=B3=AD=CB=CD:</b> opsawg-chairs@ietf.org<br>
<b>=D6=F7=CC=E2:</b> [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-communi=
ty</font>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
</div>
<div class=3D"BodyFragment"><font size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt"=
>
<div class=3D"PlainText">Hi WG,<br>
<br>
The authors of draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community have posted the latest=
 drafts to the mailing list, and believe that the document is ready for LC.=
<br>
<br>
This starts a 2 week WG LC on<br>
<a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-communit=
y-04" id=3D"LPlnk739568" previewremoved=3D"true">https://tools.ietf.org/htm=
l/draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community-04</a><br>
<br>
Please read the above draft and send any issues, comments, or corrections t=
o this mailing list.
<br>
All supports and concerns are welcome and helpful for the authors.<br>
<br>
We are also looking for a document shepherd, best with operator background,=
 to help the following procedures.&nbsp;
<br>
<br>
The WG LC will close on Feb 1, 2018.<br>
Authors please indicate whether you are aware of any IPR for the draft.<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
Tianran, as OPSAWG co-chair<br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
OPSAWG mailing list<br>
OPSAWG@ietf.org<br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg" id=3D"LPlnk744709"=
 previewremoved=3D"true">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a>
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ttom: 20px; overflow: auto; width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
<table id=3D"LPContainer_15166027399020.5905754218544876" role=3D"presentat=
ion" cellspacing=3D"0" style=3D"width: 90%; background-color: rgb(255, 255,=
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m: 20px; margin-top: 20px; border-top: 1px dotted rgb(200, 200, 200); borde=
r-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(200, 200, 200);">
<tbody>
<tr valign=3D"top" style=3D"border-spacing: 0px;">
<td id=3D"TextCell_15166027399660.3632818986001942" colspan=3D"2" style=3D"=
vertical-align: top; position: relative; padding: 0px; display: table-cell;=
">
<div id=3D"LPRemovePreviewContainer_15166027399660.9243743248252885"></div>
<div id=3D"LPTitle_15166027399670.7345182837813049" style=3D"top: 0px; colo=
r: rgb(0, 120, 215); font-weight: normal; font-size: 21px; font-family: &qu=
ot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, =CE=A2=C8=ED=D1=
=C5=BA=DA, SimSun, =CB=CE=CC=E5, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;">
<a id=3D"LPUrlAnchor_15166027399700.3502379575329124" href=3D"https://www.i=
etf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"text-decoration=
: none;">OPSAWG Info Page - Internet Engineering Task Force</a></div>
<div id=3D"LPMetadata_15166027399710.17092558067511687" style=3D"margin: 10=
px 0px 16px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-weight: normal; font-family: &=
quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, =CE=A2=C8=ED=D1=
=C5=BA=DA, SimSun, =CB=CE=CC=E5, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: =
14px;">
www.ietf.org</div>
<div id=3D"LPDescription_15166027399750.24539490921657547" style=3D"display=
: block; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-weight: normal; font-family: &quot=
;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, =CE=A2=C8=ED=D1=C5=
=BA=DA, SimSun, =CB=CE=CC=E5, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20p=
x; max-height: 100px; overflow: hidden;">
Operations and Management Area Working Group Mail List. To see the collecti=
on of prior postings to the list, visit the OPSAWG Archives or OPSAWG MHonA=
rc Archives</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br>
<br>
</div>
</span></font></div>
</div>
</div>
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--_000_SG2PR0201MB2256547DE8662B722ACF655B8BEC0SG2PR0201MB2256_--


From nobody Sun Jan 21 23:01:10 2018
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From: "Dongjie (Jimmy)" <jie.dong@huawei.com>
To: Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
CC: "opsawg-chairs@ietf.org" <opsawg-chairs@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community
Thread-Index: AdOQCV9j2OxCryuCStaCuXJblDRHdADRPqZg
Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2018 07:00:53 +0000
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community
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Hi,=20

I (as coauthor) support the publication of this document.

Best regards,
Jie

> -----Original Message-----
> From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Tianran Zhou
> Sent: Thursday, January 18, 2018 11:07 AM
> To: opsawg@ietf.org
> Cc: opsawg-chairs@ietf.org
> Subject: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community
>=20
> Hi WG,
>=20
> The authors of draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community have posted the late=
st
> drafts to the mailing list, and believe that the document is ready for LC=
.
>=20
> This starts a 2 week WG LC on
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community-04
>=20
> Please read the above draft and send any issues, comments, or corrections=
 to
> this mailing list.
> All supports and concerns are welcome and helpful for the authors.
>=20
> We are also looking for a document shepherd, best with operator backgroun=
d, to
> help the following procedures.
>=20
> The WG LC will close on Feb 1, 2018.
> Authors please indicate whether you are aware of any IPR for the draft.
>=20
> Thanks,
> Tianran, as OPSAWG co-chair
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg


From nobody Sun Jan 21 23:03:16 2018
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From: "Dongjie (Jimmy)" <jie.dong@huawei.com>
To: "Dongjie (Jimmy)" <jie.dong@huawei.com>, Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
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I'm not aware of any IPR related to this document.=20

-Jie

> -----Original Message-----
> From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Dongjie (Jimmy=
)
> Sent: Monday, January 22, 2018 3:01 PM
> To: Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>; opsawg@ietf.org
> Cc: opsawg-chairs@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community
>=20
> Hi,
>=20
> I (as coauthor) support the publication of this document.
>=20
> Best regards,
> Jie
>=20
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Tianran
> > Zhou
> > Sent: Thursday, January 18, 2018 11:07 AM
> > To: opsawg@ietf.org
> > Cc: opsawg-chairs@ietf.org
> > Subject: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community
> >
> > Hi WG,
> >
> > The authors of draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community have posted the
> > latest drafts to the mailing list, and believe that the document is rea=
dy for LC.
> >
> > This starts a 2 week WG LC on
> > https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community-04
> >
> > Please read the above draft and send any issues, comments, or
> > corrections to this mailing list.
> > All supports and concerns are welcome and helpful for the authors.
> >
> > We are also looking for a document shepherd, best with operator
> > background, to help the following procedures.
> >
> > The WG LC will close on Feb 1, 2018.
> > Authors please indicate whether you are aware of any IPR for the draft.
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Tianran, as OPSAWG co-chair
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > OPSAWG mailing list
> > OPSAWG@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg


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<p style=3D"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">gurong@chinamobile.com</p>
</div>
<hr style=3D"display:inline-block;width:98%" tabindex=3D"-1">
<div id=3D"divRplyFwdMsg" dir=3D"ltr"><font face=3D"Calibri, sans-serif" st=
yle=3D"font-size:11pt" color=3D"#000000"><b>=B7=A2=BC=FE=C8=CB:</b> OPSAWG =
&lt;opsawg-bounces@ietf.org&gt; =B4=FA=B1=ED Dongjie (Jimmy) &lt;jie.dong@h=
uawei.com&gt;<br>
<b>=B7=A2=CB=CD=CA=B1=BC=E4:</b> 2018=C4=EA1=D4=C222=C8=D5 7:03:03<br>
<b>=CA=D5=BC=FE=C8=CB:</b> Dongjie (Jimmy); Tianran Zhou; opsawg@ietf.org<b=
r>
<b>=B3=AD=CB=CD:</b> opsawg-chairs@ietf.org<br>
<b>=D6=F7=CC=E2:</b> Re: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-com=
munity</font>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
</div>
<div class=3D"BodyFragment"><font size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;=
">
<div class=3D"PlainText">I'm not aware of any IPR related to this document.=
 <br>
<br>
-Jie<br>
<br>
&gt; -----Original Message-----<br>
&gt; From: OPSAWG [<a href=3D"mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:opsawg=
-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On Behalf Of Dongjie (Jimmy)<br>
&gt; Sent: Monday, January 22, 2018 3:01 PM<br>
&gt; To: Tianran Zhou &lt;zhoutianran@huawei.com&gt;; opsawg@ietf.org<br>
&gt; Cc: opsawg-chairs@ietf.org<br>
&gt; Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community<=
br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Hi,<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; I (as coauthor) support the publication of this document.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Best regards,<br>
&gt; Jie<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; -----Original Message-----<br>
&gt; &gt; From: OPSAWG [<a href=3D"mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:o=
psawg-bounces@ietf.org</a>] On Behalf Of Tianran<br>
&gt; &gt; Zhou<br>
&gt; &gt; Sent: Thursday, January 18, 2018 11:07 AM<br>
&gt; &gt; To: opsawg@ietf.org<br>
&gt; &gt; Cc: opsawg-chairs@ietf.org<br>
&gt; &gt; Subject: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community=
<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Hi WG,<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; The authors of draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community have posted =
the<br>
&gt; &gt; latest drafts to the mailing list, and believe that the document =
is ready for LC.<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; This starts a 2 week WG LC on<br>
&gt; &gt; <a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bg=
p-community-04">
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community-04</a><br=
>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Please read the above draft and send any issues, comments, or<br>
&gt; &gt; corrections to this mailing list.<br>
&gt; &gt; All supports and concerns are welcome and helpful for the authors=
.<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; We are also looking for a document shepherd, best with operator<b=
r>
&gt; &gt; background, to help the following procedures.<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; The WG LC will close on Feb 1, 2018.<br>
&gt; &gt; Authors please indicate whether you are aware of any IPR for the =
draft.<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; Thanks,<br>
&gt; &gt; Tianran, as OPSAWG co-chair<br>
&gt; &gt;<br>
&gt; &gt; _______________________________________________<br>
&gt; &gt; OPSAWG mailing list<br>
&gt; &gt; OPSAWG@ietf.org<br>
&gt; &gt; <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg">https://=
www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a><br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; _______________________________________________<br>
&gt; OPSAWG mailing list<br>
&gt; OPSAWG@ietf.org<br>
&gt; <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg">https://www.i=
etf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a><br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
OPSAWG mailing list<br>
OPSAWG@ietf.org<br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg">https://www.ietf.o=
rg/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a><br>
</div>
</span></font></div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_SG2PR0201MB225685108F51D0F45B7801768BEC0SG2PR0201MB2256_--


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From: Qin Wu <bill.wu@huawei.com>
To: "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community
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From: Huaimo Chen <huaimo.chen@huawei.com>
To: "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community
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Date: Mon, 22 Jan 2018 14:04:16 +0000
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] WG LC for draft-ietf-opsawg-ipfix-bgp-community
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--_000_5316A0AB3C851246A7CA5758973207D463A44D8Bsjceml521mbschi_--


From nobody Mon Jan 22 15:05:11 2018
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Subject: [OPSAWG] Datatracker State Update Notice: <draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-15.txt>
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IANA review state changed to "IANA OK - No Actions Needed"
Datatracker URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt/


From nobody Tue Jan 23 19:37:39 2018
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From: Ben Campbell <ben@nostrum.com>
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Subject: [OPSAWG] Ben Campbell's No Objection on draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-11: (with COMMENT)
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Ben Campbell has entered the following ballot position for
draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-11: No Objection

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email addresses included in the To and CC lines. (Feel free to cut this
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMENT:
----------------------------------------------------------------------

-1, 3rd paragraph after figure 1: We should avoid using lawful intercept as a
justification for protocol mechanisms.

-1.3: Serving as an "archival record" seems like an odd use of "experimental".
That sounds more "informational" to me.

-7: I agree with Kathleen's comments about the security considerations.

Editorial Comments and Nits:

- The abbreviations that were expanded in the abstract should be expanded again
on the body.

-1, paragraph after figure 1: Missing article before the first occurrence of
"CAPWAP".

-1.3, first sentence: " Service Provider's " should either be " Service
Providers' " or "the Service Provider's

-2, 3rd paragraph after figure 5: Missing article before WTP (multiple
occurrences).



From nobody Wed Jan 24 00:29:42 2018
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working Group WG of the IETF.

        Title           : Manufacturer Usage Description Specification
        Authors         : Eliot Lear
                          Ralph Droms
                          Dan Romascanu
	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
	Pages           : 56
	Date            : 2018-01-24

Abstract:
   This memo specifies a component-based architecture for manufacturer
   usage descriptions (MUD).  The goal of MUD is to provide a means for
   Things to signal to the network what sort of access and network
   functionality they require to properly function.  The initial focus
   is on access control.  Later work can delve into other aspects.

   This memo specifies two YANG modules, IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP options, an
   LLDP TLV, a URL suffix specification, an X.509 certificate extension
   and a means to sign and verify the descriptions.


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https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14

A diff from the previous version is available at:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14


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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
Cc: opsawg@ietf.org, Warren Kumari <warren@kumari.net>,
 Mahesh Jethanandani <mjethanandani@gmail.com>,
 Mark Nottingham <mnot@mnot.net>
Message-ID: <74177d27-9a95-c791-db77-be5bafee957d@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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In-Reply-To: <151678258073.24096.1546664821566754428@ietfa.amsl.com>

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This update primarily focuses on two elements that were agreed during WGL=
C:

  * The update to the ACL model.=C2=A0 That update has taken longer than =
I
    would have liked, but it is now at least close to finished.=C2=A0 Not=
e:
    the MUD model does not yet match the published ACL model, but it
    does match the agreed changes that will be produced in the next ACL
    draft.
  * Mark Nottingham had commented that it is not appropriate to have
    versioning information in the MUD-URL itself, but that it should be
    in the model.=C2=A0 We agreed on this change, as well as some wording=

    around how HTTP is handled.

Based on these changes, I would like to move this document forward to
IETF LC.

Eliot


On 24.01.18 09:29, internet-drafts@ietf.org wrote:
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts dire=
ctories.
> This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working=
 Group WG of the IETF.
>
>         Title           : Manufacturer Usage Description Specification
>         Authors         : Eliot Lear
>                           Ralph Droms
>                           Dan Romascanu
> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
> 	Pages           : 56
> 	Date            : 2018-01-24
>
> Abstract:
>    This memo specifies a component-based architecture for manufacturer
>    usage descriptions (MUD).  The goal of MUD is to provide a means for=

>    Things to signal to the network what sort of access and network
>    functionality they require to properly function.  The initial focus
>    is on access control.  Later work can delve into other aspects.
>
>    This memo specifies two YANG modules, IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP options, an=

>    LLDP TLV, a URL suffix specification, an X.509 certificate extension=

>    and a means to sign and verify the descriptions.
>
>
> The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud/
>
> There are also htmlized versions available at:
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14
>
> A diff from the previous version is available at:
> https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14
>
>
> Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submi=
ssion
> until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.
>
> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
>
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>


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<html>
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dutf=
-8">
  </head>
  <body text=3D"#000000" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF">
    <p>This update primarily focuses on two elements that were agreed
      during WGLC:</p>
    <ul>
      <li>The update to the ACL model.=C2=A0 That update has taken longer=

        than I would have liked, but it is now at least close to
        finished.=C2=A0 Note: the MUD model does not yet match the publis=
hed
        ACL model, but it does match the agreed changes that will be
        produced in the next ACL draft.</li>
      <li>Mark Nottingham had commented that it is not appropriate to
        have versioning information in the MUD-URL itself, but that it
        should be in the model.=C2=A0 We agreed on this change, as well a=
s
        some wording around how HTTP is handled.</li>
    </ul>
    <p>Based on these changes, I would like to move this document
      forward to IETF LC.</p>
    <p>Eliot<br>
    </p>
    <br>
    <div class=3D"moz-cite-prefix">On 24.01.18 09:29,
      <a class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href=3D"mailto:internet-draft=
s@ietf.org">internet-drafts@ietf.org</a> wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite"
      cite=3D"mid:151678258073.24096.1546664821566754428@ietfa.amsl.com">=

      <pre wrap=3D"">
A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts direct=
ories.
This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working G=
roup WG of the IETF.

        Title           : Manufacturer Usage Description Specification
        Authors         : Eliot Lear
                          Ralph Droms
                          Dan Romascanu
	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
	Pages           : 56
	Date            : 2018-01-24

Abstract:
   This memo specifies a component-based architecture for manufacturer
   usage descriptions (MUD).  The goal of MUD is to provide a means for
   Things to signal to the network what sort of access and network
   functionality they require to properly function.  The initial focus
   is on access control.  Later work can delve into other aspects.

   This memo specifies two YANG modules, IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP options, an
   LLDP TLV, a URL suffix specification, an X.509 certificate extension
   and a means to sign and verify the descriptions.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/d=
oc/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud/">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-op=
sawg-mud/</a>

There are also htmlized versions available at:
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/dr=
aft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud=
-14</a>
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/d=
oc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/d=
raft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14</a>

A diff from the previous version is available at:
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?u=
rl2=3Ddraft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14">https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft=
-ietf-opsawg-mud-14</a>


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submiss=
ion
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-dr=
afts/">ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/</a>

_______________________________________________
OPSAWG mailing list
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href=3D"mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org">OPS=
AWG@ietf.org</a>
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/l=
istinfo/opsawg">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a>

</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

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To: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
CC: Mahesh Jethanandani <mjethanandani@gmail.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>, Mark Nottingham <mnot@mnot.net>
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To: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com
Cc: Mahesh Jethanandani <mjethanandani@gmail.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>, Mark Nottingham <mnot@mnot.net>, "Saswat Praharaj (saspraha)" <saspraha@cisco.com>
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From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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Hi Med,


On 24.01.18 10:52, mohamed.boucadair@orange.com wrote:
>
> Hi Eliot,
>
> =C2=A0
>
> Some quick comments:
> * Please note that "acl-type" should be =E2=80=9Ctype=E2=80=9D and "rul=
e-name" should
> be changed to =E2=80=9Cname=E2=80=9D. This can be easily fixed in the e=
xamples.

My understanding from draft-ietf-netmod-acl-model-14 is that acl-type
remains acl-type.=C2=A0 acl-name became name.=C2=A0 But you're right- rul=
e-name
became name as well.=C2=A0 I will adjust the text accordingly.

> * This sentence should be carefully updated as well: =E2=80=9CWith the
> exceptions of "name", "acl-type", "rule-name", and TCP and=E2=80=9D.
> * I guess the examples should be checked to align with the new ACL
> structure. For example,
> =C2=A0- =E2=80=9Cipv6-acl=E2=80=9D entries should be updated to =E2=80=9C=
ipv6=E2=80=9D.

Which is the text I adjusted ;-)

> - add =E2=80=9Cl3=E2=80=9D entry before =E2=80=9Cipv4=E2=80=9D and =E2=80=
=9Cipv6=E2=80=9D.

I think this is done in the normative text but you're right- it needs to
be corrected in the examples.

> * It would useful to add a justification why it is not recommended to
> support 'reject' action.

Ok, I'll add some text.

> * Unless I=E2=80=99m mistaken, the mud use case does not require the su=
pport
> of interfaces as an attachment point. It may be useful to add
> something among those lines: =C2=A0
>
> =C2=A0
>
> =C2=A0=C2=A0 Given that MUD does not deal with interfaces, the
>
> =C2=A0=C2=A0 support of the "ietf-interfaces" module [RFC7223
> <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7223>] is not
>
> =C2=A0=C2=A0 required. Specifically, the support of interface-related
>
> =C2=A0=C2=A0 features and branches (e.g., interface-attachment and inte=
rface-stats)
>
> =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0of the ACL YANG module is not required.
>

ok.


In addition, I have received the following requests for data elements to
be added to the core model:

  * Manufacturer-Name
  * Device-Type
  * Model-Number
  * Software-version


Unless I hear objections, I am disposed to add these as non-mandatory
leaf-nodes as strings underneath the top-level MUD object.

