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Fernando Gont wrote:
> At 02:01 a.m. 31/01/2008, you wrote:
> 
>> I would say that a router that strictly codes to RFC 1812 is a router
>> which can be attacked and used to attack others. As Don mentioned,
>> routers today need a lot more capabilities and reset of expectations.
>>
>> Consideration - a total relook at RFC 1812 - updating it so that all
>> routers behave the same way - in a way that it is safe from attack
>> and cannot be used to attack others.
> 
> The same thing applies to most RFCs, including RFC 1122 (host 
> requirements), the core TCP and IP specifications, and so on. What's 
> really bad is is that people seem to feel happy about it.
> 
> I doubt whether we would ever be able to get consensus to rewrite RFC 
> 1122 or RFC 1812. The older the RFC, the more controversial it turns out to be.


Which is why I think bcp is the proper place to address this for now:

A. operational experience suggests deviation from original requirements
   is wise.

B. making alterations to the base documents supporting ipv4 at this late
   date seems like a non-starter. The time to be hacking alterations
   into ipv4 has long since passed.

> Think about any of the most well known network attacks we have faced 
> in the past (Smurf, SYN-flood, netkill, or whatever), and try to find 
> a reference to them in any IETF RFC. Only since a couple of years ago 
> we have had IDs or RFCs on a few of these issues (ICMP attacks, 
> TCP-based attacks, SYN-floods)... but most of these efforts ended up 
> in Informational RFCs (rather than Standards track)...
> 
> Kind regards,
> 
> --
> Fernando Gont
> e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
> PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> OPSEC mailing list
> OPSEC@ietf.org
> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
> 

_______________________________________________
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On Feb 1, 2008, at 9:07 AM, Joel Jaeggli wrote:
>
> Which is why I think bcp is the proper place to address this for now:
>
> A. operational experience suggests deviation from original  
> requirements
>    is wise.
>
> B. making alterations to the base documents supporting ipv4 at this  
> late
>    date seems like a non-starter. The time to be hacking alterations
>    into ipv4 has long since passed.

On the other hand, one might posit that because we've
gained more experience in certain areas, network and
infrastructure security in particular, that it is definitely the
time to make such recommendations and provide the
appropriate guidelines to implementers.

Given that any open communications system is only
going to be as secure as it has to be in order to operate,
and the amount of dust on the referenced documents,
this would seem to be a natural step in the evolutionary
process.

-danny

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Subject: Re: [OPSEC] ICMP filtering (was Re:  charter skeleton rev5)
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One issue with leaving those RFC's unmodified is most customers require their vendors to implement those rfc's AS IS. Most customers don't know enough to tell their vendor which RFC to violate.
 
So how do you address some of the tcp reset vulnerabilities that have been discovered in the last few years? 
 
By requiring your vendors to accept a reset within the window, or permitting icmp packets to terminate sessions?
Those are part of the RFCs. Some of us got lucky because some vendors failed to implement some elements of those RFCs.
 
Next issue how do you know what your vendor did to fix those issues?
There was more then one way to "fix" those issues.
 
donald.smith@qwest.com giac

________________________________

From: opsec-bounces@ietf.org on behalf of Danny McPherson
Sent: Fri 2/1/2008 11:13 AM
To: opsec wg mailing list
Subject: Re: [OPSEC] ICMP filtering (was Re: charter skeleton rev5)




On Feb 1, 2008, at 9:07 AM, Joel Jaeggli wrote:
>
> Which is why I think bcp is the proper place to address this for now:
>
> A. operational experience suggests deviation from original 
> requirements
>    is wise.
>
> B. making alterations to the base documents supporting ipv4 at this 
> late
>    date seems like a non-starter. The time to be hacking alterations
>    into ipv4 has long since passed.

On the other hand, one might posit that because we've
gained more experience in certain areas, network and
infrastructure security in particular, that it is definitely the
time to make such recommendations and provide the
appropriate guidelines to implementers.

Given that any open communications system is only
going to be as secure as it has to be in order to operate,
and the amount of dust on the referenced documents,
this would seem to be a natural step in the evolutionary
process.

-danny

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Subject: Re: [OPSEC] ICMP filtering (was Re:  charter skeleton rev5)
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At 02:07 p.m. 01/02/2008, Joel Jaeggli wrote:

>Which is why I think bcp is the proper place to address this for now:
>
>A. operational experience suggests deviation from original requirements
>    is wise.

I think the argument we could make for a BCP (rather than Standards 
track) is that the internet-draft/RFC would be aimed at firewalls, 
rather than routers. Thus, neither RFC 1122 nor RFC 1812 would need 
to be updated (wrt firewalls).



>B. making alterations to the base documents supporting ipv4 at this late
>    date seems like a non-starter. The time to be hacking alterations
>    into ipv4 has long since passed.

The IETF is supposed to do engineering. And that includes the 
maintenance of the protocols that currently run the Internet. I don't 
think that the possibility that at some point in time IPv6 may 
replace IPv4 should make us comfortable with the fact that many of 
the specs of the protocols that currently run the Internet are more 
than 20 years outdated.

Talk with any implementer that has (or has had) to build a TCP/IP 
stack from scratch, or that at least wants to maintain an existing 
implementation so that it is not vulnerable to trivial (and in many 
cases even "known") attacks. The current situation is at least messy. 
They have to google for vulnerability advisories, look at other 
implementations' source code, google for relevant papers on the 
subject, etc. Much of the security of current TCP/IP stacks depends 
on "undocumented wisdom".

An example of this is NISCC's VU# 532967 (ICMP attacks against TCP). 
The ICMP reset attacks were used at the very least in the mid/late 
90's as IRC nukes. Nobody documented them. Nobody proposed 
counter-measures. Ten years later, we had BGP routers & VoIP systems 
vulnerable to these attacks. Then, when this issues was discussed in 
some mailing-lists, guess what many of the comments were: "Filter all 
ICMP!" (talk about breaking PMTUD, at least).

I don't think our response to these issues should be "We will not 
work on this issues because at some point in the future IPv4 may get 
replaced with IPv6".

That said, considering that updating some RFCs may *politically* be a 
non-starter, IMHO it is a good thing that at least we document these 
issues and possible work-arounds in some Informational or BCP RFCs.

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
e-mail: fernando@gont.com.ar || fgont@acm.org
PGP Fingerprint: 7809 84F5 322E 45C7 F1C9 3945 96EE A9EF D076 FFF1




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On Feb 2, 2008, at 3:39 AM, Fernando Gont wrote:

> is that the internet-draft/RFC would be aimed at firewalls, rather  
> than routers.

Why the artificial (and meaningless, IMHO) distinction?  The desired  
behavior ought to be exhibited by any device which filters packets,  
including routers, ought it not?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // 408.527.6376 voice

	Culture eats strategy for breakfast.

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Subject: Re: [OPSEC] ICMP filtering (was Re:  charter skeleton rev5)
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At 12:08 a.m. 03/02/2008, Roland Dobbins wrote:

> > is that the internet-draft/RFC would be aimed at firewalls, rather
> > than routers.
>
>Why the artificial (and meaningless, IMHO) distinction?

It's "conceptual", not "artificial". A router is a device that 
*forwards* packets. Here we are talking about *filtering* packets.
For that same reason, we have RFC 1122 for hosts *and* RFC 1812 for 
routers, even when in most cases a router (as a "device") will also 
behave as a host for some functions.


>The desired
>behavior ought to be exhibited by any device which filters packets,
>including routers, ought it not?

No. We are not changing ICMP or IP. We are simply providing advice on 
ICMP filtering. The specs are left unchanged. But, if you have a 
packet filtering device, you may follow the advice we'd be providing.

P.S.: For some reason, big vendors seem to be opposed to changes in 
the specs of core protocols, particularly when they have to do with 
security issues. I don't really know if the issue is that they would 
have to provide these upgrades for free (as they are supposed to be 
security fixes) or what. So, in this respect, a positive side effect 
of this direction (BCP or Informational) is that this would be advice 
on what to filter if you decide to actually do it.

Kind regards,

--
Fernando Gont
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Subject: Re: [OPSEC] ICMP filtering (was Re:  charter skeleton rev5)
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> It's "conceptual", not "artificial". A router is a device that  
> *forwards* packets. Here we are talking about *filtering* packets.

Lots and lots of routers *filter* packets.  In fact, there are  
probably more routers in the world *filtering* packets than there are  
firewalls doing the same.  There are also may types of filtering,  
including functions such as rate-limiting, which in effect ends up  
filtering packets in many cases.

;>

> For that same reason, we have RFC 1122 for hosts *and* RFC 1812 for  
> routers, even when in most cases a router (as a "device") will also  
> behave as a host for some functions.

OK, are you saying that all filtering of packets should be considered  
a 'firewall' function?  In the common parlance, 'firewall' typically  
implies state, while most filtering which takes place on routers is  
stateless.  I don't believe that 'firewall' is suitable as a generic  
appellation for filtering packets.

>> No. We are not changing ICMP or IP. We are simply providing advice  
>> on ICMP filtering. The specs are left unchanged. But, if you have a  
>> packet filtering device, you may follow the advice we'd be providing.

I didn't mean to imply that ICMP or IP were being changed, but that  
indeed this was advice, i.e., BCP-type advice, about behavior that we  
would recommend that all devices exhibit when filtering packets.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // 408.527.6376 voice

	Culture eats strategy for breakfast.

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From opsec-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Feb 16 09:45:56 2008
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If there are opsec participants who wish to meet informally in 
Philadelphia, I'm planning around the idea of lunch on tuesday. If I can 
get a first order approximation of how many people might be able to make 
that I can locate a suitable venue.

I expect it will be casual and that business will be a minor component 
of it.

Thanks
joel
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On Feb 16, 2008, at 12:45 PM, Joel Jaeggli wrote:

> If there are opsec participants who wish to meet informally in
> Philadelphia, I'm planning around the idea of lunch on tuesday. If I  
> can
> get a first order approximation of how many people might be able to  
> make
> that I can locate a suitable venue.
>
> I expect it will be casual and that business will be a minor component
> of it.

joel -- great idea-- count me in...
W

>
>
> Thanks
> joel
> _______________________________________________
> OPSEC mailing list
> OPSEC@ietf.org
> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
>

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From: "Romascanu, Dan (Dan)" <dromasca@avaya.com>
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I may join unless other things show up. 

Dan
 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: opsec-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:opsec-bounces@ietf.org] 
> On Behalf Of Joel Jaeggli
> Sent: Saturday, February 16, 2008 7:46 PM
> To: opsec wg mailing list
> Subject: [OPSEC] Informal meeting in Philly...
> 
> If there are opsec participants who wish to meet informally 
> in Philadelphia, I'm planning around the idea of lunch on 
> tuesday. If I can get a first order approximation of how many 
> people might be able to make that I can locate a suitable venue.
> 
> I expect it will be casual and that business will be a minor 
> component of it.
> 
> Thanks
> joel
> _______________________________________________
> OPSEC mailing list
> OPSEC@ietf.org
> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
> 
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Would be an otherwise unremarkable leak of some isp's internal policy 
except for the players.

