
From T.T.Dinh@cs.bham.ac.uk  Mon Jun  1 09:34:32 2009
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Subject: [P2PSIP] A possible attack scenario for P2PSIP ?
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Hi all,

I've just finished reading the draft
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-p2prg-rtc-security-01.txt

It occurs to me that the following attack scenario might be possible:

1. Client A registers its location, storing a tuple of the form <id_a, 
location_a, expiredtime> to a peer P in the DHT overlay (P also 
represents all replica nodes storing the key id_a)

2. Client B searches for A's location, as a result contacts P.

3. P decides to not give B the latest A's location. It either sends a 
out-of-date tuple regarding A's location or says that A is not in the 
network. A has no way to know or enforce P to behave properly.

It is a variation of the Denial of Service attack, in which the client A 
could be made completely unreachable to the other clients.

Assume the authenticity and integrity of all the tuples, would you say 
that this is a probable attack? My main concern is what incentives of P 
in doing this, especially in this P2P-SIP setting. I think this attack 
depends on the incentives model that encourages clients to act as peers 
in the DHT overlay. I would love to hear some reasonable explanation of 
why P would (and would not) engage in this attack.

Looking forwards to hear your comments.

Anh.





From davidbryan@gmail.com  Tue Jun  2 21:11:50 2009
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Subject: Re: [P2PSIP] A possible attack scenario for P2PSIP ?
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This particular type of attack has been looked at before in several of
the proposed protocol drafts and discussed in some of the security
documents in this WG, so you can find a bit more there. You are
correct, however, that it is a bit of a different attack from those
common in client server approaches.

In the literature, there are several ways to protect against it,
including signed registrations with expirations to prevent spoofed or
expired registrations from being returned, and registration
replication to protect against P simply saying there is no
registration (I can ask someone else if I get a negative response to
get a second opinion if the party really is in the system)

David

On Mon, Jun 1, 2009 at 12:34 PM, Tien Tuan Anh Dinh
<T.T.Dinh@cs.bham.ac.uk> wrote:
> Hi all,
>
> I've just finished reading the draft
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-irtf-p2prg-rtc-security-01.txt
>
> It occurs to me that the following attack scenario might be possible:
>
> 1. Client A registers its location, storing a tuple of the form <id_a,
> location_a, expiredtime> to a peer P in the DHT overlay (P also represents
> all replica nodes storing the key id_a)
>
> 2. Client B searches for A's location, as a result contacts P.
>
> 3. P decides to not give B the latest A's location. It either sends a
> out-of-date tuple regarding A's location or says that A is not in the
> network. A has no way to know or enforce P to behave properly.
>
> It is a variation of the Denial of Service attack, in which the client A
> could be made completely unreachable to the other clients.
>
> Assume the authenticity and integrity of all the tuples, would you say that
> this is a probable attack? My main concern is what incentives of P in doing
> this, especially in this P2P-SIP setting. I think this attack depends on the
> incentives model that encourages clients to act as peers in the DHT overlay.
> I would love to hear some reasonable explanation of why P would (and would
> not) engage in this attack.
>
> Looking forwards to hear your comments.
>
> Anh.
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> P2PSIP mailing list
> P2PSIP@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/p2psip
>

From davidbryan@gmail.com  Wed Jun  3 08:46:55 2009
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Subject: Re: [P2PSIP] A possible attack scenario for P2PSIP ?
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As I mentioned, the signer must include an expiration. There is of
course a window where they could update (change) a registration, and
so there could be a time where a hostile node has two valid, unexpired
registrations at his disposal to choose from, and could return a false
one. This is a reason why registrations (including the expiration
time) must be signed, and why they should be short duration.

If an attacker controls all replicas, you do have a problem,
obviously, but forget the replicas, if the attacker can control that
much of an overlay, they likely can simply prevent routing. Again,
this is a classic attack on P2P systems, and rate-limiting new
identities is designed to protect against this. If you are assuming
that the attacker can somehow directly compromise and control either a
large portion (so that it includes all replicas) or targeted (peer and
it's replicas), again, at that point the attacker could simply take
over the overlay (or just take over A). In such a case, you are out of
luck, but with that assumption, so is any client server architecture
(i.e., if I can take over the server, I control the network)

This isn't a new attack, it has been considered extensively in the
literature and in this group, and while there are some risks
(peer-to-peer networks have different attack vectors), such an attack
would be difficult to mount in practice with the sort of security safe
guards that are being discussed in the WG.

Thanks,

David

On Wed, Jun 3, 2009 at 7:49 AM, Tien Tuan Anh Dinh
<T.T.Dinh@cs.bham.ac.uk> wrote:
>
>> In the literature, there are several ways to protect against it,
>> including signed registrations with expirations to prevent spoofed or
>> expired registrations from being returned,
>
> In the scenario I proposed, I assume the authenticity & integrity of these
> registrations, which include expired date as well. So there's no worry of
> spoofing.
>
>> replication to protect against P simply saying there is no
>> registration (I can ask someone else if I get a negative response to
>> get a second opinion if the party really is in the system)
>
> I also assumed that the attacker can control all the replicas that store the
> particular registration. That could be a reasonable assumption given  a
> powerful attacker.
>
> The main issue here is not that client B (searching for client A) doesn't
> get the answer from P, but instead it always gets the expired registration
> from P, even A just "renewed" its registration a P. Thus, my question still
> is: are there reasonable incentives for P to do that ?
>
> Anh.
>

From michaelc@idssoftware.com  Wed Jun 10 16:24:46 2009
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Subject: [P2PSIP] Use case of big RELO packet?
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Hi,

Can anyone present some use cases of big RELO messages?  Who will send a 
RELO message that is 65K, 500K, 1Meg, 2Gig in size across the overlay?  
I consider that an attack.  This is not a file sharing protocol.