Eliot
>
> =C2=A0
> Cheers,
> Med
>
> =C2=A0
>
> *De=C2=A0:*OPSAWG [mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org] *De la part de* Elio=
t Lear
> *Envoy=C3=A9=C2=A0:* mercredi 24 janvier 2018 09:34
> *Cc=C2=A0:* Mahesh Jethanandani; opsawg@ietf.org; Mark Nottingham
> *Objet=C2=A0:* Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
>
> =C2=A0
>
> This update primarily focuses on two elements that were agreed during
> WGLC:
>
>   * The update to the ACL model.=C2=A0 That update has taken longer tha=
n I
>     would have liked, but it is now at least close to finished.=C2=A0 N=
ote:
>     the MUD model does not yet match the published ACL model, but it
>     does match the agreed changes that will be produced in the next
>     ACL draft.
>   * Mark Nottingham had commented that it is not appropriate to have
>     versioning information in the MUD-URL itself, but that it should
>     be in the model.=C2=A0 We agreed on this change, as well as some
>     wording around how HTTP is handled.
>
> Based on these changes, I would like to move this document forward to
> IETF LC.
>
> Eliot
>
> =C2=A0
>
> On 24.01.18 09:29, internet-drafts@ietf.org
> <mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org> wrote:
>
>     =C2=A0
>
>     A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts =
directories.
>
>     This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Wor=
king Group WG of the IETF.
>
>     =C2=A0
>
>     =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Title=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0: Manufacturer Usage Description =
Specification
>
>     =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Authors=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 : Eliot Lear
>
>     =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 Ralph Droms
>
>     =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 Dan Romascanu
>
>      Filename=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 : draft-ietf-op=
sawg-mud-14.txt
>
>      Pages=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =
: 56
>
>      Date=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 : 2018-01-24
>
>     =C2=A0
>
>     Abstract:
>
>     =C2=A0=C2=A0 This memo specifies a component-based architecture for=
 manufacturer
>
>     =C2=A0=C2=A0 usage descriptions (MUD).=C2=A0 The goal of MUD is to =
provide a means for
>
>     =C2=A0=C2=A0 Things to signal to the network what sort of access an=
d network
>
>     =C2=A0=C2=A0 functionality they require to properly function.=C2=A0=
 The initial focus
>
>     =C2=A0=C2=A0 is on access control.=C2=A0 Later work can delve into =
other aspects.
>
>     =C2=A0
>
>     =C2=A0=C2=A0 This memo specifies two YANG modules, IPv4 and IPv6 DH=
CP options, an
>
>     =C2=A0=C2=A0 LLDP TLV, a URL suffix specification, an X.509 certifi=
cate extension
>
>     =C2=A0=C2=A0 and a means to sign and verify the descriptions.
>
>     =C2=A0
>
>     =C2=A0
>
>     The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
>
>     https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud/
>
>     =C2=A0
>
>     There are also htmlized versions available at:
>
>     https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14
>
>     https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14
>
>     =C2=A0
>
>     A diff from the previous version is available at:
>
>     https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14
>
>     =C2=A0
>
>     =C2=A0
>
>     Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of s=
ubmission
>
>     until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org=
=2E
>
>     =C2=A0
>
>     Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
>
>     ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
>
>     =C2=A0
>
>     _______________________________________________
>
>     OPSAWG mailing list
>
>     OPSAWG@ietf.org <mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org>
>
>     https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>
>     =C2=A0
>
> =C2=A0
>


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    <p>Hi Med,<br>
    </p>
    <br>
    <div class=3D"moz-cite-prefix">On 24.01.18 10:52,
      <a class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href=3D"mailto:mohamed.boucad=
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      <div class=3D"WordSection1">
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
            style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;;color:black">Hi Eliot,
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
            style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;;color:black"><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></span></p>
        <pre><span style=3D"color:black" lang=3D"EN-US">Some quick commen=
ts:<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
        <pre><span style=3D"color:black" lang=3D"EN-US">* Please note tha=
t </span><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">"acl-type" shoul=
d be =E2=80=9Ctype=E2=80=9D and "rule-name" should be changed to =E2=80=9C=
name=E2=80=9D. This can be easily fixed in the examples. </span></pre>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    My understanding from draft-ietf-netmod-acl-model-14 is that
    acl-type remains acl-type.=C2=A0 acl-name became name.=C2=A0 But you'=
re right-
    rule-name became name as well.=C2=A0 I will adjust the text according=
ly.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite"
cite=3D"mid:787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C5FDD@OPEXCLILMA3.corporat=
e.adroot.infra.ftgroup">
      <div class=3D"WordSection1">
        <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p><=
/span></pre>
        <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">* This sente=
nce should be carefully updated as well: =E2=80=9C</span><span lang=3D"EN=
-US">With the exceptions of <span class=3D"insert">"name",</span> "acl-ty=
pe", "rule-name", and TCP and</span><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=
=3D"EN-US">=E2=80=9D.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
        <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">* I guess th=
e examples should be checked to align with the new ACL structure. For exa=
mple, <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
        <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">=C2=A0- =E2=80=
=9Cipv6-acl=E2=80=9D entries should be updated to =E2=80=9Cipv6=E2=80=9D.=
</span></pre>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    Which is the text I adjusted ;-)<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite"
cite=3D"mid:787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C5FDD@OPEXCLILMA3.corporat=
e.adroot.infra.ftgroup">
      <div class=3D"WordSection1">
        <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p><=
/span></pre>
        <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US"> - add =E2=80=
=9Cl3=E2=80=9D entry before =E2=80=9Cipv4=E2=80=9D and =E2=80=9Cipv6=E2=80=
=9D.</span></pre>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    I think this is done in the normative text but you're right- it
    needs to be corrected in the examples.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite"
cite=3D"mid:787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C5FDD@OPEXCLILMA3.corporat=
e.adroot.infra.ftgroup">
      <div class=3D"WordSection1">
        <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p><=
/span></pre>
        <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">* It would u=
seful to add a justification why it is not recommended to support 'reject=
' action.</span></pre>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    Ok, I'll add some text.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite"
cite=3D"mid:787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C5FDD@OPEXCLILMA3.corporat=
e.adroot.infra.ftgroup">
      <div class=3D"WordSection1">
        <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p><=
/span></pre>
        <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">* Unless I=E2=
=80=99m mistaken, the mud use case does not require the support of interf=
aces as an attachment point. It may be useful to add something among thos=
e lines: =C2=A0<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
            style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;;color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p><=
/span></p>
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
            style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;;color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">=C2=A0=C2=A0 Given=
 that MUD
            does not deal with interfaces, the<o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
            style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;;color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">=C2=A0=C2=A0 suppo=
rt of the
            "ietf-interfaces" module [</span><span
            style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;;color:windowtext"><a
              href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7223" title=3D"&quot=
;A
              YANG Data Model for Interface Management&quot;"
              moz-do-not-send=3D"true"><span lang=3D"EN-US">RFC7223</span=
></a></span><span
            style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;;color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">] is not<o:p></o:p=
></span></p>
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
            style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;;color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">=C2=A0=C2=A0 requi=
red.
            Specifically, the support of interface-related<o:p></o:p></sp=
an></p>
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
            style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;;color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">=C2=A0=C2=A0 featu=
res and
            branches (e.g., interface-attachment and interface-stats)
            <o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
            style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;;color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
of the ACL YANG
            module is not required.</span></p>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    ok.<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    In addition, I have received the following requests for data
    elements to be added to the core model:<br>
    <br>
    <ul>
      <li>Manufacturer-Name</li>
      <li>Device-Type</li>
      <li>Model-Number</li>
      <li>Software-version</li>
    </ul>
    <br>
    Unless I hear objections, I am disposed to add these as
    non-mandatory leaf-nodes as strings underneath the top-level MUD
    object.<br>
    <br>
    Eliot<br>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite"
cite=3D"mid:787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C5FDD@OPEXCLILMA3.corporat=
e.adroot.infra.ftgroup">
      <div class=3D"WordSection1">
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"E=
N-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
        <pre style=3D"margin-left:36.0pt"><span style=3D"color:windowtext=
" lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></span></pre>
        <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">Cheers,<o:p>=
</o:p></span></pre>
        <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">Med</span><s=
pan style=3D"color:black" lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
        <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
            style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
            New&quot;;color:black" lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></span=
></p>
        <div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0c=
m
          0cm 0cm 4.0pt">
          <div>
            <div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF
              1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
              <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span
style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif=
&quot;;color:windowtext">De=C2=A0:</span></b><span
style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif=
&quot;;color:windowtext">
                  OPSAWG [<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"mail=
to:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org">mailto:opsawg-bounces@ietf.org</a>]
                  <b>De la part de</b> Eliot Lear<br>
                  <b>Envoy=C3=A9=C2=A0:</b> mercredi 24 janvier 2018 09:3=
4<br>
                  <b>Cc=C2=A0:</b> Mahesh Jethanandani; <a class=3D"moz-t=
xt-link-abbreviated" href=3D"mailto:opsawg@ietf.org">opsawg@ietf.org</a>;=
 Mark
                  Nottingham<br>
                  <b>Objet=C2=A0:</b> Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action:
                  draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt<o:p></o:p></span></p>
            </div>
          </div>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></p>
          <p>This update primarily focuses on two elements that were
            agreed during WGLC:<o:p></o:p></p>
          <ul type=3D"disc">
            <li class=3D"MsoNormal"
              style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto=
;mso-list:l1
              level1 lfo1">
              The update to the ACL model.=C2=A0 That update has taken lo=
nger
              than I would have liked, but it is now at least close to
              finished.=C2=A0 Note: the MUD model does not yet match the
              published ACL model, but it does match the agreed changes
              that will be produced in the next ACL draft.<o:p></o:p></li=
>
            <li class=3D"MsoNormal"
              style=3D"mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto=
;mso-list:l1
              level1 lfo1">
              Mark Nottingham had commented that it is not appropriate
              to have versioning information in the MUD-URL itself, but
              that it should be in the model.=C2=A0 We agreed on this cha=
nge,
              as well as some wording around how HTTP is handled.<o:p></o=
:p></li>
          </ul>
          <p>Based on these changes, I would like to move this document
            forward to IETF LC.<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p>Eliot<o:p></o:p></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></p>
          <div>
            <p class=3D"MsoNormal">On 24.01.18 09:29, <a
                href=3D"mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org"
                moz-do-not-send=3D"true">
                internet-drafts@ietf.org</a> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
          </div>
          <blockquote style=3D"margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
            <pre><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></pre>
            <pre>A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Inter=
net-Drafts directories.<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre>This draft is a work item of the Operations and Manageme=
nt Area Working Group WG of the IETF.<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></pre>
            <pre>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Title=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0: Manufacturer Usage =
Description Specification<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Authors=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 : Eliot Lear<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Ralph Droms<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Dan Romascanu<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre> Filename=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 : dr=
aft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre> Pages=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0 : 56<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre> Date=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=
=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 : 2018-01-24<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></pre>
            <pre>Abstract:<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre>=C2=A0=C2=A0 This memo specifies a component-based archi=
tecture for manufacturer<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre>=C2=A0=C2=A0 usage descriptions (MUD).=C2=A0 The goal of=
 MUD is to provide a means for<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre>=C2=A0=C2=A0 Things to signal to the network what sort o=
f access and network<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre>=C2=A0=C2=A0 functionality they require to properly func=
tion.=C2=A0 The initial focus<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre>=C2=A0=C2=A0 is on access control.=C2=A0 Later work can =
delve into other aspects.<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></pre>
            <pre>=C2=A0=C2=A0 This memo specifies two YANG modules, IPv4 =
and IPv6 DHCP options, an<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre>=C2=A0=C2=A0 LLDP TLV, a URL suffix specification, an X.=
509 certificate extension<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre>=C2=A0=C2=A0 and a means to sign and verify the descript=
ions.<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></pre>
            <pre><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></pre>
            <pre>The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:<o:p>=
</o:p></pre>
            <pre><a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-o=
psawg-mud/" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/dra=
ft-ietf-opsawg-mud/</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></pre>
            <pre>There are also htmlized versions available at:<o:p></o:p=
></pre>
            <pre><a href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg=
-mud-14" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-=
opsawg-mud-14</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre><a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-i=
etf-opsawg-mud-14" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">https://datatracker.ietf.org/=
doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></pre>
            <pre>A diff from the previous version is available at:<o:p></=
o:p></pre>
            <pre><a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-iet=
f-opsawg-mud-14" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?ur=
l2=3Ddraft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></pre>
            <pre><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></pre>
            <pre>Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from th=
e time of submission<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre>until the htmlized version and diff are available at too=
ls.ietf.org.<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></pre>
            <pre>Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:<=
o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre><a href=3D"ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/" moz-do-n=
ot-send=3D"true">ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/</a><o:p></o:p></pre>=

            <pre><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></pre>
            <pre>_______________________________________________<o:p></o:=
p></pre>
            <pre>OPSAWG mailing list<o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre><a href=3D"mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org" moz-do-not-send=3D"tr=
ue">OPSAWG@ietf.org</a><o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre><a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg"=
 moz-do-not-send=3D"true">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a=
><o:p></o:p></pre>
            <pre><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></pre>
          </blockquote>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

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Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2018 11:14:06 +0100
From: Juergen Schoenwaelder <j.schoenwaelder@jacobs-university.de>
To: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
Cc: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com, Mahesh Jethanandani <mjethanandani@gmail.com>, "Saswat Praharaj (saspraha)" <saspraha@cisco.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>, Mark Nottingham <mnot@mnot.net>
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References: <151678258073.24096.1546664821566754428@ietfa.amsl.com> <74177d27-9a95-c791-db77-be5bafee957d@cisco.com> <787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C5FDD@OPEXCLILMA3.corporate.adroot.infra.ftgroup> <f3706db8-1dcf-1efa-5f4b-746166ae97e4@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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On Wed, Jan 24, 2018 at 11:05:13AM +0100, Eliot Lear wrote:
> 
> In addition, I have received the following requests for data elements to
> be added to the core model:
> 
>   * Manufacturer-Name
>   * Device-Type
>   * Model-Number
>   * Software-version
>

Will these definitions be aligned with definitions in 'ietf-hardware'
defined in draft-ietf-netmod-entity-08.txt (which is in the state IESG
Evaluation)?

/js

-- 
Juergen Schoenwaelder           Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
Phone: +49 421 200 3587         Campus Ring 1 | 28759 Bremen | Germany
Fax:   +49 421 200 3103         <https://www.jacobs-university.de/>


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References: <151678258073.24096.1546664821566754428@ietfa.amsl.com> <74177d27-9a95-c791-db77-be5bafee957d@cisco.com> <787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C5FDD@OPEXCLILMA3.corporate.adroot.infra.ftgroup> <f3706db8-1dcf-1efa-5f4b-746166ae97e4@cisco.com> <20180124101406.pgzerj2ejnuyjfv6@elstar.local>
From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
To: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com,
 Mahesh Jethanandani <mjethanandani@gmail.com>,
 "Saswat Praharaj (saspraha)" <saspraha@cisco.com>,
 "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>, Mark Nottingham <mnot@mnot.net>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
References: <151678258073.24096.1546664821566754428@ietfa.amsl.com>
 <74177d27-9a95-c791-db77-be5bafee957d@cisco.com>
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In-Reply-To: <20180124101406.pgzerj2ejnuyjfv6@elstar.local>

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Yes, this makes sense.

Eliot


On 24.01.18 11:14, Juergen Schoenwaelder wrote:
> On Wed, Jan 24, 2018 at 11:05:13AM +0100, Eliot Lear wrote:
>> In addition, I have received the following requests for data elements =
to
>> be added to the core model:
>>
>>   * Manufacturer-Name
>>   * Device-Type
>>   * Model-Number
>>   * Software-version
>>
> Will these definitions be aligned with definitions in 'ietf-hardware'
> defined in draft-ietf-netmod-entity-08.txt (which is in the state IESG
> Evaluation)?
>
> /js
>



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Cc: Mahesh Jethanandani <mjethanandani@gmail.com>, "Saswat Praharaj (saspraha)" <saspraha@cisco.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>, Mark Nottingham <mnot@mnot.net>
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From: Joe Clarke <jclarke@cisco.com>
Organization: Cisco
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Date: Wed, 24 Jan 2018 06:20:25 -0500
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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On 1/24/18 05:05, Eliot Lear wrote:
> In addition, I have received the following requests for data
> elements to be added to the core model:
> 
> * Manufacturer-Name * Device-Type * Model-Number *
> Software-version
> 
> 
> Unless I hear objections, I am disposed to add these as
> non-mandatory leaf-nodes as strings underneath the top-level MUD
> object.

Is there a reason why they wouldn't be mandatory?  Seems like these
data would be readily available and having them would make a number of
use case cases possible.

Joe
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
To: Joe Clarke <jclarke@cisco.com>, mohamed.boucadair@orange.com
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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On 24.01.18 12:20, Joe Clarke wrote:
> Is there a reason why they wouldn't be mandatory?=C2=A0 Seems like thes=
e
> data would be readily available and having them would make a number of
> use case cases possible.

Yes, there is.=C2=A0 If the MUD-URL is "burned in" via 802.1AR and the
software can be updated, then one oughtn't provide software information
for the simple reason that it would be most likely wrong.=C2=A0 Hardware
info?=C2=A0 Sure.=C2=A0 Software when using DHCP or LLDP?=C2=A0 Sure.=C2=A0=
 But otherwise no.

Eliot


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Cc: Mahesh Jethanandani <mjethanandani@gmail.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>, Mark Nottingham <mnot@mnot.net>, "Saswat Praharaj (saspraha)" <saspraha@cisco.com>
References: <151678258073.24096.1546664821566754428@ietfa.amsl.com> <74177d27-9a95-c791-db77-be5bafee957d@cisco.com> <787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C5FDD@OPEXCLILMA3.corporate.adroot.infra.ftgroup> <f3706db8-1dcf-1efa-5f4b-746166ae97e4@cisco.com> <787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C612A@OPEXCLILMA3.corporate.adroot.infra.ftgroup>
From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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Hi Med,

Please see below:


On 24.01.18 12:54, mohamed.boucadair@orange.com wrote:
>

> My understanding from draft-ietf-netmod-acl-model-14 is that acl-type
> remains acl-type.=C2=A0 acl-name became name.=C2=A0 But you're right- r=
ule-name
> became name as well.=C2=A0 I will adjust the text accordingly.
>
> [Med] I guess you meant -15. I confirm that acl-type is to be changed
> too. Below an excerpt of the acl tree structure:
>
> =C2=A0
>
> =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 +--rw access-lists
>
> =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 +--rw acl* [name]
>
> =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw name=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 string
>
> =C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw type?=C2=A0=C2=
=A0 acl-type
>
> =C2=A0
>
> * This sentence should be carefully updated as well: =E2=80=9CWith the
> exceptions of "name", "acl-type", "rule-name", and TCP and=E2=80=9D.
> * I guess the examples should be checked to align with the new ACL
> structure. For example,
> =C2=A0- =E2=80=9Cipv6-acl=E2=80=9D entries should be updated to =E2=80=9C=
ipv6=E2=80=9D.

You're right.=C2=A0 I stand corrected.=C2=A0 And I spotted the error in t=
he
example.=C2=A0 Will correct.
>
>
> Which is the text I adjusted ;-)
>
> [Med] Yes. I was referring to the examples.
>
> =C2=A0- add =E2=80=9Cl3=E2=80=9D entry before =E2=80=9Cipv4=E2=80=9D an=
d =E2=80=9Cipv6=E2=80=9D.
>
>
> I think this is done in the normative text but you're right- it needs
> to be corrected in the examples.
>
>
> * It would useful to add a justification why it is not recommended to
> support 'reject' action.
>
>
> Ok, I'll add some text.
>
> [Med] Thank you. BTW, wouldn=E2=80=99t you need a rate-limit action to
> =E2=80=9Cprotect=E2=80=9D against exhausting Thing resources?
>

I don't think that's appropriate at this point.=C2=A0 For one thing, it g=
oes
well beyond what many implementations can actually do.=C2=A0 For another,=
 it
may be asking a bit much of the manufacturers to predict this sort of
behavior, and it will be easy to get wrong.=C2=A0 I would suggest this be=

handled later as we get some additional operational experience.