We have fairly well understood but not widely deployed tools that were 
the used could have precluded some networks from accepting the longer 
prefix...

Are there simple lessons to be taken away from this event?

On the originator side certainly there are safer ways to insert 
blackhole routes into your fib that what was likely done.


joel
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I believe that we have a quorum of sorts.

I will scout locations when I arrive, and send mail by the morning of 
March 17.

thanks
joelja

Joel Jaeggli wrote:
> If there are opsec participants who wish to meet informally in 
> Philadelphia, I'm planning around the idea of lunch on tuesday. If I can 
> get a first order approximation of how many people might be able to make 
> that I can locate a suitable venue.
> 
> I expect it will be casual and that business will be a minor component 
> of it.
> 
> Thanks
> joel
> _______________________________________________
> OPSEC mailing list
> OPSEC@ietf.org
> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
> 

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Hi Joel,

This was certainly a very interesting case of how and why some basic
security is required between consenting peers.

I was eager to know what tools/ filters you thought could be used to
prevent such an exploit.

Thanks,
Vishwas

On Tue, Feb 26, 2008 at 8:14 PM, Joel Jaeggli <joelja@bogus.com> wrote:
> Would be an otherwise unremarkable leak of some isp's internal policy
>  except for the players.
>
>  We have fairly well understood but not widely deployed tools that were
>  the used could have precluded some networks from accepting the longer
>  prefix...
>
>  Are there simple lessons to be taken away from this event?
>
>  On the originator side certainly there are safer ways to insert
>  blackhole routes into your fib that what was likely done.
>
>
>  joel
>  _______________________________________________
>  OPSEC mailing list
>  OPSEC@ietf.org
>  http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
>
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On Feb 27, 2008, at 12:34 PM, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> I was eager to know what tools/ filters you thought could be used to
> prevent such an exploit.


This problem and the solutions for it are about 15 years old, FYI.

It's ISP BGP 101 - filter the routing advertisements you accept for  
your customers/peers/transits, filter the routing announcements you  
pass to customers/peers/transits, make use of RIRs to build filters,  
et. al.

<http://www.nanog.org/mtg-0706/Presentations/PhilipSmith-BGP.pdf>

<http://www.amazon.com/Practical-BGP-Russ-White/dp/0321127005/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1204090875&sr=8-1 
 >

<http://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html>



-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile

      If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.

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From: "Vishwas Manral" <vishwas.ietf@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSEC] pccw as17557 leak...
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Hi Roland,

Thanks for the links.

I looked at the document from Philip Smith as well as the last one. I
did not find any way for a route to figure out a peer is actually
advertising a bogus prefix, which it does not own, which is what the
case was with the PCCW leak. Note the real problem is not that the
peer advertised a wrong/ malicious prefix, but that we have no
mechanism to decide the prefix originated is not right. Best practices
for blackholing may help only in the non-malicious case.

I think the ideal solution for that would require a certificate
containing the AS Number and the prefix. Do let me know what is the
exact method you are talking about?

Thanks,
Vishwas

On Tue, Feb 26, 2008 at 9:47 PM, Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> wrote:
>
>  On Feb 27, 2008, at 12:34 PM, Vishwas Manral wrote:
>
>  > I was eager to know what tools/ filters you thought could be used to
>  > prevent such an exploit.
>
>
>  This problem and the solutions for it are about 15 years old, FYI.
>
>  It's ISP BGP 101 - filter the routing advertisements you accept for
>  your customers/peers/transits, filter the routing announcements you
>  pass to customers/peers/transits, make use of RIRs to build filters,
>  et. al.
>
>  <http://www.nanog.org/mtg-0706/Presentations/PhilipSmith-BGP.pdf>
>
>  <http://www.amazon.com/Practical-BGP-Russ-White/dp/0321127005/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1204090875&sr=8-1
>   >
>
>  <http://www.cymru.com/Documents/secure-bgp-template.html>
>
>
>
>  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
>  Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile
>
>       If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.
>
>                     -- Malcom Forbes
>
>
>
>
>  _______________________________________________
>  OPSEC mailing list
>  OPSEC@ietf.org
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On Feb 27, 2008, at 1:29 PM, Vishwas Manral wrote:

>  Note the real problem is not that the
> peer advertised a wrong/ malicious prefix, but that we have no
> mechanism to decide the prefix originated is not right.

You don't accept advertisements from your customers for networks they  
don't own, it's quite simple, in most cases.  You don't advertise  
netblocks you don't own or that your customers don't own; if you set  
up a blackhole for any reason, you don't leak it.  You build your  
filters based on RIR information (keeping in mind that it's incomplete).

> Best practices for blackholing may help only in the non-malicious  
> case.

Many years of experience indicate otherwise.  This isn't theoretical,  
mind; operators who do these things don't end up causing problems of  
this type.  Perusing the NANOG-l archives would probably prove  
educational in this regard.

> I think the ideal solution for that would require a certificate
> containing the AS Number and the prefix.

sBGP, soBGP, the 'PKI problem', see the years of discussions  
surrounding them (lots of conceptual overlap with DNSSEC).

Again, there's about 15 years of history, operational art, BCPs,  
proposals, counterproposals, et. al. surrounding this set of issues.   
It's probably a good idea for anyone evaluating approaches to this  
problem to read up on the history and considerable literature/ 
discussions on this subject prior to engaging in advocacy of a  
particular class of solution.

> Do let me know what is the exact method you are talking about?


There is no one 'exact' method, but, rather, a set of BCPs which, if  
implemented, drastically reduce the risks and impact of a miscue such  
as this one.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile

      If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.

                    -- Malcom Forbes



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On Wed, 27 Feb 2008, Roland Dobbins wrote:
> There is no one 'exact' method, but, rather, a set of BCPs which, if
> implemented, drastically reduce the risks and impact of a miscue such
> as this one.

I think Vishwas is asking a valid question.  The answer is.. a lot of 
manual work, or in some parts of Europe, IRR-built filters.

This start of the thread and reference to Joe Abley's explanation on 
SIDR list is probably relevant here:

http://www.gossamer-threads.com/lists/nanog/users/103419


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On Feb 26, 2008, at 11:29 PM, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> Hi Roland,
>
> Thanks for the links.
>
> I looked at the document from Philip Smith as well as the last one. I
> did not find any way for a route to figure out a peer is actually
> advertising a bogus prefix, which it does not own, which is what the
> case was with the PCCW leak. Note the real problem is not that the
> peer advertised a wrong/ malicious prefix, but that we have no
> mechanism to decide the prefix originated is not right. Best practices
> for blackholing may help only in the non-malicious case.

The question isn't about verifying if the peer is advertising a prefix
which it doesn't own, it's about only accepting routes from a peer
if that peer originates or provides transit services for those routes,
implicitly denying all others.

15 years ago this worked like so (very abbreviated):

- I peer with AS X.  AS X announces prefixes a, b & c,
which I discover by interrogating IRR data associated
with AS X as an origin AS.

- AS X's IRR data also includes an as-macro which provides a list of
ASNs for which AS X provides transit services, e.g., AS Y & Z.

- I look up all prefixes registered as originating from AS Y & Z
and find d, e & f.

- I define a prefix list for AS X that permits them to only announce
a, b,c, d, e & f, and explicitly deny everything else.  I also do this
based explicitly on prefix length so that I don't have to accept a
bunch of extraneous prefixes such as more specifics.

> I think the ideal solution for that would require a certificate
> containing the AS Number and the prefix. Do let me know what is the
> exact method you are talking about?

This didn't need to be in the routing system itself, nor does the  
initial
[re]deployment today.  It can all occur out of band.

Subsequently, SIDR and somewhere WAY down the road, something
akin to soBGP or SBGP could dynamically do this in the routing system
itself, but that's quite a ways away.

See: RIPE-181, RPSL, SIDR

-danny
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On Feb 27, 2008, at 1:53 PM, Pekka Savola wrote:

> I think Vishwas is asking a valid question.

I agree, it's certainly a valid question.  The answer is, right now,  
less than ideal and subject to operational inertia/entropy, as you  
indicate, but there *is* an answer.   We need better answers, and  
that's the intention of proposals  like soBGP, etc.

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On Feb 27, 2008, at 1:56 PM, Danny McPherson wrote:

> See: RIPE-181, RPSL, SIDR

Yes, I forgot SIDR - good point, Danny & Pekka.

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From: "Romascanu, Dan (Dan)" <dromasca@avaya.com>
To: "Joel Jaeggli" <joelja@bogus.com>, "opsec wg mailing list" <opsec@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [OPSEC] Informal meeting in Philly...
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You probably mean the morning of March 10 or 11 :-) 

The lunch is scheduled for March 11, right? 

Dan
 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: opsec-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:opsec-bounces@ietf.org] 
> On Behalf Of Joel Jaeggli
> Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2008 6:38 AM
> To: opsec wg mailing list
> Subject: Re: [OPSEC] Informal meeting in Philly...
> 
> I believe that we have a quorum of sorts.
> 
> I will scout locations when I arrive, and send mail by the 
> morning of March 17.
> 
> thanks
> joelja
> 
> Joel Jaeggli wrote:
> > If there are opsec participants who wish to meet informally in 
> > Philadelphia, I'm planning around the idea of lunch on 
> tuesday. If I 
> > can get a first order approximation of how many people 
> might be able 
> > to make that I can locate a suitable venue.
> > 
> > I expect it will be casual and that business will be a 
> minor component 
> > of it.
> > 
> > Thanks
> > joel
> > _______________________________________________
> > OPSEC mailing list
> > OPSEC@ietf.org
> > http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
> > 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> OPSEC mailing list
> OPSEC@ietf.org
> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
> 
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On Wed, 27 Feb 2008, Romascanu, Dan (Dan) wrote:
> You probably mean the morning of March 10 or 11 :-)
>
> The lunch is scheduled for March 11, right?

In that case I can make it, too.

 	Gadi.

>
> Dan
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: opsec-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:opsec-bounces@ietf.org]
>> On Behalf Of Joel Jaeggli
>> Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2008 6:38 AM
>> To: opsec wg mailing list
>> Subject: Re: [OPSEC] Informal meeting in Philly...
>>
>> I believe that we have a quorum of sorts.
>>
>> I will scout locations when I arrive, and send mail by the
>> morning of March 17.
>>
>> thanks
>> joelja
>>
>> Joel Jaeggli wrote:
>>> If there are opsec participants who wish to meet informally in
>>> Philadelphia, I'm planning around the idea of lunch on
>> tuesday. If I
>>> can get a first order approximation of how many people
>> might be able
>>> to make that I can locate a suitable venue.
>>>
>>> I expect it will be casual and that business will be a
>> minor component
>>> of it.
>>>
>>> Thanks
>>> joel
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> OPSEC mailing list
>>> OPSEC@ietf.org
>>> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
>>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> OPSEC mailing list
>> OPSEC@ietf.org
>> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
>>
> _______________________________________________
> OPSEC mailing list
> OPSEC@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
>
_______________________________________________
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Romascanu, Dan (Dan) wrote:
> You probably mean the morning of March 10 or 11 :-) 

Yeah, the 10th. sorry.

