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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [Pana] Some comments about PANA drafts
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Hi Pari,

Thank you for reviewing the drafts.  I have one quick comment on the
PANA framework draft.

On Mon, May 31, 2004 at 12:41:17PM +0300, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> 
> 
> Comments about draft-ietf-pana-framework-00:
> 
> Section 10.2.2: First, let's say that I have some doubts about
> whether anyone will actually implement this. It also seems that
> there are not enough details about e.g. PANA would actually work
> together with 802.11 and .11i state machines and procedures, but
> maybe this isn't necessary in a "framework" document. (BTW, the
> 4-way handshake is started by the AP; bullet 4 in 10.2.2.2 seems
> to assume otherwise.)

An update to section 10.2.2 is being discussed on the mailing list:

http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/pana/current/msg00693.html

(Any comment on the above thread is appreciated.)

There is some plan to implement the model in Open Diameter project.

You are right that 4-way handshake is started by the AP and bullet 4
in 10.2.2.2 is ambiguous on it.  We will revise the text.

Regards,

Yoshihiro Ohba


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Subject: [Pana] New Issues on PANA threats draft
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I have opened four new issues 86,87,88,89 on PANA threats draft after AD's review.
These are the big ones and rest are mostly editorial. I will post the resolution to these
in a separate email. Please send your comments there.

-mohan


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From pana-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Jun  1 22:26:31 2004
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Subject: [Pana] PANA threats Issue 86
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Hi,

Following is the resolution to Issue 86:

Include a new threat in Section 6.4:

T6.4.2: PaC can leave the network without notifying the PAA or EP  
            e.g., the Ethernet cable is unplugged, system crash. An attacker can  
            pretend to be the PaC and start using the network.  

And change FROM:

            If the link is not shared, this threat is absent as ingress filtering  
            can prevent one node from impersonating as another node.  

TO:

           If the link is not shared, T6.4.1 is absent as ingress filtering can prevent
           one node from impersonating as another node. Threat T6.4.2 is still possible
           as the disconnect may not be seen reliably by the network always.

And Change the Requirement to drop "on shared links". Also, update the summary
at the end.

Comments ?

-mohan



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From: "Mohan Parthasarathy" <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
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Subject: Re: [Pana] Some comments about PANA drafts
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Pasi,

Thanks for your comments. I will address the IPsec issue here :

>Comments about draft-ietf-pana-ipsec-03:
>
>Section 5: What happens if there were two EAP authentications,
>resulting in two AAA-Keys?

Do you know what happens in 802.11i  for this case ? We can follow
the same here.

>Section 8: The special rule for PANA_PORT should be included 
>in Section 8.1 and 8.2, rather than described separately.

Okay. I was trying to save space :-)

>Also, inbound SPD/SAD entries don't contain outer IP addresses.

It is more of a symmetric representation of EP's outbound SPD entry
matching PaC's inbound SPD entry and vice-versa. In terms of policy
enforcement for each packet after decryption, i agree that
the outer address don't make sense for tunnel mode. But SPD also is 
consulted to see whether i as the receiver can negotiate keys with the
initiator or not. In that sense, the SPD's outer address makes sense.

-mohan


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From pana-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Jun  2 01:05:53 2004
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Subject: [Pana] PANA threats Issue 88
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Resolution for Issue 88.

I think the following is simple enough and should address the concern.

Modify the section 6.1 last paragraph FROM:

   The advertisement may be used to include other information like  
   supported authentication methods etc., besides the discovery of the  
   PAA itself. This can lead to a bidding down attack, as a malicious  
   node can send a spoofed advertisement with capabilities that indicate    
   less secure authentication methods than what the real PAA supports,  
   thereby fooling the PaC into negotiating a less secure authentication  
   method than what would otherwise be available. This is best avoided  
   by limiting the amount of security-critical information sent during  
   the PAA discovery process.  
     
   Requirement 1  
     
   PANA MUST not assume that the discovery process is protected. Since,  
   it is difficult to protect the discovery process, the security-  
   critical information exchanged during the discovery process SHOULD be  
   limited.

TO
    The advertisement may be used to include other information like  
   supported authentication methods etc., besides the discovery of the  
   PAA itself. This can lead to a bidding down attack, as a malicious  
   node can send a spoofed advertisement with capabilities that indicate    
   less secure authentication methods than what the real PAA supports,  
   thereby fooling the PaC into negotiating a less secure authentication  
   method than what would otherwise be available. 
     
   Requirement 1  
     
   PANA MUST not assume that the discovery process is protected.  

Also update the summary at the end.

Comments ?

-mohan



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Date: Wed, 02 Jun 2004 12:48:59 -0700
From: Alper Yegin <alper.yegin@samsung.com>
Subject: RE: [Pana] PANA threats Issue 86
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> Hi,
> 
> Following is the resolution to Issue 86:
> 
> Include a new threat in Section 6.4:
> 
> T6.4.2: PaC can leave the network without notifying the PAA or EP
>             e.g., the Ethernet cable is unplugged, system crash. An
> attacker can
>             pretend to be the PaC and start using the network.
> 
> And change FROM:
> 
>             If the link is not shared, this threat is absent as
ingress
> filtering
>             can prevent one node from impersonating as another node.
> 
> TO:
> 
>            If the link is not shared, T6.4.1 is absent as ingress
> filtering can prevent
>            one node from impersonating as another node. 

It might not be obvious why ingress filtering is relevant here. I think
what we mean is:

"If the link is not shared, T6.4.1 is absent as there can only be one
client on the link, and ingress filtering can prevent attacker's use of
the authorized IP and MAC address on another link."

Alper


> Threat T6.4.2 is
> still possible
>            as the disconnect may not be seen reliably by the network
> always.
> 
> And Change the Requirement to drop "on shared links". Also, update the
> summary
> at the end.
> 
> Comments ?
> 
> -mohan
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Pana mailing list
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Date: Wed, 02 Jun 2004 12:53:49 -0700
From: Alper Yegin <alper.yegin@samsung.com>
Subject: RE: [Pana] PANA threats Issue 88
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This looks good to me.

Alper

> 
> Resolution for Issue 88.
> 
> I think the following is simple enough and should address the concern.
> 
> Modify the section 6.1 last paragraph FROM:
> 
>    The advertisement may be used to include other information like
>    supported authentication methods etc., besides the discovery of the
>    PAA itself. This can lead to a bidding down attack, as a malicious
>    node can send a spoofed advertisement with capabilities that
indicate
>    less secure authentication methods than what the real PAA supports,
>    thereby fooling the PaC into negotiating a less secure
authentication
>    method than what would otherwise be available. This is best avoided
>    by limiting the amount of security-critical information sent during
>    the PAA discovery process.
> 
>    Requirement 1
> 
>    PANA MUST not assume that the discovery process is protected.
Since,
>    it is difficult to protect the discovery process, the security-
>    critical information exchanged during the discovery process SHOULD
be
>    limited.
> 
> TO
>     The advertisement may be used to include other information like
>    supported authentication methods etc., besides the discovery of the
>    PAA itself. This can lead to a bidding down attack, as a malicious
>    node can send a spoofed advertisement with capabilities that
indicate
>    less secure authentication methods than what the real PAA supports,
>    thereby fooling the PaC into negotiating a less secure
authentication
>    method than what would otherwise be available.
> 
>    Requirement 1
> 
>    PANA MUST not assume that the discovery process is protected.
> 
> Also update the summary at the end.
> 
> Comments ?
> 
> -mohan
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Pana mailing list
> Pana@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/pana


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Date: Thu, 03 Jun 2004 16:58:32 -0700
From: Alper Yegin <alper.yegin@samsung.com>
To: pana@ietf.org
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Subject: [Pana] Cliff Wang's contact info
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Hello,

I'm updating the PANA requirements draft. I know Cliff Wang's contact
info has changed, but I don't have the latest, and I cannot reach him.
Does anyone know how to reach him?

Thanks.

Alper



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Subject: [Pana] PANA threats Issue 89
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Hi,

Following is the clarification text for Issue 89:

Change the following text FROM:

         All the PaCs may be authenticated to the access network at  
          layer 2 (e.g., 3GPP2 CDMA network) and share a security  
          association with layer 2 authentication agent (e.g., 802.11  
          [IEEE-802.11] Access point), but still do not trust each  
          other.  

TO:

         All the PaCs may be authenticated to the access network at  
          layer 2 (e.g., 3GPP2 CDMA network) and share a security  
          association with layer 2 authentication agent (e.g., 802.11  
          [IEEE-802.11] Access point). The PaCs still don't trust each
          other i.e., any PaC can pretend to be PAA, spoof
          IP addresses and launch various other attacks.

Comments ?

-mohan
 




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To: "Alper Yegin" <alper.yegin@samsung.com>, <pana@ietf.org>
References: <006f01c448da$a7381f40$9d1d9069@sisa.samsung.com>
Subject: Re: [Pana] PANA threats Issue 86
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> > Hi,
> > 
> > Following is the resolution to Issue 86:
> > 
> > Include a new threat in Section 6.4:
> > 
> > T6.4.2: PaC can leave the network without notifying the PAA or EP
> >             e.g., the Ethernet cable is unplugged, system crash. An
> > attacker can
> >             pretend to be the PaC and start using the network.
> > 
> > And change FROM:
> > 
> >             If the link is not shared, this threat is absent as
> ingress
> > filtering
> >             can prevent one node from impersonating as another node.
> > 
> > TO:
> > 
> >            If the link is not shared, T6.4.1 is absent as ingress
> > filtering can prevent
> >            one node from impersonating as another node. 
> 
> It might not be obvious why ingress filtering is relevant here. I think
> what we mean is:
> 
> "If the link is not shared, T6.4.1 is absent as there can only be one
> client on the link, and ingress filtering can prevent attacker's use of
> the authorized IP and MAC address on another link."
> 
Ok.

-thanks
mohan

> Alper
> 
> 
> > Threat T6.4.2 is
> > still possible
> >            as the disconnect may not be seen reliably by the network
> > always.
> > 
> > And Change the Requirement to drop "on shared links". Also, update the
> > summary
> > at the end.
> > 
> > Comments ?
> > 
> > -mohan
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Pana mailing list
> > Pana@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/pana

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Date: Tue, 08 Jun 2004 14:50:41 -0700
From: Alper Yegin <alper.yegin@samsung.com>
Subject: Pasi's pana-04 comments (was RE: [Pana] Some comments about PANA
	drafts)
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Hi Pasi,

Thank you for the review and the feedback. Let me walk through your
comments on the pana-pana-04 document.

> Comments draft-ietf-pana-pana-04:
> 
> The document would probably benefit from explaining the "big
> picture" first, e.g. what PANA messages are sent in a typical
> situation (something like Section 4.6), and only then specific
> details such as contents of PANA SA, calculation of MAC AVP and
> processing of the S-flag.

Right. We should beef up Section 3. [we shall open an issue on this and
track it]

> Section 4.1.5: Key derivation seems to assume that the integrity
> protection algorithm needs at most 160 bit key (so if some new
> algorithm later needs more, also the key derivation needs to be
> updated).

N=160 is based on the selected integrity algorithm, HMAC-SHA1. If the
algorithm changes, we need to change N as well. Since an algorithm
change would require a spec change anyways, I think setting the N value
should be fine in this document. 

