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Date: Tue, 5 Oct 2004 11:37:38 -0400
From: "Madhavi W. Chandra" <mchandra@cisco.com>
To: "Spagnolo, Phillip A" <phillip.a.spagnolo@boeing.com>
Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] DT Direction...
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Hi Phillip,

Sorry for the late response. It's great that you are implementing our
draft! I consulted with our software engineer Pratap who implemented
this portion of our design.  Please see inline...much of this is
feedback from Pratap.

On Fri, Sep 24, 2004 at 12:54:20PM -0700, Spagnolo, Phillip A wrote:
> Here are few comments on differential hellos from implementing Cisco's
> draft.
> 
> I would call the differential hellos a moderately hard piece.  From my
> experience, it is harder than optimized flooding.  But, I wouldn't rule
> it out do to implementation, after it is completed it can work well.  My

Yes, there are new components or terms added to the Hello process.
Thus, it may look complicated.  According to Pratap, "I don't think 
it really is as complicated as it sounds."  In any case, this is
subjective.  As you say, it can work well...thus, let's look at the
objective issues below.

> biggest question about differential hellos is adding a non-periodic
> component to the hello process.

Not sure what you mean here...  

It is up to the implementation when a change is sent. For example, a
change can trigger a Hello or you can send all the changes once at the
end of the Hello-interval.  Note that this is not like a route change
where we need to worry about how fast we notify neighbors.
 
> A few of the changes necessary (not inclusive):
> -state machine (Differential hellos require a somewhat complicated state
> machine and processing of the TLVs.  You cannot process the hello
> message in order of the TLVs, you must keep all TLVs in memory before
> determining what should be done with the packet.)

Actually, there is no real change to neighbor state machine.  However,
there is a new state machine added for hello processing. The logic can
be simplified to something like this:

- Receive Incremental Hello
    if SCS is same, ignore
    if SCS is SCS+1,
       if incomplete-bit is set, send request and ignore the hello
       if incomplete-bit not set,
           Process each TLV
    else
       Send request

- Receive Hello with response bit set,
    Process all the TLVs

When you receive a Hello, you have the whole Hello in the buffer
pool memory...which is all you need to process TLVs.  After OSPF
processes the Hello, it gets rid of that memory.  You don't need to
save the TLVs into seperate memory before processing them.

> -sequence # (Increment for any state change)

If you are sending all changes within the Hello-interval, then you
need to only increment the SCS once for all changes before sending the
Hello.

> -Active neighbors (only send in initial hello after new neighbor)
> -Drop neighbors (require keeping history of dropped neighbors for 4
> *dead interval, clear drop neighbor if renewed)

For this part, you need to maintain a separate list and a timer...for
persistant sending.  Note that with the introduction of the
incomplete-bit, persistent sending of TLVs is flexible.  Meaning, any
TLV can be sent persistently using this bit if that TLV is deemed
'more' important (to avoid request/reply)...or sent only once...in
which case you wouldn't need the separate list and timer. 

> -Relays added (similar to neighbors)
> -Relay deleted  (similar to neighbors)

The relay list is saved in memory.  Upon calculation of the relay
set, the deltas are sent in the Hello (either immediately...or at the
expiration of Hello-interval)....and the new relay list is saved.  The
details of what information must be saved in the 'interim' depends on
when the Hello is sent (immediately or after Hello-interval).

> -Partial state (must make checks of how many items in hello changed from
> previous state and set flag if partial info)

The incomplete-bit was added to provide flexibility in persistently
sending information...and accuracy.  It allows the receiver to be sure
in identifying if anything changed from previous Hello, *without*
having to save the previous Hello.  

For example, let's say we have SCS 10 for a neighbor and we then
receive a Hello with SCS 11.  The logic now is simple.  If the bit is
set, it means that this is persistent information...and the original
SCS 11 was lost...so the receiver can request.  If this bit is NOT
set, it means that this is the original SCS 11 packet...so process it
and save SCS 11 for the neighbor.  Now, let's say that a Hello with
SCS 11 with the incomplete bit set is received.  The receiver knows that
this is just persistent info...and it already has the info...so no
processing needed.  So, there is no need to see how many things
changed from previous Hello.

Hope this helps!

Regards,
Madhavi


 
> -Graceful restart (has to be changed due to partial info)
> 
> Phil
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Henderson, Thomas R 
> > Sent: Friday, September 24, 2004 8:39 AM
> > To: Spagnolo, Phillip A
> > Subject: FW: [Ospf-wireless-design] DT Direction...
> > 
> > 
> > can you comment on how easy/hard it was to implement the
> > differential hello piece, and if hard, what was hard about
> > it?
> > 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Abhay Roy [mailto:akr@cisco.com] 
> > Sent: Thursday, September 23, 2004 11:53 PM
> > To: Acee Lindem
> > Cc: ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] DT Direction...
> > 
> > 
> > Acee,
> > 
> > Yes I agree that flooding is where the biggest gains can be made. 
> > So of course we need to start from there. But the "every little 
> > bit helps" logic is very valid too ;) And in fact it has been 
> > brought up by some of the customers we are talking to.
> > 
> > I also pointed earlier that we are proposing to overload Hello 
> > with (possibly) a lot of new information. So an attempt to 
> > condense this information using a seq# (incremental) approach 
> > seems appealing in theory. I would like to suggest that we wait to 
> > see some simulation/measurement numbers before ruling it out.
> > 
> > Regards,
> > -Roy-
> > 
> > On 09/22/04-0400 at 6:17pm, Acee Lindem writes:
> > 
> > > I believe everybody agrees that flooding needs to be 
> > optimised but is
> > > it really a a forgone conclusion that we need to optimise hellos
> > > and database exchange? I know that there was one vote for optimising
> > > hello since "every little bit helps".  However, as OSPF WG 
> > co-chair and
> > > steward of the protocol, I see one of my main roles as 
> > questioning whether or 
> > > not the existing mechanisms need to be changed. 
> > > Also, if flooding is dominant and database exchange is a 
> > factor, why wouldn't 
> > > we want to focus on reducing the amount of information? I 
> > don't have a 
> > > proposal for this but I've wondered why nobody has
> > > gone down this path. 
> > > Thanks,
> > > Acee 
> > > ----- Original Message ----- From: "Madhavi W. Chandra" 
> > <mchandra@cisco.com>
> > > To: <ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org>
> > > Sent: Wednesday, September 01, 2004 12:22 PM
> > > Subject: [Ospf-wireless-design] DT Direction...
> > >
> > >
> > >> Hi All,
> > >> 
> > >> I put together a brief outline as a suggested direction 
> > for our Design
> > >> Team.  For credibility and effectiveness of the DT, I 
> > think we need to
> > >> have focused direction and timelines.  Basically, we 
> > shouldn't try to
> > >> solve everything under the sun for OSPF-MANET...and we 
> > shouldn't drag
> > >> this on to the point that know one will care...including 
> > us the DT! :)
> > >> 
> > >> Please see attached.  I also put in there the generic requirements
> > >> that we (Cisco) have gotten from customers that lead to our design
> > >> proposals. (Due to NDAs, I cannot share specifics.)
> > >> 
> > >>> From what I understand, the problem statement is more an 
> > agreement,
> > >> and not a formal draft.  So, we should be able to reach that in a
> > >> couple of weeks.
> > >> 
> > >> Thanks!
> > >> -Madhavi
> > >> 
> > >
> > >
> > > 
> > --------------------------------------------------------------
> > ------------------
> > >
> > >
> > >> _______________________________________________
> > >> Ospf-wireless-design mailing list
> > >> Ospf-wireless-design@lists.ietf.org
> > >> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ospf-wireless-design
> > >> 
> > >
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Ospf-wireless-design mailing list
> > > Ospf-wireless-design@lists.ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ospf-wireless-design
> > >
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ospf-wireless-design mailing list
> > Ospf-wireless-design@lists.ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ospf-wireless-design
> > 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [Ospf-wireless-design] DT Direction...
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Hi Madhavi,
Thanks for your response, and thanks for talking with Pratap.  My e-mail
was designed to give some insight into how hard/easy the differential
hello piece was to implement.  I agree that the difficulty in
implementing differential hellos is subjective and I don't claim to be
an expert implementer.  However, the complexity of differential hellos
is definitely greater than the current hello scheme. But once again, I
don't propose that complexity in this case is a reason to discard
differential hellos.

Here is a response to your comments:

My comment that a non-periodic component is added to the hello process
comes in two parts.  First, you are now sending additional "unicast
hellos" in the form of requests.  A unicast request cannot be used to
say hello to everyone.  Second, answers MAY be sent immediately per
implementers choice.