> The lunch is scheduled for March 11, right? 
> 
> Dan
>  
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: opsec-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:opsec-bounces@ietf.org] 
>> On Behalf Of Joel Jaeggli
>> Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2008 6:38 AM
>> To: opsec wg mailing list
>> Subject: Re: [OPSEC] Informal meeting in Philly...
>>
>> I believe that we have a quorum of sorts.
>>
>> I will scout locations when I arrive, and send mail by the 
>> morning of March 17.
>>
>> thanks
>> joelja
>>
>> Joel Jaeggli wrote:
>>> If there are opsec participants who wish to meet informally in 
>>> Philadelphia, I'm planning around the idea of lunch on 
>> tuesday. If I 
>>> can get a first order approximation of how many people 
>> might be able 
>>> to make that I can locate a suitable venue.
>>>
>>> I expect it will be casual and that business will be a 
>> minor component 
>>> of it.
>>>
>>> Thanks
>>> joel
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> OPSEC mailing list
>>> OPSEC@ietf.org
>>> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
>>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> OPSEC mailing list
>> OPSEC@ietf.org
>> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
>>
> 

_______________________________________________
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Folks,

I think that it would helpful if this working group were to produce a
document (or two) recommending BGP policy for ISP.

                                         Ron


Joel Jaeggli wrote:
> Would be an otherwise unremarkable leak of some isp's internal policy 
> except for the players.
> 
> We have fairly well understood but not widely deployed tools that were 
> the used could have precluded some networks from accepting the longer 
> prefix...
> 
> Are there simple lessons to be taken away from this event?
> 
> On the originator side certainly there are safer ways to insert 
> blackhole routes into your fib that what was likely done.
> 
> 
> joel
> _______________________________________________
> OPSEC mailing list
> OPSEC@ietf.org
> http://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
> 
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On Feb 27, 2008, at 8:40 AM, Ron Bonica wrote:

> Folks,
>
> I think that it would helpful if this working group were to produce a
> document (or two) recommending BGP policy for ISP.

I mentioned to Joel off list, and the GROW chairs, I'm
hacking up a boiler for this now.

-danny
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Recommending policy is not the core problem. If you look at the way we
train people at our operations meetings (mainly Phillip Smith's
materials) you will see that we - the community - has been pounding on
prefix filter BCPs over and over again.

So IMHO - being one of the people who has been doing the pounding and
producing the materials - I do see how yet another document will make a
difference. "IETF BCPs" don't mean anything - cause the IETF BCP process
is broken.

What we need is to rethink how we are doing the training at the
operations meetings and how we - as a community - are investing ($$$) in
our open source tools.



> -----Original Message-----
> From: opsec-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:opsec-bounces@ietf.org] 
> On Behalf Of Danny McPherson
> Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2008 7:49 AM
> To: Ron Bonica
> Cc: opsec wg mailing list
> Subject: Re: [OPSEC] pccw as17557 leak...
> 
> 
> On Feb 27, 2008, at 8:40 AM, Ron Bonica wrote:
> 
> > Folks,
> >
> > I think that it would helpful if this working group were to 
> produce a 
> > document (or two) recommending BGP policy for ISP.
> 
> I mentioned to Joel off list, and the GROW chairs, I'm 
> hacking up a boiler for this now.
> 
> -danny
> _______________________________________________
> OPSEC mailing list
> OPSEC@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
> 
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On Feb 27, 2008, at 8:55 AM, Barry Greene (bgreene) wrote:
>
> Recommending policy is not the core problem. If you look at the way we
> train people at our operations meetings (mainly Phillip Smith's
> materials) you will see that we - the community - has been pounding on
> prefix filter BCPs over and over again.
>
> So IMHO - being one of the people who has been doing the pounding and
> producing the materials - I do see how yet another document will  
> make a
> difference. "IETF BCPs" don't mean anything - cause the IETF BCP  
> process
> is broken.

I've done a bit of pounding and ISP policy specification at several
ISPs over the years myself, and I believe that the IETF BCP process
sucks less than pretty much any other available option.

-danny
_______________________________________________
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On Wed, 27 Feb 2008, Danny McPherson wrote:
>
> On Feb 27, 2008, at 8:55 AM, Barry Greene (bgreene) wrote:
>>
>> Recommending policy is not the core problem. If you look at the way we
>> train people at our operations meetings (mainly Phillip Smith's
>> materials) you will see that we - the community - has been pounding on
>> prefix filter BCPs over and over again.
>>
>> So IMHO - being one of the people who has been doing the pounding and
>> producing the materials - I do see how yet another document will
>> make a
>> difference. "IETF BCPs" don't mean anything - cause the IETF BCP
>> process
>> is broken.
>
> I've done a bit of pounding and ISP policy specification at several
> ISPs over the years myself, and I believe that the IETF BCP process
> sucks less than pretty much any other available option.

As long as Danny is willing to spend the time, I don't see why the effort 
should be discourages. Whatever the result of this being written, I see no 
bad coming of this.

I await the initial fruits of his work.

 	Gadi.

>
> -danny
> _______________________________________________
> OPSEC mailing list
> OPSEC@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
>
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

- -- Ron Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net> wrote:

>I think that it would helpful if this working group were to produce a
>document (or two) recommending BGP policy for ISP.

If you do decide to do this, please engage people in the operational
community. Please.

Over on the NANOG list, as many of you are probably already aware,
this issue is one that has been highlighted on several ocassions --
the fact that appropriate RFCs and BCPs exist to address specific
operational issues, yet many ISPs choose to ignore them or are
simply ignorant of them.

Separate problems, but certainly there is a lesson to be
learned here: the operational community has long known that
filtering downstream/customer ASs for prefix announcements is
a Good Thing, yet the majority of ISPs on the planet simply do
not do it...

- - ferg

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Version: PGP Desktop 9.6.3 (Build 3017)

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--
"Fergie", a.k.a. Paul Ferguson
 Engineering Architecture for the Internet
 fergdawg(at)netzero.net
 ferg's tech blog: http://fergdawg.blogspot.com/



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Barry Greene (bgreene) wrote:
>  
> 
> Recommending policy is not the core problem. If you look at the way we
> train people at our operations meetings (mainly Phillip Smith's
> materials) you will see that we - the community - has been pounding on
> prefix filter BCPs over and over again.
> 
> So IMHO - being one of the people who has been doing the pounding and
> producing the materials - I do see how yet another document will make a
> difference. "IETF BCPs" don't mean anything - cause the IETF BCP process
> is broken.
> 
> What we need is to rethink how we are doing the training at the
> operations meetings and how we - as a community - are investing ($$$) in
> our open source tools.

So, I do some training, in workshops, sometimes with Phil and sometimes 
with other crews and I think in that context that bcp's are a useful 
framework to hang instructional material on. They aren't a panacea by 
any means. We might consider re-exporting the sort of training we do in 
nogs in emerging markets back to north america and europe, but frankly 
there's a lot more people to train here and I think the market needs to 
drive that otherwise we won't come close to reaching enough operators...

I think collectively we're in a rather unique position to:

A. produce documents which are cogent and useful

B. drive that into instructional materials that get used in network 
operator trainings.


> 
> 
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: opsec-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:opsec-bounces@ietf.org] 
>> On Behalf Of Danny McPherson
>> Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2008 7:49 AM
>> To: Ron Bonica
>> Cc: opsec wg mailing list
>> Subject: Re: [OPSEC] pccw as17557 leak...
> 
> 
>> On Feb 27, 2008, at 8:40 AM, Ron Bonica wrote:
> 
>>> Folks,
>>>
>>> I think that it would helpful if this working group were to 
>> produce a 
>>> document (or two) recommending BGP policy for ISP.
>> I mentioned to Joel off list, and the GROW chairs, I'm 
>> hacking up a boiler for this now.
> 
>> -danny
>> _______________________________________________
>> OPSEC mailing list
>> OPSEC@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
> 
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Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2008 17:12:49 -0800
From: "Vishwas Manral" <vishwas.ietf@gmail.com>
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Hi folks,

I looked at the SIDR documents in brief. It can probably be used to
help prevent any attacks caused due to non-malicious intent.

I found easy ways to get over the SIDR security when done with a
malicious intent. SIDR just tells the mapping between AFI, AF and AS
number which can originate the same. However the choosing of a route
by BGP does not depend on these fields alone. So if a malicious router
changed the attributes attached to an NLRI update so that it becomes
the chosen AS to the prefix (of course without changing the
originating AS field). It can still redirect all the traffic to itself
for the prefix and then do whatever malicious it wants to do,
including just drop the packet.

In this way still achieving the attack, but this time for sure with
malicious intent.

Thanks,
Vishwas

On Tue, Feb 26, 2008 at 11:00 PM, Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> wrote:
>
>  On Feb 27, 2008, at 1:56 PM, Danny McPherson wrote:
>
>  > See: RIPE-181, RPSL, SIDR
>
>  Yes, I forgot SIDR - good point, Danny & Pekka.
>
>
>
>  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
>  Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile
>
>       If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.
>
>                     -- Malcom Forbes
>
>
>
>  _______________________________________________
>  OPSEC mailing list
>  OPSEC@ietf.org
>  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
>
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On Feb 28, 2008, at 10:07 AM, Stephen Kent wrote:

> I think the SIDR WG participants understand that.


Yes, they do.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile

      If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.

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From: "Vishwas Manral" <vishwas.ietf@gmail.com>
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Hi Steve,

Thanks a lot for the comments. I agree it can be a good first step but
not sure what the future holds.

I am not sure if a heavy solution like this is required which only
gives reasonable security. What about the CPU DoS attacks that can be
result when new random routes are injected into a domain.

Thanks again,
Vishwas

On Wed, Feb 27, 2008 at 7:07 PM, Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com> wrote:
> At 5:12 PM -0800 2/27/08, Vishwas Manral wrote:
>  >Hi folks,
>  >
>  >I looked at the SIDR documents in brief. It can probably be used to
>  >help prevent any attacks caused due to non-malicious intent.
>  >
>  >I found easy ways to get over the SIDR security when done with a
>  >malicious intent. SIDR just tells the mapping between AFI, AF and AS
>  >number which can originate the same. However the choosing of a route
>  >by BGP does not depend on these fields alone. So if a malicious router
>  >changed the attributes attached to an NLRI update so that it becomes
>  >the chosen AS to the prefix (of course without changing the
>  >originating AS field). It can still redirect all the traffic to itself
>  >for the prefix and then do whatever malicious it wants to do,
>  >including just drop the packet.
>  >
>  >In this way still achieving the attack, but this time for sure with
>  >malicious intent.
>  >
>  >Thanks,
>  >Vishwas
>
>
>  Your example of how an AS can tamper with a route, without changing
>  the origin AS assertion is correct. I think the SIDR WG participants
>  understand that.
>  The work so far i SIDR focuses on establishing an infrastructure that
>  will enable more comprehensive routing security capabilities in the
>  future.  Both the soBGP and SBGP proposal need this sort of
>  infrastructure, so it is viewed as a reasonable initial effort.
>
>  I also agree with your observation that the infrastructure makes it
>  potentially easier to distinguish between some forms of attacks vs.
>  accidental routing errors, and that, in itself, seems valuable too.
>
>  Steve
>
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On Feb 28, 2008, at 10:13 AM, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> What about the CPU DoS attacks that can be result when new random  
> routes are injected into a domain.