> Section 4.2: HMAC-SHA1 takes two parameters, not one

OK, we shall fix that [another new issue].

> 
> Section 6.3: Diameter uses SMI enterprise numbers for Vendor-Id;
> does PANA use that also, or does it define its own number space?

Yes. We shall spell this out in the document [a new issue].

> Section 6.5.5 (Protection-Capability): Is it assumed that only a
> single L2 mechanism can exist? Or that if multiple L2 mechanisms
> are possible, the correct one can be determined from some L2
> messages?

The latter. It is assumed that a shared key is sufficient to bootstrap
L2 ciphering. 

> Section 6.5.13 (Provider-Identifier): What the client is
> supposed to do with this information? 

This is used for ISP discovery and selection. And also separating ISP
authentication from NAP authentication, when needed. These are discussed
in Section 4.2 Discovery and Initial Handshake Phase

> (And usually the
> enterprise numbers are used to identify vendors, not network
> operators--but of course a network operator could get an
> enterprise number as well...)

Hmmmm, we should verify that.....

> 
> Section 7: The retransmission behavior seems quite complicated;
> IMHO it would have been simpler to have one end (probably PaC)
> to be responsible for all timer-based retransmissions.

OK, let us look into this.

> 
> Section 9: Overall, this section is quite heavy reading, and
> it's not clear that someone not very familiar with PANA, EAP,
> etc. can actually get a very accurate picture of the relevant
> security properties of PANA. So this section would certainly
> benefit from some editorial work.

I agree [hence, a new issue for the tracker].

> 
> Part a (discovery message exchange) should probably explain that
> if including Protection-Capability and PPAC AVPs in PSR is not
> recommended, why are they allowed at all (especially since it
> seems the client won't actually need the information until PBR
> anyway).

The recommendation is for networks that are susceptible to spoofing.
Other types (e.g., physically secured networks) can use them.

> This section should also mention that any information in PANA
> messages before PBR/PBA (such as ISP-Information) can be
> spoofed, and the implications of that. 

OK.

>(BTW, perhaps it would
> have been a good idea to integrity protect all previous PANA
> messages in PBR/PBA.)

Hmmm, sounds a little too heavy weight. Is this a generally recommended
behavior for EAP lower layers?

> 
> It should be clarified what exactly is meant when it's said that
> a network is already "secure" before PANA is run. E.g. it seems
> that such networks should have reasonably reliable disconnect
> indications? What about ppreventing IP address spoofing?

Yes, we should briefly expand that. Spoofing and eavesdropping should be
prevented. Disconnect indication is needed unless the lower-layer
security is based on a crypto scheme. IP address spoofing is not needed.
[a new issue for the tracker].

> 
> References: Some of the normative references should probably be
> informative (e.g. EAP-TLS).

OK. [issue tracker]

Thank you.

Alper



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Subject: [Pana] PANA threats Issue 87
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Here is the resolution for Issue 87:

Change FROM:

It might be possible for the EP to filter out the  
packets coming from PaC that resembles PAA packets and hence this  
threat can be prevented in such environments.

TO:

In deployments where EP can police the data packets that are sent among
the PaCs, it is possible to filter out the unauthorized PANA packets
(e.g., PAA advertisements sent by a PaC) and prevent this threat.

Comments ?

-mohan



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Date: Tue, 08 Jun 2004 18:38:23 -0700
From: Alper Yegin <alper.yegin@samsung.com>
Subject: RE: [Pana] PANA threats Issue 89
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> TO:
> 
>          All the PaCs may be authenticated to the access network at
>           layer 2 (e.g., 3GPP2 CDMA network) and share a security
>           association with layer 2 authentication agent (e.g., 802.11
>           [IEEE-802.11] Access point). The PaCs still don't trust each
>           other i.e., any PaC can pretend to be PAA, spoof
>           IP addresses and launch various other attacks.

I think we should align the examples in the text, such as "(e.g., 3GPP2
cdma2000 network)" and "(e.g., base transceiver subsystem - BTS)".

Alper




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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [Pana] FW: AD Review comments on
	draft-ietf-pana-usage-scenarios-06.txt
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Correction to my comment.  My comment was based on some old version of
MACsec document.  After checking the latest MACsec document, it
appears that MACsec is not designed to work across IEEE 802 bridges.

Yoshihiro Ohba


On Sun, May 23, 2004 at 04:06:46PM -0700, Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:
> On Fri, May 21, 2004 at 03:05:59PM -0700, Alper Yegin wrote:
> > 
> > Aside from the IEEE 802 and PPPoE context, there is also PPP over ATM,
> > and PPP over cdma2000 networks. 
> > 
> > Btw, even in IEEE 802-based DSL networks, using 802.1X would have issues
> > if it has to go through bridges (e.g., CPE modem, DSLAM).
> 
> Just to be fair, there is ongoing work, i.e., 802.1AE (MACsec) and
> 802.1AF (KeySec), in IEEE 802.1 Working Group to develop an
> architecture and protocols in order to provide link-layer security
> that work across IEEE 802 bridges (i.e., MACsec).  However,
> considering maturity level of the work, I think PANA has more reality
> in DSL environment (or PANA may be used even for bootstrapping MACsec
> and KeySec in a future.)
> 
> Yoshihiro Ohba
> 
> 
> > 
> > Alper
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Pana mailing list
> > Pana@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/pana
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Pana mailing list
> Pana@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/pana

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From pana-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Jun  9 20:53:52 2004
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From: "Mohan Parthasarathy" <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
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Subject: Re: [Pana] PANA threats Issue 86
Date: Wed, 9 Jun 2004 17:40:21 -0700
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 > > > 
> > > Following is the resolution to Issue 86:
> > > 
> > > Include a new threat in Section 6.4:
> > > 
> > > T6.4.2: PaC can leave the network without notifying the PAA or EP
> > >             e.g., the Ethernet cable is unplugged, system crash. An
> > > attacker can
> > >             pretend to be the PaC and start using the network.
> > > 
> > > And change FROM:
> > > 
> > >             If the link is not shared, this threat is absent as
> > ingress
> > > filtering
> > >             can prevent one node from impersonating as another node.
> > > 
> > > TO:
> > > 
> > >            If the link is not shared, T6.4.1 is absent as ingress
> > > filtering can prevent
> > >            one node from impersonating as another node. 
> > 
> > It might not be obvious why ingress filtering is relevant here. I think
> > what we mean is:
> > 
> > "If the link is not shared, T6.4.1 is absent as there can only be one
> > client on the link, and ingress filtering can prevent attacker's use of
> > the authorized IP and MAC address on another link."
> > 
> Ok.
> 
After re-reading the section again, there seems to be some more distinction between
shared and non-shared links. 

Following paragraph can safely be dropped:

   PANA MUST be able to prevent service theft. In some cases e.g. non- 
   shared links, it is sufficient to provide access control information  
   like IP address, MAC address, etc., to EP, which in turn can prevent  
   unauthorized users from gaining access to the network by policing the  
   packets for matching addresses. In the case of shared links, this  
   information is not sufficient to prevent service theft. PANA MUST be  
   able to bootstrap a shared secret between the PaC and PAA which can  
   be further used to setup a security association (e.g., IPsec) between  
   PaC and EP to prevent service theft on shared links.  

Final version of section 6.4:


6.4 Service theft  
     
   An attacker can gain unauthorized access into the network by stealing  
   the service from another client. Once the PaC is successfully  
   authenticated, EP will have filters in place to prevent unauthorized  
   access into the network. The filters will be based on something that  
   will be carried on every packet. For example, the filter could be  
   based on IP and MAC address where the packets will be dropped unless  
   the packets coming with certain IP address match the MAC address  
   also. Following are the possible threats.  
     
   T6.4.1: Attacker can spoof both the IP and MAC address of an  
   authorized client to gain unauthorized access. Attacker can launch  
   this attack easily by just sniffing the wire for IP and MAC address.  
   This lets the attacker use the network without any authorization,  
   getting a free service.  

   T6.4.2: PaC can leave the network without notifying the PAA or EP
   e.g., the Ethernet cable is unplugged, system crash. An
   attacker can pretend to be the PaC and start using the network.

  If the link is not shared, T6.4.1 is absent as there can only be one
  client on the link, and ingress filtering can prevent attacker's use of
  the authorized IP and MAC address on another link."
     
   If the link is shared, both the threats are present. If layer 2 provides  
   per-packet protection using pair-wise keys,  both the threats can be
   prevented.
          
   Requirement 7  
     
   PANA MUST securely bind the authenticated session to the device  
   identifier of the client, to prevent service theft. PANA MUST be able  
   to bootstrap a shared secret between the PaC and PAA which can be  
   further used to setup a security association between PaC and EP to  
   provide cryptographic protection against service theft.


Comments ?

-mohan







> -thanks
> mohan
> 
> > Alper
> > 
> > 
> > > Threat T6.4.2 is
> > > still possible
> > >            as the disconnect may not be seen reliably by the network
> > > always.
> > > 
> > > And Change the Requirement to drop "on shared links". Also, update the
> > > summary
> > > at the end.
> > > 
> > > Comments ?
> > > 
> > > -mohan
> > > 
> > > 
> > > 
> > > _______________________________________________
> > > Pana mailing list
> > > Pana@ietf.org
> > > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/pana
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Pana mailing list
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From: Alper Yegin <alper.yegin@samsung.com>
Subject: RE: [Pana] PANA threats Issue 86
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Looks good to me.

> 
>   If the link is not shared, T6.4.1 is absent as there can only be one
>   client on the link, and ingress filtering can prevent attacker's use
of
>   the authorized IP and MAC address on another link."

Editorial: there is an extra " at the end of the paragraph.

Alper



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To: pana@ietf.org
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Subject: [Pana] Updated requirements draft
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Hello,

http://yegin.org/ietf/draft-ietf-pana-requirements-08.txt

This version reflects Thomas Narten's comments, and also has an updated
Appendix that covers the problem statement and usage scenarios. This
appendix is a replacement for the separate problem statement and usage
scenarios draft.

Comments on the appendix is welcome. The plan is to submit this to IETF
editor on Monday in order to get in the next IESG call.

Alper



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From pana-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Jun 11 19:25:19 2004
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From: "Mohan Parthasarathy" <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
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Subject: [Pana] PANA threats Issue 90
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Here is the resolution.

Change 

T6.5.2: PaC acquires IP address before PANA authentication begins  
   using methods like e.g., DHCP in IPv4 and auto-configuration in IPv6  
   [PANAREQ]. If IP addresses are assigned before authentication, it  
   opens up the possibility of DoS attack where malicious nodes can  
   deplete the IP addresses by assigning multiple IP addresses. If  
   stateless auto-configuration [ADDRCONF] is used, the attacker can  
   respond to duplicate address detection probes sent by any node on the    
   network effectively not allowing the node to configure a link local  
   address. If stateful mechanism is used in IPv6 e.g., DHCPv6, then  
   this attack is still possible. Address depletion attack is not  
   specific to PANA, but a known attack in DHCP [DHCP-AUTH]. If PANA  
   assumes that the client has an IP address already, it opens up the  
   network to the DoS attack.  