I didn't mean a change is made to the neighbor state machine.  I meant
the state machine for processing a differential hello has many case.  I
will expand on your state machine below.  The basic concept is easy the
details give you more cases.

- Receive Hello

    if L-bit and I-bit are set process diff hello
    if new neighbor in neighbor list add new neighbor

    Process TLVs
    if R-bit set in SCS TLV
        send unicast answer

    if SCS is same
        if neigh state >=3D 2-way
            refresh neigh expiration timer
        if relay selector for neighbor
            refresh mpr expiration timer
    else if A-bit set in SCS TLV
        if self contained in drop neighbor TLV
            do nothing - return
        set neighbor SCS number equal to value in SCS TLV
        if (self contained in neighbor list)
            refresh neigh expiration timer
            if self in relay selector TLV
                add to mpr list
            else if neighbor in relay selector list
                remove mpr from selector list           =20
    else if neigh state >=3D 2way=20
       if SCS is SCS+1,
           if incomplete-bit is set
               send unicast request - return
           else
               if hello neighbor list size > 0
                   increment neighbor scs

               //drop TLV processing
               if self in drop neighbor TLV
                   move neighbor to state one-way
               else if self not in drop neighbor TLV=20
                   increment neighbor SCS
               //relay selector TLV processing
               if relay selector TLV not empty
                   increment neighbor SCS
                   if self dropped in mpr list
                       remove mpr from selector list
                   else if self added in mpr list
                       add to mpr list
                   else if neighbor already a selector
                       refresh mpr expiration timer
               else if neighbor already a selector
                   refresh mpr expiration timer
               //process other TLVs

               if neighbor scs not incremented
                   send unicast request
       else
           Send unicast request

>=20
> When you receive a Hello, you have the whole Hello in the buffer pool=20
> memory...which is all you need to process TLVs.
> After OSPF processes the Hello, it gets rid of that memory. =20
> You don't need to save the TLVs into separate memory before=20
> processing them.
>=20
> > -sequence # (Increment for any state change)
>=20
> If you are sending all changes within the Hello-interval, then you=20
> need to only increment the SCS once for all changes before sending the

> Hello.

I agree, that is what I meant.  Sorry for my unclear statement.


> > -Active neighbors (only send in initial hello after new neighbor)=20
> > -Drop neighbors (require keeping history of dropped neighbors for 4=20
> > *dead interval, clear drop neighbor if renewed)
>=20
> For this part, you need to maintain a separate list and a timer...for=20
> persistent sending.  Note that with the introduction of the=20
> incomplete-bit, persistent sending of TLVs is flexible.  Meaning, any=20
> TLV can be sent persistently using this bit if that TLV is deemed=20
> 'more' important (to avoid request/reply)...or sent only once...in=20
> which case you wouldn't need the separate list and timer.



I again agree.  So does that mean section 2.3.4.2 bullet 4 is a MAY send
hello for RouterDeadInterval?


>=20
> > -Relays added (similar to neighbors)
> > -Relay deleted  (similar to neighbors)
>=20
> The relay list is saved in memory.  Upon calculation of the relay set,

> the deltas are sent in the Hello (either immediately...or at the=20
> expiration of Hello-interval)....and the new relay list is saved.  The

> details of what information must be saved in the 'interim' depends on=20
> when the Hello is sent (immediately or after Hello-interval).
>=20

Does this mean you MAY send a hello every time you change a relay?  I
would again say this leads to aperiodic hellos.


> > -Partial state (must make checks of how many items in hello changed=20
> > from previous state and set flag if partial info)
>=20
> The incomplete-bit was added to provide flexibility in persistently=20
> sending information...and accuracy.  It allows the receiver to be sure

> in identifying if anything changed from previous Hello, *without*=20
> having to save the previous Hello.
>=20
> For example, let's say we have SCS 10 for a neighbor and we then=20
> receive a Hello with SCS 11.  The logic now is simple.
> If the bit is set, it means that this is persistent=20
> information...and the original SCS 11 was lost...so the=20
> receiver can request.  If this bit is NOT set, it means that=20
> this is the original SCS 11 packet...so process it and save=20
> SCS 11 for the neighbor.  Now, let's say that a Hello with=20
> SCS 11 with the incomplete bit set is received.  The receiver=20
> knows that this is just persistent info...and it already has=20
> the info...so no processing needed.  So, there is no need to=20
> see how many things changed from previous Hello.
>=20

I understand the goal of having the N-bit, and it seems useful for this
case.  I was simply saying that the sender must determine if the hello
it sends contains partial or full state change. =20


Thanks,
Phil

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All,
I have attached a revised version of the wireless design team
document.  I am trying to use this to document agreements and
discussion points raised in the drafts and the mailing lists.

In particular, I have added a section 1.2 that lists the items
that the group agrees upon.  Can people please review this
section and see whether there is any objection to removing
the "pending" status to any of these topics? (I will interpret
silence on the list as acquiescence).

If we can move past those items, the next topic I would like
to focus on is the flooding discussion-- in particular, the
issue of MPR vs. CDS that has never been resolved adequately
in my opinion.  Please read Section 3.2 carefully, as it has
been substantially rewritten, and let the list know of your
agreements and disagreements to what is written there.

Thanks,
Tom

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Tom, 

Can we schedule a OSPF wireless design update for the Washington 
IETF? What I think would be good would be a presentation on the
attached document with ample time for WG questions. 

Did anybody else have anything relevant to the OSPF wireless effort that
they wanted to present in Washington? I've had a lot going on lately
and realized today that time is running short. 

Thanks,
Acee

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
To: <ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org>
Sent: Wednesday, October 13, 2004 11:41 AM
Subject: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss


All,
I have attached a revised version of the wireless design team
document.  I am trying to use this to document agreements and
discussion points raised in the drafts and the mailing lists.

In particular, I have added a section 1.2 that lists the items
that the group agrees upon.  Can people please review this
section and see whether there is any objection to removing
the "pending" status to any of these topics? (I will interpret
silence on the list as acquiescence).

If we can move past those items, the next topic I would like
to focus on is the flooding discussion-- in particular, the
issue of MPR vs. CDS that has never been resolved adequately
in my opinion.  Please read Section 3.2 carefully, as it has
been substantially rewritten, and let the list know of your
agreements and disagreements to what is written there.

Thanks,
Tom



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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From ospf-wireless-design-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Oct 22 13:30:59 2004
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Subject: RE: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
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From: "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
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Yes, I could give a short update at the IETF meeting.

Perhaps my document was a bit much for people to digest last week, but =
in a nutshell, I would like to come to agreement on the following =
points:

- Design team adopts problem statement as modified by design team list =
discussions
- Design team focuses on defining a MANET interface type, not a MANET =
area type.  =20
- Design team focuses first on defining an optimized flooding mechanism =
for LSA dissemination.
- Design team focuses on acknowledged (reliable) flooding, leaving =
periodic flooding as a future optimization.

and having done so, I would like to consider as a next step the =
tradeoffs between MPRs and CDS as the relay node set used for flooding =
(which is described in much detail in Section 3.2 of the draft that I =
sent around).

Tom


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Acee Lindem [mailto:acee@redback.com]=20
> Sent: Friday, October 22, 2004 9:21 AM
> To: Henderson, Thomas R; ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org
> Cc: Rohit Dube
> Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
>=20
>=20
> Tom,=20
>=20
> Can we schedule a OSPF wireless design update for the Washington=20
> IETF? What I think would be good would be a presentation on the
> attached document with ample time for WG questions.=20
>=20
> Did anybody else have anything relevant to the OSPF wireless=20
> effort that
> they wanted to present in Washington? I've had a lot going on lately
> and realized today that time is running short.=20
>=20
> Thanks,
> Acee
>=20

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Here is my take...


> Yes, I could give a short update at the IETF meeting.
>
> Perhaps my document was a bit much for people to digest last week, but in a nutshell, I would like to come to agreement on the 
> following points:
>
> - Design team adopts problem statement as modified by design team list discussions

Agreed. However, I think it is still extended work plan is still open for debate.  Do we
need to change/optimize additional OSPF mechanisms for wireless (e.g., database exchange).
Possibly, there be a better other mechanisms or policies that would yield more
bang-for-the-buck.

> - Design team focuses on defining a MANET interface type, not a MANET area type.