This is a different set of issues handled via different mechanisms,  
some of which exist today in routers from various vendors, and which  
are implemented by operators.  We have to limit the scope, or we'll  
never get anything done, heh.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile

      If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.

                    -- Malcom Forbes



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Subject: Re: [OPSEC] pccw as17557 leak...
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Hi Roland,

I looked at soBGP and it is also just checking the origin. The origin
is not of much use in a malicious router case at all.

I have another similar solution, but may help in more than just non
malicious case.

Thanks,
Vishwas

On Wed, Feb 27, 2008 at 7:18 PM, Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> wrote:
>
>  On Feb 28, 2008, at 10:13 AM, Vishwas Manral wrote:
>
>  > What about the CPU DoS attacks that can be result when new random
>  > routes are injected into a domain.
>
>  This is a different set of issues handled via different mechanisms,
>  some of which exist today in routers from various vendors, and which
>  are implemented by operators.  We have to limit the scope, or we'll
>  never get anything done, heh.
>
>
>
>  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
>  Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile
>
>       If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.
>
>                     -- Malcom Forbes
>
>
>
>  _______________________________________________
>  OPSEC mailing list
>  OPSEC@ietf.org
>  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
>
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On Feb 28, 2008, at 11:05 AM, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> I looked at soBGP and it is also just checking the origin. The origin
> is not of much use in a malicious router case at all.

I'm aware of that, Vishwas.  And as I indicated, that's a different  
problem.

There is a lot of history and operational art in this arena - we  
aren't all just sitting around waiting for security clue to fall from  
the sky, heh.  I strongly recommend acquainting oneself with the full  
scope of the issues as well as the history of discussions and  
initiatives, so as to avoid re-discussing the invention of the wheel.

;>

A good place to start is the latest ref of the opsec draft.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile

      If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.

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From: "Vishwas Manral" <vishwas.ietf@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSEC] pccw as17557 leak...
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Hi Stephen,

The point I raise is that there is a cost associated with this, using
certificates has a CPU cost associated with it.

I may be missing the point but even if you leave aside the cost of an
off line server to do this check but if the checks are done on each
new prefix we can still overload the off line server. If we do things
like rate limiting we can still have an attacks, or cause delays in
the convergence times.

Thanks,
Vishwas

On Wed, Feb 27, 2008 at 8:13 PM, Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com> wrote:
> At 7:13 PM -0800 2/27/08, Vishwas Manral wrote:
>  >Hi Steve,
>  >
>  >Thanks a lot for the comments. I agree it can be a good first step but
>  >not sure what the future holds.
>  >
>  >I am not sure if a heavy solution like this is required which only
>  >gives reasonable security. What about the CPU DoS attacks that can be
>  >result when new random routes are injected into a domain.
>  >
>  >Thanks again,
>  >Vishwas
>  >
>
>  Vishwas,
>
>  The current SIDR plans for use of this infrastructure calls for ISPs
>  to download the certs, CRLs, ROAs, etc. on a daily basis, to process
>  them offline, and to use the results in constructing route filters.
>  Even the more comprehensive models offered by SBGP and soBGP did not
>  require routers to process certs, CRLs, etc., i.e., they assume
>  offline processing to verify signed objects and pass the results to
>  routers to use in route verification.
>
>  Give this background, I don't know what sort of CPU DoS attacks you
>  are worried about.  Could you provide some additional context?
>
>  Steve
>
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On Feb 28, 2008, at 11:31 AM, Vishwas Manral wrote:

>  If we do things
> like rate limiting we can still have an attacks, or cause delays in
> the convergence times.

You are correct - certs and sigs and PSKs and PKI and encryption and  
so forth aren't free, and the numerous people who have been looking at  
this problem-set for a long time are very aware of these issues, FYI.

;>

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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      If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.

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Hi Roland,

I looked at the 3 drafts in the OPSEC group (for one of which I am the
coauthor). I could not find any draft referring to BGP.

Could you let me know which draft you refer to?

Thanks,
Vishwas


On Wed, Feb 27, 2008 at 8:14 PM, Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> wrote:
>
>  On Feb 28, 2008, at 11:05 AM, Vishwas Manral wrote:
>
>  > I looked at soBGP and it is also just checking the origin. The origin
>  > is not of much use in a malicious router case at all.
>
>  I'm aware of that, Vishwas.  And as I indicated, that's a different
>  problem.
>
>  There is a lot of history and operational art in this arena - we
>  aren't all just sitting around waiting for security clue to fall from
>  the sky, heh.  I strongly recommend acquainting oneself with the full
>  scope of the issues as well as the history of discussions and
>  initiatives, so as to avoid re-discussing the invention of the wheel.
>
>  ;>
>
>  A good place to start is the latest ref of the opsec draft.
>
>
>
>  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
>  Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile
>
>       If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.
>
>                     -- Malcom Forbes
>
>
>
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On Feb 28, 2008, at 11:37 AM, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> Could you let me know which draft you refer to?

I'm not just referring to BGP specifically, but rather to the classes  
of problems you seem to think that nobody else is aware of or  
understands, but which in fact are well-understood by the operational  
community and have been for some time, heh.

Here are some examples:

<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4778>

<http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsec-infrastructure-security-01>

<http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsec-routing-capabilities-03>

draft-ietf-opsec-filter-caps, of which you're a co-author, is yet  
another example.

As Paul Ferguson indicated, these issues have been discussed on nanog- 
l and on various vendor-focused operational lists, as well.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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      If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.

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From: "Vishwas Manral" <vishwas.ietf@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSEC] pccw as17557 leak...
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Hi Roland,

I may be wrong but I think you may have missed the context.

The point I raise is that with the SIDR infrastructure we get a way to
catch some attacks, but a malicious attack still cannot be prevent,
while having an overhead. The point I raise is is the trade-off
between what we achieve versus the CPU overload a good one. You seem
to refer to some generic documents.

Thanks,
Vishwas


On Wed, Feb 27, 2008 at 8:50 PM, Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> wrote:
>
>  On Feb 28, 2008, at 11:37 AM, Vishwas Manral wrote:
>
>  > Could you let me know which draft you refer to?
>
>  I'm not just referring to BGP specifically, but rather to the classes
>  of problems you seem to think that nobody else is aware of or
>  understands, but which in fact are well-understood by the operational
>  community and have been for some time, heh.
>
>  Here are some examples:
>
>  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4778>
>
>  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsec-infrastructure-security-01>
>
>  <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-opsec-routing-capabilities-03>
>
>  draft-ietf-opsec-filter-caps, of which you're a co-author, is yet
>  another example.
>
>  As Paul Ferguson indicated, these issues have been discussed on nanog-
>  l and on various vendor-focused operational lists, as well.
>
>
>
>  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
>  Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile
>
>       If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.
>
>                     -- Malcom Forbes
>
>
>
>  _______________________________________________
>  OPSEC mailing list
>  OPSEC@ietf.org
>  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
>
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On Feb 28, 2008, at 11:57 AM, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> The point I raise is that with the SIDR infrastructure we get a way to
> catch some attacks, but a malicious attack still cannot be prevent,
> while having an overhead.

The point I raise is that everyone here understands that already.

> The point I raise is is the trade-off between what we achieve versus  
> the CPU overload a good one.

Again, I raise the point that everyone here understands that already,  
and, furthermore, that the point you raise regarding CPU spikes due to  
a flood of routing advertisements, etc., are well-understood by the  
operational community and are in fact addressed at least in part by  
existing features implemented in existing devices manufactured by  
various vendors and installed on operational networks.

Whether or not operators make use of these features and techniques is  
another question, of course.

> You seem to refer to some generic documents.


Yes, in order to demonstrate that there is a long history of discourse  
in this arena, and that it isn't necessarily very productive to make  
the assumption that the participants in this WG are ignorant of the  
various classes of problems which must be addressed,.  Also,  
advocating particular solutions or classes of solutions in absence of  
familiarity with the long history and current BCPs surrounding a given  
problem-set isn't necessarily very productive, either.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile

      If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.

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- -- Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> wrote:

>Yes, in order to demonstrate that there is a long history of discourse  
in this arena, and that it isn't necessarily very productive to make  
the assumption that the participants in this WG are ignorant of the  
various classes of problems which must be addressed,.  Also,  
advocating particular solutions or classes of solutions in absence of  
familiarity with the long history and current BCPs surrounding a given  
problem-set isn't necessarily very productive, either.
>

I didn't really want to jump in on this exchange, but I feel
compelled to at least mention this:

Just because there has been "lengthy discourse" on various related
issues, I certainly think that much more dialog is needed, simply
due to the fact that serious operational insecurities continue to
resurface. This proves -- to me at least -- that "lengthy dialog"
in the past (historicallly speaking) has been completely and utterly
insufficient.

- - ferg

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--
"Fergie", a.k.a. Paul Ferguson
 Engineering Architecture for the Internet
 fergdawg(at)netzero.net
 ferg's tech blog: http://fergdawg.blogspot.com/

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On Feb 28, 2008, at 12:14 PM, Paul Ferguson wrote:

> Just because there has been "lengthy discourse" on various related
> issues, I certainly think that much more dialog is needed, simply
> due to the fact that serious operational insecurities continue to
> resurface.

Concur.  However, in order to have a productive discussion, it's  
probably a good idea to a) understand the history to date, b)  
understand the current state of the art, such as as it is, from both a  
technological and an operational standpoint, and c) to assume that  
other participants in the discussion have invested time in both a) and  
b), unless they demonstrate otherwise.

;>

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile

      If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.

                    -- Malcom Forbes



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Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2008 21:34:26 -0800
From: "Vishwas Manral" <vishwas.ietf@gmail.com>
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Hi Paul,

Thanks for the mail.

One of the reasons I have started bringing up issues, is if you see
the IPv6 Routing Header
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5095.txt I brought up the issue in January
2006 and very few people payed attention then (The RFC by Joe actually
acknowledges the fact I brought up the issue first).

When the issue was finally brought out by some researchers it actually
became a big issue to be in the news on (CNN/ Forbes etc) and also
caused the Routing header(RH0) to be deprecated .