I wouldn't be surprise if a node in the overlay refuses to store/relay a 
message bigger than some small number, say 16K (TLS/DTLS write boundary).

Thanks

--Michael

From bbl@lowekamp.net  Wed Jun 10 18:38:44 2009
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Michael,

With the current usages, you're right, there's absolutely no use for
it.  And there would need to be a different end-to-end protocol to
support such messages.  But we thought it was best to leave the fields
large enough to support it in the future.

We intend to add an explicit maximum message size to the overlay
config file to make absolutely sure it doesn't happen.  Should be in
the next update (hopefully soon).

Bruce



On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 8:28 PM, Michael Chen<michaelc@idssoftware.com> wro=
te:
> Hi,
>
> Can anyone present some use cases of big RELO messages? =C2=A0Who will se=
nd a
> RELO message that is 65K, 500K, 1Meg, 2Gig in size across the overlay? =
=C2=A0I
> consider that an attack. =C2=A0This is not a file sharing protocol.
>
> I wouldn't be surprise if a node in the overlay refuses to store/relay a
> message bigger than some small number, say 16K (TLS/DTLS write boundary).
>
> Thanks
>
> --Michael
> _______________________________________________
> P2PSIP mailing list
> P2PSIP@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/p2psip
>

From melodysong@huawei.com  Thu Jun 11 00:58:38 2009
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Date: Thu, 11 Jun 2009 15:58:33 +0800
From: Song Haibin <melodysong@huawei.com>
To: 'P2PSIP WG' <p2psip@ietf.org>
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Hi,

Peer's Uptime has been listed as a parameter in the structure of
RouteLogEntry in section 5.3.2.3 of the base draft, since the diagnostics of
the overlay network has been removed from the base base draft, I suggest to
remove this parameter here. 

Thanks,
Haibin
Skype: alexsonghw




From michaelc@IDSSOFTWARE.COM  Sat Jun 13 05:55:52 2009
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From: <michaelc@idssoftware.com>
To: "Bruce Lowekamp" <bbl@lowekamp.net>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 2009 05:55:59 -0700
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Subject: Re: [P2PSIP] =?utf-8?q?Use_case_of_big_RELO_packet=3F?=
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Bruce,

Thanks for the reply. I posted a related question May 7 titled "32-bit
length in ForwardingHeader of draft-ietf-p2psip-base-02". None of the
authors in the group responded. Would you please take a look?

--Michael

> -------- Original Message --------
> Subject: Re: [P2PSIP] Use case of big RELO packet?
> From: Bruce Lowekamp <bbl@lowekamp.net>
> Date: Wed, June 10, 2009 6:38 pm
> To: Michael Chen <michaelc@idssoftware.com>
> Cc: p2psip@ietf.org
>=20
>=20
> Michael,
>=20
> With the current usages, you're right, there's absolutely no use for
> it.  And there would need to be a different end-to-end protocol to
> support such messages.  But we thought it was best to leave the fields
> large enough to support it in the future.
>=20
> We intend to add an explicit maximum message size to the overlay
> config file to make absolutely sure it doesn't happen.  Should be in
> the next update (hopefully soon).
>=20
> Bruce
>=20
>=20
>=20
> On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 8:28 PM, Michael Chen<michaelc@idssoftware.com> w=
rote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > Can anyone present some use cases of big RELO messages? =C2=A0Who will =
send a
> > RELO message that is 65K, 500K, 1Meg, 2Gig in size across the overlay? =
=C2=A0I
> > consider that an attack. =C2=A0This is not a file sharing protocol.
> >
> > I wouldn't be surprise if a node in the overlay refuses to store/relay =
a
> > message bigger than some small number, say 16K (TLS/DTLS write boundary=
).
> >
> > Thanks
> >
> > --Michael
> > _______________________________________________
> > P2PSIP mailing list
> > P2PSIP@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/p2psip
> >


From lin.xiao@nsn.com  Sun Jun 28 20:40:09 2009
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Hi, all:

A draft "A P2PSIP Client Routing for Reload" has been submitted.
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-xiao-p2psip-client-routing-00.
txt. It could be looked as an complement of current Reload Base draft on
solving the client routing problem in the scenario that clients are
connected with arbitrary peers.=20

Comments are welcome.

	Title           : A P2PSIP Client Routing for Reload=20
	Author(s)       : L. Xiao and Y.Zhang.
	Filename        : draft-xiao-p2psip-client-routing-00.txt
	Pages           : 13
	Date            : 2009-05-13

Abstract:
This document analyses the routing requirements of different types of
clients, and then proposes a P2P client routing mechanism for REsource
LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD). This mechanism is designed to solve the
issues in one of the client routing options described in the RELOAD Base
protocol [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base], where clients are allowed to connect
with arbitrary peers. The solution is to store the information of a
client's Attached Peer in the overlay together with the registration
data of the client. The extension could be deployed on SIP usage of
RELOAD easily [I-D.draft-ietf-p2psip-sip].


A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-xiao-p2psip-client-routing-00.
txt



Best Regards
Xiao Lin

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Peer-to-Peer Session Initiation Protocol Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : P2PSIP Overlay Diagnostics
	Author(s)       : S. Yongchao, et al.
	Filename        : draft-ietf-p2psip-diagnostics-01.txt
	Pages           : 26
	Date            : 2009-06-30

This document describes mechanisms for P2PSIP diagnostics.  It
describes the usage scenarios and defines several simple methods for
performing diagnostics in P2PSIP overlay networks.  It also describes
the diagnostic information which is useful for the connection and
node status monitoring.  The methods and message formats are
specified as extensions to P2PSIP base protocol RELOAD.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-p2psip-diagnostics-01.txt

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Hi,

This draft of Chunk Discovery for P2P Streaming is being discussed in PPSP mailing list. You are welcome to give comments. Thank you!