TO:

  T6.5.2: PaC acquires an IP address by using stateful or stateless
   mechanisms before PANA authentication begins [PANAREQ]. 
   When the IP addresses are assigned before the client authentication, it  
   opens up the possibility of DoS attacks where unauthenticated 
   malicious nodes can deplete the IP address space by acquiring multiple IP
   addresses, or denying allocation to others by responding to every 
   duplicate address detection (DAD) query.

   Depleting a /64 IPv6 link-local address space or a /8 RFC1918 private
   address space requires a brute-force attack. Such an attack is part of a
   DoS class that can equally target the link capacity or the CPU cycles on 
   the target system by bombarding arbitrary packets. Therefore solely 
   handling the IP address depletion attack is not going to improve the
   security as a more general solution is needed to tackle 
   the whole class of brute-force attacks.

   The DAD attack can be prevented by deploying secure address resolution
   that does not depend on the client authentication, such as [SEND]. The attack
   may also be prevented if the EP is placed in between the PaCs to monitor
   the ND/ARP activity and detect DAD attacks (excessive NA/ARP replies).
   If none of these solutions are applicable to a deployment, the PaCs can send
   arbitrary packets to each other without going through the EP which enables a
   class of attacks that are based on  interfering with the PANA messaging
   (See T6.1.1). Since there will always be an unhandled threat in this class
   (e.g., insecure discovery), addressing DAD attack is not going to  improve the
   overall security.

Comments ?

-mohan


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Date: Fri, 11 Jun 2004 18:20:15 -0700
From: Alper Yegin <alper.yegin@samsung.com>
Subject: RE: [Pana] PANA threats Issue 90
In-reply-to: <013f01c4500a$17d05200$861167c0@adithya>
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Looks good to me.

Alper


> -----Original Message-----
> From: pana-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:pana-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
Of
> Mohan Parthasarathy
> Sent: Friday, June 11, 2004 4:16 PM
> To: pana@ietf.org
> Subject: [Pana] PANA threats Issue 90
> 
> Here is the resolution.
> 
> Change
> 
> T6.5.2: PaC acquires IP address before PANA authentication begins
>    using methods like e.g., DHCP in IPv4 and auto-configuration in
IPv6
>    [PANAREQ]. If IP addresses are assigned before authentication, it
>    opens up the possibility of DoS attack where malicious nodes can
>    deplete the IP addresses by assigning multiple IP addresses. If
>    stateless auto-configuration [ADDRCONF] is used, the attacker can
>    respond to duplicate address detection probes sent by any node on
the
>    network effectively not allowing the node to configure a link local
>    address. If stateful mechanism is used in IPv6 e.g., DHCPv6, then
>    this attack is still possible. Address depletion attack is not
>    specific to PANA, but a known attack in DHCP [DHCP-AUTH]. If PANA
>    assumes that the client has an IP address already, it opens up the
>    network to the DoS attack.
> 
> TO:
> 
>   T6.5.2: PaC acquires an IP address by using stateful or stateless
>    mechanisms before PANA authentication begins [PANAREQ].
>    When the IP addresses are assigned before the client
authentication, it
>    opens up the possibility of DoS attacks where unauthenticated
>    malicious nodes can deplete the IP address space by acquiring
multiple
> IP
>    addresses, or denying allocation to others by responding to every
>    duplicate address detection (DAD) query.
> 
>    Depleting a /64 IPv6 link-local address space or a /8 RFC1918
private
>    address space requires a brute-force attack. Such an attack is part
of
> a
>    DoS class that can equally target the link capacity or the CPU
cycles
> on
>    the target system by bombarding arbitrary packets. Therefore solely
>    handling the IP address depletion attack is not going to improve
the
>    security as a more general solution is needed to tackle
>    the whole class of brute-force attacks.
> 
>    The DAD attack can be prevented by deploying secure address
resolution
>    that does not depend on the client authentication, such as [SEND].
The
> attack
>    may also be prevented if the EP is placed in between the PaCs to
> monitor
>    the ND/ARP activity and detect DAD attacks (excessive NA/ARP
replies).
>    If none of these solutions are applicable to a deployment, the PaCs
can
> send
>    arbitrary packets to each other without going through the EP which
> enables a
>    class of attacks that are based on  interfering with the PANA
messaging
>    (See T6.1.1). Since there will always be an unhandled threat in
this
> class
>    (e.g., insecure discovery), addressing DAD attack is not going to
> improve the
>    overall security.
> 
> Comments ?
> 
> -mohan
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Pana mailing list
> Pana@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/pana


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is available at http://www.toshiba.com/tari/pana/pana-spec.html.

Changes: Added text for Issue 85.

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is available at http://www.toshiba.com/tari/pana/pana-spec.html.

Changes: updated IEEE 802.11i/WPA bootstrap section 

 - a unified operation for both seperated and co-located PAA and AP
   cases.

 - updated description on 4-way handshake based on Pasi's comment.

Regards,

Yoshihiro Ohba

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>From Pasi Eronen:
> Section 7: The retransmission behavior seems quite complicated;
> IMHO it would have been simpler to have one end (probably PaC)
> to be responsible for all timer-based retransmissions.

I think it is difficult to change the retransmission behavior as
suggested for the following reasons:

- PANA is designed that EAP-based (re-)authentication are initiated
from either side, which means that a message used for initiating
EAP-based (re-)authentication from PAA (i.e., PANA-Start-Request for
initial EAP-based authentication and PANA-Auth-Request for EAP-based
re-authentication) would need to be retransmitted from PAA anyway.

- There are some other PANA messages that are allowed from either side 
(i.e., PANA-Terminate-Request and PANA-Reauth-Request).

- Since rfc2284bis prohibits an EAP-Response to be retransmitted based
on a timer, a PANA message that carries an EAP-Response is not allowed
to be retrasmitted from PaC based on a timer.


Yoshihiro Ohba

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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [Pana] Some comments about PANA drafts
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On Tue, Jun 01, 2004 at 12:47:17PM -0700, Mohan Parthasarathy wrote:
> Pasi,
> 
> Thanks for your comments. I will address the IPsec issue here :
> 
> >Comments about draft-ietf-pana-ipsec-03:
> >
> >Section 5: What happens if there were two EAP authentications,
> >resulting in two AAA-Keys?
> 
> Do you know what happens in 802.11i  for this case ? We can follow
> the same here.

In IEEE 802.11i there is no case that derives two AAA-Keys, so PANA
has to define its own solution.

It might be better to introduce some key derivation key (e.g.,
PANA_KD_KEY) in PANA specification draft so that each protocol that is
bootstrapped from PANA (e.g., IPsec and IEEE 802.11i PSK mode) does
not need to consider the double AAA-Key case.  Instead, it should be
the PANA_KD_KEY derivation algorithm that takes the double AAA-Key
case into account.

Yoshihiro Ohba




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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: Pasi's pana-04 comments (was RE: [Pana] Some comments about PANA
	drafts)
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On Tue, Jun 08, 2004 at 02:50:41PM -0700, Alper Yegin wrote:
> Hi Pasi,
> 
> Thank you for the review and the feedback. Let me walk through your
> comments on the pana-pana-04 document.
> 
> > Comments draft-ietf-pana-pana-04:
> > 
> > The document would probably benefit from explaining the "big
> > picture" first, e.g. what PANA messages are sent in a typical
> > situation (something like Section 4.6), and only then specific
> > details such as contents of PANA SA, calculation of MAC AVP and
> > processing of the S-flag.
> 
> Right. We should beef up Section 3. [we shall open an issue on this and
> track it]
> 
> > Section 4.1.5: Key derivation seems to assume that the integrity
> > protection algorithm needs at most 160 bit key (so if some new
> > algorithm later needs more, also the key derivation needs to be
> > updated).
> 
> N=160 is based on the selected integrity algorithm, HMAC-SHA1. If the
> algorithm changes, we need to change N as well. Since an algorithm
> change would require a spec change anyways, I think setting the N value
> should be fine in this document. 
> 
> > Section 4.2: HMAC-SHA1 takes two parameters, not one
> 
> OK, we shall fix that [another new issue].
> 

Fixed.  (it will appear in -05b snapshot)

> > 
> > Section 6.3: Diameter uses SMI enterprise numbers for Vendor-Id;
> > does PANA use that also, or does it define its own number space?
> 
> Yes. We shall spell this out in the document [a new issue].

I think PANA should use SMI enterprise numbers for Vendor-Id as
Diameter does.

How about changing:

"
   Vendor-Id

      The Vendor-Id field is present if the 'V' bit is set in the AVP
      Flags field.  The optional four-octet Vendor-Id field contains the
      uniquely assigned id value, encoded in network byte order.  Any
      vendor wishing to implement a vendor-specific PANA AVP MUST use
      their own Vendor-Id along with their privately managed AVP address
      space, guaranteeing that they will not collide with any other
      vendor's vendor-specific AVP(s), nor with future IETF
      applications.
"

to:

"
   Vendor-Id

      The Vendor-Id field is present if the 'V' bit is set in the AVP
      Flags field.  The optional four-octet Vendor-Id field contains the
      IANA assigned "SMI Network Management Private Enterprise Codes"
      [ianaweb] value, encoded in network byte order.  Any
      vendor wishing to implement a vendor-specific PANA AVP MUST use
      their own Vendor-Id along with their privately managed AVP
      address space, guaranteeing that they will not collide with any
      other vendor's vendor-specific AVP(s), nor with future IETF
      applications.
"

> 
> > Section 6.5.5 (Protection-Capability): Is it assumed that only a
> > single L2 mechanism can exist? Or that if multiple L2 mechanisms
> > are possible, the correct one can be determined from some L2
> > messages?
> 
> The latter. It is assumed that a shared key is sufficient to bootstrap
> L2 ciphering. 

Should a specific text be added to the PANA document on this?

> 
> > Section 6.5.13 (Provider-Identifier): What the client is
> > supposed to do with this information? 
> 
> This is used for ISP discovery and selection. And also separating ISP
> authentication from NAP authentication, when needed. These are discussed
> in Section 4.2 Discovery and Initial Handshake Phase
> 
> > (And usually the
> > enterprise numbers are used to identify vendors, not network
> > operators--but of course a network operator could get an
> > enterprise number as well...)
> 
> Hmmmm, we should verify that.....
> 
> > 
> > Section 7: The retransmission behavior seems quite complicated;
> > IMHO it would have been simpler to have one end (probably PaC)
> > to be responsible for all timer-based retransmissions.
> 
> OK, let us look into this.

Please see my other email on this.

> 
> > 
> > Section 9: Overall, this section is quite heavy reading, and
> > it's not clear that someone not very familiar with PANA, EAP,
> > etc. can actually get a very accurate picture of the relevant
> > security properties of PANA. So this section would certainly
> > benefit from some editorial work.
> 
> I agree [hence, a new issue for the tracker].
> 
> > 
> > Part a (discovery message exchange) should probably explain that
> > if including Protection-Capability and PPAC AVPs in PSR is not
> > recommended, why are they allowed at all (especially since it
> > seems the client won't actually need the information until PBR
> > anyway).
> 
> The recommendation is for networks that are susceptible to spoofing.
> Other types (e.g., physically secured networks) can use them.
> 
> > This section should also mention that any information in PANA
> > messages before PBR/PBA (such as ISP-Information) can be
> > spoofed, and the implications of that. 
> 
> OK.
> 
> >(BTW, perhaps it would
> > have been a good idea to integrity protect all previous PANA
> > messages in PBR/PBA.)
> 
> Hmmm, sounds a little too heavy weight. Is this a generally recommended
> behavior for EAP lower layers?