Thanks,
Vishwas

On Wed, Feb 27, 2008 at 9:14 PM, Paul Ferguson <fergdawg@netzero.net> wrote:
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
>  Hash: SHA1
>
>
> - -- Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> wrote:
>
>  >Yes, in order to demonstrate that there is a long history of discourse
>  in this arena, and that it isn't necessarily very productive to make
>  the assumption that the participants in this WG are ignorant of the
>  various classes of problems which must be addressed,.  Also,
>  advocating particular solutions or classes of solutions in absence of
>  familiarity with the long history and current BCPs surrounding a given
>  problem-set isn't necessarily very productive, either.
>  >
>
>  I didn't really want to jump in on this exchange, but I feel
>  compelled to at least mention this:
>
>  Just because there has been "lengthy discourse" on various related
>  issues, I certainly think that much more dialog is needed, simply
>  due to the fact that serious operational insecurities continue to
>  resurface. This proves -- to me at least -- that "lengthy dialog"
>  in the past (historicallly speaking) has been completely and utterly
>  insufficient.
>
>
>  - - ferg
>
>  -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
>  Version: PGP Desktop 9.6.3 (Build 3017)
>
>  wj8DBQFHxkNIq1pz9mNUZTMRAhA2AKDgc3TuRfhsVIhvRyucu2PTNd0jeACgn8jT
>  bZsi2+f3NtcCmsWEaNPHQ5s=
>  =CtH6
>
> -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
>
>
>  --
>  "Fergie", a.k.a. Paul Ferguson
>   Engineering Architecture for the Internet
>   fergdawg(at)netzero.net
>   ferg's tech blog: http://fergdawg.blogspot.com/
>
>  _______________________________________________
>
>
> OPSEC mailing list
>  OPSEC@ietf.org
>  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
>
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

- -- Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> wrote:

>On Feb 28, 2008, at 12:14 PM, Paul Ferguson wrote:
>
>> Just because there has been "lengthy discourse" on various related
>> issues, I certainly think that much more dialog is needed, simply
>> due to the fact that serious operational insecurities continue to
>> resurface.
>
>Concur.  However, in order to have a productive discussion, it's  
probably a good idea to a) understand the history to date, b)  
understand the current state of the art, such as as it is, from both a  
technological and an operational standpoint, and c) to assume that  
other participants in the discussion have invested time in both a) and  
b), unless they demonstrate otherwise.
>

Okay.

So, with regards to the AS17557 leakage:

[a] History has shown, to date, that it is childishly simple to
inject prefixes into the global routing system. [1]

[b] The state of the art? I'm not even sure what that means. This
is undeniably a state-of-the-art operational issue, and personally,
I'm not banking on any technological solutions to this problem.

[c] This is most certainly a desired goal.

- - ferg

[1] On a related note, last week at NANOG, some beer-drinking
ISP engineering folks got together one evening for a "Bogon
Injection BoF" to see how many networks on the planet accepted
(and also propagated) various bogons which they injected at various
places in the global Internet. It is appalling how much fun that
had (meaning: it is appalling how many networks don't do even the
most basic bogon filtering).

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- -- "Vishwas Manral" <vishwas.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:

>One of the reasons I have started bringing up issues, is if you see
the IPv6 Routing Header
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5095.txt I brought up the issue in January
2006 and very few people payed attention then (The RFC by Joe actually
acknowledges the fact I brought up the issue first).
>

I'm less concerned about v6 specifically -- but more concerned with
operational security issues in general in the global routing system.

But thanks for the heads-up. ;-)

- - ferg

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On Feb 28, 2008, at 12:35 PM, Paul Ferguson wrote:

> [a] History has shown, to date, that it is childishly simple to
> inject prefixes into the global routing system. [1]

Yes, and there are also BCPs and features and techniques intended to  
mitigate the ill effects of same, techniques that folks like you and  
many other folks have promulgated for many years, of which we're all  
aware.

> [b] The state of the art? I'm not even sure what that means. This
> is undeniably a state-of-the-art operational issue

In other words, there are various features and techniques which exist  
today intended to address various aspects of this problem set; as you  
and others rightly point out, these features and techniques are not  
universally deployed, or anything close to it, which leaves us in our  
current sad state of affairs.

> I'm not banking on any technological solutions to this problem.

Does this mean that these classical problems (route hijacking, source  
spoofing, et. al.)  are essentially insoluble in practice, given the  
inertia, entropy, and general failure of the operational community to  
solve them after 15 years (30+ years, if one takes into consideration  
equivalent issues in X.25 networks)?  I'm not asking rhetorically,  
it's a serious question.

> (meaning: it is appalling how many networks don't do even the
> most basic bogon filtering)

Right.  So if there's no technological solution, then in what domain  
does the solution, if any, lie?  And if there is no technological  
solution, then how can this WG make a contribution to said solution,  
assuming one is possible?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile

      If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.

                    -- Malcom Forbes



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- -- Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> wrote:

>> (meaning: it is appalling how many networks don't do even the
>> most basic bogon filtering)
>
>Right.  So if there's no technological solution, then in what domain  
does the solution, if any, lie?  And if there is no technological  
solution, then how can this WG make a contribution to said solution,  
assuming one is possible?
>

I'm really not sure. Really.

That is the point I'm trying to make, since ISPs have historically
been resistive to IETF "Best Current Practices" (e.g. BCP38 is a
prime example).

Coming at this from a security perspective, the ISP landscape is
a very challenging one -- every ISP is a "one-off" wanting to do
things there own way, in their own time, and in their own interests.

My primary concern here is that if ISP don't get a grip on these
sorts of issues as a community, some other entity may force their
hand on it regionally/nationally (read: unwise government meddling).

It is in their interests, and ours, and the Internet community
at-large, to figure something out -- but again, I don't harbor a
lot of faith in some technological solution to this problem. It just
doesn't lend itself to that avenue, for various reasons.

Just to highlight a couple of issues with technological approaches,
there are:

- - CA for BGP-authenticated prefix announcements;
- - Lack of x.509 of other trusted CA;
- - Wide-spread adoption;
- - Vendor implementation;
- - Computational and real-time processor overhead

...among others, which may take years to sort out.

So, realistically we need operational & procedural priorities here.

- - ferg

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--
"Fergie", a.k.a. Paul Ferguson
 Engineering Architecture for the Internet
 fergdawg(at)netzero.net
 ferg's tech blog: http://fergdawg.blogspot.com/

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--- On Thu, 2/28/08, Paul Ferguson <fergdawg@netzero.net> wrote:

> So, realistically we need operational & procedural
> priorities here.

From my perspective, I'd like to make it harder to make a mistake.  Preventing an attack requires an order of magnitude more effort, but if we can get a little bit of incremental progress, I'd see that as a success.

Would you agree that improving the resilience to mistakes is on the right side of the 80/20 rule?


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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

- -- David Barak <thegameiam@yahoo.com> wrote:

>From my perspective, I'd like to make it harder to make a mistake. 
>Preventing an attack requires an order of magnitude more effort, but if we
>can get a little bit of incremental progress, I'd see that as a success.  
>
>Would you agree that improving the resilience to mistakes is on the right
>side of the 80/20 rule?  
>

Yes, I would most certainly agree.

However, in light of the lack of operational adherence, where does
that leave us? I'm trying to solicit suggestions from the operational
security community here.

What you you suggest? 

Please don't misunderstand -- I'm not declaring defeat, I'm just
trying to properly frame the situation.

- - ferg

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Version: PGP Desktop 9.6.3 (Build 3017)

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--
"Fergie", a.k.a. Paul Ferguson
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 fergdawg(at)netzero.net
 ferg's tech blog: http://fergdawg.blogspot.com/

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--- On Thu, 2/28/08, Paul Ferguson <fergdawg@netzero.net> wrote:
> >From my perspective, I'd like to make it harder to
> make a mistake. 
> >Preventing an attack requires an order of magnitude
> more effort, but if we
> >can get a little bit of incremental progress, I'd
> see that as a success.  
> >
> >Would you agree that improving the resilience to
> mistakes is on the right
> >side of the 80/20 rule?  
> >
> 
> Yes, I would most certainly agree.
> 
> However, in light of the lack of operational adherence,
> where does
> that leave us? I'm trying to solicit suggestions from
> the operational
> security community here.
> 
> What you you suggest? 
> 
> Please don't misunderstand -- I'm not declaring
> defeat, I'm just
> trying to properly frame the situation.

Agreed - I just think we need more meat+potatoes instruction for various folks who are new at this: c.f. the recent discussion over on cisco-nsp about how to run both OSPF and BGP by ISPs who are new to dynamic routing (!)

And then, from there, we need some ways to help them scale up, while still being good netizens.

A lot of things are sufficiently obvious to old hands that are completely opaque to folks who are new at it.  As the circle of BGP speakers grows wider, the number of people involved increases exponentially.  We have a lot of clue-distribution to do.

David Barak
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Cc: opsec wg mailing list <opsec@ietf.org>, sidr@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [OPSEC] pccw as17557 leak...
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Hi Stephen,

Ok, I understand the model you talk about now. Yes the CPU may not be
the biggest concern as the server is verifying the Cert's offline. I
guess this would also lead to models like CRL's for revocation.

Like I said earlier as SIDR does not stop malicious attacks, but only
ones caused unintentionally, is it not possible to actually use a
simpler mechanism to get over such errors?

Thanks,
Vishwas

On Thu, Feb 28, 2008 at 3:35 AM, Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com> wrote:
>
>
> At 8:31 PM -0800 2/27/08, Vishwas Manral wrote:
> Hi Stephen,
>
>  The point I raise is that there is a cost associated with this, using
>  certificates has a CPU cost associated with it.
>
>  I may be missing the point but even if you leave aside the cost of an
>  off line server to do this check but if the checks are done on each
>  new prefix we can still overload the off line server. If we do things
>  like rate limiting we can still have an attacks, or cause delays in
>  the convergence times.
>
>  Thanks,
> Vishwas
>
>
> I think you are missing the point. So long as the processing is done as an
> offline operation, not as a gating item in routing, it does not strike me as
> a DoS concern. The initial use of the infrastructure is analogous to
> downloading IRR databases and processing the RPSL assertions, an operation
> many ISPs perform today on a daily basis.
>
>
> More to the point, folks have implemented the necessary software and tested
> it with about 20K certs and CRLs and 10K ROAs, a reasonable starting point.
> I don't have the precise figures in front of me now, but I believe their
> results show that the time to do all the processing (on a laptop) is about
> 20-30 minutes, and the time is dominated by the retrieval of the data from
> online repositories, not by the crypto operations per se. For a once daily,
> offline operations, this seems quite reasonable.
>
>
> Steve
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[removing cross-post to sidr@ietf.org; cross-posting is considered  
poor form, FYI]

On Feb 28, 2008, at 9:49 PM, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> is it not possible to actually use a
> simpler mechanism to get over such errors?

So far, the empirical evidence seems to suggest, "No", unfortunately.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Roland Dobbins <rdobbins@cisco.com> // +66.83.266.6344 mobile

      If you don't know what to do, it's harder to do it.

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[I've dropped the cross-post to sidr, since people there know what  
their work is about. I seem to think there's some lack of familiarity  
in some corners of opsec, though.]

On 28-Feb-2008, at 09:49, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> Like I said earlier as SIDR does not stop malicious attacks, but only
> ones caused unintentionally, is it not possible to actually use a
> simpler mechanism to get over such errors?