BR,
Ning Zong

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From: zongning 63316 <zongning@huawei.com>
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Hi,

There is an initial version of Chunk Discovery for P2P Streaming that describes some mechanisms for distributed chunk discovery in the case of P2P streaming, including re-using RELOAD, and combind Tracker/Peer Gossip method.

Let me know any comments you have. Thanks.

BR,
Ning Zong

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PPSP                                                        N. Zong, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                       Huawei Technologies
Intended status: Standards Track                           June 28, 2009
Expires: December 30, 2009


                   Chunk Discovery for P2P Streaming
                   draft-zong-ppsp-chunk-discovery-00

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This Internet-Draft will expire on December 30, 2009.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of
   publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.

Abstract

   This document describes several mechanisms of Chunk Discovery in P2P
   Streaming use case.  The Chunk Discovery for P2P streaming provides
   the functionality of streaming sources registrar and discovery in a



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   fully-distributed system.  It provides register, update and lookup
   service for video chunks in the P2P Streaming applications.  The
   mechanisms include a P2P streaming usage for REsource LOcation And
   Discovery (RELOAD), and a combined Trakcer and Peer Gossip method.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   3.  Implementation using Current RELOAD Mechanisms . . . . . . . .  4
     3.1.  Register Chunk Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     3.2.  PEER-REGISTRATION Kind Definition  . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     3.3.  Lookup Chunk Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.4.  Extend PeerRegistrationData  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
   4.  Combine Data on the Storage Peer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     4.1.  Register Chunk Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     4.2.  Combine Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     4.3.  New PEER-REGISTRATION Kind Definition  . . . . . . . . . . 10
     4.4.  Lookup Chunk Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     4.5.  New Requirement to Storage Peer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   5.  Open Issues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   6.  A Combined Tracker and Peer Gossip Method  . . . . . . . . . . 11
     6.1.  Tracker Communication  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     6.2.  Peer Gossip  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   7.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
   8.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   9.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15



















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1.  Introduction

   As one of the architectures for deliverying streaming traffic on the
   global Internet , the P2P streaming has the advantage of being
   scalable to a large number of subscribers with low infrastructural
   cost [PPSP1].  P2P streaming applications attract more and more users
   to consume video content online [PPLive][PPStrm][UUSee].

   P2P streaming applications adopt a decentralized streaming
   architecture where the media content is separated into smaller chunks
   to be shared among peers.  A chunk is a basic unit of partitioned
   streaming, which is used for the purpose of storage and advertising
   to neighbors what parts of a movie a peer holds [SIGP2P].  In the
   case of VoD, different users watch different parts of the video
   content (i.e. have different chunks) so that a peer normally
   maintains a buffer to share video chunks with other peers.  In the
   case of live content, because all peers are mostly interested in what
   is actually happens "now", one possible role of a peer is to request
   video chunks from a live source and then forward the chunks to more
   peers.  In all the cases, The procedure of chunk discovery for P2P
   streaming is needed to allow peers to register the information of the
   video chunks which have been received and ready for sharing with
   other peers, as well as locate video chunks from multiple peers in a
   fully-distributed manner.

   This document describes several mechanisms of Chunk Discovery in P2P
   Streaming use case.  The Chunk Discovery for P2P streaming provides
   the functionality of streaming sources registrar and discovery in a
   fully-distributed system.  It provides register, update and lookup
   service for video chunks in the P2P Streaming applications.  The
   mechanisms include a P2P streaming usage for REsource LOcation And
   Discovery (RELOAD) [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base], and a combined Trakcer and
   Peer Gossip method [PPSP1][PPSP2].


2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

   We use the terminology and definitions from Concepts and Terminology
   for Peer to Peer SIP [I-D.ietf-p2psip-concepts] and the RELOAD Base
   Protocol [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base].







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3.  Implementation using Current RELOAD Mechanisms

   The P2P streaming usage for current RELOAD involves the following
   functions.

      1, Registration.  A peer can use the RELOAD data storage
      functionality to store a mapping from the Chunk-IDs of the stored
      video chunks to its Node-ID.

      2, Lookup.  A peer can use the RELOAD data storage functionality
      to retrieve the Node-IDs of the peers who have registered the
      information of the requested video chunks.

   For example, Peer A has received video chunks with Video-ID "Movie A"
   and Chunk-IDs "Chunk 1", "Chunk 2" and ready for sharing these chunks
   with other peers.  Peer A could register its Node-ID "1234" under
   these Video-ID and Chunk-IDs.  Similarly, Peer B has received video
   chunks with Video-ID "Movie A" and Chunk-IDs "Chunk 1", "Chunk 2" and
   "Chunk 3" and register its Node-ID "5678" under these Video-ID and
   Chunk-IDs.  When Peer C wants to match "Movie A" from the chunk with
   Chunk-ID "Chunk 2", it queries the overlay for "Movie A" and "Chunk
   2" and gets back Node-IDs "1234" and "5678".  Peer C then uses the
   overlay to establish a direct connection with Peer A and Peer B and
   can use that direct connection to perform media signaling process.
   This example is depicted as follows:


























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     Peer A                Overlay Peers         Peer B           Peer C
     (1234)                  |                   (5678)                |
       |                     |                     |                   |
       |StoreReq(MovieA,     |                     |                   |
       |         Chunk1/2)-->|                     |                   |
       |<------------StoreAns|                     |                   |
       |                     |<--StoreReq(MovieA,  |                   |
       |                     |          Chunk1/2/3)|                   |
       |                     |StoreAns------------>|                   |
       |                     |                     |                   |
       |                     |<-----------------------FetchReq(MovieA, |
       |                     |                     |           Chunk 2)|
       |                     | FetchAns(1234/5678)-------------------->|
       |                     |                     |                   |
       |                     |                     |<----Attach------->|
       |<----------------------------Attach--------------------------->|
       |                     |                     |                   |
       |                     |                     |<----ICE Check---->|
       |<----------------------------ICE Check------------------------>|
       |                     |                     |                   |
       |                     |                     |<--Media Signal--->|
       |<------------------------Media Signaling---------------------->|
       |                     |                     |                   |
       |                     |                     |-----Media-------->|
       |-----------------------------Media---------------------------->|
       |                     |                     |                   |