No, not recommended.  I think it would be difficult for any protocol
that do not run on top of reliable transport to exactly maintain a
consistent view of all previous messages (including sequence numbers)
that were actually received by the peering entities.


> 
> > 
> > It should be clarified what exactly is meant when it's said that
> > a network is already "secure" before PANA is run. E.g. it seems
> > that such networks should have reasonably reliable disconnect
> > indications? What about ppreventing IP address spoofing?
> 
> Yes, we should briefly expand that. Spoofing and eavesdropping should be
> prevented. Disconnect indication is needed unless the lower-layer
> security is based on a crypto scheme. IP address spoofing is not needed.
> [a new issue for the tracker].
> 
> > 
> > References: Some of the normative references should probably be
> > informative (e.g. EAP-TLS).
> 
> OK. [issue tracker]

Fixed.  (it will appear in -05b snapshot) Any other references that
should be marked as informative?

Yoshihiro Ohba


> 
> Thank you.
> 
> Alper
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> On Tue, Jun 01, 2004 at 12:47:17PM -0700, Mohan Parthasarathy wrote:
> > Pasi,
> > 
> > Thanks for your comments. I will address the IPsec issue here :
> > 
> > >Comments about draft-ietf-pana-ipsec-03:
> > >
> > >Section 5: What happens if there were two EAP authentications,
> > >resulting in two AAA-Keys?
> > 
> > Do you know what happens in 802.11i  for this case ? We can follow
> > the same here.
> 
> In IEEE 802.11i there is no case that derives two AAA-Keys, so PANA
> has to define its own solution.
> 
Oh! the question was about NAP and ISP authentication ? I mis-understood
the question..

> It might be better to introduce some key derivation key (e.g.,
> PANA_KD_KEY) in PANA specification draft so that each protocol that is
> bootstrapped from PANA (e.g., IPsec and IEEE 802.11i PSK mode) does
> not need to consider the double AAA-Key case.  Instead, it should be
> the PANA_KD_KEY derivation algorithm that takes the double AAA-Key
> case into account.
> 
This makes sense. How is the key derived for PANA SA today when there
are two authentications ? Something similar should work here.

-mohan

> Yoshihiro Ohba
> 
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Pana mailing list
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Protocol for carrying Authentication for Network Access Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Protocol for Carrying Authentication and Network Access 
			  Threat Analysis and Security Requirements
	Author(s)	: M. Parthasarathy
	Filename	: draft-ietf-pana-threats-eval-05.txt
	Pages		: 17
	Date		: 2004-6-15
	
The PANA (Protocol for carrying authentication for Network Access)  
working group is developing methods for authenticating clients to the  
access network using IP based protocols. This document discusses the  
threats to such protocols. The security requirements arising out of  
these threats will be used as additional input to the PANA WG for  
designing the IP based network access authentication protocol.

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Protocol for carrying Authentication for Network Access Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Protocol for Carrying Authentication for Network Access (PANA)
			  Requirements
	Author(s)	: A. Yegin, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-pana-requirements-08.txt
	Pages		: 24
	Date		: 2004-6-15
	
It is expected that future IP devices will have a variety of access 
technologies to gain network connectivity. Currently there are 
access-specific mechanisms for providing client information to the 
network for authentication and authorization purposes. In addition 
to being limited to specific access media (e.g., 802.1X for IEEE 802 
links), some of these protocols are limited to specific network 
topologies (e.g., PPP for point-to-point links). The goal of this 
document is to identify the requirements for a link-layer agnostic 
protocol that allows a host and a network to authenticate each other 
for network access. This protocol will run between a client's device 
and an agent in the network where the agent might be a client of the 
AAA infrastructure.

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The charter of the Protocol for carrying Authentication for Network Access (pana) 
working group in the Internet Area of the IETF has been updated. For additional 
information, please contact the Area Directors or the working group Chairs.

Protocol for carrying Authentication for Network Access (pana)
==============================================================

Current Status: Active Working Group

Chair(s):
Basavaraj Patil <basavaraj.patil@nokia.com>
Alper Yegin <alper.yegin@samsung.com>

Internet Area Director(s):
Thomas Narten <narten@us.ibm.com>
Margaret Wasserman <margaret@thingmagic.com>

Internet Area Advisor:
Thomas Narten <narten@us.ibm.com>

Mailing Lists:
General Discussion: pana@ietf.org
To Subscribe: https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/pana
In Body: (un)subscribe
Archive: http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/pana/index.html

Description of Working Group:
In some scenarios, an IP-based device is required to authenticate
itself to the network prior to being authorized to use it. This
authentication usually requires a protocol that can support various
authentication methods, dynamic service provider selection, and
roaming clients. In the absence of such an authentication protocol on
most of the link-layers, architectures have resorted to filling the gap
by using a number of inadequate methods. For example, inserting an
additional layer between link-layer and network-layer mostly for client
authentication purpose (e.g., PPPoE), overloading another network-layer
protocol to achieve this goal (e.g., Mobile IPv4 with Registration-
required flag), and even defining application-layer ad-hoc
authentication mechanisms (e.g., http redirects with web-based login).
In these and other cases, a network-layer authentication protocol may
provide a cleaner solution to the authentication problem.

The goal of PANA is to define a protocol that allows clients to
authenticate themselves to the access network using IP protocols. Such
a protocol would allow a client to interact with a site's back-end AAA
infrastructure to gain access without needing to understand the
particular AAA infrastructure protocols that are in use at the
site. It would also allow such interactions to take place without a
link-layer specific mechanism. PANA would be applicable to both
multi-access and point-to-point links. It would provide support for
various authentication methods, dynamic service provider selection,
and roaming clients.

Mobile IPv4 developed its own protocols for performing PANA-like
functions (e.g., MN-FA interaction). Mobile IPv6 does not have the
equivalent of a Foreign Agent (FA) that would allow the access/visited
network to authenticate the MN before allowing access. The PANA
authentication agent (PAA) can perform the authentication function
attributed to the FA in Mobile IPv4, in Mobile IPv6 networks.

The WG will work with the assumption that a PANA client (PaC) is
already configured with an IP address before using PANA. This IP address
will provide limited reachability to the PaC until it is authenticated
with the PAA. Upon successful authentication, PaC is granted broader
network access possibly by either a new IP address assignment, or by
enforcement points changing filtering rules for the same IP address.

PANA will neither define any new authentication protocol nor define key
distribution, key agreement or key derivation protocols. It is believed
that PANA will be able to meet its goals if it is able to carry EAP
payloads. Note, however, that EAP may need to be extended in order for
PANA to meet the need for all of its intended usages. Such extensions
are outside the scope of the PANA WG.

PANA will develop an IP-based protocol that allows a device to
authenticate itself with the network (and to a PAA in particular) in
order to be granted network access. For simplicity, it is assumed that
the PAA is attached to the same link as the device (i.e., no
intermediary IP routers). The PAA itself may interface with other AAA
backend infrastructures for authenticating and authorizing the service
being requested by the host, but such interactions are transparent to
the PaC.

Network access authentication enables the client to be authorized for
packet data service. However it is possible that the underlying link
itself is insecure, i.e the packets being sent to and received on the
link between the client (PaC) and the 1st hop access router (EP) in the
network are not protected by any physical or cryptographic
means. In such cases, PANA will enable the establishment of an IPsec
SA between the client and the 1st hop access router to secure the
packets on the link. In networks that have physical security or
ciphering as a link-layer feature, no such SA is required. Hence the
establishment of the IPsec SA is optional. The WG will deliver a
document that explains how such an IPsec SA is established by using
IKE after successful PANA authentication. No enhancements to either
IKE or IPsec are expected.

The PAA does not necessarily act as an enforcement point (EP) to
prevent unauthorized access or usage of the network. When a PaC
succesfully authenticates itself to the PAA, EP(s) (e.g., access
routers) will need to be suitably notified. SNMP will be used
by the PAA to deliver the authorization information to one or
more EPs when the PAA is separated from EPs. The WG will document
the solution based on SNMP for carrying the authorization information
between the PAA and the EP.

The WG will also propose a solution of how the PaC discovers
the IP address of PAA for sending the authentication request.

The PANA WG will deliver

- A mechanism for the PAC to discover the PAA on the link.

- The PANA protocol itself, capable of carrying multiple authentication
methods (e.g. using EAP)

- A document that describes how SNMP is used to deliver authorization
information from the PAA to the EP in the scenarios where the PAA
and EP are separated.

- A document that explains the establishment of an IPsec SA between
the client and the 1st hop access router subsequent to
authentication for securing the data packets on the link.

Goals and Milestones:
Done    Submit usage scenarios and applicability statement to the IESG  
Done    Submit security threat analysis to the IESG  
Done    Submit protocol requirements to the IESG  
Aug 04    Submit PANA framework to the IESG  
Aug 04    Submit PANA protocol specification to the IESG  
Aug 04    Submit IPsec-based access control to the IESG  
Aug 04    Submit SNMP-based PAA-to-EP protocol specification to the IESG  
Dec 04    Submit MIB for PANA to the IESG  




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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [Pana] Some comments about PANA drafts
In-reply-to: <003701c45303$c1653820$861167c0@adithya>
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On Tue, Jun 15, 2004 at 11:08:26AM -0700, Mohan Parthasarathy wrote:
> > It might be better to introduce some key derivation key (e.g.,
> > PANA_KD_KEY) in PANA specification draft so that each protocol that is
> > bootstrapped from PANA (e.g., IPsec and IEEE 802.11i PSK mode) does
> > not need to consider the double AAA-Key case.  Instead, it should be
> > the PANA_KD_KEY derivation algorithm that takes the double AAA-Key
> > case into account.
> > 
> This makes sense. How is the key derived for PANA SA today when there
> are two authentications ? Something similar should work here.

PANA_MAC_KEY, which is used for PANA SA, is derived in the following
way:

In case of single AAA-Key:

      PANA_MAC_KEY = The first N bits of
                     HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key, ISN_pac | ISN_paa | Session-ID)

In case of double AAA-Key:

      PANA_MAC_KEY = The first N bits of
                     HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key1 | AAA-Key2, ISN_pac | ISN_paa |
                               Session-ID)

We could modify the algorithm to derive both PANA_MAC_KEY and PANA_KD_KEY
as follows:

In case of single AAA-Key:

      {PANA_MAC_KEY | PANA_KD_KEY} = 
                      The first N+M bits of
                      HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key, ISN_pac | ISN_paa | Session-ID)

In case of double AAA-Key:

      {PANA_MAC_KEY | PANA_KD_KEY} = 
                      The first N+M bits of
                      HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key1 | AAA-Key2, ISN_pac | ISN_paa |
                                Session-ID)

PANA_MAC_KEY have a length of N bits.
PANA_KD_KEY have a length of M bits.

N depends on the integrity protection algorithm in use for PANA MAC AVP.
M is 512 (equal to the typical length of AAA-KEY or EAP MSK).