Right now, if I am a new customer of an ISP and I want to announce a  
route, I send a bunch of supporting documentation such as:

  - pasted text from whois servers
  - faxed declarations on letterheads
  - PGP signatures for which no trusted key can easily be found
  - personal requests for favours from people I have drunk beer with  
at NANOG

Sooner or later, I hope that the ISP will update their prefix filters  
and accept the filter.

You can think of the SIDR work as an attempt to make the process  
outlined above more accurate and automatable (and hence quicker and  
better).

It would be a mistake to think that the SIDR work aims to solve  
routing security; the actual problem space it seeks to address is much  
smaller. If we could be certain that every route origination was made  
through an up-to-date filter built through the kind of accurate  
framework that SIDR proposes we might consider it to be some kind of  
panacea, but I think we're all aware that this is not the kind of  
Internet we live in.

Geoff described the use cases together with details of the  
certification chain in a NANOG presentation some time ago. See <http://www.potaroo.net/presentations/2006-10-07-certs.pdf 
 >.


Joe
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Hi Joe,

Note: I think Stephen cross posted because he thought it was of
interest to the SIDR list too.

May be it is well known in the SIDR community, but I do not see the
same in the charter. Then again I do not visit NANOG or drink beer.
:))

The charter seems to talk of it in the security architecture and not
just an automation mechanism of adding filters, which is what you seem
to say it is. Have a look at below:

Also if it is only between the first EBGP peer, the model can be
considerably simplified by doing the verification of the origination
at the EBGP peer and not the entire Internet. So a mechanism of
actually verifying a prefix/ AS mapping with a central authority will
be a better mechanism.

Thanks,
Vishwas

On Thu, Feb 28, 2008 at 7:11 AM, Joe Abley <jabley@ca.afilias.info> wrote:
> [I've dropped the cross-post to sidr, since people there know what
>  their work is about. I seem to think there's some lack of familiarity
>  in some corners of opsec, though.]
>
>
>  On 28-Feb-2008, at 09:49, Vishwas Manral wrote:
>
>  > Like I said earlier as SIDR does not stop malicious attacks, but only
>  > ones caused unintentionally, is it not possible to actually use a
>  > simpler mechanism to get over such errors?
>
>  Right now, if I am a new customer of an ISP and I want to announce a
>  route, I send a bunch of supporting documentation such as:
>
>   - pasted text from whois servers
>   - faxed declarations on letterheads
>   - PGP signatures for which no trusted key can easily be found
>   - personal requests for favours from people I have drunk beer with
>  at NANOG
>
>  Sooner or later, I hope that the ISP will update their prefix filters
>  and accept the filter.
>
>  You can think of the SIDR work as an attempt to make the process
>  outlined above more accurate and automatable (and hence quicker and
>  better).
>
>  It would be a mistake to think that the SIDR work aims to solve
>  routing security; the actual problem space it seeks to address is much
>  smaller. If we could be certain that every route origination was made
>  through an up-to-date filter built through the kind of accurate
>  framework that SIDR proposes we might consider it to be some kind of
>  panacea, but I think we're all aware that this is not the kind of
>  Internet we live in.
>
>  Geoff described the use cases together with details of the
>  certification chain in a NANOG presentation some time ago. See <http://www.potaroo.net/presentations/2006-10-07-certs.pdf
>   >.
>
>
>  Joe
>
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From: Joe Abley <jabley@ca.afilias.info>
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Subject: Re: [OPSEC] pccw as17557 leak...
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On 28-Feb-2008, at 11:01, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> The charter seems to talk of it in the security architecture and not
> just an automation mechanism of adding filters, which is what you seem
> to say it is. Have a look at below:

It's quite possible I'm speaking about just one element of the SIDR  
work (that of resource certification) and that I should not generalise  
about the efforts of the wg as a whole.

> Also if it is only between the first EBGP peer, the model can be
> considerably simplified by doing the verification of the origination
> at the EBGP peer and not the entire Internet. So a mechanism of
> actually verifying a prefix/ AS mapping with a central authority will
> be a better mechanism.

Verifying a prefix/AS mapping with a central authority (via chained  
certificates) is what the work I was talking about is intended to  
facilitate.


Joe

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From: "Vishwas Manral" <vishwas.ietf@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSEC] [Sidr]  pccw as17557 leak...
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Hi Sandra,

Thanks for the reply. You put forward the all the points correctly and
precisely.

My concern is that, unlike the normal PKI model where the final output
is to authenticate the user using the just the certificate, the
Routing based model we are now talking about verifying just a small
bit of information which is used for the BGP Best Path selection - the
sanity of which we are trying to protect, and protecting just the
Origin does not make sense in a malicious case at all. Though you may
say that it protects in case the malicious person plays with the
Origin attribute, it however does not protect much as with the same
amount of effort a malicious person can still cause the same attacks.
What increases is the over head in each of the domains to maintain the
new PKI information.

After reading a bit through what Pekka/ Danny/ Joe Abely said away in
which we could update the filters between peers automatically(only
relating to routes originated by the peer), from the RIR, we may
achieve the very same functionality.

Thanks,
Vishwas

On Thu, Feb 28, 2008 at 8:34 AM, Sandra Murphy <sandy@sparta.com> wrote:
>
>
>  On Thu, 28 Feb 2008, Vishwas Manral wrote:
>
>  > Hi Stephen,
>  >
>
> > Ok, I understand the model you talk about now. Yes the CPU may not be
>  > the biggest concern as the server is verifying the Cert's offline. I
>  > guess this would also lead to models like CRL's for revocation.
>  >
>  > Like I said earlier as SIDR does not stop malicious attacks, but only
>  > ones caused unintentionally, is it not possible to actually use a
>  > simpler mechanism to get over such errors?
>  >
>  > Thanks,
>  > Vishwas
>  >
>
>  Vishwas, the current SIDR work is focused on preventing attacks
>  (faulty/misconfigured/subverted/malicious/whatever) against the
>  origination of routing advertisements, by providing strong assurance of
>  who holds what prefixes, and therefore who can authorize origination of
>  a prefix.
>
>  (And in the leak that is the subject of this email chain, the fully
>  deployed system would indeed have detected the mis-origination, in any AS
>  that had received the mis-origination, not just the direct link up from
>  the customer.)
>
>  The concerns you raise are recognized subjects for further work.
>
>  But all of the very many proposals for securing BGP (see: S-BGP, soBGP,
>  psBGP, SPV, etc., etc.) rely on protecting this initial bit of routing
>  information: originating a route to a prefix.  So defining this work is a
>  basis for defining future fuller protection techniques as well.
>
>  All simpler mechanisms I have ever heard of for protecting origination of
>  routing advertisements are either much lower assurance, or based on data
>  with similar strong protections but not more assurance, or not extensible
>  to protecting more features of BGP exchanges.
>
>
>  --Sandy
>
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A lot of us do filter customer BGP announcements.
Most of us only allow our customers to announce their own AS and
netblocks.
Most won't advertise anything smaller then a /24 for their customers.


In peering especially with other large peers filtering 
announcements to the set of blocks "owned" by the peer is a bad idea.
If a partial network outage causes your peer to be the best path to you
from some portion of the internet you WANT the packets to use the best
path not the path that is now broken:)



RM=for(1)
{manage_risk(identify_risk(product[i++]) &&
(identify_threat[product[i++]))}
Donald.Smith@qwest.com giac 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: opsec-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:opsec-bounces@ietf.org] 
> On Behalf Of Paul Ferguson
> Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2008 12:19 PM
> To: rbonica@juniper.net
> Cc: opsec@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [OPSEC] pccw as17557 leak...
> 
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
> 
> - -- Ron Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net> wrote:
> 
> >I think that it would helpful if this working group were to produce a
> >document (or two) recommending BGP policy for ISP.
> 
> If you do decide to do this, please engage people in the operational
> community. Please.
> 
> Over on the NANOG list, as many of you are probably already aware,
> this issue is one that has been highlighted on several ocassions --
> the fact that appropriate RFCs and BCPs exist to address specific
> operational issues, yet many ISPs choose to ignore them or are
> simply ignorant of them.
> 
> Separate problems, but certainly there is a lesson to be
> learned here: the operational community has long known that
> filtering downstream/customer ASs for prefix announcements is
> a Good Thing, yet the majority of ISPs on the planet simply do
> not do it...
> 
> - - ferg
> 
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
> Version: PGP Desktop 9.6.3 (Build 3017)
> 
> wj8DBQFHxbeVq1pz9mNUZTMRAnsRAJ4ugSnmh8m/9W6s6nVFrITMP55ziACgxmb8
> YdUCHYvWrodg4D/xOOW7V0M=
> =A4Ox
> -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
> 
> 
> --
> "Fergie", a.k.a. Paul Ferguson
>  Engineering Architecture for the Internet
>  fergdawg(at)netzero.net
>  ferg's tech blog: http://fergdawg.blogspot.com/
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> OPSEC mailing list
> OPSEC@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
> 


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Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2008 10:56:58 -0800
From: "Vishwas Manral" <vishwas.ietf@gmail.com>
To: "Sandra Murphy" <sandy@sparta.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSEC] [Sidr]  pccw as17557 leak...
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Hi Sandra,

Thanks again for the information in both the mails. I got to read the
differences between the RIR and the IRR. I also agree to the fact that
in case we have some mechanism which can verify all the attributes of
a route, then such a certificate which does this would be helpful, and
then the infrastructure you talk about would be helpful too.

I understand the fact that we are talking about a NLRI and the AS
element in the AS_PATH. I still look very interestingly at differences
we have between AS_SEQUENCE and AS_SET (if we are to verify an update
more than one hop away which element in the AS-SET to verify it
against - not much difference though if we have only one AS number in
the AS_PATH).

The only point I want to add to the discussion is because we have to
verify the Origin only in the first hop peer, we do not need a global
database (as I mentioned we are not saving against malicious attacks
in any case).

Thanks,
Vishwas

On Thu, Feb 28, 2008 at 10:13 AM, Sandra Murphy <sandy@sparta.com> wrote:
>
>  On Thu, 28 Feb 2008, Vishwas Manral wrote:
>
>  > Hi Sandra,
>
> >
>  > After reading a bit through what Pekka/ Danny/ Joe Abely said away in
>  > which we could update the filters between peers automatically(only
>  > relating to routes originated by the peer), from the RIR, we may
>  > achieve the very same functionality.
>  >
>
>  Generating filters from IRR (not RIR, a point it took me a while to learn)
>  data is indeed similar, with the following differences:
>
>  (a) Security (authenticity, integrity and authorization) of IRR data
>  varies widely among IRR's.  And there are quite a few IRRs.
>
>  (b) Even those IRRs associated with RIRs can protect authn/int/authr of
>  only that data that comes from their own members.
>
>  (c) RIPE uses the strongest security model among the many IRRs, but their
>  system relies on protection of the communication with the user (and the
>  protection varies from user to user) and the protection of communication
>  to the person accessing the data.  The protection is not stored with the
>  data, so the reader must rely on the IRR to get it right.  I don't think
>  the reader can tell what protection was used to put the data in there, so
>  there's no way for the reader to judge the assurance in the data.
>
>  (d) This is not a mechanism that could extent to protection of the other
>  BGP features that you have mentioned.  So if/when we decide to work on
>  those features, we'd have to start over with the system we are building
>  now anyway.
>
>  --Sandy
>
>
>
>
_______________________________________________
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From: "Vishwas Manral" <vishwas.ietf@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSEC] [Sidr]  pccw as17557 leak...
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Hi Sandra,

To further clarify,
>  The only point I want to add to the discussion is because we have to
>  verify the Origin only in the first hop peer, we do not need a global
>  database (as I mentioned we are not saving against malicious attacks
>  in any case).
This would mean for someone who gets the information from RIPE does
not need to necessarily use the mechanism the way it currently stands.