I think that since all the work done heretofore has been based on the MANET interface
type we need to stick with it. I know there have been suggestions that the OSPF area
might be a better boundary for flooding changes (I think I may have said this ;^). However,
there are no proposals on the table.

> - Design team focuses first on defining an optimized flooding mechanism for LSA dissemination.

Agreed.

> - Design team focuses on acknowledged (reliable) flooding, leaving periodic flooding as a future optimization.

Agreed.
>
> and having done so, I would like to consider as a next step the tradeoffs between MPRs
> and CDS as the relay node set used for flooding (which is  described in much detail in Section 3.2 of the draft that I sent 
> around).

Tom


> -----Original Message-----
> From: Acee Lindem [mailto:acee@redback.com]
> Sent: Friday, October 22, 2004 9:21 AM
> To: Henderson, Thomas R; ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org
> Cc: Rohit Dube
> Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
>
>
> Tom,
>
> Can we schedule a OSPF wireless design update for the Washington
> IETF? What I think would be good would be a presentation on the
> attached document with ample time for WG questions.
>
> Did anybody else have anything relevant to the OSPF wireless
> effort that
> they wanted to present in Washington? I've had a lot going on lately
> and realized today that time is running short.
>
> Thanks,
> Acee
> 


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Subject: RE: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Joe Macker [mailto:joseph.macker@nrl.navy.mil]=20
> Sent: Friday, October 22, 2004 10:41 AM
> To: Acee Lindem
> Cc: Henderson, Thomas R; ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
>=20
>=20
> > If we can move past those items, the next topic I would like
> > to focus on is the flooding discussion-- in particular, the
> > issue of MPR vs. CDS that has never been resolved adequately
> > in my opinion.  Please read Section 3.2 carefully, as it has
> > been substantially rewritten, and let the list know of your
> > agreements and disagreements to what is written there.
> >=20
>=20
> Tom:
>=20
> Sorry I'm jumping ahead here, but in preparation for=20
> discussion of MPR=20
> vs.CDS, I'd like to clarify a few issues, especially the terminology.
>=20
> MPR is a heuristic algorithm that forms a "source specific"=20
> CDS.  So it=20
> is a CDS algorithm. So are we talking about "other" CDS=20
> algorithms like=20
> Wu and Li have proposed,etc. I just want to get the=20
> terminology straight=20
> so I know what we are talking about.  For example, are we=20
> talking about=20
> a shared tree CDS algorithms, different election heuristics for=20
> forwarding sets, dynamic robustness issues, complexity tradeoffs...

Yes, I mean source-independent vs. source dependent.  Please
see the writeup in the draft that I circulated.

>=20
> There are existing empirical and analytical studies that we=20
> can look at=20
> and discuss.
>=20
Please point us to such studies that you are aware of.  I have
the paper by Wu and Li and can share it with anyone who
is interested.

Tom

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From: Thomas Heide Clausen <T.Clausen@computer.org>
To: "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
Subject: RE: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
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Tom, Acee et. al.,

Quoting "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>:

> Yes, I could give a short update at the IETF meeting.
>
> Perhaps my document was a bit much for people to digest last week, but =
in a
> nutshell, I would like to come to agreement on the following points:
>
> - Design team adopts problem statement as modified by design team list
> discussions
> - Design team focuses on defining a MANET interface type, not a MANET a=
rea
> type.
> - Design team focuses first on defining an optimized flooding mechanism=
 for
> LSA dissemination.
> - Design team focuses on acknowledged (reliable) flooding, leaving peri=
odic
> flooding as a future optimization.
>

I've been everywhere but in the office lately, so I apologize for not hav=
ing had
time to comment on your document. I've read it, though, and it's quite go=
od!

I would like to voice agreement with the above items, with exception for =
the
last: I believe that we definitely should include both reliable and perio=
dic
flooding as options-to-consider, also initially. Indeed, I do believe tha=
t one
of the realizations of the MANET working group is, that periodic floding =
may be
beneficial in manet-style networks (Richard, Joe back me up here). As suc=
h, I
believe that scoping this completely out of the discussion at this stage =
would
be ill adviced. I would advocate a sensible hybrid approach, if at all
possible.

> and having done so, I would like to consider as a next step the tradeof=
fs
> between MPRs and CDS as the relay node set used for flooding (which is
> described in much detail in Section 3.2 of the draft that I sent around=
).

Just one brief comment here: I disagree with the terminology chosen. MPRs=
 do
form a CDS -- indeed the MPR algorithm is an instance of a CDS algorithm.=
 As
such, it doesn't make much sense to chose between them. I'd suggest that =
we,
rather than "chose between them" consider which features we need -- and t=
hen
pick an algorithm that fits (notice, I did write "pick", not "develop" --=
 for a
reason).

I know what's meant by "MPR vs CDS" above, since I've been part of the pr=
ocess
and discussion -- but to the outsider, this might be a source of
misunderstanding, so I'd reccomend that we do not present it as a "choise=
" of
either or....

Cheers,

--thomas

>
> Tom
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Acee Lindem [mailto:acee@redback.com]
> > Sent: Friday, October 22, 2004 9:21 AM
> > To: Henderson, Thomas R; ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org
> > Cc: Rohit Dube
> > Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discus=
s
> >
> >
> > Tom,
> >
> > Can we schedule a OSPF wireless design update for the Washington
> > IETF? What I think would be good would be a presentation on the
> > attached document with ample time for WG questions.
> >
> > Did anybody else have anything relevant to the OSPF wireless
> > effort that
> > they wanted to present in Washington? I've had a lot going on lately
> > and realized today that time is running short.
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Acee
> >
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ospf-wireless-design mailing list
> Ospf-wireless-design@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ospf-wireless-design
>



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From: Thomas Heide Clausen <T.Clausen@computer.org>
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Subject: RE: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
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Ahh...Joe beat me to it ;) I didn't get Joe's mail to the list, so I only=
 saw
Tom's reply. Sorry for being redundant.

--thomas

Quoting "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>:

>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Joe Macker [mailto:joseph.macker@nrl.navy.mil]
> > Sent: Friday, October 22, 2004 10:41 AM
> > To: Acee Lindem
> > Cc: Henderson, Thomas R; ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discus=
s
> >
> >
> > > If we can move past those items, the next topic I would like
> > > to focus on is the flooding discussion-- in particular, the
> > > issue of MPR vs. CDS that has never been resolved adequately
> > > in my opinion.  Please read Section 3.2 carefully, as it has
> > > been substantially rewritten, and let the list know of your
> > > agreements and disagreements to what is written there.
> > >
> >
> > Tom:
> >
> > Sorry I'm jumping ahead here, but in preparation for
> > discussion of MPR
> > vs.CDS, I'd like to clarify a few issues, especially the terminology.
> >
> > MPR is a heuristic algorithm that forms a "source specific"
> > CDS.  So it
> > is a CDS algorithm. So are we talking about "other" CDS
> > algorithms like
> > Wu and Li have proposed,etc. I just want to get the
> > terminology straight
> > so I know what we are talking about.  For example, are we
> > talking about
> > a shared tree CDS algorithms, different election heuristics for
> > forwarding sets, dynamic robustness issues, complexity tradeoffs...
>
> Yes, I mean source-independent vs. source dependent.  Please
> see the writeup in the draft that I circulated.
>
> >
> > There are existing empirical and analytical studies that we
> > can look at
> > and discuss.
> >
> Please point us to such studies that you are aware of.  I have
> the paper by Wu and Li and can share it with anyone who
> is interested.
>
> Tom
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ospf-wireless-design mailing list
> Ospf-wireless-design@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ospf-wireless-design
>



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From: Thomas Heide Clausen <T.Clausen@computer.org>
To: Acee Lindem <acee@redback.com>
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Quoting Acee Lindem <acee@redback.com>:

> Here is my take...
>
>
> > Yes, I could give a short update at the IETF meeting.
> >
> > Perhaps my document was a bit much for people to digest last week, bu=
t in a
> nutshell, I would like to come to agreement on the
> > following points:
> >
> > - Design team adopts problem statement as modified by design team lis=
t
> discussions
>
> Agreed. However, I think it is still extended work plan is still open f=
or
> debate.  Do we
> need to change/optimize additional OSPF mechanisms for wireless (e.g.,
> database exchange).
> Possibly, there be a better other mechanisms or policies that would yie=
ld
> more
> bang-for-the-buck.
>

I just have to ask: we know from our research that there are mechanisms w=
hich
would yield more "bang-for-the-buck" in the manet-type scenario. However =
these
would in many ways divert from the traditional OSPF-mechanisms (both in s=
cope
and form), and have not been proven by large-scale deployments etc. To wh=
ich
extend are we going to include such in the work of this design-team?