Yoshihiro Ohba

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From pana-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Jun 17 07:01:38 2004
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From: Julien Bournelle <Julien.Bournelle@int-evry.fr>
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Subject: [Pana] problem in the Mobility Handling section
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Hi all,

 in the Mobility Handling section, it is written than the MAC AVP in the
PBR/PBA exchange uses the new PANA_MAC_Key.

 This new PANA_MAC_Key is computed using the AAA-Key new.
 The AAA-KEy-new is computed using PAA_Nonce and PaC_nonce (and others).

 The problem is that PAA_nonce and PaC_nonce are carried in the PBR/PBA
exchange.

 To solve it, we could introduce an intermediary PANA Key just used to
sign the PBR/PBA exchange.

regards,
 
-- 
julien.bournelle@int-evry.fr

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Subject: [Pana] I-D ACTION:draft-ietf-pana-threats-eval-06.txt
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Protocol for carrying Authentication for Network Access Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Protocol for Carrying Authentication and Network 
			  Access Threat Analysis and Security Requirements
	Author(s)	: M. Parthasarathy
	Filename	: draft-ietf-pana-threats-eval-06.txt
	Pages		: 17
	Date		: 2004-6-17
	
The PANA (Protocol for carrying authentication for Network Access)  
working group is developing methods for authenticating clients to the  
access network using IP based protocols. This document discusses the  
threats to such protocols. The security requirements arising out of  
these threats will be used as additional input to the PANA WG for  
designing the IP based network access authentication protocol.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-pana-threats-eval-06.txt

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Subject: RE: [Pana] Some comments about PANA drafts
Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2004 12:21:10 +0300
Message-ID: <052E0C61B69C3741AFA5FE88ACC775A60227C109@esebe023.ntc.nokia.com>
Thread-Topic: [Pana] Some comments about PANA drafts
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Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:
>
> We could modify the algorithm to derive both PANA_MAC_KEY and=20
> PANA_KD_KEY as follows:
>=20
> In case of single AAA-Key:
>=20
>       {PANA_MAC_KEY | PANA_KD_KEY} =3D=20
>                       The first N+M bits of
>                       HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key, ISN_pac | ISN_paa |=20
>                                 Session-ID)
>=20
> In case of double AAA-Key:
>=20
>       {PANA_MAC_KEY | PANA_KD_KEY} =3D=20
>                       The first N+M bits of
>                       HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key1 | AAA-Key2, ISN_pac |
>                                 ISN_paa | Session-ID)
>=20
> PANA_MAC_KEY have a length of N bits.
> PANA_KD_KEY have a length of M bits.
>=20
> N depends on the integrity protection algorithm in use for=20
> PANA MAC AVP. M is 512 (equal to the typical length of=20
> AAA-KEY or EAP MSK).

Looks like a reasonable approach to me. But note that HMAC-SHA1=20
output is only 160 bits, so something more is needed to
generate enough bits (maybe PANA could borrow e.g. the "prf+"=20
construct from IKEv2).

Best regards,
Pasi

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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [Pana] Some comments about PANA drafts
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Hi Pasi,

On Tue, Jun 22, 2004 at 12:21:10PM +0300, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> 
> Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:
> >
> > We could modify the algorithm to derive both PANA_MAC_KEY and 
> > PANA_KD_KEY as follows:
> > 
> > In case of single AAA-Key:
> > 
> >       {PANA_MAC_KEY | PANA_KD_KEY} = 
> >                       The first N+M bits of
> >                       HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key, ISN_pac | ISN_paa | 
> >                                 Session-ID)
> > 
> > In case of double AAA-Key:
> > 
> >       {PANA_MAC_KEY | PANA_KD_KEY} = 
> >                       The first N+M bits of
> >                       HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key1 | AAA-Key2, ISN_pac |
> >                                 ISN_paa | Session-ID)
> > 
> > PANA_MAC_KEY have a length of N bits.
> > PANA_KD_KEY have a length of M bits.
> > 
> > N depends on the integrity protection algorithm in use for 
> > PANA MAC AVP. M is 512 (equal to the typical length of 
> > AAA-KEY or EAP MSK).
> 
> Looks like a reasonable approach to me. But note that HMAC-SHA1 
> output is only 160 bits, so something more is needed to
> generate enough bits (maybe PANA could borrow e.g. the "prf+" 
> construct from IKEv2).

Yes, I received the same comment personally from Mohan, and borrowing
prf+ from IKEv2 seems to be a good solution.  I will post updated text
in a separate email.

Thanks!

Yoshihiro Ohba


> 
> Best regards,
> Pasi
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Pana mailing list
> Pana@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/pana

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Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2004 08:39:53 -0700
From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
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Subject: [Pana] PANA key derivation key
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To reflect Pasi's comment on how to deal with two AAA-Keys in
pana-ipsec draft and resulting discussions, here is a proposed text 
for PANA specification draft to define PANA_KD_Key.

In section 4.1.5 of draft-ietf-pana-pana-04.txt,

change:

"
      *  PANA SA attributes:

         +  AAA-Key

         +  AAA-Key Identifier

         +  PANA_MAC_Key

   The PANA_MAC_Key is used to integrity protect PANA messages.  When
   the PANA_MAC_Key is derived from a single AAA-Key, it is computed in
   the following way:


      PANA_MAC_KEY = The first N bits of
                     HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key, ISN_pac | ISN_paa | Session-ID)

   where the value of N depends on the integrity protection algorithm in
   use, i.e., N=160 for HMAC-SHA1.

   When the PANA_MAC_Key is derived from two AAA-Keys, it is computed in
   the following way:

      PANA_MAC_KEY = The first N bits of
                     HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key1 | AAA-Key2, ISN_pac | ISN_paa |
                               Session-ID)

   where AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2 are AAA-Keys for the first and second EAP
   authentication in a single PANA authentication phase, respectively.

   The length of AAA-Key, AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2 MUST be N bits or
   longer.  See Section 4.1.6 for the detailed usage of the
   PANA_MAC_Key.
"

to:

      *  PANA SA attributes:

         +  AAA-Key

         +  AAA-Key Identifier

         +  PANA_MAC_Key

         +  PANA_KD_Key

   The PANA_MAC_Key is used to integrity protect PANA messages.  The
   PANA_KD_Key is used to derive keys used for bootstrapping
   per-packet ciphering between PaC and EP.  The PANA_MAC_Key has a
   length of N bits, where the value of N depends on the integrity
   protection algorithm in use, which is HMAC-SHA1 in this document
   and N would be 160 bits for this case.  The PANA_KD_Key has a
   length of 512 bits, which is equal to the typical length of a
   AAA-Key or an EAP Master Session Key [I-D.ietf-eap-keying].

   When the PANA_MAC_Key and PANA_PD_Key are derived from a single
   AAA-Key, it is computed in the following way:

      {PANA_MAC_Key | PANA_KD_Key} = 
            HMAC_SHA1+(AAA-Key, ISN_pac | ISN_paa | Session-ID)

   When PANA_MAC_Key and PANA_PD_Key are derived from two AAA-Keys, it
   is computed in the following way:

      {PANA_MAC_Key | PANA_KD_Key} = 
            HMAC_SHA1+(AAA-Key1 | AAA-Key2, ISN_pac | ISN_paa | Session-ID)

   In the above key derivation algorithms, HMAC_SHA1+ is the
   iteratively calculated version of HMAC_SHA1 algorithm by applying
   HMAC_SHA1 in the prf+ function defined in IKEv2
   [I-D:ietf-ipsec-ikev2].  AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2 are AAA-Keys for the
   first and second EAP authentication in a single PANA authentication
   phase, respectively.  The length of AAA-Key, AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2
   MUST be 160 bits or longer.  See Section 4.1.6 for the detailed
   usage of the PANA_MAC_Key.  See [I-D:ietf-pana-ipsec] for the usage
   of the PANA_KD_Key for bootstrapping IPsec between PaC and EP.
"

Regards,

Yoshihiro Ohba

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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [Pana] problem in the Mobility Handling section
In-reply-to: <20040617103557.GF11151@ipv6-5.int-evry.fr>
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Hi Julien,

On Thu, Jun 17, 2004 at 12:35:57PM +0200, Julien Bournelle wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
>  in the Mobility Handling section, it is written than the MAC AVP in the
> PBR/PBA exchange uses the new PANA_MAC_Key.
> 
>  This new PANA_MAC_Key is computed using the AAA-Key new.
>  The AAA-KEy-new is computed using PAA_Nonce and PaC_nonce (and others).
> 
>  The problem is that PAA_nonce and PaC_nonce are carried in the PBR/PBA
> exchange.

You are right that PAA_nonce is carried in PBR, however, PaC_nonce is
carried in PSA, not PBA.  So I don't see a need to introduce another
key to just sign PBR/PBA exchange.  Am I missing something?

Yoshihiro Ohba


> 
>  To solve it, we could introduce an intermediary PANA Key just used to
> sign the PBR/PBA exchange.
> 
> regards,
>  
> -- 
> julien.bournelle@int-evry.fr
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Pana mailing list
> Pana@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/pana

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Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2004 20:11:13 +0200
From: Julien Bournelle <Julien.Bournelle@int-evry.fr>
To: pana@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [Pana] problem in the Mobility Handling section
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Hi yoshi,

> You are right that PAA_nonce is carried in PBR, however, PaC_nonce is
> carried in PSA, not PBA.  So I don't see a need to introduce another
> key to just sign PBR/PBA exchange.  Am I missing something?

you are right and I am wrong. 
I miss something, sorry  


> 
> Yoshihiro Ohba
> 
> 
> > 
> >  To solve it, we could introduce an intermediary PANA Key just used to
> > sign the PBR/PBA exchange.
> > 
> > regards,
> >  
> > -- 
> > julien.bournelle@int-evry.fr
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Pana mailing list
> > Pana@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/pana
> 

-- 
julien.bournelle@int-evry.fr

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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
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Subject: [Pana] Re: PANA  NAP and ISP authentication
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Hi Rafa,

Let me send this email to the PANA mailing list.

On Thu, Jun 24, 2004 at 03:42:19AM +0200, Rafael Marin Lopez wrote:
> Hi Yoshihiro
> 
> I was reading section about PANA NAP and ISP authentication (section 4.6) :
> 
> 
> " PAA offers NAP and ISP separate authentication, as well as a
> 
>      choice of ISP from "ISP1" and "ISP2".  PaC accepts the offer from
>      PAA, with choosing "ISP1" as the ISP.
> 
>   o  An EAP sequence for NAP authentication and an EAP sequence for ISP
>      authentication is performed in this order in authentication phase.
> 
>   o  An EAP authentication method with a single round trip is used in
>      the EAP sequence.
> 
>   o  The EAP authentication methods derive keys.  Once the two EAP
>      authenticatioins are successful, the PANA_MAC_KEY is derived from
>      the two AAA-Keys.
> 
> "
> 
> That is, PANA_MAC_KEY is derived after we have two AAA-Keys....

The answer is no.  I think the explanation of this example is
ambiguous.  The PANA_MAC_Key is first derived from the AAA-Key1 upon
the completion of the first EAP, and then the PANA_MAC_Key is updated
so that the key is derived from both AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2 upon the
completion of the second EAP.