Thanks,
Vishwas

On Thu, Feb 28, 2008 at 10:56 AM, Vishwas Manral <vishwas.ietf@gmail.com> wrote:
> Hi Sandra,
>
>  Thanks again for the information in both the mails. I got to read the
>  differences between the RIR and the IRR. I also agree to the fact that
>  in case we have some mechanism which can verify all the attributes of
>  a route, then such a certificate which does this would be helpful, and
>  then the infrastructure you talk about would be helpful too.
>
>  I understand the fact that we are talking about a NLRI and the AS
>  element in the AS_PATH. I still look very interestingly at differences
>  we have between AS_SEQUENCE and AS_SET (if we are to verify an update
>  more than one hop away which element in the AS-SET to verify it
>  against - not much difference though if we have only one AS number in
>  the AS_PATH).
>
>  The only point I want to add to the discussion is because we have to
>  verify the Origin only in the first hop peer, we do not need a global
>  database (as I mentioned we are not saving against malicious attacks
>  in any case).
>
>  Thanks,
>  Vishwas
>
>
>
>  On Thu, Feb 28, 2008 at 10:13 AM, Sandra Murphy <sandy@sparta.com> wrote:
>  >
>  >  On Thu, 28 Feb 2008, Vishwas Manral wrote:
>  >
>  >  > Hi Sandra,
>  >
>  > >
>  >  > After reading a bit through what Pekka/ Danny/ Joe Abely said away in
>  >  > which we could update the filters between peers automatically(only
>  >  > relating to routes originated by the peer), from the RIR, we may
>  >  > achieve the very same functionality.
>  >  >
>  >
>  >  Generating filters from IRR (not RIR, a point it took me a while to learn)
>  >  data is indeed similar, with the following differences:
>  >
>  >  (a) Security (authenticity, integrity and authorization) of IRR data
>  >  varies widely among IRR's.  And there are quite a few IRRs.
>  >
>  >  (b) Even those IRRs associated with RIRs can protect authn/int/authr of
>  >  only that data that comes from their own members.
>  >
>  >  (c) RIPE uses the strongest security model among the many IRRs, but their
>  >  system relies on protection of the communication with the user (and the
>  >  protection varies from user to user) and the protection of communication
>  >  to the person accessing the data.  The protection is not stored with the
>  >  data, so the reader must rely on the IRR to get it right.  I don't think
>  >  the reader can tell what protection was used to put the data in there, so
>  >  there's no way for the reader to judge the assurance in the data.
>  >
>  >  (d) This is not a mechanism that could extent to protection of the other
>  >  BGP features that you have mentioned.  So if/when we decide to work on
>  >  those features, we'd have to start over with the system we are building
>  >  now anyway.
>  >
>  >  --Sandy
>  >
>  >
>  >
>  >
>
_______________________________________________
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On Thu, 28 Feb 2008, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> Hi Stephen,
>
> Ok, I understand the model you talk about now. Yes the CPU may not be
> the biggest concern as the server is verifying the Cert's offline. I
> guess this would also lead to models like CRL's for revocation.
>
> Like I said earlier as SIDR does not stop malicious attacks, but only
> ones caused unintentionally, is it not possible to actually use a
> simpler mechanism to get over such errors?
>
> Thanks,
> Vishwas
>

Vishwas, the current SIDR work is focused on preventing attacks 
(faulty/misconfigured/subverted/malicious/whatever) against the 
origination of routing advertisements, by providing strong assurance of 
who holds what prefixes, and therefore who can authorize origination of 
a prefix.

(And in the leak that is the subject of this email chain, the fully 
deployed system would indeed have detected the mis-origination, in any AS 
that had received the mis-origination, not just the direct link up from 
the customer.)

The concerns you raise are recognized subjects for further work.

But all of the very many proposals for securing BGP (see: S-BGP, soBGP, 
psBGP, SPV, etc., etc.) rely on protecting this initial bit of routing 
information: originating a route to a prefix.  So defining this work is a 
basis for defining future fuller protection techniques as well.

All simpler mechanisms I have ever heard of for protecting origination of 
routing advertisements are either much lower assurance, or based on data 
with similar strong protections but not more assurance, or not extensible 
to protecting more features of BGP exchanges.


--Sandy
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On Wed, 27 Feb 2008 19:18:47 GMT
"Paul Ferguson" <fergdawg@netzero.net> wrote:

> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
> 
> - -- Ron Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net> wrote:
> 
> >I think that it would helpful if this working group were to produce a
> >document (or two) recommending BGP policy for ISP.
> 
> If you do decide to do this, please engage people in the operational
> community. Please.
> 

(Am an operator ...)

It seems to me that they're the ones not engaging. They seem to be the
ones not signing up to IETF mailing lists, or spending time reading
drafts and providing feedback.

If they choose not to be involved in a process they can be, I don't
think they can blame the other party for their own lack of involvement.

> Over on the NANOG list, as many of you are probably already aware,
> this issue is one that has been highlighted on several ocassions --
> the fact that appropriate RFCs and BCPs exist to address specific
> operational issues, yet many ISPs choose to ignore them or are
> simply ignorant of them.
> 

It seems to me that remaining ignorant is a choice they've decided to
make, and one that the IETF can't really force them to make
differently. "For the good of the Internet" doesn't seem to hold much
sway ...

> Separate problems, but certainly there is a lesson to be
> learned here: the operational community has long known that
> filtering downstream/customer ASs for prefix announcements is
> a Good Thing, yet the majority of ISPs on the planet simply do
> not do it...
> 
> - - ferg
> 
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
> Version: PGP Desktop 9.6.3 (Build 3017)
> 
> wj8DBQFHxbeVq1pz9mNUZTMRAnsRAJ4ugSnmh8m/9W6s6nVFrITMP55ziACgxmb8
> YdUCHYvWrodg4D/xOOW7V0M=
> =A4Ox
> -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
> 
> 
> --
> "Fergie", a.k.a. Paul Ferguson
>  Engineering Architecture for the Internet
>  fergdawg(at)netzero.net
>  ferg's tech blog: http://fergdawg.blogspot.com/
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> OPSEC mailing list
> OPSEC@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec


-- 

        "Sheep are slow and tasty, and therefore must remain constantly
         alert."
                                   - Bruce Schneier, "Beyond Fear"
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On Thu, 28 Feb 2008, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> Hi Sandra,
>
> Thanks again for the information in both the mails. I got to read the
> differences between the RIR and the IRR. I also agree to the fact that
> in case we have some mechanism which can verify all the attributes of
> a route, then such a certificate which does this would be helpful, and
> then the infrastructure you talk about would be helpful too.
>
> I understand the fact that we are talking about a NLRI and the AS
> element in the AS_PATH. I still look very interestingly at differences
> we have between AS_SEQUENCE and AS_SET (if we are to verify an update
> more than one hop away which element in the AS-SET to verify it
> against - not much difference though if we have only one AS number in
> the AS_PATH).

You are right that we have not considered how you validate an AS_PATH 
where the origination is an AS_SET.  That has been looked at before, and 
it is complicated and the possibilities of providing some protection 
aren't good, even on the theoretical level.  Keep in mind that the number 
of BGP Updates that contain AS_SET anywhere in the AS_PATH are a tiny, 
tiny, percentage (one figure I saw recently was 10K out of a base of 91M 
updates - .01%).  As a wg, we decided not to work on this right now.

>
> The only point I want to add to the discussion is because we have to
> verify the Origin only in the first hop peer, we do not need a global
> database (as I mentioned we are not saving against malicious attacks
> in any case).

As long as *every* first hop peer does the appropriate strong 
verification, you would be good.

But this system allows ASs beyond the first hop to verify the origination 
of the route.  So, for example, UUNET could have verified the 
announcements it saw from PCCW even if PCCW did no check and propogated 
the bogus announcement.

(As "Origin" is a BGP attribute with a different semantics, perhaps we 
should avoid using that term in this context to avoid confusion.)

And, finally, yes we *are* protecting against malicious attacks (as well 
as accidental attacks) on those features we *are* intending to protect. 
No, we are not protecting against malicious attacks (or accidental 
attacks) on features we are *not* intending to protect.  The difference is 
not malicious vs accidental, the difference is scope of protection.

You think we haven't gone far enough, I'm saying what we're building is 
the basis for any further protection.

--Sandy
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On Thu, 28 Feb 2008, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> Hi Sandra,
>
> After reading a bit through what Pekka/ Danny/ Joe Abely said away in
> which we could update the filters between peers automatically(only
> relating to routes originated by the peer), from the RIR, we may
> achieve the very same functionality.
>

Generating filters from IRR (not RIR, a point it took me a while to learn) 
data is indeed similar, with the following differences:

(a) Security (authenticity, integrity and authorization) of IRR data 
varies widely among IRR's.  And there are quite a few IRRs.

(b) Even those IRRs associated with RIRs can protect authn/int/authr of 
only that data that comes from their own members.

(c) RIPE uses the strongest security model among the many IRRs, but their 
system relies on protection of the communication with the user (and the 
protection varies from user to user) and the protection of communication 
to the person accessing the data.  The protection is not stored with the 
data, so the reader must rely on the IRR to get it right.  I don't think 
the reader can tell what protection was used to put the data in there, so 
there's no way for the reader to judge the assurance in the data.

(d) This is not a mechanism that could extent to protection of the other 
BGP features that you have mentioned.  So if/when we decide to work on 
those features, we'd have to start over with the system we are building 
now anyway.

--Sandy



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On Thu, 28 Feb 2008, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> Hi Sandra,
>
> Thanks for the reply. You put forward the all the points correctly and
> precisely.
>
> My concern is that, unlike the normal PKI model where the final output
> is to authenticate the user using the just the certificate, the
> Routing based model we are now talking about verifying just a small
> bit of information which is used for the BGP Best Path selection - the
> sanity of which we are trying to protect, and protecting just the
> Origin does not make sense in a malicious case at all. Though you may
> say that it protects in case the malicious person plays with the
> Origin attribute, it however does not protect much as with the same
> amount of effort a malicious person can still cause the same attacks.
> What increases is the over head in each of the domains to maintain the
> new PKI information.
>

(Yes, I know I already replied to this message, but to a different point 
and I wanted to keep them separate.)