Eliot

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    <p>Hi Med,</p>
    <p>Please see below:<br>
    </p>
    <br>
    <div class=3D"moz-cite-prefix">On 24.01.18 12:54,
      <a class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href=3D"mailto:mohamed.boucad=
air@orange.com">mohamed.boucadair@orange.com</a> wrote:<br>
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<o:shapedefaults v:ext=3D"edit" spidmax=3D"1026" />
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<o:shapelayout v:ext=3D"edit">
<o:idmap v:ext=3D"edit" data=3D"1" />
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      <div class=3D"WordSection1"><br>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite"
cite=3D"mid:787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C612A@OPEXCLILMA3.corporat=
e.adroot.infra.ftgroup">
      <div class=3D"WordSection1">
        <div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0c=
m
          0cm 0cm 4.0pt">
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal">
            My understanding from draft-ietf-netmod-acl-model-14 is that
            acl-type remains acl-type.=C2=A0 acl-name became name.=C2=A0 =
But
            you're right- rule-name became name as well.=C2=A0 I will adj=
ust
            the text accordingly.<span style=3D"color:black"><o:p></o:p><=
/span></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
              style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;;color:black" lang=3D"EN-US">[Med] I guess you
              meant -15. I confirm that acl-type is to be changed too.
              Below an excerpt of the acl tree structure:
              <o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
              style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;;color:black" lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></sp=
an></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
              style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;;color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0 +--rw
              access-lists<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
              style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;;color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 +--rw
              acl* [name]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
              style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;;color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw
              name=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 string<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
              style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;;color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=
=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw
              type?=C2=A0=C2=A0
            </span><span
              style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;;color:windowtext">acl-type<o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>=C2=A0</o:p></=
span></p>
          <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">* This sen=
tence should be carefully updated as well: =E2=80=9C</span><span lang=3D"=
EN-US">With the exceptions of <span class=3D"insert">"name",</span> "acl-=
type", "rule-name", and TCP and</span><span style=3D"color:windowtext" la=
ng=3D"EN-US">=E2=80=9D.</span><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></pr=
e>
          <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">* I guess =
the examples should be checked to align with the new ACL structure. For e=
xample, </span><o:p></o:p></pre>
          <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">=C2=A0- =E2=
=80=9Cipv6-acl=E2=80=9D entries should be updated to =E2=80=9Cipv6=E2=80=9D=
=2E</span></pre>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    You're right.=C2=A0 I stand corrected.=C2=A0 And I spotted the error =
in the
    example.=C2=A0 Will correct.<br>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite"
cite=3D"mid:787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C612A@OPEXCLILMA3.corporat=
e.adroot.infra.ftgroup">
      <div class=3D"WordSection1">
        <div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0c=
m
          0cm 0cm 4.0pt">
          <pre><o:p></o:p></pre>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br>
            Which is the text I adjusted ;-)<span style=3D"color:black"><=
o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
              style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;;color:black" lang=3D"EN-US">[Med] Yes. I was
              referring to the examples.
            </span><span lang=3D"EN-US"><br>
              <br>
              <o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">=C2=A0- ad=
d =E2=80=9Cl3=E2=80=9D entry before =E2=80=9Cipv4=E2=80=9D and =E2=80=9Ci=
pv6=E2=80=9D.</span><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><br>
              I think this is done in the normative text but you're
              right- it needs to be correcte</span>d in the examples.<br>=

            <br>
            <br>
            <o:p></o:p></p>
          <pre><span style=3D"color:windowtext" lang=3D"EN-US">* It would=
 useful to add a justification why it is not recommended to support 'reje=
ct' action.</span><o:p></o:p></pre>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><br>
            Ok, I'll add some text.<br>
            <br>
            <span style=3D"color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
          <p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span
              style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Courier
              New&quot;;color:black" lang=3D"EN-US">[Med] Thank you. BTW,=

              wouldn=E2=80=99t you need a rate-limit action to =E2=80=9Cp=
rotect=E2=80=9D against
              exhausting Thing resources?
            </span></p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    I don't think that's appropriate at this point.=C2=A0 For one thing, =
it
    goes well beyond what many implementations can actually do.=C2=A0 For=

    another, it may be asking a bit much of the manufacturers to predict
    this sort of behavior, and it will be easy to get wrong.=C2=A0 I woul=
d
    suggest this be handled later as we get some additional operational
    experience.<br>
    <br>
    Eliot<br>
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Suresh Krishnan has entered the following ballot position for
draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-11: Discuss

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----------------------------------------------------------------------
DISCUSS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------

* Section 3.2.
This should be easy to resolve but I would like this to be disambiguated before
publication. RFC5844 specifies *two* different options for UDP encapsulation
IPv4-UDP and IPv4-UDP-TLV. Please clarify which of these modes is intended when
the Tunnel-Type is 4

4: PMIPv6-UDP.  This refers to the UDP tunneling encapsulation
         described in [RFC5844].





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> On Jan 24, 2018, at 12:34 AM, Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com> wrote:
>=20
> This update primarily focuses on two elements that were agreed during =
WGLC:
>=20
> The update to the ACL model.  That update has taken longer than I =
would have liked, but it is now at least close to finished.  Note: the =
MUD model does not yet match the published ACL model, but it does match =
the agreed changes that will be produced in the next ACL draft.
Does it?

Looking at the MUD example in Section 8 of the draft, I see that =
port/range is hanging off of ipv6 IP header. Per your comment, we moved =
the port under the =E2=80=98tcp=E2=80=99 header in the ACL model.

Also, the container "access-list-entries" had been renamed to =E2=80=9Cace=
s=E2=80=9D in an earlier version of the draft. Med has pointed out some =
other discrepancies, but in general, I would scrub the entire example =
one more time.

Cheers.

p.s. The updated ACL model tree looks like this now:

module: ietf-access-control-list
    +--rw access-lists
       +--rw acl* [name]
       |  +--rw name    string
       |  +--rw type?   acl-type
       |  +--rw aces
       |     +--rw ace* [name]
       |        +--rw name          string
       |        +--rw matches
       |        |  +--rw (l2)?
       |        |  |  +--:(eth)
       |        |  |     +--rw eth {match-on-eth}?
       |        |  |        +--rw destination-mac-address?
       |        |  |        |       yang:mac-address
       |        |  |        +--rw destination-mac-address-mask?
       |        |  |        |       yang:mac-address
       |        |  |        +--rw source-mac-address?
       |        |  |        |       yang:mac-address
       |        |  |        +--rw source-mac-address-mask?
       |        |  |        |       yang:mac-address
       |        |  |        +--rw ethertype?
       |        |  |                eth:ethertype
       |        |  +--rw (l3)?
       |        |  |  +--:(ipv4)
       |        |  |  |  +--rw ipv4 {match-on-ipv4}?
       |        |  |  |     +--rw dscp?                       inet:dscp
       |        |  |  |     +--rw ecn?                        uint8
       |        |  |  |     +--rw length?                     uint16
       |        |  |  |     +--rw ttl?                        uint8
       |        |  |  |     +--rw protocol?                   uint8
       |        |  |  |     +--rw ihl?                        uint8
       |        |  |  |     +--rw flags?                      bits
       |        |  |  |     +--rw offset?                     uint16
       |        |  |  |     +--rw identification?             uint16
       |        |  |  |     +--rw (destination-network)?
       |        |  |  |     |  +--:(destination-ipv4-network)
       |        |  |  |     |     +--rw destination-ipv4-network?
       |        |  |  |     |             inet:ipv4-prefix
       |        |  |  |     +--rw (source-network)?
       |        |  |  |        +--:(source-ipv4-network)
       |        |  |  |           +--rw source-ipv4-network?
       |        |  |  |                   inet:ipv4-prefix
       |        |  |  +--:(ipv6)
       |        |  |     +--rw ipv6 {match-on-ipv6}?
       |        |  |        +--rw dscp?                       inet:dscp
       |        |  |        +--rw ecn?                        uint8
       |        |  |        +--rw length?                     uint16
       |        |  |        +--rw ttl?                        uint8
       |        |  |        +--rw protocol?                   uint8
       |        |  |        +--rw (destination-network)?
       |        |  |        |  +--:(destination-ipv6-network)
       |        |  |        |     +--rw destination-ipv6-network?
       |        |  |        |             inet:ipv6-prefix
       |        |  |        +--rw (source-network)?
       |        |  |        |  +--:(source-ipv6-network)
       |        |  |        |     +--rw source-ipv6-network?
       |        |  |        |             inet:ipv6-prefix
       |        |  |        +--rw flow-label?
       |        |  |                inet:ipv6-flow-label
       |        |  +--rw (l4)?
       |        |  |  +--:(tcp)
       |        |  |  |  +--rw tcp {match-on-tcp}?
       |        |  |  |     +--rw sequence-number?
       |        |  |  |     |       uint32
       |        |  |  |     +--rw acknowledgement-number?
       |        |  |  |     |       uint32
       |        |  |  |     +--rw data-offset?
       |        |  |  |     |       uint8
       |        |  |  |     +--rw reserved?
       |        |  |  |     |       uint8
       |        |  |  |     +--rw flags?
       |        |  |  |     |       bits
       |        |  |  |     +--rw window-size?
       |        |  |  |     |       uint16
       |        |  |  |     +--rw urgent-pointer?
       |        |  |  |     |       uint16
       |        |  |  |     +--rw options?
       |        |  |  |     |       uint32
       |        |  |  |     +--rw (source-port)?
       |        |  |  |     |  +--:(source-port-range-or-operator)
       |        |  |  |     |     +--rw source-port-range-or-operator
       |        |  |  |     |        +--rw (port-range-or-operator)?
       |        |  |  |     |           +--:(range)
       |        |  |  |     |           |  +--rw lower-port
       |        |  |  |     |           |  |       inet:port-number
       |        |  |  |     |           |  +--rw upper-port
       |        |  |  |     |           |          inet:port-number
       |        |  |  |     |           +--:(operator)
       |        |  |  |     |              +--rw operator?     operator
       |        |  |  |     |              +--rw port
       |        |  |  |     |                      inet:port-number
       |        |  |  |     +--rw (destination-port)?
       |        |  |  |        +--:(destination-port-range-or-operator)
       |        |  |  |           +--rw destination-port-range-or-opera
tor
       |        |  |  |              +--rw (port-range-or-operator)?
       |        |  |  |                 +--:(range)
       |        |  |  |                 |  +--rw lower-port
       |        |  |  |                 |  |       inet:port-number
       |        |  |  |                 |  +--rw upper-port
       |        |  |  |                 |          inet:port-number
       |        |  |  |                 +--:(operator)
       |        |  |  |                    +--rw operator?     operator
       |        |  |  |                    +--rw port
       |        |  |  |                            inet:port-number
       |        |  |  +--:(udp)
       |        |  |  |  +--rw udp {match-on-udp}?
       |        |  |  |     +--rw length?
       |        |  |  |     |       uint16
       |        |  |  |     +--rw (source-port)?
       |        |  |  |     |  +--:(source-port-range-or-operator)
       |        |  |  |     |     +--rw source-port-range-or-operator
       |        |  |  |     |        +--rw (port-range-or-operator)?
       |        |  |  |     |           +--:(range)
       |        |  |  |     |           |  +--rw lower-port
       |        |  |  |     |           |  |       inet:port-number
       |        |  |  |     |           |  +--rw upper-port
       |        |  |  |     |           |          inet:port-number
       |        |  |  |     |           +--:(operator)
       |        |  |  |     |              +--rw operator?     operator
       |        |  |  |     |              +--rw port
       |        |  |  |     |                      inet:port-number
       |        |  |  |     +--rw (destination-port)?
       |        |  |  |        +--:(destination-port-range-or-operator)
       |        |  |  |           +--rw destination-port-range-or-opera
tor
       |        |  |  |              +--rw (port-range-or-operator)?
       |        |  |  |                 +--:(range)
       |        |  |  |                 |  +--rw lower-port
       |        |  |  |                 |  |       inet:port-number
       |        |  |  |                 |  +--rw upper-port
       |        |  |  |                 |          inet:port-number
       |        |  |  |                 +--:(operator)
       |        |  |  |                    +--rw operator?     operator
       |        |  |  |                    +--rw port
       |        |  |  |                            inet:port-number
       |        |  |  +--:(icmp)
       |        |  |     +--rw icmp {match-on-icmp}?
       |        |  |        +--rw type?             uint8
       |        |  |        +--rw code?             uint8
       |        |  |        +--rw rest-of-header?   uint32
       |        |  +--rw egress-interface?    if:interface-ref
       |        |  +--rw ingress-interface?   if:interface-ref
       |        +--rw actions
       |        |  +--rw forwarding    identityref
       |        |  +--rw logging?      identityref
       |        +--ro statistics {acl-aggregate-stats}?
       |           +--ro matched-packets?   yang:counter64
       |           +--ro matched-octets?    yang:counter64
       +--rw attachment-points
          +--rw interface* [interface-id] {interface-attachment}?
             +--rw interface-id    if:interface-ref
             +--rw ingress
             |  +--rw acl-sets
             |     +--rw acl-set* [name]
             |        +--rw name
             |        |       -> ../../../../../../acl/name
             |        +--ro ace-statistics* [name] {interface-stats}?
             |           +--ro name               leafref
             |           +--ro matched-packets?   yang:counter64
             |           +--ro matched-octets?    yang:counter64
             +--rw egress
                +--rw acl-sets
                   +--rw acl-set* [name]
                      +--rw name
                      |       -> ../../../../../../acl/name
                      +--ro ace-statistics* [name] {interface-stats}?
                         +--ro name               leafref
                         +--ro matched-packets?   yang:counter64
                         +--ro matched-octets?    yang:counter64
> Mark Nottingham had commented that it is not appropriate to have =
versioning information in the MUD-URL itself, but that it should be in =
the model.  We agreed on this change, as well as some wording around how =
HTTP is handled.
> Based on these changes, I would like to move this document forward to =
IETF LC.
>=20
> Eliot
>=20
> On 24.01.18 09:29, internet-drafts@ietf.org =
<mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org> wrote:
>> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts =
directories.
>> This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area =
Working Group WG of the IETF.
>>=20
>>         Title           : Manufacturer Usage Description =
Specification
>>         Authors         : Eliot Lear
>>                           Ralph Droms
>>                           Dan Romascanu
>> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
>> 	Pages           : 56
>> 	Date            : 2018-01-24
>>=20
>> Abstract:
>>    This memo specifies a component-based architecture for =
manufacturer
>>    usage descriptions (MUD).  The goal of MUD is to provide a means =
for
>>    Things to signal to the network what sort of access and network
>>    functionality they require to properly function.  The initial =
focus
>>    is on access control.  Later work can delve into other aspects.
>>=20
>>    This memo specifies two YANG modules, IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP options, =
an
>>    LLDP TLV, a URL suffix specification, an X.509 certificate =
extension
>>    and a means to sign and verify the descriptions.
>>=20
>>=20
>> The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
>> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud/ =
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud/>
>>=20
>> There are also htmlized versions available at:
>> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14 =
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14>
>> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14 =
<https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14>
>>=20
>> A diff from the previous version is available at:
>> https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14 =
<https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14>
>>=20
>>=20
>> Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of =
submission
>> until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.
>>=20
>> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
>> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/ =
<ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/>
>>=20
>> _______________________________________________
>> OPSAWG mailing list
>> OPSAWG@ietf.org <mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org>
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg =
<https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg>
>>=20
>=20

Mahesh Jethanandani
mjethanandani@gmail.com


--Apple-Mail=_11393CC9-5192-4248-98EF-7B930AB4AF30
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset=utf-8

<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dutf-8"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=3D""><br =
class=3D""><div><br class=3D""><blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D""><div =
class=3D"">On Jan 24, 2018, at 12:34 AM, Eliot Lear &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:lear@cisco.com" class=3D"">lear@cisco.com</a>&gt; =
wrote:</div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=3D"">
 =20
    <meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dutf-8" class=3D"">
 =20
  <div text=3D"#000000" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" class=3D""><p class=3D"">This =
update primarily focuses on two elements that were agreed
      during WGLC:</p>
    <ul class=3D"">
      <li class=3D"">The update to the ACL model.&nbsp; That update has =
taken longer
        than I would have liked, but it is now at least close to
        finished.&nbsp; Note: the MUD model does not yet match the =
published
        ACL model, but it does match the agreed changes that will be
        produced in the next ACL =
draft.</li></ul></div></div></blockquote>Does it?</div><div><br =
class=3D""></div><div>Looking at the MUD example in Section 8 of the =
draft, I see that port/range is hanging off of ipv6 IP header. Per your =
comment, we moved the port under the =E2=80=98tcp=E2=80=99 header in the =
ACL model.</div><div><br class=3D""></div><div>Also, the container =
"access-list-entries" had been renamed to =E2=80=9Caces=E2=80=9D in an =
earlier version of the draft. Med has pointed out some other =
discrepancies, but in general, I would scrub the entire example one more =
time.</div><div><br class=3D""></div><div>Cheers.</div><div><br =
class=3D""></div><div>p.s. The updated ACL model tree looks like this =
now:</div><div><br class=3D""></div><div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">module: =
ietf-access-control-list</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp; =
&nbsp; +--rw access-lists</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw acl* [name]</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw =
name&nbsp; &nbsp; string</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw type? &nbsp; =
acl-type</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw =
aces</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw ace* =
[name]</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
name&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; string</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw matches</span></div><div style=3D"margin: =
0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; =
font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; +--rw (l2)?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; +--:(eth)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw eth {match-on-eth}?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
destination-mac-address?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
yang:mac-address</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
destination-mac-address-mask?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
yang:mac-address</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
source-mac-address?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
yang:mac-address</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
source-mac-address-mask?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
yang:mac-address</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw ethertype?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; eth:ethertype</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; +--rw (l3)?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; +--:(ipv4)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw ipv4 {match-on-ipv4}?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw dscp? &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
inet:dscp</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw ecn?&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
uint8</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw length? &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uint16</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw ttl?&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; uint8</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw protocol? &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uint8</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw ihl?&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; uint8</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw flags?&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; bits</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw offset? =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
uint16</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw identification? &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uint16</span></div><div style=3D"margin: =
0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; =
font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
(destination-network)?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
+--:(destination-ipv4-network)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
destination-ipv4-network?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; inet:ipv4-prefix</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw (source-network)?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
+--:(source-ipv4-network)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
source-ipv4-network?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; inet:ipv4-prefix</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; +--:(ipv6)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw ipv6 {match-on-ipv6}?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw dscp? =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; inet:dscp</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw ecn?&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
uint8</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw length? &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uint16</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
ttl?&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uint8</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw protocol? &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uint8</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
(destination-network)?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
+--:(destination-ipv6-network)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
destination-ipv6-network?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; inet:ipv6-prefix</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
(source-network)?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
+--:(source-ipv6-network)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
source-ipv6-network?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; inet:ipv6-prefix</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw flow-label?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; inet:ipv6-flow-label</span></div><div style=3D"margin: =
0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; =
font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; +--rw (l4)?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; +--:(tcp)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw tcp {match-on-tcp}?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
sequence-number?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
uint32</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
acknowledgement-number?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
uint32</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw data-offset?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; uint8</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw reserved?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; uint8</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw flags?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; bits</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw window-size?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; uint16</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw urgent-pointer?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; uint16</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw options?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; uint32</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw (source-port)?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
+--:(source-port-range-or-operator)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: =
0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; =
font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
source-port-range-or-operator</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
(port-range-or-operator)?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
+--:(range)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; +--rw lower-port</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; inet:port-number</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw upper-port</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
inet:port-number</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
+--:(operator)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw operator? &nbsp; &nbsp; operator</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw port</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
inet:port-number</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
(destination-port)?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
+--:(destination-port-range-or-operator)</span></div><div style=3D"margin:=
 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; =
font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
destination-port-range-or-opera</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">tor</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
(port-range-or-operator)?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; +--:(range)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw lower-port</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; inet:port-number</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw upper-port</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
inet:port-number</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; +--:(operator)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw operator? &nbsp; &nbsp; operator</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw port</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
inet:port-number</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; +--:(udp)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw udp {match-on-udp}?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
length?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
uint16</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw (source-port)?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
+--:(source-port-range-or-operator)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: =
0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; =
font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
source-port-range-or-operator</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
(port-range-or-operator)?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
+--:(range)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; +--rw lower-port</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; inet:port-number</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw upper-port</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
inet:port-number</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
+--:(operator)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw operator? &nbsp; &nbsp; operator</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw port</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
inet:port-number</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
(destination-port)?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
+--:(destination-port-range-or-operator)</span></div><div style=3D"margin:=
 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; =
font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" =
class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
destination-port-range-or-opera</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">tor</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
(port-range-or-operator)?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; +--:(range)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw lower-port</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; inet:port-number</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw upper-port</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
inet:port-number</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; +--:(operator)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw operator? &nbsp; &nbsp; operator</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw port</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
inet:port-number</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; |&nbsp; +--:(icmp)</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw icmp {match-on-icmp}?</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw type? =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uint8</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw code? =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; uint8</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
rest-of-header? &nbsp; uint32</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; +--rw egress-interface?&nbsp; &nbsp; =
if:interface-ref</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; +--rw ingress-interface? &nbsp; =
if:interface-ref</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
actions</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
|&nbsp; +--rw forwarding&nbsp; &nbsp; identityref</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw logging?&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
identityref</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--ro =
statistics {acl-aggregate-stats}?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; +--ro matched-packets? &nbsp; yang:counter64</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--ro matched-octets?&nbsp; &nbsp; =
yang:counter64</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
attachment-points</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw interface* [interface-id] =
{interface-attachment}?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
interface-id&nbsp; &nbsp; if:interface-ref</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; +--rw ingress</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; +--rw =
acl-sets</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; =
&nbsp; +--rw acl-set* [name]</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw name</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -&gt; =
../../../../../../acl/name</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; |&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--ro ace-statistics* [name] =
{interface-stats}?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--ro name &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; leafref</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--ro matched-packets? &nbsp; =
yang:counter64</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--ro matched-octets?&nbsp; &nbsp; =
yang:counter64</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
egress</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--rw =
acl-sets</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; +--rw acl-set* [name]</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
+--rw name</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; =
font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; | =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; -&gt; ../../../../../../acl/name</span></div><div =
style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; =
line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, =
255);" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: =
no-common-ligatures" class=3D"">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--ro ace-statistics* [name] =
{interface-stats}?</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--ro name &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; leafref</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; =
font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: =
Menlo; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--ro matched-packets? &nbsp; =
yang:counter64</span></div><div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: =
normal; font-size: 11px; line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; =
background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" =
class=3D"">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +--ro matched-octets?&nbsp; &nbsp; =
yang:counter64</span></div><blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D""><div =
class=3D""><div text=3D"#000000" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" class=3D""><ul =
class=3D"">
      <li class=3D"">Mark Nottingham had commented that it is not =
appropriate to
        have versioning information in the MUD-URL itself, but that it
        should be in the model.&nbsp; We agreed on this change, as well =
as
        some wording around how HTTP is handled.</li>
    </ul><p class=3D"">Based on these changes, I would like to move this =
document
      forward to IETF LC.</p><p class=3D"">Eliot<br class=3D"">
    </p>
    <br class=3D"">
    <div class=3D"moz-cite-prefix">On 24.01.18 09:29,
      <a class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" =
href=3D"mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org">internet-drafts@ietf.org</a> =
wrote:<br class=3D"">
    </div>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite" =
cite=3D"mid:151678258073.24096.1546664821566754428@ietfa.amsl.com" =
class=3D"">
      <pre wrap=3D"" class=3D"">A New Internet-Draft is available from =
the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working =
Group WG of the IETF.