> 
> o  After PANA SA is established, all messages are integrity and
>      replay protected with the MAC AVP.
> 
> 
> ... and with PANA_MAC_KEY we can calculate MAC AVP .
> 
> However ... this MAC AVP appears before these two authentications are 
> carried out, for example:
> 
> <-----     PANA-Auth-Request(x+3,y+4)[EAP, MAC]// ISP
> 
> 
> I guess , here MAC is calculated by using AAA-Key 1 (we have only this 
> so far) but in :
> 
> 			PANA-Bind-Request(x+5,y+6)          //S-flag set
>                           [EAP{Success}, Device-Id, Key-Id,
>                            Lifetime, Protection-Cap., PPAC, MAC]
> 
> 
> 
> MAC is calculated by using both AAA_Key1 and AAA_Key2... am I wrong?

You are right.  

How about changing as follows?

change:

"
  o  An EAP authentication method with a single round trip is used in
     the EAP sequence.

  o  The EAP authentication methods derive keys.  Once the two EAP
     authenticatioins are successful, the PANA_MAC_KEY is derived from
     the two AAA-Keys.
"

to:

"
  o  An EAP authentication method with a single round trip is used in
     each EAP sequence.

  o  Two AAA-Keys are derived from the EAP authentication methods,
     i.e., AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2.  The PANA_MAC_Key is first derived
     from the AAA-Key1 upon the completion of the first EAP, and then
     it is updated so that it is derived from both AAA-Key1 and
     AAA-Key2 upon the completion of the second EAP.
"

Regards,

Yoshihiro Ohba


> 
> 
> -- 
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------
> Rafael Marin Lopez
> Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
> 30071 Murcia - Spain
> Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
> ------------------------------------------------------
> 

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Cc: rafa <rafa@dif.um.es>, pana@ietf.org
Subject: [Pana] Re: PANA  NAP and ISP authentication
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Hi Yoshi...

Yoshihiro Ohba wrote:

>Hi Rafa,
>
>Let me send this email to the PANA mailing list.
>
>On Thu, Jun 24, 2004 at 03:42:19AM +0200, Rafael Marin Lopez wrote:
>  
>
>>Hi Yoshihiro
>>
>>I was reading section about PANA NAP and ISP authentication (section 4.6) :
>>
>>
>>" PAA offers NAP and ISP separate authentication, as well as a
>>
>>     choice of ISP from "ISP1" and "ISP2".  PaC accepts the offer from
>>     PAA, with choosing "ISP1" as the ISP.
>>
>>  o  An EAP sequence for NAP authentication and an EAP sequence for ISP
>>     authentication is performed in this order in authentication phase.
>>
>>  o  An EAP authentication method with a single round trip is used in
>>     the EAP sequence.
>>
>>  o  The EAP authentication methods derive keys.  Once the two EAP
>>     authenticatioins are successful, the PANA_MAC_KEY is derived from
>>     the two AAA-Keys.
>>
>>"
>>
>>That is, PANA_MAC_KEY is derived after we have two AAA-Keys....
>>    
>>
>
>The answer is no.  I think the explanation of this example is
>ambiguous. The PANA_MAC_Key is first derived from the AAA-Key1 upon
>the completion of the first EAP, and then the PANA_MAC_Key is updated
>so that the key is derived from both AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2 upon the
>completion of the second EAP.
>  
>
Now it's clear.

>>o  After PANA SA is established, all messages are integrity and
>>     replay protected with the MAC AVP.
>>
>>
>>... and with PANA_MAC_KEY we can calculate MAC AVP .
>>
>>However ... this MAC AVP appears before these two authentications are 
>>carried out, for example:
>>
>><-----     PANA-Auth-Request(x+3,y+4)[EAP, MAC]// ISP
>>
>>
>>I guess , here MAC is calculated by using AAA-Key 1 (we have only this 
>>so far) but in :
>>
>>			PANA-Bind-Request(x+5,y+6)          //S-flag set
>>                          [EAP{Success}, Device-Id, Key-Id,
>>                           Lifetime, Protection-Cap., PPAC, MAC]
>>
>>
>>
>>MAC is calculated by using both AAA_Key1 and AAA_Key2... am I wrong?
>>    
>>
>
>You are right.  
>
>How about changing as follows?
>
>change:
>
>"
>  o  An EAP authentication method with a single round trip is used in
>     the EAP sequence.
>
>  o  The EAP authentication methods derive keys.  Once the two EAP
>     authenticatioins are successful, the PANA_MAC_KEY is derived from
>     the two AAA-Keys.
>"
>
>to:
>
>"
>  o  An EAP authentication method with a single round trip is used in
>     each EAP sequence.
>
>  o  Two AAA-Keys are derived from the EAP authentication methods,
>     i.e., AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2.  The PANA_MAC_Key is first derived
>     from the AAA-Key1 upon the completion of the first EAP, and then
>     it is updated so that it is derived from both AAA-Key1 and
>     AAA-Key2 upon the completion of the second EAP.
>"
>  
>
Sounds good for me.

Thanks.

>Regards,
>
>Yoshihiro Ohba
>
>
>  
>
>>-- 
>>
>>------------------------------------------------------
>>Rafael Marin Lopez
>>Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
>>30071 Murcia - Spain
>>Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
>>------------------------------------------------------
>>
>>    
>>
>
>
>  
>


-- 
------------------------------------------------------
Rafael Marin Lopez
Faculty of Computer Science-University of Murcia
30071 Murcia - Spain
Telf: +34968367645    e-mail: rafa@dif.um.es
------------------------------------------------------


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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
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Subject: [Pana] issue 91 (proposed text)
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This is a proposed text for PANA issue 91
(http://danforsberg.info:8080/pana-issues/issue91):


[1] Add the following paragraph in section 3:

"
In addition, PANA defines the following two types of re-authentication
procedures that are performed while an established PANA session
exists.

1. Re-authentication based on EAP

2. Re-authentication based on PANA-Reauth exchange

The former type of re-authentication is used mainly for extending
authorization lifetime or for updating the cryptographic keying
material of a PANA SA.  The latter type of re-authentication is used
mainly for maintaining the presence of the communicating peers each
other so that the established PANA session can be terminated as soon
as the presence of the peer is lost.  
"

[2] Add the following section:

"
3.1  Illustration of a Complete Message Sequence

   A complete PANA message sequence is illustrated in Figure 2.  The
   example assumes the following scenario:

   o  The PaC initiates the discovery and initial handshake phase by
      multicasting a PANA-PAA-Discover message.  The PAA responds with
      a PANA-Start-Request message with a cookie to be stateless in
      the discovery and initial handshake phase.  At the end of the
       the discovery and initial handshake phase, the PaC sends a
      PANA-Start-Answer message with a cookie in response to the
      PANA-Start-Request.

   o  An EAP authentication method with a single round trip is used in
      the authentication phase.  A AAA-Key is derived from the EAP
      method and used for establishing a PANA SA.

   o  At the end of the authentication phase, the PAA sends a
      PANA-Bind-Request message and the PaC responds with a
      PANA-Bind-Answer message.  These messages contains a MAC AVP and
      a Key-Id AVP, as well as other AVPs for which usages are
      explained in Section 4, to securely establish a PANA session
      with a PANA SA.

   o  After the PANA SA is established, all messages are integrity and
      replay protected with MAC AVPs.

   o  After the PANA SA is established, Re-authentication based on
      PANA-Reauth exchange is performed.

   o  The PaC initiates termination of the PANA session by sending a
      PANA-Termination-Request message.

   o  Sequence numbers in PANA headers are not shown.


      PaC      PAA  Message(tseq,rseq)[AVPs]
      -----------------------------------------------------
      // Discovery and initial handshake phase
         ----->     PANA-PAA-Discover 
         <-----     PANA-Start-Request[Cookie]
         ----->     PANA-Start-Request-Answer[Cookie]

      // Authentication phase
         <-----     PANA-Auth-Request[EAP]
         ----->     PANA-Auth-Answer[EAP]
         <-----     PANA-Auth-Request[EAP]
         ----->     PANA-Auth-Answer[EAP]
         <-----     PANA-Bind-Request[EAP{Success}, Device-Id, Key-Id,
                         Lifetime, Protection-Cap., PPAC, MAC]
         ----->     PANA-Bind-Answer[Device-Id, Key-Id, PPAC, MAC]

      // Re-authentication
         <-----     PANA-Reauth-Request[MAC]
         ----->     PANA-Reauth-Answer[MAC]

      // Termination phase
         ----->     PANA-Termination-Request[MAC]
         <-----     PANA-Termination-Answer[MAC]


                 Figure 2: A Complete Message Sequence
"

[3] Change Section 4.6 to:

"
4.6.  Example for NAP and ISP Separate Authentication

   A PANA message sequence where NAP and ISP separate authentication
   occurs is illustrated in Figure 9.  The example assumes the
   following scenario:

   o  The PaC multicasts PANA-PAA-Discover message

   o  The ISNs used by the PAA and the PaC are x and y, respectively.

   o  The PAA offers NAP and ISP separate authentication, as well as a
      choice of ISP from "ISP1" and "ISP2".  The PaC accepts the offer
      from the PAA, with choosing "ISP1" as the ISP.

   o  An EAP sequence for NAP authentication and an EAP sequence for ISP
      authentication is performed in this order in authentication phase.

   o  An EAP authentication method with a single round trip is used in
      each EAP sequence.

   o  Two AAA-Keys are derived from the EAP authentication methods,
      i.e., AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2.  The PANA_MAC_Key is first derived
      from the AAA-Key1 upon the completion of the first EAP, and then
      it is updated so that it is derived from both AAA-Key1 and
      AAA-Key2 upon the completion of the second EAP.

   o  After a PANA SA is established, all messages are integrity and
      replay protected with MAC AVPs.

   o  Re-authentication based on the PANA-Reauth exchange is performed.

   o  Re-authentication and termination phase are not shown.


      PaC      PAA  Message(tseq,rseq)[AVPs]
      -----------------------------------------------------
      // Discovery and initial handshake phase
         ----->    PANA-PAA-Discover (0,0)
         <-----     PANA-Start-Request (x,0)            // S-flag set
                    [Cookie, ISP-Information("ISP1"),
                     ISP-Information("ISP2"),
                     NAP-Information("MyNAP")]
         ----->     PANA-Start-Request-Answer (y,x)     // S-flag set
                    [Cookie, ISP-Information("ISP1")]   // PaC chooses "ISP1"

      // Authentication phase
         <-----     PANA-Auth-Request(x+1,y)[EAP]       // NAP authentication
                                                        // S- and N-flags set
         ----->     PANA-Auth-Answer(y+1,x+1)[EAP]      // S- and N-flags set
         <-----     PANA-Auth-Request(x+2,y+1)[EAP]     // S- and N-flags set
         ----->     PANA-Auth-Answer(y+2,x+2)[EAP]      // S- and N-flags set
         <-----     PANA-FirstAuth-End-Request(x+3,y+2) // S- and N-flags set
                      [EAP{Success}, Key-Id, MAC]
         ----->     PANA-FirstAuth-End-Answer(y+3,x+3)  // S- and N-flags set
                      [Key-Id, MAC]
         <-----     PANA-Auth-Request(x+3,y+4)[EAP, MAC]// ISP authentication
                                                        // S-flag set
         ----->     PANA-Auth-Answer(y+4,x+4)[EAP, MAC] // S-flag set
         <-----     PANA-Auth-Request(x+4,y+5)[EAP, MAC]// S-flag set
         ----->     PANA-Auth-Answer(y+5,x+5)[EAP, MAC] // S-flag set
         <-----     PANA-Bind-Request(x+5,y+6)          // S-flag set
                      [EAP{Success}, Device-Id, Key-Id,
                       Lifetime, Protection-Cap., PPAC, MAC]
         ----->     PANA-Bind-Answer(y+6,x+5)           // S-flag set
                      [Device-Id, Key-Id, PPAC, MAC]

     Figure 9: A Complete Message Sequence for NAP and ISP Separate
                            Authentications
"

Comments are appreciated.