My personal feeling is, that this could cause undesired research-creep: t=
o my
knowledge, there's no concensus on such, as well as no "real-world-experi=
ence"
(well, Richard and I have at some point had similar thoughts on e.g. data=
base
exchange, but that does not a coherent mechanism yield nor does it indica=
te
wider concensus). So it might be a process of maturing such mechanisms, a=
nd
convincing ourself that it's usefull. As a researcher, I'd think this wou=
ld be
interresting (of course) to venture down that path.

It's a trade-off, but I wanted the teams input.

--thomas


> > - Design team focuses on defining a MANET interface type, not a MANET=
 area
> type.
>
> I think that since all the work done heretofore has been based on the M=
ANET
> interface
> type we need to stick with it. I know there have been suggestions that =
the
> OSPF area
> might be a better boundary for flooding changes (I think I may have sai=
d this
> ;^). However,
> there are no proposals on the table.
>
> > - Design team focuses first on defining an optimized flooding mechani=
sm for
> LSA dissemination.
>
> Agreed.
>
> > - Design team focuses on acknowledged (reliable) flooding, leaving pe=
riodic
> flooding as a future optimization.
>
> Agreed.
> >
> > and having done so, I would like to consider as a next step the trade=
offs
> between MPRs
> > and CDS as the relay node set used for flooding (which is  described =
in
> much detail in Section 3.2 of the draft that I sent
> > around).
>
> Tom
>
>
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Acee Lindem [mailto:acee@redback.com]
> > Sent: Friday, October 22, 2004 9:21 AM
> > To: Henderson, Thomas R; ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org
> > Cc: Rohit Dube
> > Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discus=
s
> >
> >
> > Tom,
> >
> > Can we schedule a OSPF wireless design update for the Washington
> > IETF? What I think would be good would be a presentation on the
> > attached document with ample time for WG questions.
> >
> > Did anybody else have anything relevant to the OSPF wireless
> > effort that
> > they wanted to present in Washington? I've had a lot going on lately
> > and realized today that time is running short.
> >
> > Thanks,
> > Acee
> >
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Ospf-wireless-design mailing list
> Ospf-wireless-design@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ospf-wireless-design
>



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Date: Mon, 25 Oct 2004 13:36:41 -0400
From: "Madhavi W. Chandra" <mchandra@cisco.com>
To: Thomas Heide Clausen <T.Clausen@computer.org>
Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
Message-ID: <20041025173641.GC20381@cisco.com>
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Hi Thomas,

On Sat, Oct 23, 2004 at 01:18:24AM +0200, Thomas Heide Clausen wrote:
> Tom, Acee et. al.,
> 
> Quoting "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>:
> 
> > Yes, I could give a short update at the IETF meeting.
> >
> > Perhaps my document was a bit much for people to digest last week, but in a
> > nutshell, I would like to come to agreement on the following points:
> >
> > - Design team adopts problem statement as modified by design team list
> > discussions
> > - Design team focuses on defining a MANET interface type, not a MANET area
> > type.
> > - Design team focuses first on defining an optimized flooding mechanism for
> > LSA dissemination.
> > - Design team focuses on acknowledged (reliable) flooding, leaving periodic
> > flooding as a future optimization.
> >
> 
> I've been everywhere but in the office lately, so I apologize for not having had
> time to comment on your document. I've read it, though, and it's quite good!
> 
> I would like to voice agreement with the above items, with exception for the
> last: I believe that we definitely should include both reliable and periodic
> flooding as options-to-consider, also initially. Indeed, I do believe that one
> of the realizations of the MANET working group is, that periodic floding may be
> beneficial in manet-style networks (Richard, Joe back me up here). As such, I
> believe that scoping this completely out of the discussion at this stage would
> be ill adviced. I would advocate a sensible hybrid approach, if at all
> possible.

We are also very interested in looking into a hybrid scheme...however, as a 
'Phase II' task for the DT.  To meet the DT timeline, it seems that we 
had reached agreement as a DT last month to focus on reliable flooding 
for Phase I as indicated in Section 1.2.  I propose that we follow 
this, and defer the hybrid scheme for our next set of tasks (Phase II).

Regards,
Madhavi

> > and having done so, I would like to consider as a next step the tradeoffs
> > between MPRs and CDS as the relay node set used for flooding (which is
> > described in much detail in Section 3.2 of the draft that I sent around).
> 
> Just one brief comment here: I disagree with the terminology chosen. MPRs do
> form a CDS -- indeed the MPR algorithm is an instance of a CDS algorithm. As
> such, it doesn't make much sense to chose between them. I'd suggest that we,
> rather than "chose between them" consider which features we need -- and then
> pick an algorithm that fits (notice, I did write "pick", not "develop" -- for a
> reason).
> 
> I know what's meant by "MPR vs CDS" above, since I've been part of the process
> and discussion -- but to the outsider, this might be a source of
> misunderstanding, so I'd reccomend that we do not present it as a "choise" of
> either or....
> 
> Cheers,
> 
> --thomas
> 
> >
> > Tom
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Acee Lindem [mailto:acee@redback.com]
> > > Sent: Friday, October 22, 2004 9:21 AM
> > > To: Henderson, Thomas R; ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org
> > > Cc: Rohit Dube
> > > Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
> > >
> > >
> > > Tom,
> > >
> > > Can we schedule a OSPF wireless design update for the Washington
> > > IETF? What I think would be good would be a presentation on the
> > > attached document with ample time for WG questions.
> > >
> > > Did anybody else have anything relevant to the OSPF wireless
> > > effort that
> > > they wanted to present in Washington? I've had a lot going on lately
> > > and realized today that time is running short.
> > >
> > > Thanks,
> > > Acee
> > >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ospf-wireless-design mailing list
> > Ospf-wireless-design@lists.ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ospf-wireless-design
> >
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ospf-wireless-design mailing list
> Ospf-wireless-design@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ospf-wireless-design

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From: "Madhavi W. Chandra" <mchandra@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
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Hi Thomas,

On Sat, Oct 23, 2004 at 01:29:59AM +0200, Thomas Heide Clausen wrote:
> Quoting Acee Lindem <acee@redback.com>:
> 
> > Here is my take...
> >
> >
> > > Yes, I could give a short update at the IETF meeting.
> > >
> > > Perhaps my document was a bit much for people to digest last week, but in a
> > nutshell, I would like to come to agreement on the
> > > following points:
> > >
> > > - Design team adopts problem statement as modified by design team list
> > discussions
> >
> > Agreed. However, I think it is still extended work plan is still open for
> > debate.  Do we
> > need to change/optimize additional OSPF mechanisms for wireless (e.g.,
> > database exchange).
> > Possibly, there be a better other mechanisms or policies that would yield
> > more
> > bang-for-the-buck.
> >
> 
> I just have to ask: we know from our research that there are mechanisms which
> would yield more "bang-for-the-buck" in the manet-type scenario. However these
> would in many ways divert from the traditional OSPF-mechanisms (both in scope
> and form), and have not been proven by large-scale deployments etc. To which
> extend are we going to include such in the work of this design-team?
> 
> My personal feeling is, that this could cause undesired research-creep: to my
> knowledge, there's no concensus on such, as well as no "real-world-experience"
> (well, Richard and I have at some point had similar thoughts on e.g. database
> exchange, but that does not a coherent mechanism yield nor does it indicate
> wider concensus). So it might be a process of maturing such mechanisms, and
> convincing ourself that it's usefull. As a researcher, I'd think this would be
> interresting (of course) to venture down that path.
> 
> It's a trade-off, but I wanted the teams input.

I completely agree with your take on it.  We're also toying with some
database exchange optimizations...but, as you said so well above, it might
be a process of maturing such mechanisms.  My vote it to chalk this
up to a Phase II task for the DT....so it doesn't bog us down in Phase I.