        Title           : Manufacturer Usage Description Specification
        Authors         : Eliot Lear
                          Ralph Droms
                          Dan Romascanu
	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
	Pages           : 56
	Date            : 2018-01-24

Abstract:
   This memo specifies a component-based architecture for manufacturer
   usage descriptions (MUD).  The goal of MUD is to provide a means for
   Things to signal to the network what sort of access and network
   functionality they require to properly function.  The initial focus
   is on access control.  Later work can delve into other aspects.

   This memo specifies two YANG modules, IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP options, an
   LLDP TLV, a URL suffix specification, an X.509 certificate extension
   and a means to sign and verify the descriptions.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" =
href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud/">https://d=
atatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud/</a>

There are also htmlized versions available at:
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" =
href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14">https://tool=
s.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14</a>
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" =
href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14">ht=
tps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14</a>

A diff from the previous version is available at:
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" =
href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14">http=
s://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14</a>


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of =
submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at <a =
href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org" class=3D"">tools.ietf.org</a>.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" =
href=3D"ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/">ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-d=
rafts/</a>

_______________________________________________
OPSAWG mailing list
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" =
href=3D"mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org">OPSAWG@ietf.org</a>
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" =
href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg">https://www.ietf.org=
/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a>

</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br class=3D"">
  </div>

</div></blockquote></div><br class=3D""><div class=3D"">
<div class=3D"">Mahesh Jethanandani</div><div class=3D""><a =
href=3D"mailto:mjethanandani@gmail.com" =
class=3D"">mjethanandani@gmail.com</a></div>

</div>
<br class=3D""></body></html>=

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To: Mahesh Jethanandani <mjethanandani@gmail.com>
Cc: opsawg@ietf.org, Warren Kumari <warren@kumari.net>, Mark Nottingham <mnot@mnot.net>
References: <151678258073.24096.1546664821566754428@ietfa.amsl.com> <74177d27-9a95-c791-db77-be5bafee957d@cisco.com> <77A11041-5699-408D-90A9-0DDB0E79BF44@gmail.com>
From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/opsawg/2A_VQ9fklHlMZfSrIdDgXz4lKlk>
Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
To: Mahesh Jethanandani <mjethanandani@gmail.com>
Cc: opsawg@ietf.org, Warren Kumari <warren@kumari.net>,
 Mark Nottingham <mnot@mnot.net>
Message-ID: <82486ec7-5e33-1570-a4f2-4be56c231b2d@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
References: <151678258073.24096.1546664821566754428@ietfa.amsl.com>
 <74177d27-9a95-c791-db77-be5bafee957d@cisco.com>
 <77A11041-5699-408D-90A9-0DDB0E79BF44@gmail.com>
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IG90aGVyIGFzcGVjdHMuCj4+Pgo+Pj4gICAgVGhpcyBtZW1vIHNwZWNpZmllcyB0d28gWUFO
RyBtb2R1bGVzLCBJUHY0IGFuZCBJUHY2IERIQ1Agb3B0aW9ucywgYW4KPj4+ICAgIExMRFAg
VExWLCBhIFVSTCBzdWZmaXggc3BlY2lmaWNhdGlvbiwgYW4gWC41MDkgY2VydGlmaWNhdGUg
ZXh0ZW5zaW9uCj4+PiAgICBhbmQgYSBtZWFucyB0byBzaWduIGFuZCB2ZXJpZnkgdGhlIGRl
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Z2UgZm9yIHRoaXMgZHJhZnQgaXM6Cj4+PiBodHRwczovL2RhdGF0cmFja2VyLmlldGYub3Jn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=
--------------0ACDFEC61701A6FA66588B22
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html>
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dutf=
-8">
  </head>
  <body text=3D"#000000" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF">
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <br>
    <div class=3D"moz-cite-prefix">On 24.01.18 19:25, Mahesh Jethanandani=

      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite"
      cite=3D"mid:77A11041-5699-408D-90A9-0DDB0E79BF44@gmail.com">
      <meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Du=
tf-8">
      <br class=3D"">
      <div><br class=3D"">
        <blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D"">
          <div class=3D"">On Jan 24, 2018, at 12:34 AM, Eliot Lear &lt;<a=

              href=3D"mailto:lear@cisco.com" class=3D""
              moz-do-not-send=3D"true">lear@cisco.com</a>&gt; wrote:</div=
>
          <br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline">
          <div class=3D"">
            <div text=3D"#000000" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" class=3D"">
              <p class=3D"">This update primarily focuses on two elements=

                that were agreed during WGLC:</p>
              <ul class=3D"">
                <li class=3D"">The update to the ACL model.=C2=A0 That up=
date
                  has taken longer than I would have liked, but it is
                  now at least close to finished.=C2=A0 Note: the MUD mod=
el
                  does not yet match the published ACL model, but it
                  does match the agreed changes that will be produced in
                  the next ACL draft.</li>
              </ul>
            </div>
          </div>
        </blockquote>
        Does it?</div>
      <div><br class=3D"">
      </div>
      <div>Looking at the MUD example in Section 8 of the draft, I see
        that port/range is hanging off of ipv6 IP header. Per your
        comment, we moved the port under the =E2=80=98tcp=E2=80=99 header=
 in the ACL
        model.</div>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    Yeah, the example was blown.=C2=A0 Fixed in next release ;-)=C2=A0 Sa=
me with
    protocol.=C2=A0 It ended up in l4 when it should be l3.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite"
      cite=3D"mid:77A11041-5699-408D-90A9-0DDB0E79BF44@gmail.com">
      <div><br class=3D"">
      </div>
      <div>Also, the container "access-list-entries" had been renamed to
        =E2=80=9Caces=E2=80=9D in an earlier version of the draft. Med ha=
s pointed out
        some other discrepancies, but in general, I would scrub the
        entire example one more time.</div>
      <div><br class=3D"">
      </div>
      <div>Cheers.</div>
      <div><br class=3D"">
      </div>
      <div>p.s. The updated ACL model tree looks like this now:</div>
      <div><br class=3D"">
      </div>
      <div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">module:
            ietf-access-control-list</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 +--rw access-lists</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw acl* [name]</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw name=C2=A0 =C2=A0 string</span></=
div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw type? =C2=A0 acl-type</span></div=
>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw aces</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw ace* [name]</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw name=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 string</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw matches</spa=
n></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw (l2)=
?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +-=
-:(eth)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 +--rw eth {match-on-eth}?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw destination-mac-address?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 yang:mac-address</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw destination-mac-address-mask?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 yang:mac-address</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw source-mac-address?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 yang:mac-address</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw source-mac-address-mask?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 yang:mac-address</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw ethertype?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 eth:ethertype</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw (l3)=
?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +-=
-:(ipv4)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 +--rw ipv4 {match-on-ipv4}?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw dscp? =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            inet:dscp</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw ecn?=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            uint8</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw length? =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            uint16</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw ttl?=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            uint8</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw protocol? =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            uint8</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw ihl?=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            uint8</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw flags?=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            bits</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw offset? =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            uint16</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw identification? =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0
            uint16</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw (destination-network)?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--:(destination-ipv4-network)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw
            destination-ipv4-network?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 inet:ipv4-prefi=
x</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw (source-network)?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--:(source-ipv4-network)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw source-ipv4-network?</span></div=
>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 inet:ipv4-=
prefix</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +-=
-:(ipv6)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 +--rw ipv6 {match-on-ipv6}?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw dscp? =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            inet:dscp</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw ecn?=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            uint8</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw length? =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            uint16</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw ttl?=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            uint8</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw protocol? =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            uint8</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw (destination-network)?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--:(destination-ipv6-network)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw
            destination-ipv6-network?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 inet:ipv6-p=
refix</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw (source-network)?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--:(source-ipv6-network)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw source-ipv6-network?</span></div>=

        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 inet:ipv6-p=
refix</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw flow-label?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 inet:ipv6-flow-label</span>=
</div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw (l4)=
?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +-=
-:(tcp)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 +--rw tcp {match-on-tcp}?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw sequence-number?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 uint32</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw acknowledgement-number?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 uint32</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw data-offset?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 uint8</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw reserved?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 uint8</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw flags?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 bits</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw window-size?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 uint16</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw urgent-pointer?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 uint16</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw options?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 uint32</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw (source-port)?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0
            +--:(source-port-range-or-operator)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw
            source-port-range-or-operator</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw
            (port-range-or-operator)?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--:(range)</span></di=
v>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw lower-po=
rt</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0
            inet:port-number</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw upper-po=
rt</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0
            inet:port-number</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--:(operator)</span><=
/div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw ope=
rator? =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            operator</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw por=
t</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            inet:port-number</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw (destination-port)?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            +--:(destination-port-range-or-operator)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw
            destination-port-range-or-opera</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">tor</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw
            (port-range-or-operator)?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--:(range)</span=
></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw low=
er-port</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0
            inet:port-number</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw upp=
er-port</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            inet:port-number</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--:(operator)</s=
pan></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw =
operator? =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            operator</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw =
port</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            inet:port-number</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +-=
-:(udp)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 +--rw udp {match-on-udp}?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw length?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 uint16</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw (source-port)?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0
            +--:(source-port-range-or-operator)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw
            source-port-range-or-operator</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw
            (port-range-or-operator)?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--:(range)</span></di=
v>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw lower-po=
rt</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0
            inet:port-number</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw upper-po=
rt</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0
            inet:port-number</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--:(operator)</span><=
/div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw ope=
rator? =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            operator</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw por=
t</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            inet:port-number</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw (destination-port)?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            +--:(destination-port-range-or-operator)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw
            destination-port-range-or-opera</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">tor</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw
            (port-range-or-operator)?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--:(range)</span=
></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw low=
er-port</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0
            inet:port-number</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw upp=
er-port</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            inet:port-number</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--:(operator)</s=
pan></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw =
operator? =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            operator</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw =
port</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0
            inet:port-number</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +-=
-:(icmp)</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 +--rw icmp {match-on-icmp}?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw type? =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 u=
int8</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw code? =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 u=
int8</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw rest-of-header? =C2=A0 uint32</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw egre=
ss-interface?=C2=A0 =C2=A0 if:interface-ref</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw ingr=
ess-interface? =C2=A0 if:interface-ref</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw actions</spa=
n></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw forw=
arding=C2=A0 =C2=A0 identityref</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw logg=
ing?=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 identityref</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--ro statistics {=
acl-aggregate-stats}?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--ro matc=
hed-packets? =C2=A0 yang:counter64</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--ro matc=
hed-octets?=C2=A0 =C2=A0 yang:counter64</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw attachment-points</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw interface* [interface-id]
            {interface-attachment}?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw interface-id=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 if:interface-ref</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw ingress</span></div>=

        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 +--rw acl-sets</sp=
an></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw acl-=
set* [name]</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 +--rw name</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 -&gt; ../../../../../../acl/name</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 |=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 +--ro ace-statistics* [name]
            {interface-stats}?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 +--ro name =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 le=
afref</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 +--ro matched-packets? =C2=A0
            yang:counter64</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 +--ro matched-octets?=C2=A0 =C2=A0
            yang:counter64</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw egress</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw acl-se=
ts</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--rw=
 acl-set* [name]</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 +--rw name</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 | =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 -&gt; ../../../../../../acl/name</span></d=
iv>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 +--ro ace-statistics* [name]
            {interface-stats}?</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--ro name =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 leafref</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--ro matched-packets? =C2=A0
            yang:counter64</span></div>
        <div style=3D"margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 11px;=

          line-height: normal; font-family: Menlo; background-color:
          rgb(255, 255, 255);" class=3D""><span
            style=3D"font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures" class=3D=
"">=C2=A0=C2=A0
            =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 +--ro matched-octets?=C2=A0 =C2=A0
            yang:counter64</span></div>
        <blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D"">
          <div class=3D"">
            <div text=3D"#000000" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF" class=3D"">
              <ul class=3D"">
                <li class=3D"">Mark Nottingham had commented that it is
                  not appropriate to have versioning information in the
                  MUD-URL itself, but that it should be in the model.=C2=A0=

                  We agreed on this change, as well as some wording
                  around how HTTP is handled.</li>
              </ul>
              <p class=3D"">Based on these changes, I would like to move
                this document forward to IETF LC.</p>
              <p class=3D"">Eliot<br class=3D"">
              </p>
              <br class=3D"">
              <div class=3D"moz-cite-prefix">On 24.01.18 09:29, <a
                  class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
                  href=3D"mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org"
                  moz-do-not-send=3D"true">internet-drafts@ietf.org</a>
                wrote:<br class=3D"">
              </div>
              <blockquote type=3D"cite"
                cite=3D"mid:151678258073.24096.1546664821566754428@ietfa.=
amsl.com"
                class=3D"">
                <pre class=3D"" wrap=3D"">A New Internet-Draft is availab=
le from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working G=
roup WG of the IETF.

        Title           : Manufacturer Usage Description Specification
        Authors         : Eliot Lear
                          Ralph Droms
                          Dan Romascanu
	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
	Pages           : 56
	Date            : 2018-01-24

Abstract:
   This memo specifies a component-based architecture for manufacturer
   usage descriptions (MUD).  The goal of MUD is to provide a means for
   Things to signal to the network what sort of access and network
   functionality they require to properly function.  The initial focus
   is on access control.  Later work can delve into other aspects.

   This memo specifies two YANG modules, IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP options, an
   LLDP TLV, a URL suffix specification, an X.509 certificate extension
   and a means to sign and verify the descriptions.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/d=
oc/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud/" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">https://datatracker.i=
etf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud/</a>

There are also htmlized versions available at:
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://tools.ietf.org/html/dr=
aft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">https://tools.ietf.org/h=
tml/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14</a>
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/d=
oc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">https://datatr=
acker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14</a>

A diff from the previous version is available at:
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?u=
rl2=3Ddraft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">https://www.ietf=
=2Eorg/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14</a>


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submiss=
ion
until the htmlized version and diff are available at <a href=3D"http://to=
ols.ietf.org" class=3D"" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">tools.ietf.org</a>.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-dr=
afts/" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/</a>

_______________________________________________
OPSAWG mailing list
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href=3D"mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org" moz=
-do-not-send=3D"true">OPSAWG@ietf.org</a>
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/l=
istinfo/opsawg" moz-do-not-send=3D"true">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/lis=
tinfo/opsawg</a>

</pre>
              </blockquote>
              <br class=3D"">
            </div>
          </div>
        </blockquote>
      </div>
      <br class=3D"">
      <div class=3D"">
        <div class=3D"">Mahesh Jethanandani</div>
        <div class=3D""><a href=3D"mailto:mjethanandani@gmail.com" class=3D=
""
            moz-do-not-send=3D"true">mjethanandani@gmail.com</a></div>
      </div>
      <br class=3D"">
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

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From: Duzongpeng <duzongpeng@huawei.com>
To: Suresh Krishnan <suresh@kaloom.com>, The IESG <iesg@ietf.org>
CC: "draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel@ietf.org" <draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel@ietf.org>, Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>, "warren@kumari.net" <warren@kumari.net>, "opsawg-chairs@ietf.org" <opsawg-chairs@ietf.org>, Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Suresh Krishnan's Discuss on draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-11: (with DISCUSS)
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Date: Thu, 25 Jan 2018 03:05:46 +0000
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Suresh Krishnan's Discuss on draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-11: (with DISCUSS)
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From nobody Wed Jan 24 22:53:43 2018
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From: Adam Roach <adam@nostrum.com>
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Cc: draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel@ietf.org, Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>, warren@kumari.net, opsawg-chairs@ietf.org, zhoutianran@huawei.com, opsawg@ietf.org
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Subject: [OPSAWG] Adam Roach's No Objection on draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-11: (with COMMENT)
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Adam Roach has entered the following ballot position for
draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-11: No Objection

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----------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMENT:
----------------------------------------------------------------------

I have run out of time to fully review this document before the telechat, and
it is sufficiently outside my area of expertise that I do not believe that the
input I could provide is valuable enough to warrant deferring.

However, I want to put a fine point on Ben's comment ("§1, 3rd paragraph after
figure 1: We should avoid using lawful intercept as a justification for
protocol mechanisms.")  The IETF has a long-established policy in this area,
summarized in RFC 2804 as: "The IETF has decided not to consider requirements
for wiretapping as part of the process for creating and maintaining IETF
standards."