Yoshihiro Ohba



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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
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Subject: [Pana] Lost answer problem (a new issue)
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There might be some cases in which a PaC or a PAA might need to send a
duplicate answer to a retransmitted old request (as well as a fresh
answer to a new request if any) considering that an answer message for
an old request can be lost.  Without this, a PANA session may stall in
a way that the requester keeps retransmitting the old request while
the responder may keep discarding them with waiting for a new request.
The cases are described below.

- When a PaC sends a PANA-Start-Answer message in response to a valid
PANA-Start-Request message without a Cookie AVP, the answer message
can be lost.  The PANA-Start-Request would be retransmitted.  To deal
with the case, it might be better for the PaC to return a duplicate
PANA-Start-Answer message after the PaC has been sent the first
PANA-Start-Answer message until the PaC receives a valid
PANA-Auth-Request message.

- When a PaC sends a PANA-FirstAuth-End-Answer message in response to a
valid PANA-FirstAuth-End-Request message (remember that a
PANA-FirstAuth-End exchange is used for delimiting the first and
second EAP authentications), the answer message may be lost.  The
PANA-FirstAuth-End-Request would be retransmitted (with updating
transmission sequence number).  To deal with the case, it might be
better for the PaC to return a duplicate PANA-FirstAuth-End-Answer
message (with updating transmission and received sequence numbers)
after the PaC has been sent the first PANA-FirstAuth-End-Answer
message until the PaC receives a valid PANA-Auth-Request message for
the second EAP authentication.

- When a PaC sends a PANA-Bind-Answer message in response to a valid
PANA-Bind-Request message, the answer message can be lost.  As as
result, the PAA will retransmit the PANA-Bind-Request (but with using
a different transmission sequence number).  To deal with the case, it
might be better for the PaC to return a duplicate PANA-Bind-Answer
message (but with using different transmission and received sequence
numbers) for a while after the first PANA-Bind-Request was received.
The same thing can also apply to a PANA-Address-Update-Answer message
that is sent by a PaC.

- When a PaC or a PAA sends a PANA-Termination-Answer message in
response to a valid PANA-Termination-Request message, the answer
message can be lost.  As as result, the requester will retransmit the
request (but with using a different transmission sequence number).  To
deal with the case, it might be better for the sender of the answer to
return a duplicate answer (with using different transmission and
received sequence numbers) for a while after the first
PANA-Termination-Request was received.  The same thing can also apply
to a PANA-Reauth-Answer message that is sent by a PaC or a PAA.

Those could improve robustness of the PANA protocol against loss of
answer message.

Comments?

Yoshihiro Ohba

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From pana-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Jun 29 19:22:34 2004
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Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2004 15:56:22 -0700
From: Alper Yegin <alper.yegin@samsung.com>
Subject: RE: [Pana] PANA key derivation key
In-reply-to: <20040622153953.GA2625@steelhead>
To: "'Yoshihiro Ohba'" <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>, pana@ietf.org
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Yoshi,

I understand these changes are proposed to have combine AAA keys when
there are two of them. Couldn't we achieve the same by stating:

"AAA-key is set to (AAA-Key1 | AAA-Key2) when there are two EAP runs."

This could help collapse the two separate calculations into one in the
pana-pana draft. Also what pana-ipsec refers to would still be valid.
And we wouldn't need to compute a new key and use prf+ (simplification).

What do you think?

Alper

 


> -----Original Message-----
> From: pana-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:pana-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
Of
> Yoshihiro Ohba
> Sent: Tuesday, June 22, 2004 8:40 AM
> To: pana@ietf.org
> Subject: [Pana] PANA key derivation key
> 
> To reflect Pasi's comment on how to deal with two AAA-Keys in
> pana-ipsec draft and resulting discussions, here is a proposed text
> for PANA specification draft to define PANA_KD_Key.
> 
> In section 4.1.5 of draft-ietf-pana-pana-04.txt,
> 
> change:
> 
> "
>       *  PANA SA attributes:
> 
>          +  AAA-Key
> 
>          +  AAA-Key Identifier
> 
>          +  PANA_MAC_Key
> 
>    The PANA_MAC_Key is used to integrity protect PANA messages.  When
>    the PANA_MAC_Key is derived from a single AAA-Key, it is computed
in
>    the following way:
> 
> 
>       PANA_MAC_KEY = The first N bits of
>                      HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key, ISN_pac | ISN_paa |
Session-ID)
> 
>    where the value of N depends on the integrity protection algorithm
in
>    use, i.e., N=160 for HMAC-SHA1.
> 
>    When the PANA_MAC_Key is derived from two AAA-Keys, it is computed
in
>    the following way:
> 
>       PANA_MAC_KEY = The first N bits of
>                      HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key1 | AAA-Key2, ISN_pac | ISN_paa
|
>                                Session-ID)
> 
>    where AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2 are AAA-Keys for the first and second
EAP
>    authentication in a single PANA authentication phase, respectively.
> 
>    The length of AAA-Key, AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2 MUST be N bits or
>    longer.  See Section 4.1.6 for the detailed usage of the
>    PANA_MAC_Key.
> "
> 
> to:
> 
>       *  PANA SA attributes:
> 
>          +  AAA-Key
> 
>          +  AAA-Key Identifier
> 
>          +  PANA_MAC_Key
> 
>          +  PANA_KD_Key
> 
>    The PANA_MAC_Key is used to integrity protect PANA messages.  The
>    PANA_KD_Key is used to derive keys used for bootstrapping
>    per-packet ciphering between PaC and EP.  The PANA_MAC_Key has a
>    length of N bits, where the value of N depends on the integrity
>    protection algorithm in use, which is HMAC-SHA1 in this document
>    and N would be 160 bits for this case.  The PANA_KD_Key has a
>    length of 512 bits, which is equal to the typical length of a
>    AAA-Key or an EAP Master Session Key [I-D.ietf-eap-keying].
> 
>    When the PANA_MAC_Key and PANA_PD_Key are derived from a single
>    AAA-Key, it is computed in the following way:
> 
>       {PANA_MAC_Key | PANA_KD_Key} =
>             HMAC_SHA1+(AAA-Key, ISN_pac | ISN_paa | Session-ID)
> 
>    When PANA_MAC_Key and PANA_PD_Key are derived from two AAA-Keys, it
>    is computed in the following way:
> 
>       {PANA_MAC_Key | PANA_KD_Key} =
>             HMAC_SHA1+(AAA-Key1 | AAA-Key2, ISN_pac | ISN_paa |
Session-
> ID)
> 
>    In the above key derivation algorithms, HMAC_SHA1+ is the
>    iteratively calculated version of HMAC_SHA1 algorithm by applying
>    HMAC_SHA1 in the prf+ function defined in IKEv2
>    [I-D:ietf-ipsec-ikev2].  AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2 are AAA-Keys for the
>    first and second EAP authentication in a single PANA authentication
>    phase, respectively.  The length of AAA-Key, AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2
>    MUST be 160 bits or longer.  See Section 4.1.6 for the detailed
>    usage of the PANA_MAC_Key.  See [I-D:ietf-pana-ipsec] for the usage
>    of the PANA_KD_Key for bootstrapping IPsec between PaC and EP.
> "
> 
> Regards,
> 
> Yoshihiro Ohba
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Pana mailing list
> Pana@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/pana


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Date: Tue, 29 Jun 2004 16:03:45 -0700
From: Alper Yegin <alper.yegin@samsung.com>
Subject: Issue 93 (was RE: Pasi's pana-04 comments (was RE: [Pana] Some
	comments about PANA drafts))
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This looks good to me.


> > > Section 6.3: Diameter uses SMI enterprise numbers for Vendor-Id;
> > > does PANA use that also, or does it define its own number space?
> >
> > Yes. We shall spell this out in the document [a new issue].
> 
> I think PANA should use SMI enterprise numbers for Vendor-Id as
> Diameter does.
> 
> How about changing:
> 
> "
>    Vendor-Id
> 
>       The Vendor-Id field is present if the 'V' bit is set in the AVP
>       Flags field.  The optional four-octet Vendor-Id field contains
the
>       uniquely assigned id value, encoded in network byte order.  Any
>       vendor wishing to implement a vendor-specific PANA AVP MUST use
>       their own Vendor-Id along with their privately managed AVP
address
>       space, guaranteeing that they will not collide with any other
>       vendor's vendor-specific AVP(s), nor with future IETF
>       applications.
> "
> 
> to:
> 
> "
>    Vendor-Id
> 
>       The Vendor-Id field is present if the 'V' bit is set in the AVP
>       Flags field.  The optional four-octet Vendor-Id field contains
the
>       IANA assigned "SMI Network Management Private Enterprise Codes"
>       [ianaweb] value, encoded in network byte order.  Any
>       vendor wishing to implement a vendor-specific PANA AVP MUST use
>       their own Vendor-Id along with their privately managed AVP
>       address space, guaranteeing that they will not collide with any
>       other vendor's vendor-specific AVP(s), nor with future IETF
>       applications.
> "



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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
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Subject: [Pana] a new issue: IANA considerations
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Here is initial text for IANA Considerations section of the PANA
specification.

Comments are appreciated.

-----------------------------------
[1] Update Section 8 as follows:

"
8. IANA Considerations

   This section provides guidance to the Internet Assigned Numbers
   Authority (IANA) regarding registration of values related to the
   PANA protocol, in accordance with BCP 26 [IANA].  The following
   policies are used here with the meanings defined in BCP 26:
   "Private Use", "First Come First Served", "Expert Review",
   "Specification Required", "IETF Consensus", "Standards Action".

   This section explains the criteria to be used by the IANA for
   assignment of numbers within namespaces defined within this document.

   For registration requests where a Designated Expert should be
   consulted, the responsible IESG area director should appoint the
   Designated Expert.  For Designated Expert with Specification
   Required, the request is posted to the PANA WG mailing list (or, if
   it has been disbanded, a successor designated by the Area Director)
   for comment and review, and MUST include a pointer to a public
   specification.  Before a period of 30 days has passed, the Designated
   Expert will either approve or deny the registration request and
   publish a notice of the decision to the PANA WG mailing list or its
   successor.  A denial notice must be justified by an explanation and,
   in the cases where it is possible, concrete suggestions on how the
   request can be modified so as to become acceptable.

8.1 PANA UDP Port Number

   PANA uses one well-known UDP port number (Section 4.1.2, Section
   4.2 and Section 6.1), which needs to be assigned by the IANA.