Regards,
Madhavi
 
> --thomas
> 
> 
> > > - Design team focuses on defining a MANET interface type, not a MANET area
> > type.
> >
> > I think that since all the work done heretofore has been based on the MANET
> > interface
> > type we need to stick with it. I know there have been suggestions that the
> > OSPF area
> > might be a better boundary for flooding changes (I think I may have said this
> > ;^). However,
> > there are no proposals on the table.
> >
> > > - Design team focuses first on defining an optimized flooding mechanism for
> > LSA dissemination.
> >
> > Agreed.
> >
> > > - Design team focuses on acknowledged (reliable) flooding, leaving periodic
> > flooding as a future optimization.
> >
> > Agreed.
> > >
> > > and having done so, I would like to consider as a next step the tradeoffs
> > between MPRs
> > > and CDS as the relay node set used for flooding (which is  described in
> > much detail in Section 3.2 of the draft that I sent
> > > around).
> >
> > Tom
> >
> >
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: Acee Lindem [mailto:acee@redback.com]
> > > Sent: Friday, October 22, 2004 9:21 AM
> > > To: Henderson, Thomas R; ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org
> > > Cc: Rohit Dube
> > > Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
> > >
> > >
> > > Tom,
> > >
> > > Can we schedule a OSPF wireless design update for the Washington
> > > IETF? What I think would be good would be a presentation on the
> > > attached document with ample time for WG questions.
> > >
> > > Did anybody else have anything relevant to the OSPF wireless
> > > effort that
> > > they wanted to present in Washington? I've had a lot going on lately
> > > and realized today that time is running short.
> > >
> > > Thanks,
> > > Acee
> > >
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Ospf-wireless-design mailing list
> > Ospf-wireless-design@lists.ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ospf-wireless-design
> >
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ospf-wireless-design mailing list
> Ospf-wireless-design@lists.ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ospf-wireless-design

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Thomas,

Please see my comments below for Section 3.2 of your document
draft-manet-ospf-design-team-00-pre2
Overall, it is very good.

First I want to comment on your sentence:

>    MPRs are also sometimes referred to as source-dependent CDS, while
>    the use of the term CDS typically means source-independent CDS.

I'm glad you clarified this. So the main issue is whether we want
the relays to be source-dependent or source-independent. Actually,
there are different ways of defining a CDS in terms of MPRs,
depending on the forwarding rule. (E.g., does an MPR forward any
packet that was received from an MPR selector, or only if the
first neighbor that transmitted the packet is an MPR selector,
or only if the min ID neighbor that transmitted the packet is
an MPR selector, etc.)  


> 3.2.1.2  Self-selected MPRs
>
>    Regarding whether MPRs are self-selected versus selected by the
>    originators themselves, the tradeoff seems to be some increase in
>    complexity (i.e., processing steps) to self-select them, versus a
>    need to use extra fields in Hello or other messages to notify a
>    neighbor that it has been selected.  However, it may require that
>    OSPF Hellos be modified to provide two-hop information anyway.  For
>    example, consider if each node provided its two-hop neighbor
>    information to all of its one hop neighbors.  Rather than the node
>    running the MPR selection algorithm and notifying the selected one
>    hop neighbor, each neighbor could run the algorithm on the node's
>    behalf, and decide whether it would have been selected by the node.
>    But the current OSPF Hello only provides one-hop neighbor information
>    for the sending node.

Actually, the OSPF Hello does not even provide one-hop neighbor
information, since it does not say whether each neighbor is 2-way.
As in Cisco's protocol and in TBRPF, each node can inform its neighbors
of all of its 2-way neighbors in its self-originated LSA.
In that way, each node learns about all of its neighbors' neighbors
(2-hop neighbors).
It would be unnecessarily bandwidth consuming for each node to
report all of its 2-hop neighbors (which would result in each node
knowing its 3-hop neighbors).

>
>
>    A minimum-ID algorithm described in [9] requires O(m^4) computation
>    when run as a self-selecting algorithm rather than O(m^2) or O(m)
>    using the MPR selector approach.  However, it has also been pointed

A min-ID self-selecting algorithm exists which requires only
O(n^3) using the Floyd-Warshall algorithm to compute shortest paths
from each neighbor to each other neighbor, where n is the number
of neighbors. I don't think this is too large.  Another such algorithm
requires only O(n^2) computations by computing shortest paths from each
neighbor to only the min-ID neighbor.

>
>    out by Ogier that, analogous to including the selected DR in Hello
>    messages, it may be useful to announce whether a node has selected
>    itself as an MPR for one of its neighbors, to reduce the frequency of
>    MPR changes.
>
> 3.2.1.3  Cisco Overlapping Relays
>
>    As described in [4], the proposed "overlapping relays" algorithm is
>    based on the OLSR MPR algorithm, with the following optimization.
>    Neighbors that are selected as what OLSR would call MPRs are called
>    "active" overlapping relays, and all other neighbors are "non-active"
>    overlapping relays, with respect to a given two-hop neighbor of the
>
>
>
> Henderson (ed.)          Expires April 13, 2005                 [Page 9]
> 
> Internet-Draft      Summary of MANET OSPF Proposals         October 2004
>
>
>    message originator.  The active relays behave like OLSR MPRs, but the
>    non-active relays of message originator monitor whether the two-hop
>    neighbor in fact acknowledged the transmission.  If no ack is
>    received, then one of the non-active relays will attempt to
>    retransmit the message, based on some time interval and jitter to
>    avoid all non-active relays from attempting to recover the loss at
>    the same time.
>
>    Other than this reliability optimization, it seems that the proposed
>    Cisco approach inherits the properties described above regarding
>    OLSR-style MPRs.  As presently defined, it also incurs a delay in
>    notifying a neighbor that it has become active (the so-called
>    "opt-in" method above), but this is mitigated by the protection
>    offered by non-active neighbors, so all that might happen is a slight
>    increase in flooding delay.
>
> 3.2.1.4  CDS algorithms
>
>    At the end of Section 6 of [5], Richard Ogier argues that CDS may be
>    preferable to MPR for OSPF, since it more naturally fits with the
>    concept of OSPF DR with fewer changes needed to OSPF packets, and
>    because it offers opportunities to optimize database synchronization
>    techniques.
>
>    Specifically, some researchers (e.g., [10]) have shown simulation
>    results that show smaller size relay node sets when using CDS,
>    although in the author's opinion, this evidence may be
>    scenario-dependent and does not strongly favor one or the other.  It
>    has been argued that CDS algorithms are potentially simpler as well,
>    since the decision to forward is not based on the originator of the
>    previous transmission.  CDS may not forward along min-hop paths from
>    the message originator, although the difference in path length is
>    probably only one hop, if at all, and methods may exist to allow
>    min-hop flooding (e.g., [10]).
>
>    If a node is self-selecting itself as a CDS, it most likely does so
>    with an assumption that neighbors are running the identical or
>    similar algorithm (in much the same way that the distributed
>    computation of Dijkstra's algorithm requires that all nodes
>    consistently apply it).  In a MANET environment, some nodes may not
>    be as willing to select themselves as CDS, due to issues such as
>    energy reserve.  Richard Ogier suggested in [5] that the Router
>    Priority field may be used to indicate "willingness" to relay traffic
>    and become a CDS node, but there is no specific description of how
>    this might work.  Likewise, it is not clear how sensitive a CDS
>    self-selection algorithm would be to neighbors using consistent
>    algorithms, and hence, how easy it would be to evolve the heuristics
>    in an incremental deployment scenario.

OSPF requires all nodes to run the same shortest-path algorithm,
so requiring all nodes to run the same CDS algorithm
is consistent with OSPF's philosophy.

>
>
>
>
> Henderson (ed.)          Expires April 13, 2005                [Page 10]
> 
> Internet-Draft      Summary of MANET OSPF Proposals         October 2004
>
>
>    Related to the issue of knowing the ROS is the issue of optimized
>    database synchronization.  Another benefit of CDS or MPRs that know
>    their ROS is that these "special nodes" can take responsibility for
>    synchronization, much as an existing OSPF DR, rather than requiring
>    pair-wise synchronization between nodes.
>
>    Although there are several heuristics for CDS construction that have
>    been proposed, one interesting one presented by INRIA (in [9]) can be
>    used to transform the set of MPRs into a CDS, if the nodes have some
>    agreed-upon knowledge of the total-order of the network (such as
>    increasing router ID).  Ogier has done some simulation evaluation of
>    this algorithm in [10] and shown simulation results that it performs
>    worse than an algorithm based on two-hop neighbor information.

I also want to point out that MPR selection involves *more* than
2-hop neighbor information, since each node computes its MPRs
based on 2-hop neighbor information and then informs its
neighbors of its MPR selection (so the selection of an MPR
may depend on information about nodes that are 3 hops from
the MPR itself).  The CDS algorithms that I am considering
depend only on 2-hop neighbor information.
Also, having to first compute MPRs and then inform neighbors of the
selection results in slower response to topology changes.