If you can remove the mention of lawful intercept from this document and the
justification for the described configuration still makes sense (as I believe
it does), please do so. If you think that the removal of lawful intercept from
this section tangibly changes the rationale for the design described in this
document, please let me know, and I'll change my position to DISCUSS while we
figure out what needs to happen.

Thanks!



From nobody Wed Jan 24 23:07:48 2018
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From: Duzongpeng <duzongpeng@huawei.com>
To: Ben Campbell <ben@nostrum.com>, The IESG <iesg@ietf.org>
CC: "draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel@ietf.org" <draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel@ietf.org>, Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>, "warren@kumari.net" <warren@kumari.net>, "opsawg-chairs@ietf.org" <opsawg-chairs@ietf.org>, Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Ben Campbell's No Objection on draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-11: (with COMMENT)
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From nobody Wed Jan 24 23:14:14 2018
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Subject: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working Group WG of the IETF.

        Title           : Manufacturer Usage Description Specification
        Authors         : Eliot Lear
                          Ralph Droms
                          Dan Romascanu
	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15.txt
	Pages           : 59
	Date            : 2018-01-24

Abstract:
   This memo specifies a component-based architecture for manufacturer
   usage descriptions (MUD).  The goal of MUD is to provide a means for
   Things to signal to the network what sort of access and network
   functionality they require to properly function.  The initial focus
   is on access control.  Later work can delve into other aspects.

   This memo specifies two YANG modules, IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP options, an
   LLDP TLV, a URL suffix specification, an X.509 certificate extension
   and a means to sign and verify the descriptions.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud/

There are also htmlized versions available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15

A diff from the previous version is available at:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


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From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
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Date: Thu, 25 Jan 2018 08:15:59 +0100
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15.txt
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15.txt
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Ok, here are the edits we discussed.=C2=A0 Also, mudmaker.org has been
updated to reflect these changes.

Eliot


On 25.01.18 08:14, internet-drafts@ietf.org wrote:
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts dire=
ctories.
> This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working=
 Group WG of the IETF.
>
>         Title           : Manufacturer Usage Description Specification
>         Authors         : Eliot Lear
>                           Ralph Droms
>                           Dan Romascanu
> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15.txt
> 	Pages           : 59
> 	Date            : 2018-01-24
>
> Abstract:
>    This memo specifies a component-based architecture for manufacturer
>    usage descriptions (MUD).  The goal of MUD is to provide a means for=

>    Things to signal to the network what sort of access and network
>    functionality they require to properly function.  The initial focus
>    is on access control.  Later work can delve into other aspects.
>
>    This memo specifies two YANG modules, IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP options, an=

>    LLDP TLV, a URL suffix specification, an X.509 certificate extension=

>    and a means to sign and verify the descriptions.
>
>
> The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud/
>
> There are also htmlized versions available at:
> https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15
> https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15
>
> A diff from the previous version is available at:
> https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15
>
>
> Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submi=
ssion
> until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.
>
> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
>
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg
>



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From: Duzongpeng <duzongpeng@huawei.com>
To: Adam Roach <adam@nostrum.com>, The IESG <iesg@ietf.org>
CC: "draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel@ietf.org" <draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel@ietf.org>, Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>, "warren@kumari.net" <warren@kumari.net>, "opsawg-chairs@ietf.org" <opsawg-chairs@ietf.org>, Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Adam Roach's No Objection on draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-11: (with COMMENT)
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To: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>, mohamed.boucadair@orange.com
Cc: Mahesh Jethanandani <mjethanandani@gmail.com>, "Saswat Praharaj (saspraha)" <saspraha@cisco.com>, "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>, Mark Nottingham <mnot@mnot.net>
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From: Joe Clarke <jclarke@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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On 1/24/18 06:24, Eliot Lear wrote:
> 
> 
> On 24.01.18 12:20, Joe Clarke wrote:
>> Is there a reason why they wouldn't be mandatory?  Seems like
>> these data would be readily available and having them would make
>> a number of use case cases possible.
> 
> Yes, there is.  If the MUD-URL is "burned in" via 802.1AR and the 
> software can be updated, then one oughtn't provide software
> information for the simple reason that it would be most likely
> wrong.  Hardware info?  Sure.  Software when using DHCP or LLDP?
> Sure.  But otherwise no.

Fair, but why not mandatory then for device-type, model-number, and
manuf-name?

Joe
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References: <151678258073.24096.1546664821566754428@ietfa.amsl.com> <74177d27-9a95-c791-db77-be5bafee957d@cisco.com> <787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C5FDD@OPEXCLILMA3.corporate.adroot.infra.ftgroup> <f3706db8-1dcf-1efa-5f4b-746166ae97e4@cisco.com> <49328c0f-e97e-4631-d962-3fc37497200d@cisco.com> <421f7436-c0f7-f945-25e2-fdb22c71dfbd@cisco.com> <c7193c44-b990-158c-96d2-55d0309d6bfe@cisco.com>
From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
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Date: Fri, 26 Jan 2018 11:59:03 +0100
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
To: Joe Clarke <jclarke@cisco.com>, mohamed.boucadair@orange.com
Cc: Mahesh Jethanandani <mjethanandani@gmail.com>,
 "Saswat Praharaj (saspraha)" <saspraha@cisco.com>,
 "opsawg@ietf.org" <opsawg@ietf.org>, Mark Nottingham <mnot@mnot.net>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
References: <151678258073.24096.1546664821566754428@ietfa.amsl.com>
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 <787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C5FDD@OPEXCLILMA3.corporate.adroot.infra.ftgroup>
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 <421f7436-c0f7-f945-25e2-fdb22c71dfbd@cisco.com>
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On 26.01.18 11:05, Joe Clarke wrote:
>
> Fair, but why not mandatory then for device-type, model-number, and
> manuf-name?

I think the argument should be the other way around.=C2=A0 Why should the=
y be
mandatory?=C2=A0 Making things mandatory makes them more fragile.=C2=A0 T=
o me
there really has to be value in adding that fragility.

Also, I've been persuaded to drop device-type because nobody can easily
define such a thing, and it requires serious consideration elsewhere
(like in t2trg).

Eliot


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References: <151678258073.24096.1546664821566754428@ietfa.amsl.com> <74177d27-9a95-c791-db77-be5bafee957d@cisco.com> <787AE7BB302AE849A7480A190F8B93300A0C5FDD@OPEXCLILMA3.corporate.adroot.infra.ftgroup> <f3706db8-1dcf-1efa-5f4b-746166ae97e4@cisco.com> <49328c0f-e97e-4631-d962-3fc37497200d@cisco.com> <421f7436-c0f7-f945-25e2-fdb22c71dfbd@cisco.com> <c7193c44-b990-158c-96d2-55d0309d6bfe@cisco.com> <420FC596-9CC5-4F40-AC40-0A77FD9C15CF@cisco.com>
From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
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Date: Fri, 26 Jan 2018 23:12:08 +0100
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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 "mohamed.boucadair@orange.com" <mohamed.boucadair@orange.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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Hi Saswat,

On 26.01.18 20:17, Saswat Praharaj (saspraha) wrote:
> Hi Eliot, > > Adding device information (manufacture/device-type etc.) =
in MUD
file provides visibility in network, in addition to policy. > If
visibility is not that important for MUD, we could have it as optional
parameters. > > IMHO, it=E2=80=99s important because MUD will not be the =
only
policy for the device and if admin has to apply other policies, he/she
needs to know what the device is. > Device manufacturer is the most
reliable source to provide information about the device. > > Based on
your comment > > > Yes, there is. If the MUD-URL is "burned in" via
802.1AR and the > > software can be updated, then one oughtn't provide
software > > information for the simple reason that it would be most
likely > > wrong. Hardware info? Sure. Software when using DHCP or LLDP?
> > Sure. But otherwise no. > > For this, it=E2=80=99s important that we =
have
version number in the MUD URL =E2=80=93 Either as v1, v2 or <software ver=
sion>
itself. > Device description and access policy may change when software
is upgraded. A newly released device with a different software version
may have different access pattern compared to older version of the device=
=2E
That's not quite what the version did, and hardcoding the MUD-URL is the
fundamental issue.=C2=A0 Remember, it's a GOOD thing to hardcode that URL=

into a cert because then it is the manufacturer making the assertion and
not the device itself.=C2=A0 But there are some attendant drawbacks, whic=
h is
why we have the other mechanisms.

Eliot


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-8">
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  <body text=3D"#000000" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF">
    Hi Saswat,<br>
    <br>
    On 26.01.18 20:17, Saswat Praharaj (saspraha) wrote:<br>
    <span style=3D"white-space: pre-wrap; display: block; width: 98vw;">&=
gt; Hi Eliot,
&gt;
&gt; Adding device information (manufacture/device-type etc.) in MUD file=
 provides visibility in network, in addition to policy.
&gt; If visibility is not that important for MUD, we could have it as opt=
ional parameters.=20
&gt;
&gt; IMHO, it=E2=80=99s important because MUD will not be the only policy=
 for the device and if admin has to apply other policies, he/she needs to=
 know what the device is.
&gt; Device manufacturer is the most reliable source to provide informati=
on about the device.
&gt;
&gt; Based on your comment=20
&gt;
&gt;     &gt; Yes, there is.  If the MUD-URL is "burned in" via 802.1AR a=
nd the=20
&gt;     &gt; software can be updated, then one oughtn't provide software=

&gt;     &gt; information for the simple reason that it would be most lik=
ely
&gt;     &gt; wrong.  Hardware info?  Sure.  Software when using DHCP or =
LLDP?
&gt;     &gt; Sure.  But otherwise no.
&gt;
&gt; For this, it=E2=80=99s important that we have version number in the =
MUD URL =E2=80=93 Either as v1, v2 or &lt;software version&gt; itself.=20
&gt; Device description and access policy may change when software is upg=
raded. A newly released device with a different software version may have=
 different access pattern compared to older version of the device.
</span><br>
    That's not quite what the version did, and hardcoding the MUD-URL is
    the fundamental issue.=C2=A0 Remember, it's a GOOD thing to hardcode =
that
    URL into a cert because then it is the manufacturer making the
    assertion and not the device itself.=C2=A0 But there are some attenda=
nt
    drawbacks, which is why we have the other mechanisms.<br>
    <br>
    Eliot<br>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

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From: Meral Shirazipour <meral.shirazipour@ericsson.com>
To: "draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt.all@ietf.org" <draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt.all@ietf.org>, "gen-art@ietf.org" <gen-art@ietf.org>
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Subject: [OPSAWG] Gen-ART Telechat Call review of draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-15
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I am the assigned Gen-ART reviewer for this draft. The General Area Review =
Team (Gen-ART) reviews all IETF documents being processed by the IESG for t=
he IETF Chair. Please wait for direction from your document shepherd or AD =
before posting a new version of the draft.

For more information, please see the FAQ at <http://wiki.tools.ietf.org/are=
a/gen/trac/wiki/GenArtfaq>.

Document: draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-15
Reviewer: Meral Shirazipour
Review Date: 2018-01-26
IETF LC End Date: 2017-12-04
IESG Telechat date: 2018-02-08

Summary: This draft is ready to be published as Informational  RFC .

Major issues:
Minor issues:
Nits/editorial comments:
-few occurrences: "pervassive"--->"pervasive"
-[Page 6], Sec 1.1, "were were built "---->"were built "
-[Page 12] , "scaleability"--->"scalability" x2
-[Page 16] , "unaccessible"--->"inaccessible"
-[Page 29] ,"depening"--->"depending", "permited"--->"permitted "
-[Page 31], "rasises"---->"raises", "encyption"---->"encryption", "visibilt=
y"--->"visibility"

Best Regards,
Meral
---
Meral Shirazipour
Ericsson Research
www.ericsson.com

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<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I am the assigned Gen-ART reviewer for this draft. T=
he General Area Review Team (Gen-ART) reviews all IETF documents being proc=
essed by the IESG for the IETF Chair. Please wait for direction from your d=
ocument shepherd or AD before posting
 a new version of the draft.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">For more information, please see the FAQ at &lt;http=
://wiki.tools.ietf.org/area/gen/trac/wiki/GenArtfaq&gt;.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"FR-CA">Document: draft-mm-wg-effect-en=
crypt-15<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Reviewer: Meral Shirazipour<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Review Date: 2018-01-26<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">IETF LC End Date: 2017-12-04<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">IESG Telechat date: 2018-02-08<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Summary: This draft is ready to be published as Info=
rmational&nbsp; RFC .<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Major issues:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Minor issues:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Nits/editorial comments:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">-few occurrences: &quot;pervassive&quot;---&gt;&quot=
;pervasive&quot;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">-[Page 6], Sec 1.1, &quot;were were built &quot;----=
&gt;&quot;were built &quot;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">-[Page 12] , &quot;scaleability&quot;---&gt;&quot;sc=
alability&quot; x2<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">-[Page 16] , &quot;unaccessible&quot;---&gt;&quot;in=
accessible&quot;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">-[Page 29] ,&quot;depening&quot;---&gt;&quot;dependi=
ng&quot;, &quot;permited&quot;---&gt;&quot;permitted &quot;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"FR-CA">-[Page 31], &quot;rasises&quot;=
----&gt;&quot;raises&quot;, &quot;encyption&quot;----&gt;&quot;encryption&q=
uot;, &quot;visibilty&quot;---&gt;&quot;visibility&quot;<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"FR-CA"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Best Regards,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Meral<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">---<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Meral Shirazipour<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Ericsson Research<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">www.ericsson.com<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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From: "MORTON, ALFRED C (AL)" <acmorton@att.com>
To: Meral Shirazipour <meral.shirazipour@ericsson.com>, "draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt.all@ietf.org" <draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt.all@ietf.org>, "gen-art@ietf.org" <gen-art@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Gen-ART Telechat Call review of draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-15
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Thanks Meral, we'll make these edits in the
working version.

Kathleen and Al

From: Meral Shirazipour [mailto:meral.shirazipour@ericsson.com]
Sent: Friday, January 26, 2018 8:32 PM
To: draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt.all@ietf.org; gen-art@ietf.org
Subject: Gen-ART Telechat Call review of draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-15

I am the assigned Gen-ART reviewer for this draft. The General Area Review =
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p-3A__wiki.tools.ietf.org_area_gen_trac_wiki_GenArtfaq-253E&d=3DDwQFAg&c=3D=
LFYZ-o9_HUMeMTSQicvjIg&r=3DOfsSu8kTIltVyD1oL72cBw&m=3DsWfwhEulYHN7F-HqzfSmx=
g30PDwIdzHEJzBX847Tydo&s=3DWMK_psXzG78XKTPKkxKERL8jUGz2kjGQQ6zfYyuLdMs&e=3D=
>.

Document: draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-15
Reviewer: Meral Shirazipour
Review Date: 2018-01-26
IETF LC End Date: 2017-12-04
IESG Telechat date: 2018-02-08

Summary: This draft is ready to be published as Informational  RFC .

Major issues:
Minor issues:
Nits/editorial comments:
-few occurrences: "pervassive"--->"pervasive"
-[Page 6], Sec 1.1, "were were built "---->"were built "
-[Page 12] , "scaleability"--->"scalability" x2
-[Page 16] , "unaccessible"--->"inaccessible"
-[Page 29] ,"depening"--->"depending", "permited"--->"permitted "
-[Page 31], "rasises"---->"raises", "encyption"---->"encryption", "visibilt=
y"--->"visibility"

Best Regards,
Meral
---
Meral Shirazipour
Ericsson Research
www.ericsson.com<https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttp-3A__www.=
ericsson.com&d=3DDwQFAg&c=3DLFYZ-o9_HUMeMTSQicvjIg&r=3DOfsSu8kTIltVyD1oL72c=
Bw&m=3DsWfwhEulYHN7F-HqzfSmxg30PDwIdzHEJzBX847Tydo&s=3DMAj9Fo89l-_oT0aSL2s-=
T7OEaU6j9LXukSDw-0rW2G0&e=3D>

--_000_4D7F4AD313D3FC43A053B309F97543CF490A6F2Fnjmtexg5researc_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
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xmlns:m=3D"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns=3D"http:=
//www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
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<div class=3D"WordSection1">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:black">Thanks Meral, we&#8217;ll make these edits in the
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:black">working version.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:black"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:black">Kathleen and Al<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;Courier New&quot;;c=
olor:black"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in =
4.0pt">
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in =
0in 0in">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot=
;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-s=
ize:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Tahoma&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"> Meral Sh=
irazipour [mailto:meral.shirazipour@ericsson.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, January 26, 2018 8:32 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt.all@ietf.org; gen-art@ietf.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Gen-ART Telechat Call review of draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-=
15<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">I am the assigned Gen-ART reviewer for this draft. T=
he General Area Review Team (Gen-ART) reviews all IETF documents being proc=
essed by the IESG for the IETF Chair. Please wait for direction from your d=
ocument shepherd or AD before posting
 a new version of the draft.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">For more information, please see the FAQ at &lt;<a h=
ref=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttp-3A__wiki.tools.iet=
f.org_area_gen_trac_wiki_GenArtfaq-253E&amp;d=3DDwQFAg&amp;c=3DLFYZ-o9_HUMe=
MTSQicvjIg&amp;r=3DOfsSu8kTIltVyD1oL72cBw&amp;m=3DsWfwhEulYHN7F-HqzfSmxg30P=
DwIdzHEJzBX847Tydo&amp;s=3DWMK_psXzG78XKTPKkxKERL8jUGz2kjGQQ6zfYyuLdMs&amp;=
e=3D">http://wiki.tools.ietf.org/area/gen/trac/wiki/GenArtfaq&gt;</a>.<o:p>=
</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"FR-CA">Document: draft-mm-wg-effect-en=
crypt-15<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Reviewer: Meral Shirazipour<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Review Date: 2018-01-26<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">IETF LC End Date: 2017-12-04<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">IESG Telechat date: 2018-02-08<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Summary: This draft is ready to be published as Info=
rmational&nbsp; RFC .<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Major issues:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Minor issues:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Nits/editorial comments:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">-few occurrences: &quot;pervassive&quot;---&gt;&quot=
;pervasive&quot;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">-[Page 6], Sec 1.1, &quot;were were built &quot;----=
&gt;&quot;were built &quot;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">-[Page 12] , &quot;scaleability&quot;---&gt;&quot;sc=
alability&quot; x2<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">-[Page 16] , &quot;unaccessible&quot;---&gt;&quot;in=
accessible&quot;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">-[Page 29] ,&quot;depening&quot;---&gt;&quot;dependi=
ng&quot;, &quot;permited&quot;---&gt;&quot;permitted &quot;<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"FR-CA">-[Page 31], &quot;rasises&quot;=
----&gt;&quot;raises&quot;, &quot;encyption&quot;----&gt;&quot;encryption&q=
uot;, &quot;visibilty&quot;---&gt;&quot;visibility&quot;<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"FR-CA"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Best Regards,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Meral<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">---<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Meral Shirazipour<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal">Ericsson Research<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?=
u=3Dhttp-3A__www.ericsson.com&amp;d=3DDwQFAg&amp;c=3DLFYZ-o9_HUMeMTSQicvjIg=
&amp;r=3DOfsSu8kTIltVyD1oL72cBw&amp;m=3DsWfwhEulYHN7F-HqzfSmxg30PDwIdzHEJzB=
X847Tydo&amp;s=3DMAj9Fo89l-_oT0aSL2s-T7OEaU6j9LXukSDw-0rW2G0&amp;e=3D">www.=
ericsson.com</a><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_4D7F4AD313D3FC43A053B309F97543CF490A6F2Fnjmtexg5researc_--


From nobody Mon Jan 29 17:12:12 2018
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Subject: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-12.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Operations and Management Area Working Group WG of the IETF.