3.1.  Register Chunk Information

   In conventional C/S streaming cases, the media information (e.g.
   media file URL) can be obtained by media clients from the media
   server.  In P2P streaming usage of RELOAD, each peer registers the
   information of the video chunks which have been received and ready
   for sharing with other peers, as well as locate video chunks from
   multiple peers through the RELOAD overlay.  To register its chunk
   information, a RELOAD peer stores a PeerRegistrationData structure.
   This uses the PEER-REGISTRATION Kind-ID, which is formally defined in
   Section 3.2.

   As a simple example, if Peer A has obtained the video chunks with
   Video-ID "Movie A" and Chunk-IDs "Chunk 1", "Chunk 2" and its Node-ID
   is "1234", it may store the mapping "Movie A, Chunk 1/2 -> 1234" in
   the RELOAD overlay.  This would tell anyone who wanted to watch
   "Movie A" from the Chunk with Chunk-ID "Chunk 1" or "Chunk 2" to
   contact node "1234".

   The contents of a PeerRegistrationData structure are as follows:




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     struct {
         uint16         destination_id_list_length;
         Destination    destination_id_list[destination_id_list_length];
     } PeerRegistrationData;

   The contents of the PeerRegistrationData PDU are:

      destination_id_list_length: The number of the peers having
      registered the chunk.

      destination_id_list: The identifiers of peers who have registered
      the chunk.

   Note that RELOAD explicitly supports that multiple peers registration
   the same combination of Video-ID and Chunk-ID.  For example, both
   Peer A and Peer B could register "Movie A" and "Chunk 1".  Therefore,
   the registrations are stored in a Dictionary with dictionary values
   being PeerRegistrationData and dictionary keys being Node-IDs.  So,
   let's say Peer A (with Node-ID "1234") has "Chunk 1" and "Chunk 2" of
   "Movie A" and Peer B (with Node-ID "5678") has "Chunk 1", "Chunk 2"
   and "Chunk 3" of "Movie A".  Peer A would generate
   PeerResgistrationData of {1, [1234]}, and PeerB would create
   PeerRegistrationData {1, [5678]}.  Then they would do the following
   stores (registers) into the overlay:

      Peer A:

      Movie A:Chunk 1 -> 1234, {1, [1234] }

      Movie A:Chunk 2 -> 1234, {1, [1234] }

      Peer B:

      Movie A:Chunk 1 -> 5678, {1, [5678] }

      Movie A:Chunk 2 -> 5678, {1, [5678] }

      Movie A:Chunk 3 -> 5678, {1, [5678] }

3.2.  PEER-REGISTRATION Kind Definition

   PEER-REGISTRATION Kind-ID include:

      1, Kind IDs.  The Resource Name for the PEER-REGISTRATION is the
      combination of Video-ID and Chunk-ID.  The data stored is a
      PeerRegistrationData, which contains the Node-IDs of peers who can
      provide the video chunks.




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      2, Data Model.  The data model for the PEER-REGISTRATION Kind is
      dictionary.  The dictionary key is the Node-ID of the peer who can
      provide the video chunk.

      3, Access Control.  If certificate-based access control is being
      used, stored data of Kind PEER-REGISTRATION must be signed by a
      certificate which contains a Node-ID matching the storing
      dictionary key.

3.3.  Lookup Chunk Information

   In P2P streaming usage of RELOAD, when a peer wants to match a video
   from certain chunk, it queries the overlay for the corresponding
   Video-ID and Chunk-ID and gets back the Node-IDs of the peers who can
   provide the video chunks.

   As a simple example, if Peer C wants to match "Movie A" from the
   chunk with Chunk-ID "Chunk 2", it performs a Fetch for kind PEER-
   REGISTRATION at Video-ID "Movie A" and Chunk-ID "Chunk 2".  If this
   Fetch does not indicate any specific dictionary keys, it will result
   in fetching all the stored values, which is PeerRegistrationData as
   follows:

      Dictionary Results:

      1234, {1, [1234] }

      5678, {1, [5678] }

   Peer C then uses the overlay to establish direct connections with
   Peer A and Peer B and can use these direct connections to perform
   media signaling process and video transportation.

3.4.  Extend PeerRegistrationData

   Note that the performance of chunk discovery would be increased by
   adding some fields to the PeerRegostrationData structure that lets a
   peer list all the chunks it has.  That is, if Peer C searches for
   "Movie A" and "Chunk 2", it will find not only that both Peer A and
   Peer B have "Movie A" and "Chunk 2", but aslo Peer A has "Chunk 1"
   and Peer B has "Chunk 1", "Chunk 3".  Peer C then would probably
   directly request Peer B to serve "Chunk 3" after "Chunk 2", without
   asking for the RELOAD to do a new lookup for "Chunk 3".

   The contents of the extended PeerRegistrationData structure are as
   follows:





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    typedef opaque       ChunkID[2];

    struct {
      Destination    destination_id;
      uint16         chunk_id_list_length;
      ChunkID        chunk_id_list[chunk_id_list_length];
    } DestChunkData

    struct {
      uint16         destination_id_list_length;
      DestChunkData  destination_chunk_list[destination_id_list_length];
    } PeerRegistrationData;

   The contents of the DestChunkData PDU are:

      ChunkID: A fixed-length 16-bit string.

      chunk_id_list_length: The number of the chunks owned by the peer.

      chunk_id_list: The identifiers of chunks owned by the peer.