>
>
> 3.2.1.5  Summary
>
>    In the past, there has been simulation evidence presented that
>    favored MPRs over CDS, and vice versa, in terms of bandwidth
>    efficiency.  In the absence of better data, it is the author's
>    opinion that, from the standpoint of bandwidth efficiency, MPRs
>    versus CDS will not make a whole lot of difference, especially when
>    metrics like robustness are considered that might favor some
>    redundancy in transmissions anyway.  Both techniques seek to minimize
>    as much as possible the number of transmissions required to
>    disseminate the information, and different scenarios will yield
>    different winners, but in most cases, the differences seem to be a
>    few percent.  Instead, the design decision should probably be driven
>    by which mechanism fits best (is least disruptive) to the existing
>    OSPF implementation.
>
>    There have been arguments put forward, principally by Richard Ogier,
>    that CDS-based flooding is a better fit for OSPF than is MPR-based,
>    because CDS selection algorithms do not necessarily require changes
>    to OSPF message formats, because CDS is analogous to Designated
>    Router, because they may have simpler construction algorithms (for
>    this point, the author has not seen any proof), and because the fact
>    that a CDS does not care about the originator of a message, which may
>    help if the database synchronization procedures are ever optimized
>    for a MANET.  Therefore, in the author's opinion, despite not having
>    a concrete CDS-based proposal on the table, the OSPF MANET design
>    team should consider this issue more carefully.
>
> 3.2.2  Discussion of reliability
>
>    It seems to the author that the decision to focus on reliable
>    mechanisms first is non-contentious.  The author has suggested
>    partiality to mechanisms that allow the introduction of a periodic,
>    non-acked LSA dissemination mode in the future.
>
>
>
> Henderson (ed.)          Expires April 13, 2005                [Page 11]
> 
> Internet-Draft      Summary of MANET OSPF Proposals         October 2004
>
>
>    Richard Ogier has proposed that unreliable (periodic) operation may
>    be a hybrid option of an overall reliable mechanism.  A Boeing
>    simulation study described in [7] suggested that it may be difficult
>    to correctly estimate the need to be in one mode or another.  Since
>    that time, Richard Ogier has revised his proposal in this regard, as
>    discussed in Section 5 of [5].  Richard's current proposal is not
>    based on receiver suppression of ACKs but instead is sender-based and
>    suggests setting a new option bit in the header to make the LSA
>    "non-ackable" within the wireless domain whenever new LSAs are being
>    generated fast enough (i.e., close to MinLSInterval), with hysteresis
>    applied to avoid flapping between modes.
>
>    Baker suggested the use of next-hop reflooding as an implicit ACK in
>    [1], although Ogier pointed out that this only applied to nodes in
>    the relay set; non-relay nodes still have to ACK.
>
>    In Section 6 of [5], Richard Ogier suggests a reliable flooding
>    technique based on modification of Database Description (DD) packets.
>    It calls for special nodes (either CDS nodes or MPR nodes) to
>    periodically broadcast headers of all the LSAs for which it is

It should be clarified that these LSAs headers are contained within
DD packets that are broadcast to all neighbors periodically (similar
to the sequence numbers packets of IS-IS).

>
>    responsible for forwarding, and for all other nodes to broadcast a DD
>    packet with the header of its own router LSA.  This is in contrast to
>    unreliable flooding of the LSAs themselves.  Nodes that detect a
>    missing LSA can still use the LSR to request it, after some backoff
>    time.  This is analogous to IS-IS Complete Sequence Number (CSN)
>    packets [11].  The technique is in contrast to the OLSR-like approach
>    in the Boeing proposal, which periodically refloods all LSAs.
>    Variations of this approach are possible and discussed by Richard
>    Ogier, such as repeating the original LSA transmission multiple
>    times, or CDS redundancy.  INRIA also proposed such a mechanism of
>    periodic informational database signature broadcasts in [6].
>
>    Last, it should be pointed out (as Richard has) that the selection of
>    RNS sets is not completely independent of the decision whether LSA
>    dissemination is reliable or periodic.  A purely OLSR-style MPR RNS
>    is susceptible to some lost packets when used in a reliable mode,
>    unless non-relay nodes are used as backups, as is proposed for the
>    Cisco overlapping relays technique.
>
> 3.3  Neighbor discovery and synchronization
>
>    This section discusses the process of neighbor discovery, adjacency
>    forming, and database synchronization.
>
>    In a MANET, the number of neighbors can become large, causing
>    quadratic scaling problems.  Fred Baker suggests in [1] that the
>    number of adjacencies might be reduced.  More recently, the proposal
>    by Cisco advocates the use of differential or incremental Hellos
>
>
>
> Henderson (ed.)          Expires April 13, 2005                [Page 12]
> 
> Internet-Draft      Summary of MANET OSPF Proposals         October 2004
>
>
>    (also suggested by the MANET TBRPF protocol).  Some simulations
>    conducted by Boeing and discussed in [7] suggest that differential
>    Hellos contribute second-order savings in bandwidth, but the benefits
>    might actually be larger than those described by Boeing when the
>    network is very dense.  One potential benefit of differential Hellos
>    is that the Hello transmissions can be aperiodic.
>
>    For the same reason that differential Hellos might be useful, so too
>    might a reduction in the number of neighbors with which a MANET node
>    becomes adjacent.  OSPF does this already for broadcast interfaces.
>    Fred Baker in [1] suggested that nodes might want to limit the number
>    of neighbors.  Richard Ogier in [5] also suggested that if there are
>    special nodes such as Multipoint Relays (MPRs) and Connected
>    Dominating Sets (CDS) in the network, that non-relay nodes might want
>    to synchronize only with these relay nodes (Ogier redefined the
>    concept of adjacency in this context).  When using unreliable
>    flooding as in [3], no database synchronization occurs; nodes do not
>    progress past state 2-Way on a MANET interface.

It would be good to point out what happens if the periodic DD packet
method is used for reliable flooding. In this case (similar to IS-IS),
a new neighbor of a CDS node (or MPR) will receive the periodic
DD packets and send a LS Request if the CDS node has a more
recent LSA.  This is similar to Clausen's proposal (both
are inspired by IS-IS) but is simpler and closer to OSPF.

Regards,
Richard

>
>
>    Taking the synchronization process a step further, Thomas Clausen and
>    INRIA suggested in [6] that a much more compact representation of
>    OSPF databases than an enumeration of LSA headers might be possible
>    using signatures (hashes) of parts of the OSPF database.  For
>    example, nodes could compare top-level signatures of their database,
>    and only if they differed would additional signatures start to be
>    compared, until the discrepancy was narrowed down.  The draft
>    describes an algorithm called Tunstall Splitting to generate prefix
>    signatures of different parts of the database, which can be further
>    segregated by age of the LSAs.






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From ospf-wireless-design-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Oct 27 12:51:43 2004
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Hi Thomas,

Thomas Heide Clausen wrote:

>
>I just have to ask: we know from our research that there are mechanisms which
>would yield more "bang-for-the-buck" in the manet-type scenario. However these
>would in many ways divert from the traditional OSPF-mechanisms (both in scope
>and form), and have not been proven by large-scale deployments etc. To which
>extend are we going to include such in the work of this design-team?
>
>My personal feeling is, that this could cause undesired research-creep: to my
>knowledge, there's no concensus on such, as well as no "real-world-experience"
>(well, Richard and I have at some point had similar thoughts on e.g. database
>exchange, but that does not a coherent mechanism yield nor does it indicate
>wider concensus). So it might be a process of maturing such mechanisms, and
>convincing ourself that it's usefull. As a researcher, I'd think this would be
>interresting (of course) to venture down that path.
>

I think it depends on how novel the proposed mechanisms are. Some of
the techniques we are proposing have been throroghly tested in other
protocols such as IS-IS and therefore are more mature and less
"researchy". For example, the periodic DD packet technique I am
proposing is just an adaptation of the periodic sequence numbers packets
of IS-IS. To achieve efficient, reliable flooding in MANETs, *some*
novelty is needed, since this has not been done before. For example,
Cisco's proposal (in which ACKs are multicast and non-MPR nodes can
forward LSAs) is novel, and perhaps more "researchy" than simply
adapting the IS-IS technique.  It might be better to adapt the
well-tested technique from IS-IS than to invent new mechanisms
for efficient, reliable flooding. If adapting the IS-IS technique
results in more efficient flooding in highly mobile networks,
and if it also leads more quickly to a mature protocol, it would
be a shame to ignore this approach. If we wait until Phase II before
we consider this approach (which does not use ACKs), then we *might*
find that the ACK-based flooding mechanism developed in Phase I
is obsolete.