        Title           : Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in CAPWAP
        Authors         : Rong Zhang
                          Rajesh S. Pazhyannur
                          Sri Gundavelli
                          Zhen Cao
                          Hui Deng
                          Zongpeng Du
	Filename        : draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-12.txt
	Pages           : 28
	Date            : 2018-01-29

Abstract:
   Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) defines a
   specification to encapsulate a station's data frames between the
   Wireless Transmission Point (WTP) and Access Controller (AC).
   Specifically, the station's IEEE 802.11 data frames can be either
   locally bridged or tunneled to the AC.  When tunneled, a CAPWAP data
   channel is used for tunneling.  In many deployments encapsulating
   data frames to an entity other than the AC (for example to an Access
   Router (AR)) is desirable.  Furthermore, it may also be desirable to
   use different tunnel encapsulation modes between the WTP and the
   Access Router.  This document defines extension to CAPWAP protocol
   for supporting this capability and refers to it as alternate tunnel
   encapsulation.  The alternate tunnel encapsulation allows 1) the WTP
   to tunnel non-management data frames to an endpoint different from
   the AC and 2) the WTP to tunnel using one of many known encapsulation
   types such as IP-IP, IP-GRE, CAPWAP.  The WTP may advertise support
   for alternate tunnel encapsulation during the discovery and join
   process and AC may select one of the supported alternate tunnel
   encapsulation types while configuring the WTP.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel/

There are also htmlized versions available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-12
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-12

A diff from the previous version is available at:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-12


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
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From nobody Mon Jan 29 18:26:32 2018
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Cc: draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel@ietf.org, Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>, warren@kumari.net, opsawg-chairs@ietf.org, zhoutianran@huawei.com, opsawg@ietf.org
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Subject: [OPSAWG] Suresh Krishnan's No Objection on draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-12: (with COMMENT)
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Suresh Krishnan has entered the following ballot position for
draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-12: No Objection

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----------------------------------------------------------------------
COMMENT:
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Thanks for addressing my DISCUSS.



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Subject: [OPSAWG] draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15 naming nit
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--001a113db17ab9bcfa0564049092
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In the acldns yang file I see


    augment "/acl:access-lists/acl:acl/acl:aces/acl:ace/acl:matches" {
       description
         "adding abstractions to avoid need of IP addresses";
       container mud {



This leads to a few annoying naming conflicts when the Yang file is used to
auto-generate java code. It would be convenient (although not necessary) if
the container name were changed to mud-acl (the way it used to be).

Sorry for nit-picking.

Regards,

--=20
M. Ranganathan

=E2=80=9CIf debugging is the process of removing software bugs, then progra=
mming
must be the process of putting them in.=E2=80=9D =E2=80=93 Edsger Dijkstra

--001a113db17ab9bcfa0564049092
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div><div><pre class=3D"gmail-newpage">In the acldns =
yang file I see<br></pre><pre class=3D"gmail-newpage"><br>    augment &quot=
;/acl:access-lists/acl:acl/acl:aces/acl:ace/acl:matches&quot; {
       description
         &quot;adding abstractions to avoid need of IP addresses&quot;;
       container mud {</pre><br><br></div>This leads to a few annoying nami=
ng conflicts when the Yang file is used to auto-generate java code. It woul=
d be convenient (although not necessary) if the container name were changed=
 to mud-acl (the way it used to be).<br><br></div>Sorry for nit-picking.<br=
><br></div>Regards,<br clear=3D"all"><div><div><div><div><br>-- <br><div cl=
ass=3D"gmail_signature"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div di=
r=3D"ltr"><div>M. Ranganathan<br><br><span style=3D"font-weight:400">=E2=80=
=9CIf debugging is the process of removing
 software bugs, then programming must be the process of putting them=20
in.=E2=80=9D =E2=80=93 Edsger Dijkstra<br></span></div><div><span style=3D"=
font-weight:400"><br></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</div></div></div></div></div>

--001a113db17ab9bcfa0564049092--


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To: "M. Ranganathan" <mranga@gmail.com>, opsawg@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15 naming nit
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15 naming nit
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Hi Ranga,

I understand this to be a tooling issue.=C2=A0 Nevertheless, I will rever=
t
the change back to mud-acl as we progress the draft.

Eliot


On 30.01.18 21:53, M. Ranganathan wrote:
> In the acldns yang file I see
>     augment "/acl:access-lists/acl:acl/acl:aces/acl:ace/acl:matches" {
>        description
>          "adding abstractions to avoid need of IP addresses";
>        container mud {
>
>
> This leads to a few annoying naming conflicts when the Yang file is
> used to auto-generate java code. It would be convenient (although not
> necessary) if the container name were changed to mud-acl (the way it
> used to be).
>
> Sorry for nit-picking.
>
> Regards,
>
> --=20
> M. Ranganathan
>
> =E2=80=9CIf debugging is the process of removing software bugs, then
> programming must be the process of putting them in.=E2=80=9D =E2=80=93 =
Edsger Dijkstra
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg


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<html>
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dutf=
-8">
  </head>
  <body text=3D"#000000" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF">
    <p>Hi Ranga,</p>
    <p>I understand this to be a tooling issue.=C2=A0 Nevertheless, I wil=
l
      revert the change back to mud-acl as we progress the draft.</p>
    <p>Eliot<br>
    </p>
    <br>
    <div class=3D"moz-cite-prefix">On 30.01.18 21:53, M. Ranganathan
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite"
cite=3D"mid:CAHiu4JMSvuSKdaQrwMx3-si4GX2PzTsxG1j6DNxS9rACh7Ur2w@mail.gmai=
l.com">
      <meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Du=
tf-8">
      <div dir=3D"ltr">
        <div>
          <div>
            <div>
              <pre class=3D"gmail-newpage">In the acldns yang file I see
</pre>
              <pre class=3D"gmail-newpage">
    augment "/acl:access-lists/acl:acl/acl:aces/acl:ace/acl:matches" {
       description
         "adding abstractions to avoid need of IP addresses";
       container mud {</pre>
              <br>
              <br>
            </div>
            This leads to a few annoying naming conflicts when the Yang
            file is used to auto-generate java code. It would be
            convenient (although not necessary) if the container name
            were changed to mud-acl (the way it used to be).<br>
            <br>
          </div>
          Sorry for nit-picking.<br>
          <br>
        </div>
        Regards,<br clear=3D"all">
        <div>
          <div>
            <div>
              <div><br>
                -- <br>
                <div class=3D"gmail_signature">
                  <div dir=3D"ltr">
                    <div>
                      <div dir=3D"ltr">
                        <div>
                          <div dir=3D"ltr">
                            <div>M. Ranganathan<br>
                              <br>
                              <span style=3D"font-weight:400">=E2=80=9CIf=

                                debugging is the process of removing
                                software bugs, then programming must be
                                the process of putting them in.=E2=80=9D =
=E2=80=93
                                Edsger Dijkstra<br>
                              </span></div>
                            <div><span style=3D"font-weight:400"><br>
                              </span></div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <br>
      <fieldset class=3D"mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
      <br>
      <pre wrap=3D"">_______________________________________________
OPSAWG mailing list
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href=3D"mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org">OPS=
AWG@ietf.org</a>
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/l=
istinfo/opsawg">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a>
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

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From nobody Tue Jan 30 14:33:46 2018
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Cc: The IESG <iesg@ietf.org>, draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel@ietf.org, opsawg-chairs@ietf.org, Tianran Zhou <zhoutianran@huawei.com>, opsawg@ietf.org, zhoutianran@huawei.com, warren@kumari.net, rfc-editor@rfc-editor.org
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Subject: [OPSAWG] Document Action: 'Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in CAPWAP' to Experimental RFC (draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-12.txt)
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The IESG has approved the following document:
- 'Alternate Tunnel Encapsulation for Data Frames in CAPWAP'
  (draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel-12.txt) as Experimental RFC

This document is the product of the Operations and Management Area Working
Group.

The IESG contact persons are Warren Kumari and Benoit Claise.

A URL of this Internet Draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-capwap-alt-tunnel/





Technical Summary

CAPWAP defines a specification to encapsulate a station's data frames
between the Wireless Transmission Point (WTP) and Access Controller
(AC). In many deployments it is desirable to encapsulate date
frames to an entity other than the AC (for example to an Access
Router).  This document provides a specification for this and
allows 1) the WTP to tunnel non-management data frames to an
endpoint different from the AC and 2) the WTP to tunnel using one
of many known encapsulation types.

Working Group Summary

There was no drama in the WG regarding this draft. The document was
originally WGLCed in 2014, and submitted for publication in early 2015. 
The WG then requested that the document to be returned to us, so that
we could merge it with another, related draft. This has been completed, 
and so we are resubmitting it.

Document Quality

Cisco has implemented this technology. A number of operators (including CMCC and AT&T) 
originally indicated that they need something like this, but it is unclear if this is actually being / going 
to be deployed.

Personnel

Tianran Zhou is the document shepherd.
Warren Kumari is the AD.


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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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Op 26-01-18 om 20:17 schreef Saswat Praharaj (saspraha):

> Adding device information (manufacture/device-type etc.) in MUD file pr=
ovides visibility in network, in addition to policy.

Also, besides ACL's, I believe it would also make sense to convey=20
bandwidth limitation information via MUD's (my Zigbee hub does not need=20
the full available bandwidth, especially not when it is compromised) and =

maybe even time constraints (only allow it to interact with the internet =

during office hours, or something like that).

I see several use cases for these features.

--
Marco





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From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] I-D Action: draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-14.txt
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Hi Marco,

I think this is an example opportunity for an extension.=C2=A0 Let's put =
that
together separately.=C2=A0 happy to work with you on it.

Eliot



On 31.01.18 10:07, Marco Davids (SIDN) wrote:
> Op 26-01-18 om 20:17 schreef Saswat Praharaj (saspraha):
>
>> Adding device information (manufacture/device-type etc.) in MUD file
>> provides visibility in network, in addition to policy.
>
> Also, besides ACL's, I believe it would also make sense to convey
> bandwidth limitation information via MUD's (my Zigbee hub does not
> need the full available bandwidth, especially not when it is
> compromised) and maybe even time constraints (only allow it to
> interact with the internet during office hours, or something like that)=
=2E
>
> I see several use cases for these features.
>
> --=20
> Marco
>
>
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> OPSAWG mailing list
> OPSAWG@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg


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<html>
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-8">
  </head>
  <body text=3D"#000000" bgcolor=3D"#FFFFFF">
    <p>Hi Marco,</p>
    <p>I think this is an example opportunity for an extension.=C2=A0 Let=
's
      put that together separately.=C2=A0 happy to work with you on it.</=
p>
    <p>Eliot</p>
    <p><br>
    </p>
    <br>
    <div class=3D"moz-cite-prefix">On 31.01.18 10:07, Marco Davids (SIDN)=

      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type=3D"cite"
      cite=3D"mid:a65e1fcc-82e4-c105-84b0-968ef36662ee@sidn.nl">Op
      26-01-18 om 20:17 schreef Saswat Praharaj (saspraha):
      <br>
      <br>
      <blockquote type=3D"cite">Adding device information
        (manufacture/device-type etc.) in MUD file provides visibility
        in network, in addition to policy.
        <br>
      </blockquote>
      <br>
      Also, besides ACL's, I believe it would also make sense to convey
      bandwidth limitation information via MUD's (my Zigbee hub does not
      need the full available bandwidth, especially not when it is
      compromised) and maybe even time constraints (only allow it to
      interact with the internet during office hours, or something like
      that).
      <br>
      <br>
      I see several use cases for these features.
      <br>
      <br>
      --
      <br>
      Marco
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <br>
      <fieldset class=3D"mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
      <br>
      <pre wrap=3D"">_______________________________________________
OPSAWG mailing list
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href=3D"mailto:OPSAWG@ietf.org">OPS=
AWG@ietf.org</a>
<a class=3D"moz-txt-link-freetext" href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/l=
istinfo/opsawg">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg</a>
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
  </body>
</html>

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From nobody Wed Jan 31 11:06:00 2018
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A new version (-16) has been submitted for draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt:
https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-16.txt


The IETF datatracker page for this Internet-Draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt/

Diff from previous version:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-16

Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the diff is available at tools.ietf.org.

IETF Secretariat.


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The ACL draft has various operators for ports, including eq, lte, gte

Does a compliant MUD implementation have to support all of these operators?
If ONLY eq is required to be supported (I hope ) , can this be stated in
the draft.

Given that port ranges can be specified I wonder why the other comparison
operators ( should exist but that is more a question for the ACL spec.

Thanks,

Ranga

--=20
M. Ranganathan

=E2=80=9CIf debugging is the process of removing software bugs, then progra=
mming
must be the process of putting them in.=E2=80=9D =E2=80=93 Edsger Dijkstra

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div><div><div>The ACL draft has various operators fo=
r ports, including eq, lte, gte<br><br></div>Does a compliant MUD implement=
ation have to support all of these operators? If ONLY eq is required to be =
supported (I hope ) , can this be stated in the draft.<br><br></div>Given t=
hat port ranges can be specified I wonder why the other comparison operator=
s ( should exist but that is more a question for the ACL spec.<br><br></div=
>Thanks, <br><br></div>Ranga<br clear=3D"all"><div><div><div><div><div><div=
><br>-- <br><div class=3D"gmail_signature" data-smartmail=3D"gmail_signatur=
e"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div>M. Ran=
ganathan<br><br><span style=3D"font-weight:400">=E2=80=9CIf debugging is th=
e process of removing
 software bugs, then programming must be the process of putting them=20
in.=E2=80=9D =E2=80=93 Edsger Dijkstra<br></span></div><div><span style=3D"=
font-weight:400"><br></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

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From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
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 "opsawg-chairs@ietf.org" <opsawg-chairs@ietf.org>
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Dear OPSAWG chairs,

Can I please have 10 minutes to talk about- AfterMUD, or those next
MUDdy steps, or the like?

Abstract as follows:

We anticipate the IETF LC to have completed on the base MUD draft.=C2=A0 =
We
have other work that we may wish to look to, in terms of next steps.=C2=A0=
 As
we have seen during last call, some have called for what amount to QoS
profiles.=C2=A0 Others have discussed leveraging the MUD file for other
informational elements.=C2=A0 I propose to start a discussion on both; ot=
hers
are encouraged to share their thoughts.

Thanks,

Eliot




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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] draft-ietf-opsawg-mud-15 ACL operators
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On 31.01.18 21:35, M. Ranganathan wrote:
> The ACL draft has various operators for ports, including eq, lte, gte
>
> Does a compliant MUD implementation have to support all of these
> operators? If ONLY eq is required to be supported (I hope ) , can this
> be stated in the draft.

All.=C2=A0 The MUD file augments the acl-model.=C2=A0 We are not varying =
off the
model in this aspect, nor do we really have a good way to do so.


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From nobody Wed Jan 31 14:20:32 2018
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A new version (-17) has been submitted for draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt:
https://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-17.txt


The IETF datatracker page for this Internet-Draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt/

Diff from previous version:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-17

Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the diff is available at tools.ietf.org.

IETF Secretariat.


From nobody Wed Jan 31 16:59:55 2018
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A new meeting session request has just been submitted by Tianran Zhou, a Chair of the opsawg working group.


---------------------------------------------------------
Working Group Name: Operations and Management Area Working Group
Area Name: Operations and Management Area
Session Requester: Tianran Zhou

Number of Sessions: 1
Length of Session(s):  2 Hours
Number of Attendees: 100
Conflicts to Avoid: 
 First Priority: nvo3 ippm rtgwg
 Second Priority: idr detnet



People who must be present:
  Benoit Claise
  Warren Kumari
  Joe Clarke
  Tianran Zhou
  Ignas Bagdonas

Resources Requested:

Special Requests:
  PLEASE NOTE: Combined OpsAWG / OpsAREA
---------------------------------------------------------


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Cc: IETF Discussion Mailing List <ietf@ietf.org>, draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt.all@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [OPSAWG] Christian's review of draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt-13
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I am using the side by side feature to review the differences between
draft-13 and draft-15.

I am commenting here on Kathleen's message, to check whether various
points are addressed.


On 1/5/2018 6:07 AM, Kathleen Moriarty wrote:
> Christian,
>
> Thanks for your review.  I'll respond inline to make sure we hit each
> point raised.  The next version posted may not address your points,
> but the subsequent update should and I expect to have that out soon.
>
> On Fri, Dec 8, 2017 at 11:25 AM, Kathleen Moriarty
> <kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:
>> Thank you, Christain and others for your reviews.  Our running draft
>> has addressed most comments received by mid-IETF week.  We are working=

>> on the others.  We also received some comments from Kyle Rose and
>> Brandon Williams and are working to address those as well.
>>
>> We'll respond on list when we get to this set of comments.
>>
>> Best regards,
>> Kathleen
>>
>> On Mon, Dec 4, 2017 at 11:23 AM, Christian Huitema <huitema@huitema.ne=
t> wrote:
>>> The high level summary is that draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt version 13 =
is
>>> significantly improved from previous versions, but that the document
>>> would benefit a lot from additional work. I am not convinced that the=

>>> sections on data center and enterprises belong in this specific docum=
ent
>>> - they seem too high level to bring serious information to readers.
>>> Maybe stage a separate document to survey enterprise issues in some
>>> depth? I also feel that section 7 is way too speculative for a survey=

>>> document.
> Section 7 was previously an appendix and maybe belongs back as an
> appendix, we need to figure that out.  There is one particular case
> that a commenter saw the value of access (where he didn't in most
> places) that we may need to figure out how to keep that in the body as
> helpful text.
OK, waiting for the next draft then.
>
> Since the comments on data center and enterprises is opinion, I'll
> leave the text in for now.  Thanks.
>
> ...
>>> 2.  Network Service Provider Monitoring
>>>
>>> Section 2, "Network Service Provider Monitoring", has been reorganize=
d
>>> to focus on management goals rather than simply provide a list of
>>> existing management tools. The description of the trouble shooting ta=
sks
>>> in section 2.2 is useful. It makes the point that "application server=

>>> operators using increased encryption should expect to be called upon
>>> more frequently to assist with debugging and troubleshooting", and th=
at
>>> could lead to some interesting work in the IETF.
>>>
>>> There is paragraph at the end of section 2.1.2, Troubleshooting, that=

>>> states that "the push for encryption by application providers has bee=
n
>>> motivated by the application of the described techniques." I think th=
at
>>> paragraph is misplaced. As far as I can tell, the application provide=
rs
>>> are first concerned with "content management" techniques that modify
>>> the data stream. Any change of content has the potential to generate
>>> bugs that are difficult for the application provider to fix. The seco=
nd
>>> concern is "ossification", when traffic characterization based on
>>> inferred features of the application traffic leads to adverse
>>> consequences when the application or transport protocols evolve. Neit=
her
>>> of those is directly relevant to the "troubleshooting" task. Maybe mo=
ve
>>> that paragraph higher in the document, e.g. in the introduction of
>>> section 2? If not that, then maybe move it to section 2.2.2, since on=
e
>>> purpose of application encryption is indeed to defeat differential
>>> treatment in the network.
> I see your point, but am hesitant to move the text up since there is
> no other general description text in that section heading and this
> just covers applications.  I want to comb through all of section 2
> again after this sweep of comments, so we may do a bit more to improve
> this as well within a wider scope of organizational changes.

A new paragraph got inserted at the end of section 2.1: "Vendors must be
aware that in order for operators to better troubleshoot and manage
networks with increasing amounts of encrypted traffic, ...". That
paragraph appears to use normative text, "must be enhanced", and loose
keywords like "reveal cleartext network parameters". I don't much like
the idea of a "diagnostic" document making specific recommendations
about the actual remedy.

Also, "vendors" is a strange word there, as it normally implies a
customer-vendor relation. AFAIK, there is no such relation between
application service providers like Netflix or Google and the managers of
specific networks.