   The contents of the extened PeerRegistrationData PDU are:

      destination_id_list_length: The number of the peers having
      registered the chunk.

      destination_chunk_list: The list of DestChunkData corresponding to
      the peers that register the chunk.

   Therefore, in the previous example, Peer A and Peer B would do the
   following stores (registers) into the overlay:

      Peer A:

      Movie A:Chunk 1 -> 1234, {1, [ {1234, 2, [Chunk 1, Chunk 2]} ] }

      Movie A:Chunk 2 -> 1234, {1, [ {1234, 2, [Chunk 1, Chunk 2]} ] }

      Peer B:

      Movie A:Chunk 1 -> 5678, {1, [ {5678, 3, [Chunk 1, Chunk 2, Chunk
      3]} ] }

      Movie A:Chunk 2 -> 5678, {1, [ {5678, 3, [Chunk 1, Chunk 2, Chunk
      3]} ] }

      Movie A:Chunk 3 -> 5678, {1, [ {5678, 3, [Chunk 1, Chunk 2, Chunk
      3]} ] }



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   Similarly, if Peer C wants to match "Movie A" and "Chunk 2", it gets
   back the following results:

      Dictionary Results:

      1234, {1, [ {1234, 2, [Chunk 1, Chunk 2]} ] }

      5678, {1, [ {5678, 3, [Chunk 1, Chunk 2, Chunk 3]} ] }


4.  Combine Data on the Storage Peer

   However, if there are many chunks (say more than 1000) in a movie,
   then a peer with the whole movie will have to perform many
   registrations to list all the things that it has registered.  This
   would impact the RELOAD overlay as an inefficient way to do the chunk
   registration.

4.1.  Register Chunk Information

   Now we define a new ChunkInfoData structure as follows:

       typedef opaque ChunkID[2];

       struct {
           uint16     chunk_id_list_length;
           ChunkID    chunk_id_list[chunk_id_list_length];
       } ChunkInfoData;

   The contents of the ChunkInfoData PDU are:

      ChunkID: A fixed-length 16-bit string.

      chunk_id_list_length: The number of the chunks owned by the peer.

      chunk_id_list: The identifiers of chunks owned by the peer.

   Let's reuse the example in Section 3.1.  Suppose that Peer A and Peer
   B both do the following stores (registers) into the overlay:

      Peer A:

      Movie A -> 1234, {2, [Chunk1,Chunk2]}

      Peer B:

      Movie A -> 5678, {3, [Chunk1,Chunk2,Chunk3]}




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   It can be observed that the number of registrations performed by
   peers is largely reduced.

4.2.  Combine Data

   The storage peer needs to re-arrage the stored data to:

      Movie A -> Chunk1, {2, [ {1234, 2, [Chunk 1, Chunk 2]}, {5678, 3,
      [Chunk 1, Chunk 2, Chunk 3]} ] }

      Movie A -> Chunk2, {2, [ {1234, 2, [Chunk 1, Chunk 2]}, {5678, 3,
      [Chunk 1, Chunk 2, Chunk 3]} ] }

      Movie A -> Chunk3, {1, [ {5678, 3, [Chunk 1, Chunk 2, Chunk 3]} ]
      }

   So, the registrations are stored in a Dictionary with dictionary
   values being PeerRegistrationData and dictionary keys being Chunk-
   IDs.

4.3.  New PEER-REGISTRATION Kind Definition

   The new PEER-REGISTRATION Kind-ID include:

      1, Kind IDs.  The Resource Name for the new PEER-REGISTRATION is
      the Video-ID.  The data stored is a PeerRegistrationData, which
      contains the Node-IDs of the peers who can provide the video.

      2, Data Model.  The data model for the new PEER-REGISTRATION Kind
      is dictionary.  The dictionary key is the Chunk-ID of the chunk
      registered by the peers who can provide the video chunk.

      3, Access Control.  If certificate-based access control is being
      used, stored data of the new Kind PEER-REGISTRATION must be signed
      by a certificate which contains a Chunk-ID matching the storing
      dictionary key.

4.4.  Lookup Chunk Information

   If Peer C wants to match "Movie A" from the chunk with Chunk-ID
   "Chunk 2", it performs a Fetch for kind PEER-REGISTRATION at Video-ID
   "Movie A" with dictionary key "Chunk2".  It will send back dictionary
   results as follows:

      Dictionary Results:

      {2, [ {1234, 2, [Chunk 1, Chunk 2]}, {5678, 3, [Chunk 1, Chunk 2,
      Chunk 3]} ] }



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   Peer C then uses the overlay to establish direct connections with
   Peer A and Peer B and can use these direct connections to perform
   media signaling process and video transportation.

4.5.  New Requirement to Storage Peer

   It is now obviously required that the storage peer performes the
   combining of the chunk information data (with the data structure of
   ChunkInfoData) from different peers and convert them to the data
   structure of PeerRegistrationData.  This capability of combining and
   converting data between different data structures would be a new
   functionality of RELOAD.


5.  Open Issues

   Although the P2P streaming usage of RELOAD would be straightforward,
   it is still an open question that if the RELOAD is suitable for P2P
   streaming.

      1, Searching Efficiency.  P2P streaming applications normally
      require retrieving the real-time/para real-time video chunks
      quickly through the direct chunk information exchange among the
      peers.  On the other hand, iterative and recursive routing process
      supported in RELAOD may not meet the real-time requirement of the
      P2P streaming [PPSP2].