Regards,
Richard





>
>
>It's a trade-off, but I wanted the teams input.
>
>--thomas
>
>
>>>- Design team focuses on defining a MANET interface type, not a MANET area
>>>
>>type.
>>
>>I think that since all the work done heretofore has been based on the MANET
>>interface
>>type we need to stick with it. I know there have been suggestions that the
>>OSPF area
>>might be a better boundary for flooding changes (I think I may have said this
>>;^). However,
>>there are no proposals on the table.
>>
>>>- Design team focuses first on defining an optimized flooding mechanism for
>>>
>>LSA dissemination.
>>
>>Agreed.
>>
>>>- Design team focuses on acknowledged (reliable) flooding, leaving periodic
>>>
>>flooding as a future optimization.
>>
>>Agreed.
>>
>>>and having done so, I would like to consider as a next step the tradeoffs
>>>
>>between MPRs
>>
>>>and CDS as the relay node set used for flooding (which is  described in
>>>
>>much detail in Section 3.2 of the draft that I sent
>>
>>>around).
>>>
>>Tom
>>
>>
>>>-----Original Message-----
>>>From: Acee Lindem [mailto:acee@redback.com]
>>>Sent: Friday, October 22, 2004 9:21 AM
>>>To: Henderson, Thomas R; ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org
>>>Cc: Rohit Dube
>>>Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
>>>
>>>
>>>Tom,
>>>
>>>Can we schedule a OSPF wireless design update for the Washington
>>>IETF? What I think would be good would be a presentation on the
>>>attached document with ample time for WG questions.
>>>
>>>Did anybody else have anything relevant to the OSPF wireless
>>>effort that
>>>they wanted to present in Washington? I've had a lot going on lately
>>>and realized today that time is running short.
>>>
>>>Thanks,
>>>Acee
>>>
>>
>>_______________________________________________
>>Ospf-wireless-design mailing list
>>Ospf-wireless-design@lists.ietf.org
>>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ospf-wireless-design
>>
>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
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>



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> If we can move past those items, the next topic I would like
> to focus on is the flooding discussion-- in particular, the
> issue of MPR vs. CDS that has never been resolved adequately
> in my opinion.  Please read Section 3.2 carefully, as it has
> been substantially rewritten, and let the list know of your
> agreements and disagreements to what is written there.
> 

Tom:

Sorry I'm jumping ahead here, but in preparation for discussion of MPR 
vs.CDS, I'd like to clarify a few issues, especially the terminology.

MPR is a heuristic algorithm that forms a "source specific" CDS.  So it 
is a CDS algorithm. So are we talking about "other" CDS algorithms like 
Wu and Li have proposed,etc. I just want to get the terminology straight 
so I know what we are talking about.  For example, are we talking about 
a shared tree CDS algorithms, different election heuristics for 
forwarding sets, dynamic robustness issues, complexity tradeoffs...

There are existing empirical and analytical studies that we can look at 
and discuss.

-joe


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Henderson, Thomas R wrote:

> Yes, I mean source-independent vs. source dependent.  Please
> see the writeup in the draft that I circulated.
> 
> 

Ok, I sent another message after I read it (sorry for the premature 
first message).

>>There are existing empirical and analytical studies that we 
>>can look at 
>>and discuss.
>>
> 
> Please point us to such studies that you are aware of.  I have
> the paper by Wu and Li and can share it with anyone who
> is interested.

FYI (I am not necessarily of the above, just pointing out there is work 
there)...many of the more optimal techniques can suffer under 
dynamic/mobile operation (often more signaling/maintenance 
required,etc)..in addition to overhead we need to consider this.

I have some analytical (random graphs) and empirical studies (with 
mobility) internally also on a few methods (not completely comprehensive 
but it may contribute).  I'll bring some to the IETF. I think we should 
strive for a good approach that is not overly complex (perhaps not optimal).


> 
> Tom
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Ospf-wireless-design mailing list
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> 
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Are we planning to meet separately as a design team in DC as in San Diego?
I thought that was a very productive forum last time..

Sorry about nasty message wrapping in my last few e-mails, just switched clients and didn't catch the default settings right away...

-Joe


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Henderson, Thomas R wrote:
> Yes, I could give a short update at the IETF meeting.
> 
> Perhaps my document was a bit much for people to digest last week, but in a nutshell, I would like to come to agreement on the following points:
> 
> - Design team adopts problem statement as modified by design team list discussions
> - Design team focuses on defining a MANET interface type, not a MANET area type.   
> - Design team focuses first on defining an optimized flooding mechanism for LSA dissemination.
optimized flooding seems a little general given the next statement. I 
assume here we mean we will work on a mechanism for reduced forwarder 
sets (e.g., MPR, whatever)...below is the reliability aspect.?

Is that the correct interpretation...?


> - Design team focuses on acknowledged (reliable) flooding, leaving periodic flooding as a future optimization.
> 
> and having done so, I would like to consider as a next step the tradeoffs between MPRs and CDS as the relay node set used for flooding (which is described in much detail in Section 3.2 of the draft that I sent around).
> 

(you probably have see my last note by now)...its redundant so forget 
it...read this instead

I reread the new 3.2 section, I see you defined MPR as source-dependent 
CDS and explained  CDS better, but there's some implication MRP isn't 
CDS. Maybe this is all from Richard's tutorial.  From a graph theory 
point of view I am still confused.  I prefer the terms SI-CDS and SD-CDS 
used in literature.

SD-CDS = source dependent CDS
SI-CDS = source independent CDS

But the section is well-written and provides a discussion dropoff point.
Good work...

One thing to note in section 3.2.1.4
Specifically, some researchers (e.g., [10]) have shown simulation
    results that show smaller size relay node sets when using CDS,
    although in the author's opinion, this evidence may be
    scenario-dependent and does not strongly favor one or the other.

-------------------------
I agree with you Tom, as further evidence for further discussion...

in fact "some researchers [Wu etal, and others] state the opposite of 
the above is true"

That basically typical SD-CDS (MPR-like)algorithms produce smaller sets 
than SI-CDS algorithms...

We analysed SD-MPR against a global knowledge clustering algorithm 
(SI-CDS) for up to 100 nodes in a random graph.. ther results showed 
about the same relay set size.  The SI-CDS was much simpler.. Just one 
example I realize that..

Some numbers may also depend how people count the relay set in use..
In a SD-CDS algorithms not all relays are active in the forwarding for 
every packet (in SI they are), since this is source dependent (at least 
previous hop dependent)...

"active relays" used for a given source are usually smaller in SD.

In conclusion, I think it is scenario and algorithm dependent and also 
depends on how one counts the forwarding set used (active vs. total number).
--------------------------------

> Tom
> 
> 
> 
>>-----Original Message-----
>>From: Acee Lindem [mailto:acee@redback.com] 
>>Sent: Friday, October 22, 2004 9:21 AM
>>To: Henderson, Thomas R; ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org
>>Cc: Rohit Dube
>>Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
>>
>>
>>Tom, 
>>
>>Can we schedule a OSPF wireless design update for the Washington 
>>IETF? What I think would be good would be a presentation on the
>>attached document with ample time for WG questions. 
>>
>>Did anybody else have anything relevant to the OSPF wireless 
>>effort that
>>they wanted to present in Washington? I've had a lot going on lately
>>and realized today that time is running short. 
>>
>>Thanks,
>>Acee
>>
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> 
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Hi Joe,

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Joe Macker" <joseph.macker@nrl.navy.mil>
To: <ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org>
Sent: Monday, October 25, 2004 11:13 AM
Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss


> Are we planning to meet separately as a design team in DC as in San Diego?
> I thought that was a very productive forum last time..

For me it would have to be Tuesday. I'm in a transitionary period and am only
going to be at the IETF Monday and Tuesday.


>
> Sorry about nasty message wrapping in my last few e-mails, just switched clients and didn't catch the default settings right 
> away..

> -Joe
>
>
> _______________________________________________
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Subject: RE: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
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Does anyone have a conflict meeting on Tuesday PM?  I have
conflicts on Tuesday AM.

The routing related agenda on Tuesday PM seems to be:
IP over Cable Data Network WG
Routing Protocol Security Requirements WG
(OPS) Global Routing Operations WG
Protocol Independent Multicast WG

For those who will be at the IETF meeting, please chime in if=20
you would like to schedule around any of the above. =20

Tom


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Subject: RE: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
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Catching up on a few of these mails...