I get the idea that troubleshooting is a distributed task, that
application providers could help network troubleshooting by providing
better tools, and that doing so would be in everybody's best interest.
But that can be said in a much simpler way than this additional
paragraph, without implying non-existing contractual relations, and
without mandating any specific outcome to the future discussions.
=20
>>> I find the discussion of load balancers in section 2.2.1 somewhat
>>> confusing. It seems to cover three functions: load balancers in data
>>> centers, load balancers integrated with the network, and a network
>>> management function that tries to maintain proper connectivity to
>>> anycast addresses services in the presence of mobility. It might be
>>> useful to move the discussion of "classic" load balancers to section =
3,
>>> and to discuss the problem of anycast continuity in a separate
>>> subsection. The anycast discussion seems to assume that the network
>>> operator alone has to deal with the supposed inadequacies of the
>>> application providers. It seems obvious that this problem would be mu=
ch
>>> better solved by improved handling of mobility in content distributio=
n
>>> networks, rather than by some complex machinery in the network itself=
=2E
>>> This might need to be stated.
I am reading draft-15, and this section is still very confusing. For
example, the text says that "Mobile operators deploy integrated load
balancers to assist with maintaining connection state as devices
migrate.  With the proliferation of mobile connected devices, there is
an acute need for connection-oriented protocols that maintain
connections after a network migration by an endpoint." Yet the
definition at the beginning of the section mentions "integrated load
balancers" as "integral part of the service provided by the server pool
behind that load balancer". To me, "integral part of the service"
implies that the load balancer and the server pool as managed by the
same entity, which is providing the application service. Yet, the
discussion after that seems to imply something rather different -- a
middlebox deployed by the network provider without coordination with the
application service provider.

I would really like to see that text rewritten.

And I stand by my original comment regarding use of anycast by CDN
providers. The current text assumes some unilateral action by the
network provider. It would be much more productive to explain why
anycast can be problematic in high mobility environments, and suggest a
future discussion on how to resolve the problem. For example, TCPM and
QUIC provide support for connection migration, which would probably
yield much better results than guesswork in the middle of the network.

>>> Section 2.2.2 on Deep Packet Inspection could state that it is very
>>> often possible to classify traffic based on analysis of the encrypted=

>>> data.=20
And now it does. Thanks.
>>> Audio stream, video streams and web traffic have very different
>>> signatures, even when encrypted. At the same time, it should also not=
e
>>> that many application providers are actively working to defeat the
>>> "unilateral" traffic classification enabled by these techniques,
>>> complementing encryption with various techniques like multiplexing or=

>>> padding. We could well observe an arms race between more powerful
>>> network based analysis and smarter application hiding.
>>>
>>> The discussion of performance enhancing proxies in section 2.2.3 stat=
es
>>> that "This optimization at network edges measurably improves real-tim=
e
>>> transmission over long delay Internet paths or networks with large
>>> capacity-variation (such as mobile/cellular networks)." This is not a=

>>> consensual statement. Operators do indeed hope that deploying such
>>> proxies will improve performance, but independent measurements have
>>> shown that such proxies often in fact degrade performance. The studie=
s
>>> that show improvement tend to be based on old network technologies, o=
r
>>> on ancient TCP stacks. If the authors want to keep a statement like
>>> that, they should add references to actual measurements. At a minimum=
,
>>> the text should note that many application providers disagree with th=
e
>>> assessment presented here, and that the development of encrypted
>>> transports such as QUIC is largely motivated by the desire to mitigat=
e
>>> the negative effects of such "performance-dehancing" proxies.
>  Do you have references to the studies you are referring to as that
> would be helpful.  Thanks.

I am searching for references. But I can propose text:

Not everybody agrees that "performance enhancing proxies" actually
enhance performance in the long term. Proxies are typically measured
against a nominal version of the transport protocol, and may fix issues
encountered in that protocol version in a specific environment. On the
other hand, by "taking responsibility" for the transport protocol,
proxies eschew the future benefits of transport protocol improvement in
the endpoints. For example, there is active research on better
congestion protocols, or better error recovery algorithms, including
algorithms better adapted to wireless networks. The resulting
improvements can be quickly deployed by means of system updates, or even
application updates in the case of transport protocols like QUIC.
Experience shows that network devices are not updated with the same
frequency. An up-to-date endpoint would have benefited from the protocol
updates, but would be stuck with the legacy performance if it must still
use the legacy "optimizer".

>>> The discussion of caching in section 2.2.5 correctly states the tensi=
on
>>> between network usage and application control. It could also state th=
e
>>> inherent privacy risk associated with network based caches: they will=

>>> provide a log of which users accessed what cached content. There is a=

>>> reference to draft-thomson-http-bc-01, but as far as I know the autho=
rs
>>> have abandoned it, in part because they could not solve the related
>>> privacy issues. In any case, that draft expired several month ago, an=
d
>>> the reference is probably not appropriate.
> Other comments led to that text being updated for the next version.
> The comments received took this as one of many examples, perhaps there
> is a better example that could be used instead of this draft?
>
>           Alternate approaches such as blind caches <xref
>           target=3D"I-D.thomson-http-bc"/> are being explored to allow =
caching
>           of encrypted content; however, they still require cooperation=
 between
>           the content owners or CDNs and blind caches and fall outside =
the scope
>           of what is covered in this document.  Content delegation solv=
es a data
>           visibility problem with the delegated cache, the impact remai=
ns for
>           the use case where HTTPS encryption limits visibility to offl=
oad from
>           congested links.

This was addressed in a separate thread, thanks.

But now, we get additional text in section 2.2.6 on content compression,
and a new section 2.2.7 on service function chaining.

The text in 2.2.6 basically says that when the network sees the same
segments used on multiple connections, it can compress them efficiently.
That's plausible, but just like in section 2.2.5 we have to note that
there is an explicit trade-off between compression and privacy. The
"segments" that could be compressed in 2.2.6 are pretty much the same as
the segments that could be cached in 2.2.5. Exposing them to the network
for compression has pretty much the same effect on privacy as exposing
them to the network for caching. The same caveats should apply.

The new section 2.2.7 describes "service function chaining", which is an
architecture for distributed implementation of services. We should
separate there the management function proper, which would distribute
functions already provided by the network provider, and a future
expansion of the network that would provide services currently offered
by application providers. Encryption actually marks a nice delimitation
between these two notions. Network providers may well convince some
application providers to make greater use of their "service functions",
but that's a business negotiation, not an architecture discussion. If
and when application providers decide to subscribe to the function
provided by the network, these application providers would devise ways
to expose the required data. Or then, maybe not.

I would suggest writing the section 2.2.7 in a rather different way.
Section 2.2 already discusses various functions that could be provided
by the network, or by the application providers, or by third parties
like CDN. We can not the trend to organize these functions under the
"service function chaining" architecture, and the general limitation
that if the functions are impacted by encryption in the current
architecture, they will remain similarly impacted after the network
provider adopts a "service function chaining" architecture. And leave it
at that.

>>> In section 2.3.3, Application Layer Gateways, I was wishing it would =
say
>>> something about IPv6. But then of course most IPv6 deployments today
>>> involve a form of NAT64...
> If you have text to suggest, we'd be happy to incorporate it.
"The deployment of IPv6 may well reduce the need for NAT, and the
corresponding requirement for Application Layer Gateways."

>
>>> Section 2.3.4 documents the "HTTP Header Insertion" technique. The
>>> relation between that technique and "Network Service Provider
>>> Monitoring" is unclear -- header insertion is certainly not a network=

>>> monitoring tool. It is also a highly controversial tool, as documente=
d
>>> for example in
>>> https://www.theverge.com/2016/3/7/11173010/verizon-supercookie-fine-1=
-3-million-fcc.
>>> I wonder whether it is appropriate to describe this at all in a docum=
ent
>>> dedicated to network management, and my simple suggestion would be to=

>>> just remove that section altogether. Failing that, the text needs to =
be
>>> modified to note the controversial nature of the process, and its imp=
act
>>> on privacy. The authors could also note that the function could be
>>> trivially implemented in the client's browsers if it was really neede=
d
>>> and approved by the users. There is no technical need to have anythin=
g
>>> like that "in the network".
> I see your point, but operators wanted this text in, so how about a
> modification to the last sentence to try to balance it out more?  As I
> read the text, it describes invasive uses, so I thought that it was
> clearly something the was not without controversy.
>
>          When HTTP connections are encrypted to protect users privacy,
> mobile network service
>           providers cannot insert headers to accomplish the, sometimes
> considered controversial, functions
>           above.
s/sometimes/often/?

>>> 3.  Encryption in Hosting SP Environments
>>>
>>> After examining network monitoring in section 2, the draft continues
>>> with an analysis of "Hosting SP Environments" in section 3, and secti=
on
>>> 4 describes "Encryption for Enterprises". I assume that the initials =
SP
>>> stand for "Service Provider" -- spelling it out would not hurt. I rea=
lly
>>> wonder whether these sections belong in the document at all, rather t=
han
>>> being published in separate documents. "Hosting Service Provider
>>> Environments" appears to be a subset of the general "Data Center"

>>> problem. It is true that some network providers also provide data cen=
ter
>>> services for their customers, but these network providers represent o=
nly
>>> a small fraction of the service hosting industry. Similarly, some
>>> network providers provide services to enterprises, but there is a wid=
e
>>> variety of enterprises. It is hard to believe that the authors of an
>>> individual draft have authority to speak at the same time about netwo=
rk
>>> services, data centers, and enterprises. In my opinion, it would be
>>> simpler to just excise section 3 and 4 from this draft, and use the
>>> content as input for specific drafts describing issues in data center=
s
>>> and enterprises.
>>>
> I'd prefer to keep these sections separate and think others feel the
> same way.  Hosted data centers can occur in several layers as well.  I
> work for a very large company that provides hosted infrastructure as a
> service, where others offer hybrid cloud options and other outsourcing
> options (application service providers, etc.) on top of this layer.
> It seems you may be thinking of this as a higher level of data center
> offerings than what is deployed in industry.  I'd prefer not to get
> into listing them out as we would certainly miss some and it could be
> a confusing list that doesn't help the point of the draft.  4 may not
> be just for enterprise outsourcing options as in the IAAS example
> provided.
I think these sections are weak, and do not bring much to the readers.
But I said that already.


>
>>> In any case, I am puzzled by the reference to Data Loss Prevention (D=
LP)
>>> in the introduction of section 3.1. Data exfiltration is indeed a
>>> security issue, but I knew it primarily as an issue in enterprise
>>> networks. It does indeed become an issue in data centers when an
>>> enterprise application is hosted outside the data center, but it is a=

>>> bit strange to see the first reference there. I already suggested to
>>> move section 3 and 4 out to a different document. Failing that, I wou=
ld
>>> suggest reversing the order of section 3 and 4, i.e., discuss enterpr=
ise
>>> issues first and data center issues next.
> I think it was contributed there as a result of offerings to
> customers.  Before removing it, we'd have to get confirmation that it
> isn't a service provided to many enterprises with outsourced
> solutions.  I am pretty sure I had confirmed this point previously as
> RSA offers multiple DLP solutions at several layers.  With a quick
> glance, RSA has cloud and data center buzz words in their product
> offering descriptions in addition to network and endpoint.

The new text is somewhat better. I wonder whether DLP would merit a
separate subsection.

Of course the really bad opponents started using encryption long ago,
well before the IETF's push for privacy. This is not exactly a new
problem. Also, I would expect them to use a variety of techniques to
disguise and hide their data streams. Hacking routers comes to mind.

>>> The discussion of Customer Access Monitoring in section 3.1.1 is a bi=
t
>>> strange. Most applications control customer access based on the custo=
mer
>>> identity, not based on the IP addresses of the customer -- the whole
>>> point of the "cloud" is that applications can be accessed from anywhe=
re.
>>> Some applications do perform additional checks, mainly as a defense
>>> against stolen credentials, and would attempt to block access if the
>>> network location does not look plausible for this specific user. Thes=
e
>>> are useful techniques, but the relation with encryption of data is
>>> somewhat thin. It seems to reinforce my point that data center issues=

>>> would best be discussed in a separate document.
>>>
> There are certainly access restrictions based on IP and protocol
> information, which a 5-tuple and a 2-tuple are often adequate.  If you
> are an administrator from a company who outsourced for infrastructure
> and some application support, management access of your customer
> application might be a simple example where this is still used.  Sure,
> users are mobile, but they could VPN to their company network and
> connect from an approved IP.  I think some of the use cases described
> are examples that are fine and encryption is a very small shift.  In
> some of the examples, they serve as possible ways forward for the
> other use cases that haven't adapted yet.  Boiling down the details
> and showing that log improvements and transaction monitoring
> improvements in the application or changes in protocols could ease
> this transition is important IMO.  It's been a helpful process for
> some of the participants and I hope it helps for future protocol
> development to engage in these tough discussions understanding the
> perspectives on either end of this debate better.
>
>>> The reminder of section 3 appears to be a high level tutorial on the
>>> operation of data centers. It is not clear that there is a particular=

>>> problem with encryption there. Indeed, I note that a lot of operators=
 of
>>> big data centers, such as for example AWS, Azure or Google, have
>>> voluntarily pushed for increased used of encryption. I don't learn mu=
ch
>>> by reading these sections, and I question whether they belong in the =
draft.
> I'll read through it again in a final sweep.  We haven't gotten
> complaints about this text, but I'll note your concern in my sweep.

In 3.2.1, you could be a bit more explicit about application logging,
and application manageability in general. Also, maybe not say that
"Application logging currently lacks detail..." Is that true of every
application? In general, I agree that it would be a good thing to
delineate the type of information that data center managers would like
to find in logs. Of course, logging too much has its own issues, such as
exposures to breaches of privacy or to lawsuits. It seems we need to
have a robust discussion leading to some kind of best practice document.
=20
>>> 4.  Encryption for Enterprises
>>>
>>> The discussion on encryption in enterprises would probably benefit fr=
om
>>> input by a variety of enterprise network managers. I found the
>>> discussion somewhat hard to read. It seems that the authors want to
>>> tackle three issues: the enterprise as a target for security attacks,=

>>> the enterprise as an application provider, and the enterprise as a
>>> network provider. These are discussed in sections 4.1.1, 4.1.2, and
>>> 4.1.3.
>>>
>>> The description of attacks in 4.1.1 is somewhat high level. It starts=

>>> from the statement that "A significant portion of malware hides its
>>> activity within TLS or other encrypted protocols" to draw a requireme=
nt
>>> to monitor encrypted traffic, when in practice there are many other
>>> monitoring points, from endpoint monitoring to data base activity log=
s
>>> to logs at network authentication servers -- as stated in the last
>>> paragraph of the section.
>>>
>>> The monitoring of application performance in enterprises appears
>>> strangely focused on the "IPv6 Destination Option Header (DOH)
>>> implementation of Performance and Diagnostic Metrics (PDM)". I
>>> understand that most big applications solve their monitoring need by
>>> implementing some form of telemetry, which is not affected at all by
>>> encryption, yet I see no mention of this telemetry approach in the
>>> discussion.
> Different data centers operate with different architectures and
> approaches. We'd be happy to get text from other network operators.
> I'll also do a sweep of this section and see if I can update it a bit
> more to help along these points. It may come in an update following
> the next one.

In 4.1.1 there is a discussion relative to BYOD and exfiltration.
Seriously? I mean, if I want to exfiltrate data with my phone, I can
simply copy the data on the phone, and then wait until I am outside the
enterprise network to exfiltrate it. The solutions that I have seen
working involve personalized watermarks in downloaded content and post
facto retribution against the leakers. That is, solutions designed
specifically for the problem, rather than massive fishing expeditions
through encrypted data...
>>> I had a hard time reading section 4.1.3, Enterprise Network Diagnosti=
cs
>>> and Troubleshooting. It seems to cover a variety of techniques meant =
to
>>> monitor application services without actually instrumenting the
>>> application, and as such is not very convincing.
> Yes, the problem conveyed to us is that there are way too many
> applications that do a poor job of providing troubleshooting data,
> that it is hard to get this to an improved state.  Since this was
> discussed a few years ago, I started putting comments on drafts to
> request text on logging to help in the long term.  The organizations
> with these issues have also started reaching out to offending
> application developers, but it a long road.  It is recognized that
> it's a better long term option.  I'll see what we can do with the text
> on this front.

OK. What don't you just say so? Proper monitoring of application
behavior requires proper instrumentation of the application. When
applications do not have an adequate instrumentation, managers often
resort to network-based monitoring. This is problematic when the traffic
is encrypted."

My concern is that if an application needs to be updated to allow
monitoring, it is much more beneficial in the long term to do that by
better logging, rather than by somehow weakening the encryption. We
should find a way to say that.

>>> The meat of section 4 appears to be in section 4.2, which is covering=

>>> the issue of data loss prevention, and generally detection of data
>>> exfiltration. Again, this is an issue that would be worth a specializ=
ed
>>> draft.
>>>
>>> 5.  Security Monitoring for Specific Attack Types
>>>
>>> Looks fine, and this review is already very long.
> Ack, thanks.
>
>>> 6.  Application-based Flow Information Visible to a Network
>>>
>>> Do we need this section at all? It seems that most of the information=

>>> could be captured by adding a small subsection to 2.1. Passive Monito=
ring.
> IPFIX was added at the request of Benoit to more fully cover network
> management protocols in the document.  Brian Trammell provided that
> text, so the next version will have an improved section 6.
>
>>> 7.  Impact on Mobility Network Optimizations and New Services
>>>
>>> This section appears to be a mix of replication of statements already=

>>> made in section 2, and some speculation on the effect of transport
>>> header encryption, such as deployed in Web RTC (SCTP over DTLS) or
>>> planned in QUIC. There are active discussions in the QUIC WG to provi=
de
>>> alternative to transport header inspection for RTT monitoring, and
>>> possibly also for packet loss monitoring.
>>>
>>> Contrarily to the rest of the document, this section seems speculativ=
e
>>> in nature. It discusses the possible effects of transport header
>>> encryption on the possible deployment of new services, which do not
>>> appear to be based on any IETF standard. I think the document would b=
e
>>> stronger if some of the content of section 7 was moved to the
>>> appropriate part of section 2, and if the speculative statements were=

>>> published as a separate document.
> We need to look at section 7 closer and will do so either in the next
> version or one that follows shortly there after.

It is much shorter now, and that's good.
>
>>> 8.  Response to Increased Encryption and Looking Forward
>>>
>>> Looks reasonable.
> Thanks for your review and helpful comments!  Would you be okay with
> an ack for your review and comments in the draft?
>
OK, as long as I am not presented as endorsing the weakening of
encryption...

-- Christian Huitema

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    <p>I am using the side by side feature to review the differences
      between draft-13 and draft-15.</p>
    <p>I am commenting here on Kathleen's message, to check whether
      various points are addressed.<br>
    </p>
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 1/5/2018 6:07 AM, Kathleen Moriarty
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">Christian,

Thanks for your review.  I'll respond inline to make sure we hit each
point raised.  The next version posted may not address your points,
but the subsequent update should and I expect to have that out soon.

On Fri, Dec 8, 2017 at 11:25 AM, Kathleen Moriarty
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com">&lt;kathleen.moriarty.ietf@gmail.com&gt;</a> wrote:
</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <pre wrap="">Thank you, Christain and others for your reviews.  Our running draft
has addressed most comments received by mid-IETF week.  We are working
on the others.  We also received some comments from Kyle Rose and
Brandon Williams and are working to address those as well.

We'll respond on list when we get to this set of comments.

Best regards,
Kathleen

On Mon, Dec 4, 2017 at 11:23 AM, Christian Huitema <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:huitema@huitema.net">&lt;huitema@huitema.net&gt;</a> wrote:
</pre>
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">The high level summary is that draft-mm-wg-effect-encrypt version 13 is
significantly improved from previous versions, but that the document
would benefit a lot from additional work. I am not convinced that the
sections on data center and enterprises belong in this specific document
- they seem too high level to bring serious information to readers.
Maybe stage a separate document to survey enterprise issues in some
depth? I also feel that section 7 is way too speculative for a survey
document.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">Section 7 was previously an appendix and maybe belongs back as an
appendix, we need to figure that out.  There is one particular case
that a commenter saw the value of access (where he didn't in most
places) that we may need to figure out how to keep that in the body as
helpful text.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    OK, waiting for the next draft then.<br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">

Since the comments on data center and enterprises is opinion, I'll
leave the text in for now.  Thanks.