      2, Working Load.  P2P streaming applications need constant and
      more frequent support of RELOAD.  On one hand, during the P2P
      streaming process, the requestor would constantly ask for RELOAD
      to lookup a new set of peers to serve next chunks of video.  This
      is either because the current peers left or the requestor is not
      sure if the current peers can serve the next chunks of video.  On
      the other hand, peers also need to constantly advise the chunks
      they have to the RELOAD to keep the chunk information updated on
      the RELOAD overlay.  The need of constant support of RELOAD may
      impose a large burden on RELOAD, supposing that there are a large
      number (say hundreds of thousands) of simultaneously on-line P2P
      streaming peers.

   These issue of the performance of RELOAD on supporting P2P streaming
   applications need to be evaluated in both PPSP and P2PSIP
   communities.


6.  A Combined Tracker and Peer Gossip Method

   The combined tracker and peer gossip method generally contains



Zong                    Expires December 30, 2009              [Page 11]

Internet-Draft             P2P Streaming Usage                 June 2009


   following components:

      1. tracker communications.  Peer reports to some centralized
      directory server (a.k.a. tracker) coarse information (i.e.
      Video-ID).  When the tracker receives the video request from a
      peer, it returns to the requesting peer with a peer list (or, a
      swarm) in which the peers are sharing the requested video.

      2. peer gossip.  The grain information (i.e.  Chunk-ID) is
      achieved by the requesting peer through directly communicating
      with the peers in the obtained peer list to exchange the chunk
      description.


                       +---------------+
          ------------>|   Tracker     |<------------------------
          |            +---------------+            |           |
          |                                         |           |
          |           Tracker Communications        |           |
          |                                         |           |
          V                                         V           |
     +--------+ Peer Gossip (Chunk Description) +--------+      |
     |        |<------------------------------->|        |      |
     |  Peer  |                                 |  Peer  |      |
     |        |<---------------------           |        |      |
     +--------+                     |           +--------+      |
                   Peer Gossip      |                           V
                (Chunk Description) |                      +--------+
                                    |                      |        |
                                    ---------------------->|  Peer  |
                                                           |        |
                                                           +--------+

                                                           More Peers
                                                            ... ...

6.1.  Tracker Communication

   For example, Peer A is watching a video "Movie A" and ready for
   sharing this video with other peers.  Peer A could report to the
   tracker by sending the Video-ID "Movie A" to the tracker.  Similarly,
   Peer B is watching "Movie A" and register itself under the Video-ID
   "Movie A" to the tracker.  Tracker then keep a record that both Peer
   A and Peer B would share "Movie A" with other peers.  When Peer C
   wants to match "Movie A" , it firstly queries the tracker for the
   list of peers who would provide the video.  It gets back Peer A and
   Peer B. Peer C then would communicate with both Peer A and Peer B to
   check who would serve the requested chunks of "Movie A".  This exaple



Zong                    Expires December 30, 2009              [Page 12]

Internet-Draft             P2P Streaming Usage                 June 2009


   is shown as below:

     Peer A              racker              Peer B            Peer C
       |                   |                   |                    |
       |Report(Movie A)--->|                   |                    |
       |<---------ReportAns|                   |                    |
       |                   |                   |                    |
       |                   |<---Report(Movie A)|                    |
       |                   |ReportAns--------->|                    |
       |                   |                   |                    |
       |                   |<-----------------------Request(Movie A)|
       |                   |RequestAns(Peer A/Peer B)-------------->|
       |                   |                   |                    |

6.2.  Peer Gossip

   For example, even Peer C gets back the peer list including Peer A and
   Peer B, it still doesn't know who can serve the requested chunk (say
   "Chunk 3").  Therefore, Peer C needs to discover which peer would
   serve the request chunk of "Movie A".  The chunk information (i.e.
   whick chunks are stored on which peers) can be achieved by directly
   communicating with both Peer A and Peer B to exchange the chunk
   description.  Suppose that Peer A stores video chunks with Chunk-ID
   "Chunk 1", "Chunk 2" and Peer B stored "Chunk 1", "Chunk 2" and
   "Chunk 3".  This exaple is illustrated as follows:

        Peer A                     Peer B                      Peer C
         |                           |                             |
         | <------------------------------------------ChunkDescReq |
         | ChunkDescAns(Chunk 1/2)-------------------------------> |
         |                           |                             |
         |                           | <--------------ChunkDescReq |
         |                           | ChunkDescAns(Chunk 1/2/3)-> |
         |                           |                             |
         |                           | <-----Media Signaling-----> |
         |                           |                             |
         |                           | ------Media---------------> |
         |                           |                             |

   Because only Peer B has the chunk with Chunk-ID of "Chunk 3", Peer C
   then requests the data of "Chunk 3" from Peer B by establishing a
   media connection with Peer B.


7.  IANA Considerations

   TODO define PEER-REGISTRATION Kind-ID in the case of using RELOAD for
   P2P streaming chunk discovery,



Zong                    Expires December 30, 2009              [Page 13]

Internet-Draft             P2P Streaming Usage                 June 2009


8.  Security Considerations

   TODO describe security considerations when performing chunk discovery
   for P2P streaming.


9.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank the following for their contributions
   to this document: David Bryan.  TODO list more.


10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base]
              Jennings, C., Lowekamp, B., Rescorla, E., Baset, S., and
              H. Schulzrinne, "REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD)
              Base Protocol", draft-ietf-p2psip-base-02 (work in
              progress), March 2009.

   [I-D.ietf-p2psip-concepts]
              Bryan, D., Matthews, P., Shim, E., Willis, D., and S.
              Dawkins, "Concepts and Terminology for Peer to Peer SIP",
              draft-ietf-p2psip-concepts-02 (work in progress),
              July 2008.

10.2.  Informative References

   [PPLive]   "www.pplive.com".

   [PPStrm]   "www.ppstream.com".