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Thomas Heide Clausen [mailto:T.Clausen@computer.org]=20
> Sent: Friday, October 22, 2004 4:18 PM
> To: Henderson, Thomas R
> Cc: Acee Lindem; ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
>=20
>>=20
> Just one brief comment here: I disagree with the terminology=20
> chosen. MPRs do
> form a CDS -- indeed the MPR algorithm is an instance of a=20
> CDS algorithm. As
> such, it doesn't make much sense to chose between them. I'd=20
> suggest that we,
> rather than "chose between them" consider which features we=20
> need -- and then
> pick an algorithm that fits (notice, I did write "pick", not=20
> "develop" -- for a
> reason).
>=20

If we pick from what is available, what is the pool from which
we are picking?

I think that one criteria is that we look for algorithms that
operate in a distributed fashion (i.e., don't require a global
knowledge of all nodes to pick the relay node set).

In the source-dependent CDS realm, that includes MPRs (and=20
Cisco adaptation of that) and TBRPF-like approaches (others?)

In the source-independent CDS realm, I'm aware of the following
distributed approaches:

- the approach by Wu and Li, improved upon by Lin

- the approach described by Adjih (INRIA), which transforms a
set of MPRs into a set of SI-CDS

-  the virtual dynamic backbone algorithm (Kozat et al.)

Are there others? =20

Tom

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see responses inline

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Richard [mailto:rich.ogier@earthlink.net]=20
> Sent: Wednesday, October 27, 2004 12:01 AM
> To: Henderson, Thomas R
> Cc: ospf-wireless-design@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [Ospf-wireless-design] new material to review and discuss
>=20
>=20
> Thomas,
>=20
> Please see my comments below for Section 3.2 of your document
> draft-manet-ospf-design-team-00-pre2
> Overall, it is very good.
>=20
> First I want to comment on your sentence:
>=20
> >    MPRs are also sometimes referred to as source-dependent=20
> CDS, while
> >    the use of the term CDS typically means source-independent CDS.
>=20
> I'm glad you clarified this. So the main issue is whether we want
> the relays to be source-dependent or source-independent. Actually,
> there are different ways of defining a CDS in terms of MPRs,
> depending on the forwarding rule. (E.g., does an MPR forward any
> packet that was received from an MPR selector, or only if the
> first neighbor that transmitted the packet is an MPR selector,
> or only if the min ID neighbor that transmitted the packet is
> an MPR selector, etc.) =20
>=20

agreed, these are possible variations.

>=20
> > 3.2.1.2  Self-selected MPRs
> >
> >    Regarding whether MPRs are self-selected versus selected by the
> >    originators themselves, the tradeoff seems to be some increase in
> >    complexity (i.e., processing steps) to self-select them, versus a
> >    need to use extra fields in Hello or other messages to notify a
> >    neighbor that it has been selected.  However, it may require that
> >    OSPF Hellos be modified to provide two-hop information=20
> anyway.  For
> >    example, consider if each node provided its two-hop neighbor
> >    information to all of its one hop neighbors.  Rather=20
> than the node
> >    running the MPR selection algorithm and notifying the=20
> selected one
> >    hop neighbor, each neighbor could run the algorithm on the node's
> >    behalf, and decide whether it would have been selected=20
> by the node.
> >    But the current OSPF Hello only provides one-hop=20
> neighbor information
> >    for the sending node.
>=20
> Actually, the OSPF Hello does not even provide one-hop neighbor
> information, since it does not say whether each neighbor is 2-way.
> As in Cisco's protocol and in TBRPF, each node can inform its=20
> neighbors
> of all of its 2-way neighbors in its self-originated LSA.
> In that way, each node learns about all of its neighbors' neighbors
> (2-hop neighbors).
> It would be unnecessarily bandwidth consuming for each node to
> report all of its 2-hop neighbors (which would result in each node
> knowing its 3-hop neighbors).

agreed.=20
>=20
> >
> >
> >    A minimum-ID algorithm described in [9] requires O(m^4)=20
> computation
> >    when run as a self-selecting algorithm rather than O(m^2) or O(m)
> >    using the MPR selector approach.  However, it has also=20
> been pointed
>=20
> A min-ID self-selecting algorithm exists which requires only
> O(n^3) using the Floyd-Warshall algorithm to compute shortest paths
> from each neighbor to each other neighbor, where n is the number
> of neighbors. I don't think this is too large.  Another such algorithm
> requires only O(n^2) computations by computing shortest paths=20
> from each
> neighbor to only the min-ID neighbor.

agreed.  thanks for pointing that out.


> >
> >    If a node is self-selecting itself as a CDS, it most=20
> likely does so
> >    with an assumption that neighbors are running the identical or
> >    similar algorithm (in much the same way that the distributed
> >    computation of Dijkstra's algorithm requires that all nodes
> >    consistently apply it).  In a MANET environment, some=20
> nodes may not
> >    be as willing to select themselves as CDS, due to issues such as
> >    energy reserve.  Richard Ogier suggested in [5] that the Router
> >    Priority field may be used to indicate "willingness" to=20
> relay traffic
> >    and become a CDS node, but there is no specific=20
> description of how
> >    this might work.  Likewise, it is not clear how sensitive a CDS
> >    self-selection algorithm would be to neighbors using consistent
> >    algorithms, and hence, how easy it would be to evolve=20
> the heuristics
> >    in an incremental deployment scenario.
>=20
> OSPF requires all nodes to run the same shortest-path algorithm,
> so requiring all nodes to run the same CDS algorithm
> is consistent with OSPF's philosophy.

I agree that CDS is consistent with OSPF-- the question is whether the=20
possibility for evolving the heuristics in an incremental fashion is
worth anything.

>
> >    Although there are several heuristics for CDS=20
> construction that have
> >    been proposed, one interesting one presented by INRIA=20
> (in [9]) can be
> >    used to transform the set of MPRs into a CDS, if the=20
> nodes have some
> >    agreed-upon knowledge of the total-order of the network (such as
> >    increasing router ID).  Ogier has done some simulation=20
> evaluation of
> >    this algorithm in [10] and shown simulation results that=20
> it performs
> >    worse than an algorithm based on two-hop neighbor information.
>=20
> I also want to point out that MPR selection involves *more* than
> 2-hop neighbor information, since each node computes its MPRs
> based on 2-hop neighbor information and then informs its
> neighbors of its MPR selection (so the selection of an MPR
> may depend on information about nodes that are 3 hops from
> the MPR itself).  The CDS algorithms that I am considering
> depend only on 2-hop neighbor information.
> Also, having to first compute MPRs and then inform neighbors of the
> selection results in slower response to topology changes.

Yes, but the node doing the selection relies on two hop info,
right?  That is the main point, I think.  But then there is the
extra step of notifying.  I think you are pointing out that the
CDS algorithm relies on two hop info, but there is no "next step"
of notifying a node as in MPRs.
=20

> >
> >    In Section 6 of [5], Richard Ogier suggests a reliable flooding
> >    technique based on modification of Database Description=20
> (DD) packets.
> >    It calls for special nodes (either CDS nodes or MPR nodes) to
> >    periodically broadcast headers of all the LSAs for which it is
>=20
> It should be clarified that these LSAs headers are contained within
> DD packets that are broadcast to all neighbors periodically (similar
> to the sequence numbers packets of IS-IS).

OK.


> >
> >    For the same reason that differential Hellos might be=20
> useful, so too
> >    might a reduction in the number of neighbors with which=20
> a MANET node
> >    becomes adjacent.  OSPF does this already for broadcast=20
> interfaces.
> >    Fred Baker in [1] suggested that nodes might want to=20
> limit the number
> >    of neighbors.  Richard Ogier in [5] also suggested that=20
> if there are
> >    special nodes such as Multipoint Relays (MPRs) and Connected
> >    Dominating Sets (CDS) in the network, that non-relay=20
> nodes might want
> >    to synchronize only with these relay nodes (Ogier redefined the
> >    concept of adjacency in this context).  When using unreliable
> >    flooding as in [3], no database synchronization occurs;=20
> nodes do not
> >    progress past state 2-Way on a MANET interface.
>=20
> It would be good to point out what happens if the periodic DD packet
> method is used for reliable flooding. In this case (similar to IS-IS),
> a new neighbor of a CDS node (or MPR) will receive the periodic
> DD packets and send a LS Request if the CDS node has a more
> recent LSA.  This is similar to Clausen's proposal (both
> are inspired by IS-IS) but is simpler and closer to OSPF.
>=20

OK, thanks.  When I take a next cut at that section, I will fold in
those comments.

Tom

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