</pre>
      ...
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">
2.  Network Service Provider Monitoring

Section 2, "Network Service Provider Monitoring", has been reorganized
to focus on management goals rather than simply provide a list of
existing management tools. The description of the trouble shooting tasks
in section 2.2 is useful. It makes the point that "application server
operators using increased encryption should expect to be called upon
more frequently to assist with debugging and troubleshooting", and that
could lead to some interesting work in the IETF.

There is paragraph at the end of section 2.1.2, Troubleshooting, that
states that "the push for encryption by application providers has been
motivated by the application of the described techniques." I think that
paragraph is misplaced. As far as I can tell, the application providers
are first concerned with "content management" techniques that modify
the data stream. Any change of content has the potential to generate
bugs that are difficult for the application provider to fix. The second
concern is "ossification", when traffic characterization based on
inferred features of the application traffic leads to adverse
consequences when the application or transport protocols evolve. Neither
of those is directly relevant to the "troubleshooting" task. Maybe move
that paragraph higher in the document, e.g. in the introduction of
section 2? If not that, then maybe move it to section 2.2.2, since one
purpose of application encryption is indeed to defeat differential
treatment in the network.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">I see your point, but am hesitant to move the text up since there is
no other general description text in that section heading and this
just covers applications.  I want to comb through all of section 2
again after this sweep of comments, so we may do a bit more to improve
this as well within a wider scope of organizational changes.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    A new paragraph got inserted at the end of section 2.1: "Vendors
    must be aware that in order for operators to better troubleshoot and
    manage networks with increasing amounts of encrypted traffic, ...".
    That paragraph appears to use normative text, "must be enhanced",
    and loose keywords like "reveal cleartext network parameters". I
    don't much like the idea of a "diagnostic" document making specific
    recommendations about the actual remedy. <br>
    <br>
    Also, "vendors" is a strange word there, as it normally implies a
    customer-vendor relation. AFAIK, there is no such relation between
    application service providers like Netflix or Google and the
    managers of specific networks.<br>
    <br>
    I get the idea that troubleshooting is a distributed task, that
    application providers could help network troubleshooting by
    providing better tools, and that doing so would be in everybody's
    best interest. But that can be said in a much simpler way than this
    additional paragraph, without implying non-existing contractual
    relations, and without mandating any specific outcome to the future
    discussions.<br>
     <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">
</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">I find the discussion of load balancers in section 2.2.1 somewhat
confusing. It seems to cover three functions: load balancers in data
centers, load balancers integrated with the network, and a network
management function that tries to maintain proper connectivity to
anycast addresses services in the presence of mobility. It might be
useful to move the discussion of "classic" load balancers to section 3,
and to discuss the problem of anycast continuity in a separate
subsection. The anycast discussion seems to assume that the network
operator alone has to deal with the supposed inadequacies of the
application providers. It seems obvious that this problem would be much
better solved by improved handling of mobility in content distribution
networks, rather than by some complex machinery in the network itself.
This might need to be stated.</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
    </blockquote>
    I am reading draft-15, and this section is still very confusing. For
    example, the text says that "Mobile operators deploy integrated load
    balancers to assist with maintaining connection state as devices
    migrate.  With the proliferation of mobile connected devices, there
    is an acute need for connection-oriented protocols that maintain
    connections after a network migration by an endpoint." Yet the
    definition at the beginning of the section mentions "integrated load
    balancers" as "integral part of the service provided by the server
    pool behind that load balancer". To me, "integral part of the
    service" implies that the load balancer and the server pool as
    managed by the same entity, which is providing the application
    service. Yet, the discussion after that seems to imply something
    rather different -- a middlebox deployed by the network provider
    without coordination with the application service provider.<br>
    <br>
    I would really like to see that text rewritten.<br>
    <br>
    And I stand by my original comment regarding use of anycast by CDN
    providers. The current text assumes some unilateral action by the
    network provider. It would be much more productive to explain why
    anycast can be problematic in high mobility environments, and
    suggest a future discussion on how to resolve the problem. For
    example, TCPM and QUIC provide support for connection migration,
    which would probably yield much better results than guesswork in the
    middle of the network.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">
Section 2.2.2 on Deep Packet Inspection could state that it is very
often possible to classify traffic based on analysis of the encrypted
data. </pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
    </blockquote>
    And now it does. Thanks.<br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">Audio stream, video streams and web traffic have very different
signatures, even when encrypted. At the same time, it should also note
that many application providers are actively working to defeat the
"unilateral" traffic classification enabled by these techniques,
complementing encryption with various techniques like multiplexing or
padding. We could well observe an arms race between more powerful
network based analysis and smarter application hiding.

The discussion of performance enhancing proxies in section 2.2.3 states
that "This optimization at network edges measurably improves real-time
transmission over long delay Internet paths or networks with large
capacity-variation (such as mobile/cellular networks)." This is not a
consensual statement. Operators do indeed hope that deploying such
proxies will improve performance, but independent measurements have
shown that such proxies often in fact degrade performance. The studies
that show improvement tend to be based on old network technologies, or
on ancient TCP stacks. If the authors want to keep a statement like
that, they should add references to actual measurements. At a minimum,
the text should note that many application providers disagree with the
assessment presented here, and that the development of encrypted
transports such as QUIC is largely motivated by the desire to mitigate
the negative effects of such "performance-dehancing" proxies.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap=""> Do you have references to the studies you are referring to as that
would be helpful.  Thanks.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    I am searching for references. But I can propose text:<br>
    <br>
    Not everybody agrees that "performance enhancing proxies" actually
    enhance performance in the long term. Proxies are typically measured
    against a nominal version of the transport protocol, and may fix
    issues encountered in that protocol version in a specific
    environment. On the other hand, by "taking responsibility" for the
    transport protocol, proxies eschew the future benefits of transport
    protocol improvement in the endpoints. For example, there is active
    research on better congestion protocols, or better error recovery
    algorithms, including algorithms better adapted to wireless
    networks. The resulting improvements can be quickly deployed by
    means of system updates, or even application updates in the case of
    transport protocols like QUIC. Experience shows that network devices
    are not updated with the same frequency. An up-to-date endpoint
    would have benefited from the protocol updates, but would be stuck
    with the legacy performance if it must still use the legacy
    "optimizer".<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">The discussion of caching in section 2.2.5 correctly states the tension
between network usage and application control. It could also state the
inherent privacy risk associated with network based caches: they will
provide a log of which users accessed what cached content. There is a
reference to draft-thomson-http-bc-01, but as far as I know the authors
have abandoned it, in part because they could not solve the related
privacy issues. In any case, that draft expired several month ago, and
the reference is probably not appropriate.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">Other comments led to that text being updated for the next version.
The comments received took this as one of many examples, perhaps there
is a better example that could be used instead of this draft?

          Alternate approaches such as blind caches &lt;xref
          target="I-D.thomson-http-bc"/&gt; are being explored to allow caching
          of encrypted content; however, they still require cooperation between
          the content owners or CDNs and blind caches and fall outside the scope
          of what is covered in this document.  Content delegation solves a data
          visibility problem with the delegated cache, the impact remains for
          the use case where HTTPS encryption limits visibility to offload from
          congested links.
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    This was addressed in a separate thread, thanks.<br>
    <br>
    But now, we get additional text in section 2.2.6 on content
    compression, and a new section 2.2.7 on service function chaining.<br>
    <br>
    The text in 2.2.6 basically says that when the network sees the same
    segments used on multiple connections, it can compress them
    efficiently. That's plausible, but just like in section 2.2.5 we
    have to note that there is an explicit trade-off between compression
    and privacy. The "segments" that could be compressed in 2.2.6 are
    pretty much the same as the segments that could be cached in 2.2.5.
    Exposing them to the network for compression has pretty much the
    same effect on privacy as exposing them to the network for caching.
    The same caveats should apply.<br>
    <br>
    The new section 2.2.7 describes "service function chaining", which
    is an architecture for distributed implementation of services. We
    should separate there the management function proper, which would
    distribute functions already provided by the network provider, and a
    future expansion of the network that would provide services
    currently offered by application providers. Encryption actually
    marks a nice delimitation between these two notions. Network
    providers may well convince some application providers to make
    greater use of their "service functions", but that's a business
    negotiation, not an architecture discussion. If and when application
    providers decide to subscribe to the function provided by the
    network, these application providers would devise ways to expose the
    required data. Or then, maybe not.<br>
    <br>
    I would suggest writing the section 2.2.7 in a rather different way.
    Section 2.2 already discusses various functions that could be
    provided by the network, or by the application providers, or by
    third parties like CDN. We can not the trend to organize these
    functions under the "service function chaining" architecture, and
    the general limitation that if the functions are impacted by
    encryption in the current architecture, they will remain similarly
    impacted after the network provider adopts a "service function
    chaining" architecture. And leave it at that.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">In section 2.3.3, Application Layer Gateways, I was wishing it would say
something about IPv6. But then of course most IPv6 deployments today
involve a form of NAT64...
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">If you have text to suggest, we'd be happy to incorporate it.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    "The deployment of IPv6 may well reduce the need for NAT, and the
    corresponding requirement for Application Layer Gateways."<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">

</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">Section 2.3.4 documents the "HTTP Header Insertion" technique. The
relation between that technique and "Network Service Provider
Monitoring" is unclear -- header insertion is certainly not a network
monitoring tool. It is also a highly controversial tool, as documented
for example in
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.theverge.com/2016/3/7/11173010/verizon-supercookie-fine-1-3-million-fcc">https://www.theverge.com/2016/3/7/11173010/verizon-supercookie-fine-1-3-million-fcc</a>.
I wonder whether it is appropriate to describe this at all in a document
dedicated to network management, and my simple suggestion would be to
just remove that section altogether. Failing that, the text needs to be
modified to note the controversial nature of the process, and its impact
on privacy. The authors could also note that the function could be
trivially implemented in the client's browsers if it was really needed
and approved by the users. There is no technical need to have anything
like that "in the network".
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">I see your point, but operators wanted this text in, so how about a
modification to the last sentence to try to balance it out more?  As I
read the text, it describes invasive uses, so I thought that it was
clearly something the was not without controversy.

         When HTTP connections are encrypted to protect users privacy,
mobile network service
          providers cannot insert headers to accomplish the, sometimes
considered controversial, functions
          above.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    s/sometimes/often/?<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">
</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">3.  Encryption in Hosting SP Environments

After examining network monitoring in section 2, the draft continues
with an analysis of "Hosting SP Environments" in section 3, and section
4 describes "Encryption for Enterprises". I assume that the initials SP
stand for "Service Provider" -- spelling it out would not hurt. I really
wonder whether these sections belong in the document at all, rather than
being published in separate documents. "Hosting Service Provider
Environments" appears to be a subset of the general "Data Center"
problem. It is true that some network providers also provide data center
services for their customers, but these network providers represent only
a small fraction of the service hosting industry. Similarly, some
network providers provide services to enterprises, but there is a wide
variety of enterprises. It is hard to believe that the authors of an
individual draft have authority to speak at the same time about network
services, data centers, and enterprises. In my opinion, it would be
simpler to just excise section 3 and 4 from this draft, and use the
content as input for specific drafts describing issues in data centers
and enterprises.

</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">I'd prefer to keep these sections separate and think others feel the
same way.  Hosted data centers can occur in several layers as well.  I
work for a very large company that provides hosted infrastructure as a
service, where others offer hybrid cloud options and other outsourcing
options (application service providers, etc.) on top of this layer.
It seems you may be thinking of this as a higher level of data center
offerings than what is deployed in industry.  I'd prefer not to get
into listing them out as we would certainly miss some and it could be
a confusing list that doesn't help the point of the draft.  4 may not
be just for enterprise outsourcing options as in the IAAS example
provided.
</pre>
    </blockquote>
    I think these sections are weak, and do not bring much to the
    readers. But I said that already.<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">

</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">In any case, I am puzzled by the reference to Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
in the introduction of section 3.1. Data exfiltration is indeed a
security issue, but I knew it primarily as an issue in enterprise
networks. It does indeed become an issue in data centers when an
enterprise application is hosted outside the data center, but it is a
bit strange to see the first reference there. I already suggested to
move section 3 and 4 out to a different document. Failing that, I would
suggest reversing the order of section 3 and 4, i.e., discuss enterprise
issues first and data center issues next.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">I think it was contributed there as a result of offerings to
customers.  Before removing it, we'd have to get confirmation that it
isn't a service provided to many enterprises with outsourced
solutions.  I am pretty sure I had confirmed this point previously as
RSA offers multiple DLP solutions at several layers.  With a quick
glance, RSA has cloud and data center buzz words in their product
offering descriptions in addition to network and endpoint.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    The new text is somewhat better. I wonder whether DLP would merit a
    separate subsection.<br>
    <br>
    Of course the really bad opponents started using encryption long
    ago, well before the IETF's push for privacy. This is not exactly a
    new problem. Also, I would expect them to use a variety of
    techniques to disguise and hide their data streams. Hacking routers
    comes to mind.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">The discussion of Customer Access Monitoring in section 3.1.1 is a bit
strange. Most applications control customer access based on the customer
identity, not based on the IP addresses of the customer -- the whole
point of the "cloud" is that applications can be accessed from anywhere.
Some applications do perform additional checks, mainly as a defense
against stolen credentials, and would attempt to block access if the
network location does not look plausible for this specific user. These
are useful techniques, but the relation with encryption of data is
somewhat thin. It seems to reinforce my point that data center issues
would best be discussed in a separate document.

</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">There are certainly access restrictions based on IP and protocol
information, which a 5-tuple and a 2-tuple are often adequate.  If you
are an administrator from a company who outsourced for infrastructure
and some application support, management access of your customer
application might be a simple example where this is still used.  Sure,
users are mobile, but they could VPN to their company network and
connect from an approved IP.  I think some of the use cases described
are examples that are fine and encryption is a very small shift.  In
some of the examples, they serve as possible ways forward for the
other use cases that haven't adapted yet.  Boiling down the details
and showing that log improvements and transaction monitoring
improvements in the application or changes in protocols could ease
this transition is important IMO.  It's been a helpful process for
some of the participants and I hope it helps for future protocol
development to engage in these tough discussions understanding the
perspectives on either end of this debate better.

</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">The reminder of section 3 appears to be a high level tutorial on the
operation of data centers. It is not clear that there is a particular
problem with encryption there. Indeed, I note that a lot of operators of
big data centers, such as for example AWS, Azure or Google, have
voluntarily pushed for increased used of encryption. I don't learn much
by reading these sections, and I question whether they belong in the draft.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">I'll read through it again in a final sweep.  We haven't gotten
complaints about this text, but I'll note your concern in my sweep.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    In 3.2.1, you could be a bit more explicit about application
    logging, and application manageability in general. Also, maybe not
    say that "<span class="insert">Application</span> logging <span
      class="insert">currently lacks detail..." Is that true of every
      application? In general, I agree that it would be a good thing to
      delineate the type of information that data center managers would
      like to find in logs. Of course, logging too much has its own
      issues, such as exposures to breaches of privacy or to lawsuits.
      It seems we need to have a robust discussion leading to some kind
      of best practice document.<br>
       </span>
    <span class="insert"></span>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">4.  Encryption for Enterprises

The discussion on encryption in enterprises would probably benefit from
input by a variety of enterprise network managers. I found the
discussion somewhat hard to read. It seems that the authors want to
tackle three issues: the enterprise as a target for security attacks,
the enterprise as an application provider, and the enterprise as a
network provider. These are discussed in sections 4.1.1, 4.1.2, and
4.1.3.

The description of attacks in 4.1.1 is somewhat high level. It starts
from the statement that "A significant portion of malware hides its
activity within TLS or other encrypted protocols" to draw a requirement
to monitor encrypted traffic, when in practice there are many other
monitoring points, from endpoint monitoring to data base activity logs
to logs at network authentication servers -- as stated in the last
paragraph of the section.

The monitoring of application performance in enterprises appears
strangely focused on the "IPv6 Destination Option Header (DOH)
implementation of Performance and Diagnostic Metrics (PDM)". I
understand that most big applications solve their monitoring need by
implementing some form of telemetry, which is not affected at all by
encryption, yet I see no mention of this telemetry approach in the
discussion.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">Different data centers operate with different architectures and
approaches. We'd be happy to get text from other network operators.
I'll also do a sweep of this section and see if I can update it a bit
more to help along these points. It may come in an update following
the next one.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    In 4.1.1 there is a discussion relative to BYOD and exfiltration.
    Seriously? I mean, if I want to exfiltrate data with my phone, I can
    simply copy the data on the phone, and then wait until I am outside
    the enterprise network to exfiltrate it. The solutions that I have
    seen working involve personalized watermarks in downloaded content
    and post facto retribution against the leakers. That is, solutions
    designed specifically for the problem, rather than massive fishing
    expeditions through encrypted data...<br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">I had a hard time reading section 4.1.3, Enterprise Network Diagnostics
and Troubleshooting. It seems to cover a variety of techniques meant to
monitor application services without actually instrumenting the
application, and as such is not very convincing.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">Yes, the problem conveyed to us is that there are way too many
applications that do a poor job of providing troubleshooting data,
that it is hard to get this to an improved state.  Since this was
discussed a few years ago, I started putting comments on drafts to
request text on logging to help in the long term.  The organizations
with these issues have also started reaching out to offending
application developers, but it a long road.  It is recognized that
it's a better long term option.  I'll see what we can do with the text
on this front.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    OK. What don't you just say so? Proper monitoring of application
    behavior requires proper instrumentation of the application. When
    applications do not have an adequate instrumentation, managers often
    resort to network-based monitoring. This is problematic when the
    traffic is encrypted."<br>
    <br>
    My concern is that if an application needs to be updated to allow
    monitoring, it is much more beneficial in the long term to do that
    by better logging, rather than by somehow weakening the encryption.
    We should find a way to say that.<br>
    <br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">The meat of section 4 appears to be in section 4.2, which is covering
the issue of data loss prevention, and generally detection of data
exfiltration. Again, this is an issue that would be worth a specialized
draft.

5.  Security Monitoring for Specific Attack Types

Looks fine, and this review is already very long.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">Ack, thanks.

</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">6.  Application-based Flow Information Visible to a Network

Do we need this section at all? It seems that most of the information
could be captured by adding a small subsection to 2.1. Passive Monitoring.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">IPFIX was added at the request of Benoit to more fully cover network
management protocols in the document.  Brian Trammell provided that
text, so the next version will have an improved section 6.

</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">7.  Impact on Mobility Network Optimizations and New Services

This section appears to be a mix of replication of statements already
made in section 2, and some speculation on the effect of transport
header encryption, such as deployed in Web RTC (SCTP over DTLS) or
planned in QUIC. There are active discussions in the QUIC WG to provide
alternative to transport header inspection for RTT monitoring, and
possibly also for packet loss monitoring.

Contrarily to the rest of the document, this section seems speculative
in nature. It discusses the possible effects of transport header
encryption on the possible deployment of new services, which do not
appear to be based on any IETF standard. I think the document would be
stronger if some of the content of section 7 was moved to the
appropriate part of section 2, and if the speculative statements were
published as a separate document.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">We need to look at section 7 closer and will do so either in the next
version or one that follows shortly there after.</pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    It is much shorter now, and that's good.<br>
    <blockquote
cite="mid:CAHbuEH48N0sFm6VBQSg2xOkjdbChngKhQOP8Os3aaZ3+SgkSBQ@mail.gmail.com"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap="">

</pre>
      <blockquote type="cite">
        <blockquote type="cite">
          <pre wrap="">8.  Response to Increased Encryption and Looking Forward

Looks reasonable.
</pre>
        </blockquote>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap="">Thanks for your review and helpful comments!  Would you be okay with
an ack for your review and comments in the draft?

</pre>
    </blockquote>
    OK, as long as I am not presented as endorsing the weakening of
    encryption...<br>
    <br>
    -- Christian Huitema<br>
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