   [UUSee]    "www.uusee.com".

   [SIGP2P]   Huang, "Challenges, Design and Analysis of a Large-scale
              P2P-VoD System".

   [PPSP1]    Zong, N. and X. Jiang, "Survey and Problem Statement of
              P2P Streaming", IETF PPSP BoF, November 2008.

   [PPSP2]    Zhang, Y., Zong, N., Camarillo, G., Seng, J., and R. Yang,
              "Problem Statement of P2P Streaming Protocol (PPSP)",
              IETF PPSP BoF, May 2009.



Zong                    Expires December 30, 2009              [Page 14]

Internet-Draft             P2P Streaming Usage                 June 2009


Author's Address

   Ning Zong (editor)
   Huawei Technologies
   10F, Huihong Mansion, No.91 Baixia Road
   Nanjing  210001
   China

   Phone: +86 25 84565866
   Email: zongning@huawei.com









































Zong                    Expires December 30, 2009              [Page 15]



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A new version of I-D, draft-zong-ppsp-chunk-discovery-00.txt has been successfuly submitted by Ning Zong and posted to the IETF repository.

Filename:	 draft-zong-ppsp-chunk-discovery
Revision:	 00
Title:		 Chunk Discovery for P2P Streaming
Creation_date:	 2009-06-28
WG ID:		 Independent Submission
Number_of_pages: 15

Abstract:
This document describes several mechanisms of Chunk Discovery in P2P
Streaming use case.  The Chunk Discovery for P2P streaming provides
the functionality of streaming sources registrar and discovery in a
fully-distributed system.  It provides register, update and lookup
service for video chunks in the P2P Streaming applications.  The
mechanisms include a P2P streaming usage for REsource LOcation And
Discovery (RELOAD), and a combined Trakcer and Peer Gossip method.
                                                                                  


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From: "Narayanan, Vidya" <vidyan@qualcomm.com>
To: "p2psip@ietf.org" <p2psip@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 2009 13:50:56 -0700
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Hi,
We have submitted a draft on enhanced client operation for RELOAD.  It supp=
orts the attachment of clients to arbitrary peers without needing applicati=
on specific destination list population and it inherently provides support =
for client mobility. =20

The draft can be found at http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-vidya-p=
2psip-eclients-00.txt.  Comments welcome. =20

Thanks,
Vidya

From shen.jiong@zte.com.cn  Tue Jun 30 18:16:42 2009
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Subject: [P2PSIP]  New draft on content sharing usage for RELOAD
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Hi all,

We have submitted a draft on content sharing usage for RELOAD. It provides 
the functionality of distributing and fetching shared content efficiently 
to and from a P2P overlay network, which performs as Content Delivery 
Network and is service insensitive.

The draft can be found at 
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-shen-p2psip-content-sharing-00.txt. 
 Comments are welcome. 


Thanks,
Jiong



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<br><font size=3 face="Times New Roman">Hi all,</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><br>
We have submitted a draft on content sharing usage for RELOAD. It provides
the functionality of distributing and fetching shared content efficiently
to and from a P2P overlay network, which performs as Content Delivery Network
and is service insensitive.<br>
<br>
The draft can be found at http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-shen-p2psip-content-sharing-00.txt.
&nbsp;Comments are welcome. &nbsp;</font>
<br><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
Jiong<br>
</font>
<br><br><pre>
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From melodysong@huawei.com  Tue Jun 30 19:10:28 2009
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Date: Wed, 01 Jul 2009 10:10:33 +0800
From: Song Haibin <melodysong@huawei.com>
To: 'P2PSIP WG' <p2psip@ietf.org>
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Subject: [P2PSIP] P2PSIP Security Requirements Taken Out From draft-matuszewski-p2psip-security-requirements-04
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Dear all,

According to the comments from IETF 73 meeting in Minneapolis, the security
requirements in the merged draft-matuszewski-p2psip-security-requirements-04
should be transferred to the base draft, and the remaining part will become
an informational i-d on p2psip security analysis and tutorial.

The authors of draft-matuszewski-p2psip-security-requirements have taken the
security requirements out, and list it in the attached document. We had a
few email exchange with the authors of the base draft several weeks ago, but
not covered all the requirements. More discussion is welcome.  

Best Regards,
Haibin
Skype: alexsonghw



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From ekr@networkresonance.com  Tue Jun 30 19:21:48 2009
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Date: Tue, 30 Jun 2009 19:22:19 -0700
From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Song Haibin <melodysong@huawei.com>
In-Reply-To: <007e01c9f9f1$1d9d4350$0f0ca40a@china.huawei.com>
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Subject: Re: [P2PSIP] P2PSIP Security Requirements Taken Out From draft-matuszewski-p2psip-security-requirements-04
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At Wed, 01 Jul 2009 10:10:33 +0800,
Song Haibin wrote:
> 
> [1  <text/plain; us-ascii (7bit)>]
> Dear all,
> 
> According to the comments from IETF 73 meeting in Minneapolis, the security
> requirements in the merged draft-matuszewski-p2psip-security-requirements-04
> should be transferred to the base draft, and the remaining part will become
> an informational i-d on p2psip security analysis and tutorial.

My memory of the discussion is a little different. Namely, that 
any security requirements that weren't already reflected in
the RELOAD design would be discussed for appropriateness and
merged into RELOAD if appropriate.

Which of the requirements in this document do you believe fit
that description?