When I say origination of route advertisements, I am not talking about the 
ORIGIN attribute in the BGP Update.

I am talking about an ISP that creates a BGP Update that has an AS_PATH 
containing only its AS number.  That is the point at which a route is 
first advertised into the BGP system.  I'm talking about an action, not a 
protocol field.

It is indeed possible for a route to modify attributes other than the 
AS_PATH.  But many of those (local preference, community strings, etc) 
have only local significance.  And as we have seen, bogus AS_PATHs have a 
whole lot of impact.

--Sandy

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On Thu, 28 Feb 2008, Vishwas Manral wrote:

> Hi Sandra,
>
> To further clarify,
>>  The only point I want to add to the discussion is because we have to
>>  verify the Origin only in the first hop peer, we do not need a global
>>  database (as I mentioned we are not saving against malicious attacks
>>  in any case).
> This would mean for someone who gets the information from RIPE does
> not need to necessarily use the mechanism the way it currently stands.
>


As long as:

(a) you were interested in protecting only those prefixes that are managed 
by RIPE - data in RIPE about other prefixes doesn't fall under the 
protection of their security model, and the RIPE database does not 
contain all prefixes,

and

(b) you were comfortable with the trust model of RIPE (they authenticate 
the upload of the data with varying strength of authentication and you 
must get the data, whose aussurance you can not yourself verify, from them 
and only them with a protected transport they support).

As an additional wrinkle, I believe that RIPE does allocate prefixes to 
LIRs.  I do not know if the LIRs are required to maintain the RIPE 
security model in their allocations.

--Sandy
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At 5:12 PM -0800 2/27/08, Vishwas Manral wrote:
>Hi folks,
>
>I looked at the SIDR documents in brief. It can probably be used to
>help prevent any attacks caused due to non-malicious intent.
>
>I found easy ways to get over the SIDR security when done with a
>malicious intent. SIDR just tells the mapping between AFI, AF and AS
>number which can originate the same. However the choosing of a route
>by BGP does not depend on these fields alone. So if a malicious router
>changed the attributes attached to an NLRI update so that it becomes
>the chosen AS to the prefix (of course without changing the
>originating AS field). It can still redirect all the traffic to itself
>for the prefix and then do whatever malicious it wants to do,
>including just drop the packet.
>
>In this way still achieving the attack, but this time for sure with
>malicious intent.
>
>Thanks,
>Vishwas


Your example of how an AS can tamper with a route, without changing 
the origin AS assertion is correct. I think the SIDR WG participants 
understand that.
The work so far i SIDR focuses on establishing an infrastructure that 
will enable more comprehensive routing security capabilities in the 
future.  Both the soBGP and SBGP proposal need this sort of 
infrastructure, so it is viewed as a reasonable initial effort.

I also agree with your observation that the infrastructure makes it 
potentially easier to distinguish between some forms of attacks vs. 
accidental routing errors, and that, in itself, seems valuable too.

Steve
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At 7:13 PM -0800 2/27/08, Vishwas Manral wrote:
>Hi Steve,
>
>Thanks a lot for the comments. I agree it can be a good first step but
>not sure what the future holds.
>
>I am not sure if a heavy solution like this is required which only
>gives reasonable security. What about the CPU DoS attacks that can be
>result when new random routes are injected into a domain.
>
>Thanks again,
>Vishwas
>

Vishwas,

The current SIDR plans for use of this infrastructure calls for ISPs 
to download the certs, CRLs, ROAs, etc. on a daily basis, to process 
them offline, and to use the results in constructing route filters. 
Even the more comprehensive models offered by SBGP and soBGP did not 
require routers to process certs, CRLs, etc., i.e., they assume 
offline processing to verify signed objects and pass the results to 
routers to use in route verification.

Give this background, I don't know what sort of CPU DoS attacks you 
are worried about.  Could you provide some additional context?

Steve
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Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2008 06:35:20 -0500
To: "Vishwas Manral" <vishwas.ietf@gmail.com>
From: Stephen Kent <kent@bbn.com>
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Subject: Re: [OPSEC] pccw as17557 leak...
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At 8:31 PM -0800 2/27/08, Vishwas Manral wrote:
>Hi Stephen,
>
>The point I raise is that there is a cost associated with this, using
>certificates has a CPU cost associated with it.
>
>I may be missing the point but even if you leave aside the cost of an
>off line server to do this check but if the checks are done on each
>new prefix we can still overload the off line server. If we do things
>like rate limiting we can still have an attacks, or cause delays in
>the convergence times.
>
>Thanks,
>Vishwas

I think you are missing the point. So long as the processing is done 
as an offline operation, not as a gating item in routing, it does not 
strike me as a DoS concern. The initial use of the infrastructure is 
analogous to downloading IRR databases and processing the RPSL 
assertions, an operation many ISPs perform today on a daily basis.

More to the point, folks have implemented the necessary software and 
tested it with about 20K certs and CRLs and 10K ROAs, a reasonable 
starting point. I don't have the precise figures in front of me now, 
but I believe their results show that the time to do all the 
processing (on a laptop) is about 20-30 minutes, and the time is 
dominated by the retrieval of the data from online repositories, not 
by the crypto operations per se. For a once daily, offline 
operations, this seems quite reasonable.

Steve
--============_-1007923971==_ma============
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<!doctype html public "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<html><head><style type="text/css"><!--
blockquote, dl, ul, ol, li { padding-top: 0 ; padding-bottom: 0 }
 --></style><title>Re: [OPSEC] pccw as17557
leak...</title></head><body>
<div>At 8:31 PM -0800 2/27/08, Vishwas Manral wrote:</div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite>Hi Stephen,<br>
<br>
The point I raise is that there is a cost associated with this,
using<br>
certificates has a CPU cost associated with it.<br>
<br>
I may be missing the point but even if you leave aside the cost of
an<br>
off line server to do this check but if the checks are done on
each<br>
new prefix we can still overload the off line server. If we do
things<br>
like rate limiting we can still have an attacks, or cause delays
in<br>
the convergence times.<br>
<br>
Thanks,</blockquote>
<blockquote type="cite" cite>Vishwas</blockquote>
<div><br></div>
<div>I think you<u> are</u> missing the point. So long as the
processing is done as an offline operation, not as a gating item in
routing, it does not strike me as a DoS concern. The initial use of
the infrastructure is analogous to downloading IRR databases and
processing the RPSL assertions, an operation many ISPs perform today
on a daily basis.</div>
<div><br></div>
<div>More to the point, folks have implemented the necessary software
and tested it with about 20K certs and CRLs and 10K ROAs, a reasonable
starting point. I don't have the precise figures in front of me now,
but I believe their results show that the time to do all the
processing (on a laptop) is about 20-30 minutes, and the time is
dominated by the retrieval of the data from online repositories, not
by the crypto operations per se. For a once daily, offline operations,
this seems quite reasonable.</div>
<div><br></div>
<div>Steve</div>
</body>
</html>
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_______________________________________________
OPSEC mailing list
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https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec

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From: "David Harrington" <ietfdbh@comcast.net>
To: "'Mark Smith'"
	<nanog@85d5b20a518b8f6864949bd940457dc124746ddc.nosense.org>, 
	"'Paul Ferguson'" <fergdawg@netzero.net>
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Date: Fri, 29 Feb 2008 12:05:07 -0500
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Cc: opsec@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [OPSEC] pccw as17557 leak...
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Hi,

[Am not an operator ...; am a professional standards developer]

The IETF produces products (standards, BCPs, et al ) and the operators
are our potential customers. Standards are our real products, and BCPs
are our white papers.

As with most producers of products, you cannot force customers to use
your products correctly, you can only work to explain why it is to
their benefit to do so. Maybe the RFCs and BCPs they ignore are heavy
on technical engineering details, and short on why it is beneficial to
customers to use our products properly.

I don't think we should not produce BCPs because they might be
ignored. We should work on improving our BCPs to highlight how
following best current practices will benefit the operators, and the
companies they work for. (But not producing marketing fluff.)

And, of course, promoting the BCPs at NOGs would be helpful, through
tutorials and presentations. Many vendors promote the effective use of
their products through tutorials and white papers rather than waiting
for customers to get involved by signing up for the vendors' internal
mailing lists for product engineering. ;-)

David Harrington
dbharrington@comcast.net
ietfdbh@comcast.net
dharrington@huawei.com


> -----Original Message-----
> From: opsec-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:opsec-bounces@ietf.org] 
> On Behalf Of Mark Smith
> Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2008 3:38 PM
> To: Paul Ferguson
> Cc: opsec@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [OPSEC] pccw as17557 leak...
> 
> On Wed, 27 Feb 2008 19:18:47 GMT
> "Paul Ferguson" <fergdawg@netzero.net> wrote:
> 
> > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> > Hash: SHA1
> > 
> > - -- Ron Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net> wrote:
> > 
> > >I think that it would helpful if this working group were 
> to produce a
> > >document (or two) recommending BGP policy for ISP.
> > 
> > If you do decide to do this, please engage people in the
operational
> > community. Please.
> > 
> 
> (Am an operator ...)
> 
> It seems to me that they're the ones not engaging. They seem to be
the
> ones not signing up to IETF mailing lists, or spending time reading
> drafts and providing feedback.
> 
> If they choose not to be involved in a process they can be, I don't
> think they can blame the other party for their own lack of 
> involvement.
> 
> > Over on the NANOG list, as many of you are probably already aware,
> > this issue is one that has been highlighted on several ocassions
--
> > the fact that appropriate RFCs and BCPs exist to address specific
> > operational issues, yet many ISPs choose to ignore them or are
> > simply ignorant of them.
> > 
> 
> It seems to me that remaining ignorant is a choice they've decided
to
> make, and one that the IETF can't really force them to make
> differently. "For the good of the Internet" doesn't seem to hold
much
> sway ...
> 
> > Separate problems, but certainly there is a lesson to be
> > learned here: the operational community has long known that
> > filtering downstream/customer ASs for prefix announcements is
> > a Good Thing, yet the majority of ISPs on the planet simply do
> > not do it...
> > 
> > - - ferg
> > 
> > -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
> > Version: PGP Desktop 9.6.3 (Build 3017)
> > 
> > wj8DBQFHxbeVq1pz9mNUZTMRAnsRAJ4ugSnmh8m/9W6s6nVFrITMP55ziACgxmb8
> > YdUCHYvWrodg4D/xOOW7V0M=
> > =A4Ox
> > -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
> > 
> > 
> > --
> > "Fergie", a.k.a. Paul Ferguson
> >  Engineering Architecture for the Internet
> >  fergdawg(at)netzero.net
> >  ferg's tech blog: http://fergdawg.blogspot.com/
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > OPSEC mailing list
> > OPSEC@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
> 
> 
> -- 
> 
>         "Sheep are slow and tasty, and therefore must remain 
> constantly
>          alert."
>                                    - Bruce Schneier, "Beyond Fear"
> _______________________________________________
> OPSEC mailing list
> OPSEC@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsec
> 


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