8.2 PANA Multicast Address

   PANA uses one well-known IPv4 multicast address for which the scope
   is limited to be link-local by setting the TTL field to 255, and
   one well-known IPv6 link-local scoped multicast address (Section
   4.2 and Section 6.1), which need to be assigned by the IANA.

8.3 PANA Header

   As defined in Section 6.2, the PANA header contains two fields that
   requires IANA namespace management; the Message Type and Flags
   field.

8.3.1 Message Type

   The Message Type namespace is used to identify PANA messages.
   Values 0-16,777,213 are for permanent, standard message types,
   allocated by IETF Consensus [IANA].  This document defines the
   Message Types 1-8.  See Section 6.4 for the assignment of the
   namespace in this specification.

   The values 16,777,214 and 16,777,215 (hexadecimal values 0xfffffe -
   0xffffff) are reserved for experimental messages.  As these codes
   are only for experimental and testing purposes, no guarantee is
   made for interoperability between communicating PaC and PAA using
   experimental commands, as outlined in [IANA-EXP].

8.3.2 Flags

   There are eight bits in the Flags field of the PANA header.  This
   document assigns bit 0 ('R'equest), bit 4 ('S'eparate) and bit 5
   ('N'AP Authentication).  The remaining bits MUST only be assigned
   via a Standards Action [IANA].

8.4 AVP Header

   As defined in Section 6.3, the AVP header contains three fields
   that requires IANA namespace management; the AVP Code, AVP Flags
   and Vendor-Id fields where only the AVP Code and AVP Flags create
   new namespaces.

8.4.1 AVP Code

   The AVP Code namespace is used to identify attributes.  There are
   multiple namespaces.  Vendors can have their own AVP Codes
   namespace which will be identified by their Vendor-ID (also known
   as Enterprise-Number) and they control the assignments of their
   vendor-specific AVP codes within their own namespace.  The absence
   of a Vendor-ID or a Vendor-ID value of zero (0) identifies the IETF
   IANA controlled AVP Codes namespace.  The AVP Codes and sometimes
   also possible values in an AVP are controlled and maintained by
   IANA.

   AVP Code 0 is not used.  This document defines the AVP Codes
   1024-1041.  See Section 6.5 for the assignment of the namespace in
   this specification.

   AVPs may be allocated following Designated Expert with Specification
   Required [IANA].  Release of blocks of AVPs (more than 3 at a time
   for a given purpose) should require IETF Consensus.

   Note that PANA defines a mechanism for Vendor-Specific AVPs, where
   the Vendor-Id field in the AVP header is set to a non-zero value.
   Vendor-Specific AVPs codes are for Private Use and should be
   encouraged instead of allocation of global attribute types, for
   functions specific only to one vendor's implementation of PANA,
   where no interoperability is deemed useful.  Where a
   Vendor-Specific AVP is implemented by more than one vendor,
   allocation of global AVPs should be encouraged instead.


8.4.2 AVP Flags

   There are 8 bits in the AVP Flags field of the AVP header, defined
   in Section 6.3.  This document assigns bit 0 ('V'endor Specific)
   and bit 1 ('M'andatory).  The remaining bits should only be
   assigned via a Standards Action [IANA].

8.5 AVP Values

   Certain AVPs in PANA define a list of values with various meanings.
   For attributes other than those specified in this section, adding
   additional values to the list can be done on a First Come, First
   Served basis by IANA.

8.5.1 Algorithm Values of MAC AVP

   As defined in Section 6.5.1, the Algorithm field of MAC AVP (AVP
   Code 1024) defines the value of 1 (one) for HMAC-SHA1.

   All remaining values are available for assignment via IETF
   Consensus [IANA].


8.5.2 Protection-Capability AVP Values

   As defined in Section 6.5.5, the Protection-Capability AVP (AVP
   Code 1028) defines the values 0 and 1.

   All remaining values are available for assignment via a Standards
   Action [IANA].

8.5.3 Termination-Cause AVP Values

   As defined in Section 6.5.6, the Termination-Cause AVP (AVP Code
   1029) defines the values 1, 4 and 8.

   All remaining values are available for assignment via IETF
   Consensus [IANA].

8.5.4 Result-Code AVP Values

   As defined in Section 6.5.7, the Result-Code AVP (AVP Code 1030)
   defines the values 2001, 3001-3002, 3008-3009, 4001, 5001-5009 and
   5011-5019.

   All remaining values are available for assignment via IETF Consensus
   [IANA].


8.5.5 Post-PANA-Address-Configuration AVP Values

   As defined in Section 6.5.17, the Post-PANA-Address-Configuration
   AVP (AVP Code 1040) defines the bits 0 ('N': no configuration), 1
   ('D': DHCP), 2 ('A' stateless autoconfiguration), 3 ('T': DHCP with
   IPsec tunnel mode) and 4 ('I': IKEv2).

   All remaining values are available for assignment via a Standards
   Action [IANA].

"


[2] Add the following informative reference:

"
[IANA-EXP] Narten, T., "Assigning Experimental and Testing Numbers
Considered Useful", BCP 82, RFC 3692, January 2004.
"

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From: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Subject: Re: [Pana] PANA key derivation key
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Hi Alper,

Your proposal looks simpler and better.  

Yoshihiro Ohba


On Tue, Jun 29, 2004 at 03:56:22PM -0700, Alper Yegin wrote:
> Yoshi,
> 
> I understand these changes are proposed to have combine AAA keys when
> there are two of them. Couldn't we achieve the same by stating:
> 
> "AAA-key is set to (AAA-Key1 | AAA-Key2) when there are two EAP runs."
> 
> This could help collapse the two separate calculations into one in the
> pana-pana draft. Also what pana-ipsec refers to would still be valid.
> And we wouldn't need to compute a new key and use prf+ (simplification).
> 
> What do you think?
> 
> Alper
> 
>  
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: pana-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:pana-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> Of
> > Yoshihiro Ohba
> > Sent: Tuesday, June 22, 2004 8:40 AM
> > To: pana@ietf.org
> > Subject: [Pana] PANA key derivation key
> > 
> > To reflect Pasi's comment on how to deal with two AAA-Keys in
> > pana-ipsec draft and resulting discussions, here is a proposed text
> > for PANA specification draft to define PANA_KD_Key.
> > 
> > In section 4.1.5 of draft-ietf-pana-pana-04.txt,
> > 
> > change:
> > 
> > "
> >       *  PANA SA attributes:
> > 
> >          +  AAA-Key
> > 
> >          +  AAA-Key Identifier
> > 
> >          +  PANA_MAC_Key
> > 
> >    The PANA_MAC_Key is used to integrity protect PANA messages.  When
> >    the PANA_MAC_Key is derived from a single AAA-Key, it is computed
> in
> >    the following way:
> > 
> > 
> >       PANA_MAC_KEY = The first N bits of
> >                      HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key, ISN_pac | ISN_paa |
> Session-ID)
> > 
> >    where the value of N depends on the integrity protection algorithm
> in
> >    use, i.e., N=160 for HMAC-SHA1.
> > 
> >    When the PANA_MAC_Key is derived from two AAA-Keys, it is computed
> in
> >    the following way:
> > 
> >       PANA_MAC_KEY = The first N bits of
> >                      HMAC_SHA1(AAA-Key1 | AAA-Key2, ISN_pac | ISN_paa
> |
> >                                Session-ID)
> > 
> >    where AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2 are AAA-Keys for the first and second
> EAP
> >    authentication in a single PANA authentication phase, respectively.
> > 
> >    The length of AAA-Key, AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2 MUST be N bits or
> >    longer.  See Section 4.1.6 for the detailed usage of the
> >    PANA_MAC_Key.
> > "
> > 
> > to:
> > 
> >       *  PANA SA attributes:
> > 
> >          +  AAA-Key
> > 
> >          +  AAA-Key Identifier
> > 
> >          +  PANA_MAC_Key
> > 
> >          +  PANA_KD_Key
> > 
> >    The PANA_MAC_Key is used to integrity protect PANA messages.  The
> >    PANA_KD_Key is used to derive keys used for bootstrapping
> >    per-packet ciphering between PaC and EP.  The PANA_MAC_Key has a
> >    length of N bits, where the value of N depends on the integrity
> >    protection algorithm in use, which is HMAC-SHA1 in this document
> >    and N would be 160 bits for this case.  The PANA_KD_Key has a
> >    length of 512 bits, which is equal to the typical length of a
> >    AAA-Key or an EAP Master Session Key [I-D.ietf-eap-keying].
> > 
> >    When the PANA_MAC_Key and PANA_PD_Key are derived from a single
> >    AAA-Key, it is computed in the following way:
> > 
> >       {PANA_MAC_Key | PANA_KD_Key} =
> >             HMAC_SHA1+(AAA-Key, ISN_pac | ISN_paa | Session-ID)
> > 
> >    When PANA_MAC_Key and PANA_PD_Key are derived from two AAA-Keys, it
> >    is computed in the following way:
> > 
> >       {PANA_MAC_Key | PANA_KD_Key} =
> >             HMAC_SHA1+(AAA-Key1 | AAA-Key2, ISN_pac | ISN_paa |
> Session-
> > ID)
> > 
> >    In the above key derivation algorithms, HMAC_SHA1+ is the
> >    iteratively calculated version of HMAC_SHA1 algorithm by applying
> >    HMAC_SHA1 in the prf+ function defined in IKEv2
> >    [I-D:ietf-ipsec-ikev2].  AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2 are AAA-Keys for the
> >    first and second EAP authentication in a single PANA authentication
> >    phase, respectively.  The length of AAA-Key, AAA-Key1 and AAA-Key2
> >    MUST be 160 bits or longer.  See Section 4.1.6 for the detailed
> >    usage of the PANA_MAC_Key.  See [I-D:ietf-pana-ipsec] for the usage
> >    of the PANA_KD_Key for bootstrapping IPsec between PaC and EP.
> > "
> > 
> > Regards,
> > 
> > Yoshihiro Ohba
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > Pana mailing list
> > Pana@ietf.org
> > https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/pana
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Pana mailing list
> Pana@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/pana

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Date: Wed, 30 Jun 2004 11:22:24 +0200
From: Julien Bournelle <Julien.Bournelle@int-evry.fr>
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Cc: Gerardo Giaretta <gerardo.giaretta@tilab.com>,
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        yacine <yacine.el_mghazli@alcatel.fr>,
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Subject: [Pana] I-D ACTION:draft-bournelle-pana-ctp-00.txt
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Hi all,

We have published a draft regarding mobility handling and the usage of
CTP in PANA. 

Comments are highly appreciated. 

Best regards,

--------
A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.


	Title		: Context Transfer for PANA
	Author(s)	: J. Bournelle, et al.
	Filename	: draft-bournelle-pana-ctp-00.txt
	Pages		: 24
	Date		: 2004-6-23
	
The PANA protocol offers a way to authenticate clients in IP based
   access networks. It carries EAP over UDP which permits ISPs to use
   multiple authentication methods. However, in roaming environments IP
   clients might change of gateways and new EAP authentication from
   scratch may occur. This can considerably degrade performance. 

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-bournelle-pana-ctp-00.txt

-- 
julien.bournelle@int-evry.fr

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