-Ekr


From melodysong@huawei.com  Tue Jun 30 20:01:19 2009
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Date: Wed, 01 Jul 2009 11:01:34 +0800
From: Song Haibin <melodysong@huawei.com>
In-reply-to: <20090701022219.76D161C6002@kilo.networkresonance.com>
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Subject: Re: [P2PSIP] P2PSIP Security Requirements Taken Out From draft-matuszewski-p2psip-security-requirements-04
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Hi Ekr,

>-----Original Message-----
>From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com] 
>Sent: Wednesday, July 01, 2009 10:22 AM
>To: Song Haibin
>Cc: 'P2PSIP WG'
>Subject: Re: [P2PSIP] P2PSIP Security Requirements Taken Out 
>From draft-matuszewski-p2psip-security-requirements-04
>
>At Wed, 01 Jul 2009 10:10:33 +0800,
>Song Haibin wrote:
>> 
>> [1  <text/plain; us-ascii (7bit)>]
>> Dear all,
>> 
>> According to the comments from IETF 73 meeting in Minneapolis, the 
>> security requirements in the merged 
>> draft-matuszewski-p2psip-security-requirements-04
>> should be transferred to the base draft, and the remaining part will 
>> become an informational i-d on p2psip security analysis and tutorial.
>
>My memory of the discussion is a little different. Namely, 
>that any security requirements that weren't already reflected 
>in the RELOAD design would be discussed for appropriateness 
>and merged into RELOAD if appropriate.
>
Okay.

>Which of the requirements in this document do you believe fit 
>that description?

What about system security requirement 6, 11 and 12?

-Haibin

>
>-Ekr
>


From ekr@networkresonance.com  Tue Jun 30 20:15:43 2009
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From: Eric Rescorla <ekr@networkresonance.com>
To: Song Haibin <melodysong@huawei.com>
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Subject: Re: [P2PSIP] P2PSIP Security Requirements Taken Out From draft-matuszewski-p2psip-security-requirements-04
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At Wed, 01 Jul 2009 11:01:34 +0800,
Song Haibin wrote:
> >Which of the requirements in this document do you believe fit 
> >that description?
> 
> What about system security requirement 6, 11 and 12?

For those of you who can't read Word, these are:

> Req. 6: The system must be able to identify repeat and delay attacks

Well, these are both normal functions of a best-effort network,
so I'm not sure how one would determine whether a node was
misbehaving.


> Req. 11: An owner of P2PSIP resource (user) record MAY indicate
> which users or network entities can retrieve, modify, and delete
> data stored in their P2PSIP resource (user) records.

I actually think this is a bad idea. Previous experiences
with trying to design access control systems (see WebDAV ACLs)
have turned out to be really overcomplicated. As far as I
can tell, this isn't necessary for the SIP use cases.


> Req. 12: It SHOULD be possible to limit the impact of badly behaving
> P2PSIP nodes on the overall system security.  There SHOULD be an
> option to identify malfunctioning or badly behaving nodes, and exclude
> or reject them from the P2PSIP system.

Hmm... It seems to me that this is already possible at least in
some sense: you use short-lived certificates and then refuse to
reissue their certificates. Did you have something else in
mind? CRLs?

-Ekr


From melodysong@huawei.com  Tue Jun 30 21:16:09 2009
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Date: Wed, 01 Jul 2009 12:16:12 +0800
From: Song Haibin <melodysong@huawei.com>
In-reply-to: <20090701031556.DDA881C6057@kilo.networkresonance.com>
To: 'Eric Rescorla' <ekr@networkresonance.com>
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Cc: 'P2PSIP WG' <p2psip@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [P2PSIP] P2PSIP Security Requirements Taken Out From draft-matuszewski-p2psip-security-requirements-04
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Hi Ekr,

Thanks!
Haibin
  

>-----Original Message-----
>From: Eric Rescorla [mailto:ekr@networkresonance.com] 
>Sent: Wednesday, July 01, 2009 11:16 AM
>To: Song Haibin
>Cc: 'Eric Rescorla'; 'P2PSIP WG'
>Subject: Re: [P2PSIP] P2PSIP Security Requirements Taken Out 
>From draft-matuszewski-p2psip-security-requirements-04
>
>At Wed, 01 Jul 2009 11:01:34 +0800,
>Song Haibin wrote:
>> >Which of the requirements in this document do you believe fit that 
>> >description?
>> 
>> What about system security requirement 6, 11 and 12?
>
>For those of you who can't read Word, these are:
>
>> Req. 6: The system must be able to identify repeat and delay attacks
>
>Well, these are both normal functions of a best-effort 
>network, so I'm not sure how one would determine whether a 
>node was misbehaving.
>
>
>> Req. 11: An owner of P2PSIP resource (user) record MAY 
>indicate which 
>> users or network entities can retrieve, modify, and delete 
>data stored 
>> in their P2PSIP resource (user) records.
>
>I actually think this is a bad idea. Previous experiences with 
>trying to design access control systems (see WebDAV ACLs) have 
>turned out to be really overcomplicated. As far as I can tell, 
>this isn't necessary for the SIP use cases.
>

As RELOAD is designed to support various usages. Other usages may have this
requirement. For example, we can image group communication scenarios, only
members of a group can retrieve and modify the files belonging to this
group. I think ACL might work. Could you tell me what causes the WebDAV ACLs
overcomplicated?

>
>> Req. 12: It SHOULD be possible to limit the impact of badly behaving 
>> P2PSIP nodes on the overall system security.  There SHOULD be an 
>> option to identify malfunctioning or badly behaving nodes, 
>and exclude 
>> or reject them from the P2PSIP system.
>
>Hmm... It seems to me that this is already possible at least 
>in some sense: you use short-lived certificates and then 
>refuse to reissue their certificates. Did you have something 
>else in mind? CRLs?
>
I'm not sure about the solution here. I think it may be hard to determine
the TTL for such kind shor-lived certificates. Misbehaving nodes still
function in the overlay until its certificate expires. Too short TTL may
overload the CA anyway. I don't know how CRLs work in the overlay, in a p2p
fashion or in a c/s fashion.

-Haibin


>-Ekr
>

